U.S. patent application number 14/765145 was filed with the patent office on 2015-12-24 for input/output device with a dynamically adjustable appearance and function.
This patent application is currently assigned to APPLE INC.. The applicant listed for this patent is APPLE INC.. Invention is credited to Euan S. Abraham, Bartley K. Andre, Po-Wen Chiu, Paul S. Drzaic, Michelle Goldberg, Ron Hopkinson, Chris Ligtenberg, Jun Qi, Mikael Silvanto, Erin Turullols, Victor H. Yin.
Application Number | 20150370339 14/765145 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 50231518 |
Filed Date | 2015-12-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150370339 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ligtenberg; Chris ; et
al. |
December 24, 2015 |
INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICE WITH A DYNAMICALLY ADJUSTABLE APPEARANCE AND
FUNCTION
Abstract
A computing device is disclosed. The computing device may
include a display, a processor in communication with the display
and an enclosure connected to the display. The computing device may
also include an input/output (I/O) device in communication with the
processor. The I/O device may also be connected to the enclosure.
Additionally, the I/O device may include a modifiable display that
may substantially match the appearance of the enclosure.
Inventors: |
Ligtenberg; Chris;
(Cupertino, CA) ; Abraham; Euan S.; (Sunnyvale,
CA) ; Qi; Jun; (Cupertino, CA) ; Drzaic; Paul
S.; (Cupertino, CA) ; Chiu; Po-Wen;
(Cupertino, CA) ; Hopkinson; Ron; (Cupertino,
CA) ; Goldberg; Michelle; (Cupertino, CA) ;
Yin; Victor H.; (Cupertino, CA) ; Andre; Bartley
K.; (Cupertino, CA) ; Silvanto; Mikael;
(Cupertino, CA) ; Turullols; Erin; (Cupertino,
CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
APPLE INC. |
Cupertino |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
APPLE INC.
Cupertino
CA
|
Family ID: |
50231518 |
Appl. No.: |
14/765145 |
Filed: |
February 6, 2014 |
PCT Filed: |
February 6, 2014 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2014/015142 |
371 Date: |
July 31, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61761294 |
Feb 6, 2013 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
345/168 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F 1/1616 20130101;
G06F 1/1662 20130101; H05K 999/99 20130101; G02F 2201/44 20130101;
G06F 3/03547 20130101; G06F 1/165 20130101; G06F 3/04886 20130101;
G06F 2203/0339 20130101; G09G 3/344 20130101; G06F 3/023 20130101;
G02F 1/167 20130101; G06F 1/1692 20130101; G06F 1/1671 20130101;
G02F 1/16757 20190101; G09G 2310/068 20130101; G06F 3/0219
20130101; G06F 3/0412 20130101; G06F 3/0238 20130101; G02F 1/1677
20190101; G02F 1/1334 20130101 |
International
Class: |
G06F 3/023 20060101
G06F003/023 |
Claims
1. A computing device, comprising: a display; a processor in
communication with the display; an enclosure connected to the
display; and an input/output device in communication with the
processor and connected to the enclosure; wherein the input/output
device includes a modifiable display, substantially matching the
appearance of the enclosure.
2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the input/output device
comprises: an ink layer including the modifiable display; and at
least one activation layer; wherein the activation layer changes
the modifiable display of the ink layer.
3. The computing device of claim 2, wherein the ink layer comprises
a plurality of capsules, each capsule including a plurality of
pigment particles suspended therein.
4. The computing device of claim 3, wherein at least portion of the
pigment particles are reflective.
5. The computing device of claim 3, wherein at least a portion of
the pigment particles are substantially transparent.
6. The computing device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of
capsules includes a first set of capsules having a first diameter
and a second set of capsules having a second diameter.
7. The computing device of claim 3, wherein a density of the
pigment particles suspended in each of the plurality of capsules is
selected to substantially match an appearance of the enclosure.
8. The computing device of claim 3, wherein at least a portion of
the pigment particles are mica.
9. The computing device of claim 2, wherein the input/output device
further comprises a substrate, wherein the at least one activation
layer is supported by the substrate.
10. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the substrate is
perforated.
11. The computing device of claim 2, wherein the input/output
device further comprises a modifying film operably connected to the
ink layer.
12. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the modifying film
includes at least one of a textured or a faceted surface.
13. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the modifying film is
reflective.
14. A computing input device, comprising: a first input region
located on a surface of the input device; a second input region
located on the surface of the input device; wherein the first input
region is configured to accept a first input through operation of a
first input mechanism; the second input region is configured to
accept a second input through operation of a second input
mechanism; the second input region is further configured to
dynamically adjust its appearance; and the input device is one of a
keyboard, track pad or mouse.
15. The computing input device of claim 14, wherein the first and
second inputs are different types of inputs.
16. The computing input device of claim 15, wherein: the first
input mechanism is a switch; and the second input mechanism is a
touch sensor.
17. The computing input device of claim 16, wherein the second
input region comprises: an e-ink layer; a substrate supporting the
e-ink layer; a film overlying the e-ink layer; and a touch sensor
positioned between the substrate and film.
18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein a plurality of
particles in the e-ink layer are fluorescent.
19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein a plurality of
particles in the e-ink layer have a light reflectance that matches
a light reflectance of the surface.
20. The computing device of claim 17, wherein no two adjacent
particles in the e-ink layer refresh at the same time.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a nonprovisional of and claims priority
to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/761,294, filed Feb.
6, 2013 and titled "Input/Output Device with a Dynamically
Adjustable Appearance and Function," the disclosure of which is
hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates generally to electronic
devices, and more specifically to input/output devices for
electronic devices.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Computers and other electronic devices typically include one
or more input devices, such as mice, keyboards, joysticks, and the
like so a user can more easily interact with the device in
question. Often, these input devices may be integrated with or into
the associated electronic device. For example, a laptop computer
may include a keyboard operably connected to its internal systems
and housed within its enclosure. Similarly, a laptop computer may
also include a track pad or other motion-based input device that
may also be integrated with the enclosure.
[0004] Many input devices have a static appearance, even if they
can provide multiple functions or types of inputs to the electronic
device. For example, the numerical keys on a conventional QWERTY
keyboard include a number input function and a symbol input.
However, in many conventional keyboards, these two options are
displayed statically on the respective keys and during use, a user
may not be aware which input function is activated and may
accidentally select the symbol input function when a number input
is desired. Additionally, the appearance of many input devices may
be separate or distinguished from the enclosure of the electronic
device or the enclosure of the input device. This may detract from
a uniform appearance of the device and may reduce the contrast of
the glyphs or symbols on the input device.
SUMMARY
[0005] Some embodiments described herein include a computing device
having a dynamically modifiable input/output device. The computing
device may include a display, a processor in communication with the
display, an enclosure connected to the display and an input/output
device in communication with the processor and connected to the
enclosure. The input/output device is dynamically modifiable to
change its size, shape, or displayed graphic. Additionally, the
input/output device has an appearance that substantially matches
the appearance of the enclosure.
[0006] Another embodiment may take the form of a computing input
device, including: a first input region located on a surface of the
input device; a second input region located on the surface of the
input device; wherein the first input region is configured to
accept a first input through operation of a first input mechanism;
the second input region is configured to accept a second input
through operation of a second input mechanism; the second input
region is further configured to dynamically adjust its appearance;
and the input device is one of a keyboard, track pad or mouse.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a computing device
incorporating a sample I/O device.
[0008] FIG. 2A is an enlarged top plan view of the sample I/O
device in a first configuration.
[0009] FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the sample I/O device with a
second set of glyphs displayed.
[0010] FIG. 2C is an enlarged view of the sample I/O device
including a first key and a second key.
[0011] FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of the computing device
of FIG. 1.
[0012] FIG. 4 is a simplified cross-section view of the sample I/O
device taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 1.
[0013] FIG. 5 is an enlarged, simplified view of a portion of the
cross-section view of FIG. 4.
[0014] FIG. 6 is an enlarged, simplified cross-section view of the
sample I/O device operating during a "shutter mode" operation.
[0015] FIG. 7 is a cross-section view of the sample I/O device,
showing light reflecting particles suspended within the pigment
capsules.
[0016] FIG. 8A is a cross-section view of the sample I/O device,
showing transparent particles suspended in the pigment
capsules.
[0017] FIG. 8B is a cross-section view of the sample I/O device,
showing a plurality of translucent capsules in addition to the
pigment capsules.
[0018] FIG. 9 is a cross-section view of the sample I/O device,
showing pigment particles of varying diameters.
[0019] FIG. 10A is a simplified cross-section view of the sample
I/O device with a textured substrate.
[0020] FIG. 10B is a cross-section view of the sample I/O device
including a substrate having a varying thickness.
[0021] FIG. 11 is a cross-section view of the sample I/O device
including a perforated substrate.
[0022] FIG. 12A is a cross-section view of the sample I/O device
including a modifying film having a faceted surface.
[0023] FIG. 12B is a cross-section view of the sample I/O device
including a modifying film having an undulating surface.
[0024] FIG. 13 is a cross-section view of the sample I/O device
including a modifying film having flecks or pigments suspended
therein.
[0025] FIG. 14 is a simplified cross-section view of the sample I/O
device including the modifying film having a variable
thickness.
[0026] FIG. 15A is a cross-section view of the sample I/O device
including a collimating component.
[0027] FIG. 15B is a top plan view of the sample I/O device of FIG.
15A having a key displaying a glyph.
[0028] FIG. 16 is a side perspective view of the sample I/O device
harvesting light from the display of the computing device.
[0029] FIG. 17 is an enlarged top plan view of the example
computing device illustrating edge lighting for the sample I/O
device.
[0030] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a portion of the sample
I/O device as it transitions between a first set of displayed
glyphs to a second set.
[0031] FIG. 19 is a top plan view of another embodiment of the
computing device including the I/O device positioned between the
display and the enclosure.
[0032] FIG. 20 is a cross-section view of the sample computing
device taken along line 20-20 in FIG. 19.
[0033] FIG. 21 is a top perspective view of the sample computing
device, showing a sample antenna region.
[0034] FIG. 22 is a cross-section view of the computing device
taken along line 22-22 in FIG. 21.
[0035] FIG. 23 is a top plan view of a back side of the upper
enclosure of the computing device.
[0036] FIG. 24 is a cross-section view of the computing device
taken along line 24-24 in FIG. 23.
[0037] FIG. 25 is a cross-section view of the I/O device, showing a
force sensor.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] Some embodiments described herein may take the form of an
input/output (I/O) device that may provide input to an associated
electronic device, such as a computing device. As used herein, the
terms "electronic device" and "computing device" are generally
interchangeable. Sample electronic devices include a personal
computer, tablet computing device, smart phone, television or other
audiovisual component, and so forth. The I/O device provides a user
the ability to provide inputs to the electronic device, as well as
providing feedback (visual or haptic) to the user. In some
implementations, the I/O device may replace one or more keys of a
conventional keyboard or the I/O may be used in addition to a
conventional keyboard to provide expanded input/output
functionality. As another example, the I/O device may be used as a
separate input device, such as a track pad, display, or the
like.
[0039] In one embodiment, the I/O device may form a portion or
strip of a keyboard. In this embodiment, the I/O device may include
dynamically adjustable glyphs or symbols. Additionally or
alternatively, the I/O device may include one or more button or key
sections that may also be dynamically reconfigurable. For example,
the I/O device may form a legend for a keyboard and may include
five keys in a first mode and two keys in the second mode.
Continuing with this example, in the second mode, the space of the
I/O device may be divided (visually or otherwise) from five
distinct "areas" into two areas that form the two keys or buttons.
(It should be appreciated that the "keys" of the legend need not be
physically separate keys, but instead may be discrete portions of a
strip or surface forming the legend.) The reconfiguration of the
I/O device allows the I/O device to vary the output viewed by a
user, such as the symbol on a particular key, based at least on a
predetermined program or previously entered input. As a specific
example, when the user has selects the shift or function button,
the symbols on the keys may change to the function input rather
than the standard input, such as changing the number 1 symbol to an
exclamation symbol. As another example, the symbols on the legend
may vary with the application being executed on the associated
electronic device, an environment of the associated electronic
device, a time of day, a sensor input to either the I/O device or
the associated electronic device, a geographic location, and so on.
As one example, the symbols on the legend may be updated based on a
global positioning system coordinate (e.g., waypoint), a WiFi
signal, a cell or radio wave signal, or the like. In this example,
the legend may update to display a native language, alphabet,
symbols corresponding to nearby locations, or the like.
[0040] The I/O device may include discrete keys, which may
dynamically vary based on any or all of the foregoing factors. In
embodiments including dynamic keys, the number, shape, and/or size
of the keys also may vary based on a current state of the computing
device or any of the foregoing factors. For example, during a game
function, the I/O device may be divided into six or more separate
keys and in a music listening function, the I/O device may include
a single key. In the latter example, the single key may provide a
dynamically variable input, such as a slider input (e.g., an input
that varies with sliding a finger along its length or a rocker
switch type input). Additionally and/or alternatively, the viewable
shape of the key may change from a rectangular shape to a round
shape, or other geometric or non-geometric shape.
[0041] As one example, the I/O device may be a reconfigurable bar
or input row on the computing device. In this example, the I/O
device may replace one or more rows of the keyboard, e.g., the top
number and/or function row of a QWERTY keyboard. The I/O device may
provide input to the computing device, as well as vary the output
or feedback to a user. In other embodiments, the I/O device may be
provided in addition to the normal keys on a keyboard, buttons on a
mouse or other inputs typically associated with the object with
which the I/O device is associated.
[0042] The I/O device may be modified to create or enhance a
desired or useful appearance. The desired appearance may be
selected to enhance the visibility of the I/O device in certain
lights (e.g., in daylight conditions, increased contrast between
the I/O device 102 and the enclosure), or the like. In some
embodiments, aspects of the I/O device may be configured to match
similar aspects of an enclosure for the electronic device, such as
a color or texture of an enclosure, an accent color for the
electronic device (e.g., a trim color or trademark or graphic
color), or may otherwise be configured to have a texture, pattern,
or color as desired. By matching the appearance of the enclosure or
other component, one or more viewable characteristics of the I/O
device may be enhanced. For example, the contrast, brightness, hue,
or the like of the displayed images may be increased or decreased
to be better viewable to a user.
[0043] In some embodiments, the I/O device may include a substrate,
a protective layer, and an ink layer. The ink or display may be
used to selectively modify the glyphs displayed on the I/O device
and/or borders between discrete keys or buttons of the I/O device.
The ink layer may be dynamically adjustable and as the ink layer
varies, the input functionality of the I/O device may also be
adjusted. In some embodiments, the ink layer may be electrophoretic
or electronic ink (e-ink). In these embodiments, the ink layer may
include one or more activation layers or components (e.g.,
electrode pairs) and a plurality of pigment capsules suspended
between the activation layers. The pigment capsules may include a
plurality of colored pigments suspended therein, such as black
pigment particles and white pigment particles. Multiple pigment
particles may be placed within each of the pigment capsules.
[0044] In embodiments including pigment capsules, the pigments
suspended in the capsules may include a colorant that may be chosen
to match the enclosure (or other desired appearance). In one
example, the I/O device may match a metallic enclosure for an
electronic device and the pigment capsules may include mica or
other metallic looking particles, in addition to or in place of the
black and white pigment particles. Similarly, the pigment capsules
may include reflective particles (either as part of the pigment
particles or separate therefrom). The reflective particles may
reflect light in a manner that match, duplicate or come close to
the light reflectance of the enclosure. In another example, the
pigment capsules may include clear particles that may allow the
substrate to be visible therethrough. As yet another example, the
size and/or density of the capsules may be selected to replicate or
substantially match the pattern or texture of a material forming
the enclosure or other portion of the electronic device.
[0045] In some embodiments, the substrate and/or the protective
layer sandwiching the ink layer may be modified to vary the
appearance of the I/O device. In a first example, the substrate may
be perforated (e.g., micro-perforated) to allow light to be
transmitted through the substrate and illuminate the ink layer
through a bottom of the ink layer. Varying light transmitted
through the ink layer may vary the appearance of the ink layer as
viewed through the protective layer by a user. In a second example,
the substrate may be treated, painted, otherwise configured to
match the appearance of the enclosure (or other desired appearance)
or may be the same material as the enclosure. In this example, a
shutter effect may be applied to the pigment particles to pull the
different particles to opposing sides of the capsules, which may
allow the substrate to be viewable through the ink layer.
Alternatively, the ink layer may be otherwise modified, and may
allow portions of the substrate to be viewable therethrough. In a
third example the substrate may be textured, non-planar (e.g.,
curved), or the like. The ink layer may be connected to the
substrate and may conform to the shape of the substrate, which may
modify the appearance of the I/O device.
[0046] In some embodiments, the protective layer may be modified to
vary the appearance of the I/O device. In a first example, the
protective layer or a film between the protective layer and the ink
layer may be faceted, textured, or the like to mimic or replicate
light reflecting properties of the enclosure or to create desired
reflecting properties for the I/O device. In a second example, the
protective layer or film may include particular light transmission
properties that may affect the appearance of the I/O device. In a
specific example, the protective layer (or an intermediate layer)
may include a collimated glass or other collimator. In this
example, the image at the outer surface of the I/O device is not
only visible through the glass, but the image (e.g., ink layer) may
appear to lie essentially at the display interface. In a third
example, the protective layer or an intermediate layer may include
one or more embedded particles or colorants that may match the
enclosure.
[0047] The I/O device may also be used as part of a display for the
electronic device and/or a transition between a display and the
enclosure. For example, the ink layer may be positioned on top of a
portion of a display screen and may surround an edge of the
display. The appearance of the I/O device may be configured to
match the enclosure, but have display qualities (e.g., displaying
visual output) and may form a soft transition between the enclosure
and the display.
[0048] The I/O device may also be used to transmit radio signals
and/or mask one or more components of the electronic device. For
example, an antenna component may extend beneath a portion of the
I/O device and may transmit radio signals through the ink layer and
other layers.
[0049] The I/O device may be configured so that in the deactivated
state, the ink layer may be set to match a desired pattern. For
example, while off, the pigment particles may set to display a
pattern or color that may match the enclosure of the electronic
device. The I/O device may also be configured to transition between
the dynamically adjustable keys in a manner that may be
aesthetically pleasing or may visually draw attention. For example,
as the I/O device transitions from a first displayed glyph to a
second displayed glyph, the ink layer may "sparkle." In other
words, the pigment particles within each of the capsules may be
randomly activated to display a flurry of alternating colors, which
may create a "sparkling" appearance.
[0050] Other transitions between glyphs are also envisioned. As a
first example, to change the symbol or glyph displayed or to
otherwise refresh the display, a random selection of pixels may
refresh with a time delay between each refreshing pixel. In this
example, no two adjacent pixels may be simultaneously refreshing.
As a second example, a spacing distance may be selected between
refreshing pixels. In this manner, the refreshing pixels may be
less noticeable to a user. As a third example, the refreshing
pixels may be selected based on the color of the surrounding
pixels. In this example, pixels in a relatively low color density
may be selected to refresh first, as they may be less obvious to a
user as they change to display the new glyph. As a fourth example,
a pixel refresh may be embedded within a dynamic transition. In
this example, as a portion of the keyboard is transitioning a
second part of the keyboard can be refreshed (e.g., other pixels in
the keyboard that may not need to be changed during the
transition).
[0051] In some embodiments, techniques and structures that may
implemented in the I/O device may be used to create an aesthetic
element for the electronic device. As one example, the ink layer of
the I/O device, when modified to match a desired appearance, may
form a graphic or aesthetic element for the electronic device, such
as a trademark name or image. In this example the ink layer may not
need to be powered, but instead the pigment capsules may be set in
a particular pattern by using an external stimulating source, such
as an electrically charged wand or the like. As another example,
using the techniques described herein, the ink layer may be
configured to selectively display a graphic, image, or color
display on the substrate beneath. This may be incorporated as part
of the I/O device, or as a separate display or aesthetic
element.
PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
[0052] An illustrative I/O device will now be discussed in more
detail. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a computing device
incorporating the I/O device. With reference to FIG. 1, the
computing device 100 may include the I/O device 102, an enclosure
106 at least partially surrounding the I/O device 102, a keyboard
104, and/or a display 108. The border of the I/O device 102 is
illustrated by dashed lines in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, as
discussed in more detail below, the I/O device 102 may be
configured to be inconspicuous with the enclosure or other portions
of the computing device. This may allow the computing device and
the I/O device to have a substantially uniform and seamless
appearance. In other embodiments, the I/O device may have a visible
border, such as a raised or recessed element or a different colored
perimeter to indicate the transition between the enclosure and the
I/O device.
[0053] The computing device 100 may be substantially any type of
computer or electronic device, such as, but not limited to, a
desktop, a laptop, a tablet, a portable gaming device, and/or a
mobile computing device (e.g., a smart phone). Based on the
configuration of the computing device 100 one or more elements as
illustrated in FIG. 1 may be omitted. As one example, in instances
where the computing device is a tablet, the keyboard 104 may be
omitted. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the computing device 100
is a laptop computer including a base or bottom portion operably
connected to the keyboard 104 and a display or upper portion
operably connected to the display 108. The two portions may be
rotatably connected to each other.
[0054] The I/O device 102 is configured to receive user input to
the computing device 100, as well as output information to the
user. In many implementations, the I/O device 102 may vary the
input and/or output based on one or more parameters (e.g., a
program executing on the electronic device, a previous input to the
computing device, the device's environment, and the like). In other
words, the I/O device 102 may be dynamically reconfigurable. With
reference to FIG. 1, the I/O device 102 may be positioned at a top
end of the keyboard 104 adjacent to the connection interface
between the bottom portion of the computing device 100 and the top
portion of the computing device 100. For example, the I/O device
102 may be positioned at a forehead area of the bottom portion of
the computing device 100 adjacent to a bottom end of the display
108 when the computing device 100 in an open configuration.
[0055] The I/O device 102 may be shaped as a generally elongated
bar extending across a portion of a length or width of the
enclosure 106. In some embodiments, the I/O device 102 may be
comprised of discrete display areas (e.g., keys); however, in many
embodiments, the I/O device 102 may form a single key or display
area, which may be dynamically reconfigurable into discrete keys or
buttons. FIG. 2A is an enlarged top plan view of the I/O device 102
in a first configuration. As shown in FIG. 2A, the I/O device 102
may be divided into a plurality of keys or separate input areas
110a-110f and each key 110a-110f may display a glyph 112a-112f or
other symbol. The separate glyphs 112a-112f, as well as the
divisions between each key 110a-110f may be static (e.g., etched or
otherwise incorporated into the material forming the I/O device
102), or may be dynamic (e.g., may be illuminated or projected onto
the material forming the I/O device 102). The shape of the I/O
device may vary in alternative embodiments, and need not be
rectangular.
[0056] The appearance of the top surface of the I/O device 102 may
be varied to change the glyphs 112a-112f and/or to vary one or more
viewing characteristics (e.g., contrast, brightness, hue), of the
glyphs and/or display area. FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the I/O
device 102 with a second set of glyphs 114a-114f displayed. In FIG.
2B, the first set of glyphs 112a-112f may either be "erased" or
otherwise not displayed, or may be hidden by the illumination or
other display characteristics of the second glyphs 114a-114f.
[0057] In addition to the glyphs, the I/O device 102 may also
change one or more input areas or key areas. FIG. 2C is an enlarged
view of the I/O device 102 including a first key 116 and a second
key 118. In this example, the number of keys or input surfaces may
be reduced as compared to FIG. 2A; however, the size of the input
surfaces for each key 116, 118 may be increased. In this example,
the glyphs may correspondingly change or may be eliminated. In this
implementation, the keys 116, 118 may be used as separate inputs,
or may be provide a single input. In one implementation, a user may
slide his or her finger across the entire length, and an input
force close to the edge of the first key 116 may provide one input
and an input force close to the middle of the keys 116, 118 may
provide another input. It should be noted that in addition to
changing the division of the I/O device 102 input areas and the
appearance of the glyphs, the external appearance of the I/O decide
102 may be configured to match one or more elements of the
computing device 100 to enhance one or more viewing characteristics
of the I/O device.
[0058] The I/O device 102 may be in communication with a number of
components of the computing device 100 and may vary the displayed
glyphs and/or key areas based on communication with the computing
device 100 and/or sensed inputs. FIG. 3 is a simplified block
diagram of a the computing device 100. As shown in FIG. 3, the
computing device 100 may include a processor 120, one or more
sensors 122, a power source 124, and/or one or more memory
components 126. The components of the computing device 100 may be
in communication with one another through one or more system buses,
printed circuit board traces, wireless signals, or the like.
[0059] The processor 120 may be substantially any electronic device
cable of processing, receiving, and/or transmitting instructions.
For example, the processor 120 may be a microprocessor or a
microcomputer. Additionally, it should be noted that the processor
120 may include more than one processing member. For example,
select components of the computing device 100 may be controlled by
a first processor and other components of the electronic device 100
may be controlled by a second processor, where the first and second
processors may or may not be in communication with each other.
Continuing with this example, one processor may be included as part
of the I/O device to control one or more components thereof,
whereas a second processor may control aspects of the computing
device 100.
[0060] The memory 126 may store electronic data that may be
utilized by the electronic device 100. For example, the memory 126
may store electrical data or content e.g., audio files, video
files, document files, and so on, corresponding to various
applications. The memory 126 may be, for example, non-volatile
storage, a magnetic storage medium, optical storage medium,
magneto-optical storage medium, read only memory, random access
memory, erasable programmable memory, flash memory, or a
combination of one or more types of memory components.
[0061] The computing device 100 may also include one or more
sensors 122. The sensors 122 may be incorporated into the I/O
device 102 and/or may be in communication therewith. For example,
the I/O device 102 may include one or more capacitive sensors,
force sensors, or the like that may detect inputs to the I/O device
102 from a user. As another example, the computing device 100 may
include one or more accelerometers, image sensors, gyroscopes, or
the like that may be used to sense inputs that may vary the visual
output of the I/O device 102. Continuing with this example, when
the computing device 100 is in a certain position (as detected by
one or more gyroscopes or accelerometers), the I/O device 102 may
display a first set of glyphs and may have a first set of keys that
may be altered with the computing device 100 is moved to a second
position.
[0062] The computing device 100 may also include a power supply 124
to provide power to the I/O device 102, processor 120, display 108,
and other components. The power supply 124 may include one or more
batteries (e.g., lithium ion batteries), a cable to communicatively
couple the computing device 100 to an external power supply (e.g.,
wall outlet), or the like.
[0063] With continued reference to FIG. 3, the I/O device 102 may
include an ink 128 or display that provides a visual output to the
user. As discussed above with respect to FIGS. 2A-2C, the visual
output provided by the ink 128 may be dynamically variable.
However, in other embodiments, (see, e.g., FIG. 23), the visual
output may be static. The I/O device 102 and the ink 128 may be in
communication with the processor 120 and one or more of the sensors
122.
[0064] Illustrative examples of the structure and components of the
I/O device 102 will now be discussed in more detail. FIG. 4 is a
simplified cross-section view of the I/O device 102 taken along
line 4-4 in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is an enlarged simplified view of the
cross-section view of FIG. 4. With reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the
I/O device 102 may include a protective layer 130, the ink 128, and
a substrate 132 or other support.
[0065] The protective layer 130 may be a transparent material, such
as glass or clear plastic, and may include one or more films,
treatments, or coatings (not shown). The protective layer 130 may
form an outer visible surface of the I/O device 102 and may allow
the I/O device 102 to be substantially flush (if desired) with the
enclosure 106, or may otherwise be recessed from or raised above
the enclosure 106. In some embodiments, the protective layer 130
may include one or more capacitive sensors, such as a multi-touch
active matrix, that may sense capacitance changes due to user
touches or inputs. In other embodiments, a touch-sensitive array,
matrix or layer may be defined beneath the ink 128. As will be
discussed in more detail below, the protective layer 130 may also
include one or more pigments, colorants, textures, or reflective or
light transmissive properties that may cooperate to create a
desired visual appearance for the I/O device 102.
[0066] The substrate 132 forms a supporting surface for the I/O
device 102 and connects the I/O device 102 to the computing device
100. In some embodiments, the substrate may be communicatively
coupled to one or more components of the computer device 100.
Additionally, similarly to the protective layer 130, the substrate
may be colored, treated, painted, textured, or the like to affect
the visual appearance of the I/O device 102.
[0067] The ink structure 128 or display may be sandwiched between
the substrate 132 and the protective layer 130. In some
embodiments, the ink 128 may be an electrophoretic or an electronic
ink (e-ink). With reference to FIG. 5, in embodiments where the ink
structure 128 incorporates an e-ink, the ink structure 128 may
include an ink layer 138 bounded by two activation layers 134, 136.
The ink layer 138 may include a plurality of pigment capsules 140a,
140b suspended between the activation layers 134, 136. Each pigment
capsule 140a, 140b includes a plurality of pigment particles 144,
146 suspended in a fluid 142. In some embodiments, the pigment
capsules may be spheres that are sandwiched between the layers
(substrate and the protective layer).
[0068] In other embodiments, the capsules may be defined as pockets
or "cups" formed in a support material. In these examples, walls or
barriers may be formed on a sheet of the support material and the
pigment particles and fluid may be deposited therein. The walls or
barriers, along with a top sealing layer, may enclose each pocket
to form the "capsules." In these embodiments, all of the capsules
within the ink layer or a portion thereof may be interconnected
through the defined pockets within the support material. The
support material and the sealing material or layer may be flexible
and allow the ink structure 128 to be flexed or bent, without
damaging the capsules or allowing the fluid and pigment particles
to leak out. In embodiments including capsules defined in pockets,
the barriers or walls may separate adjacent capsules from each
other, whereas in other embodiments, the capsules may be spatially
separated from each other, but there may not be structures
positioned therebetween.
[0069] In some embodiments, the pigment particles 144, 146 may be
differently colored from each other, e.g., a set of white pigment
particles 144 and set of black or dark pigment particles 146. In
these embodiments, the fluid 142 may be a clear fluid. However, in
other embodiments, the pigment particles 144, 146 may be
substantially the same color and the fluid 142 may be a non-clear
color, that may be different from a color of the pigment particles
144, 146.
[0070] Each of the pigment capsules 140a, 140b may form a pixel of
the I/O device 102. Additionally, each pigment capsules 140a, 140b
may be individually activated by the activation layers 134, 136. In
some embodiments, the top activation layer 134 may be an electrode
layer and may be transparent (e.g., indium tin oxide). The bottom
activation layer 136 may include a plurality of bottom electrodes
148a, 148b. In some embodiments, each pixel or each pigment capsule
140a, 140b may be in communication two or more bottom electrodes
148a, 148b. The activation layers 134, 136 may apply an electric
field to the capsules 140a, 140b and depending on whether the
electric field is positive or negative, the pigment particles 144,
146 may move to a select side of the pigment capsules 140a, 140b.
This is possible as the pigment particles 144, 146 may be
positively or negatively charged. In instances, where there may be
two types or two or more colors of pigment particles, the first
pigment particles 144 may be positively charged whereas with the
second pigment particles 146 may be negatively charged.
[0071] As an example, with reference to FIG. 5, both the bottom
electrodes 148a, 148b in communication with the first pigment
capsule 140a may be negatively charged and the first pigment
particles 144 (which may be positively charged) may move to the top
of the pigment capsule 140a opposite the negative charge, whereas
the second pigment particles 146 (which may be negatively charged)
may move to the bottom of the pigment capsule 140a. In the
embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, with this electric field, the
pigment capsule 140a may display the pigment color in the first
pigment particles 144 that are at the top of the capsules 140a,
i.e., a white color. To switch the displayed color, the electric
field may be modified such that the second or negatively charged
pigment particles 146 may migrate towards the top of the pigment
capsule 140a. In this state, the pigment capsule 140a (when viewed
from the top) may appear black (or the color of the second pigment
particles 146).
[0072] As another example, with continued reference to FIG. 5, in
some embodiments, both sets of pigment particles 144, 146 may be
viewable through a top of the pigment capsules 140a, 140b. To
create this visual appearance, the first bottom electrode 148a may
be negatively charged whereas the second bottom electrode 148b may
be positively charged. In this implementation, as shown in the
second pigment capsule 140b in FIG. 5, the portion of the capsule
140b aligned with the first bottom electrode 148a may be colored
with the pigments of the first pigment capsules 144 and the portion
of the capsule 140b aligned with the second bottom electrode 148b
may be colored with the pigments of the second pigment particles
146. In other words, half the pigment capsule 140b may be a first
color and the other half of the pigment capsule may be a second
color.
[0073] With reference to FIG. 6, in some embodiments, the ink
structure 128 may implement a shutter mode. During shutter mode,
the activation layers 134, 136 may be modified to apply an electric
field that causes the pigment particles 144, 146 to move to the
sides of the capsules 140a, 140b rather than the top or bottoms of
the capsules 140a, 140b. In this implementation, with the pigment
particles 144, 146 positioned on either side of the capsules 140a,
140b the capsules 140a, 140b may appear to a user the color of the
fluid 142 and/or the substrate 132 or bottom activate layer 136 may
be visible. As will be discussed in more detail below, the shutter
function may allow the substrate to vary the appearance of the I/O
device 102.
[0074] The shutter mode may be activated by activating a lateral
electric field across the ink structure 128. The electrodes
applying the electric field may be in plane with either the
substrate 132 and/or the protective layer 130. As another example,
the activation layers may include one or more vertical conductive
structures positioned in the ink structure 128. The vertical
conductive structures may provide a more uniform electric field
across the lateral direction of the ink structure 128.
[0075] In other embodiments, the shutter mode may be activated
using hydrodynamic forces or flow forces. For example, flow forces
within each of the capsules 140a, 140b may be used to cause the
pigment particles to migrate or flow preferentially to select sides
of the capsules. In this example, the electric field may be placed
across the ink structure thickness (e.g., by using the activation
layers 134, 136). The flow forces may be implemented using an
alternating current electric signal at a predetermined frequency.
This is possible as different frequencies may induce varying flow
patterns, so varying the frequency can vary the flow pattern of the
pigment particles.
[0076] Alternatively, a short pulse of high voltage (direct current
or alternating current) can be used to induce a transient flow of
the pigment particles that can cause the pigment particles to move
to select sides of the capsules. After the shutter mode has been
activated, the particles 144, 146 may be re-dispersed using a
different set of alternating or direct current signals.
[0077] In some embodiments, the ink 138 may include pigment
particles of only one color when activating shutter mode (discussed
in more detail below). In this example, the user may be able to see
the substrate 132 during shutter mode or the select color of the
pigment particles. In other words, in these embodiments, the
pigment particles may have a similar charge and therefore all of
the pigments contained within the capsules (or a substantial
portion thereof) may move towards the same edge or side of the
capsules during shutter mode. Alternatively, during a non-shutter
mode operation, the color displayed by capsules may be the color of
all of the pigment particles.
[0078] With reference to FIG. 6, it should be noted that although
FIG. 6 illustrates a shutter mode that causes the differently
charged or colored pigments to migrate to opposite sides of the
capsules 140a, 140b, other embodiments are also envisioned. For
example, during shutter mode, the pigment particles 144, 146 may
migrate to the edge of the capsules 140a, 140b together (e.g.,
towards the same side of the capsules). In this example, all of the
pigment particles 144, 146 (or an intermixed portion thereof), may
travel to the same side of the capsules 140a, 140b regardless of
their pigment color.
Pigment Particles
[0079] In some embodiments, the pigment particles 144, 146 within
the ink structure 128 may be modified to vary the visual appearance
of the I/O device 102. FIG. 7 is a cross-section view of the I/O
device 102 including light reflective particles 150, 152. The light
reflective particles 150, 152 may include a pigment that may be the
same or substantially similar to one of the pigment particles 144,
146, e.g., they may be colored with white or black pigments.
Alternatively or additionally, the reflective particles 150, 152
may be different color than the pigment particles 144, 146 or may
not be colored. As one example, the light reflective particles may
be particles of mica or another reflective mineral, mirrored glass,
or the like.
[0080] The light reflective particles 150, 152 may be positively or
negatively charged. In this example, the light reflective particles
150, 152, if charged, will move with the corresponding pigment
particles 144, 146 as activated by the activation layers 134, 136.
In some embodiments, the ink layer may include only one type of
charged light reflective particles 150, 152, e.g., all the light
reflective particles 150, 152 may only have a single type of
charge. In other examples, the light reflective particles 150, 152
may not be charged. In this example, the light reflective particles
150, 152 may be randomly distributed within the pigment capsules
140a, 140b. As yet another example, the pigment capsules 140a, 140b
may include a mixture of charged and uncharged reflective particles
150, 152.
[0081] With reference to FIG. 7, as light enters into the I/O
device 102 and through the protective layer 130, the light be
reflected off of the light reflective particles 150, 152. The light
reflective particles 150, 152 may be selected to have one or more
light reflectance properties that match or are similar to the
material of the enclosure of the device 106. In this manner, the
I/O device 102 may have a similar or matching light reflectance to
the enclosure, which may increase the visibility of the I/O device
102 in certain lighting conditions.
[0082] In another example, the pigment particles 144, 146 and/or
the light reflective particles 150, 152 may include a pigment that
is visible under light other than white light (such as a black
light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, and so on). For example,
the pigment particles 144, 146 and/or the light reflective
particles 150, 152 may include fluorescent pigments. This may allow
the I/O device 102, and specifically, the glyphs displayed by the
I/O device 102, to be better visible in a number of different
lighting environments.
[0083] In some embodiments, a plurality of the pigment particles
144, 146 may be translucent. FIG. 8A is a cross-section view of the
I/O device 102 including transparent particles. With reference to
FIG. 8A, the second capsule 140b may include the transparent
particles 158 in lieu of or in addition to the second pigment
particles 146. Depending on the spacing between each of the pigment
capsules 140a, 140b, in some instances, the transparent particles
158 may allow a portion of the substrate 130 and/or bottom
activation layer 136 to be visible from the outer surface of the
I/O device 102. This may enhance the visibility of the pigmented
particles 144, 146 as the substrate may be colored to match the
enclosure material and the colored pigment particles may stand out
better against that particular color.
[0084] The transparent particles 158 may be intermixed with the
pigment particles 144, 146 so that the transmissivity of the
capsules 140a, 140b overall may be enhanced. This may allow objects
underneath the ink structure 128 to be visible (or partially
visible) through the ink structure 128. Additionally, in some
embodiments, every other capsule 140a, 140b (or other variations of
groups of capsules) may include transparent particles 158. In some
embodiments some of the capsules may include only transparent
particles 158 and no pigment particles.
[0085] It should be noted that the light reflective particles 150,
152 and/or the pigment particles 144, 146 may have pigments or
colorants that may be selected to substantially match the color or
pattern of the enclosure 106. For example, in some instances, the
enclosure 106 may be anodized aluminum and in these instances, one
or more of the particles may be selected to be mica, aluminum, or
the like that may substantially match the anodized aluminum.
[0086] In other embodiments, the ink structure 128 may include a
plurality of translucent capsules. FIG. 8B is a cross-section view
of the I/O device 102 including a plurality of translucent capsules
190a, 190b. The translucent capsules 190a, 190b may be interspersed
with the pigment capsules 140a, 104b. The translucent capsules
190a, 190b may include the fluid 142 suspended therein, but may not
include any pigment particles or the pigment particles may also be
translucent. The translucent capsules 190a, 190b may be mixed with
the pigment capsules 140a, 140b to increase the transmissivity of
the I/O device 102.
[0087] In some embodiments, the size, density, and/or shape of the
pigment particles 144, 146 may be modified to create a desired
visual appearance of the I/O device 102. FIG. 9 is a cross-section
view of the I/O device 102 including pigment particles of varying
diameters. With reference to FIG. 9, the capsules 140a, 140b may
include differently sized pigment particles 164, 166 that may be
larger or smaller than the pigment particles 144, 146. As shown in
FIG. 9, the capsules 140, 140b, may include large pigment particles
164, 166 mixed with the pigment particles. The mixture of
differently sized particles 144, 146, 164, 166 may vary the pattern
and the visual appearance of the ink structure 128. This may allow
the ink structure 128 to have an increased viewability in a variety
of lighting conditions. In some embodiments, the ratio of small,
medium, and large pigment particles may be selected to match the
appearance of the enclosure 106 or other portion of the electronic
device 100. This may create a uniform appearance for the I/O device
102 and the electronic device 100.
[0088] It should be noted that although FIG. 9 illustrates only a
mix of larger particles 164, 166 and normal sized particles 144,
146, other mixtures are envisioned. For example, the capsules 140a,
140b may include a plurality of sizes, e.g., more than three
different diameters. Additionally, the shape, diameter, or the like
of the capsules may be varied to match a desired pattern or texture
appearance and/or to allow the substrate 132 to be partially
visible through the ink structure 128. Moreover, in some
embodiments, only one of the negatively or positively charged
pigment particles may include variable sizes.
[0089] As another example, the density of the pigment particles
suspended in the pigment capsules may be increased or decreased to
match a pattern, texture, and/or color of the enclosure.
Variations to the Substrate
[0090] In some embodiments it may be desirable to vary one or more
characteristics on the substrate 132 to modify the appearance of
the I/O device 102. With reference again to FIG. 6, in some
embodiments, the substrate 132 may be colored, patterned, or
include an image. As shown in FIG. 6, the substrate 132 may be
colored with one or more colors. Coloring or patterning the
substrate 132 may change the visual appearance of the ink structure
128 and the I/O device 102. For example, during shutter mode when
the pigment particles 144, 146 are pulled to the sides of the
capsules 140a, 140b, the substrate 132 may be visible through the
ink structure 128. In instances where the substrate 132 is colored,
the color of the substrate may provide additional contrast to the
ink in the structure 128. Additionally, the substrate 132 color may
further blend the I/O device 102 with the enclosure 106 or other
portions of the electronic device 100. For example, the substrate
132 may be the same material as the enclosure 106 or may be colored
to match the color of the enclosure 106, which may provide a
uniform appearance.
[0091] With continued reference to FIG. 6, using the shutter mode,
one or more images or graphics on the substrate 132 may be made
visible. This may functionally provide another visible glyph for
the I/O device 102. The glyph or graphic on the substrate 132 may
have a different color or appearance from the glyphs provided by
the ink layer 138, and thus may increase the number of options of
the dynamically variable images capable of being displayed by the
device 102.
[0092] In other embodiments, the substrate 132 may be textured; for
example, it may be rough. FIG. 10A is a simplified cross-section
view of the I/O device 102 having a textured substrate. With
reference to FIG. 10A, the substrate 132 may include a textured
upper surface 168. The textured upper surface 168 may interface
with the ink structure 128. The ink layer 138 may be applied to the
substrate 132 and conform to the textured surface 168. As the ink
layer 138 conforms to the ridges, bumps, and other textures, the
appearance of the I/O device 102 may be varied and may enhance the
contrast of the I/O device 102.
[0093] The pattern or texture of the surface 168 of the substrate
132 may be configured to create an appearance of the I/O device 102
that may at least partially match the appearance of the enclosure
106 of the computing device 100. In other embodiments, the surface
168 may be configured to match another material that may
distinguish the I/O device 102 from the enclosure 106. In this
manner, during a non-shutter mode, the I/O device 102 may have an
appearance that blends with the enclosure 106 and then during
shutter mode, the I/O device 102 may stand out from the enclosure
106 and have contrast therewith.
[0094] It should be noted that the variations to the substrate 132
may be implemented on the substrate itself or may be a film,
coating, or laminate positioned thereon. For example, a textured
film may be applied to surface of the substrate to create the
textured substrate.
[0095] In some embodiments, the substrate 132 may have a variable
thickness. FIG. 10B is a cross-section view of the I/O device 102
including a substrate with a varying thickness. With reference to
FIG. 10B, the substrate 132 may have thickness that varies across
either the length or the width of the ink structure 128. The
variable thickness may position the ink structure 128 at an angle,
which may increase the contrast of glyphs displayed by the ink
structure 128. For example, a first end of the substrate 132 may
have a first thickness T1 and a second end of the substrate may
have a second thickness T2, where the second thickness T2 is less
than the first thickness T1.
[0096] The difference in thicknesses may be a height H, and the
height H may determine the angle that the ink structure 128 may be
positioned relative to a horizontal plane or surface. The angle may
increase the light reflectance of the I/O device 102 in select
directions, which may increase the contrast of the display of the
I/O device 102 at certain viewing angles. Although the substrate is
shown as having a varying thickness, in other embodiments, the
substrate may include a film or coating that may create the varying
thickness. See, for example, FIG. 14.
[0097] In yet other embodiments, the substrate 132 may include an
increased light transmissivity. FIG. 11 is a cross-section view of
the I/O device 102 including a perforated substrate 132. With
reference to FIG. 11, the substrate 132 may be micro-perforated to
include a variety of apertures 170a, 170b defined therethrough. The
apertures 170a, 170b may be substantially any diameter. In some
embodiments, the apertures 170a, 170b may have a sufficiently small
diameter to provide support for the ink structure 128, while still
allowing light to be transmitted through the substrate.
[0098] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11, a light source 172
may be positioned on a bottom or back side of the substrate 132.
The light source 172 may be activated and light rays may be
transmitted through the apertures 170a, 170b. The light transmitted
through the substrate 132 may alter the appearance of the I/O
device 102 and may be used to display one or more glyphs or change
the appearance of one of more glyphs. For example, the light source
172 may be a colored light and may "highlight" a particular glyph
displayed by the ink structure 128. As another example, the light
transmitted through the substrate 132 may create the appearance of
light reflecting off the surface of the I/O device 102. This may
allow the I/O device 102 to have a uniform appearance with the
enclosure 106 or other element of the computing device 100 (e.g.,
the apertures and light source may be selected to match the light
reflecting properties of the enclosure or other element of the
computing device 100).
[0099] It should be noted that the substrate 132 to which the ink
structure 128 is connected to may not only be textured, but may
also be a non-flat surface. For example, the substrate may form a
shape, have one or more angles or curves, or the like. In these
embodiments, the shape of the I/O device 102 may be varied from a
planar element to an element that may have a textured feel. For
example, the I/O device 102 may include static button or key
borders that may be defined by ridges in the I/O device 102 (e.g.,
the ridges in the substrate and ink as applied thereto).
Additionally, the curvature, texture, or the like of the substrate
may change the appearance, feel, and the like of the I/O device 102
or the ink layer 128.
Overlays and Films
[0100] In some embodiments, the I/O device 102 may include one or
more coatings, overlays, films, or the like to improve the
visibility of the glyphs or modify the appearance of the I/O device
102. FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate a cross-section view of the I/O
device 102 including a modifying film 178. With reference to FIGS.
12A and 12B, the modifying film 178 may be positioned between the
ink structure 128 and the protective layer 130. In some
embodiments, the modifying film 178 may be formed as a bottom
surface of the protective layer 130 or may be positioned on top of
the protective layer 130 or on the substrate 132.
[0101] The modifying film 178 may modify the appearance, either the
pattern, color, or light properties of the ink structure 128. For
example, as shown in FIG. 12A, the modifying film 178 may include a
faceted surface including a plurality of facets 180. The facets 180
may terminate in ridges or apexes and each facet 180 may reflect
light that enters into the I/O device 102 from the protective layer
130 back through the protective layer 130. The reflected light may
enhance the contrast and/or visibility of the glyphs displayed by
the ink structure 128. Additionally, as discussed above with
respect to the substrate, the modified light reflectance may be
configured to match a desired element, such as to match the light
reflectance of the enclosure 106 in order to enhance one or more
viewing characteristics of the I/O device.
[0102] As another example, with respect to FIG. 12B, the modifying
film 178 may have undulations 182. The undulations 182 may, similar
to the facets 180, act to change the reflectance of light from the
I/O device 102. It should be noted that although the modifying film
178 has been illustrated as having a particular texture or pattern,
many other patterns and textures are envisioned. For example,
parallel ridges, grooves, or the like may be used to modify the
characteristics of the I/O device 102.
[0103] In other embodiments, the modifying film 178 may include
pigments, particles, or fragments positioned therein. FIG. 13 is a
cross-section view of the I/O device 102 including a modifying film
178 having flecks 184 suspended therein. The flecks 184 may be
pigments, colorants, or the like, that may vary the visual
appearance of the I/O device 102. The density of the flecks 184 and
the color of the flecks 184 may be selected to enhance the contrast
of the glyphs of the I/O device or to decrease the contrast of the
I/O device 102 with the enclosure 106 (e.g., to substantially match
the enclosure 106). In some embodiments, the flecks 184 may be
metallic particles that may match the color and/to pattern of the
enclosure 106.
[0104] In some implementations, the flecks 184 may include mirrored
particles or may otherwise have reflective properties. In these
implementations, the flecks 184 may increase the amount of light
transmitted/reflected from the I/O device 102, which may help
improve one or more viewable characteristics in certain
conditions.
[0105] In some embodiments, the thickness of the modifying film 178
may be varied along a width or length of the I/O device 102. FIG.
14 is a simplified cross-section view of the I/O device 102
including the modifying film having a variable thickness. With
reference to FIG. 14, the modifying film 178 may have a thickness
that decreases from one end of the substrate towards the other. By
varying the thickness of the film 178, the light reflecting
properties of the film may also be varied, which may modify the
light reflecting properties of the I/O device 102. Additionally,
the variable thickness may act to change the pitch of the film 178
on the ink structure 128, i.e., change the angle that light hits
certain portions of the film 178. It should be noted that the pitch
of the film 178 may be varied in other manners, such as by
increasing the thickness of the top activation layer 134, adding a
support structure or layer between the film and the activation
layer, or the like. By varying the pitch or thickness of the
modifying film 178, the brightness of the displayed glyphs may be
enhanced, especially at certain angles. For example, the modifying
film 178 may be configured to have an enhanced brightness when
viewed from a particular direction, such as when viewing the I/O
device 102 from a front of the computing device 100.
[0106] The modifying film 178 may also include a reflective or
shiny surface. For example, the modifying film 178, which can be
positioned on either surface of the protective layer 130, may have
a shiny or reflective surface. The shiny surface may enhance the
contrast of the ink structure 128 and may enhance one or more
viewing characteristics or viewing impression of the I/O device
102. As another example, the modifying film 178 may include a
pattern (that may be transparent, opaque, or partially
transparent). The pattern may be selected to provide a desired
textured appearance to the I/O device 102 and/or the ink structure
128. As one example, the pattern may be selected to match the
pattern on the enclosure 106 or other portion of the computing
device 100, e.g., the pattern or appearance of the material used to
form the enclosure 106.
[0107] In some embodiments, the I/O device 102 may include a
collimating layer or component. FIG. 15A is a cross-section view of
the I/O device including a collimating component 188. FIG. 15B is a
top plan view of the I/O device of FIG. 15A having a key displaying
a glyph. With reference to FIGS. 15A and 15B, the I/O device 102
may include a collimating component 188 positioned between the ink
structure 128 and the protective layer 130. It should be noted that
the collimating component 188 may be positioned on a top surface of
the protective layer 130 or may form the protective layer 130 for
the I/O device 102.
[0108] The collimating component 188 may translate the display
provided by the ink layer 138 to have a different depth appearance.
In other words, the display glyph 114b may appear to lie
essentially at the outer surface of the collimating component 118,
rather than at the ink layer. Depending on the position of the
collimating component 188, the glyph 114b may appear to lie on the
outer surface of the I/O device 102, which may enhance the contrast
and the appearance of the display glyph. Additionally, the
collimating component 188 may enlarge the glyph 114b, which may
allow the glyph 114b to be more easily viewable from farther
distances.
[0109] The collimating component 118 may be glass or another
transparent material that collimates light waves as they pass
therethrough. In some embodiments, the collimating component 118
may be a glass layer that forms the protective layer of the I/O
device 102 and thus may also act as a defense layer for the ink
structure 128, as well as enhance the appearance of the glyphs. The
collimating component 118 may have a thickness ranging between 0.3
to 1 mm thick and in one embodiment 0.5 mm thick.
Lighting of the I/O Device
[0110] The I/O device 102 may be lit to increase the contrast,
brightness, and other viewing characteristics. In some embodiments,
the I/O device 102 may include its own lighting source and/or may
use reflected light from another element. FIG. 16 is a side
perspective view of I/O device harvesting light from the display of
the computing device. FIG. 17 is an enlarged top plan view of the
computing device illustrating edge lighting for the I/O device 102.
As shown in FIG. 16, in some embodiments, the I/O device 102 may
harvest light from the display 108 of the computing device. For
example, the display 108 may be a liquid crystal (LCD) display,
plasma screen display, or the like and may emit light as it
provides a visual output for the computing device 100. The I/O
device 102 may be positioned on the front surface of the bottom
enclosure 106 to receive light transmitted from the display 108. As
light waves are transmitted from the display 108 they may be
absorbed by the I/O device 102 and then reflected therefrom.
[0111] As described above with respect to FIGS. 7, 10A, 12A, 12B,
and 13, the I/O device 102 may include one or more elements that
reflect light. For example, as light encounters the textured
modifying film 178, the light may be reflected back through the
protective layer 130. As another example, one or more of the light
reflecting particles 150, 152 may reflect light that reaches the
capsules 140a, 140b. As the light from the display is reflected
back from the I/O device 102, the ink structure 128 and the glyphs
displayed by the ink structure 128 may appear brighter and may be
more easily read by a user. Additionally, by harvesting light from
the display, the I/O device 102 may not need its own light source
and may reuse light without requiring additional power consumption
by the computing device 100.
[0112] With reference now to FIG. 17, in some embodiments, the I/O
device 102 may include its own light source. An edge or perimeter
light 202 may surround at least a portion of the I/O device 102. In
some embodiments, the perimeter light 202 may surround the entire
perimeter of the I/O device 102 and emit light that may increase
the brightness of the I/O device 102. In some embodiments, the
perimeter light 202 may surround the ink structure 128 and be
positioned beneath the protective layer 130 to blend in with the
I/O device 102. In other words, the perimeter light 202 may be
configured to substantially blend with the I/O device 102 and
provide a uniform appearance.
[0113] It should be noted that the edge light 202 may light only a
portion of the I/O device 102. For example, the edge light 202 may
be positioned on a front end of a forehead of the enclosure 106
(e.g., an area between the edge or hinge of the bottom enclosure
and the upper enclosure supporting the display 108). In this
embodiment, the edge light 202 may act as a front light to light
the I/O device 102. In other embodiments, the edge light 202 may be
positioned only on the sides of the of I/O device 102 or on the
bottom of the I/O device 102. In other words, the edge light 202
may be configured based on the desired lighting for the I/O device
102.
[0114] With reference again to FIG. 11, the lighting techniques
discussed above with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17 may be used in
addition to the light source 172 in the I/O device 102 embodiment
illustrated in FIG. 11. For example, the light source 172 may
illuminate the I/O device 102 from beneath the substrate and the
perimeter light 202 and/or the light harvesting techniques may be
used to further reflect light around and through the I/O device
102. The combination of lighting sources may further increase the
brightness of the I/O device 102, enhancing the user's ability to
view the displayed glyphs and keys.
Glyph and Key Dynamic Transitions
[0115] In some embodiments, the I/O device 102 may include
transitions between dynamic changes to the size, shape, and/or
glyphs displayed on the keyboard. For example, the I/O device 102
may flash, rapidly change pixel colors, change from black to white
(or other colors) before displaying the new key size, shape, and/or
glyph. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a portion of the I/O
device 102 as it transitions between a first set of displayed
glyphs to a second set. With reference to FIG. 18, at block (1),
the first key 110a displays a first glyph 112a and the second key
110b displays a second glyph 112b. As the I/O device 102 begins to
dynamically change its displayed, the display of the I/O device 102
may transition to block (2). At block (2), the I/O device 102 may
display "sparkles" or randomly activated dots, asterisks, or other
desired graphics. The block (2) graphic may be a transition graphic
204 that may cover the entire length of the I/O device 102 or a
portion thereof (e.g., just the keys that are changing). In lieu of
graphics, the electric field may be varied to attract ink to the
outer surfaces of one or more pigment capsules 140. If the electric
field is varied on a relatively discrete basis (for example, a
particle by particle basis) and the ink particles 146 contain a
reflective pigment or other element, a sparkling effect may
occur.
[0116] After the transition graphic has been displayed, the I/O
device 102 may then display the new glyphs 114a, 114b for the keys
110a, 110b as shown in block (3). It should be noted that in some
embodiments, the size and/or shape of the keys 110a, 110b may also
change (as shown in FIG. 2C), and thus the transition graphic 204
may also be applied between transitions between key sizes and
shapes, as well as transitions between glyphs.
[0117] The transition graphic may be substantially any image or
images that are desired. For example, the transition graphic may be
a display of one color (e.g., black of white) or may be a display
of multiple colors, shapes of the like. In one embodiment, the
transition graphic may include a logo, trademark, or the like.
Additionally, the transition graphic may be modified when the
computing device 100 is turned on or off.
[0118] By displaying the transition graphic 204 between changes in
the display of the I/O device 102, lag that may occur in the
display due to the pigment particles 144, 146 changing may be
hidden. For example, by using a transition graphic 204 that appears
to "sparkle," the lag between pixel changes may be obscured behind
the asterisks or stars. In other words, the transition graphic 204
may be configured to resist or hide contrast degradation that may
occur as electric field in the ink structure 128 is modified and
the pigment particles 144, 146 change orientation.
[0119] In some embodiments, the transition graphic 204 may be a
pattern that matches the enclosure 106 or other portions of the
computing device 100. In these embodiments, the I/O device 102 may
be appear uniform with the enclosure 106 during a transition, which
may enhance the contrast of the glyphs when they are displayed
after the transition graphic 204.
[0120] In other examples, groups of pixels may be refreshed at
different times to avoid the entire display flashing white or black
as the display is refreshed. In one example, a spacing distance may
be defined that may determine the minimum separation between
refreshing pixels and non-refreshing pixels. By spacing the
refreshing pixels apart from non-refreshing pixels, the transition
between a first glyph and a second glyph (or other display
transition) may be less noticeable to a user and may appear more
seamless. In a second example, pixels to be refreshed at a given
time may be selected randomly and there may be a time delay between
each group of refreshing pixels. In this example, a predetermined
group of pixels may be refreshed at a time, with the predetermined
number being less than the total number of pixels in the display.
Similar to the first example, in this second example, the
transition between a first glyph and a second glyph (or button
area) may appear seamless.
[0121] In other embodiments, pixels to be refreshed may be selected
based, at least in part, on the color of the surrounding pixels.
For example, pixels in a relatively low color density area of the
display may be refreshed first, which may obscure the transitioning
pixels within the non-transitioning pixels to create the appearance
of faster transition and improve the user experience with the
device. As another example, refreshing pixels may be hidden within
a dynamic transition. In other words, if one portion of group of
pixels for the I/O device 102 is changing, a second portion or
group or pixels that may remain unchanged can be refreshed (if
necessary). In this example, the refreshing pixels may be embedded
within the dynamic change of the display and may not be as obvious
to a user.
Edge Transitions
[0122] The I/O device may be connected with the enclosure and/or
display of the computing device in a manner that may provide a
transition region between the display and the enclosure. FIG. 19 is
a top plan view of another embodiment of the computing device
including the I/O device positioned between the display and the
enclosure. With reference to FIG. 19, the I/O device 302 may be
positioned as a buffer or transition between the display 308 and
the enclosure 306 of the computing device 300.
[0123] Because the I/O device 302 may have a display that uses
e-ink, but still displays glyphs, graphics, and the like, the
display 308 (which may be a LCD, plasma, or the like), may appear
to more gradually transition into the non-display or bezel region
352 boarding the perimeter of the display 308. Additionally, in
this position, the I/O device 302 may provide additional input
regions for the computing device 300.
[0124] In some embodiments, portions of the I/O device 302 may act
to conceal certain proportions of the display, e.g., circuitry and
other components that are often concealed in the dead band of an
electronic display. As will be described in more detail below, once
the pigment particles in the capsules have been set in a particular
orientation, power to the I/O device 302 can be removed and the
images displayed by the ink may remain displayed. Thus, the I/O
device 302 may act to conceal the circuitry elements of the
display, but have a permanent character, graphic, or the like,
displayed thereon. As another example, the ink layer may be
feathered out or gradually decrease from the edge of the display
308 towards the edge of the enclosure 306.
[0125] In some embodiments, the I/O device 302 may be applied to a
non-planar surface. For example, one or more components of the I/O
device 302 may curve around a corner or the like. FIG. 20 is a
cross-section view of the computing device taken along line 20-20
in FIG. 19. With reference to FIG. 20, the substrate 332 may
include a corner 340 or edge, such as at the edge 350 of the
display 308 between the display and the enclosure 306. The ink 328,
including the activation layers 334, 334 and ink layer 338 may also
bend at a corner 342 to follow the shape of the substrate 332. In
some embodiments, a tab 360 may be formed as area of the I/O device
302 as it extends around the corner 342.
[0126] The tab 360 may form an active portion of the I/O device
302. In some implementations, the ink 328 may be applied to a
non-planar surface, such as by using a thin film transistor display
for the activation layers 334, 336, which may allow the activation
layers to bend and conform to non-planar surfaces and maintain an
electrical connection.
[0127] The techniques described herein may be incorporated into a
flexible display. For example, the I/O device 102 may be applied to
a flexible substrate, which may allow the display of the I/O device
to flex or bend. As a specific example, the pockets or cups
defining the capsules may be used to form a flexible display that
may experience torsion and/or compression.
Dual Mode I/O Device
[0128] The I/O device 102 may provide input and output functions,
as well as provide communication between one or more components of
the computing device or other computing devices. FIG. 21 is a top
perspective view of the computing device 100 including an antenna
region. FIG. 22 is a cross-section view of the computing device
taken along line 22-22 in FIG. 21. With reference to FIGS. 21 and
22, the computing device 100 may include an antenna region 402
connected with the I/O device 102. The antenna region 402 may form
a part of the I/O device 102 or be separated therefrom. In one
embodiment, an antenna component 404 may be positioned beneath at
least a portion of the I/O device 102, e.g., below the ink layer
138 and the activation layers 134, 136.
[0129] The antenna 404 may be substantially any component that may
transmit and/or receive radio signals. The antenna 404 may be
positioned below one or more layers of the I/O device 102. For
example, in embodiments where the ink structure 128 is e-ink, the
ink layer 138 and the activation layers 134, 136 may be dielectric
materials. Continuing with this example, due to the dielectric
nature of the materials, radio waves transmitted from the antenna
404 may be transmitted therethrough. In these embodiments, the size
of the computing device 100 may be reduced as portions of the
enclosure 106 that are typically reserved for an antenna may be
used of the I/O device 102, while still maintaining the
transmission properties.
[0130] It should be noted that although the antenna 404 is
illustrated as being a separate component from the I/O device 102,
in some embodiments the antenna 404 may be integrated with one or
more components of the I/O device 102. For example, one or both of
the activation layers 134, 136 may a material that can also
function as antenna. As one example, one or both of the activation
layers may include thin film transistors on a glass or other
substrate and the transistor layer could be used as an antenna.
[0131] Although in FIG. 22 the antenna 404 is illustrated as being
positioned beneath the ink structure 128, in some embodiments, the
antenna may 404 may adjacent the ink structure 128. For example,
the antenna reign 402 may include the protective layer 130 and the
antenna 404 component, but the ink structure 128 may be omitted. In
this embodiment, the protective layer 130 may include one or more
modifying films that may allow the antenna 404 to appear similar to
the ink structure 128, so that the antenna region 402 may have a
substantially uniform appearance with the I/O device 102.
Lower or No Power Display
[0132] In some embodiments, the I/O device 102 may be used to
create a graphic for the electronic device that may be variable,
but may not require a substantial amount of power. FIG. 23 is a top
plan view of a back side of the upper enclosure 106 of the
computing device 100. FIG. 24 is a cross-section view of the
computing device taken along line 24-24 in FIG. 23. With reference
to FIGS. 23 and 24, the ink structure 128 of the I/O device may be
visible through a window defined into enclosure to create a graph
408. The graphic 408 may be defined by one or more apertures in the
enclosure 106 and the orientation of the I/O device 102. The
graphic 408 may be substantially any type of image, such as, but
not limited to, a trademark, logo, glyph, symbol, or the like.
[0133] In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 23 and 24, the I/O
device 102 may be configured to only provide a visual output and
may thus save power consumption. However in other embodiments, the
I/O device 102 may be configured to receive user inputs in addition
to providing the visual output. Additionally or alternatively, the
I/O device 102 may be configured to modify one or more
characteristics of the graphic 408, such as the color, pattern, or
the like, based on one or more inputs, parameters, or the like.
[0134] With reference to FIG. 24, in embodiments, where I/O device
102 may be low powered (or may be disconnected from a power
supply), the graphic 408 may be substantially static. To form the
graphic, the pigment particles 144, 146 may be stimulated in a
particular manner by a stimulating wand 410. The wand 410 may vary
the electric field applied to the pigment particles 144, 146
(without or in addition to the activate layers). Because the wand
410 may be an external component from the I/O device 102, the I/O
device 102 may not need to include a connection to a power supply.
Additionally, once the graphic 408 has been set by the wand 410,
the graphic 408 may be somewhat permanent (at least until the
electric field experienced by the pigment particles is varied
again).
[0135] In some embodiments, with reference to FIGS. 11 and 23, the
I/O device 102 may include the light source positioned beneath the
portions of the ink structure 128 exposed through the enclosure
106. In this example, the light source 172 may illuminate the
graphic 408. The illumination for the graphic 408 may enhance the
contrast between the graphic and the enclosure and my provide an
output to the user indicating a change in status of the computing
device (e.g., the light source may be activated when the computer
turns on). In this example, the light source may be a discrete
light source, such as a light emitting diode or may be light from
the backside of the display 108 or other source of light of the
computing device 100. In embodiments where the light source may be
from another element of the computing device 100, the ink structure
128 may act to somewhat filter the light to reduce its brightness.
For example, with a high resolution display, using the display
light to illuminate the graphic without reducing or filtering the
light may result in a very bright graphic, which could be
unappealing to some users.
Sensing Functions
[0136] In some embodiments, the I/O device 102 may include one or
more sensors to detect user inputs. As described above, the
protective layer 130 may include one or more capacitive sensors
components that may detect a user's touch. However, other sensing
mechanisms are also envisioned. FIG. 25 is a cross-section view of
the I/O device 102 including a force sensor. With reference to FIG.
25, a force sensor 412 may be sandwiched in the stack of the I/O
device 102. In some examples, such as the example shown in FIG. 25,
the force sensor 412 may be positioned between the ink structure
128 and the substrate 132. In other examples, the force sensor 412
may be connected to a portion of the protective layer 130 or the
like.
[0137] The force sensor 412 may be substantially any type of sensor
that may detect a change in force. For example, the force sensor
412 may include a cantilevered beam anchored to one portion of the
enclosure 106 that can bend due to deflection of the I/O device
102. In this example, the strain sensed by the beam may be
translated to an input force and may be used by the I/O device 102
as a user input.
[0138] Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the I/O
device 102 may include one or more haptic actuators that may
provide feedback to the user. For example, the haptic actuators may
rotate or laterally move the protective cover 130 or the entire I/O
structure in response to a user input. This may provide feedback to
a user, in addition to the visual feedback provided by the display
of the I/O device 102.
CONCLUSION
[0139] The foregoing description has broad application. For
example, while examples disclosed herein may focus on discrete
embodiments, it should be appreciated that the concepts disclosed
herein may be combined together and implemented in a single
structure. Additionally, although the various embodiments may be
discussed with respect to e-ink, the techniques and structures may
be implemented using substantially any other type of modifiable
display. Accordingly, the discussion of any embodiment is meant
only to be an example and is not intended to suggest that the scope
of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these
examples.
* * * * *