U.S. patent application number 14/755003 was filed with the patent office on 2016-01-07 for device for enhanced safety in using a side stand for parking of two wheeled vehicle.
The applicant listed for this patent is STAR ENGINEERS (I) PVT. LTD.. Invention is credited to Saurabh Madhu, Divya Ramraika.
Application Number | 20160001834 14/755003 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53783005 |
Filed Date | 2016-01-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160001834 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ramraika; Divya ; et
al. |
January 7, 2016 |
DEVICE FOR ENHANCED SAFETY IN USING A SIDE STAND FOR PARKING OF TWO
WHEELED VEHICLE
Abstract
A device adapted for accurate and quick assembly on a two
wheeled vehicle for enhanced safety in using a side stand for
parking of the vehicle is disclosed.
Inventors: |
Ramraika; Divya; (Pune,
IN) ; Madhu; Saurabh; (Pune, IN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
STAR ENGINEERS (I) PVT. LTD. |
PUNE |
|
IN |
|
|
Family ID: |
53783005 |
Appl. No.: |
14/755003 |
Filed: |
June 30, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
280/301 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B62J 3/00 20130101; B62H
1/02 20130101; B62J 27/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
B62H 1/02 20060101
B62H001/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 2, 2014 |
IN |
2141/MUM/2014 |
Claims
1. A device, for enhancing safety in the use of a side stand of two
wheeled vehicle, said device comprising: i) a base plate (1)
adapted to be fastened to the frame of the two wheeler between the
wheels centers, said base plate (1) provided with specific
peripheral cut out having two edges (17) and (19) defining an
included angle "X" between said edges; ii) a holding member (2)
defining a first surface (45), an integral coaxial annular disc
(47), a circular cavity (49) and an arcuate cut out (51); said
holding member pivot-ably mounted on the base plate (1); iii) a
move-able element (3) rigidly mounted on said first surface (45) of
the holding member (2); iv) a housing (4) comprising a circular
disc (25) having an integral circular side wall (27) defining a
cavity provided with a central cylindrical projection (31) normal
to the circular disc (25); said central cylindrical projection (31)
defining at least three cylindrical locating regions (33, 35 and
37); said circular disc (25) provided with at least two spaced
apart locating pins (39); said housing removably fastened to the
base plate (1); v) an integrated circuit unit (5) comprising a
sensor unit (65), resistors-capacitors (69) and pad connector
points (67); said integrated circuit unit (5) provided at least two
mounting locations (71); in an assembled configuration the
integrated circuit unit adapted to mount in said housing (4) so as
maintain specific orientation and locational accuracy with
reference to the first locating region (33), mounting locations
(71) and said locating pins (39); vi) a support element (6) pivot
ably mounted on said base plate (1); said support element (6)
adapted to swivel from an inoperative closed position to an
operative open position within the included angle "X" of edges (17)
and (19); and vii) a fastener element (7) provided with a central
cylindrical cavity (61) adapted to pivot-ably fasten said holding
member (2) with reference to the base plate (1); in an assembled
configuration the circular cavity (49) of the holding member (2)
adapted to receive the one end of the fastener and the central
cylindrical cavity (61) adapted to locate the third locating region
(37) of the housing (4) so as to maintain specific orientation and
locational accuracy of said move-able member with reference to the
sensor unit (65) in a first inoperative swiveled close position and
an operative swiveled open position of the of the support element
(6).
2. A device, for enhancing safety in the use of a side stand of two
wheeled vehicle, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the included angle
"X" is preferably more than 90 degrees but less than 125
degrees.
3. A device, for enhancing safety in the use of a side stand of two
wheeled vehicle, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the move able
element is a permanent magnet selected from a group of permanent
magnets consisting of Alnico, Samarium-Cobalt, Neodymium-Iron-Boron
magnets.
4. A device, for enhancing safety in the use of a side stand of two
wheeled vehicle, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the integrated
circuit unit is mounted on a rigid polymer base and covered with
protective coating.
5. A device, for enhancing safety in the use of a side stand of two
wheeled vehicle, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor unit is
a programmable digital Hall effect sensor.
6. A device, for enhancing safety in the use of a side stand of two
wheeled vehicle, as claimed in claim 1 adapted to be retrofitted to
a two wheeled vehicle.
7. A device, for enhancing safety in the use of a side stand of two
wheeled vehicle, as described herein above with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to two wheeler stands. In
particular, this invention relates to a device for providing
improved safety in using a side stand for parking the two wheeled
vehicle.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Support stands are typically used to position a two wheeled
vehicle in stationary position when not being driven by a rider.
These stands have to be pushed open or extended from a closed
inactive position to an open active position adapted to support the
weight of the vehicle in a parked state. There are two types of
stands commonly used to park a two wheeler. One of these stands is
a side stand and the other is a centre stand. Both are provided
between the wheel centers. To park a two wheeler using a stand, the
support unit of the stand has to be swiveled to an open position
and the vehicle pulled backwards or tilted to one side to achieve a
parked stationary position.
[0003] The centre stand of a two wheeler keeps the vehicles while
parked, in plane normal to the ground level as compared to a
slightly tilted position achieved while using a side stand. Both
these stands are provided with stoppers to limit the movement of
the stand with reference to the vehicle frame. A typical side stand
for a two wheeler consists of bracket fastened to the frame of the
vehicle, between the front wheel and rear wheels. The bracket is
provided with a pivoted joint consisting of a swiveling support leg
assembly. A spring is used to keep the leg assembly in a
substantially horizontal position raised and away from the ground
level, to prevent the stand from accidentally opening whilst the
vehicle is in motion. Starting and riding a two wheeler with the
side stand in a deployed state can lead to accidents and injuries
to the rider and also to the bystanders.
[0004] Various attempts have been made to alert the rider about the
deployed state of the side stand support either by preventing
engine start or alarms.
[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,538 discloses a "Safety device for a
motorcycle". This device actuates the horn of a motorcycle if the
side stand is down, the ignition is on, and the motorcycle is in
the driving position using a mercury contact switch which is
activated by the tilted position of the motor cycle when parked
using a side stand and another switch mechanically connected to the
stand. The horn is activated when the driver turns the ignition and
brings the motor cycle to a substantially vertical position without
putting up the side stand. The use of contact type switches and
mercury filled position switch, acting in unison, to activate a
sound alarm, is subject to wear and tear due to physical contact,
electrical arcing, leakage of mercury and abrasion due to inclusion
of dust particles.
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 6,733,025 discloses a "Motorcycle stand
control mechanism". This is a motorcycle stand control device
having a rotor adapted to rotate when the wheels of the motorcycle
is rotating. The rotor is provided with a set of magnets
alternatively arranged around the periphery of the rotor and a
circuit board having sensor adapted to act with the magnets and to
output a corresponding control signal to turn the motorcycle stand
of the motorcycle subject to the status of the rotary driven
member. This device consists of many mechanical components like
rotating wire positioned in a flexible cable to transmit the drive,
direct current motor and gear drive to retract the side stand leg
support. All these components are subject to high degree of
mechanical wear and tear and the components that are exposed to the
road surface and are likely to be damaged in inclement weather
conditions and also not suitable for rough and rocky terrains.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 6,918,607 discloses a "Side stand device".
This device consists of a rotary switch which attempts to prevent
transmission of vibrations from a body frame to a rotary switch to
reliably maintaining the function and performance of the rotary
switch. The rotary switch is provided in coaxial relationship with
the side stand through a pivot bolt and a securing bolt. A sheet is
interposed between the rotary switch and the pivot bolt, and a tube
and a sheet are interposed between the rotary switch and the
securing bolt. The sheets and the tube are formed from rubber
members. A cushion member is interposed between an engaging member
of an inner rotor in the rotary switch and a locking hole of the
side stand. The cushion member is formed from a rubber member. The
cushioning members and the contacts of the rotary switch are
subject to wear and tear and are likely to be damaged in regular
use and have to be replaced during periodic maintenance.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 7,631,885 discloses an "Intelligent interlock
for a motorcycle stand". This device consists of a side stand
movable between an extended position in which the stand supports
the motorcycle and a retracted position. The motorcycle includes a
sensor to generate a signal to indicate the extended or retracted
position of the side stand; a gear position sensor to generate
signal about the neutral state or the non-neutral state of the
transmission gears; a vehicle speed sensor to detect the speed of
the motorcycle and a controller programmed for monitoring of the
stand signal and for preventing operation of the engine when one of
the gear position sensor and the vehicle speed sensor fails to
communicate successfully with the controller, preventing operation
of the engine being dependent upon the stand signal and an output
of the other of the gear position sensor and the vehicle speed
sensor. The stand position sensor is a Hall-effect sensor mounted
externally and operates to sense the presence of the side stand in
the retracted position by sensing a magnet or ferrous material of
the side stand. The use of three different sensors and external
mounting of the stand position sensor are likely to be damaged in
inclement weather conditions, presence of magnets or ferrous
particles and are also not suitable for rough and rocky
terrains.
[0009] Thus, there is a need for a device that warns the rider
about the deployed condition of the side stand before he starts to
ride the vehicle and which overcomes the problems hitherto
encountered in a two wheeler having a side stand arrangement.
OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0010] An object of this invention is to provide a device that
improves safety in using a side stand for parking the two wheeled
vehicle.
[0011] Still another object of this invention is to provide a
safety device that positively indicates the deployment of the side
stand of a two wheeler.
[0012] Yet another object of this invention is to provide a safety
device that is adapted to function even in adverse atmospheric
conditions and in inclement weather.
[0013] Yet another object of this invention is to provide a safety
device that is free from wear and tear of the components and
adapted to function accurately repeatedly.
[0014] Yet another object of this invention is to provide a safety
device that can function even at high ambient temperatures.
[0015] Yet another object of this invention is to provide a safety
device that is easy to install.
[0016] Yet another object of this invention is to provide a safety
device that does not require periodic servicing or maintenance to
be carried out.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
[0017] All aspects and advantages of the present invention will
become apparent with the description of the preferred non limiting
embodiment, when read together with the accompanying drawings, in
which:
[0018] FIG. 1 is the three dimensional view of the side stand of a
two wheeler provided with the safety device in accordance with this
invention, depicted in an operative position of the side stand;
[0019] FIG. 2 is the exploded view of the side stand of a two
wheeler provided with the safety device in accordance with this
invention, as shown in FIG. 1;
[0020] FIGS. 3 and 4 are the elevation and side elevation of the
side stand of a two wheeler provided with the safety device in
accordance with this invention, as shown in FIG. 1, depicted in an
operative position of the side stand;
[0021] FIG. 5 is the sectional view of the side stand of a two
wheeler provided with the safety device in accordance with this
invention, as shown in FIG. 3, depicted in an operative position of
the side stand;
[0022] FIGS. 6 and 7 are the elevation and side elevation of the
side stand of a two wheeler provided with the safety device in
accordance with this invention, as shown in FIG. 1, depicted in an
inoperative position of the side stand;
[0023] FIG. 8 is the sectional view of the side stand of a two
wheeler provided with the safety device in accordance with this
invention, as shown in FIG. 6, depicted in an inoperative position
of the side stand;
[0024] FIGS. 9 and 10 are the elevation and the end view of the
base plate of the safety device in accordance with this invention
as shown in FIG. 1;
[0025] FIG. 11 is the three dimensional view of the housing of the
safety device in accordance with this invention as shown in FIG.
1;
[0026] FIGS. 12 and 13 are the elevation and sectional view of the
plate holder of the safety device in accordance with this invention
as shown in FIG. 1;
[0027] FIGS. 14 and 15 are the plan and elevation of the fastener
of the safety device in accordance with this invention as shown in
FIG. 1;
[0028] FIGS. 16 and 17 are elevation and end view of the printed
circuit board of the safety device in accordance with this
invention as shown in FIG. 1; and
[0029] FIG. 18 is the functional diagram of the programmable mixed
signal CMOS technology Hall-effect sensor used in the safety device
in accordance with this invention as shown in FIG. 1.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0030] According to this invention there is provided a safety
device for a side stand mounted on a two wheeled vehicle, said
device comprising:
[0031] a base plate adapted to be fastened to the frame of the two
wheeler between the wheels centers, said base plate provided with
specific peripheral cut out having two edges defining an included
angle "X" between said edges; a holding member defining a first
surface, an integral coaxial annular disc, a circular cavity and an
arcuate cut out; said holding member pivot-ably mounted on the base
plate; a move-able element rigidly mounted on said first surface of
the holding member; a housing comprising a circular disc having an
integral circular side wall defining a cavity provided with a
central cylindrical projection normal to the circular disc; said
central cylindrical projection defining at least three cylindrical
locating regions; said circular disc provided with at least two
spaced apart locating pins; said housing removably fastened to the
base plate; an integrated circuit unit comprising a sensor unit,
resistors-capacitors and pad connector points; said integrated
circuit unit provided at least two mounting locations; in an
assembled configuration the integrated circuit unit adapted to
mount in said housing so as maintain specific orientation and
locational accuracy with reference to the first locating region,
mounting locations and said locating pins; a support element pivot
ably mounted on said base plate; said support element adapted to
swivel from an inoperative closed position to an operative open
position within the included angle "X" of edges and; a fastener
element provided with a central cylindrical cavity adapted to
pivot-ably fasten said holding member with reference to the base
plate; in an assembled configuration the circular cavity of the
holding member adapted to receive the one end of the fastener and
the central cylindrical cavity adapted to locate the third locating
region of the housing so as to maintain specific orientation and
locational accuracy of said move-able member with reference to the
sensor unit in a first inoperative swiveled close position and an
operative swiveled open position of the of the support element.
[0032] Typically the included angle "X" is preferably more than 90
degrees but less than 125 degrees.
[0033] Typically the move able element is a permanent magnet
selected from a group of permanent magnets consisting of Alnico,
Samarium-Cobalt, Neodymium-Iron-Boron magnets.
[0034] Typically the integrated circuit unit is mounted on a rigid
polymer base and covered with protective coating.
[0035] Typically the sensor unit is a programmable digital Hall
effect sensor.
[0036] Typically the safety device of this invention is adapted to
be retrofitted to a two wheeled vehicle.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0037] The present invention relates to a safety device for the
side stand of a two wheeler which overcomes the limitations
hitherto encountered in existing devices employed for preventing
accidents and injuries in using the side stand of the two
wheeler.
[0038] Referring FIG. 1, the safety device for the side stand of a
two wheeler in accordance with this invention is indicated
generally by the reference numeral 100. The safety device for the
side stand of a two wheeler (100) comprises a base plate (1)
adapted to be fastened to the frame (not specifically shown) of the
two wheeler between the wheels centers. The base plate (1) is
provided with a pivot able support element (6). A housing (4) is
provided to secure the components of the safety device (100).
[0039] FIG. 2 is the exploded view of the safety device for the
side stand of a two wheeler (100) comprising base plate (1); a
holding member (2); a move-able element (3); a housing (4); an
integrated circuit unit (5); a support element (6); and a fastener
element (7). The holding member (2) and the support element (6) are
pivot ably secured to base plate (1) by the fastener element (7).
The move-able element (3) is rigidly secured to the holding member
(2). The integrated circuit unit (5) positioned within the housing
(4). The housing (4) is removably fastened to the base plate (1) of
the safety device for the side stand of a two wheeler (100).
[0040] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 the safety device for the side
stand of a two wheeler (100) is in an operative swiveled open
position of the support element (6). In this operative condition
(refer FIG. 5) the move-able element (3) positioned in close
proximity of the integrated circuit unit (5). A sensor (not
specifically shown in this view) embedded in the integrated circuit
unit (5) is adapted to sense the relative position of the move-able
element (3) and generate an output signal to indicate of the
operative swiveled open position of the support element (6).
[0041] Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7 the safety device for the side
stand of a two wheeler (100) is in an inoperative swiveled close
position of the support element (6). In this inoperative condition
(refer FIG. 8) the move-able element (3) is positioned angularly
displaced to be relatively away from the integrated circuit unit
(5). The sensor (not specifically shown in this view) embedded in
the integrated circuit unit (5) is adapted to sense the relative
position of the move-able element (3) and generate an output signal
to indicate of the inoperative swiveled closed position of the
support element (6).
[0042] Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10 the base plate (1) of the safety
device for the side stand of a two wheeler (100) is provided with
circular opening (15) adapted to receive the fastener element (7)
(not specifically shown). The base plate (1) is also provided with
specific peripheral cut out having two edges (17) and (19) defining
an included angle "X" between said edges.
[0043] In an assembled operative condition of the safety device for
the side stand of a two wheeler (100) the fastener element (7), the
holding member (2) and the support element (6) (not specifically
shown in these figures) are adapted to be angularly displaced with
reference to the centre of said circular opening (15). Said
displacement limited within the included angle "X" defined by edges
(17) and (19).
[0044] Referring to FIG. 11 the housing (4) of the side stand of a
two wheeler (100) comprises of a circular disc (25) provided with
an integral circular side wall (27) so as to define a cavity
provided with a central cylindrical projection (31) normal to the
circular disc (25). The central cylindrical projection (31)
defining three cylindrical locating regions (33) (35) and (37)
having different diameters. In an assembled operative condition of
the safety device for the side stand of a two wheeler (100) the
cylindrical locating regions (33) (35) and (37) are adapted to
locate and position the integrated circuit unit (5), the holding
member (2) and the fastener element (7) respectively, so as to
maintain concentricity and air gap of the assembled components in
an inoperative swiveled closed position and in an operative
swiveled open position of the support element (6). Two spaced apart
locating pins (39) provided on the circular disc (25) are adapted
to locate the integrated circuit unit (5). The circular side wall
(27) is provided with an ingress opening (41) for cable harness
connection to the integrated circuit unit (5).
[0045] Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13 the holding member (2) of the
safety device for the side stand of a two wheeler (100) is an
arcuate member provided with a circular opening defining a first
surface (45) provided with an integral coaxial annular disc (47)
adapted to engage and coaxially locate the holding member (2) in
the cylindrical locating region (35) of the cylindrical projection
(31) provided on the housing (4) of the safety device for the side
stand of a two wheeler (100). The holding member (2) further
defining a circular cavity (49) adapted to coaxially locate the a
fastener element (7) and an arcuate cut out (51) adapted to locate
the support element (6).
[0046] Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15 the fastener element (7) is
provided with an hexagonal profile (55) at one end of a cylindrical
surface (57) and adjoining threaded end (59). The fastener element
(7) is also provided with a central cylindrical cavity (61) at the
hexagonal end. In an assembled configuration of the safety device
for the side stand of a two wheeler (100) the cylindrical cavity
(61) is adapted to receive the cylindrical locating region (37) of
the cylindrical projection (31) provided on the housing (4).
[0047] Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17 the integrated circuit unit (5)
is a substantially semicircular disc having a central cutout. the
components of the integrated circuit unit (5) include a sensor unit
(65) resistors and capacitors (69) and pad connector points (67)
for conducting the signal generated by the sensor unit (65) to a
controller unit (not included in this invention) adapted to read
the signal received and generate audio or visual alerts and prevent
engine start of the two wheeler engine. The integrated circuit unit
(5) is also provided two mounting location holes (71) complementary
to the spaced apart locating pins (39) provided on the circular
disc (25) of the housing (4). These mounting location holes (71)
accurately locate the integrated circuit unit (5) within the
housing (4), maintaining the relative angular location of the
sensor unit (65) with reference to the move-able element which is
rigidly secured to the holding member (2). The printed circuit
board is mounted on a rigid polymer base (73) and covered with
protective coating (75) The cylindrical locating regions (33) (35)
provided on the central cylindrical projection (31) of the housing
(4) locate and maintain the positional accuracy and the air gap
between the sensor unit (65) and the move-able element (3).
[0048] The sensor unit (65) typically is a complementary metal
oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Hall sensor having facility to switch
the direction of current through the Hall elements thereby
eliminating the offset errors typical of semiconductor Hall
elements. Other features like preset-able functional
characteristics like gain, offset, temperature coefficient of gain
(to compensate different magnetic materials thermal dependencies)
provides programmable algorithms for complex signal processing in
real time.
[0049] In this invention a change in the magnetic flux intensity
causes a protected, magnetically biased pre-programmed sensor to go
in a precise switch mode. The switching and hysteresis is
controlled by the profile of a ferrous strip positioned accurately
with controlled air gap between the face of the ferrous strip face
and the sensing location of the sensor. A Complementary
metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) type Hall effect sensor was used.
The Hall effect switch was mounted on a sturdy printed circuit
board having a bias magnet, short circuit, reverse polarity
protection and with a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect
transistor (MOSFET) for output indication. The sensor used has wide
operational parameters, with an operating voltage range of 2.7V to
24V, a magnetic latch range of .+-.0.4 mT to .+-.80 mT and a
magnetic switch range of .+-.1.5 mT to .+-.66 mT and a programmable
hysteresis range between 1 mT and 36 mT. The negative thermal
coefficient can be adjusted in the range of 0 to -2000 ppm/.degree.
C. to match all currently available permanent magnet materials or
to use with electromagnet (current sensing) actuation. This device
has an operational temperature range spanning -40.degree. C. to
+150.degree. C., making it highly suited for use in demanding
automotive or industrial environments.
[0050] The Hall effect sensor used for testing the invention was a
"Melexis" programmable unit. Referring to FIG. 18 the functional
diagram of the programmable Hall-effect sensor provided with mixed
signal CMOS technology, includes a voltage regulator, Hall sensor
with advanced offset cancellation system and an open-drain output
driver, all provided in a single package. The sensor is provided
with built-in reverse voltage protection therefore a serial
resistor or diode on the supply line is not required and the sensor
function effectively at low voltage operation down to 2.7V while
being reverse voltage tolerant. In the event of a drop below the
minimum supply voltage during operation, the under-voltage lock-out
protection will automatically freeze the device, preventing the
electrical perturbation to affect the magnetic measurement
circuitry. The open drain output is fully protected against
short-circuit with a built-in current limit. An additional
automatic output shut-off is activated in case of a prolonged
short-circuit condition. A self-check is then periodically
performed to switch back to normal operation if the short-circuit
condition is released. The on-chip thermal protection also switches
off the output if the junction temperature increases above an
abnormally high threshold. It will automatically recover once the
temperature decreases below a safe value.
[0051] The advantages of this invention includes:
[0052] 1. There are no wear and tear of the components used in the
device as the sensing the position of the side stand and generating
appropriate signal is fully contact less. This ensures error free
sensing in more than one million repetitions.
[0053] 2. The components of the device are fully enclosed in a dust
and weather proof housing ensuring maintenance free operation.
[0054] 3. The extent of angular displacement and locational
accuracy is controlled by the complementing projections and
openings provided in the housing.
[0055] 4. The air gap between the moveable and the fixed components
within their entire range of angular displacement is constant. This
ensures non varying signal generation repeatedly.
[0056] 5. This device may be fitted on varying models and types of
two wheelers as modification is required only in the base plate
that is used for mechanical fitment. Within the same model or type
of two wheeler the variations of vehicle body part and side stand
does not adversely affect on the switching performance. This makes
the fitment of the unit to the vehicle easy requiring low skill
levels.
[0057] 6. As the sensor unit is pre-programmable, over a wide range
of design variables as required for different models and types of
two wheelers, the inventory cost in manufacturing is reduced
considerably and the device is highly suitable of for just-in-time
inventory management practice at the vehicle assembly line.
[0058] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the
particular features of "a device for providing improved safety in
using a side stand for parking the two wheeled vehicle" and the
improvisation with regards to it, it will be appreciated that
various modifications can be made, and that many changes can be
made in the preferred embodiment without departing from the
principles of the invention. These and other modifications in the
nature of the invention or the preferred embodiments will be
apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein,
whereby it is. to be distinctly understood that the foregoing
descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of
the invention and not as a limitation.
* * * * *