U.S. patent application number 14/853881 was filed with the patent office on 2015-12-31 for antibodies specific for cll-1.
The applicant listed for this patent is Cellerant Therapeutics, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ping Jiang, Holger Karsunky, Rob Tressler.
Application Number | 20150376290 14/853881 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 49512686 |
Filed Date | 2015-12-31 |
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United States Patent
Application |
20150376290 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Jiang; Ping ; et
al. |
December 31, 2015 |
ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC FOR CLL-1
Abstract
Provided herein are antibodies specific for CLL-1.
Inventors: |
Jiang; Ping; (Lafayette,
CA) ; Karsunky; Holger; (Redwood City, CA) ;
Tressler; Rob; (Soquel, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Cellerant Therapeutics, Inc. |
San Carlos |
CA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
49512686 |
Appl. No.: |
14/853881 |
Filed: |
September 14, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13794525 |
Mar 11, 2013 |
9163090 |
|
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14853881 |
|
|
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|
61643739 |
May 7, 2012 |
|
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61699134 |
Sep 10, 2012 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/139.1 ;
424/178.1; 435/375; 435/7.23; 530/387.3; 530/387.9; 530/391.3;
530/391.7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 2039/505 20130101;
C07K 2317/565 20130101; C07K 2317/56 20130101; C07K 2317/734
20130101; A61K 47/6849 20170801; G01N 33/57492 20130101; A61K
47/6819 20170801; C07K 2317/92 20130101; A61P 19/00 20180101; C07K
16/3061 20130101; G01N 2333/70596 20130101; C07K 2317/732 20130101;
C07K 2317/33 20130101; A61P 35/02 20180101; C07K 16/2851 20130101;
C07K 2317/24 20130101; G01N 2333/705 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C07K 16/30 20060101
C07K016/30; A61K 47/48 20060101 A61K047/48; G01N 33/574 20060101
G01N033/574 |
Claims
1. An isolated antibody that specifically binds the extracellular
domain of human C-type lectin like molecule 1 (CLL-1), wherein the
antibody binds a polypeptide consisting of the C-lectin domain of
human CLL-1 with a Kd at least 5-fold higher than a polypeptide
consisting of the C-lectin and stalk domains of human CLL-1.
2. The isolated antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody binds
human or cynomolgus CLL-1 with a Kd of 1000 pM or lower.
3. The isolated antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody binds at
least 50% of cells in a sample of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
cells from an individual with AML.
4. The isolated antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody binds
quiescent CLL-1 expressing cells.
5. The isolated antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody is
humanized.
6. The isolated antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody is an Fv
antibody fragment.
7. The isolated antibody of claim 1 conjugated to a therapeutic
compound.
8. The isolated antibody of claim 1 conjugated to a detectable
moiety.
9. A method of determining whether a cell expresses C-type lectin
like molecule 1 (CLL-1), comprising, contacting the antibody of
claim 9 with the cell; and detecting the binding of the antibody to
the cell, wherein binding of the antibody to the cell indicates
that the cell expresses CLL-1; and determining whether the cell
expresses CLL-1.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the cell is in a biological
sample from an individual that includes hematopoietic cells.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising determining whether
the cell expresses CD34 or CD38.
12. A method for inhibiting survival of a cell expressing C-type
lectin like molecule 1 (CLL-1), comprising contacting the antibody
of claim 1 with the cell, thereby inhibiting survival of the
cell.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the contacting comprises
administering the antibody to an individual, and the cell is in the
individual.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the individual has been
diagnosed with a myeloproliferative disorder.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the myeloproliferative disorder
is selected from the group consisting of: acute myelogenous
leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic
myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), myelodisplastic syndrome (MDS),
multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma, and myelofibrosis.
16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the isolated antibody
of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
17. A method of treating a myeloproliferative disorder in an
individual, comprising administering to the individual the
pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, thereby treating AML in the
individual.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the antibody is conjugated to a
therapeutic compound.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the individual has been
diagnosed with a myeloproliferative disorder or has undergone
therapy for a myeloproliferative disorder.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein the myeloproliferative disorder
is selected from the group consisting of: acute myelogenous
leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic
myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), myelodisplastic syndrome (MDS),
multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma, and myelofibrosis.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/794,525, filed Mar. 11, 2013, which claims
priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/643,739, filed May
7, 2012, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/699,134, filed
Sep. 10, 2012, the disclosures of which are incorporated by
reference in their entireties.
REFERENCE TO SUBMISSION OF A SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] This application includes a Sequence Listing as a text file
named "092950-0950734_SEQ" created Sep. 9, 2015 and containing
45,885 bytes. The material contained in this text file is
incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] C type Lectin Like molecule 1 (CLL-1) is expressed on AML
cells, and on cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are cells that can
give rise to additional cancer cells.
[0004] One of the major limitations of chemotherapy is the general
inability of anticancer drugs to discriminate between normal and
cancer cells. Almost all members of the major categories of
antineoplastic agents have considerable toxicity for normal
cells.
[0005] Compositions that specifically target cancer cells can avoid
this problem. However, existing cancer targets do not target CSCs.
For this reason, existing chemotherapeutic strategies, even when
specifically delivered to cancer cells, do not effectively
eliminate the cancer. Risk of recurrence remains because the
surviving CSCs can give rise to new cancer cells.
[0006] CSCs express CD34, similar to hematopoietic stem cells
(HSCs), but CLL-1 is not expressed on HSCs. This allows CSCs to be
specifically targeted using CLL-1. Provided herein are CLL-1
antibodies that recognize a high percentage of CLL-1 expressing
cells. The present CLL-1 antibodies are effective for both
complement dependent and antibody dependent cytoxicity of CLL-1
expressing cells, and inhibit tumor growth of CLL-1 expressing
cancer cells. The presently described antibodies provide novel
diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for targeting
CLL-1-associated disorders.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] Provided herein are antibodies specific for CLL-1 ("CLL-1
antibodies") that bind a high percentage of CLL-1 expressing
primary cells from AML patient samples. In some embodiments, the
CLL-1 antibody specifically binds the extracellular domain of human
CLL-1 with a Kd of 10 nM or less, e.g., any of 5 nM, 1 nM, 500 pM,
200 pM, 100 pM, 50 pM or less. In some embodiments, the CLL-1
antibody binds cynomolgus CLL-1 with a Kd of 100 nM, 10 nM, 1 nM,
100 pM or less. For example, in some embodiments, cynomolgus CLL-1
and human CLL-1 compete for binding to the CLL-1 antibody. One of
skill will understand that higher affinity binding is expressed as
lower Kd (lower concentration of antibody target necessary for
binding).
[0008] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds a polypeptide
consisting of the C-lectin domain of CLL-1 with a Kd at least
5-fold higher than a polypeptide comprising or consisting of the
C-lectin and stalk domains of CLL-1, e.g., at least any of 10, 20,
50, or 100-fold higher. That is, the antibody binds a polypeptide
comprising the stalk and C-lectin domains of CLL-1 with a higher
affinity than it binds the C-lectin domain alone or the stalk
domain alone. In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds an
epitope that includes part of the stalk and part of the C-lectin
domains. In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds a
polypeptide consisting of the C-lectin and stalk domains of human
C-type lectin like molecule (CLL-1) with greater affinity than it
binds either (a) a polypeptide consisting of the C-lectin domain of
human CLL-1 or (b) a polypeptide consisting of the stalk domain of
human CLL-1. For example, the CLL-1 antibodies designated as M26
and M31 bind amino acids 101-265 of human CLL-1 with higher
affinity than amino acids 141-265 of human CLL-1 (with reference to
SEQ ID NO:2).
[0009] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds the C-lectin
domain of CLL-1 with a Kd at least 5-fold higher than it binds the
full length CLL-1 extracellular domain, e.g., at least any of 10,
20, 50, or 100-fold higher. That is, the affinity of the CLL-1
antibody is at least any of 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100 fold lower than
for the full length CLL-1 extracellular domain (e.g., as expressed
on a cell). In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds quiescent
CLL-1 expressing cells. In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody
binds quiescent CLL-1 expressing cells with a Kd of 10 nM or less,
e.g., any of 1 nM, 500 pM, 200 pM, 100 pM, 50 pM or less.
[0010] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds at least 60%
of the cells in a culture of HL60 cells, e.g., at least any of 70,
75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or higher % of the HL60 cells. In some
embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds at least 30% of the nucleated
cells in a sample of primary cells from an AML patient (e.g., any
of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95 or higher %), wherein the sample
of primary cells is peripheral blood or biopsy of tumor tissue. One
of skill will understand that, in such a cell binding assay, an
appropriate concentration of antibody is added, e.g., so that there
are sufficient antibody molecules present to bind the number of
cells in the culture or sample.
[0011] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody has an EC50 of less
than 1 nM in an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) cytotoxicity assay
with CLL-1 expressing cells, e.g., HL60 cells or primary AML cells.
In some embodiments, the EC50 in the ADC assay is any of 500, 200,
100, 50 pM or less. In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody reduces
colony formation of AML cells by at least 50%, e.g., at least 60%,
70%, 80% or more in an ADC cytotoxicity assay. In some embodiments,
the cells are primary patient AML cells. In some embodiments, the
cells are AML cancer stem cells. In some embodiments, the CLL-1
antibody does not affect normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells
(HSCs), or significantly reduce colony formation of normal
CD34+HSCs in an ADC cytotoxicity assay.
[0012] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody has an EC50 of 1
ug/ml or less in a complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay
with CLL-1 expressing cells, e.g., HL60 cells or primary AML cells.
In some embodiments, the EC50 in the CDC assay is any of 500, 200,
100, 50, 20, 10 ng/ml or less. In some embodiments, the CLL-1
antibody has an EC50 of 1 ug/ml or less in an antibody dependent
cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay with CLL-1 expressing
cells, e.g., CLL-1 transfected 293 cells, HL60 cells, or primary
AML cells. In some embodiments, the EC50 in the ADCC assay is any
of 500, 200, 100 ng/ml or less. In some embodiments, the CLL-1
antibody, when administered to a mouse carrying an AML xenograft
for at least 4 weeks reduces tumor burden at least 10-fold compared
to an untreated control (i.e., a mouse carrying the AML xenograft
but not treated with the CLL-1 antibody). In some embodiments, the
AML xenograft is from a human AML cell line, e.g., HL60 or OCI
AML-5 cells. In some embodiments, the AML xenograft is from primary
human or primate (e.g., cynomolgus) AML cells.
[0013] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody is selected from the
group consisting of an antibody that competes for binding to CLL-1
(e.g., a CLL-1 expressing cell or AML cell) with an antibody
selected from the group consisting of: [0014] an antibody
comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of M26 (see Example 1);
[0015] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of
M31; [0016] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs
of G4; [0017] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs
of M22; [0018] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain
CDRs of M29; [0019] an antibody comprising the heavy and light
chain CDRs of M2; [0020] an antibody comprising the heavy and light
chain CDRs of M5; [0021] an antibody comprising the heavy and light
chain CDRs of G12; [0022] an antibody comprising the heavy and
light chain CDRs of M41; [0023] an antibody comprising the heavy
and light chain CDRs of E3; [0024] an antibody comprising the heavy
and light chain CDRs of B10; [0025] an antibody comprising the
heavy and light chain CDRs of G2; [0026] an antibody comprising the
heavy and light chain CDRs of G6; [0027] an antibody comprising the
heavy and light chain CDRs of G8; [0028] an antibody comprising the
heavy and light chain CDRs of G10; [0029] an antibody comprising
the heavy and light chain CDRs of G14; [0030] an antibody
comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of G16; [0031] an
antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of G23; [0032]
an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of G26;
[0033] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of
G28; and [0034] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain
CDRs of G30.
[0035] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody is selected from an
antibody selected from the group consisting of: [0036] an antibody
comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of M26 (see Example 1);
[0037] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of
M31; [0038] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs
of G4; [0039] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs
of M22; [0040] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain
CDRs of M29; [0041] an antibody comprising the heavy and light
chain CDRs of M2; [0042] an antibody comprising the heavy and light
chain CDRs of M5; [0043] an antibody comprising the heavy and light
chain CDRs of G12; [0044] an antibody comprising the heavy and
light chain CDRs of M41; [0045] an antibody comprising the heavy
and light chain CDRs of E3; [0046] an antibody comprising the heavy
and light chain CDRs of B10; [0047] an antibody comprising the
heavy and light chain CDRs of G2; [0048] an antibody comprising the
heavy and light chain CDRs of G6; [0049] an antibody comprising the
heavy and light chain CDRs of G8; [0050] an antibody comprising the
heavy and light chain CDRs of G10; [0051] an antibody comprising
the heavy and light chain CDRs of G14; [0052] an antibody
comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of G16; [0053] an
antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of G23; [0054]
an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of G26;
[0055] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain CDRs of
G28; and [0056] an antibody comprising the heavy and light chain
CDRs of G30, wherein any one or more of the selected CDRs can have
1, 2, or 3 conservative amino acid substitutions compared to the
original CDR sequence.
[0057] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody comprises the heavy
and light chain CDRs of M26. In some embodiments, the CLL-1
antibody comprises the heavy and light chain CDRs of M31. In some
embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody comprises the heavy and light chain
CDRs of G4.
[0058] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody as described above
binds a polypeptide consisting of the C-lectin domain of CLL-1 with
a Kd at least 5-fold higher than a polypeptide consisting of the
C-lectin and stalk domains of CLL-1 (e.g., any of 10, 20, 50, 100
or higher fold). In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds the
C-lectin domain of CLL-1 with a Kd at least 5-fold higher than it
binds full length CLL-1 extracellular domain (e.g., any of 10, 20,
50, 100 or higher fold). In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody as
described above further binds at least 80% of the cells in a
culture of HL60 cells (e.g., any of 85, 90, 95 or higher %). In
some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody as described above further
binds at least 30% of the nucleated cells in a sample of AML cells
from an individual with AML (e.g., any of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 85,
90, 95, or higher %). Again, in such a cell binding assay, an
appropriate concentration of antibody is added, e.g., so that there
are sufficient antibody molecules present to bind the number of
cells in the culture or sample, and antibody concentration is not
the limiting factor.
[0059] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody as described above
is a chimeric antibody with a human Fc region, e.g., from IgG1. In
some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody as described above is
humanized. In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody as described
above is an Fv fragment (e.g., Fab, Fab', or F(ab')2). In some
embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody as described above is labeled e.g.,
conjugated to a detectable moiety. In some embodiments, the CLL-1
as described above is attached to a therapeutic compound, e.g., a
cytotoxin or cell growth inhibitor.
[0060] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody is selected from the
group consisting of: [0061] an antibody comprising variable region
sequences with substantial identity (at least any of 85, 90, 95, or
98% identity) to those of M26 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:4; Vl=SEQ ID NO:6)
[0062] an antibody comprising variable region sequences with
substantial identity to those of M31 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:8; Vl=SEQ ID
NO:10); [0063] an antibody comprising variable region sequences
with substantial identity to those of G4 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:12; Vl=SEQ
ID NO:14); [0064] an antibody comprising variable region sequences
with substantial identity to those of M22 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:16; Vl=SEQ
ID NO:18); [0065] an antibody comprising variable region sequences
with substantial identity to those of M29 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:20; Vl=SEQ
ID NO:22); [0066] an antibody comprising variable region sequences
with substantial identity to those of M2 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:24; Vl=SEQ
ID NO:26); [0067] an antibody comprising variable region sequences
with substantial identity to those of M5 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:28; Vl=SEQ
ID NO:30); [0068] an antibody comprising variable region sequences
with substantial identity to those of G12 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:32; Vl=SEQ
ID NO:34) [0069] an antibody comprising variable region sequences
with substantial identity to those of M41; [0070] an antibody
comprising variable region sequences with substantial identity to
those of E3; [0071] an antibody comprising variable region
sequences with substantial identity to those of B10; [0072] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of G2; [0073] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences with substantial identity to those of G6; [0074]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of G8; [0075] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences with substantial identity to those of G10; [0076]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of G14; [0077] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences with substantial identity to those of G16; [0078]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of G23; [0079] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences with substantial identity to those of G26; [0080]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of G28; and [0081] an antibody comprising
variable region sequences with substantial identity to those of
G30. In some embodiments, the substantially identical antibody has
the CDR sequences of the original antibody.
[0082] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody competes for binding
with an antibody selected from the group consisting of: [0083] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of M26 (Vh=SEQ ID
NO:4; Vl=SEQ ID NO:6) [0084] an antibody comprising variable region
sequences of M31 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:8; Vl=SEQ ID NO:10); [0085] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of G4 (Vh=SEQ ID
NO:12; Vl=SEQ ID NO:14); [0086] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of M22 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:16; Vl=SEQ ID NO:18); [0087]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences of M29 (Vh=SEQ ID
NO:20; Vl=SEQ ID NO:22); [0088] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of M2 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:24; Vl=SEQ ID NO:26); [0089]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences of M5 (Vh=SEQ ID
NO:28; Vl=SEQ ID NO:30); [0090] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G12 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:32; Vl=SEQ ID NO:34) [0091]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences of M41; [0092] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of E3; [0093] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of B10; [0094] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of G2; [0095] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of G6; [0096] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of G8; [0097] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of G10; [0098] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of G14; [0099] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of G16; [0100] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of G23; [0101] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of G26; [0102] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of G28; and [0103] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of G30.
[0104] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody is selected from the
group consisting of: [0105] an antibody comprising variable region
sequences of M26 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:4; Vl=SEQ ID NO:6) [0106] an
antibody comprising variable region sequences of M31 (Vh=SEQ ID
NO:8; Vl=SEQ ID NO:10); [0107] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G4 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:12; Vl=SEQ ID NO:14); [0108]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences of M22 (Vh=SEQ ID
NO:16; Vl=SEQ ID NO:18); [0109] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of M29 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:20; Vl=SEQ ID NO:22); [0110]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences of M2 (Vh=SEQ ID
NO:24; Vl=SEQ ID NO:26); [0111] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of M5 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:28; Vl=SEQ ID NO:30); [0112]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences of G12 (Vh=SEQ ID
NO:32; Vl=SEQ ID NO:34) [0113] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of M41; [0114] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of E3; [0115] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of B10; [0116] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G2; [0117] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G6; [0118] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G8; [0119] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G10; [0120] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G14; [0121] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G16; [0122] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G23; [0123] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G26; [0124] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G28; and [0125] an antibody comprising variable
region sequences of G30.
[0126] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody comprises the heavy
and light chain variable region sequences of M26. In some
embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody comprises the heavy and light chain
variable region sequences of M31. In some embodiments, the CLL-1
antibody comprises the heavy and light chain variable region
sequences of G4.
[0127] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody as described binds a
polypeptide consisting of the C-lectin domain of CLL-1 with a Kd at
least 5-fold higher than a polypeptide consisting of the C-lectin
and stalk domains of CLL-1 (e.g., any of 10, 20, 50, 100 or higher
fold). In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds the C-lectin
domain of CLL-1 with a Kd at least 5-fold higher than it binds full
length CLL-1 extracellular domain (e.g., any of 10, 20, 50, 100 or
higher fold). In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody as described
above further binds at least 80% of the cells in a culture of HL60
cells (e.g., any of 85, 90, 95 or higher %). In some embodiments,
the CLL-1 antibody as described above further binds at least 30% of
the nucleated cells in a sample of AML cells from an individual
with AML (e.g., any of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, or higher
%).
[0128] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody as described above
is an Fv fragment (e.g., Fab, Fab', or F(ab')2). In some
embodiments, the antibody comprises two distinct variable regions,
with two distinct epitope binding sequences, in a single antibody
construct (e.g., with one epitope binding region from M26, M31, G4,
or M22 and one epitope binding region from M26, M31, G4, or M22 in
any combination). In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody as
described above is labeled, e.g., conjugated to a detectable
moiety. In some embodiments, the CLL-1 as described above is
attached to a therapeutic compound, e.g., a cytotoxin or cell
growth inhibitor.
[0129] Further provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising
a CLL-1 antibody as described herein and a pharmaceutically
acceptable excipient or carrier.
[0130] Provided are methods for determining whether a cell
expresses CLL-1 comprising: contacting a CLL-1 antibody (i.e., a
CLL-1 antibody having any of the activities or sequences described
above) with the cell; detecting binding of the antibody to the
cell, wherein binding of the antibody to the cell indicates that
the cell expresses CLL-1; and determining whether the cell
expresses CLL-1. In some embodiments, the method further comprises
determining whether the cell expresses CD34. In some embodiments,
the method further comprises determining whether the cell expresses
CD38. In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining
whether the cell expresses CD45. In some embodiments, the cell is
in a biological sample obtained from an individual (e.g., a blood
sample or a biopsy from a tumor or tissue). In some embodiments,
antibody binding is detected by FACS.
[0131] Also provided are methods of identifying a myeloid cancer
cell (a CLL-1 expressing cancer cell, e.g., from a
myeloproliferative disorder such as AML, CML, CMML, multiple
myeloma, plasmacytoma, or MDS) or a CSC (e.g., LSC or myeloid
cancer cell blast) comprising: contacting a CLL-1 antibody (i.e., a
CLL-1 antibody having any of the activities or sequences described
above) with a cell; detecting binding of the antibody to the cell;
and identifying a CSC or myeloid cancer cell when the antibody
binds the cell. In some embodiments, the myeloid cancer cell is
selected from an AML, CML, CMML, multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma, or
MDS cell. In some embodiments, the method further comprises
determining whether the cell expresses CD45 and identifying an AML
cell when the cell expresses CD45. In some embodiments, the method
further comprises determining whether the cell expresses CD34 and
identifying a CSC when the cell expresses CD34. In some
embodiments, the cell is in a biological sample from an individual.
In some embodiments, antibody binding is detected by FACS.
[0132] Further provided are methods of diagnosing an individual for
a myeloproliferative disorder (e.g., AML, CML, MDS, CMML, multiple
myeloma, plasmacytoma myelofibrosis) comprising contacting a CLL-1
antibody (i.e., a CLL-1 antibody having any of the activities or
sequences described above) with a biological sample from the
individual; detecting binding of the antibody to a cell in the
biological sample; and diagnosing the individual with a
myeloproliferative disorder when the antibody binds the cell. In
some embodiments, the biological sample is a blood sample (e.g.,
peripheral nucleated blood cells) or biopsy from a tumor or tissue.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining
whether the cell expresses CD34. In some embodiments, the method
further comprises determining a course of treatment for the
individual when a myeloproliferative disorder is diagnosed. In some
embodiments, the course of treatment includes administration of an
effective dose of a CLL-1 antibody. In some embodiments, the
effective dose of the CLL-1 antibody is administered in a
pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable
excipient. In some embodiments, the method further comprises
monitoring the individual, e.g., when a myeloproliferative disorder
is diagnosed, or when the individual has been previously diagnosed
with a myeloproliferative disorder but received treatment for the
disease.
[0133] Additionally provided are methods of inhibiting survival of
a CLL-1 expressing cell (e.g., reducing cell growth or division,
mediating ADC, mediating CDC) comprising contacting a CLL-1
antibody (i.e., a CLL-1 antibody having any of the activities or
sequences described above) with the cell and inhibiting survival of
the cell. In some embodiments, the contacting comprises
administering the antibody (e.g., in a pharmaceutical composition)
to an individual, e.g., an individual diagnosed with a
myeloproliferative disorder (e.g., AML, CML, MDS, CMML, multiple
myeloma, plasmacytoma myelofibrosis). In some embodiments, the
CLL-1 antibody is administered in a dose effective to inhibit
survival of CLL-1 expressing cells.
[0134] Provided are methods of treating a myeloproliferative
disorder in an individual (e.g., reducing tumor growth or
engraftment compared to an untreated control) comprising
administering an effective dose of CLL-1 antibody (i.e., a CLL-1
antibody having any of the activities or sequences described above)
to the individual, thereby treating the myeloproliferative disorder
in the individual. In some embodiments, the myeloproliferative
disorder is selected from AML, CML, MDS, CMML, multiple myeloma,
plasmacytoma, and myelofibrosis. In some embodiments, the effective
dose of the CLL-1 antibody is administered in a pharmaceutical
composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In
some embodiments, the individual has been diagnosed with a
myeloproliferative disorder, e.g., using a CLL-1 antibody as
described herein. In some embodiments, the method of treatment
further comprises monitoring cell growth (e.g., tumor growth or
circulating myeloid cancer cells) in the individual, e.g., using a
CLL-1 antibody as described herein. In some embodiments, the CLL-1
antibody is attached to a therapeutic compound, e.g., a cytotoxin
or cell growth inhibitor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0135] FIGS. 1A-1C show the results of complement dependent
cytotoxicity (CDC) assays using primary cells from 3 different AML
patients, #49 (FIG. 1A), #50 (FIG. 1B), and #52 (FIG. 1C). A and B
show that CLL-1 antibody clone M26 has an EC50 between 10 and 100
ng/mL. FIG. 1C shows the results for CLL-1 antibody clones M26,
M31, and negative controls E12 (unrelated antibody) and IgG. M26
and M31 both have an EC50 between 10 and 100 ng/mL.
[0136] FIG. 2 shows the antitumor effect of CLL-1 antibody clones
in a mouse xenograft model. HL60 AML cells were injected
subcutaneously into mice. Mice were divided into 5 groups, with n=6
mice per group: (1) IgG2a control; (2) M5; (3) M13; (4) M26; and
(5) M31. Mice received 200 ug antibody once per week for 7 weeks.
P<0.05 vs control for all treatment groups.
[0137] FIG. 3 shows the antitumor effect of CLL-1 antibody clones
in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. AML cells were injected
intravenously into immunocompromised NSG (NOD/SCID/IL2 receptor
Gamma chain knockout) mice. Mice were divided into 5 groups, with
n=6 mice per group: (1) IgG2a control; (2) M5; (3) M13; (4) M26;
and (5) M31. Mice received 200 ug antibody twice per week for 2
weeks, and were sacrificed 4 weeks post-transplant. Tumor burden
(CD45+CLL-1+ cells) in bone marrow was determined by FACS.
[0138] FIGS. 4A-4B show that CLL-1 Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADC)
inhibit colony formation by AML stem cells but not normal
hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+HSCs). FIG. 4A shows that seeded
CD34+HSCs form colonies in the presence of antibody drug conjugates
at a level of the negative control (no antibody or antibody drug
conjugate). FIG. 4B shows that, for seeded total PBMC, AML cancer
stem cells (CSCs) have 80% less colony formation in the presence of
CLL-1 antibody M26 conjugated to saporin compared to the negative
control (no antibody or antibody drug conjugate).
[0139] FIG. 5 shows that CLL-1 antibody clones M26, M31, and G4
(also labeled 31.G4) bind to human PBMCs in both mouse and chimeric
human (Chi) forms. Negative controls include the IgG corresponding
to each CLL-1 antibody, but specific for an unrelated antigen.
Mononuclear cells were separated from PBMC samples, and FACS was
used to characterize the cells according to expression of CD89
(granulocytes), CD14 (monocytes and granulocytes), CD3
(lymphocytes), and CD19 (B cells). The percentage of CLL-1 positive
staining for each population is shown in that order from left to
right for each CLL-1 antibody.
[0140] FIG. 6 shows that CLL-1 antibody clones M26, M31, and G4
(labeled 31G4) bind to cynomolgus PBMCs in both original mouse and
chimeric human (Chi) forms. Negative controls include the IgG
corresponding to each CLL-1 antibody, but specific for an unrelated
antigen. Mononuclear cells were separated from PBMC samples, and
FACS was used to characterize the cells according to expression of
CD3 (lymphocytes), CD19 (B cells), CD14 (granulocytes), CD14
(monocytes), and CD89 (granulocytes). The percentage of CLL-1
positive staining for each population is shown in that order from
left to right for each CLL-1 antibody.
[0141] FIGS. 7A-7B show that both mouse and chimeric human CLL-1
have Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC) activity on CLL-1 transfected
293 cells in vitro. FIG. 7A shows results for mouse CLL-1 antibody
clones M26, M31, and G4 (31G4) compared to a negative control mouse
IgG2a. FIG. 7B shows results for the corresponding chimeric human
CLL-1 antibody clones.
[0142] FIG. 8 shows that chimeric human CLL-1 antibody clones M26,
M31, and G4 (31G4) mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated
cytotoxicity (ADCC) on CLL-1 transfected 293 cells. The EC.sub.50
(ng/ml) for ChiM26, ChiM31, and Chi31G4 is 79, 143, and 105,
respectively.
[0143] FIGS. 9A-9B show the antitumor effect of CLL-1 antibody
clones in a mouse xenograft model. NOD/SCID mice were irradiated on
Day -1, and on Day 0, HL60 cells were injected into the tail veins
(3.times.10.sup.6 cells per mouse). Mice were divided into 3
groups, with n=6 mice per group: (1) huIgG control; (2) M26; (3)
ChiM31. Mice received 8 antibody injections (200 ug) over the
course of 22 days, and were sacrificed on day 26. Tumor burden in
bone marrow was determined by FACS. FIG. 9A shows the percent
huCD45+CD33+AML cells, and FIG. 9B shows the percent
huCD45+CLL-1+AML CSCs.
[0144] FIGS. 10A-10B show the antitumor effect of CLL-1 antibody
clones in a mouse xenograft model. NOD/SCID mice were irradiated on
Day -1, and on Day 0, OCI AML-5 cells were injected into the tail
veins (5.times.10.sup.6 cells per mouse). Mice were divided into 5
groups, with n=6 mice per group: (1) huIgG control; (2) M26; (3)
ChiM26; (4) ChiM31; (5) ChiG4. Mice received 8 antibody injections
(200 ug) over the course of 19 days, and were sacrificed on day 24
post. Tumor burden in bone marrow was determined by FACS. FIG. 10A
shows the percentage of huCD45+CD33+AML cells. FIG. 10B shows the
log.sub.10 percentage of huCD45+CD33+AML cells, to observe better
resolution between the results. The data show that all 4 CLL-1
antibodies tested effectively reduced tumor burden, and that M26,
ChiM26, and ChiM31 had the greatest antitumor effect.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
I. Introduction
[0145] Provided herein are antibodies specific for CLL-1 with
various advantageous properties. Such antibodies were selected
based on at least one of the following criteria: [0146] Affinity
for human CLL-1 in the picomolar to nanomolar range; [0147] Binding
to a relatively high percentage of samples obtained from AML
patients (e.g., a higher percentage of AML patients than the X357
or X1057 CLL-1 antibody, or at least 50% of AML patient samples);
[0148] Binding to a relatively high percentage of cells (e.g.,
peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) in an AML patient
sample (e.g., a higher percentage of cells than the X357 or X1057
CLL-1 antibody, or at least 50% of the cells in an AML patient
sample); [0149] Active in antibody drug conjugate (ADC)
cytotoxicity assay; [0150] Active in complement dependent
cytotoxicity (CDC) assay; [0151] Active in antibody dependent cell
cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay; [0152] Antitumor activity, in vitro or
in vivo (xenograft mouse model); [0153] Specific binding to, and
ADC activity in AML cells, but not normal HSCs; [0154] Binding to
species homolog of an animal model (e.g., cynomolgus CLL-1); [0155]
Above activities retained for antibodies in chimeric human
form.
[0156] The presently described CLL-1 antibodies do not all have all
of the selective characteristics, but are further described, e.g.,
according to sequence, below. The present CLL-1 antibodies can be
used for detection of CLL-1 expressing cells, e.g., for diagnosis
or monitoring of CLL-1 expressing cancer cells in an individual, or
for treatment of CLL-1 expressing cancer such as AML.
II. Definitions
[0157] Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a
person of ordinary skill in the art. See, e.g., Lackie, DICTIONARY
OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Elsevier (4.sup.th ed. 2007);
Sambrook et al., MOLECULAR CLONING, A LABORATORY MANUAL, Cold
Springs Harbor Press (Cold Springs Harbor, N Y 1989). The term "a"
or "an" is intended to mean "one or more." The term "comprise" and
variations thereof such as "comprises" and "comprising," when
preceding the recitation of a step or an element, are intended to
mean that the addition of further steps or elements is optional and
not excluded. Any methods, devices and materials similar or
equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of
this invention. The following definitions are provided to
facilitate understanding of certain terms used frequently herein
and are not meant to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0158] C-type Lectin-Like molecule 1 (CLL-1), also known as
CLEC12A, DCAL-2, and MICL, is a type II membrane protein (ITIM
domain--TM domain-stalk domain-lectin-like domain). The
extracellular domain of CLL-1 is highly glycosylated, and it is
expressed exclusively in cells of myeloid lineage. CLL-1 is also
expressed on AML, MDS, and CML cells. CLL-1 expression can be used
to distinguish between normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs),
which do not express CLL-1, and leukemic stem cells (LSCs), where
it is expressed. LSCs are CD34+ cells in leukemia patients that
lead to production of cancer cells and recurrence of cancer. See
Bakker et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64:8443.
[0159] The nucleotide and protein sequences of CLL-1 are known for
many species. For example, the human sequences can be found at
Genbank accession number AF247788.1 (coding sequence shown in SEQ
ID NO:1) and Uniprot accession number Q5QGZ9 (SEQ ID NO:2). For the
human CLL-1 protein shown as SEQ ID NO:2, the extracellular domain
comprises approximately amino acids 65-265, the transmembrane
domain comprises approximately amino acids 44-64, and the
cytoplasmic domain comprises approximately amino acids 1-43. The
stalk domain of human CLL-1 spans amino acids 65-139, and the C
lectin domain spans amino acids 140-249, both with reference to the
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2. One of skill will understand that
CLL-1 variants (e.g., species homologs, allelic variants, etc.) can
be optimally aligned, e.g., for identification of conserved
residues and domains.
[0160] The terms "CLL-1 specific antibody," "anti-CLL-1 antibody,"
"CLL-1 antibody," and "anti-CLL-1" are used synonymously herein to
refer to an antibody that specifically binds to CLL-1, including
variously glycosylated forms of CLL-1. The CLL-1 antibodies
described herein specifically bind the CLL-1 polypeptide expressed,
e.g., on the surface of certain cancer cells, but not to HSCs. As
discussed in more detail below, the present anti-CLL-1 antibodies
can bind CLL-1 expressing cells, bind a larger percentage of AML
cells compared to other AML-targeting antibodies, inhibit AML cell
proliferation, and mediate their destruction.
[0161] A "CLL-1 associated disorder" (or CLL-1 related disorder,
CLL-1 disorder, CLL-1 related condition or disease, etc.) refers to
conditions and diseases correlated with elevated or reduced cell
surface expression of CLL-1 as compared to CLL-1 expression in a
standard control (e.g., a normal, non-disease, non-cancer cell).
Elevated CLL-1 levels are associated with cancer cells, in
particular, leukemias such as AML (acute myelogenous leukemia), MDS
(myelodysplastic syndrome), and CML (chronic myelogenous leukemia),
and in hematopoietic CSCs (e.g., LSCs).
[0162] The term "antibody" refers to a polypeptide structure, e.g.,
an immunoglobulin, conjugate, or fragment thereof that retains
antigen binding activity. The term includes but is not limited to
polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies of the isotype classes IgA,
IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, derived from human or other mammalian
cells, including natural or genetically modified forms such as
humanized, human, single-chain, chimeric, synthetic, recombinant,
hybrid, mutated, grafted, and in vitro generated antibodies. The
term encompasses conjugates, including but not limited to fusion
proteins containing an immunoglobulin moiety (e.g., chimeric or
bispecific antibodies or scFv's), and fragments, such as Fab,
F(ab')2, Fv, scFv, Fd, dAb and other compositions.
[0163] An exemplary immunoglobulin (antibody) structural unit
comprises a tetramer. Each tetramer is composed of two identical
pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one "light" (about 25
kD) and one "heavy" chain (about 50-70 kD). The N-terminus of each
chain defines a variable region of about 100 to 110 or more amino
acids primarily responsible for antigen recognition. The terms
variable light chain (V.sub.L) and variable heavy chain (V.sub.H)
refer to these light and heavy chains respectively. The variable
region contains the antigen-binding region of the antibody (or its
functional equivalent) and is most critical in specificity and
affinity of binding. See Paul, Fundamental Immunology (2003).
[0164] Antibodies can exist as intact immunoglobulins or as any of
a number of well-characterized fragments that include specific
antigen-binding activity. For the sake of clarity, a tetrameric
antibody with heavy and light chains is referred to herein as an
"intact immunoglobulin," and can be naturally occurring,
polyclonal, monoclonal, or recombinantly produced. Fragments can be
produced by digestion with various peptidases. Pepsin digests an
antibody below the disulfide linkages in the hinge region to
produce F(ab)'.sub.2, a dimer of Fab which itself is a light chain
joined to V.sub.H-C.sub.H1 by a disulfide bond. The F(ab)'.sub.2
may be reduced under mild conditions to break the disulfide linkage
in the hinge region, thereby converting the F(ab)'.sub.2 dimer into
an Fab' monomer. The Fab' monomer is essentially Fab with part of
the hinge region. While various antibody fragments are defined in
terms of the digestion of an intact antibody, one of skill will
appreciate that such fragments may be synthesized de novo either
chemically or by using recombinant DNA methodology. Thus, the term
antibody, as used herein, also includes antibody fragments either
produced by the modification of whole antibodies, or those
synthesized de novo using recombinant DNA methodologies or those
identified using phage display libraries (see, e.g., McCafferty et
al., Nature 348:552-554 (1990)).
[0165] As used herein, the term "Fv" refers to a monovalent or
bi-valent variable region fragment, and can encompass only the
variable regions (e.g., V.sub.L and/or V.sub.H), as well as longer
fragments, e.g., an Fab, Fab' or F(ab')2, which also includes
C.sub.L and/or C.sub.H1. Unless otherwise specified, the term "Fc"
refers to a heavy chain monomer or dimer comprising C.sub.H1 and
C.sub.H2 regions.
[0166] A single chain Fv (scFv) refers to a polypeptide comprising
a V.sub.L and V.sub.H joined by a linker, e.g., a peptide linker.
ScFvs can also be used to form tandem (or di-valent) scFvs or
diabodies. Production and properties of tandem scFvs and diabodies
are described, e.g., in Asano et al. (2011) J Biol. Chem. 286:1812;
Kenanova et al. (2010) Prot Eng Design Sel 23:789; Asano et al.
(2008) Prot Eng Design Sel 21:597.
[0167] A "monoclonal antibody" refers to a clonal preparation of
antibodies with a single binding specificity and affinity for a
given epitope on an antigen. A "polyclonal antibody" refers to a
preparation of antibodies that are raised against a single antigen,
but with different binding specificities and affinities.
[0168] As used herein, "V-region" refers to an antibody variable
region domain comprising the segments of Framework 1, CDR1,
Framework 2, CDR2, and Framework 3, including CDR3 and Framework 4,
which segments are added to the V-segment as a consequence of
rearrangement of the heavy chain and light chain V-region genes
during B-cell differentiation.
[0169] As used herein, "complementarity-determining region (CDR)"
refers to the three hypervariable regions in each chain that
interrupt the four "framework" regions established by the light and
heavy chain variable regions. The CDRs are primarily responsible
for binding to an epitope of an antigen. The CDRs of each chain are
typically referred to as CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, numbered
sequentially starting from the N-terminus, and are also typically
identified by the chain in which the particular CDR is located.
Thus, a V.sub.H CDR3 is located in the variable domain of the heavy
chain of the antibody in which it is found, whereas a V.sub.L CDR1
is the CDR1 from the variable domain of the light chain of the
antibody in which it is found.
[0170] The sequences of the framework regions of different light or
heavy chains are relatively conserved within a species. The
framework region of an antibody, that is the combined framework
regions of the constituent light and heavy chains, serves to
position and align the CDRs in three dimensional space.
[0171] The amino acid sequences of the CDRs and framework regions
can be determined using various well known definitions in the art,
e.g., Kabat, Chothia, international ImMunoGeneTics database (IMGT),
and AbM (see, e.g., Johnson et al., supra; Chothia & Lesk,
(1987) J. Mol. Biol. 196, 901-917; Chothia et al. (1989) Nature
342, 877-883; Chothia et al. (1992) J. Mol. Biol. 227, 799-817;
Al-Lazikani et al., J. Mol. Biol 1997, 273(4)). A helpful guide for
locating CDRs using the Kabat system can be found at the website
available at bioinf.org.uk/abs. Definitions of antigen combining
sites are also described in the following: Ruiz et al. Nucleic
Acids Res., 28, 219-221 (2000); and Lefranc Nucleic Acids Res.
January 1; 29(1):207-9 (2001); MacCallum et al., J. Mol. Biol.,
262: 732-745 (1996); and Martin et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA,
86, 9268-9272 (1989); Martin, et al, Methods Enzymol., 203:
121-153, (1991); Pedersen et al, Immunomethods, 1, 126, (1992); and
Rees et al, In Sternberg M. J. E. (ed.), Protein Structure
Prediction. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 141-172 1996).
[0172] A "chimeric antibody" refers to an antibody in which (a) the
constant region, or a portion thereof, is altered, replaced or
exchanged so that the antigen binding site (variable region, CDR,
or portion thereof) is linked to a constant region of a different
or altered class, effector function and/or species; or (b) the
variable region, or a portion thereof, is altered, replaced or
exchanged with a variable region having a different or altered
antigen specificity (e.g., CDR and framework regions from different
species). Chimeric antibodies can include variable region
fragments, e.g., a recombinant antibody comprising two Fab or Fv
regions or an scFv. A chimeric can also, as indicated above,
include an Fc region from a different source than the attached Fv
regions. In some cases, the chimeric antibody includes chimerism
within the Fv region. An example of such a chimeric antibody would
be a humanized antibody where the FRs and CDRs are from different
sources.
[0173] Humanized antibodies are antibodies in which the antigen
binding loops, i.e., CDRs, obtained from the V.sub.H and V.sub.L
regions of a non-human antibody are grafted to a human framework
sequence. Humanization, i.e., substitution of non-human CDR
sequences for the corresponding sequences of a human antibody, can
be performed following the methods described in, e.g., U.S. Pat.
Nos. 5,545,806; 5,569,825; 5,633,425; 5,661,016; Riechmann et al.,
Nature 332:323-327 (1988); Marks et al., Bio/Technology 10:779-783
(1992); Morrison, Nature 368:812-13 (1994); Fishwild et al., Nature
Biotechnology 14:845-51 (1996). Transgenic mice, or other organisms
such as other mammals, may also be used to express humanized or
human antibodies, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,673,986.
[0174] The terms "antigen," "immunogen," "antibody target," "target
analyte," and like terms are used herein to refer to a molecule,
compound, or complex that is recognized by an antibody, i.e., can
be specifically bound by the antibody. The term can refer to any
molecule that can be specifically recognized by an antibody, e.g.,
a polypeptide, polynucleotide, carbohydrate, lipid, chemical
moiety, or combinations thereof (e.g., phosphorylated or
glycosylated polypeptides, etc.). One of skill will understand that
the term does not indicate that the molecule is immunogenic in
every context, but simply indicates that it can be targeted by an
antibody.
[0175] Antibodies bind to an "epitope" on an antigen. The epitope
is the localized site on the antigen that is recognized and bound
by the antibody. Epitopes can include a few amino acids or portions
of a few amino acids, e.g., 5 or 6, or more, e.g., 20 or more amino
acids, or portions of those amino acids. In some cases, the epitope
includes non-protein components, e.g., from a carbohydrate, nucleic
acid, or lipid. In some cases, the epitope is a three-dimensional
moiety. Thus, for example, where the target is a protein, the
epitope can be comprised of consecutive amino acids, or amino acids
from different parts of the protein that are brought into proximity
by protein folding (e.g., a discontinuous epitope). The same is
true for other types of target molecules that form
three-dimensional structures.
[0176] The terms "specific for," "specifically binds," and like
terms refer to a molecule (e.g., antibody or antibody fragment)
that binds to a target with at least 2-fold greater affinity than
non-target compounds, e.g., at least any of 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold,
7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 25-fold, 50-fold, or
100-fold greater affinity. For example, an antibody that
specifically binds a primary antibody will typically bind the
primary antibody with at least a 2-fold greater affinity than a
non-primary antibody target (e.g., an antibody from a different
species or of a different isotype, or a non-antibody target).
[0177] The term "binds" with respect to an antibody target (e.g.,
antigen, analyte, immune complex), typically indicates that an
antibody binds a majority of the antibody targets in a pure
population (assuming appropriate molar ratios). For example, an
antibody that binds a given antibody target typically binds to at
least 2/3 of the antibody targets in a solution (e.g., at least any
of 75, 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100%).
One of skill will recognize that some variability will arise
depending on the method and/or threshold of determining
binding.
[0178] The term "cross-linked" with respect to an antibody refers
to attachment of the antibody to a solid or semisolid matrix (e.g.,
sepharose, beads, culture plate), or to another protein or
antibody. For example, the antibody can be multimerized to create
an antibody complex with multiple (more than 2) antigen-binding
sites. The antibody can be multimerized by expressing the antibody
as a high-valency isotype (e.g., IgA or IgM, which typically form
complexes of 2 or 5 antibodies, respectively). Antibody
multimerization can also be carried out by using a cross-linker
comprising a reactive group capable of linking proteins (e.g.,
carbodiimide, NHS esters, etc). Methods and compositions for
cross-linking an antibody to a matrix are described, e.g., in the
Abcam and New England Biolab catalogs and websites (available at
abcam.com and neb.com). Cross-linker compounds with various
reactive groups are described, e.g., in Thermo Fisher Scientific
catalog and website (available at piercenet.com).
[0179] As used herein, a first antibody, or an antigen-binding
portion thereof, "competes" for binding to a target with a second
antibody, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, when binding of
the second antibody with the target is detectably decreased in the
presence of the first antibody compared to the binding of the
second antibody in the absence of the first antibody. The
alternative, where the binding of the first antibody to the target
is also detectably decreased in the presence of the second
antibody, can, but need not be the case. That is, a second antibody
can inhibit the binding of a first antibody to the target without
that first antibody inhibiting the binding of the second antibody
to the target. However, where each antibody detectably inhibits the
binding of the other antibody to its cognate epitope or ligand,
whether to the same, greater, or lesser extent, the antibodies are
said to "cross-compete" with each other for binding of their
respective epitope(s). Both competing and cross-competing
antibodies are encompassed by the present invention. The term
"competitor" antibody can be applied to the first or second
antibody as can be determined by one of skill in the art. In some
cases, the presence of the competitor antibody (e.g., the first
antibody) reduces binding of the second antibody to the target by
at least 10%, e.g., at least any of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%,
80%, or more, e.g., so that binding of the second antibody to
target is undetectable in the presence of the first (competitor)
antibody.
[0180] The terms "label," "detectable moiety," and like terms refer
to a composition detectable by spectroscopic, photochemical,
biochemical, immunochemical, chemical, or other physical means. For
example, useful labels include fluorescent dyes, luminescent
agents, radioisotopes (e.g., .sup.32P, .sup.3H), electron-dense
reagents, enzymes (e.g., as commonly used in an ELISA), biotin,
digoxigenin, or haptens and proteins or other entities which can be
made detectable, e.g., by incorporating a radiolabel into a peptide
or antibody specifically reactive with a target analyte. Any method
known in the art for conjugating an antibody to the label may be
employed, e.g., using methods described in Hermanson, Bioconjugate
Techniques 1996, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego. The term "tag"
can be used synonymously with the term "label," but generally
refers to an affinity-based moiety, e.g., a "His tag" for
purification, or a "strepavidin tag" that interacts with
biotin.
[0181] A "labeled" molecule (e.g., nucleic acid, protein, or
antibody) is one that is bound, either covalently, through a linker
or a chemical bond, or noncovalently, through ionic, van der Waals,
electrostatic, or hydrogen bonds to a label such that the presence
of the molecule may be detected by detecting the presence of the
label bound to the molecule.
[0182] The term "differentially expressed" or "differentially
regulated" refers generally to a protein or nucleic acid biomarker
that is overexpressed (upregulated) or underexpressed
(downregulated) in one sample compared to at least one other
sample. In the context of the present disclosure, the term
generally refers to overexpression of CLL-1 on a cancer cell (e.g.,
an AML cell or AML CSC) compared to a normal, non-cancer cell.
[0183] For example, the terms "overexpressed" or "upregulated"
interchangeably refer to a protein or nucleic acid, generally a
biomarker, that is transcribed or translated at a detectably
greater than control level. The term includes overexpression due to
transcription, post transcriptional processing, translation,
post-translational processing, cellular localization (e.g.,
organelle, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell surface), and RNA and protein
stability. Overexpression can be detected using conventional
techniques for detecting biomarkers, whether mRNA (i.e., RT-PCR,
hybridization) or protein (i.e., flow cytometry, imaging, ELISA,
immunohistochemical techniques). Overexpression can be at least any
of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more in
comparison to a normal cell.
[0184] The terms "agonist," "activator," "inducer" and like terms
refer to molecules that increase activity or expression as compared
to a control. Agonists are agents that, e.g., bind to, stimulate,
increase, activate, enhance activation, sensitize or upregulate the
activity of the target. The expression or activity can be increased
at least any of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% 100% or
more than that in a control. In certain instances, the activation
is any of 1.5-fold, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 10-fold, or
more in comparison to a control.
[0185] The terms "inhibitor," "repressor" or "antagonist" or
"downregulator" interchangeably refer to a substance that results
in a detectably lower expression or activity level as compared to a
control. The inhibited expression or activity can be any of 10%,
20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or less than that in a
control. In certain instances, the inhibition is any of 1.5-fold,
2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 10-fold, or more in comparison to a
control.
[0186] A "control" sample or value refers to a sample that serves
as a reference, usually a known reference, for comparison to a test
sample. For example, a test sample can be taken from a test
condition, e.g., in the presence of a test compound, and compared
to samples from known conditions, e.g., in the absence of the test
compound (negative control), or in the presence of a known compound
(positive control). In the context of the present disclosure, an
example of a negative control would be a biological sample from a
known healthy (non-cancer) individual, and an example of a positive
control would be a biological sample from a known AML patient. A
control can also represent an average value or a range gathered
from a number of tests or results. One of skill in the art will
recognize that controls can be designed for assessment of any
number of parameters. For example, a control can be devised to
compare therapeutic benefit based on pharmacological data (e.g.,
half-life) or therapeutic measures (e.g., comparison of benefit
and/or side effects). Controls can be designed for in vitro
applications. One of skill in the art will understand which
controls are valuable in a given situation and be able to analyze
data based on comparisons to control values. Controls are also
valuable for determining the significance of data. For example, if
values for a given parameter are widely variant in controls,
variation in test samples will not be considered as
significant.
[0187] The term "diagnosis" refers to a relative probability that a
subject has a disorder such as cancer. Similarly, the term
"prognosis" refers to a relative probability that a certain future
outcome may occur in the subject. For example, in the context of
the present disclosure, prognosis can refer to the likelihood that
an individual will develop cancer, have recurrence, or the likely
severity of the disease (e.g., severity of symptoms, rate of
functional decline, survival, etc.). The terms are not intended to
be absolute, as will be appreciated by any one of skill in the
field of medical diagnostics.
[0188] "Biopsy" or "biological sample from a patient" as used
herein refers to a sample obtained from a patient having, or
suspected of having, a CLL-1 associated disorder. The sample can
also be a blood sample or blood fraction, e.g., white blood cell
fraction, serum, or plasma. In some embodiments, the sample may be
a tissue biopsy, such as needle biopsy, fine needle biopsy,
surgical biopsy, etc. The sample can comprise a tissue sample
harboring a lesion or suspected lesion, although the biological
sample may be also be derived from another site, e.g., a site of
suspected metastasis, a lymph node, or from the blood. In some
cases, the biological sample may also be from a region adjacent to
the lesion or suspected lesion.
[0189] A "biological sample" can be obtained from a patient, e.g.,
a biopsy, from an animal, such as an animal model, or from cultured
cells, e.g., a cell line or cells removed from a patient and grown
in culture for observation. Biological samples include tissues and
bodily fluids, e.g., blood, blood fractions, lymph, saliva, urine,
feces, etc.
[0190] The terms "therapy," "treatment," and "amelioration" refer
to any reduction in the severity of symptoms. In the case of
treating cancer (e.g., AML), treatment can refer to, e.g., reducing
tumor size, number of cancer cells, growth rate, metastatic
activity, reducing cell death of non-cancer cells, reduced nausea
and other chemotherapy or radiotherapy side effects, etc. The terms
"treat" and "prevent" are not intended to be absolute terms.
Treatment and prevention can refer to any delay in onset,
amelioration of symptoms, improvement in patient survival, increase
in survival time or rate, etc. Treatment and prevention can be
complete (undetectable levels of neoplastic cells) or partial, such
that fewer neoplastic cells are found in a patient than would have
occurred without the present invention. The effect of treatment can
be compared to an individual or pool of individuals not receiving
the treatment, or to the same patient prior to treatment or at a
different time during treatment. In some aspects, the severity of
disease is reduced by at least 10%, as compared, e.g., to the
individual before administration or to a control individual not
undergoing treatment. In some aspects the severity of disease is
reduced by at least 25%, 50%, 75%, 80%, or 90%, or in some cases,
no longer detectable using standard diagnostic techniques.
[0191] The terms "effective amount," "effective dose,"
"therapeutically effective amount," etc. refer to that amount of
the therapeutic agent sufficient to ameliorate a disorder, as
described above. For example, for the given parameter, a
therapeutically effective amount will show an increase or decrease
of therapeutic effect at least any of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 40%,
50%, 60%, 75%, 80%, 90%, or at least 100%. Therapeutic efficacy can
also be expressed as "-fold" increase or decrease. For example, a
therapeutically effective amount can have at least any of a
1.2-fold, 1.5-fold, 2-fold, 5-fold, or more effect over a
control.
[0192] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable" is
used synonymously with physiologically acceptable and
pharmacologically acceptable. A pharmaceutical composition will
generally comprise agents for buffering and preservation in
storage, and can include buffers and carriers for appropriate
delivery, depending on the route of administration.
[0193] The terms "dose" and "dosage" are used interchangeably
herein. A dose refers to the amount of active ingredient given to
an individual at each administration. For the present invention,
the dose can refer to the concentration of the antibody or
associated components, e.g., the amount of therapeutic agent or
dosage of radiolabel. The dose will vary depending on a number of
factors, including frequency of administration; size and tolerance
of the individual; severity of the condition; risk of side effects;
the route of administration; and the imaging modality of the
detectable moiety (if present). One of skill in the art will
recognize that the dose can be modified depending on the above
factors or based on therapeutic progress. The term "dosage form"
refers to the particular format of the pharmaceutical, and depends
on the route of administration. For example, a dosage form can be
in a liquid, e.g., a saline solution for injection.
[0194] "Subject," "patient," "individual" and like terms are used
interchangeably and refer to, except where indicated, mammals such
as humans and non-human primates, as well as rabbits, rats, mice,
goats, pigs, and other mammalian species. The term does not
necessarily indicate that the subject has been diagnosed with a
particular disease, but typically refers to an individual under
medical supervision. A patient can be an individual that is seeking
treatment, monitoring, adjustment or modification of an existing
therapeutic regimen, etc. A "cancer patient" or "AML patient" can
refer to an individual that has been diagnosed with cancer, is
currently following a therapeutic regimen, or is at risk of
recurrence, e.g., after surgery to remove a tumor. In some
embodiments, the cancer patient has been diagnosed with cancer and
is a candidate for therapy. Cancer patients can include individuals
that have not received treatment, are currently receiving
treatment, have had surgery, and those that have discontinued
treatment.
[0195] In the context of treating cancer, a subject in need of
treatment can refer to an individual that has cancer or a
pre-cancerous condition, has had cancer and is at risk of
recurrence, is suspected of having cancer, is undergoing standard
treatment for cancer, such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy,
etc.
[0196] "Cancer", "tumor," "transformed" and like terms include
precancerous, neoplastic, transformed, and cancerous cells, and can
refer to a solid tumor, or a non-solid cancer (see, e.g., Edge et
al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (7.sup.th ed. 2009); Cibas and
Ducatman Cytology: Diagnostic principles and clinical correlates
(3.sup.rd ed. 2009)). Cancer includes both benign and malignant
neoplasms (abnormal growth). "Transformation" refers to spontaneous
or induced phenotypic changes, e.g., immortalization of cells,
morphological changes, aberrant cell growth, reduced contact
inhibition and anchorage, and/or malignancy (see, Freshney, Culture
of Animal Cells a Manual of Basic Technique (3.sup.rd ed. 1994)).
Although transformation can arise from infection with a
transforming virus and incorporation of new genomic DNA, or uptake
of exogenous DNA, it can also arise spontaneously or following
exposure to a carcinogen.
[0197] The term "cancer" can refer to leukemias, carcinomas,
sarcomas, adenocarcinomas, lymphomas, solid and lymphoid cancers,
etc. Examples of different types of cancer include, but are not
limited to, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous
leukemia (CML), B-cell lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's
lymphoma, Small Cell lymphoma, Large Cell lymphoma, monocytic
leukemia, myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia,
multiple myelomas, lung cancer (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer or
NSCLC), ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, liver
cancer (i.e., hepatocarcinoma), renal cancer (i.e., renal cell
carcinoma), bladder cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, pleural
cancer, pancreatic cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer,
testicular cancer, anal cancer, pancreatic cancer, bile duct
cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, esophageal cancer, gall
bladder cancer, appendix cancer, small intestine cancer, stomach
(gastric) cancer, cancer of the central nervous system, skin
cancer, choriocarcinoma; head and neck cancer, osteogenic sarcoma,
fibrosarcoma, neuroblastoma, glioma, and melanoma.
[0198] A "cancer target" or "cancer marker" is a molecule that is
differentially expressed or processed in cancer, e.g., on a cancer
cell or in the cancer milieu. Exemplary cancer targets are cell
surface proteins such as CLL-1 (also, e.g., cell adhesion molecules
and receptors), intracellular receptors, hormones, and molecules
such as proteases that are secreted by cells into the cancer
milieu. Markers for specific cancers are known in the art, e.g.,
CD45 for AML, CD34+CD38- for AML CSCs, MUC1 expression on colon and
colorectal cancers, bombesin receptors in lung cancer, and prostate
specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on prostate cancer.
[0199] In some embodiments, the cancer target can be associated
with a certain type of cancer cell, e.g., AML, leukemia, myeloma,
lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer cells, prostate cancer,
colorectal cancer, breast cancer or ovarian cancer. A cell type
specific target is typically expressed at levels at least 2 fold
greater in that cell type than in a reference population of cells.
In some embodiments, the cell type specific marker is present at
levels at least any of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 50, 100, or
1000 fold higher than its average expression in a reference
population. Thus, the target can be detected or measured to
distinguish the cell type or types of interest from other cells.
For example, AML cancer targets include Ly86, LILRA1, and
CD180.
[0200] A cancer stem cell (CSC) is a cell found in a tumor or blood
cancer that can give rise to the cells that make up the bulk of the
cancer. The CSC can also be self-renewing, similar to a normal
(non-cancer) stem cell. CSCs can thus mediate metastasis by
migrating to a non-tumor tissue in an individual and starting a
"new" tumor. CSCs make up a very small percentage of any given
cancer, depending on the stage that the cancer is detected. For
example, the average frequency of CSCs in a sample of AML cells is
believed to be about 1:10,000. Hematopoietic CSCs can be identified
as CD34+, similar to normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
[0201] The terms "internalize," "internalization," "endocytose,"
"endocytosis," "engulf," and like terms refer to uptake of a
substance by a cell, e.g., by antibody (or receptor)-mediated
endocytosis or phagocytosis. The results of the ADC assays in
Example 5 indicate that the presently disclosed CLL-1 antibodies
can be internalized.
[0202] The terms "engraft" or "engraftment" refers to the ability
of a cell to survive, proliferate, and/or properly localize upon
introduction into an individual or tissue. In the case of a cancer
stem cell (CSC), the term can refer to the ability of the CSC to
generate a tumor de novo or to spread to a different site. The term
is commonly used to describe the ability of a population of cells
to survive and function in a xenograft model (e.g., engraftment of
human cells in a mouse). Engraftment of hematopoietic cells can be
determined as described, e.g., in WO2006/047569. Engraftment of
tumor cells can be determined as described, e.g., in Beckhove et
al. (2003) Int. J. Cancer 105:444.
[0203] The term "nucleic acid" refers to deoxyribonucleotides or
ribonucleotides and polymers thereof in either single- or
double-stranded form, and complements thereof. The term
"polynucleotide" refers to a linear sequence of nucleotides. The
term "nucleotide" typically refers to a single unit of a
polynucleotide, i.e., a monomer. Nucleotides can be naturally
occurring ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides, or synthetic or
modified versions thereof. Examples of polynucleotides contemplated
herein include single and double stranded DNA, single and double
stranded RNA (including siRNA), and hybrid molecules having
mixtures of single and double stranded DNA and RNA.
[0204] The words "complementary" or "complementarity" refer to the
ability of a nucleic acid in a polynucleotide to form a base pair
with another nucleic acid in a second polynucleotide. For example,
the sequence A-G-T is complementary to the sequence T-C-A.
Complementarity may be partial, in which only some of the nucleic
acids match according to base pairing, or complete, where all the
nucleic acids match according to base pairing.
[0205] A variety of methods of specific DNA and RNA measurements
that use nucleic acid hybridization techniques are known to those
of skill in the art (see, Sambrook, Id.). Some methods involve
electrophoretic separation (e.g., Southern blot for detecting DNA,
and Northern blot for detecting RNA), but measurement of DNA and
RNA can also be carried out in the absence of electrophoretic
separation (e.g., quantitative PCR, dot blot, or array).
[0206] The words "protein", "peptide", and "polypeptide" are used
interchangeably to denote an amino acid polymer or a set of two or
more interacting or bound amino acid polymers. The terms apply to
amino acid polymers in which one or more amino acid residue is an
artificial chemical mimetic of a corresponding naturally occurring
amino acid, as well as to naturally occurring amino acid polymers,
those containing modified residues, and non-naturally occurring
amino acid polymer.
[0207] The term "amino acid" refers to naturally occurring amino
acids, modified or synthetic amino acids, as well as amino acid
analogs and amino acid mimetics that function similarly to
naturally occurring amino acids. Naturally occurring amino acids
are those encoded by the genetic code. Modified amino acids
include, e.g., hydroxyproline, .gamma.-carboxyglutamate, and
O-phosphoserine. Amino acid analogs refers to compounds that have
the same basic chemical structure as a naturally occurring amino
acid, e.g., an .alpha. carbon that is bound to a hydrogen, a
carboxyl group, an amino group, and an R group, e.g., homoserine,
norleucine, methionine sulfoxide, methionine methyl sulfonium. Such
analogs may have modified R groups (e.g., norleucine) or modified
peptide backbones, but retain the same basic chemical structure as
a naturally occurring amino acid. Amino acid mimetics refers to
chemical compounds that have a structure that is different from the
general chemical structure of an amino acid, but that functions
similarly to a naturally occurring amino acid.
[0208] Amino acids may be referred to herein by either their
commonly known three letter symbols or by the one-letter symbols
recommended by the IUPAC-IUB Biochemical Nomenclature Commission.
Nucleotides, likewise, may be referred to by their commonly
accepted single-letter codes.
[0209] "Conservatively modified variants" applies to both amino
acid and nucleic acid sequences. With respect to particular nucleic
acid sequences, conservatively modified variants refers to those
nucleic acids which encode identical or essentially identical amino
acid sequences, or where the nucleic acid does not encode an amino
acid sequence, to essentially identical or associated, e.g.,
naturally contiguous, sequences. Because of the degeneracy of the
genetic code, a large number of functionally identical nucleic
acids encode most proteins. For instance, the codons GCA, GCC, GCG
and GCU all encode the amino acid alanine Thus, at every position
where an alanine is specified by a codon, the codon can be altered
to another of the corresponding codons described without altering
the encoded polypeptide. Such nucleic acid variations are "silent
variations," which are one species of conservatively modified
variations. Every nucleic acid sequence herein which encodes a
polypeptide also describes silent variations of the nucleic acid.
One of skill will recognize that in certain contexts each codon in
a nucleic acid (except AUG, which is ordinarily the only codon for
methionine, and TGG, which is ordinarily the only codon for
tryptophan) can be modified to yield a functionally identical
molecule. Accordingly, silent variations of a nucleic acid which
encodes a polypeptide are implicit in a described sequence with
respect to the expression product, but not with respect to actual
probe sequences.
[0210] As to amino acid sequences, one of skill will recognize that
individual substitutions, deletions or additions to a nucleic acid,
peptide, polypeptide, or protein sequence which alters, adds or
deletes a single amino acid or a small percentage of amino acids in
the encoded sequence is a "conservatively modified variant" where
the alteration results in the substitution of an amino acid with a
chemically similar amino acid. Conservative substitution tables
providing functionally similar amino acids are well known in the
art. Such conservatively modified variants are in addition to and
do not exclude polymorphic variants, interspecies homologs, and
alleles of the invention. The following amino acids are typically
conservative substitutions for one another: 1) Alanine (A), Glycine
(G); 2) Aspartic acid (D), Glutamic acid (E); 3) Asparagine (N),
Glutamine (Q); 4) Arginine (R), Lysine (K); 5) Isoleucine (I),
Leucine (L), Methionine (M), Valine (V); 6) Phenylalanine (F),
Tyrosine (Y), Tryptophan (W); 7) Serine (S), Threonine (T); and 8)
Cysteine (C), Methionine (M) (see, e.g., Creighton, Proteins
(1984)).
[0211] The terms "identical" or "percent identity," in the context
of two or more nucleic acids, or two or more polypeptides, refer to
two or more sequences or subsequences that are the same or have a
specified percentage of nucleotides, or amino acids, that are the
same (i.e., about 60% identity, e.g., at least any of 65%, 70%,
75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or
higher identity over a specified region, when compared and aligned
for maximum correspondence over a comparison window or designated
region) as measured using a BLAST or BLAST 2.0 sequence comparison
algorithms with default parameters, or by manual alignment and
visual inspection. See e.g., the NCBI web site at
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST. Such sequences are then said to be
"substantially identical." Percent identity is typically determined
over optimally aligned sequences, so that the definition applies to
sequences that have deletions and/or additions, as well as those
that have substitutions. The algorithms commonly used in the art
account for gaps and the like. Typically, identity exists over a
region comprising an antibody epitope, or a sequence that is at
least about 25 amino acids or nucleotides in length, or over a
region that is 50-100 amino acids or nucleotides in length, or over
the entire length of the reference sequence.
[0212] The term "recombinant" when used with reference, e.g., to a
cell, or nucleic acid, protein, or vector, indicates that the cell,
nucleic acid, protein or vector, has been modified by the
introduction of a heterologous nucleic acid or protein or the
alteration of a native nucleic acid or protein, or that the cell is
derived from a cell so modified. Thus, for example, recombinant
cells express genes that are not found within the native
(non-recombinant) form of the cell or express native genes that are
otherwise abnormally expressed, under expressed or not expressed at
all.
[0213] The term "heterologous," with reference to a polynucleotide
or polypeptide, indicates that the polynucleotide or polypeptide
comprises two or more subsequences that are not found in the same
relationship to each other in nature. For instance, a heterologous
polynucleotide or polypeptide is typically recombinantly produced,
having two or more sequences from unrelated genes arranged to make
a new functional unit, e.g., a promoter from one source and a
coding region from another source. Similarly, a heterologous
protein indicates that the protein comprises two or more
subsequences that are not found in the same relationship to each
other in nature (e.g., a fusion protein).
III. CLL-1 Associated Disorders
[0214] The presently described antibodies can be used to detect and
treat CLL-1 associated disorders, i.e., diseases correlated with
elevated or reduced cell surface expression of CLL-1 as compared to
CLL-1 expression in a standard control (e.g., a normal,
non-disease, non-cancer cell). CLL-1 expression is normally limited
to myeloid lineage cells, e.g., dendritic cells, granulocytes, and
monocytes in the peripheral blood and spleen. Elevated CLL-1 levels
are associated with cancer, in particular, in hematopoietic CSCs
(e.g., LSCs), and in myeloproliferative disorders, including
leukemias such as AML (acute myelogenous or myeloproliferative
leukemia), MDS (myelodysplastic syndrome), myelofibrosis, CMML
(chronic myelomonocytic leukemia), multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma,
and CML (chronic myelogenous or myeloproliferative leukemia). See
Bakker et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64:8443; Van Rhenen et al. (2007)
Blood 110:2659-66; Zhao et al. (2010) Haematologica (2010) 95:71;
Van Rhenen et al. (2007) Leukemia 21:1700; and Herrmann et al.
(2012) Haematologica 97:219.
[0215] AML cells can be characterized and distinguished from other
cells by detecting cell surface marker expression. Aside from being
CLL-1+, AML cells can be CD33+(though some are CD33-), CD45+, and
CDw52+. AML blasts (including LSCs) are typically CD34+CD38-. HSCs
and LSCs can be characterized by expression of CD34, but the former
do not express CLL-1. MDS cells can be characterized by expression
of CD5, CD7, CD13, and CD34. CML cells can be characterized by
expression of 7-ADD, CD33, CD34, and CD38.
[0216] Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) include a group of
closely-related blood formation disorders, in which the bone marrow
shows qualitative and quantitative changes suggestive of a
preleukemic process, but having a chronic course that does not
necessarily terminate as acute leukemia. A variety of terms,
including preleukemia, refractory anemia, refractory
dysmyelopoietic anemia, smoldering or subacute leukemia,
dysmyelopoietic syndrome (DMPS), and myelodysplasia, have all been
used to describe MDS. These conditions are all characterized by a
cellular marrow with impaired maturation (dysmyelopoiesis) and a
reduction in the number of blood cells. DMPS is characterized by
presence of megablastoids, megarkaryocyte dysplasia, and an
increase in number of abnormal blast cells, reflective of enhanced
granulocyte maturation process. Patients with DMPS show chromosomal
abnormalities similar to those found in acute myeloid leukemia and
progress to acute myeloid leukemia in a certain fraction of
afflicted patients.
[0217] Chronic myeloproliferative disorders are a collection of
conditions characterized by increased number of mature and immature
granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. Chronic
myeloproliferative disorders can transition to other forms within
this group, with a tendency to terminate in acute myeloid leukemia.
Specific diseases within this group include polycythemia vera,
chronic myeloid leukemia, agnogenic myeloid leukemia, essential
thrombocythemia, and chronic neutrophilic leukemia.
[0218] Myelofibrosis is characterized by scarring of the bone
marrow that results in reduced number of red and white blood cells,
and platelets. Myelofibrotic scarring can result from leukemia, but
can have other causes, such as thrombocytosis or adverse drug
effects.
IV. CLL-1 Antibodies
[0219] Provided herein are CLL-1 antibodies (i.e., CLL-1 specific
antibodies, anti-CLL-1) that specifically bind to human CLL-1, in
particular to the extracellular domain of a CLL-1 expressing cell.
In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibodies bind an epitope that
includes a component that is outside the C lectin domain such that
the antibodies bind a polypeptide consisting of the C lectin domain
with lower affinity that a polypeptide consisting of the C lectin
and stalk domains of CLL-1, or the extracellular domain of CLL-1.
In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds a polypeptide
consisting of the C-lectin domain of CLL-1 with a Kd at least
5-fold higher than a polypeptide consisting of the C-lectin and
stalk domains of CLL-1 (e.g., any of 10, 20, 50, 100 or higher
fold). For example, the CLL-1 antibodies designated as M26 and M31
bind amino acids 101-265 of human CLL-1 with higher affinity than
amino acids 141-265 of human CLL-1 (with reference to SEQ ID NO:2).
In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds the C lectin domain
with a Kd that is at least 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100-fold higher than
full length CLL-1 (or the full length extracellular domain of
CLL-1).
[0220] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibodies have an affinity
for human CLL-1 with a Kd of 1000 pM or lower, e.g., any of 800 pM,
700 pM, 600 pM, 500 pM, 400 pM, 300 pM, 200 pM, 100 pM, or lower.
In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibodies have an affinity for
human CLL-1 with a Kd of 10 nM or lower, e.g., 1 nM or lower, 1-10
nM, 100-1000 pM, 10-1000 pM, about 1 nM or lower, 1-500 pM. In some
embodiments, the CLL-1 antibodies also bind to primate CLL-1, e.g.,
cynomolgus CLL-1, with Kd that is 10 nM, 1 nM, 500 pM or less. In
some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibodies bind cynomolgus CLL-1 with a
Kd that is within an order of magnitude of the Kd for human CLL-1.
One of skill will understand that lower Kd values indicate higher
affinity.
[0221] In some embodiments, the CCL-1 antibodies bind a broad range
of CLL-1 glycosylation variants. In some embodiments, the CLL-1
antibodies bind a form (e.g., a glycosylation variant) of CLL-1
that is expressed on AML cells. For example, the presently
described CLL-1 antibodies can bind at least any of 65, 70, 75, 80,
85, 90, 95 or higher percent of the cells in an AML cell culture
(e.g., HL60, THP1, and U937 cell lines). In some embodiments, the
CLL-1 antibodies can bind at least any of 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80,
85, 90, 95 or higher percent of the cells in an AML patent sample
(e.g., a PBMC sample or biopsy from an AML patient). One of skill
will understand that, in such a cell binding assay, that an
appropriate concentration of antibody is added, e.g., so that there
are sufficient antibody molecules present to bind the number of
cells in the culture or sample.
[0222] Surprisingly, CLL-1 antibodies described herein can inhibit
growth of CLL-1-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo even in the
absence of a conjugated cytotoxic agent. Given the high percentage
of binding to AML cells from patient samples, the presently
described antibodies provide a useful therapeutic option for AML
patients, as well as those suffering from CLL-1+MDS or CML.
[0223] The CLL-1 antibodies described herein also show complement
dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) activity (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1C) and
antibody drug conjugate (ADC) activity (see Example 5). These CLL-1
antibodies can also thus be used to target CLL-1 expressing cells
for destruction, e.g. in the absence of a conjugated cytotoxic
agent.
[0224] CLL-1 antibodies described herein have unique cell binding
activities compared to previously characterized antibodies. For
example, the presently described antibodies bind an epitope that is
present on a higher percentage of primary cells from AML patients.
These antibodies can be used for detecting cancer cells that
display an epitope that is targeted with high affinity by at least
one of the CLL-1 antibodies disclosed herein. In some embodiments,
those cancer cells can then be targeted for destruction with the
same CLL-1 antibody. Such methods can include treating an
individual having CLL-1 expressing cancer cells comprising
administering the CLL-1 antibody to the individual.
[0225] In some embodiments, the invention includes CLL-1 antibodies
that compete for binding to CLL-1 with a competitor antibody
selected from the group consisting of: [0226] an antibody having
the CDR sequences of M26 (see Example 1, Table 3) [0227] an
antibody having the CDR sequences of M31; [0228] an antibody having
the CDR sequences of G4; [0229] an antibody having the CDR
sequences of M22; [0230] an antibody having the CDR sequences of
M29; [0231] an antibody having the CDR sequences of M2; [0232] an
antibody having the CDR sequences of M5; and [0233] an antibody
having the CDR sequences of G12.
[0234] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibodies competes for
binding to CLL-1 with an antibody selected from the group
consisting of: [0235] an antibody comprising variable region
sequences with substantial identity (at least (85, 90, 95, or 98%
identity) to those of M26 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:4; Vl=SEQ ID NO:6) [0236]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of M31 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:8; Vl=SEQ ID NO:10); [0237]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of G4 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:12; Vl=SEQ ID NO:14); [0238]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of M22 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:16; Vl=SEQ ID NO:18); [0239]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of M29 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:20; Vl=SEQ ID NO:22); [0240]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of M2 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:24; Vl=SEQ ID NO:26); [0241]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of M5 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:28; Vl=SEQ ID NO:30); and
[0242] an antibody comprising variable region sequences with
substantial identity to those of G12 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:32; Vl=SEQ ID
NO:34). In some embodiments, the substantially identical antibody
has the same heavy and light chain CDR sequences as the original
antibody.
[0243] Numerous types of competitive binding assays are known,
including solid phase direct or indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA);
solid phase direct or indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA), sandwich
competition assay (see Stahli et al., Methods in Enzymology
9:242-253 (1983)); solid phase direct biotin-avidin EIA (see
Kirkland et al., J. Immunol. 137:3614-3619 (1986)); solid phase
direct labeled assay; solid phase direct labeled sandwich assay
(see Harlow and Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring
Harbor Press (1988)); solid phase direct label RIA using 1-125
label (see Morel et al., Molec. Immunol. 25(1):7-15 (1988)); solid
phase direct biotin-avidin EIA (Cheung et al., Virology 176:546-552
(1990)); and direct labeled RIA (Moldenhauer et al., Scand. J.
Immunol. 32:77-82 (1990)). Typically, such an assay involves the
use of purified antigen bound to a solid surface or cells bearing
either of these, an unlabelled test immunoglobulin and a labeled
reference immunoglobulin. Competitive inhibition is measured by
determining the amount of label bound to the solid surface or cells
in the presence of the test immunoglobulin. Usually the test
immunoglobulin is present in excess. Antibodies identified by
competition assay (competing antibodies) include antibodies binding
to the same epitope as the reference antibody and antibodies
binding to an adjacent epitope sufficiently proximal to the epitope
bound by the reference antibody for steric hindrance to occur.
Usually, when a competing antibody is present in excess, it will
inhibit specific binding of a reference antibody to a common
antigen by at least 50 or 75%.
[0244] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody binds the same
epitope as an antibody selected from the group consisting of:
[0245] an antibody having the CDR sequences of M26 (see Example 1,
Table 3) [0246] an antibody having the CDR sequences of M31; [0247]
an antibody having the CDR sequences of G4; [0248] an antibody
having the CDR sequences of M22; [0249] an antibody having the CDR
sequences of M29; [0250] an antibody having the CDR sequences of
M2; [0251] an antibody having the CDR sequences of M5; and [0252]
an antibody having the CDR sequences of G12.
[0253] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody has light chain CDR
sequences and heavy chain CDR sequences having up to 1, 2, or 3
amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions/CDR relative to
the CDR sequences of an antibody selected from the group consisting
of M26, M31, G4, M22, M29, M2, M5, and G12. In some embodiments,
the light chain CDR sequences include up to 1, 2, or 3 amino acid
substitutions, additions or deletions/CDR relative to the light
chain CDR sequences of the aforementioned CLL-1 antibodies. In some
embodiments, the heavy chain CDR sequences include up to 1, 2, or 3
amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions/CDR relative to
the heavy chain CDR sequences of the aforementioned CLL-1
antibodies. In some embodiments, substitution, addition or deletion
occurs in only 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 CDRs of the 6 total CDRs.
[0254] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody is selected from the
group consisting of: [0255] an antibody having the CDR sequences of
M26 (see Example 1, Table 3); [0256] an antibody having the CDR
sequences of M31; [0257] an antibody having the CDR sequences of
G4; [0258] an antibody having the CDR sequences of M22; [0259] an
antibody having the CDR sequences of M29; [0260] an antibody having
the CDR sequences of M2; [0261] an antibody having the CDR
sequences of M5; and [0262] an antibody having the CDR sequences of
G12. In some embodiments, any one or more of the CDR sequences
includes 1, 2, or 3 conservative amino acid substitutions compared
to the original antibody CDR sequences.
[0263] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody is selected from the
group consisting of: [0264] an antibody comprising variable region
sequences with substantial identity (at least (85, 90, 95, or 98%
identity) to those of M26 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:4; Vl=SEQ ID NO:6) [0265]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of M31 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:8; Vl=SEQ ID NO:10); [0266]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of G4 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:12; Vl=SEQ ID NO:14); [0267]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of M22 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:16; Vl=SEQ ID NO:18); [0268]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of M29 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:20; Vl=SEQ ID NO:22); [0269]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of M2 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:24; Vl=SEQ ID NO:26); [0270]
an antibody comprising variable region sequences with substantial
identity to those of M5 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:28; Vl=SEQ ID NO:30); and
[0271] an antibody comprising variable region sequences with
substantial identity to those of G12 (Vh=SEQ ID NO:32; Vl=SEQ ID
NO:34).
[0272] In some embodiments, the antibody also has at least one
activity selected from [0273] Binding to human CLL-1 with a Kd of
10 nM or lower, e.g., 1 nM or lower, 1-10 nM, 100-1000 pM, 10-1000
pM, about 1 nM or lower, 1-500 pM, etc.; [0274] An EC50 of 200
ng/ml or less in a CDC assay with HL60 cells or CLL-1 expressing
AML cells from an AML patient; [0275] An EC50 of 100 pM of less in
a ADC assay with HL60 cells or CLL-1 expressing AML cells from an
AML patient; and [0276] Reducing cell growth of CLL-1-expressing
cells (e.g., HL60, AML cells), compared to cell growth in the
absence of the antibody.
[0277] Any of the antibodies described herein can be a chimeric
antibody or a humanized antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody
is a CLL-1-binding antibody fragment, e.g., an Fab. In some
embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody is labeled with a detectable agent,
e.g., as described below. In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody
is attached to a therapeutic agent, e.g., a chemotherapeutic or
cytotoxic agent as described below.
[0278] A. Methods of Making Antibodies
[0279] For preparation of the presently described antibodies, e.g.,
recombinant, monoclonal, or polyclonal antibodies, many techniques
known in the art can be used (see, e.g., Kohler & Milstein,
Nature 256:495-497 (1975); Kozbor et al., Immunology Today 4: 72
(1983); Cole et al., pp. 77-96 in Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer
Therapy, Alan R. Liss, Inc. (1985); Coligan, Current Protocols in
Immunology (1991); Harlow & Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory
Manual (1988); and Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and
Practice (2d ed. 1986)). The genes encoding the heavy and light
chains of an antibody of interest can be cloned from a cell, e.g.,
the genes encoding a monoclonal antibody can be cloned from a
hybridoma and used to produce a recombinant monoclonal antibody.
Gene libraries encoding heavy and light chains of monoclonal
antibodies can also be made from hybridoma or plasma cells. Random
combinations of the heavy and light chain gene products generate a
large pool of antibodies with different antigenic specificity (see,
e.g., Kuby, Immunology (3.sup.rd ed. 1997)). Techniques for the
production of single chain antibodies or recombinant antibodies
(U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,778, U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567) can be adapted
to produce antibodies to polypeptides of this invention. Also,
transgenic mice, or other organisms such as other mammals, can be
used to express humanized or human antibodies (see, e.g., U.S. Pat.
Nos. 5,545,807; 5,545,806; 5,569,825; 5,625,126; 5,633,425;
5,661,016, Marks et al., Bio/Technology 10:779-783 (1992); Lonberg
et al., Nature 368:856-859 (1994); Morrison, Nature 368:812-13
(1994); Fishwild et al., Nature Biotechnology 14:845-51 (1996);
Neuberger, Nature Biotechnology 14:826 (1996); and Lonberg &
Huszar, Intern. Rev. Immunol. 13:65-93 (1995)). Alternatively,
phage display technology can be used to identify antibodies and
heteromeric Fab fragments that specifically bind to selected
antigens (see, e.g., McCafferty et al., Nature 348:552-554 (1990);
Marks et al., Biotechnology 10:779-783 (1992)). Antibodies can also
be made bispecific, i.e., able to recognize two different antigens
(see, e.g., WO 93/08829, Traunecker et al., EMBO J. 10:3655-3659
(1991); and Suresh et al., Methods in Enzymology 121:210 (1986)).
Antibodies can also be heteroconjugates, e.g., two covalently
joined antibodies, or immunotoxins (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.
4,676,980, WO 91/00360; WO 92/200373; and EP 03089).
[0280] Antibodies can be produced using any number of expression
systems, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems.
In some embodiments, the expression system is a mammalian cell
expression, such as a hybridoma, or a CHO cell expression system.
Many such systems are widely available from commercial suppliers.
In embodiments in which an antibody comprises both a V.sub.H and
V.sub.L region, the V.sub.H and V.sub.L regions may be expressed
using a single vector, e.g., in a di-cistronic expression unit, or
under the control of different promoters. In other embodiments, the
V.sub.H and V.sub.L region may be expressed using separate vectors.
A V.sub.H or V.sub.L region as described herein may optionally
comprise a methionine at the N-terminus.
[0281] An antibody of the invention can also be produced in various
formats, including as a Fab, a Fab', a F(ab').sub.2, a scFv, or a
dAB. The antibody fragments can be obtained by a variety of
methods, including, digestion of an intact antibody with an enzyme,
such as pepsin (to generate (Fab').sub.2 fragments) or papain (to
generate Fab fragments); or de novo synthesis. Antibody fragments
can also be synthesized using recombinant DNA methodology. In some
embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody comprises F(ab').sub.2 fragments
that specifically bind CLL-1. An antibody of the invention can also
include a human constant region. See, e.g., Fundamental Immunology
(Paul ed., 4d ed. 1999); Bird, et al., Science 242:423 (1988); and
Huston, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879 (1988).
[0282] Methods for humanizing non-human antibodies (i.e., using
CDRs from non-human antibodies) are also known in the art.
Generally, a humanized antibody has one or more amino acid residues
from a source which is non-human. These non-human amino acid
residues are often referred to as import residues, which are
typically taken from an import variable domain. Humanization can be
essentially performed following the method of Winter and co-workers
(see, e.g., Jones et al., Nature 321:522-525 (1986); Riechmann et
al., Nature 332:323-327 (1988); Verhoeyen et al., Science
239:1534-1536 (1988) and Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol. 2:593-596
(1992)), by substituting rodent CDRs or CDR sequences for the
corresponding sequences of a human antibody. Such humanized
antibodies are chimeric antibodies (U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567),
wherein substantially less than an intact human variable domain has
been substituted by the corresponding sequence from a non-human
species. In practice, humanized antibodies are typically human
antibodies in which some CDR residues and possibly some FR residues
are substituted by residues from analogous sites in rodent
antibodies.
[0283] In some cases, the antibody or antibody fragment can be
conjugated to another molecule, e.g., polyethylene glycol
(PEGylation) or serum albumin, to provide an extended half-life in
vivo. Examples of PEGylation of antibody fragments are provided in
Knight et al. Platelets 15:409, 2004 (for abciximab); Pedley et
al., Br. J. Cancer 70:1126, 1994 (for an anti-CEA antibody);
Chapman et al., Nature Biotech. 17:780, 1999; and Humphreys, et
al., Protein Eng. Des. 20: 227, 2007). The antibody or antibody
fragment can also be labeled, or conjugated to a therapeutic agent
as described below.
[0284] B. Binding Affinity
[0285] The specificity of the binding can be defined in terms of
the comparative dissociation constants (Kd) of the antibody (or
other targeting moiety) for target, as compared to the dissociation
constant with respect to the antibody and other materials in the
environment or unrelated molecules in general. Typically, the Kd
for the antibody with respect to the unrelated material will be at
least 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 50-fold,
100-fold, 200-fold or higher than Kd with respect to the
target.
[0286] The desired affinity for an antibody, e.g., high (pM to low
nM), medium (low nM to 100 nM), or low (about 100 nM or higher),
may differ depending upon whether it is being used as a diagnostic
or therapeutic. Without being limited to theory, in one example, an
antibody with medium affinity may be more successful in localizing
to a tumor as compared to one with a high affinity. Thus,
antibodies having different affinities can be used for diagnostic
and therapeutic applications.
[0287] A targeting moiety will typically bind with a Kd of less
than about 1000 nM, e.g., less than 250, 100, 50, 20 or lower nM.
In some embodiments, the Kd of the affinity agent is less than 15,
10, 5, or 1 nM. In some embodiments, the Kd is 1-100 nM, 0.1-50 nM,
0.1-10 nM, or 1-20 nM. The value of the dissociation constant (Kd)
can be determined by well-known methods, and can be computed even
for complex mixtures by methods as disclosed, e.g., in Caceci et
al., Byte (1984) 9:340-362.
[0288] Affinity of an antibody, or any targeting agent, for a
target can be determined according to methods known in the art,
e.g., as reviewed in Ernst et al. Determination of Equilibrium
Dissociation Constants, Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies (Wiley
& Sons ed. 2009).
[0289] Quantitative ELISA, and similar array-based affinity methods
can be used. ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent signaling assay) is
an antibody-based method. In some cases, an antibody specific for
target of interest is affixed to a substrate, and contacted with a
sample suspected of containing the target. The surface is then
washed to remove unbound substances. Target binding can be detected
in a variety of ways, e.g., using a second step with a labeled
antibody, direct labeling of the target, or labeling of the primary
antibody with a label that is detectable upon antigen binding. In
some cases, the antigen is affixed to the substrate (e.g., using a
substrate with high affinity for proteins, or a Strepavidin-biotin
interaction) and detected using a labeled antibody (or other
targeting moiety). Several permutations of the original ELISA
methods have been developed and are known in the art (see Lequin
(2005) Clin. Chem. 51:2415-18 for a review).
[0290] The Kd, Kon, and Koff can also be determined using surface
plasmon resonance (SPR), e.g., as measured by using a Biacore T100
system. SPR techniques are reviewed, e.g., in Hahnfeld et al.
Determination of Kinetic Data Using SPR Biosensors, Molecular
Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases (2004). In a typical SPR
experiment, one interactant (target or targeting agent) is
immobilized on an SPR-active, gold-coated glass slide in a flow
cell, and a sample containing the other interactant is introduced
to flow across the surface. When light of a given frequency is
shined on the surface, the changes to the optical reflectivity of
the gold indicate binding, and the kinetics of binding.
[0291] Binding affinity can also be determined by anchoring a
biotinylated interactant to a streptaviden (SA) sensor chip. The
other interactant is then contacted with the chip and detected,
e.g., as described in Abdessamad et al. (2002) Nuc. Acids Res.
30:e45.
[0292] C. Determining CLL-1 Epitope
[0293] The site of antibody binding to CLL-1 can be mapped using
known techniques for epitope mapping. One of skill will appreciate
that the approach used for epitope mapping can vary depending on
the antigen, e.g., where it is expressed in the cell,
post-translational modifications of the primary polypeptide
sequence, and differences between antigen structure on different
cells or in different environments.
[0294] CLL-1 is a transmembrane protein with approximately 200
extracellular amino acids. The extracellular domain is
glycosylated, and includes a C lectin domain. The epitope for a
CLL-1 antibody can be determined or partially determined by varying
the primary sequence or glycosylation state of CLL-1, and comparing
the affinity of the CLL-1 antibody to the different variants of
CLL-1.
[0295] Such epitope mapping can be carried out in vitro, e.g., by
screening phage display libraries or synthetic peptide libraries,
e.g., using beads or other solid matrices. Linear epitopes are
typically about six amino acids, though this can vary somewhat. In
order to mimic linear epitopes present in a protein, synthetic
peptides can be made corresponding to the sequence. In some
embodiments, this sequence is extended on the N and/or C terminals
to provide additional amino acid residues that are present in the
flanking sequences in the protein. This can more closely mimic the
primary, and to a certain extent, the secondary structure
environment of the epitope. Additionally, residues including but
not limited to one or more glycines or gamma amino butyric acid,
can be appended to either terminus to provide a spacer to minimize
steric interactions with, for example, a solid phase used in an
immunoassay. Spacer length is often varied to determine empirically
the best structure.
[0296] Because of the variable nature of the epitope and the
potential effects due to the flanking sequences, in some
embodiments, one can use peptides that vary in length by extending
the N or C terminals by a certain number of residues. Another
approach utilizes repeating peptide epitopes, or alternating
epitopes with intervening spacer residues. The length of these
peptides is often varied according to the number of repeating units
desired.
[0297] One approach for epitope mapping is to synthesize
overlapping peptides, for example 20 residues in length, with a six
residue overlap, which cover the primary sequence of the CLL-1
extracellular region. If such peptide screening is used to map the
epitope, peptides can be modified to overcome the undesirable
interactions with solid phase supports used in immunoassays. One
way is to substitute hydrophobic residues in the peptide with
hydrophilic ones, in order to reduce or minimize the hydrophobic
interactions, and increased peptide accessibility. Similarly,
charged peptide residues can be substituted with noncharged
residues to eliminate ionic interactions with the solid phase.
Peptides can also be modified by adding spacer groups of a variety
of structures to position the peptide epitope further from the
solid phase and minimize steric hindrance.
[0298] Peptides can be synthesized to reflect post-translational
modifications that are present on the native protein, or the native
protein on targeted cells. Modifications include but are not
limited to glycosylation and phosphorylation at specific sites in
the protein.
[0299] Another approach for determining the epitope is to express
CLL-1 variants in cells, and compare CLL-1 antibody affinities
between the different variants. The CLL-1 variants can be designed
as described for the peptide studies. In addition, glycosylated
residues (e.g., asparagine, arginine, serine, threonine, tyrosine)
can be substituted to determine whether the epitope includes a
glycosylation site. Similarly, phosphorylated residues (serine,
threonine, tyrosine) can be substituted.
[0300] The epitope can also be determined or partially determined
by comparing antibody affinity for different types of CLL-1
expressing cells. For example, antibody affinity can be determined
and compared for primary AML cells, e.g., AML blasts and engrafted
AML tumor cells; for AML cell lines, for other non-cancerous
myeloid cells, etc.
[0301] D. CDC, ADCC, and ADC Assays
[0302] The presently described antibodies are effective for Cell
dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), Antibody dependent cell-mediated
cytotoxicity (ADCC), and Antibody drug conjugate cytotoxicity (ADC)
of cells that express CLL-1. Exemplary cells that express CLL-1
include cell lines that express heterologous, recombinant CLL-1
(e.g., human CLL-1); human AML cell lines such as HL60, THP1,
TF1-alpha, U937, and OCI AML-5 (the first four of which are
available from ATCC); primary cells from one or more AML patients
(e.g., PBMC or engrafted tumor cells); human CML cell lines such as
K562 and KU812 (available from ATCC); and primary cells from one or
more CML or MDS patients.
[0303] An antibody is described as having CDC activity and
mediating CDC if it results in complement dependent killing of
cells that express the antibody target. CDC assays are known in the
art, and are described, e.g., in Gazzano-Santoro et al. (1997) J.
Immunol. Methods 202:163; Idusogie et al. (2000) J. Immunol.
164:4178; and in Example 6 below. CDC kits and services are
commercially available, e.g. from GeneScript.RTM. and Cell
Technology Inc.
[0304] In brief, the assay is typically carried out in vitro, and
includes antibody binding to a cell expressing the antibody target
on its surface. Complement components, including C1q which binds to
the Ch region of the antibody, are added. The complement components
then interact to kill the targeted cell. CDC is measured after a
period of incubation of generally between 4 and 24 hours, for
example, by determining the release of intracellular enzyme or
granules known to be present in the targeted cell, by comparing the
starting and ending target cell population, etc.
[0305] An antibody is described as having ADCC activity and
mediating ADCC if it results in killing of antibody-bound cells
(e.g., CLL-1 expressing cells) by effector cells. Effector cells
are typically natural killer cells, but can also be macrophages,
neutrophils, or eosinophils. Genetically engineered effector cell
lines have also been developed for use in ADCC assays (see, e.g.,
Schnueriger et al. (2011) Mol. Immunol. 48:1512). ADCC assays are
known in the art, and are described, e.g., in Perussia and Loza
(2000) Methods in Mol. Biol. 121:179; Bretaudeau and Bonnaudet
(2011) BMC Proceedings 5(Suppl 8):P63; and in Example 12 below.
ADCC kits and services are commercially available, e.g. from
GeneScript.RTM. and Promega.RTM..
[0306] In brief, the assay is typically carried out in vitro, and
includes antibody binding to a cell expressing the antibody target
on its surface. Effector cells are added that recognize
antibody-bound cells, typically through an Fc receptor such as
CD16. The effector cells kill the antibody-bound cell, e.g., by
releasing cytotoxins that cause apoptosis. Cell death is detected
by release of a detectable element within the target cells (e.g.,
Cr51) or by detection of an element involved in the cell mediated
toxicity (e.g., activation of NFAT signaling in effector
cells).
[0307] An antibody is described as having antibody-drug conjugate
(ADC) activity (or mediating ADC) if the antibody, when conjugated
with a cytotoxic agent (drug), results in killing (inhibiting
survival) a cell that expresses the target of the antibody, in this
case, CLL-1. Appropriate cytotoxic agents are known in the art,
e.g., saporin, doxorubicin, daunomycin, vinca-alkaloids, taxoids,
tubulin agents (e.g., Maytansin, auristatin), and DNA agents (e.g.,
calicheamicin, duocarmycin, pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers), etc. ADC
assays are known in the art, e.g., as described in Gerber et al.
(2009) 3:247, and in the Examples below.
[0308] E. Internalization
[0309] The CLL-1 antibodies described herein can be internalized
into CLL-1-expressing cells, including CLL-1 AML cells. That is, a
CLL-1 expressing cell can internalize the antibodies described
herein. The CLL-1 antibodies described herein provide an effective
means for targeting such cells, e.g., with detectable or cytotoxic
conjugates.
[0310] The percent internalization and internalization rate of an
antibody can be evaluated by using methods known in the art,
including, e.g., flow cytometry (FACS) and confocal fluorescent
microscopy. Such methods are described, e.g., in Lue et al. (2007)
Nature Protocols (Nature Med. 13:587-96); Cho et al. (2010)
Biomacromolecules and Corbani et al. (2004) Endocrinology
145:2876-85, and as described herein.
[0311] For FACS and confocal microscopy, cells are incubated with a
fluorescently-labeled targeting agent, e.g., antibody. The cells
are typically selected to express the target of the labeled
antibody, e.g., CLL-1. Control cells can then be used that do not
express the target. Internalization typically occurs at 37.degree.
C., but not at 4.degree. C., which provides another control for the
reaction. The cells can thus be contacted with the labeled agent
and incubated at 37.degree. C. or 4.degree. C. (e.g., to detect
binding without internalization).
[0312] Unbound, and surface-bound agent is removed by washing the
cells, e.g., in an acid wash, followed by wash with a buffer at
normal pH.
[0313] If adherent cells are used, the cells are removed from
substrate prior to flow cytometry. The percentage of fluorescent
cells indicates the percent internalization of the
fluorescently-labeled agent. Percent internalization can also be
expressed, e.g., as a percent of initial labeled agent added to the
cells.
[0314] Internalization of an agent can also be evaluated by
determining the localization of the fluorescently labeled agent by
confocal microscopy. Methods of using confocal microscopy to
determine internalization are described in, e.g., Xiao et al.
(2008) Chem. Eur. J., 14:1769-1775. Briefly, the cells are
contacted with labeled agent and incubated as described above.
Following incubation, the cells can be incubated on ice, washed in
PBS buffer at 4.degree. C., treated with 0.25% trypsin (to remove
from substrate, if applicable). The cell suspension can then be
applied to slides for confocal fluorescent microscopy. Suitable
confocal microscopes include the FV500-IX81 confocal microscope
(Olympus America Inc.; Center Valley, Pa.) and Eclipse Ti-E (Nikon
Instruments Inc.; Melville, N.Y.).
V. Diagnostic Applications
[0315] The CLL-1 antibodies described herein specifically bind
CLL-1-expressing cells. CLL-1 antibodies can thus be used for in
vitro and in vivo diagnostic assays to detect CLL-1-expressing
cells (e.g., AML cells and AML CSCs). For example, a sample (e.g.,
blood sample or tissue biopsy) can be obtained from a patient and
contacted with a CLL-1 antibody, and the presence of a
CLL-1-expressing cell in the patient sample can be determined by
detecting antibody binding. Antibody binding can be detected
directly (e.g., where the antibody itself is labeled) or by using a
second detection agent, such as a secondary antibody. The
detectable label can be associated with an antibody of the
invention, either directly, or indirectly, e.g., via a chelator or
linker.
[0316] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody is contacted with a
biological sample from an individual having or suspected of having
a CLL-1 associated disorder, and antibody binding to a cell in the
sample is determined, wherein higher or lower than normal antibody
binding indicates that the individual has a CLL-1 associated
disorder. In some embodiments, the biological sample is a blood
sample or blood fraction (e.g., serum, plasma, platelets, red blood
cells, white blood cells, PBMCs). In some embodiments, the
biological sample is a tissue sample (biopsy), e.g., from a
suspected tumor site, or from a tissue that is known to be
affected, e.g., to determine the boundaries of a known tumor.
[0317] Biopsies are typically performed to obtain samples from
tissues, i.e., non-fluid cell types. The biopsy technique applied
will depend on the tissue type to be evaluated (e.g., breast, skin,
colon, prostate, kidney, lung, bladder, lymph node, liver, bone
marrow, airway or lung). In the case of a cancer the technique will
also depend on the size and type of the tumor (e.g., solid,
suspended, or blood), among other factors. Representative biopsy
techniques include, but are not limited to, excisional biopsy,
incisional biopsy, needle biopsy, surgical biopsy, and bone marrow
biopsy. An "excisional biopsy" refers to the removal of an entire
tumor mass with a small margin of normal tissue surrounding it. An
"incisional biopsy" refers to the removal of a wedge of tissue that
includes a cross-sectional diameter of the tumor. A diagnosis or
prognosis made by endoscopy or fluoroscopy can require a
"core-needle biopsy" of the tumor mass, or a "fine-needle
aspiration biopsy" which generally obtains a suspension of cells
from within the tumor mass. Biopsy techniques are discussed, for
example, in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Kasper, et
al., eds., 16th ed., 2005, Chapter 70, and throughout Part V.
[0318] Any method of detecting antibody binding to a cell in a
sample can be used for the present diagnostic assays. Methods of
detecting antibody binding are well known in the art, e.g., flow
cytometry, fluorescent microscopy, ELISAs, etc. In some
embodiments, the method comprises preparing the biological sample
for detection prior to the determining step. For example, a
subpopulation of cells (e.g., white blood cells, CD34+ cells, CD45+
cells, etc.) can be separated from the rest of the sample from the
individual (e.g., other blood components) or cells in a tissue can
be suspended for easier detection.
[0319] In some embodiments, the percentage of CLL-1-expressing
cells in the sample is determined and compared to a control, e.g.,
a sample from an individual or group of individuals that are known
to have a CLL-1 associated disorder (positive control) or from an
individual or group of individuals that are known not to have a
CLL-1 associated disorder (normal, healthy, non-disease, or
negative control). In some embodiments, the control is a standard
range of CLL-1 expression established for a given tissue. A higher
or lower than normal percentage of CLL-1 expressing cells, or
higher or lower expression level, indicates that the individual has
a CLL-1 associated disorder.
[0320] In some embodiments, a labeled CLL-1 antibody can be
provided (administered) to an individual to determine the
applicability of an intended therapy. For example, a labeled
antibody may be used to detect CLL-1 density within a diseased
area, where the density is typically high relative to non-diseased
tissue. A labeled antibody can also indicate that the diseased area
is accessible for therapy. Patients can thus be selected for
therapy based on imaging results. Anatomical characterization, such
as determining the precise boundaries of a cancer, can be
accomplished using standard imaging techniques (e.g., CT scanning,
MRI, PET scanning, etc.).
[0321] In some embodiments, labeled CLL-1 antibodies as described
herein can be further associated with a therapeutic compound, e.g.,
to form a "theranostic" composition. For example, an CLL-1 antibody
can be linked (directly or indirectly) to both a detectable label
and a therapeutic agent, e.g., a cytotoxic agent to kill
CLL-1-expressing cancer cells. In some embodiments, a labeled CLL-1
antibody is used for diagnosis and/or localization of a CLL-1
expressing cancer cell, and the CLL-1 expressing cancer cell is
then targeted with a separate therapeutic CLL-1 specific antibody.
In some embodiments, the diagnostic CLL-1 specific antibody is one
that is not internalized into CLL-1-expressing cells at a high rate
or percentage. In some embodiments, the therapeutic CLL-1 antibody
is internalized into CLL-1-expressing cells at a high rate or
percentage.
[0322] A. Labels
[0323] A diagnostic agent comprising a CLL-1 antibody can include
any diagnostic agent known in the art, as provided, for example, in
the following references: Armstrong et al., Diagnostic Imaging,
5.sup.th Ed., Blackwell Publishing (2004); Torchilin, V. P., Ed.,
Targeted Delivery of Imaging Agents, CRC Press (1995);
Vallabhajosula, S., Molecular Imaging: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET
and SPECT, Springer (2009). A diagnostic agent can be detected by a
variety of ways, including as an agent providing and/or enhancing a
detectable signal. Detectable signals include, but are not limited
to, gamma-emitting, radioactive, echogenic, optical, fluorescent,
absorptive, magnetic, or tomography signals. Techniques for imaging
the diagnostic agent can include, but are not limited to, single
photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI), optical imaging, positron emission tomography (PET),
computed tomography (CT), x-ray imaging, gamma ray imaging, and the
like. The terms "detectable agent," "detectable moiety," "label,"
"imaging agent," and like terms are used synonymously herein.
[0324] In some embodiments, the label can include optical agents
such as fluorescent agents, phosphorescent agents, chemiluminescent
agents, and the like. Numerous agents (e.g., dyes, probes, labels,
or indicators) are known in the art and can be used in the present
invention. (See, e.g., Invitrogen, The Handbook--A Guide to
Fluorescent Probes and Labeling Technologies, Tenth Edition
(2005)). Fluorescent agents can include a variety of organic and/or
inorganic small molecules or a variety of fluorescent proteins and
derivatives thereof. For example, fluorescent agents can include
but are not limited to cyanines, phthalocyanines, porphyrins,
indocyanines, rhodamines, phenoxazines, phenylxanthenes,
phenothiazines, phenoselenazines, fluoresceins, benzoporphyrins,
squaraines, dipyrrolo pyrimidones, tetracenes, quinolines,
pyrazines, corrins, croconiums, acridones, phenanthridines,
rhodamines, acridines, anthraquinones, chalcogenopyrylium
analogues, chlorins, naphthalocyanines, methine dyes, indolenium
dyes, azo compounds, azulenes, azaazulenes, triphenyl methane dyes,
indoles, benzoindoles, indocarbocyanines, benzoindocarbocyanines,
and BODIPY.TM. derivatives. Fluorescent dyes are discussed, for
example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,452,720, U.S. Pat. No. 5,227,487, and
U.S. Pat. No. 5,543,295.
[0325] The label can also be a radioisotope, e.g., radionuclides
that emit gamma rays, positrons, beta and alpha particles, and
X-rays. Suitable radionuclides include but are not limited to
.sup.225Ac, .sup.72As, .sup.211At, .sup.11B, .sup.128Ba,
.sup.212Bi, .sup.75Br, .sup.77Br, .sup.14C, .sup.109Cd, .sup.62Cu,
.sup.64Cu, .sup.67Cu, .sup.18F, .sup.67Ga, .sup.68Ga, .sup.3H,
.sup.166Ho, .sup.123I, .sup.124I, .sup.125I, .sup.130I, .sup.131I,
.sup.111In, .sup.177Lu, .sup.13N, .sup.15O, .sup.32P, .sup.33P,
.sup.212Pb, .sup.103Pd, .sup.186Re, .sup.188Re, .sup.47Sc,
.sup.153Sm, .sup.89Sr, .sup.99mTc, .sup.88Y and .sup.90Y. In some
embodiments, radioactive agents can include .sup.111In-DTPA,
.sup.99mTc(CO).sub.3-DTPA, .sup.99mTc(CO).sub.3-ENPy2,
.sup.62/64/67Cu-TETA, .sup.99mTc(CO).sub.3-IDA, and
.sup.99mTc(CO).sub.3triamines (cyclic or linear). In some
embodiments, the agents can include DOTA and its various analogs
with .sup.111In, .sup.177Lu, .sup.153Sm, .sup.88/90Y,
.sup.62/64/67Cu, or .sup.67/68Ga. In some embodiments, a
nanoparticle can be labeled by incorporation of lipids attached to
chelates, such as DTPA-lipid, as provided in the following
references: Phillips et al., Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews:
Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 1(1): 69-83 (2008); Torchilin,
V. P. & Weissig, V., Eds. Liposomes 2nd Ed.: Oxford Univ. Press
(2003); Elbayoumi, T. A. & Torchilin, V. P., Eur. J. Nucl. Med.
Mol. Imaging 33:1196-1205 (2006); Mougin-Degraef, M. et al., Int'l
J. Pharmaceutics 344:110-117 (2007).
[0326] In some embodiments, the diagnostic agent can be associated
with a secondary binding ligand or to an enzyme (an enzyme tag)
that will generate a colored product upon contact with a
chromogenic substrate. Examples of suitable enzymes include urease,
alkaline phosphatase, (horseradish) hydrogen peroxidase and glucose
oxidase. Secondary binding ligands include, e.g., biotin and avidin
or streptavidin compounds as known in the art.
[0327] In some embodiments, the labeled antibody can be further
associated to a composition that improves stability in vivo, e.g.
PEG or a nanoparticle such as a liposome, as described in more
detail below.
[0328] B. Methods of Labeling
[0329] Techniques for conjugating detectable and therapeutic agents
to antibodies are well known (see, e.g., Arnon et al., "Monoclonal
Antibodies For Immunotargeting Of Drugs In Cancer Therapy", in
Monoclonal Antibodies And Cancer Therapy, Reisfeld et al. (eds.),
pp. 243-56 (Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1985); Hellstrom et al., "Antibodies
For Drug Delivery" in Controlled Drug Delivery (2nd Ed.), Robinson
et al. (eds.), pp. 623-53 (Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1987); Thorpe,
"Antibody Carriers Of Cytotoxic Agents In Cancer Therapy: A Review"
in Monoclonal Antibodies '84: Biological And Clinical Applications,
Pinchera et al. (eds.), pp. 475-506 (1985); and Thorpe et al., "The
Preparation And Cytotoxic Properties Of Antibody-Toxin Conjugates",
Immunol. Rev., 62:119-58 (1982)).
[0330] Typically, the antibody is attached to detectable moiety in
an area that does not interfere with binding to the epitope. Thus
in some cases, the detectable moiety is attached to the constant
region, or outside the CDRs in the variable region. One of skill in
the art will recognize that the detectable moiety can be located
elsewhere on the antibody, and the position of the detectable
moiety can be adjusted accordingly. In some embodiments, the
ability of the antibody to associate with the epitope is compared
before and after attachment to the detectable moiety to ensure that
the attachment does not unduly disrupt binding.
[0331] In some embodiments, the antibody can be associated with an
additional targeting moiety. For example, an antibody fragment,
peptide, or aptamer that binds a different site on the target
molecule or target cell can be conjugated to the antibody to
optimize target binding, e.g., to a cancer cell.
VI. Therapeutic Applications
[0332] CLL-1-expressing cells such as AML cells can be targeted
using the CLL-1 antibodies described herein. CLL-1 expression is
elevated on AML cells and CSCs (e.g., AML CSCs). CLL-1 is not
significantly expressed on normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells
(HSCs), thus CSCs can be distinguished from HSCs using the present
CLL-1 antibodies. High affinity CLL-1 antibodies that recognize a
CLL-1 epitope common to AML cells, and thus able to universally
bind to AML cells, is particularly valuable, as AML has a very high
rate of recurrence. As noted above, a therapeutic composition
comprising CLL-1 antibody can further include a detectable label to
form a theranostic composition, e.g., for detection and
localization of CLL-1 expressing cells, and monitoring of
therapeutic effect.
[0333] As demonstrated herein, the present CLL-1 antibodies can
inhibit cancer cell growth (proliferation and/or engraftment) and
thus can be considered chemotherapeutic agents alone. The following
disclosure provides examples of chemotherapeutic and cytotoxic
agents that can be linked to CLL-1 antibody for additional effect
on CLL-1-expressing cells.
[0334] A chemotherapeutic (anti-cancer) agent can be any agent
capable of reducing cancer growth, interfering with cancer cell
replication, directly or indirectly killing cancer cells, reducing
metastasis, reducing tumor blood supply, etc. Chemotherapeutic
agents thus include cytotoxic agents. Cytotoxic agents include but
are not limited to saporin, taxanes, vinca alkaloids,
anthracycline, and platinum-based agents. Classes of
chemotherapeutic agents include but are not limited to alkylating
agents, antimetabolites, e.g, methotrexate, plant alkaloids, e.g.,
vincristine, and antibiotics, e.g., doxorubicin as well as
miscellaneous drugs that do not fall in to a particular class such
as hydroxyurea. Platinum-based drugs, exemplified by cisplatin and
oxaliplatin, represent a major class of chemotherapeutics. These
drugs bind to DNA and interfere with replication. Taxanes,
exemplified by taxol, represent another major class of
chemotherapeutics. These compounds act by interfering with
cytoskeletal and spindle formation to inhibit cell division, and
thereby prevent growth of rapidly dividing cancer cells. Other
chemotherapeutic drugs include hormonal therapy.
[0335] More than one therapeutic agent can be combined, either in
the same composition, or in separate compositions. The therapeutic
agent(s) can also be combined with additional therapeutic agents as
appropriate for the particular individual. Common therapeutic
agents provided to cancer patients include medications to address
pain, nausea, anemia, infection, inflammation, and other symptoms
commonly experienced by cancer patients.
[0336] Antibodies can be attached to a therapeutic agent,
detectable agent, or nanocarrier using a variety of known
cross-linking agents. Methods for covalent or non-covalent
attachment of polypeptides are well known in the art. Such methods
may include, but are not limited to, use of chemical cross-linkers,
photoactivated cross-linkers and/or bifunctional cross-linking
reagents. Exemplary methods for cross-linking molecules are
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,603,872 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,401,511.
Non-limiting examples of cross-linking reagents include
glutaraldehyde, bifunctional oxirane, ethylene glycol diglycidyl
ether, carbodiimides such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)
carbodiimide or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, bisimidates,
dinitrobenzene, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of suberic acid,
disuccinimidyl tartarate, dimethyl-3,3'-dithio-bispropionimidate,
azidoglyoxal, N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate and
4-(bromoadminoethyl)-2-nitrophenylazide.
[0337] In some embodiments, the CLL-1 antibody is associated with a
nanocarrier. For antibodies conjugated to nanocarriers (e.g.,
liposomes), a certain number of antibodies will be present on the
surface, i.e., at a given surface density. In some embodiments, the
nanocarrier will have at least 5 antibodies per nanocarrier, e.g.,
at least 10, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100 or higher antibodies per
nanocarrier. One of skill in the art will understand that surface
density represents an average range, as the number of antibodies
per nanocarrier will not be absolutely uniform for all members of
the population.
[0338] Nanocarriers include vesicles such as liposomes and
micelles, as well as polymeric nanoparticles, etc. Nanocarriers are
useful for delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, but can
be particularly useful for shielding cytotoxic agents used to treat
cancer. The nanocarrier can comprise lipids (e.g., phospholipids),
hydrophilic polymers, hydrophobic polymers, amphipatic compounds,
cross-linked polymers, and a polymeric matrix (see, e.g.,
WO2009/110939). Depending on the application, the nanocarrier can
be designed to have a particular size, half-life, shelf life, and
leakage rate.
[0339] Preparation of nanocarriers, such as an antibody targeted
liposome, polymeric nanoparticle, or extended shelf-life liposome,
is described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,465,188, 7,122,202,
7,462,603 and 7,550,441.
[0340] In some embodiments, the antibody is linked to a stabilizing
moiety such as PEG, or a liposome or other nanocarrier. U.S. Pat.
Nos. 4,732,863 and 7,892,554 and Chattopadhyay et al. (2010) Mol
Pharm 7:2194 describe methods for attaching the selected antibody
to PEG, PEG derivatives, and nanoparticles (e.g., liposomes).
Liposomes containing phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE) can be prepared
by established procedures as described herein. The inclusion of PE
provides an active functional site on the liposomal surface for
attachment.
[0341] The antibody conjugate can also be formulated to provide
more than one active compound, e.g., additional chemotherapeutic or
cytotoxic agents, cytokines, or growth inhibitory agents. The
active ingredients may also prepared as sustained-release
preparations (e.g., semi-permeable matrices of solid hydrophobic
polymers (e.g., polyesters, hydrogels (for example, poly
(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate), or poly (vinylalcohol)),
polylactides. The antibodies and immunocongugates can be entrapped
in a nanoparticle prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques
or by interfacial polymerization, for example,
hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin microcapsules and
poly-(methylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively, in colloidal
drug delivery systems (for example, liposomes, albumin
microspheres, microemulsions, nanoparticles and nanocapsules) or in
macroemulsions.
[0342] The CLL-1 antibodies described herein can kill
CLL-1-expressing cells alone, or in combination with a cytotoxic
agent. In some embodiments, the method of treatment comprises
administering to an individual an effective amount of a therapeutic
CLL-1 antibody or CLL-1 antibody conjugate, e.g., a CLL-1 antibody
attached to a therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the
individual has been diagnosed with cancer, e.g., AML. In some
embodiments, the individual is receiving or has received cancer
therapy, e.g., surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. In some
embodiments, the individual has been diagnosed, but the cancer is
in remission.
[0343] In some embodiments, the method further comprises monitoring
the individual for progression of the cancer. In some embodiments,
the dose of the CLL-1 antibody or CLL-1 antibody conjugate for each
administration is determined based on the therapeutic progress of
the individual, e.g., where a higher dose of chemotherapeutic is
administered if the individual is not responding sufficiently to
therapy.
[0344] In some embodiments, the invention can include an antibody
or antibody-targeted composition and a physiologically (i.e.,
pharmaceutically) acceptable carrier. The term "carrier" refers to
a typically inert substance used as a diluent or vehicle for a
diagnostic or therapeutic agent. The term also encompasses a
typically inert substance that imparts cohesive qualities to the
composition. Physiologically acceptable carriers can be liquid,
e.g., physiological saline, phosphate buffer, normal buffered
saline (135-150 mM NaCl), water, buffered water, 0.4% saline, 0.3%
glycine, glycoproteins to provide enhanced stability (e.g.,
albumin, lipoprotein, globulin, etc.), and the like. Since
physiologically acceptable carriers are determined in part by the
particular composition being administered as well as by the
particular method used to administer the composition, there are a
wide variety of suitable formulations of pharmaceutical
compositions of the present invention (See, e.g., Remington's
Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17.sup.th ed., 1989).
[0345] The compositions of the present invention may be sterilized
by conventional, well-known sterilization techniques or may be
produced under sterile conditions. Aqueous solutions can be
packaged for use or filtered under aseptic conditions and
lyophilized, the lyophilized preparation being combined with a
sterile aqueous solution prior to administration. The compositions
can contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances as
required to approximate physiological conditions, such as pH
adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity adjusting agents, wetting
agents, and the like, e.g., sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium
chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sorbitan
monolaurate, and triethanolamine oleate. Sugars can also be
included for stabilizing the compositions, such as a stabilizer for
lyophilized antibody compositions.
[0346] Dosage forms can be prepared for mucosal (e.g., nasal,
sublingual, vaginal, buccal, or rectal), parenteral (e.g.,
subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, or intraarterial
injection, either bolus or infusion), oral, or transdermal
administration to a patient. Examples of dosage forms include, but
are not limited to: dispersions; suppositories; ointments;
cataplasms (poultices); pastes; powders; dressings; creams;
plasters; solutions; patches; aerosols (e.g., nasal sprays or
inhalers); gels; liquid dosage forms suitable for oral or mucosal
administration to a patient, including suspensions (e.g., aqueous
or non-aqueous liquid suspensions, oil-in-water emulsions, or a
water-in-oil liquid emulsions), solutions, and elixirs; liquid
dosage forms suitable for parenteral administration to a patient;
and sterile solids (e.g., crystalline or amorphous solids) that can
be reconstituted to provide liquid dosage forms suitable for
parenteral administration to a patient.
[0347] Injectable (e.g., intravenous) compositions can comprise a
solution of the antibody or antibody-targeted composition suspended
in an acceptable carrier, such as an aqueous carrier. Any of a
variety of aqueous carriers can be used, e.g., water, buffered
water, 0.4% saline, 0.9% isotonic saline, 0.3% glycine, 5%
dextrose, and the like, and may include glycoproteins for enhanced
stability, such as albumin, lipoprotein, globulin, etc. Often,
normal buffered saline (135-150 mM NaCl) will be used. The
compositions can contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary
substances to approximate physiological conditions, such as pH
adjusting and buffering agents, tonicity adjusting agents, wetting
agents, e.g., sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium chloride,
potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sorbitan monolaurate,
triethanolamine oleate, etc. In some embodiments, the
antibody-targeted composition can be formulated in a kit for
intravenous administration.
[0348] Formulations suitable for parenteral administration, such
as, for example, by intraarticular (in the joints), intravenous,
intramuscular, intratumoral, intradermal, intraperitoneal, and
subcutaneous routes, include aqueous and non-aqueous, isotonic
sterile injection solutions, which can contain antioxidants,
buffers, bacteriostats, and solutes that render the formulation
isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient, and aqueous and
non-aqueous sterile suspensions that can include suspending agents,
solubilizers, thickening agents, stabilizers, and
preservatives.
[0349] The pharmaceutical preparation can be packaged or prepared
in unit dosage form. In such form, the preparation is subdivided
into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active
component, e.g., according to the dose of the therapeutic agent or
concentration of antibody. The unit dosage form can be a packaged
preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of
preparation, in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, such as
ampoules and vials. The composition can, if desired, also contain
other compatible therapeutic agents.
[0350] The antibody (or antibody-targeted composition) can be
administered by injection or infusion through any suitable route
including but not limited to intravenous, subcutaneous,
intramuscular or intraperitoneal routes. An example of
administration of a pharmaceutical composition includes storing the
antibody at 10 mg/ml in sterile isotonic aqueous saline solution
for injection at 4.degree. C., and diluting it in either 100 ml or
200 ml 0.9% sodium chloride for injection prior to administration
to the patient. The antibody is administered by intravenous
infusion over the course of 1 hour at a dose of between 0.2 and 10
mg/kg. In other embodiments, the antibody is administered by
intravenous infusion over a period of between 15 minutes and 2
hours. In still other embodiments, the administration procedure is
via sub-cutaneous bolus injection.
[0351] The dose of antibody is chosen in order to provide effective
therapy for the patient and is in the range of less than 0.1 mg/kg
body weight to about 25 mg/kg body weight or in the range 1 mg-2 g
per patient. In some cases, the dose is in the range 1-100 mg/kg,
or approximately 50 mg-8000 mg/patient. The dose may be repeated at
an appropriate frequency which may be in the range once per day to
once every three months, depending on the pharmacokinetics of the
antibody (e.g., half-life of the antibody in the circulation) and
the pharmacodynamic response (e.g., the duration of the therapeutic
effect of the antibody). In some embodiments, the in vivo half-life
of between about 7 and about 25 days and antibody dosing is
repeated between once per week and once every 3 months.
[0352] Administration can be periodic. Depending on the route of
administration, the dose can be administered, e.g., once every 1,
3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, or 28 days or longer (e.g., once every 2, 3,
4, or 6 months). In some cases, administration is more frequent,
e.g., 2 or 3 times per day. The patient can be monitored to adjust
the dosage and frequency of administration depending on therapeutic
progress and any adverse side effects, as will be recognized by one
of skill in the art.
[0353] Thus in some embodiments, additional administration is
dependent on patient progress, e.g., the patient is monitored
between administrations. For example, after the first
administration or round of administrations, the patient can be
monitored for rate of tumor growth, recurrence (e.g., in the case
of a post-surgical patient), or general disease-related symptoms
such as weakness, pain, nausea, etc.
[0354] For the treatment of cancer, an antibody or
antibody-targeted composition (e.g., including a therapeutic and/or
diagnostic agent) can be administered at the initial dosage of
about 0.001 mg/kg to about 1000 mg/kg daily and adjusted over time.
A daily dose range of about 0.01 mg/kg to about 500 mg/kg, or about
0.1 mg/kg to about 200 mg/kg, or about 1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg,
about 5 to about 10 mg/kg, or about 10 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg, can
be used. The in vivo xenograft results described herein indicate
that a dose between 5-20 mg antibody/kg body weight is effective
for dramatic reduction of tumor growth.
[0355] The dosage is varied depending upon the requirements of the
patient, the severity of the condition being treated, and the
targeted composition being employed. For example, dosages can be
empirically determined considering the type and stage of cancer
diagnosed in a particular patient. The dose administered to a
patient, in the context of the present invention, should be
sufficient to affect a beneficial therapeutic response in the
patient over time. The size of the dose will also be determined by
the existence, nature, and extent of any adverse side-effects that
accompany the administration of a particular targeted composition
in a particular patient, as will be recognized by the skilled
practitioner.
[0356] It is understood that the examples and embodiments described
herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various
modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to
persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit
and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims.
All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are
hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties for all
purposes.
VII. Examples
A. Example 1
Characterization of CLL-1 Antibody Sequences and Structure
[0357] Human CLL-1 was used to generate antibodies in mice.
Antibodies specific for CLL-1 were selected and cloned into
hybridomas for stable production of monoclonal antibodies. A number
of antibodies specific for CLL-1 were cloned and characterized for
sequence and antibody structure. These data are shown in Tables 1-3
below. The heavy and light chain variable region sequences are
shown in the sequence listing.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Antibody structures Clone Isotype VH DH JH
VK JK M26 IgG2b VhJ558.b14 PseudoD3 JH4 IGKV9- JK2 124*01 M31 IgG2a
VhJ558.b14 DSP2.2 JH2 IGKV3- JK1 10*01 G4 IgG1 VHJ558 DSP2.2 JH4
IGKV10- JK1 96*01 M22 IgG2a IGHV1- DSP2.5 JH4 IGKV8- JK5 61*01
19*01 M29 IgG1 VhJ558.b14 DSP2.2 JH2 IGKV19- JK1 93*01 M2 IgG1
IGHV1- DSP2.9 JH4 IGKV9- JK2 36*01 124*01 M5 IgG2a 14-1-39 DQ52a.1
JH2 IGKV8- JK1 30*01 G12 IgG1 DFL16.3 JH1 IGKV3- JK2 10*01
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 J sequences Clone J HC J LC M26
CTRDDGYYGYAMDYW CLQYAIYPYTF M31 CARPIYFDNDYFDYW CQQNNYDPWTF G4
CARTDDYDDYTMDYW CQQGKTLLWTF M22 CAIYYGNPSYYAMDYW CQNDYSYPFTF M29
CARYYDYDYYFDYW CLQYDYLWTF M2 CTRDDGYYDYAMDYW CLQYASYPYTF M5
CTLTGRFDYW CQQYYSYRTF G12 CARVYNWHFDVW CQQNNEDPYTF
J HCs: SEQ ID NOs: 35-42 (top to bottom)
J LCs: SEQ ID Nos: 43-50
TABLE-US-00003 [0358] TABLE 3 CDR sequences CDR CDR CDR CDR CDR CDR
Clone H1 H2 H3 L1 L2 L3 M26 GYTF INPY TRDDGYY QELSGY AAS LQYAI TSYF
NDGS GYAMDY YPYT M31 GYTFTSY INPY ARPIYFD ESVDS LAS QQNNY VTGYT
NDGT NDYFDY YGNSF DPWT G4 GYSF INPY ARTDDYD HDISNY YTS QQGKT TGYT
NDGT DYTMDY LLWT M22 GYTF IDPS AIYYGNP QNLLNS WAS QNDYS TRYW DTET
SYYAMDY GNQKKY YPFT M29 GYIF INPY ARYYDY QDINKY YTS LQYD TSYV NDGT
DYYFDY YLWT M2 GYTFTSY INPY TRDDGYY QEISVY AAS LQYAS FKDDY NDGT
DYAMDY YPYT M5 GFNI IDPE TLTG QSLLYS WAS QQYY KDDY KGDT RFDY SNQKNN
SYRT G12 GYTF IYPG ARVYN ESVDG FAS QQNNE PSSN NGDT WHFDV YGDIF DPYT
CDR H1s: SEQ ID NOs: 51-58 CDR H2s: SEQ ID NOs: 59-66 CDR H3s: SEQ
ID NOs: 67-74 CDR L1s: SEQ ID NOs: 75-82 CDR L2s: SEQ ID NOs: 83-90
CDR L3s: SEQ ID NOs: 91-98
B. Example 2
Epitope Binding Studies
[0359] For certain clones, epitope mapping was carried out, and
compared to the location of binding to CLL-1 for known antibodies.
These antibodies include Nuvelo/X1057 (US20100285037), Crucell/X357
(U.S. Pat. No. 7,741,443), and Goat anti CLL-1. A summary is shown
in Table 4 below. CLL-1 or the C lectin domain of CLL-1 was
expressed in 293T cells. Non-transfected 293T cells, or 293T cells
transfected with mouse CLL-1 were used as controls.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Epitope binding 293T 293T 293T C Clone 293T
mCLL-1 hCLL-1 lectin domain M13 - - + + M26 - - + - M31 - - + -
X357 - - + + X1057 - - + + Goat anti-CLL-1 - - + +
[0360] The data show that clones M26 and M31 bind to human CLL-1,
but that the C lectin domain is not sufficient for significant
binding.
[0361] The M26 and M31 antibodies were also tested for binding to
Cynomolgus monkey CLL-1. These animals can be used for clinical
studies, thus it is useful to have target-specific antibodies that
bind the Cynomolgus species homolog of a human antibody target. M26
was found to bind Cynomolgus CLL-1 with high affinity.
[0362] Additional Cynomolgus CLL-1 binding studies were carried out
using ELISA. The results are shown in Table 5 below.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Cynomolgus CLL-1 binding Clone Relative
binding M26 ++++ M31 ++ G4 ++++ M2 +++ M5 +++ M13 - M22 - M29 + M41
+
C. Example 3
Affinity Testing
[0363] Affinity testing was carried out for the CLL-1 antibody
clones. Briefly, biotinylated CLL-1 (25 ug/ml) is loaded onto
strepavidin sensor tips for 2 hours at 22 C. Ab-Ag dissociation
curves were generated at three different concentrations for each
antibody (10, 30, and 90 ug/ml) using a global 1:1 curve fitting.
The results are shown in Table 6 below.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Affinity Kd (pM) Clone Affinity for hCLL-1
M26 214 M31 611 G4 53 M2 205 M5 553 M13 854 M22 388 M29 1480 M41
387 D11 436 E3 447 G2 4640 G6 1492 G8 980 G10 194 G12 70 G14 187
G16 2357 G23 543 G26 134 G30 241
D. Example 4
Binding to AML Cell Lines and AML Patient Samples
[0364] The CLL-1 antibodies were tested for binding to recombinant
293 cells expressing human CLL-1, and two AML cell lines, HL60 and
OCI AML-5. The percentage of live cells with antibody binding, as
detected by FACS, is shown in Table 7 below.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Antibody binding to cell lines (%) Clone 293
CLL-1 HL60 OCI AML-5 M26 99.9 91 92.7 M31 76 91 89.7 G4 83.2 83.2
M2 99.9 90.3 96.3 M5 1.1 1.7 2.3 M13 90 13.6 35.3 M22 97 37.2 57.6
M29 99.9 84.6 87.6 M41 99 95.2 87.1 B10 99.9 92 16 D11 82 E3 99.9
86 8 G2 99.9 10 88.8 G6 99.9 83.7 G8 98 65.5 G10 99.9 88.5 G12 99.9
88.3 G14 99.9 86.2 G16 56.4 G23 81.4 G26 99.9 92.3 G30 99.9
89.2
[0365] Previously characterized CLL-1 antibodies typically bind
primary AML cells with high variability, which is problematic for
broad use with patient samples. Some do not detectably bind samples
from certain patients. The presently disclosed antibodies were
tested for binding to primary cells from AML patient samples by
FACS. Two groups of samples were studied: the first consisting of 6
patients, the other consisting of a larger cohort of 37. Each
antibody clone was not tested for binding to every sample in the
groups. Results of binding are shown in Table 8. M26 and M31 were
further found to bind 90% or more cells from AML patient primary
cell samples by FACS.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Binding of primary AML samples
(Positive/Total number of patient samples tested) Clone Group 1
Group 2 M26 6/6 32/37 M31 2/3 5/12 G4 2/2 4/6 M2 2/2 M5 1/6 0/20
M13 2/3 0/20 M22 3/5 1/35 M29 4/26 M41 6/6 B10 5/6 D11 E3 4/6 2/6
G2 1/2 G6 1/2 G8 2/2 G10 1/1 2/5 G12 2/2 G14 2/2 G16 2/2 G23 2/2
G26 2/2 G30 1/1
E. Example 5
Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Assays
[0366] Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) assays were carried out on AML
cell lines HL60 and OCI AML-5, as well as recombinant 293 cells
expressing CLL-1. Briefly, cells were incubated with various
concentrations of saporin-conjugated antibodies for 48-72 hours at
37 C. Cell viability was determined by DHL colorimetric assay to
determine EC50 values.
[0367] Results are shown below in Table 9.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 ADC assays Clone ADC EC50 (pM) M26 90.23 M31
34.28 G4 44.35 M2 20.95 M5 149.5 M29 91.39 B10 54.72 D11 15.85 E3
13.37 G2 28.23 G6 34.07 G10 27.94 G12 19.43 G26 34.86 G30 29.33
F. Example 6
Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) Assays
[0368] Complement dependent cytotoxicity assays were carried out on
primary cells from AML patients. Primary AML cells were incubated
with CLL1 antibodies at various concentrations for 2 hours at 37 C
in the presence of complement. Cell viability was determined by
colorimetric Cellglow assay (Promega).
[0369] FIGS. 1A-1C shows results from 3 AML patient samples. CLL-1
antibody clone M26 has an EC50 of about 10-100 ng/mL with these
cell samples. FIG. 1C, representing AML sample #52, also shows the
effect of clone M31 compared to E12 (unrelated mAb) and IgG
control.
[0370] Results from another round of CDC assays, using 10 ug/mL
antibody, are shown in Table 10.
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 CDC assays Clone CDC (% killing) M26 17.18
M31 12.14 M5 17.87 M22 14.49 D11 18.52
[0371] The data show that the CLL-1 antibody clones have
significant CDC activity on primary AML patient samples. The CLL-1
antibody clones are effective across at least a 5-fold difference
in CLL-1 antigen density in patient samples.
G. Example 7
In Vivo Inhibition of AML Tumor Growth
[0372] Two sets of in vivo efficacy studies were carried out. The
first was a subcutaneous (SC) tumor engraftment and growth model
utilizing the CLL-1 positive HL60 AML human cell line in mice. The
second was an orthotopic (bone marrow, blood, spleen and lymph
node) tumor engraftment and outgrowth model utilizing the CLL-1
positive OCI AML-5 human AML cell line.
[0373] The SC HL60 study was carried out as follows. One of 4 CLL-1
antibody clones (M5, M13, M26, and M31), or an IgG control, were
administered i.p. at a dose of 200 ug/animal approximately 24 hours
prior to SC inoculation of 5.times.10.sup.6 or 10.sup.7 HL60 cells.
Animals received additional antibody doses once per week for the
next 6 weeks. The study terminated 45 days after the HL60 cell
administration. FIG. 2 shows efficacy curves for various CLL1
antibody clones (M5, M13, M26, and M31) compared to control.
[0374] The OCI AML-5 cell orthotopic studies were carried out as
follows. Immunodeficient NSG mice were split into 5 groups of 6
animals/group. One of 4 CLL-1 antibody clones (M5, M13, M26, and
M31), or an IgG control, were administered i.p. at a dose of 200
ug/animal approximately 24 hours prior to intravenous inoculation
of 5.times.10.sup.6 or 10.sup.7 OCI AML-5 cells. Animals then
received additional antibody doses twice per week for the next 2
weeks. The study terminated 4 weeks after administration of the OCI
AML-5 cells. FIG. 3 shows that the CLL-1 antibody clones
dramatically reduced the number of OCI AML-5 cells (labeled
hCD45+CSC-030+ and AML CSC030+) in vivo.
H. Example 8
CLL-1 Antibodies are Specific for AML Stem Cells in ADC Assays
[0375] The M26 CLL-1 antibody was tested for specific killing in an
ADC assay, conjugated to saporin. Primary patient AML cells or
normal CD34 positive hematopoietic stem cells isolated from the
bone marrow of human subjects, were seeded into a soft agar colony
formation assay (100,000 cells/plate). The cells were then
incubated in the presence of CLL-1-saporin toxin-conjugated
monoclonal antibody clone M26 for 14 days. As shown in FIGS. 4A-4B,
the CLL-1 antibody--saporin conjugate caused selective, specific
inhibition of AML stem cell clonogenic growth, while normal HSCs
were not affected. The negative controls were untreated or treated
with an unrelated IgG-saporin conjugate. The results demonstrate
that CLL-1 antibody conjugated to cytotoxin reduces AML cell colony
formation by about 80%, without inhibiting HSC colony formation.
The results indicate that the presently disclosed CLL-1 antibodies
can be used safely therapeutically to specifically target CLL-1
expressed on AML cells.
I. Example 9
Human Chimeric CLL-1 Antibodies Bind Human Peripheral Blood
Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) Similar to Mouse CLL-1 Antibody
Clones
[0376] The variable regions (Fab) of CLL-1 antibody clones M26,
M31, and G4 were used to make chimeric antibodies with a constant
region (Fc) from a human IgG1. These human chimeric antibodies are
referred to as ChiM26, ChiM31, and ChiG4 (or Chi31G4). To test the
specificity of the human chimeric antibodies compared to the parent
mouse antibodies, the antibodies were used to stain different
populations of human PBMCs. PBMCs were obtained from two human
donors, separated by Ficoll gradient, and pooled. About
2.times.10.sup.5 mononuclear cells were blocked with 3% human serum
and then stained with antibodies specific for lineage markers CD89
(granulocyte), CD14 (monocyte and granulocyte), CD3 (lymphoid), and
CD19 (B cell). FIG. 5 shows the FACS results for live-gated cells.
The human chimeric CLL-1 antibodies stain the same myeloid lineage
populations as the mouse CLL-1 antibodies.
J. Example 10
Human Chimeric CLL-1 Antibodies Bind Cynomolgus PBMCs Similar to
Mouse CLL-1 Antibody Clones
[0377] To test the specificity of the human chimeric antibodies
compared to the parent mouse antibodies, the antibodies were used
to stain different populations of cynomolgus PBMCs. PBMCs were
obtained from three donors, separated by Ficoll gradient, and
pooled. About 2.times.10.sup.5 mononuclear cells were blocked with
3% human serum and then stained with antibodies specific for
lineage markers CD3 (lymphoid), CD19 (B cell), CD14 (granulocyte),
CD14 (monocyte), and CD89 (granulocyte). FIG. 6 shows the FACS
results for live-gated cells. The human chimeric CLL-1 antibodies
stain the same myeloid lineage populations as the mouse CLL-1
antibodies.
K. Example 11
Human Chimeric CLL-1 Antibodies have In Vitro Antibody-Drug
Conjugate Activity
[0378] The ability of the human chimeric CLL-1 antibodies to
internalize and mediate ADC was tested on CLL-1 expressing 293
cells in vitro. Cells were contacted with the indicated antibodies
at various concentrations. Matching IgG isotype antibodies were
used for negative controls. Then saporin conjugated secondary
antibody (Mousezap.RTM. or Humzap.RTM.) was added at a 2:1 ratio,
and the cells were incubated for 72 hours. Cell Titre-Glo.RTM. was
added to each culture well and mixed for 5-10 minutes and detected
on a luminescent plate reader. Cell viability was determined by
luminescent signal. FIGS. 7A-7B show that the human chimeric CLL-1
antibodies (7B) have almost identical ADC activity as the mouse
CLL-1 antibody clones (7A).
L. Example 12
Human Chimeric CLL-1 Antibodies Mediate Antibody Dependent
Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC) Activity
[0379] The ability of the human chimeric CLL-1 antibodies ChiM26,
ChiM31, and ChiG4 (Chi31G4) to mediate ADCC was determined on CLL-1
expressing 293 cells. Target cells were added to 96 round bottom
wells and incubated with the indicated antibodies at various
concentrations and effector cells (Promega.RTM.) for 6 hours at 37
C. Viable cells were detected using Promega ADCC Reporter
Assay.RTM.. Results are shown in FIG. 8. The human IgG isotype
control had no detectable activity, while EC.sub.50 in ng/ml for
ChiM26, ChiM31, and Chi31G4 was determined to be 79, 143, and 105,
respectively.
M. Example 13
In Vivo Inhibition of AML Tumor Growth
[0380] Two sets of in vivo xenograft studies were carried out with
mouse and human chimeric CLL-1 antibodies. Both studies utilized
NOD/SCID mice irradiated 1 day before tail vein injection with
human AML cells on Day 0. Both studies included 8 antibody
injections over the course of about 3 weeks, followed by detection
of tumor growth in bone marrow cells.
[0381] In the first study, mice were separated into three groups of
6 mice each: (1) human IgG isotype control; (2) M26; and (3)
ChiM31. Mice were injected with 3.times.10.sup.6 HL60 cells on Day
0. Antibody was administered at 200 ug/mouse on Days 1, 4, 7, 10,
13, 16, 19, and 22. Mice were sacrificed on Day 26. Results are
shown in FIGS. 9A-9B. FIG. 9A shows that the CLL-1 antibodies
significantly reduced the percentage of huCD45+CD33+AML cells, and
FIG. 9B shows that the CLL-1 antibodies significantly reduced the
percentage of huCD45+CLL-1+AML CSCs.
[0382] In the second study, mice were separated into five groups of
6 mice each: (1) human IgG isotype control; (2) M26; (3) ChiM26;
(4) ChiM31; and (5) ChiG4. Mice were injected with 5.times.10.sup.6
OCI AML-5 cells on Day 0. Antibody was administered at 200 ug/mouse
on Days 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, and 24. Mice were sacrificed on
Day 28. Results are shown in FIGS. 10A-10B. FIG. 10A shows that the
CLL-1 antibodies apparently eliminated huCD45+CD33+AML cells. A log
10 scale was used to better resolve the results, as shown in FIG.
10B.
Sequence CWU 1
1
981801DNAHomo sapienshuman C-type lectin-like molecule 1 (CLL-1),
C-type lectin domain family 12 member A (CLEC12A), dendritic
cell-associated lectin 2 (DCAL-2), myeloid inhibitory C-type
lectin-like receptor (MICL), C-type lectin protein 1atgtctgaag
aagttactta tgcagatctt caattccaga actccagtga gatggaaaaa 60atcccagaaa
ttggcaaatt tggggaaaaa gcacctccag ctccctctca tgtatggcgt
120ccagcagcct tgtttctgac tcttctgtgc cttctgttgc tcattggatt
gggagtcttg 180gcaagcatgt ttcatgtaac tttgaagata gaaatgaaaa
aaatgaacaa actacaaaac 240atcagtgaag agctccagag aaatatttct
ctacaactga tgagtaacat gaatatctcc 300aacaagatca ggaacctctc
caccacactg caaacaatag ccaccaaatt atgtcgtgag 360ctatatagca
aagaacaaga gcacaaatgt aagccttgtc caaggagatg gatttggcat
420aaggacagct gttatttcct aagtgatgat gtccaaacat ggcaggagag
taaaatggcc 480tgtgctgctc agaatgccag cctgttgaag ataaacaaca
aaaatgcatt ggaatttata 540aaatcccaga gtagatcata tgactattgg
ctgggattat ctcctgaaga agattccact 600cgtggtatga gagtggataa
tataatcaac tcctctgcct gggttataag aaacgcacct 660gacttaaata
acatgtattg tggatatata aatagactat atgttcaata ttatcactgc
720acttataaac aaagaatgat atgtgagaag atggccaatc cagtgcagct
tggttctaca 780tattttaggg aggcatgagg c 8012265PRTHomo sapienshuman
C-type lectin-like molecule 1 (CLL-1), C-type lectin domain family
12 member A (CLEC12A), dendritic cell-associated lectin 2 (DCAL-2),
myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin-like receptor (MICL), C-type
lectin protein 2Met Ser Glu Glu Val Thr Tyr Ala Asp Leu Gln Phe Gln
Asn Ser Ser1 5 10 15 Glu Met Glu Lys Ile Pro Glu Ile Gly Lys Phe
Gly Glu Lys Ala Pro 20 25 30 Pro Ala Pro Ser His Val Trp Arg Pro
Ala Ala Leu Phe Leu Thr Leu 35 40 45 Leu Cys Leu Leu Leu Leu Ile
Gly Leu Gly Val Leu Ala Ser Met Phe 50 55 60 His Val Thr Leu Lys
Ile Glu Met Lys Lys Met Asn Lys Leu Gln Asn65 70 75 80 Ile Ser Glu
Glu Leu Gln Arg Asn Ile Ser Leu Gln Leu Met Ser Asn 85 90 95 Met
Asn Ile Ser Asn Lys Ile Arg Asn Leu Ser Thr Thr Leu Gln Thr 100 105
110 Ile Ala Thr Lys Leu Cys Arg Glu Leu Tyr Ser Lys Glu Gln Glu His
115 120 125 Lys Cys Lys Pro Cys Pro Arg Arg Trp Ile Trp His Lys Asp
Ser Cys 130 135 140 Tyr Phe Leu Ser Asp Asp Val Gln Thr Trp Gln Glu
Ser Lys Met Ala145 150 155 160 Cys Ala Ala Gln Asn Ala Ser Leu Leu
Lys Ile Asn Asn Lys Asn Ala 165 170 175 Leu Glu Phe Ile Lys Ser Gln
Ser Arg Ser Tyr Asp Tyr Trp Leu Gly 180 185 190 Leu Ser Pro Glu Glu
Asp Ser Thr Arg Gly Met Arg Val Asp Asn Ile 195 200 205 Ile Asn Ser
Ser Ala Trp Val Ile Arg Asn Ala Pro Asp Leu Asn Asn 210 215 220 Met
Tyr Cys Gly Tyr Ile Asn Arg Leu Tyr Val Gln Tyr Tyr His Cys225 230
235 240 Thr Tyr Lys Lys Arg Met Ile Cys Glu Lys Met Ala Asn Pro Val
Gln 245 250 255 Leu Gly Ser Thr Tyr Phe Arg Glu Ala 260 265
3360DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M26 heavy chain coding sequence 3gaggtccagc tgcagcagtc tggacctgag
ctggtaaagc ctggggcttc agtgaagatg 60tcctgcaagg cttctggata cacattcact
agctatttta tacactgggt gaagcagaag 120cctggacagg gccttgagtg
gattggattt attaatcctt acaatgatgg ttctaagtac 180aatgagaagt
tcaaaggcaa ggccacactg acttcagaca aatcctccag cacagcctac
240atggagctca gcagcctgac ctctgaagac tcagcggtct attactgtac
aagagatgat 300ggttattacg gctatgctat ggactactgg ggtcaaggaa
cctcagtcac cgtctcctca 3604120PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M26 heavy chain 4Glu Val Gln Leu Gln
Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys
Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Phe
Ile His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40
45 Gly Phe Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Ser Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe
50 55 60 Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr
Ala Tyr65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Thr Arg Asp Asp Gly Tyr Tyr Gly Tyr Ala
Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln 100 105 110 Gly Thr Ser Val Thr Val Ser Ser
115 120 5323DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M26 light chain coding sequence 5gacatccaga tgacccagtc
tccatcctcc ttatctgcct ctctgggaga aagagtcagt 60ctcacttgtc gggcaactca
ggaacttagt ggttacttaa gctggcttca gcagaaacca 120gatggaacta
ttaaacgcct gatctacgcc gcatccactt tagattctgg tgtcccaaaa
180aggttcagtg gcaataggtc tgggtcagat tattctctca ccatcagcag
ccttgagtct 240gaagattttg cagactatta ctgtctacaa tatgctattt
atccgtacac gttcggaggg 300gggaccaagc tggaaataaa acg
3236108PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M26 light chain 6Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser
Leu Ser Ala Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Arg
Ala Thr Gln Glu Leu Ser Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Ser Trp Leu Gln Gln
Lys Pro Asp Gly Thr Ile Lys Arg Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Ala Ala Ser
Thr Leu Asp Ser Gly Val Pro Lys Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Asn Arg
Ser Gly Ser Asp Tyr Ser Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Glu Ser65 70 75 80
Glu Asp Phe Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Leu Gln Tyr Ala Ile Tyr Pro Tyr 85
90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 105
7360DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M31 heavy chain coding sequence 7gaggtccagc tgcagcagtc tggacctgag
ctggtaaagc ctggggcttc agtgaagatg 60tcctgcaagg cttctggata cacattcacc
agctatgtta tgcactgggt gaagcagaag 120cctgggcagg gccttgagtg
gattggatat attaatcctt acaatgatgg tactaagtat 180aatgagaagt
tcaaaggcaa ggccacactg acttcagaca catcctccag cacagcctac
240atggagctca acagcctgac ctctgaggac tctgcggtct atttctgtgc
aagacccatc 300tactttgata acgactactt tgactactgg ggccaaggca
ccactctcaa agtctcttca 3608120PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M31 heavy chain 8Glu Val Gln Leu Gln
Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys
Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Val
Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40
45 Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe
50 55 60 Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp Thr Ser Ser Ser Thr
Ala Tyr65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Asn Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala
Val Tyr Phe Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Pro Ile Tyr Phe Asp Asn Asp Tyr
Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln 100 105 110 Gly Thr Thr Leu Lys Val Ser Ser
115 120 9334DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M31 light chain coding sequence 9accattgtgc tgacccaatc
tccagcttct ttggctgtgt ctctagggca gagggccacc 60atatcctgca gagccagtga
aagtgttgat agttatggca atagttttat gcactggtac 120cagcagaaac
caggacagcc acccaaactc ctcatctatc ttgcatccaa cctagaatct
180ggggtccctg ccaggttcag tggcagtggg tctaggacag acttcaccct
caccattgat 240cctgtggagg ctgatgatgc tgcaacctat tactgtcaac
aaaataatta tgatccgtgg 300acgttcggtg gaggcaccaa gctggaaatc aaac
33410111PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M31 light chain 10Thr Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Ser
Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Ala Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Glu Ser Val Asp Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Asn Ser Phe Met His
Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro 35 40 45 Lys Leu Leu Ile
Tyr Leu Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser Gly Val Pro Ala 50 55 60 Arg Phe
Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Arg Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Asp65 70 75 80
Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Asn Asn 85
90 95 Tyr Asp Pro Trp Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
100 105 110 11360DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1
monoclonal antibody G4 heavy chain coding sequence 11gaggtccagc
tgcaacagtc tggacctgag ctggtgaagc ctggagcttc aatgaagata 60tcctgcaagg
cttctggtta ctcattcact ggctacacca tgaactgggt gaagcagagc
120catgaaaaga accttgagtg gattggccct attaatcctt acaatgatgg
tactatctac 180aacccgaact tcaagggcaa ggccacatta actgtagaca
aggcatccag cacagcctac 240atggagctcc tcagtctgac atctgacgac
cctgcagtct attactgtgc cagaacggat 300gattacgatg attatactat
ggactactgg ggtcaaggaa cctcagtcac cgtctcctca 36012120PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody G4 heavy chain
12Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1
5 10 15 Ser Met Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Gly
Tyr 20 25 30 Thr Met Asn Trp Val Lys Gln Ser His Glu Lys Asn Leu
Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45 Gly Pro Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Ile
Tyr Asn Pro Asn Phe 50 55 60 Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp
Lys Ala Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Leu Ser Leu Thr
Ser Asp Asp Pro Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Thr Asp Asp
Tyr Asp Asp Tyr Thr Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln 100 105 110 Gly Thr Ser
Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120 13322DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody G4 light chain coding sequence
13gaaatccaga tgacacagac tccatcctcc ctgtctgcct ctctgggaga cagagtcacc
60atcagttgca gggcaagtca tgacattagc aattatttaa actggtatca gcagaaacca
120gatggaactc ttaaactcct gatctactac acatcaagac tacactcagg
agtcccatca 180agattcagtg gcagtgggtc tggaacagat tattctctca
ccattagcaa cctggagcaa 240gaagatattg ccacttattt ttgccaacag
ggtaaaacgc ttctgtggac gttcggtgga 300ggcaccaagc tggaaatcaa ac
32214107PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody G4 light chain 14Glu Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Thr Pro Ser Ser
Leu Ser Ala Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser His Asp Ile Ser Asn Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln
Lys Pro Asp Gly Thr Leu Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Tyr Thr Ser
Arg Leu His Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly
Ser Gly Thr Asp Tyr Ser Leu Thr Ile Ser Asn Leu Glu Gln65 70 75 80
Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Phe Cys Gln Gln Gly Lys Thr Leu Leu Trp 85
90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100 105
15363DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M22 heavy chain coding sequence 15caggtccaac tgcagcagcc tggggctgag
ctggtgaagc ctggggcttc agtgaagctg 60tcctgtaagg cttctggcta caccttcacc
aggtactgga tgcactgggt gaagcagagg 120cctggacaag gccttgaatg
gattggtaat attgaccctt ctgatactga aactcactac 180aatcaacagt
tcaaggacaa ggccacattg actgtagaca aatcctccag cacagcctac
240atgcagctca gcagcctgac atctgaggac tctgcggtct attactgtgc
aatctactat 300ggtaacccgt cttactatgc tatggactac tggggtcaag
gaacctcagt caccgtctcc 360tca 36316121PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M22 heavy chain
16Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Pro Gly Ala Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1
5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Leu Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Arg
Tyr 20 25 30 Trp Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu
Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45 Gly Asn Ile Asp Pro Ser Asp Thr Glu Thr His
Tyr Asn Gln Gln Phe 50 55 60 Lys Asp Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Val Asp
Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80 Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr
Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Ile Tyr Tyr Gly
Asn Pro Ser Tyr Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly 100 105 110 Gln Gly Thr
Ser Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120 17340DNAArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M22 light chain
coding sequence 17gacattgtga tgacacagtc tccatcctcc ctgactgtga
cagcaggaga gaaggtcact 60atgagctgca agtccagtca gaatctgtta aacagtggaa
atcaaaagaa atacttgaac 120tggtaccagc agaaaccagg gcagcctcct
aaattgttga tctactgggc atccactagg 180gaatctgggg tccctgatcg
cttcacaggc agtggatctg gaacagattt cactctcacc 240atcagcagtg
tgcaggctga agacctggca gtttatttct gtcagaatga ttatagttat
300ccgttcacgt tcggtgctgg gaccaagctg gagctgaaac
34018113PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M22 light chain 18Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser
Leu Thr Val Thr Ala Gly1 5 10 15 Glu Lys Val Thr Met Ser Cys Lys
Ser Ser Gln Asn Leu Leu Asn Ser 20 25 30 Gly Asn Gln Lys Lys Tyr
Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln 35 40 45 Pro Pro Lys Leu
Leu Ile Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Val 50 55 60 Pro Asp
Arg Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr65 70 75 80
Ile Ser Ser Val Gln Ala Glu Asp Leu Ala Val Tyr Phe Cys Gln Asn 85
90 95 Asp Tyr Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr Phe Gly Ala Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu
Leu 100 105 110 Lys19357DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1
monoclonal antibody M29 heavy chain coding sequence 19gaggtccagc
tgcagcagtc tggacctgag ctggttaagc ctggggcttc agtgaagatg 60tcctgcaagg
cttctggata catattcact agctatgtta tgtactgggt gaagcagaag
120cctgggcagg gccttgagtg gattggatat attaatcctt acaatgatgg
tactaagtac 180aatgagaagt tcaaaggcaa ggccacactg acttcagaca
aatcctccag cacagcctac 240atggagctca gcagcctgac ctctgaggac
tctgcggtct attactgtgc aagatactat 300gattacgact actactttga
ctactggggc caaggcacca ctctcacagt ctcctca 35720119PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M29 heavy chain
20Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1
5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Ile Phe Thr Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Val Met Tyr Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu
Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45 Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys
Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60 Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp
Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr
Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Tyr Tyr Asp
Tyr Asp Tyr Tyr Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly 100 105 110 Thr Thr Leu
Thr Val Ser Ser 115 21319DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1
monoclonal antibody M29 light chain coding sequence 21gacatccaga
tgacacagtc tccatcctca ctgtctgcat ctctgggagg caaagtcacc 60atcacttgca
aggcaagcca agacattaac aagtatatag cttggtacca acacaagcct
120ggaaaaggtc ctaggctgct catacattac acatctacat tacagccagg
catcccatca 180aggttcagtg gaagtgggtc tgggagagat tattccttca
gcatcagcaa cctggagcct 240gaagatattg caacttatta ttgtctacag
tatgattatc tgtggacgtt cggtggaggc 300accaagctgg aaatcaaac
31922106PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M29 light chain
22Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Leu Gly1
5 10 15 Gly Lys Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asn Lys
Tyr 20 25 30 Ile Ala Trp Tyr Gln His Lys Pro Gly Lys Gly Pro Arg
Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 His Tyr Thr Ser Thr Leu Gln Pro Gly Ile Pro
Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Arg Asp Tyr Ser Phe
Ser Ile Ser Asn Leu Glu Pro65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ile Ala Thr Tyr Tyr
Cys Leu Gln Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Trp Thr 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr
Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100 105 23360DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M2 heavy chain coding sequence
23gaggtccagc tgcggcagtc tggacctgag ctggtaaagc ctggggcttc agtgaagatg
60tcctgcaagg cttctggata cacgttcact agctatttta tgcactgggt gaagcagaag
120cctgggcagg gccttgagtg gattggattt attaatcctt acaatgatgg
tactaagtat 180aatgagaagt tcaaaggcaa ggccacactg acttcagaca
aatcctccag cacagcctac 240atggagctca acagcctgac ctctgaggac
tctgcggtct attactgtac aagagatgat 300ggttattacg actatgctat
ggactactgg ggtcaaggaa cctcagtcac cgtctcctca 36024120PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M2 heavy chain
24Glu Val Gln Leu Arg Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1
5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Phe Met His Trp Val Lys Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu
Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45 Gly Phe Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Lys
Tyr Asn Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60 Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp
Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Asn Ser Leu Thr
Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Thr Arg Asp Asp Gly
Tyr Tyr Asp Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln 100 105 110 Gly Thr Ser
Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120 25323DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M2 light chain coding sequence
25gacatccaga tgacccagtc tccatcctcc ttatctgcct ctctgggaga aagagtcagt
60ctcacttgtc gggcaagtca ggaaattagt gtttacttaa gctggcttca gcagaaacca
120gatggaacta ttaaacgcct gatctacgcc gcatccactt tagattctgg
tgtcccagaa 180aggttcagtg gcagtaggtc tgggtcagat tattctctca
ccatcagcag ccttgagtct 240gaagattttg cagactatta ctgtctacaa
tatgctagtt atccgtacac gttcggaggg 300gggaccaagc tggaaataaa acg
32326108PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M2 light chain 26Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser
Leu Ser Ala Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Arg
Ala Ser Gln Glu Ile Ser Val Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Ser Trp Leu Gln Gln
Lys Pro Asp Gly Thr Ile Lys Arg Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Ala Ala Ser
Thr Leu Asp Ser Gly Val Pro Glu Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Arg
Ser Gly Ser Asp Tyr Ser Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Glu Ser65 70 75 80
Glu Asp Phe Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Leu Gln Tyr Ala Ser Tyr Pro Tyr 85
90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 105
27345DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M5 heavy chain coding sequence 27gaggttcagc tgcagcagtc tggggctgag
cttgtgaggc caggggcctc agtcaagttg 60tcctgcacag cttctggctt taacattaaa
gacgactata tacactgggt gaagcagagg 120cctgaacagg gcctggagtg
gattggatgg attgatcctg agaaaggtga tactgcatat 180gcctcgaagt
tccaggacaa ggccactata acctcagaca catcctccaa cacagcctac
240ctgcagctca gcagcctgac atctgaggac actgccgtct attactgtac
tttaactggg 300aggtttgact attggggcca aggcaccact ctcacagtct cctca
34528115PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M5 heavy chain 28Glu Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu
Leu Val Arg Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Leu Ser Cys Thr Ala
Ser Gly Phe Asn Ile Lys Asp Asp 20 25 30 Tyr Ile His Trp Val Lys
Gln Arg Pro Glu Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45 Gly Trp Ile Asp
Pro Glu Lys Gly Asp Thr Ala Tyr Ala Ser Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Asp
Lys Ala Thr Ile Thr Ser Asp Thr Ser Ser Asn Thr Ala Tyr65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85
90 95 Thr Leu Thr Gly Arg Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Leu
Thr 100 105 110 Val Ser Ser 115 29337DNAArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M5 light chain
coding sequence 29gacattgtga tgtcacagtc tccatcctcc ctagctgtgt
cagttggaga gaaggttact 60atgagctgca agtccagtca gagcctttta tatagtagta
atcaaaaaaa taacttggcc 120tggtaccagc agaaaccagg gcagtctcct
aaactgctga tttactgggc atccactagg 180gaatctgggg tccctgatcg
cttcacaggc agtggatctg ggacagattt cactctcacc 240atcagcagtg
tgcaggctga agacctggca gtttattact gtcagcaata ttatagctat
300cggacgttcg gtggaggcac caagctggaa atcaaac 33730112PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M5 light chain
30Asp Ile Val Met Ser Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Val Gly1
5 10 15 Glu Lys Val Thr Met Ser Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu Tyr
Ser 20 25 30 Ser Asn Gln Lys Asn Asn Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Gln 35 40 45 Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr
Arg Glu Ser Gly Val 50 55 60 Pro Asp Arg Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr65 70 75 80 Ile Ser Ser Val Gln Ala Glu
Asp Leu Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln 85 90 95 Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Arg
Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110
31351DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
G12 heavy chain coding sequence 31caggtgcaac tgcagcagcc tggggctgag
ctggtgaagc ctggggcctc aatgaagatg 60tcctgcaagg cttctggcta cacatttccc
agttccaata tacactggct aaagcagaca 120cctggacagg gcctggaatg
gattggagtt atttatccag gaaatggtga tacttcctac 180aatcagaagt
tcaaagacaa ggccacattg actacagaca agtcctccag cacagcctac
240atgcagctca gcagcctgac gtctgaggac tctgcgatct atttctgtgc
aagagtgtat 300aactggcact tcgatgtctg gggcgcaggg accacggtca
ccgtctcctc a 35132117PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1
monoclonal antibody G12 heavy chain 32Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Pro
Gly Ala Glu Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Ala1 5 10 15 Ser Met Lys Met Ser
Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Pro Ser Ser 20 25 30 Asn Ile His
Trp Leu Lys Gln Thr Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45 Gly
Val Ile Tyr Pro Gly Asn Gly Asp Thr Ser Tyr Asn Gln Lys Phe 50 55
60 Lys Asp Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Thr Asp Lys Ser Ser Ser Thr Ala
Tyr65 70 75 80 Met Gln Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Ser Ala Ile
Tyr Phe Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Val Tyr Asn Trp His Phe Asp Val Trp
Gly Ala Gly Thr Thr 100 105 110 Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115
33335DNAArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
G12 light chain coding sequence 33aacattgtgc tgacccaatc tccagcttct
ttggctgtgt ctctagggca gagggccacc 60atatcctgca gagccagtga aagtgttgat
ggttatggcg atatttttat gctctggtac 120cagcagaaac caggacagcc
acccaaactc ctcatctatt ttgcatccaa cctagaatct 180ggggtccctg
ccaggttcag tggcagtggg tcgaggacag acttcaccct caccattgat
240cctgtggagg ctgatgatgc tgcaacctat tactgtcagc aaaataatga
ggatccatac 300acgttcggag gggggactaa gctggaaata aaacg
33534112PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody G12 light chain 34Asn Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Ser
Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gly1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Ala Thr Ile Ser Cys Arg
Ala Ser Glu Ser Val Asp Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Asp Ile Phe Met Leu
Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro 35 40 45 Lys Leu Leu Ile
Tyr Phe Ala Ser Asn Leu Glu Ser Gly Val Pro Ala 50 55 60 Arg Phe
Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Arg Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Asp65 70 75 80
Pro Val Glu Ala Asp Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Asn Asn 85
90 95 Glu Asp Pro Tyr Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
Arg 100 105 110 3515PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1
monoclonal antibody M26 heavy chain J sequence 35Cys Thr Arg Asp
Asp Gly Tyr Tyr Gly Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp1 5 10 15
3615PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M31 heavy chain J sequence 36Cys Ala Arg Pro Ile Tyr Phe Asp Asn
Asp Tyr Phe Asp Tyr Trp1 5 10 15 3715PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody G4 heavy chain J
sequence 37Cys Ala Arg Thr Asp Asp Tyr Asp Asp Tyr Thr Met Asp Tyr
Trp1 5 10 15 3816PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1
monoclonal antibody M22 heavy chain J sequence 38Cys Ala Ile Tyr
Tyr Gly Asn Pro Ser Tyr Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp1 5 10 15
3914PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M29 heavy chain J sequence 39Cys Ala Arg Tyr Tyr Asp Tyr Asp Tyr
Tyr Phe Asp Tyr Trp1 5 10 4015PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M2 heavy chain J sequence 40Cys Thr
Arg Asp Asp Gly Tyr Tyr Asp Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp1 5 10 15
4110PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M5 heavy chain J sequence 41Cys Thr Leu Thr Gly Arg Phe Asp Tyr
Trp1 5 10 4212PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody G12 heavy chain J sequence 42Cys Ala Arg Val Tyr Asn Trp
His Phe Asp Val Trp1 5 10 4311PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M26 light chain J sequence 43Cys Leu
Gln Tyr Ala Ile Tyr Pro Tyr Thr Phe1 5 10 4411PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M31 light chain J
sequence 44Cys Gln Gln Asn Asn Tyr Asp Pro Trp Thr Phe1 5 10
4511PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
G4 light chain J sequence 45Cys Gln Gln Gly Lys Thr Leu Leu Trp Thr
Phe1 5 10 4611PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M22 light chain J sequence 46Cys Gln Asn Asp Tyr Ser Tyr
Pro Phe Thr Phe1 5 10 4710PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M29 light chain J sequence 47Cys Leu
Gln Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Trp Thr Phe1 5 10 4811PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M2 light chain J
sequence 48Cys Leu Gln Tyr Ala Ser Tyr Pro Tyr Thr Phe1 5 10
4910PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M5 light chain J sequence 49Cys Gln Gln Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Arg Thr
Phe1 5 10 5011PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody G12 light chain J sequence 50Cys Gln Gln Asn Asn Glu Asp
Pro Tyr Thr Phe1 5 10 518PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1
monoclonal antibody M26 CDR H1 51Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr Phe1 5
528PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M31 CDR H1 52Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr Val1 5 538PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody G4 CDR H1 53Gly
Tyr Ser Phe Thr Gly Tyr Thr1 5 548PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M22 CDR H1 54Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Arg
Tyr Trp1 5 558PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M29 CDR H1 55Gly Tyr Ile Phe Thr Ser Tyr Val1 5
568PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M2 CDR H1 56Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr Phe1 5 578PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M5 CDR H1 57Gly
Phe Asn Ile Lys Asp Asp Tyr1 5 588PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody G12 CDR H1 58Gly Tyr Thr Phe Pro Ser
Ser Asn1 5 598PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M26 CDR H2 59Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Ser1 5
608PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M31 CDR H2 60Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr1 5 618PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody G4 CDR H2 61Ile
Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr1 5 628PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M22 CDR H2 62Ile Asp Pro Ser Asp Thr
Glu Thr1 5 638PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M29 CDR H2 63Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr1 5
648PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M2 CDR H2 64Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr1 5 658PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M5 CDR H2 65Ile
Asp Pro Glu Lys Gly Asp Thr1 5 668PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody G12 CDR H2 66Ile Tyr Pro Gly Asn Gly
Asp Thr1 5 6713PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1
monoclonal antibody M26 CDR H3 67Thr Arg Asp Asp Gly Tyr Tyr Gly
Tyr Ala Met Asp Tyr1 5 10 6813PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M31 CDR H3 68Ala Arg Pro Ile Tyr Phe
Asp Asn Asp Tyr Phe Asp Tyr1 5 10 6913PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody G4 CDR H3 69Ala
Arg Thr Asp Asp Tyr Asp Asp Tyr Thr Met Asp Tyr1 5 10
7014PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M22 CDR H3 70Ala Ile Tyr Tyr Gly Asn Pro Ser Tyr Tyr Ala Met Asp
Tyr1 5 10 7112PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M29 CDR H3 71Ala Arg Tyr Tyr Asp Tyr Asp Tyr Tyr Phe Asp
Tyr1 5 10 7213PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M2 CDR H3 72Thr Arg Asp Asp Gly Tyr Tyr Asp Tyr Ala Met
Asp Tyr1 5 10 738PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1
monoclonal antibody M5 CDR H3 73Thr Leu Thr Gly Arg Phe Asp Tyr1 5
7410PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
G12 CDR H3 74Ala Arg Val Tyr Asn Trp His Phe Asp Val1 5 10
756PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M26 CDR L1 75Gln Glu Leu Ser Gly Tyr1 5 7610PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M31 CDR L1 76Glu
Ser Val Asp Ser Tyr Gly Asn Ser Phe1 5 10 776PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody G4 CDR L1 77His
Asp Ile Ser Asn Tyr1 5 7812PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M22 CDR L1 78Gln Asn Leu Leu Asn Ser
Gly Asn Gln Lys Lys Tyr1 5 10 796PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M29 CDR L1 79Gln Asp Ile Asn Lys
Tyr1 5 806PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody M2 CDR L1 80Gln Glu Ile Ser Val Tyr1 5 8112PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M5 CDR L1 81Gln
Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser Ser Asn Gln Lys Asn
Asn1 5 10 8210PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal
antibody G12 CDR L1 82Glu Ser Val Asp Gly Tyr Gly Asp Ile Phe1 5 10
833PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M26 CDR L2 83Ala Ala Ser1 843PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M31 CDR L2 84Leu Ala Ser1
853PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
G4 CDR L2 85Tyr Thr Ser1 863PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M22 CDR L2 86Trp Ala Ser1
873PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M29 CDR L2 87Tyr Thr Ser1 883PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M2 CDR L2 88Ala Ala Ser1
893PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M5 CDR L2 89Trp Ala Ser1 903PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody G12 CDR L2 90Phe Ala Ser1
919PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M26 CDR L3 91Leu Gln Tyr Ala Ile Tyr Pro Tyr Thr1 5
929PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
M31 CDR L3 92Gln Gln Asn Asn Tyr Asp Pro Trp Thr1 5
939PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
G4 CDR L3 93Gln Gln Gly Lys Thr Leu Leu Trp Thr1 5 949PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M22 CDR L3 94Gln
Asn Asp Tyr Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr1 5 958PRTArtificial
Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M29 CDR L3 95Leu
Gln Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Trp Thr1 5 969PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic
anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody M2 CDR L3 96Leu Gln Tyr Ala Ser Tyr
Pro Tyr Thr1 5 978PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1
monoclonal antibody M5 CDR L3 97Gln Gln Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Arg Thr1 5
989PRTArtificial Sequencesynthetic anti-CLL-1 monoclonal antibody
G12 CDR L3 98Gln Gln Asn Asn Glu Asp Pro Tyr Thr1 5
* * * * *