U.S. patent application number 14/823662 was filed with the patent office on 2015-12-24 for apparatus and method for improving psychophysiological function for performance under stress.
The applicant listed for this patent is Biofeedback Systems Design, LLC. Invention is credited to Andrew M. Bourhis, Daniel A. Kusik, Dejan Stankovic.
Application Number | 20150366502 14/823662 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53539922 |
Filed Date | 2015-12-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150366502 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kusik; Daniel A. ; et
al. |
December 24, 2015 |
Apparatus and Method for Improving Psychophysiological Function for
Performance Under Stress
Abstract
A computer-implemented method for improving psychophysiological
function for performance of a subject under stress includes, after
a plurality of sensors that monitor stress-indicating physiological
parameters have been coupled to the subject, exposing the subject,
using computer processes, to at least one training segment during
which is determined a degree to which the subject has achieved a
targeted level of least one stress-indicating physiological
parameter as to be indicative of coherence in the subject.
Additionally, the method includes providing, to the subject,
feedback indicative of the degree to which the subject has achieved
the targeted level of the at least one parameter as to be
indicative of coherence in the subject.
Inventors: |
Kusik; Daniel A.; (Carlisle,
MA) ; Stankovic; Dejan; (Medford, MA) ;
Bourhis; Andrew M.; (San Rafael, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Biofeedback Systems Design, LLC |
Carlisle |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
53539922 |
Appl. No.: |
14/823662 |
Filed: |
August 11, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
14309497 |
Jun 19, 2014 |
9138558 |
|
|
14823662 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/301 ;
600/300; 600/508; 600/529; 600/547; 600/549 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M 2021/0027 20130101;
A61B 5/4836 20130101; A61M 2230/65 20130101; A61M 2230/42 20130101;
A61B 5/02055 20130101; G06F 19/3481 20130101; G16H 40/63 20180101;
A61B 5/0531 20130101; A61B 5/4884 20130101; A61M 2021/005 20130101;
G16H 20/00 20180101; G06F 19/34 20130101; G16H 20/70 20180101; A61B
5/021 20130101; A61B 5/165 20130101; A61B 5/742 20130101; A61B
5/0022 20130101; A61B 5/4035 20130101; A61B 5/486 20130101; A61M
2205/3584 20130101; A61M 2021/0022 20130101; A61B 5/0816 20130101;
A61M 2021/0088 20130101; A61B 5/02 20130101; G16H 20/30 20180101;
A61M 21/02 20130101; G09B 19/00 20130101; G16H 50/20 20180101; G16H
20/40 20180101; A61M 2230/04 20130101; A61B 5/02 20130101; A61B
5/165 20130101; A61B 5/4884 20130101; A61B 5/4836 20130101; G06F
19/34 20130101; A61B 5/4076 20130101; A61B 5/4836 20130101; G16H
20/00 20180101; A61B 5/4076 20130101; A61B 5/4836 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61B 5/00 20060101
A61B005/00; A61B 5/0205 20060101 A61B005/0205 |
Claims
1. A computer-implemented method for improving psychophysiological
function for performance of a subject under stress, the method
comprising: in a baseline determination computer process, (a)
receiving, from each of a plurality of sensors coupled to the
subject and having an output coupled to the computer via a sensor
interface, a measurement stream that quantifies a respective
physiological parameter of the subject, and (b) storing, for each
of the plurality of sensors, a measurement of a baseline level of
the respective physiological parameter as measured by the sensor
when the subject is not under stress; in a stress determination
computer process, while monitoring the measurement streams from
each of the plurality of sensors, for each stress-inducing activity
in a plurality of stress-inducing activities: (a) presenting the
stress-inducing activity to the subject, and (b) storing, for each
of the plurality of sensors, a measurement of a stress condition
level of the respective physiological parameter as measured by the
sensor when the subject is performing the stress-inducing activity;
in a relaxation determination computer process, while monitoring
the measurement streams from each of the plurality of sensors, for
each relaxation-inducing protocol in a plurality of
relaxation-inducing protocols: (a) presenting the
relaxation-inducing protocol to the subject, and (b) storing, for
each of the plurality of sensors, a measurement of a relaxation
condition level of the respective physiological parameter as
measured by the sensor when the subject is performing the
relaxation-inducing protocol; and in a characterization computer
process, (a) identifying a physiological parameter that is
particularly indicative of stress and relaxation in the subject,
wherein identifying is based on the stored measurements of the
baseline levels, the stress-condition levels, and the
relaxation-condition levels, (b) determining, with respect to the
identified physiological parameter, a stress-inducing activity that
is effective at inducing stress in the subject and a protocol that
is effective at inducing relaxation in the subject, and (c) storing
data characterizing the identified physiological parameter and the
determined stress-inducing activity and relaxation-inducing
protocol.
2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising: in a training
computer process, while monitoring the sensor that provides the
measurement stream quantifying the identified physiological
parameter, carrying out the determined relaxation-inducing protocol
until the subject achieves a state in which the subject maintains
alertness with a relative minimum of stress, such state referred to
herein as "coherence", wherein such state is determined to have
been achieved when the sensor provides a measurement of the
parameter corresponding to the baseline level.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein providing training
includes, in a first training segment, while monitoring the sensor
that provides the measurement stream quantifying the identified
physiological parameter, prompting the subject to carry out the
determined relaxation-inducing protocol until the subject achieves
the state of coherence, wherein such state is determined to have
been achieved when the sensor provides a measurement of the
parameter corresponding to the baseline level.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein providing training
further includes, in a second training segment, while monitoring
the sensor that provides the measurement stream quantifying the
identified physiological parameter, prompting the subject to carry
out the determined relaxation-inducing protocol while also
presenting feedback indicative of the value of the identified
physiological parameter as measured by the sensor, until the
subject achieves the state of coherence, wherein such state is
determined to have been achieved when the sensor provides a
measurement of the parameter corresponding to the baseline
level.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein providing training
thereafter includes, in a third training segment, while monitoring
the sensor that provides the measurement stream quantifying the
identified physiological parameter, presenting to the subject
feedback indicative of the value of the identified physiological
parameter as measured by the sensor, without prompting the subject
to carry out the determined relaxation-inducing protocol, until the
subject achieves the state of coherence, wherein such state is
determined to have been achieved when the sensor provides a
measurement of the parameter corresponding to the baseline
level.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein providing training
thereafter includes, in a fourth training segment, while monitoring
the sensor that provides the measurement stream quantifying the
identified physiological parameter, prompting the subject to carry
out the determined relaxation-inducing protocol while presenting
feedback indicative of the value of the identified physiological
parameter as measured by the sensor and while presenting the
determined stress-inducing activity to the subject, until the
subject achieves the state of coherence, wherein such state is
determined to have been achieved when the sensor provides a
measurement of the parameter corresponding to the baseline
level.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein providing training
thereafter includes, in a fifth training segment, while monitoring
the sensor that provides the measurement stream quantifying the
identified physiological parameter, presenting feedback indicative
of the value of the identified physiological parameter as measured
by the sensor, while presenting the determined stress-inducing
activity to the subject, without prompting the subject to carry out
the determined relaxation-inducing protocol, until the subject
achieves the state of coherence, wherein such state is determined
to have been achieved when the sensor provides a measurement of the
parameter corresponding to the baseline level.
8. A method according to claim 7, wherein providing training
thereafter includes, in a sixth training segment, while monitoring
the sensor that provides the measurement stream quantifying the
identified physiological parameter, presenting the determined
stress-inducing activity to the subject, without prompting the
subject to carry out the determined relaxation-inducing protocol
and without presenting feedback indicative of the value of the
identified physiological parameter as measured by the sensor, until
the subject achieves the state of coherence, wherein such state is
determined to have been achieved when the sensor provides a
measurement of the parameter corresponding to the baseline
level.
9. A method according to claim 8, further comprising, in a target
determination process, retrieving the stored baseline level,
stress-condition level, and relaxation-condition level
measurements, and using the retrieved measurements, together with a
set of measurements of the identified physiological parameter
obtained in the training computer process, to determine and store a
new level of the identified physiological parameter that indicates
coherence, wherein the indicative level of the identified
physiological parameter is re-determined in the course of at least
one of the training segments.
10. A method according to claim 8, further comprising providing, to
the subject in the course of each training segment, feedback
indicative of a degree to which the subject has achieved the
baseline level of the identified physiological parameter.
11. A method according to claim 8, further comprising providing, to
the subject during the course of at least one of the training
segments, feedback having a visual component, wherein the visual
component is in the form of a virtual race involving virtual
objects, wherein a first virtual object represents achievement by
the subject in reaching the baseline level of the identified
physiological parameter, and other distinct virtual objects
represent distinct amounts of shortfall by the subject in reaching
the baseline level of the identified physiological parameter.
12. A method according to claim 1, wherein one of the
relaxation-inducing protocols is passive muscle relaxation, and the
passive muscle relaxation is structured in a manner tending to
cause achievement of a state in which the subject maintains
alertness with a relative minimum of stress.
13. A method according to claim 1, wherein one of the
relaxation-inducing protocols is autogenics, and the autogenics is
structured in a manner tending to cause achievement of a state in
which the subject maintains alertness with a relative minimum of
stress.
14. A method according to claim 1, wherein one of the
relaxation-inducing protocols is guided imagery and the guided
imagery is structured in a manner tending to cause achievement of a
state in which the subject maintains alertness with a relative
minimum of stress.
15. A method according to claim 1, wherein one of the
relaxation-inducing protocols is mindfulness, and the mindfulness
is structured in a manner tending to cause achievement of a state
in which the subject maintains alertness with a relative minimum of
stress.
16. A method according to claim 1, wherein one of the
relaxation-inducing protocols is controlled breathing, and the
controlled breathing is structured in a manner tending to cause
achievement of a state in which the subject maintains alertness
with a relative minimum of stress.
17. A system for training a subject to improve psychophysiological
function for performance of a stress-inducing activity, the system
comprising: a sensor interface device having: a microcontroller,
including an analog-to-digital converter and a processor; a
plurality of sensor inputs coupled through the analog-to-digital
converter to the processor, each sensor input being connectable to
a sensor that is coupled to the subject so as to measure a
different physiological parameter of the subject, at least one
physiological parameter indicating stress in the subject, wherein
the processor is programmed to receive from the sensors a
measurement stream that quantifies the at least one
stress-indicating physiological parameter; and an output port,
coupled to the processor, that is configured to be coupled to a
computer, wherein the processor is programmed to communicate the
measurement stream to the computer using the output port; and a
non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium
comprising computer program code that, when executed by the
computer, provides a plurality of training segments that train the
subject to perform the stress-inducing activity, in a state in
which the subject maintains alertness with a relative minimum of
stress, by presenting the subject visual, audible, or tactile
prompts or a combination of such prompts that are functions of the
at least one stress-indicating physiological parameter measured by
the plurality of sensors and received by the computer from the
output port.
18. A system according to claim 17, wherein the output port is
configured to be coupled to the computer via at least one interface
selected from the group consisting of a USB interface and a
Bluetooth interface.
19. A system according to claim 18, wherein the sensor interface
device further comprises an LED configured to indicate whether
communication between the sensor interface device and the computer
is occurring wirelessly via Bluetooth.
20. A system according to claim 17, wherein the sensor interface
device further comprises an LCD display configured to display
information regarding the functioning of the sensor interface
device.
21. A system according to claim 17, wherein the plurality of sensor
inputs include at least one member selected from the group
consisting of a heart rate sensor, a breathing rate sensor, a skin
conductance sensor, a skin temperature sensor, and combinations
thereof.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional of prior application Ser.
No. 14/309,497, filed Jun. 19, 2014, the contents of which are
incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates to psychophysiological
function, and more particularly to apparatus and methods for
computer-implemented improvement of psychophysiological
function.
BACKGROUND ART
[0003] It is known in the prior art to measure physiological
parameters during training. United States application publication
number 2006/0057549 A1 discloses training for attaining a
physiological state consistent with the successful performance of a
task, wherein the training takes place in the physical environment
of the task in question (putting green, tennis court, lacrosse
field, etc.) and the training comprises static repetition of the
task in the presence of information related to the user's
physiological state during iterations of the task.
[0004] United States application publication number US2009/0137915
A1, which does not disclose training, does disclose determining the
state of overlap between biological systems which exhibit
oscillatory behavior such as heart rhythms, respiration, blood
pressure waves, low frequency brain waves, based on a determination
of heart rate variability (HRV), and an evaluation of the power
spectrum thereof.
[0005] In addition the following patent publications concern
related subject matter: US20100022852A1, US20080214903A1,
US20090105605A1, US20030009087A1, US20080171914A1, US20120116176A1,
US20090082685A1, and US20110015468A1.
SUMMARY OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0006] In a first embodiment of the invention there is provided a
computer-implemented method for improving psychophysiological
function for performance of a subject under stress. The method of
this embodiment includes:
[0007] after a plurality of sensors that monitor stress-indicating
physiological parameters have been coupled to the subject, in a
baseline computer process, obtaining from the sensors baseline
measurements of a baseline set of stress-indicating physiological
parameters and storing the baseline measurements;
[0008] in a stress determination computer process, causing the
subject to be exposed to a second plurality of potentially
stress-inducing activities while obtaining from the sensors
stress-condition measurements of the baseline set of parameters and
storing the stress-condition measurements;
[0009] in a relaxation determination computer process, causing the
subject to be exposed to a third plurality of potentially
relaxation-inducing protocols while obtaining from the sensors
relaxation-condition measurements of the baseline set of parameters
and storing the relaxation-condition measurements; and
[0010] in a characterization computer process, retrieving the
baseline, stress-condition, and relaxation-condition measurements,
and using them to identify a selected parameter, which is one of
the baseline set of parameters, as particularly indicative of
stress and of relaxation in the subject, and with respect to the
selected parameter, identifying a selected stress-inducing activity
and a selected relaxation-inducing protocol pertinent to the
subject, and storing data characterizing the selected set of
stress-inducing activities and the selected set of
relaxation-inducing protocols pertinent to the subject.
[0011] Optionally, the method further includes in a training
computer process, providing training in carrying out the selected
relaxation-inducing protocol in a manner tending to cause
achievement of coherence. In a further related embodiment providing
training includes, in a first training segment, exposing the
subject to the selected relaxation-inducing protocol alone until
there is achieved a targeted level of the selected parameters as to
be indicative of coherence in the subject. Optionally, the method
further includes in a target determination process, retrieving the
baseline, stress-condition, and relaxation-condition measurements,
and using the retrieved measurements, together with a set of
measurements obtained in the training computer process, to
determine the targeted level of the selected parameters, wherein
the targeted level is re-determined in the course of each training
segment.
[0012] In another related embodiment, training further includes, in
a second training segment, next exposing the subject to the
selected relaxation-inducing protocol in the presence of feedback
indicative of the value of the selected parameter until there is
achieved the targeted level of the selected parameter as to be
indicative of coherence in the subject. Optionally, providing
training thereafter includes, in a third training segment, exposing
the subject only to feedback indicative of the value of the
selected parameter until there is achieved the targeted level of
the selected parameter as to be indicative of coherence in the
subject. As a further option, providing training thereafter
includes, in a fourth training segment, exposing the subject to the
selected relaxation-inducing protocol in the presence of (i)
feedback indicative of the value of the selected set of parameters
and (ii) prompts presenting the selected set of stress-inducing
activities, until there is achieved the targeted level of the
selected set of parameters as to be indicative of coherence in the
subject.
[0013] As yet a further option, providing training thereafter
includes, in a fifth training segment, exposing the subject only to
(i) feedback indicative of the value of the selected set of
parameters and (ii) prompts indicative of the selected set of
stress-inducing activities, until there is achieved the targeted
level of the selected set of parameters as to be indicative of
coherence in the subject. In a still further option, providing
training thereafter includes, in a sixth training segment, exposing
the subject only to prompts indicative of the selected set of
stress-inducing activities until there is achieved the targeted
level of the selected set of parameters as to be indicative of
coherence in the subject.
[0014] In another related embodiment, one of the
relaxation-inducing protocols is passive muscle relaxation, and the
passive muscle relaxation is structured in a manner tending to
cause achievement of coherence. In another related embodiment, one
of the relaxation-inducing protocols is autogenics, and the
autogenics is structured in a manner tending to cause achievement
of coherence. In another related embodiment, one of the
relaxation-inducing protocols is guided imagery and the guided
imagery is structured in a manner tending to cause achievement of
coherence. In yet another related embodiment, one of the
relaxation-inducing protocols is mindfulness, and the mindfulness
is structured in a manner tending to cause achievement of
coherence. In another related embodiment, one of the
relaxation-inducing protocols is controlled breathing, and the
controlled breathing is structured in a manner tending to cause
achievement of coherence.
[0015] In another embodiment, the invention provides a
computer-implemented method for improving psychophysiological
function for performance of a subject under stress. The method of
this embodiment includes:
[0016] after a plurality of sensors that monitor stress-indicating
physiological parameters have been coupled to the subject, exposing
the subject, using computer processes, to a series of training
segments as follows:
[0017] in a first training segment, exposing the subject to a
relaxation-inducing protocol alone until there is achieved a
targeted level of at least one stress-indicating physiological
parameter as to be indicative of coherence in the subject;
[0018] in a second training segment, next exposing the subject to a
relaxation-inducing protocol in the presence of feedback indicative
of the value of at least one stress-indicating physiological
parameter until there is achieved the targeted level of the at
least one parameter as to be indicative of coherence in the
subject;
[0019] in a third training segment, exposing the subject only to
feedback indicative of the value of at least one parameter until
there is achieved the targeted level of the at least one parameter
as to be indicative of coherence in the subject;
[0020] in a fourth training segment, exposing the subject to a
relaxation-inducing protocol in the presence of (i) feedback
indicative of the value of at least one of the parameters and (ii)
prompts presenting at least one of the stress-inducing activities,
until there is achieved the targeted level of at least one
parameter as to be indicative of coherence in the subject.
[0021] in a fifth training segment, exposing the subject only to
(i) feedback indicative of the value of at least one of the
parameters and (ii) prompts presenting at least one of the
stress-inducing activities, until there is achieved the targeted
level of at least one parameter as to be indicative of coherence in
the subject.
[0022] in a sixth training segment, exposing the subject only to
prompts indicative of at least one of stress-inducing activities
until there is achieved the targeted level of at least one
parameter as to be indicative of coherence in the subject.
[0023] Optionally, using computer processes further includes, in a
target determination process, using a set of measurements obtained
in the training computer process, to determine the targeted level
of the at least one stress-indicating physiological parameter,
wherein the targeted level is re-determined in the course of each
training segment.
[0024] Also optionally, using computer processes further includes,
the course of each segment, providing, to the subject, feedback
indicative of a degree to which the subject has achieved the
targeted level of the at least one parameter as to be indicative of
coherence in the subject.
[0025] As a further option the feedback includes a visual
component, and the visual component is in the form of a virtual
race involving virtual objects, wherein a first virtual object
represents achievement by the subject in reaching the targeted
level of the at least one parameter, and other distinct virtual
objects represent distinct amounts of shortfall by the subject in
reaching the targeted level of the at least one parameter.
[0026] In another embodiment, the invention provides a
computer-implemented method for improving psychophysiological
function for performance of a subject under stress. The method of
this embodiment includes:
[0027] after a plurality of sensors that monitor stress-indicating
physiological parameters have been coupled to the subject, exposing
the subject, using computer processes, to at least one training
segment during which is determined a degree to which the subject
has achieved a targeted level of least one stress-indicating
physiological parameter as to be indicative of coherence in the
subject; and
[0028] providing, to the subject, feedback indicative of the degree
to which the subject has achieved the targeted level of the at
least one parameter as to be indicative of coherence in the
subject.
[0029] In a further related embodiment, the feedback includes a
visual component, and the visual component is in the form of a
virtual race involving virtual objects, wherein a first virtual
object represents achievement by the subject in reaching the
targeted level of the at least one parameter, and other distinct
virtual objects represent distinct amounts of shortfall by the
subject in reaching the targeted level of the at least one
parameter.
[0030] In another embodiment, the invention provides a sensor
interface device providing a set of sensor outputs characterizing a
set of physiological parameters to a computer running a training
program for training to improve psychophysiological function for
performance under stress. the apparatus of this embodiment
includes:
[0031] a microcontroller, including an analog-to-digital converter
and a processor;
[0032] a set of sensor inputs coupled to the microcontroller;
and
[0033] an output port, coupled to the microcontroller, that is
configured to be coupled to the computer;
[0034] wherein the processor is running a communication program
that handles all communication with the training program and
formats incoming data received at the sensor inputs in a manner
permitting consumption of that data by the training program,
including for purposes of display, storage, and manipulation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] The foregoing features of embodiments will be more readily
understood by reference to the following detailed description,
taken with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0036] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of logical flow in an embodiment
of a method in accordance with the present invention;
[0037] FIG. 2 is block diagram of architecture of a system, in
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for
carrying out the method embodiment of FIG. 1;
[0038] FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of a sensor interface
device in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0039] FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the sensor interface
device of FIG. 3;
[0040] FIGS. 5 and 6 are detailed block diagrams of logical flow of
an embodiment of the present invention, providing a sample of the
range of capabilities of a rather fully implemented embodiment;
[0041] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment,
similar to that of FIG. 1, that provides further details;
[0042] FIG. 8 is block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment of
the present invention in which training is provided;
[0043] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment
of the present invention, adding detail to FIG. 1, in which stress
testing is performed;
[0044] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment
of the present invention, adding detail to FIG. 1, in which
relaxation testing is performed;
[0045] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment
of the present invention, adding detail to FIG. 8, in which basic
training is provided;
[0046] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment
of the present invention, adding detail to FIG. 8, in which
advanced training is provided;
[0047] FIG. 13 is a representation of a display of a welcome
screen, by a subject's computer, in accordance with an embodiment
of the present invention, wherein the computer is running a program
for training the subject to improve psychophysiological
function;
[0048] FIG. 14 is a representation of a display of an
attach-equipment screen associated with the program of FIG. 13;
[0049] FIG. 15 is a representation of measurement data, as a
function of time, that is transmitted by a sensor interface device
to the subject's computer when the subject is receiving training
while the subject's computer is running the program of FIG. 13;
[0050] FIG. 16 is a representation of a screen display associated
with a stress-inducing activity (Stroop test) established and
monitored by the program of FIG. 13;
[0051] FIG. 17 is a representation of a screen display associated
with a stress-inducing activity (math test) established and
monitored by the program of FIG. 13;
[0052] FIG. 18 is a representation of a screen display associated
with a stress-inducing activity (sound test) established and
monitored by the program of FIG. 13;
[0053] FIG. 19 is a representation of a screen display associated
with a stress-inducing activity (stressful event recall)
established and monitored by the program of FIG. 13;
[0054] FIG. 20 is a representation of a display of a stress profile
screen, wherein the results of activities associated with FIGS.
16-19 are summarized and presented visually to the subject by the
program of FIG. 13;
[0055] FIG. 21 is a representation of screen display associated
with testing, for effectiveness of controlled breathing for use in
a relaxation protocol, established and monitored by the program of
FIG. 13;
[0056] FIG. 22 is a representation of a screen display associated
with testing, for effectiveness of passive muscle relaxation for
use in a relaxation protocol, established and monitored by the
program of FIG. 13;
[0057] FIG. 23 is a representation of a screen display associated
with testing, for effectiveness of autogenics for use in a
relaxation protocol, established and monitored by the program of
FIG. 13;
[0058] FIG. 24 is a representation of a screen display associated
with testing, for effectiveness of guided imagery for use in a
relaxation protocol, established and monitored by the program of
FIG. 13;
[0059] FIG. 25 is a representation of a screen display associated
with testing, for effectiveness of mindfulness for use in a
relaxation protocol, established and monitored by the program of
FIG. 13;
[0060] FIG. 26 is a representation of a display of a relaxation
profile screen, wherein the results of activities associated with
FIGS. 21-25 are summarized and presented visually to the subject by
the program of FIG. 13;
[0061] FIG. 27 is a representation of a screen display detailing a
synthesized summary of the results associated with FIGS. 20 and 26,
together with an detailed course of action that the subject will be
caused to follow over subsequent iterations of the program of FIG.
13;
[0062] FIG. 28 is a representation of a screen display providing a
visual template for the course of action associated with FIG. 27 by
the program of FIG. 13;
[0063] FIG. 29 is a representation of a visual progression of
training sessions associated with the course of action presented in
FIG. 27 that the subject will experience in a sequenced manner as a
function of the program of FIG. 13, from Basic Training I, II, and
III through Advanced Training I, II, and III;
[0064] FIG. 30 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the first of three basic training sessions that the subject
will undergo as established by the course of action associated with
FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13;
[0065] FIG. 31 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the subject's attainment of a specific goal, established by
the results associated with FIGS. 20, 26, and 27, during the first
of three basic training sessions that the subject will undergo as
established by the course of action associated with FIG. 27 by the
program of FIG. 13;
[0066] FIG. 32 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the subject's failure to attain a specified goal, established
by the results associated with FIGS. 20, 26, and 27, during the
first of three basic training sessions that the subject will
undergo as established by the course of action associated with FIG.
27 by the program of FIG. 13;
[0067] FIG. 33 is a representation of screen display associated
with the second of three basic training sessions that the subject
will undergo as established by the course of action associated with
FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13;
[0068] FIG. 34 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the third of three basic training sessions that the subject
will undergo as established by the course of action associated with
FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13;
[0069] FIG. 35 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the first of three advanced training sessions that the subject
will undergo as established by the course of action associated with
FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13;
[0070] FIG. 36 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the second of three advanced training sessions that the
subject will undergo as established by the course of action
associated with FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13;
[0071] FIG. 37 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the third of three advanced training sessions that the subject
will undergo as established by the course of action associated with
FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13;
[0072] FIG. 38 is a representation of a display of an end screen by
the program of FIG. 13;
[0073] FIG. 39 is block diagram of architecture of a
microcontroller process associated with the system architecture of
FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
for carrying out the method embodiment of FIG. 1;
[0074] FIG. 40 is block diagram of architecture of a power
conditioner associated with the system architecture of FIG. 2, in
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for
carrying out the method embodiment of FIG. 1;
[0075] FIG. 41 is block diagram of architecture of a skin
conductance sensor system associated with the system architecture
of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention, for carrying out the method embodiment of FIG. 1;
[0076] FIG. 42 is block diagram of architecture of a respiration
rate sensor system associated with the system architecture of FIG.
2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for
carrying out the method embodiment of FIG. 1;
[0077] FIG. 43 is block diagram of architecture of a heart rate
sensor system associated with the system architecture of FIG. 2, in
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for
carrying out the method embodiment of FIG. 1; and
[0078] FIG. 44 is block diagram of architecture of a skin
temperature sensor system associated with the system architecture
of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention, for carrying out the method embodiment of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
[0079] Definitions. As used in this description and the
accompanying claims, the following terms shall have the meanings
indicated, unless the context otherwise requires:
[0080] The term "stress-indicating physiological parameter" means a
physiological parameter, associated with a subject, with respect to
which a change in value may be indicative of stress experienced by
the subject. Typical stress-indicating physiological parameters are
heart rate, respiration rate, skin conductance, skin temperature,
muscle tension, and EEG alpha, beta, and delta brain waves.
[0081] The term "coherence" of a subject means a state of the
subject wherein the subject maintains alertness with a relative
minimum of stress.
[0082] A "set" has at least one member.
[0083] A "stress-inducing activity" is an activity carried out by a
subject tending to cause the subject to experience stress.
[0084] A "relaxation-inducing protocol" is a series of procedures
carried out by a subject tending to cause relaxation in the
subject.
[0085] "Feedback indicative of the value of a parameter" means
information provided, under computer program control, on a
recurrent basis to the subject about the value of the parameter.
The information may be provided in any of a variety of forms,
including visual, audible, and tactile, or combinations of these
forms. For example, the information may be provided by visual
indication, such as on a display of computer, and can be in the
form of text (wherein the parameter value is given, for example, as
a number), or a graph (wherein value of the parameter can be shown
evolving over time), or a color or other indication based on a
mapping between color and parameter value. Alternatively, or in
addition, the information may be provided in the form of sound, for
example in headphones or a loudspeaker, and the sound may be spoken
words characterizing the value of the parameter, or it may be a set
of distinct sounds where each member of the set is selected for use
depending on the value of the parameter.
[0086] A "prompt presenting a stress-inducing activity" means a
presentation to the subject, under computer program control, of an
activity determined to induce stress in the subject, wherein the
presentation may be provided in any of a variety of forms,
including visual, audible, and tactile, or combinations of these
forms. If the presentation is visual, it may involve, for example,
a quiz provided in the form of text on a computer screen. On the
other hand, the presentation may be audible, in the form of a quiz
provided orally under computer control.
[0087] "Feedback indicative of a degree to which the subject has
achieved a targeted level of at least one parameter" means
information provided, under computer program control, on a
recurrent basis to the subject, about the degree to which the
subject has achieved the targeted level of the at least one
parameter. The information may be provided in any of a variety of
forms, including visual, audible, and tactile, or combinations of
these forms. For example, the information may be provided by visual
indication, such as on a display of computer, and can be in the
form of text, or a graph, or a color or other indication based on a
mapping between color and parameter value. Alternatively, or in
addition, the information may be provided in the form of sound, for
example in headphones or a loudspeaker, and the sound may be spoken
words, or it may be a set of distinct sounds where each member of
the set is selected for use depending on the extent to which the
subject has achieved the targeted level of the at least one
parameter.
[0088] A "computer process" is the performance of a described
function in a computer using computer hardware (such as a
processor, field-programmable gate array or other electronic
combinatorial logic, or similar device), which may be operating
under control of software or firmware or a combination of any of
these or operating outside control of any of the foregoing. All or
part of the described function may be performed by active or
passive electronic components, such as transistors or resistors. In
using the term "computer process" we do not necessarily require a
schedulable entity, or operation of a computer program or a part
thereof, although, in some embodiments, a computer process may be
implemented by such a schedulable entity, or operation of a
computer program or a part thereof. Furthermore, unless the context
otherwise requires, a "process" may be implemented using more than
one processor or more than one (single- or multi-processor)
computer.
[0089] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of logical flow in an embodiment
of a method in accordance with the present invention. In accordance
with this embodiment, a computer program (sometimes called "the
training program"), which is run on a computer operated by the
subject, carries out a series of processes. In operation of the
embodiment, the sensor interface device described below in
connection with FIGS. 2-4 is coupled to the computer, and a set of
sensors is coupled to the sensor interface device and to the
subject. In process 101, baseline testing of the subject is
performed and the data resulting from such baseline testing is
stored. In process 103, stress profile testing of the subject is
carried out, and the data resulting from such stress profile
testing is stored. In process 105, relaxation profile testing of
the subject is performed, and the data resulting from such
relaxation profile testing is stored. Finally, in process 107, the
stored data are retrieved, and the total subject baseline profile,
stress profile, and relaxation profile are characterized. As
described in more detail below, this characterization permits
identification of a parameter that is particularly indicative of
stress and of relaxation in the subject. In view of this
identification, a set of relaxation-inducing protocols may be
developed to train the subject to achieve coherence.
[0090] FIG. 2 is block diagram of architecture of a sensor
interface device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present
invention, for carrying out the method embodiment of FIG. 1. The
sensor interface device includes a data acquisition (DAQ) board 209
that has a set of analog prefilters 213, 215, 217, and 219, and a
microcontroller 221. The microcontroller 221 includes a processor
227 and an analog-to-digital converter 225, and provides a sensor
data output to a user computer 231. Each of four different sensors
201, 203, 205, and 207, is coupled to the analog-to-digital
converter 225 through a corresponding analog prefilter 213, 215,
217, and 219. The microcontroller 221 is coupled to user computer
231, and the coupling may, for example, be over a USB link or
wirelessly using a Bluetooth protocol. The DAQ board 209 and its
components may be powered by a battery 235 through a power
regulator/conditioner 233, or by the user computer 231 via the USB
link. Similarly, a microphone 211 is coupled to the
analog-to-digital converter 225 through analog prefilter 223 to
permit audio input to the microcontroller 221, and an LCD display
229 is coupled to the microcontroller 221 to permit display of
information regarding the functioning of the sensor interface
device. Additionally, a speaker 230 is coupled to the
microcontroller 221 to permit audio output of information regarding
the functioning of the sensor interface device The microcontroller
221 runs a communication program that handles all communication
with the training program and formats the incoming data from the
sensors 201, 203, 205, and 207 in a manner permitting consumption
of that data by the training program, including for purposes of
display, storage, and manipulation. This communication program
effectively provides a wrapper around the USB communication
functionalities of the operating system of the computer 231. The
aforementioned components may be operatively assembled using
materials and techniques currently known in the art, however their
collective operation in accordance with various embodiments of the
invention is new.
[0091] FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of a sensor interface
device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Wire 301 acts as a ground to the sensor interface device. Cables
303, 305, 307, and 309 connect to sensors measuring skin
conductance, respiration rate, heart rate, and skin temperature,
respectively, as shown in more detail in connection with FIGS.
41-44. It should be appreciated that the assignment of cables to
sensors is purely exemplary, and that different embodiments may
assign the cables to the sensors in a different physical or logical
order. LEDs 311, 313, 315, and 317 indicate whether the sensors
that are connected to the sensor interface device via cables 303,
305, 307, and 309 are functioning properly. LED 319 indicates
whether communication between the sensor interface device and the
computer 231 is occurring wirelessly via Bluetooth protocols. LCD
display 321 displays information regarding the functioning of the
sensor interface device. Speaker 323 emits audio information.
Button 325 powers the sensor interface device on and off. USB cable
327 connects the sensor interface device to computer 231 as an
alternative or supplement to the use of Bluetooth protocols for
communication between the sensor interface device and the
computer.
[0092] FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the sensor interface
device of FIG. 3. Cables 303, 305, 307, and 309 connect to sensors
measuring skin temperature, heart rate, skin conductance, and
respiration rate, respectively. USB cable 327 connects the sensor
interface device to computer 231. Door 409 allows access to the
batteries that power the sensor interface device.
[0093] FIGS. 5 and 6 are detailed block diagrams of logical flow of
an embodiment of the present invention, providing a sample of the
range of capabilities of a rather fully implemented embodiment. In
process 501, a program running in the computer 231 determines
whether the sensing equipment (namely the sensors and the sensor
interface device) is coupled to the computer 231. Until the
determination is positive, the program continues to loop back to
the beginning. Upon a determination that the equipment is coupled
to the computer 231, the program causes a welcome screen to be
presented in process 503. In process 505 and 507, the program
running in the computer 231 determines whether the equipment
(namely the sensors and the sensor interface device) is calibrated
(namely, able to obtain measurements) to the computer 231. Until
the determination is positive, the program continues to loop back
to the beginning of process 507. Upon a determination that the
equipment is calibrated to the computer 231, the program initiates
process 509, wherein the program running in the computer 231
determines whether the subject has undergone Baseline Profile
testing. If the determination of process 509 is negative, the
program initiates process 511, Baseline Profile testing, and loops
back until the determination of process 509 is positive. With a
positive determination of process 509, the program running in the
computer 231 initiates process 513, wherein the program running in
the computer 231 determines whether the subject has undergone
Stress Profile testing. If the determination of process 513 is
negative, the program initiates process 515, Stress Profile
testing, and loops back until the determination of process 513 is
positive. With a positive determination of process 513, the program
running in the computer 231 initiates process 601, wherein the
program running in the computer 231 determines whether the subject
has undergone Relaxation Profile testing. If the determination of
process 601 is negative, the program initiates process 603, Stress
Profile testing, and loops back until the determination of process
601 is positive. With a positive determination of process 601, the
program running in the computer 231 initiates process 605, wherein
the program running in the computer 231 retrieves data from
processes 511, 515, and 603 and characterizes this data as the
subject's total Baseline, Stress, and Relaxation Profile. In
process 607 the program running in the computer 231 determines
whether the subject has passed the basic training program. If the
determination of process 607 is negative, the program initiates
process 609, wherein the subject undergoes the basic training
program, and loops back until the determination of process 607 is
positive. With a positive determination of process 607, the program
running in the computer 231 initiates process 611, wherein the
program running in the computer 231 determines whether the subject
has undergone the advanced training program. If the determination
of process 611 is negative, the program initiates process 613,
wherein the subject undergoes the advanced training program, and
loops back until the determination of process 611 is positive,
thereby causing the program running on computer 231 to end.
[0094] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment,
similar to that of FIG. 1, which provides further details. In
process 701, the program running in the computer 231 calibrates the
sensing equipment (namely the sensors and the sensor interface
device) that is coupled to the computer 231. In process 703, the
program running in the computer 231 determines whether all of the
sensors are functioning properly. Until the determination is
positive, the program continues to loop back to the beginning Upon
a determination that the equipment is functioning properly, the
program initiates process 705, wherein the program running in the
computer 231 determines whether the subject has undergone Baseline
Profile testing. If the determination of process 705 is negative,
the program initiates process 707, Baseline Profile testing, and
loops back until the determination of process 705 is positive. With
a positive determination of process 705, the program running in the
computer 231 initiates process 709, wherein the program running in
the computer 231 determines whether the subject has undergone
Stress Profile testing. If the determination of process 709 is
negative, the program initiates process 711, Stress Profile
testing, and loops back until the determination of process 709 is
positive. With a positive determination of process 709, the program
running in the computer 231 initiates process 713, wherein the
program running in the computer 231 determines whether the subject
has undergone Relaxation Profile testing. If the determination of
process 713 is negative, the program initiates process 715,
Relaxation Profile testing, and loops back until the determination
of process 713 is positive. With a positive determination of
process 713, the program running in the computer 231 initiates
process 717, wherein the program running in the computer 231
retrieves data from processes 707, 711, and 715 and characterizes
this data as the subject's total Baseline, Stress, and Relaxation
Profile.
[0095] FIG. 8 is block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment of
the present invention in which training is provided. In process
801, the program running in the computer 231 determines whether the
subject has passed the basic training program. If the determination
of process 801 is negative, the program initiates process 803,
wherein the subject undergoes the basic training program, and loops
back until the determination of process 801 is positive. With a
positive determination of process 801, the program running in the
computer 231 initiates process 805, wherein the program running in
the computer 231 determines whether the subject has undergone the
advanced training program. If the determination of process 805 is
negative, the program initiates process 807, wherein the subject
undergoes the advanced training program, and loops back until the
determination of process 805 is positive, thereby causing the
program running on computer 231 to end.
[0096] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment
of the present invention, adding detail to FIG. 1, in which the
Stress Profile testing is performed. In process 901, the program
running in the computer 231 initiates measurement and recording of
the subject's baseline readings (e.g. heart rate, skin conductance,
skin temperature, and respiration rate) for a specified period of
time. In process 903, the program running in the computer 231
initiates a math test, wherein the subject is prompted to answer a
series of math questions within a specified period of time. During
process 903, the subject's stress condition measurements (e.g.
heart rate, skin conductance, skin temperature, and respiration
rate) are measured and recorded. In process 905, the program
running in the computer 231 initiates a recovery period, wherein
the subject is prompted to recover from the previous testing for a
specified period of time. During process 905, the subject's
baseline measurements in recovery are measured and recorded. In
process 907, the program running in the computer 231 initiates a
sound test, wherein the subject is exposed to a series of
discordant sounds within a specified period of time. During process
907, the subject's stress condition measurements are measured and
recorded. In process 909, the program running in the computer 231
initiates a recovery period, wherein the subject is prompted to
recover from the previous testing for a specified period of time.
During process 909, the subject's baseline measurements in recovery
are measured and recorded. In process 911, the program running in
the computer 231 initiates a Stroop test, wherein the subject is
exposed to a series of questions related to color and word meaning
within a specified period of time. During process 911, the
subject's stress condition measurements are measured and recorded.
In process 913, the program running in the computer 231 initiates a
recovery period, wherein the subject is prompted to recover from
the previous testing for a specified period of time. During process
913, the subject's baseline measurements in recovery are measured
and recorded. In process 915, the program running in the computer
231 initiates an Emotional Recall test, wherein the subject is
prompted to recall and retell the details of a stressful event that
the subject has experienced within the recent past within a
specified period of time. During process 915, the subject's stress
condition measurements are measured and recorded. In process 917,
the program running in the computer 231 initiates a recovery
period, wherein the subject is prompted to recover from the
previous testing for a specified period of time. During process
917, the subject's baseline measurements in recovery are measured
and recorded. The periods of time specified in this exemplary
figure are each two minutes, however other periods of time may be
specified in different embodiments, and each such period of time
may be set independently of the others.
[0097] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment
of the present invention, adding detail to FIG. 1, in which
Relaxation Profile testing is performed. In process 1001, the
program running in the computer 231 initiates measurement and
recording of the subject's baseline readings (heart rate, skin
conductance, skin temperature, and respiration rate) for a
specified period of time. In process 1003, the program running in
the computer 231 initiates a controlled breathing relaxation
protocol, wherein the subject is prompted to breathe at a measured
pace within a specified period of time. During process 1003, the
subject's relaxation condition measurements (heart rate, skin
conductance, skin temperature, and respiration rate) are measured
and recorded. In process 1005, the program running in the computer
231 initiates a recovery period, wherein the subject is prompted to
recover from the previous testing for a specified period of time.
During process 1005, the subject's baseline measurements in
recovery are measured and recorded. In process 1007, the program
running in the computer 231 initiates a passive muscle relaxation
protocol, wherein the subject is prompted to relax his or her
muscles within a specified period of time. During process 1007, the
subject's relaxation condition measurements are measured and
recorded. In process 1009, the program running in the computer 231
initiates a recovery period, wherein the subject is prompted to
recover from the previous testing for a specified period of time.
During process 1009, the subject's baseline measurements in
recovery are measured and recorded. In process 1011, the program
running in the computer 231 initiates an autogenics relaxation
protocol, wherein the subject is exposed to a series of autogenics
techniques within a specified period of time. During process 1011,
the subject's stress condition measurements are measured and
recorded. In process 1013, the program running in the computer 231
initiates a recovery period, wherein the subject is prompted to
recover from the previous testing for a specified period of time.
During process 1013, the subject's baseline measurements in
recovery are measured and recorded. In process 1015, the program
running in the computer 231 initiates a guided imagery relaxation
protocol, wherein the subject is guided through mental imagery
procedures within a specified period of time. During process 1015,
the subject's relaxation condition measurements are measured and
recorded. In process 1017, the program running in the computer 231
initiates a recovery period, wherein the subject is prompted to
recover from the previous testing for a specified period of time.
During process 1017, the subject's baseline measurements in
recovery are measured and recorded. In process 1019, the program
running in the computer 231 initiates a mindfulness relaxation
protocol, wherein the subject is exposed to mindfulness exercises
within a specified period of time. During process 1019, the
subject's relaxation condition measurements are measured and
recorded. In process 1021, the program running in the computer 231
initiates a recovery period, wherein the subject is prompted to
recover from the previous testing for a specified period of time.
During process 1021, the subject's baseline measurements in
recovery are measured and recorded. The periods of time specified
in this exemplary figure may differ in different embodiments, and
each such period of time may be set independently of the
others.
[0098] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment
of the present invention, adding detail to FIG. 8, in which basic
training is provided. In process 1101, the program running in the
computer 231 initiates practice with visual prompting of the
specified relaxation protocol for a specified period of time.
During process 1101, the subject's specified stress-indicating
physiological parameter is measured and compared to the baseline
measurement of process 101. In process 1103, the program running in
the computer 231 determines whether the subject's stress-indicating
physiological parameter is within a certain range of the baseline
measurement of process 101. Until the determination is positive,
the program continues to loop back to the beginning of process
1101. Upon a determination that the subject's stress-indicating
physiological parameter is within a certain range of the baseline
measurement of process 101, the program initiates process 1105,
wherein the program running in the computer 231 initiates practice
with visual prompting of the specified relaxation protocol with
visual feedback information regarding the subject's specified
stress-indicating physiological parameter for a specified period of
time. During process 1105, the subject's specified
stress-indicating physiological parameter is measured and compared
to the baseline measurement of process 101. In process 1107, the
program running in the computer 231 determines whether the
subject's stress-indicating physiological parameter is within a
certain range of the baseline measurement of process 101. Until the
determination is positive, the program continues to loop back to
the beginning of process 1105. Upon a determination that the
subject's stress-indicating physiological parameter is within a
certain range of the baseline measurement of process 101, the
program initiates process 1109, wherein the program running in the
computer 231 initiates practice without visual prompting of the
specified relaxation protocol but with visual feedback information
regarding the subject's specified stress-indicating physiological
parameter for a specified period of time. During process 1109, the
subject's specified stress-indicating physiological parameter is
measured and compared to the baseline measurement of process 101.
In process 1111, the program running in the computer 231 determines
whether the subject's stress-indicating physiological parameter is
within a certain range of the baseline measurement of process 101.
Until the determination is positive, the program continues to loop
back to the beginning of process 1109. Upon a determination that
the subject's stress-indicating physiological parameter is within a
certain range of the baseline measurement of process 101, the
subject is deemed to have passed the basic training program.
[0099] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of logical flow of an embodiment
of the present invention, adding detail to FIG. 8, in which
advanced training is provided. In process 1201, the program running
in the computer 231 initiates practice with visual prompting of the
specified relaxation protocol with visual feedback information
regarding the subject's specified stress-indicating physiological
parameter while exposing the subject to the specified
stress-inducing activity for a specified period of time. During
process 1201, the subject's specified stress-indicating
physiological parameter is measured and compared to the baseline
measurement of process 101. In process 1203, the program running in
the computer 231 determines whether the subject's stress-indicating
physiological parameter is within a certain range of the baseline
measurement of process 101. Until the determination is positive,
the program continues to loop back to the beginning of process
1201. Upon a determination that the subject's stress-indicating
physiological parameter is within a certain range of the baseline
measurement of process 101, the program initiates process 1205,
wherein the program running in the computer 231 initiates practice
without visual prompting of the specified relaxation protocol but
with visual feedback information regarding the subject's specified
stress-indicating physiological parameter while exposing the
subject to the specified stress-inducing activity for a specified
period of time. During process 1205, the subject's specified
stress-indicating physiological parameter is measured and compared
to the baseline measurement of process 101. In process 1207, the
program running in the computer 231 determines whether the
subject's stress-indicating physiological parameter is within a
certain range of the baseline measurement of process 101. Until the
determination is positive, the program continues to loop back to
the beginning of process 1205. Upon a determination that the
subject's stress-indicating physiological parameter is within a
certain range of the baseline measurement of process 101, the
program initiates process 1209, wherein the program running in the
computer 231 initiates practice without visual prompting of the
specified relaxation protocol and without visual feedback
information regarding the subject's specified stress-indicating
physiological parameter while exposing the subject to the specified
stress-inducing activity for a specified period of time. During
process 1209, the subject's specified stress-indicating
physiological parameter is measured and compared to the baseline
measurement of process 101. In process 1211, the program running in
the computer 231 determines whether the subject's stress-indicating
physiological parameter is within a certain range of the baseline
measurement of process 101. Until the determination is positive,
the program continues to loop back to the beginning of process
1209. Upon a determination that the subject's stress-indicating
physiological parameter is within a certain range of the baseline
measurement of process 101, the subject is deemed to have passed
the advanced training program.
[0100] FIG. 13 is a representation of a display of a welcome
screen, by a subject's computer, in accordance with an embodiment
of the present invention, wherein the computer is running a program
for training the subject to improve psychophysiological function.
On this welcome screen, the subject is presented with title 1301. A
button 1315 enables the subject to create a new user profile. Upon
creation of a user profile, the subject's user profile will be
listed in window 1317. Buttons 1319 and 1321 enable the subject to
undergo Relaxation Profile and Stress Profile testing,
respectively. Buttons 1303, 1305, 1307, 1309, 1311, and 1313 enable
the subject to perform basic training sessions 1, 2, and 3, and
advanced training sessions 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
[0101] FIG. 14 is a representation of a display of an
attach-equipment screen associated with the program of FIG. 13. On
this screen, the subject is presented with title 1401 and text
window 1403, which provides the subject with instructions on how to
attach sensors (heart rate, skin temperature, respiration rate, and
skin conductance). Buttons 1405, 1407, 1409, and 1411 enable the
subject to receive audio instructions for attaching sensors, with
audio controls 1421. Images 1413, 1415, 1417, and 1419 provide the
subject with visual information regarding successful attachment and
functioning of the sensors.
[0102] FIG. 15 is a representation of measurement data, as a
function of time, that is transmitted by a sensor interface device
to the subject's computer when the subject is receiving training
while the subject's computer is running the program of FIG. 13.
Image 1501 displays the subject's skin temperature measurement on a
scale 1505 over time 1503. Image 1507 displays the subject's skin
conductance measurement on a scale 1511 over time 1509. Image 1513
displays the subject's respiration rate measurement on a scale 1517
over time 1515. Image 1519 displays the subject's respiration rate
measurement on a scale 1523 over time 1521.
[0103] FIG. 16 is a representation of a screen display associated
with a stress-inducing activity (Stroop test 911) established and
monitored by the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is
presented with title 1601, and text window 1603, a display of
question numbers with indication of correct or incorrect. Image
1609 represents the meaning of the word being displayed. Image 1611
represents the color of the text being displayed. Buttons 1607
enable the subject to respond in the affirmative or negative if the
meaning display 1609 and the color display 1611 match, thereby
stressing the subject. Audio control 1605 enables the subject to
adjust the program's volume.
[0104] FIG. 17 is a representation of a screen display associated
with a stress-inducing activity (math test 903) established and
monitored by the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is
presented with title 1701, and text window 1705, a display of
question numbers with indication of correct or incorrect. Image
1703 presents the subject with a math problem. Buttons 1707 enable
the subject to enter an answer to math question 1703, thereby
stressing the subject. Display 1709 indicates time remaining (in
minutes and seconds) in the activity represented on the screen
display.
[0105] FIG. 18 is a representation of a screen display associated
with a stress-inducing activity (sound test 907) established and
monitored by the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is
presented with title 1801 and volume control 1805. Blank window
1803 will produce discordant sounds to expose to the subject,
thereby stressing the subject.
[0106] FIG. 19 is a representation of a screen display associated
with a stress-inducing activity (stressful event recall 915)
established and monitored by the program of FIG. 13. On this
screen, the subject is presented with title 1901 and text window
1905, which provides the subject with instructions on how to recall
a particularly stressful event. Window 1903 provides the subject
with a visual representation of an individual recalling a stressful
event to a practitioner, who now and again may provide the subject
with audio and visual prompts, controlled by volume control 1911.
Box 1907 enables the subject to input type detailing the stressful
event recall, and button 1909 optionally allows the subject to
enable voice recognition capabilities.
[0107] FIG. 20 is a representation of a display of a stress profile
screen, wherein the results of activities associated with FIGS.
16-19 are summarized and presented visually to the subject by the
program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is presented with
title 2001 and user ID#2003. Visual image 2005 and text boxes 2007
present the subject with information regarding the subject's skin
conductance measurements over the activities in Stress Profile
testing associated with FIG. 9. Title 2009, visual image 2011 and
text boxes 2013 present the subject with information regarding the
subject's skin temperature measurements over the activities in
Stress Profile testing associated with FIG. 9. Title 2017, visual
image 2019, and text boxes 2021 present the subject with
information regarding the subject's respiration rate measurements
over the activities in Stress Profile testing associated with FIG.
9. Title 2023, visual image 2025, and text boxes 2027 present the
subject with information regarding the subject's heart rate
measurements over the activities in Stress Profile testing
associated with FIG. 9. Title 2029, visual image 2031, and text
boxes 2033 present the subject with information regarding the
subject's heart rate variability measurements over the activities
in Stress Profile testing associated with FIG. 9.
[0108] FIG. 21 is a representation of screen display associated
with testing, for effectiveness of controlled breathing for use in
a relaxation protocol, established and monitored by the program of
FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is presented with title 2101
and text window 2107, which provides the subject with instructions
on how to undergo the relaxation-inducing protocol controlled
breathing 1003. Window 2103 provides the subject with a visual
representation of a pacer for controlled breathing, by which the
subject is provided visual information regarding how closely he or
she is breathing in sync with a specified respiration rate. Bar
2105 presents the subject with visual information regarding
progress (time) through the exercise.
[0109] FIG. 22 is a representation of a screen display associated
with testing, for effectiveness of passive muscle relaxation for
use in a relaxation protocol, established and monitored by the
program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is presented with
title 2201 and text window 2205, which provides the subject with
instructions on how undergo the relaxation-inducing protocol
passive muscle relaxation 1007. Window 2203 provides the subject
with a visual representation of an individual undergoing passive
muscle relaxation exercises with a practitioner, who now and again
may provide the subject with audio and visual prompts, controlled
by volume control 2209. Button 2207 optionally allows the subject
to enable voice recognition capabilities.
[0110] FIG. 23 is a representation of a screen display associated
with testing, for effectiveness of autogenics for use in a
relaxation protocol, established and monitored by the program of
FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is presented with title 2301
and text window 2303, which provides the subject with instructions
on how undergo the relaxation-inducing protocol autogenics 1011.
Window 2305 provides the subject with a visual representation of an
individual undergoing autogenics exercises with a practitioner, who
now and again may provide the subject with audio and visual
prompts, controlled by volume control 2307. Button 2309 optionally
allows the subject to enable voice recognition capabilities.
[0111] FIG. 24 is a representation of a screen display associated
with testing, for effectiveness of guided imagery for use in a
relaxation protocol, established and monitored by the program of
FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is presented with title 2401
and text window 2405, which provides the subject with instructions
on how undergo the relaxation-inducing protocol guided imagery
1015. Window 2403 provides the subject with a visual representation
of an individual undergoing guided imagery exercises with a
practitioner, who now and again may provide the subject with audio
and visual prompts, controlled by volume control 2409. Button 2407
optionally allows the subject to enable voice recognition
capabilities.
[0112] FIG. 25 is a representation of a screen display associated
with testing, for effectiveness of mindfulness for use in a
relaxation protocol, established and monitored by the program of
FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is presented with title 2501
and text window 2505, which provides the subject with instructions
on how undergo the relaxation-inducing protocol mindfulness 1019.
Window 2503 provides the subject with a visual representation of an
individual undergoing mindfulness exercises with a practitioner,
who now and again may provide the subject with audio and visual
prompts, controlled by volume control 2509. Button 2507 optionally
allows the subject to enable voice recognition capabilities.
[0113] FIG. 26 is a representation of a display of a relaxation
profile screen, wherein the results of activities associated with
FIGS. 21-25 are summarized and presented visually to the subject by
the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is presented
with title 2601 and user ID#2603. Title 2605, visual image 2607,
and text boxes 2609 present the subject with information regarding
the subject's skin conductance measurements over the activities in
Relaxation Profile testing associated with FIG. 10. Title 2611,
visual image 2613, and text boxes 2615 present the subject with
information regarding the subject's skin temperature measurements
over the activities in Relaxation Profile testing associated with
FIG. 10. Title 2617, visual image 2619, and text boxes 2621 present
the subject with information regarding the subject's respiration
rate measurements over the activities in Relaxation Profile testing
associated with FIG. 10. Title 2623, visual image 2625, and text
boxes 2627 present the subject with information regarding the
subject's heart rate measurements over the activities in Relaxation
Profile testing associated with FIG. 10. Title 2629, visual image
2631, and text boxes 2633 present the subject with information
regarding the subject's heart rate variability measurements over
the activities in Relaxation Profile testing associated with FIG.
10.
[0114] FIG. 27 is a representation of a screen display detailing a
synthesized summary of the results associated with FIGS. 20 and 26,
together with a detailed course of action that the subject will be
caused to follow over subsequent iterations of the program of FIG.
13. On this screen, the subject is presented with title 2701 and
text box 2709, wherein the subject is presented with a detailed
analysis and explanation of the Stress Profile testing associated
with FIG. 9, Relaxation Profile testing associated with FIG. 10,
and a synthesis thereof. Image scroll 2703 presents the subject
with a visual representation of the information provided in textbox
2709. Buttons 2705 and 2707 enable the subject to scroll between
images in the image scroll 2703.
[0115] FIG. 28 is a representation of a screen display providing a
visual template for the course of action associated with FIG. 27 by
the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is presented
with title 2801 and box 2803, which displays time elapsed and time
remaining (in minutes and seconds) for a particular training
module. Window 2805 displays information pertaining to the
subject's selected stress-indicating physiological parameter.
Window 2807 displays information pertaining to the subject's
selected relaxation protocol. Window 2809 displays information
pertaining to the subject's selected stress-inducing activity.
Arrow bars 2811, 2813, 2815, 2817, and 2819, taken together,
present the subject with a simulated race challenge, wherein the
subject attempts to affect user ball 2815 to reach the end of its
arrow bar before balls 2811, 2813, 2817, and 2819 (opponent balls)
reach the end of their respective arrow bars. The manner by which
all balls move along their respective arrow lines is a function of
the magnitude of discrepancy between the subject's stress condition
measurements and a specified baseline measurement of the selected
stress-indicating physiological parameter. The closer the subject's
stress-condition measurement is to the target baseline measurement,
the more likely the subject's ball 2815 will reach the end of its
arrow line before the opponent balls 2811, 2813, 2817, and 2819
reach the end of their respective arrow lines.
[0116] FIG. 29 is a representation of a visual progression of
training sessions associated with the course of action presented in
FIG. 27 that the subject will experience in a sequenced manner as a
function of the program of FIG. 13, from Basic Training I, II, and
III through Advanced Training I, II, and III. This screen contains
title 2901 and six sequenced training phase images: 2903, 2905,
2907, 2909, 2911 and 2913, respectively. Image 2903 represents a
display of Basic Training session I, wherein the subject will
undergo processes 1101 and 1103, with the results thereof to be
presented real-time to the subject in the race game associated with
FIG. 28 (items 2811-2819). Image 2905 represents a display of Basic
Training session II, wherein the subject will undergo processes
1105 and 1107, with the results thereof to be presented real-time
to the subject in the race game associated with FIG. 28 (items
2811-2819). Image 2907 represents a display of Basic Training
session III, wherein the subject will undergo processes 1109 and
1111, with the results thereof to be presented real-time to the
subject in the race game associated with FIG. 28 (items
2811-2819).
[0117] Image 2909 represents a display of Advanced Training session
I, wherein the subject will undergo processes 1201 and 1203, with
the results thereof to be presented real-time to the subject in the
race game associated with FIG. 28 (items 2811-2819). Image 2911
represents a display of Advanced Training session II, wherein the
subject will undergo processes 1205 and 1207, with the results
thereof to be presented real-time to the subject in the race game
associated with FIG. 28 (items 2811-2819). Image 2911 represents a
display of Advanced Training session III, wherein the subject will
undergo processes 1209 and 1211, with the results thereof to be
presented real-time to the subject in the race game associated with
FIG. 28 (items 2811-2819).
[0118] FIG. 30 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the first of three basic training sessions that the subject
will undergo as established by the course of action associated with
FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is
presented with title 3001 and timer window 3003. Window 3005
provides the subject with a visual representation of a pacer for
controlled breathing, by which the subject is provided visual
information regarding how closely he or she is breathing in sync
with a specified respiration rate. Arrow line and ball images 3007,
3009, 3011, 3013, and 3015 together represent a visual image of the
race game associated with FIG. 28 (items 2811-2819).
[0119] FIG. 31 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the subject's attainment of a specific goal, established by
the results associated with FIGS. 20, 26, and 27, during the first
of three basic training sessions that the subject will undergo as
established by the course of action associated with FIG. 27 by the
program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is presented with
title 3101 and timer window 3103. Window 3105 provides the subject
with a visual representation of a pacer for controlled breathing,
by which the subject is provided visual information regarding how
closely he or she is breathing in sync with a specified respiration
rate. Arrow line and ball images 3107, 3109, 3111, 3113, and 3115
together represent a visual image of the race game associated with
FIG. 28 (items 2811-2819). In this screen display, ball 3111 has
reached the end of its arrow before balls 3107, 3109, 3113, and
3115 have reached the end of their respective arrow lines, the
result of which represents the subject's attaining a specified goal
and passing the training phase.
[0120] FIG. 32 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the subject's failure to attain a specified goal, established
by the results associated with FIGS. 20, 26, and 27, during the
first of three basic training sessions that the subject will
undergo as established by the course of action associated with FIG.
27 by the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is
presented with title 3201 and timer window 3203. Window 3205
provides the subject with a visual representation of a pacer for
controlled breathing, by which the subject is provided visual
information regarding how closely he or she is breathing in sync
with a specified respiration rate. Arrow line and ball images 3207,
3209, 3211, 3213, and 3215 together represent a visual image of the
race game associated with FIG. 28 (items 2811-2819). In this screen
display, ball 3209 has reached the end of its arrow before balls
3207, 3211, 3213, and 3215 have reached the end of their respective
arrow lines, the result of which represents the subject's not
attaining a specified goal and not passing the training phase.
[0121] FIG. 33 is a representation of screen display associated
with the second of three basic training sessions that the subject
will undergo as established by the course of action associated with
FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is
presented with title 3301 and timer window 3303. Window 3305
provides the subject with a visual representation of a pacer for
controlled breathing, by which the subject is provided visual
information regarding how closely he or she is breathing in sync
with a specified respiration rate. Window 3305 provides the subject
with a visual representation of his or her selected
stress-indicating physiological parameter. Arrow line and ball
images 3309, 3311, 3313, 3315, and 3317 together represent a visual
image of the race game associated with FIG. 28 (items
2811-2819).
[0122] FIG. 34 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the third of three basic training sessions that the subject
will undergo as established by the course of action associated with
FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is
presented with title 3401 and timer window 3403. Window 3405
provides the subject with a visual representation of his or her
selected stress-indicating physiological parameter. Arrow line and
ball images 3407, 3409, 3411, 3413, and 3415 together represent a
visual image of the race game associated with FIG. 28 (items
2811-2819).
[0123] FIG. 35 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the first of three advanced training sessions that the subject
will undergo as established by the course of action associated with
FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is
presented with title 3501 and timer window 3503. Window 3507
provides the subject with a visual representation of a pacer for
controlled breathing, by which the subject is provided visual
information regarding how closely he or she is breathing in sync
with a specified respiration rate. Window 3505 provides the subject
with a visual representation of his or her selected
stress-indicating physiological parameter. Window 3509 prompts the
subject to perform the selected stress-inducing activity for a
period of time. Arrow line and ball images 3511, 3513, 3515, 3517,
and 3519 together represent a visual image of the race game
associated with FIG. 28 (items 2811-2819).
[0124] FIG. 36 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the second of three advanced training sessions that the
subject will undergo as established by the course of action
associated with FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13. On this screen,
the subject is presented with title 3601 and timer window 3603.
Window 3605 provides the subject with a visual representation of
his or her selected stress-indicating physiological parameter.
Window 3607 prompts the subject to perform the selected
stress-inducing activity for a period of time. Arrow line and ball
images 3609, 3611, 3613, 3615, and 3617 together represent a visual
image of the race game associated with FIG. 28 (items
2811-2819).
[0125] FIG. 37 is a representation of a screen display associated
with the third of three advanced training sessions that the subject
will undergo as established by the course of action associated with
FIG. 27 by the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is
presented with title 3701 and timer window 3703. Window 3505
prompts the subject to perform the selected stress-inducing
activity for a period of time. Arrow line and ball images 3707,
3709, 3711, 3713, and 3715 together represent a visual image of the
race game associated with FIG. 28 (items 2811-2819).
[0126] FIG. 38 is a representation of a display of an end screen by
the program of FIG. 13. On this screen, the subject is presented
with title 3801 and company logo image 3807. Windows 3803 and 3805
provide the subject with a graphical representation of his or her
progress and his or her score results, respectively, through the
processes associated with FIGS. 16-19, 21-25, 30, and 33-37.
[0127] FIG. 39 schematically represents a microcontroller firmware
process 3901 associated with the system architecture of FIG. 2, in
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for
carrying out the method embodiment of FIG. 1. In accordance with
this embodiment, a microcontroller first carries out an
initialization process. The firmware reads the microcontroller
power supply in process 3903 to ensure stability and accuracy in
measurements. If process 3903 returns a value at or above a preset
threshold, process 3905 is allowed to begin, whereby the controller
reads sensory values provided by mechanism 225. If the value is
below the preset threshold, state 3907 is assumed, whereby the
controller recognizes that the battery power is too low for process
3905 to be properly carried out. This information is then sent to
the computer via process 3909.
[0128] The firmware then calibrates the sensors in process 3911 to
normalize the measurements. Each sensor that is in need of
adjustments is calibrated one at a time, which is regulated via
process 3913. If a sensor is unable to provide calibrated
measurements, status 3915 is entered, wherein the controller sends
an error report to the computer in process 3917 and terminates.
Process 3919 sends a confirmation report to the computer if all
sensors in need of calibration do so without error.
[0129] Once the report is sent, the microcontroller locks the
calibration settings in process 3921, thereby enabling the device
to begin reading sensors in process 3923 and sending measurements
to the computer in process 3925. In processes 3923 and 3925, the
controller enters a stream of communication with the host computer
in which ADC is carried out for each sensor and sent to the
computer periodically.
[0130] If at any time an error occurs during operation of any of
the aforementioned processes 3903-3925, processes 3927, 3929 and
3931 act to detect such an error and report it to the computer.
Process 3927 detects errors separately from the main program flow.
This allows the device to detect various errors in process 3929,
and interrupt the main program flow so as to allow process 3931 to
send a report of the error to the host computer.
[0131] FIG. 40 schematically represents an architecture of a power
conditioner 4001 associated with the system architecture of FIG. 2,
in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for
carrying out the method embodiment of FIG. 1. Four AA batteries
4003, 4005, 4007, and 4009 are connected in series to supply a 6
volt voltage source. This voltage is conditioned in DC-to-DC
converter 4011 to supply positive and negative supply rails so as
to ensure the stable operational amplifiers used to carry out the
method embodiment of FIG. 1. The voltage source level is then
reduced in regulator 4013 in accordance with 221 power
requirements. This regulation process is monitored by a program
executing in the microcontroller 4015 in accordance with processes
3903, 3907, and 3909. The regulated power source is then supplied
to the rest of the device, as embodied by the load 4017.
[0132] FIG. 41 schematically represents an architecture of a skin
conductance sensor pre-filter system 4101 associated with the
system architecture of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention, for carrying out the method embodiment of
FIG. 1. Skin conductance sensor 4103 connects to DAQ board 209, and
includes two finger straps 4105 and 4111 for fixing the sensor to
fingers of the subject, and two contacts 4107 and 4109 for
measuring skin conductance of the subject. Before conditioning the
signal, a microcontroller controls the flow of the signal in a
process under control of microcontroller 4113 by either enabling or
disabling sensor 4103. A high-pass filter 4115 filters the signal
from 4103 of high-frequency electrical noise so as to prepare the
signal for analog-to-digital conversion by ADC 225. A low-pass
filter 4117 filters the signal of DC electrical offset, so as to
normalize and prepare the signal for conversion. The signal is then
amplified in amplifier 4119 to a range suitable for conversion. A
reference voltage 4121 is supplied to the amplification circuitry
4119 so as to provide a baseline to which the signal deviates
according to user stimuli. This output signal is then sent to ADC
225 as shown by block 4123.
[0133] FIG. 42 schematically represents an architecture of a
respiration rate sensor pre-filter system 4201 associated with the
system architecture of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of
the present invention, for carrying out the method embodiment of
FIG. 1. A breathing rate sensor 4203 connects to DAQ board 209, and
includes a chest strap 4205 for fixing the sensor to the subject,
and a resistive belt 4207 for measuring the expansion of the
subject's chest. Instrumentation amplifier 4213 amplifies the
signal from resistive belt 4207. A reference resistance 4209
provides a precision reference to the differential amplifier 4213
to compare to the unknown resistance in the sensor 4203 to produce
a signal with optimal resolution and without major DC offset. A
microcontroller 4211 controls this resistance so as to calibrate
the sensor through the firmware process 3911. A reference voltage
4215 is provided to the amplifier 4213 to provide a baseline to
which the signal deviates according to user stimuli. A high-pass
filter 4217 then filters the signal from the amplifier 4213 of
high-frequency electrical noise so as to prepare the signal for ADC
225. A low-pass filter 4219 filters the signal from the high-pass
filter 4217 of DC electrical offset, so as to normalize and prepare
the signal for measurements in analog-to-digital conversion. The
microcontroller also controls the flow of the signal from the
resistive belt 4207 to the amplifier 4213 in a firmware process
4211, in accordance to the methods embodied by FIG. 39. This
filtered signal is then sent to the controller for ADC 225 as shown
by block 4221.
[0134] FIG. 43 schematically represents an architecture of a heart
rate sensor system 4301 associated with the system architecture of
FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
for carrying out the method embodiment of FIG. 1. The heart rate
sensor 4303 includes a photodiode 4305 that captures light
emanating from an infrared diode 4307. The finger clip 4309 keeps
both diodes in fixed relation to the subject's finger while process
4311 controls the electrical current flowing to the infrared diode
4307. The absorbed infrared light is detected by the photodiode
4305, producing a signal that is sent to 4313, where it is filtered
of high-frequency noise. This signal is then filtered of DC offset
via a low-pass filter 4315. The filtered signal is then amplified
in 4317 with a baseline voltage reference 4319 and sent to process
225 to be converted into a digital format as shown by block
4321.
[0135] FIG. 44 schematically represents an architecture of a skin
temperature sensor system 4401 associated with the system
architecture of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the
present invention, for carrying out the method embodiment of FIG.
1. A temperature sensor 4403 is made of a sensor 4407 which is
strapped to the subject via a hand strap 4405. A microcontroller
4409 controls the signal flow from the sensor 4407 via firmware
embodied in process 3901. The signal is sent from sensor 4407 to a
high-pass filter 4411 and is filtered of any high-frequency noise.
This signal is then filtered of any DC-offset in a low-pass filter
4413, after which the signal is amplified in accordance to 221 with
a reference voltage 4417 supplying a baseline for which the signal
deviates according to user stimuli. This filtered and formatted
signal is then sent to ADC 225 as shown by block 4419.
[0136] The present invention may be embodied in many different
forms, including, but in no way limited to, computer program logic
for use with a processor (e.g., a microprocessor, microcontroller,
digital signal processor, or general purpose computer),
programmable logic for use with a programmable logic device (e.g.,
a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other PLD), discrete
components, integrated circuitry (e.g., an Application Specific
Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), or any other means including any
combination thereof.
[0137] Computer program logic implementing all or part of the
functionality previously described herein may be embodied in
various forms, including, but in no way limited to, a source code
form, a computer executable form, and various intermediate forms
(e.g., forms generated by an assembler, compiler, networker, or
locator.) Source code may include a series of computer program
instructions implemented in any of various programming languages
(e.g., an object code, an assembly language, or a high-level
language such as Fortran, C, C++, JAVA, or HTML) for use with
various operating systems or operating environments. The source
code may define and use various data structures and communication
messages. The source code may be in a computer executable form
(e.g., via an interpreter), or the source code may be converted
(e.g., via a translator, assembler, or compiler) into a computer
executable form.
[0138] The computer program may be fixed in any form (e.g., source
code form, computer executable form, or an intermediate form)
either permanently or transitorily in a tangible storage medium,
such as a semiconductor memory device (e.g., a RAM, ROM, PROM,
EEPROM, or Flash-Programmable RAM), a magnetic memory device (e.g.,
a diskette or fixed disk), an optical memory device (e.g., a
CD-ROM), a PC card (e.g., PCMCIA card), or other memory device. The
computer program may be fixed in any form in a signal that is
transmittable to a computer using any of various communication
technologies, including, but in no way limited to, analog
technologies, digital technologies, optical technologies, wireless
technologies, networking technologies, and internetworking
technologies. The computer program may be distributed in any form
as a removable storage medium with accompanying printed or
electronic documentation (e.g., shrink wrapped software or a
magnetic tape), preloaded with a computer system (e.g., on system
ROM or fixed disk), or distributed from a server or electronic
bulletin board over the communication system (e.g., the Internet or
World Wide Web.)
[0139] Hardware logic (including programmable logic for use with a
programmable logic device) implementing all or part of the
functionality previously described herein may be designed using
traditional manual methods, or may be designed, captured,
simulated, or documented electronically using various tools, such
as Computer Aided Design (CAD), a hardware description language
(e.g., VHDL or AHDL), or a PLD programming language (e.g., PALASM,
ABEL, or CUPL.)
[0140] Embodiments of the present invention may be described,
without limitation, by the following clauses. While these
embodiments have been described in the clauses by process steps, an
apparatus comprising a computer with associated display capable of
executing the process steps in the clauses below is also included
in the present invention. Likewise, a computer program product
including computer executable instructions for executing the
process steps in the clauses below and stored on a computer
readable medium is included within the present invention.
[0141] The embodiments of the invention described above are
intended to be merely exemplary; numerous variations and
modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All
such variations and modifications are intended to be within the
scope of the present invention as defined in any appended
claims.
* * * * *