U.S. patent application number 14/740554 was filed with the patent office on 2015-12-17 for methods, reagents and cells for biosynthesizing compound.
The applicant listed for this patent is INVISTA North America S.a r.l.. Invention is credited to Adriana Leonora Botes, Alex Van Eck Conradie.
Application Number | 20150361458 14/740554 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53488477 |
Filed Date | 2015-12-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150361458 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Botes; Adriana Leonora ; et
al. |
December 17, 2015 |
METHODS, REAGENTS AND CELLS FOR BIOSYNTHESIZING COMPOUND
Abstract
This document describes biochemical pathways for producing
2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester from precursors such as
2-oxo-glutarate, acetyl-CoA, or succinyl-CoA using one or more of a
fatty acid O-methyltransferase, a thioesterase, a CoA-transferase,
a CoA ligase, as well as recombinant hosts expressing one or more
of such enzymes. 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester can be
enzymatically converted to pimeloyl-CoA using a trans-2-enoyl-CoA
reductase, and a methylesterase. Pimeloyl-CoA can be enzymatically
converted to pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate,
heptamethylenediamine, or 1,7-heptanediol.
Inventors: |
Botes; Adriana Leonora;
(Rosedale East, GB) ; Conradie; Alex Van Eck;
(Eaglescliffe, GB) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
INVISTA North America S.a r.l. |
Wilmington |
DE |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
53488477 |
Appl. No.: |
14/740554 |
Filed: |
June 16, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
62012735 |
Jun 16, 2014 |
|
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|
62012674 |
Jun 16, 2014 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
435/128 ;
435/130; 435/135; 435/142; 435/146; 435/158; 435/252.3; 435/252.31;
435/252.32; 435/252.33; 435/252.34; 435/254.2; 435/254.21;
435/254.23; 435/254.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12P 13/001 20130101;
C12Y 206/01018 20130101; C12P 13/005 20130101; C12P 7/18 20130101;
C12P 7/42 20130101; C12Y 206/01048 20130101; C12Y 206/01082
20130101; C12P 7/24 20130101; C12Y 301/01085 20130101; C12N 9/16
20130101; C12N 9/1029 20130101; C12N 9/18 20130101; C12P 7/40
20130101; C12N 9/1096 20130101; C12P 7/62 20130101; C12P 7/44
20130101; C12P 11/00 20130101; C12Y 301/02 20130101; C12Y 206/01019
20130101; C12N 9/0008 20130101; C12P 17/10 20130101; C12Y 102/99006
20130101; C12Y 203/01016 20130101; C12Y 206/01029 20130101; C07C
69/533 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C12P 7/62 20060101
C12P007/62; C12P 13/00 20060101 C12P013/00; C12P 7/42 20060101
C12P007/42; C12N 9/18 20060101 C12N009/18; C12P 11/00 20060101
C12P011/00; C12N 9/16 20060101 C12N009/16; C12N 9/10 20060101
C12N009/10; C12N 9/02 20060101 C12N009/02; C12P 7/44 20060101
C12P007/44; C12P 7/18 20060101 C12P007/18 |
Claims
1. A method of shielding a carbon chain aliphatic backbone,
functionalized with terminal carboxyl groups, in a recombinant
host, said method comprising: enzymatically converting a
n-carboxy-2-enoic acid to a n-carboxy-2-enoate methyl ester in said
host using a polypeptide having the activity of a fatty acid
O-methyltransferase, wherein n+1 reflects length of the carbon
chain aliphatic backbone; wherein when the n-carboxy-2-enoic acid
is 2(E) heptenedioic acid, the method optionally further comprises
enzymatically converting 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester to
pimeloyl-CoA.
2. (canceled)
3. (canceled)
4. The method of claim 3, said method further comprising
enzymatically converting pimeloyl-CoA to a product selected from
the group consisting of pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate,
7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine, and 1,7-heptanediol;
wherein. pimeloyl-CoA is converted to the product using one or more
polypeptides having thioesterase, reversible CoA-ligase,
glutaconate CoA-transferase, .omega.-transaminase,
6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, 5-hydroxypentanoate
dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, alcohol
dehydrogenase, carboxylate reductase or alcohol dehydrogenase
activity.
5. (canceled)
6. A method of producing 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester in a
recombinant host, said method comprising: enzymatically converting
2(E)-heptenedioate to 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester using a
polypeptide having fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity, said
method optionally further comprising enzymatically converting
2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester to pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester,
wherein the 2(E)-heptenedioate is enzymatically produced from
2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA using a polypeptide having thioesterase or
CoA-transferase activity.
7. (canceled)
8. (canceled)
9. (canceled)
10. The method of claim 6, wherein: said polypeptide having
thioesterase activity has at least 70% sequence identity to an
amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 5; said
polypeptide having CoA-transferase activity has at least 70%
sequence identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:
24 or SEQ ID NO: 25; and said polypeptide having fatty acid
O-methyltransferase activity has at least 70% sequence identity to
an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, or
SEQ ID NO: 3.
11. (canceled)
12. The method of claim 1, wherein: the polypeptide having fatty
acid O-methyltransferase activity is classified under EC 2.1.1.15;
and the polypeptide having CoA ligase activity is classified under
EC 6.2.1.2 or EC 6.2.1.3.
13. (canceled)
14. The method of claim 6, wherein 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester
is enzymatically converted to 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester
using a polypeptide having CoA ligase activity classified under EC
6.2.1, the method optionally further comprising enzymatically
converting 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester to pimeloyl-CoA
methyl ester using a polypeptide having trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase
activity; wherein the polypeptide having CoA ligase activity is
classified under EC 6.2.1.2 or EC 6.2.1.3.
15. (canceled)
16. (canceled)
17. (canceled)
18. The method of claim 14, said method further comprising
enzymatically converting pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester to pimeloyl-CoA
using a polypeptide having pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase
activity, said polypeptide having at least 70% sequence identity to
the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6.
19. (canceled)
20. (canceled)
21. The method of claim 18, further comprising enzymatically
converting pimeloyl-CoA to a product selected from the group
consisting of pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate,
heptamethylenediamine, and 1,7-heptanediol; wherein: pimeloyl-CoA
is converted to pimelic acid using a polypeptide having
thioesterase, reversible CoA-ligase, or glutaconate CoA-transferase
activity; or pimeloyl-CoA is converted to pimelate semialdehyde
using a polypeptide having acetylating aldehyde dehydrogenase
activity.
22. (canceled)
23. The method of claim 21, wherein said method further comprises
enzymatically converting pimelic acid to pimelate semialdehyde
using a polypeptide having carboxylate reductase activity.
24. (canceled)
25. The method of claim 23, said method further comprising:
enzymatically converting pimelate semialdehyde to pimelic acid
using a polypeptide having 5-oxopentanoate dehydrogenase,
6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase, 7-oxoheptanoate dehydrogenase, or
aldehyde dehydrogenase activity; enzymatically converting pimelate
semialdehyde to 7-aminoheptanoate using a polypeptide having
.omega.-transaminase activity; enzymatically converting pimelate
semialdehyde to heptamethylenediamine using a polypeptide having
.omega.-transaminase and/or carboxylate reductase activity; or
enzymatically converting pimelate semialdehyde to
7-hydroxyheptanoate using a polypeptide having 6-hydroxyhexanoate
dehydrogenase, 5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase, or alcohol dehydrogenase activity, wherein
7-hydroxyheptanoate is converted to 1,7-heptanediol using a
polypeptide having carboxylate reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase
activity.
26. (canceled)
27. (canceled)
28. (canceled)
29. (canceled)
30. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more steps of said method
are performed by fermentation.
31. The method of claim 1, wherein said host is subjected to a
cultivation strategy under aerobic, anaerobic, micro-aerobic, or
mixed oxygen/denitrification cultivation conditions.
32. The method of claim 1, wherein said host is cultured under
conditions of phosphate, oxygen, and/or nitrogen limitation.
33. The method of claim 1, wherein said host is retained using a
ceramic membrane to maintain a high cell density during
fermentation.
34. The method of claim 30, wherein the principal carbon source fed
to the fermentation derives from biological or non-biological
feedstocks; wherein the biological feedstock is, or derives from,
monosaccharides, disaccharides, lignocellulose, hemicellulose,
cellulose, lignin, levulinic acid, formic acid, triglycerides,
glycerol, fatty acids, agricultural waste, condensed distillers'
solubles, or municipal waste; and wherein the non-biological
feedstock is, or derives from, natural gas, syngas, CO2/H2,
methanol, ethanol, benzoate, non-volatile residue (NVR) caustic
wash waste stream from cyclohexane oxidation processes, or
terephthalic acid/isophthalic acid mixture waste streams.
35. (canceled)
36. (canceled)
37. The method of claim 30, wherein said host comprises one or more
polypeptides having attenuated polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase,
acetyl-CoA thioesterase, acetyl-CoA specific .beta.-ketothiolase,
phosphotransacetylase forming acetate, acetate kinase, lactate
dehydrogenase, menaquinol-fumarate oxidoreductase, 2-oxoacid
decarboxylase producing isobutanol, alcohol dehydrogenase forming
ethanol, triose phosphate isomerase, pyruvate decarboxylase,
glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, transhydrogenase dissipating the
NADPH imbalance, glutamate dehydrogenase dissipating the NADPH
imbalance, NADH/NADPH-utilizing glutamate dehydrogenase,
pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase; acyl-CoA dehydrogenase accepting C7
building blocks and central precursors as substrates; glutaryl-CoA
dehydrogenase; or pimeloyl-CoA synthetase activity, and optionally,
wherein the host overexpresses one or more genes encoding a
polypeptide having acetyl-CoA synthetase; 6-phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase; transketolase; puridine nucleotide transhydrogenase;
formate dehydrogenase; glyceraldehyde-3P-dehydrogenase; malic
enzyme; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; fructose 1,6
diphosphatase; L-alanine dehydrogenase; PEP carboxylase, pyruvate
carboxylase; PEP carboxykinase; PEP synthase; L-glutamate
dehydrogenase specific to the NADPH used to generate a co-factor
imbalance; methanol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,
lysine transporter; dicarboxylate transporter; S-adenosylmethionine
synthetase; 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; 3 phosphoserine
aminotransferase; phosphoserine phosphatase; or a multidrug
transporter activity.
38. (canceled)
39. The method of claim 1, wherein the host is: a prokaryote
selected from the group consisting of Escherichia; Clostridia;
Corynebacteria; Cupriavidus; Pseudomonas; Delftia; Bacillus;
Lactobacillus; Lactococcus; and Rhodococcus; or a eukaryote
selected from the group consisting of Aspergillus, Saccharomyces,
Pichia, Yarrowia, Issatchenkia, Debaryomyces, Arxula, and
Kluyveromyces.
40. (canceled)
41. (canceled)
42. (canceled)
43. (canceled)
44. (canceled)
45. A recombinant host comprising an exogenous nucleic acid
encoding a polypeptide having fatty acid O-methyltransferase
activity, said host producing 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester;
wherein optionally: the host further comprises an exogenous
polypeptide having thioesterase or CoA-transferase activity and the
host produces 2(E)-heptenedioate; the host further comprises an
exogenous polypeptide having CoA ligase activity and the host
produces 2(E)-heptendioyl-CoA methyl ester; host further comprises
an exogenous polypeptide having trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase
activity and the host produces pimeloyl-CoA, adipyl-CoA methyl
ester and/or an exogenous polypeptide having pimeloyl-[acp]methyl
ester methylesterase activity; the host further comprises one or
more exogenous polypeptides having homocitrate synthase,
homocitrate dehydratase, homoaconitate hydratase, isohomocitrate
dehydrogenase, decarboxylase, indolepyruvate decarboxylase,
glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, or a glutarate:CoA ligase
activity; the host further comprises one or more exogenous
polypeptides selected from the group consisting of polypeptides
having (a) .beta.-ketothiolase activity or acetyl-carboxylase
activity in combination with acetoacetyl-CoA synthase activity, (b)
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity, (c) enoyl-CoA
hydratase activity, and either (d) glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase
activity in combination with enoyl-CoA reductase activity or
trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity or (e) glutaconyl-CoA
decarboxylase activity; the host further comprises one or more
exogenous polypeptides having homocitrate synthase, homocitrate
dehydratase, homoaconitate hydratase, isohomocitrate dehydrogenase,
2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, glutaconate CoA-transferase, or
2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase activity; or the host further
comprises one or more exogenous polypeptides having glutarate
semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanedioate aldolase,
2-oxo-hept-3-ene-1,7-dioate hydratase, 2-enoate reductase,
2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, glutaconate CoA-transferase, or
2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase activity.
46. (canceled)
47. (canceled)
48. (canceled)
49. (canceled)
50. (canceled)
51. The recombinant host of claim 45, said host further comprising
one or more exogenous polypeptides having (i)
.beta.-ketoacyl-[acp]synthase activity or .beta.-ketothiolase
activity, (ii) 3-hydroxyacid-CoA dehydrogenase activity, and (iii)
.beta.-hydroxyacid dehydrase activity.
52. (canceled)
53. (canceled)
54. The recombinant host of claim 45, said host further comprising
one or more exogenous polypeptides having thioesterase, aldehyde
dehydrogenase, 7-oxoheptanoate dehydrogenase, 6-oxohexanoate
dehydrogenase, glutaconate CoA-transferase, reversible succinyl-CoA
ligase, acetylating aldehyde dehydrogenase, or carboxylate
reductase enhanced by phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity,
said host further producing pimelic acid or pimelate
semialdehyde.
55. The recombinant host of claim 54, said host further comprising:
an exogenous polypeptide having .omega.-transaminase activity and
said host further produces 7-aminoheptanoate; or one or more
exogenous polypeptides having .omega.-transaminase, deacetylase,
N-acetyl transferase, carboxylate reductase enhanced by
phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity, or alcohol dehydrogenase
activity, said host further producing heptamethylenediamine.
56. The recombinant host of claim 54, said host further comprising
one or more exogenous polypeptides having 4-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase, 5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase,
6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, or alcohol dehydrogenase
activity, said host further producing 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid,
wherein the host optionally further comprises one or more exogenous
polypeptides having (a) carboxylate reductase activity enhanced by
phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity, and (b) alcohol
dehydrogenase activity and the host further produces
1,7-heptanediol.
57. (canceled)
58. (canceled)
59. The method of claim 23, wherein: said polypeptide having
carboxylate reductase activity has at least 70% sequence identity
to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 12; said
polypeptide having .omega.-transaminase activity has at least 70%
sequence identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID
NOs: 13 to 18; said polypeptide having CoA ligase activity has at
least 70% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in
SEQ ID NO: 22 or SEQ ID NO: 23; said polypeptide having
trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity has at least 70% sequence
identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26 or
SEQ ID NO: 27; said polypeptide having thioesterase activity has at
least 70% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in
SEQ ID NO: 21; and said polypeptide having .beta.-ketothiolase
activity has at least 70% sequence identity to an amino acid
sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 28 to 40.
60. (canceled)
61. (canceled)
62. (canceled)
63. (canceled)
64. (canceled)
65. A bio-derived product, bio-based product or
fermentation-derived product, wherein said product comprises: i. a
composition comprising at least one bio-derived, bio-based or
fermentation-derived compound according to claim 1, ii. a
bio-derived, bio-based or fermentation-derived polymer comprising
the bio-derived, bio-based or fermentation-derived composition or
compound of i., or a combination thereof, iii. a bio-derived,
bio-based or fermentation-derived resin comprising the bio-derived,
bio-based or fermentation-derived compound or bio-derived,
bio-based or fermentation-derived composition of i. or any
combination thereof or the bio-derived, bio-based or
fermentation-derived polymer of ii. or a combination thereof, iv. a
molded substance obtained by molding the bio-derived, bio-based or
fermentation-derived polymer of ii. or the bio-derived, bio-based
or fermentation-derived resin of iii., or a combination thereof, v.
a bio-derived, bio-based or fermentation-derived formulation
comprising the bio-derived, bio-based or fermentation-derived
composition of i., bio-derived, bio-based or fermentation-derived
compound of i., bio-derived, bio-based or fermentation-derived
polymer of ii., bio-derived, bio-based or fermentation-derived
resin of iii., or bio-derived, bio-based or fermentation-derived
molded substance of iv, or a combination thereof, or vi. a
bio-derived, bio-based or fermentation-derived semi-solid or a
non-semi-solid stream, comprising the bio-derived, bio-based or
fermentation-derived composition of i., bio-derived, bio-based or
fermentation-derived compound of i., bio-derived, bio-based or
fermentation-derived polymer of ii., bio-derived, bio-based or
fermentation-derived resin of iii., bio-derived, bio-based or
fermentation-derived formulation of v., or bio-derived, bio-based
or fermentation-derived molded substance of iv., or a combination
thereof.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Application Nos.
62/012,674 and 62/012,735, both of which were filed on Jun. 16,
2014, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein
in their entireties.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This invention relates to methods of shielding a carbon
chain aliphatic backbone, functionalized with terminal carboxyl
groups, in a recombinant host using a polypeptide having the
activity of a fatty acid O-methyltransferase. This invention also
relates to methods for biosynthesizing heptenedioyl-CoA methyl
ester in a host using one or more of (i) a polypeptide having fatty
acid O-methyltransferase activity (ii) a polypeptide having
thioesterase activity or CoA-transferase activity, or (iii) a
polypeptide having CoA ligase activity, and to recombinant host
cells expressing one or more such enzymes. In addition, this
invention also relates to methods for enzymatically converting
hept-2-enedioyl-CoA methyl ester to pimeloyl-CoA using a
polypeptide having trans-enoyl-CoA reductase activity and/or a
polypeptide having pimeloyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase activity,
and enzymatically converting pimeloyl-CoA to one or more of pimelic
acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid, heptamethylenediamine,
7-hydroxyheptanoic acid, and 1,7-heptanediol (hereafter "C7
building blocks"), and recombinant hosts that produce such C7
building blocks.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Nylons are polyamides which are sometimes synthesized by the
condensation polymerisation of a diamine with a dicarboxylic acid.
Similarly, nylons may be produced by the condensation
polymerisation of lactams. A ubiquitous nylon is Nylon 6,6, which
is produced by reaction of hexamethylenediamine (HMD) and adipic
acid. Nylon 6 is produced by a ring opening polymerisation of
caprolactam (Anton & Baird, Polyamides Fibers, Encyclopedia of
Polymer Science and Technology, 2001).
[0004] Nylon 7 and Nylon 7,7 represent novel polyamides with
value-added characteristics compared to Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6.
Nylon 7 is produced by polymerisation of 7-aminoheptanoic acid,
whereas Nylon 7,7 is produced by condensation polymerisation of
pimelic acid and heptamethylenediamine. No economically viable
petrochemical routes exist to producing the monomers for Nylon 7
and Nylon 7,7.
[0005] Given no economically viable petrochemical monomer
feedstocks, biotechnology offers an alternative approach via
biocatalysis. Biocatalysis is the use of biological catalysts, such
as enzymes, to perform biochemical transformations of organic
compounds.
[0006] Both bioderived feedstocks and petrochemical feedstocks are
viable starting materials for the biocatalysis processes.
[0007] Accordingly, against this background, it is clear that there
is a need for methods for producing pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoic
acid, heptamethylenediamine, 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid and
1,7-heptanediol (hereafter "C7 building blocks") wherein the
methods are biocatalyst-based.
[0008] However, no wild-type prokaryote or eukaryote naturally
overproduces or excretes C7 building blocks to the extracellular
environment. Nevertheless, the metabolism of pimelic acid has been
reported.
[0009] The dicarboxylic acid, pimelic acid, is converted
efficiently as a carbon source by a number of bacteria and yeasts
via .beta.-oxidation into central metabolites. .beta.-oxidation of
CoEnzyme A (CoA) activated pimelate to CoA-activated 3-oxopimelate
facilitates further catabolism via, for example, pathways
associated with aromatic substrate degradation. The catabolism of
3-oxopimeloyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA and glutaryl-CoA by several
bacteria has been characterized comprehensively (Harwood and
Parales, Annual Review of Microbiology, 1996, 50, 553-590).
[0010] The optimality principle states that microorganisms regulate
their biochemical networks to support maximum biomass growth.
Beyond the need to express heterologous pathways in a host
organism, directing carbon flux towards C7 building blocks that
serve as carbon sources rather than to biomass growth constituents,
contradicts the optimality principle. For example, transferring the
1-butanol pathway from Clostridium species into other production
strains has often fallen short by an order of magnitude compared to
the production performance of native producers (Shen et al., Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 2011, 77(9), 2905-2915).
[0011] The efficient synthesis of the seven carbon aliphatic
backbone precursor is a key consideration in synthesizing C7
building blocks prior to forming terminal functional groups, such
as carboxyl, amine or hydroxyl groups, on the C7 aliphatic
backbone.
SUMMARY
[0012] This document is based at least in part on the discovery
that it is possible to construct biochemical pathways via
hept-2-enedioyl-CoA (also referred to as 2-heptenedioyl-CoA)methyl
ester for producing a seven carbon chain aliphatic backbone
precursor such as pimeloyl-CoA, in which one or two functional
groups, i.e., carboxyl, amine, or hydroxyl, can be formed, leading
to the synthesis of one or more of pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate,
7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine, and 1,7-heptanediol
(hereafter "C7 building blocks). Pimelic acid and pimelate,
7-hydroxyheptanoic acid and 7-hydroxyheptanoate, and
7-aminoheptanoic and 7-aminoheptanoate are used interchangeably
herein to refer to the compound in any of its neutral or ionized
forms, including any salt forms thereof. It is understood by those
skilled in the art that the specific form will depend on pH. These
pathways, metabolic engineering and cultivation strategies
described herein rely on producing 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester
from 2(E)-heptenedioate using, for example, a fatty acid
O-methyltransferase and producing 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl
ester from 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester using, for example, a
CoA ligase. Pimeloyl-CoA can be produced from 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA
methyl ester using, for example, a trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase and
a pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase. 2(E)-heptenedioate can be
produced, for example, from 2-oxoglutarate, acetyl-CoA or succinate
semialdehyde as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
[0013] In the face of the optimality principle, it surprisingly has
been discovered that appropriate non-natural pathways, feedstocks,
host microorganisms, attenuation strategies to the host's
biochemical network and cultivation strategies may be combined to
efficiently produce one or more C7 building blocks.
[0014] In some embodiments, a terminal carboxyl group can be
enzymatically formed using a thioesterase, an aldehyde
dehydrogenase, a 7-oxoheptanoate dehydrogenase, a 6-oxohexanoate
dehydrogenase, a 5-oxopentanoate dehydrogenase, a reversible
CoA-ligase (e.g., a reversible succinyl-CoA-ligase), or a
CoA-transferase (e.g., a glutaconate CoA-transferase). See, FIG.
4.
[0015] In some embodiments, a terminal amine group can be
enzymatically formed using a .omega.-transaminase or a deacetylase.
See, FIGS. 5 and 6.
[0016] In some embodiments, a terminal hydroxyl group can be
enzymatically formed using a 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,
5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase, a 6-hydroxyhexanoate
dehydrogenase, or an alcohol dehydrogenase. See, FIGS. 7 and 8.
[0017] The two terminal functional groups can be the same (e.g.,
amine or hydroxyl) or can be different (e.g., a terminal amine and
a terminal carboxyl group; or a terminal hydroxyl group and a
terminal carboxyl group).
[0018] Any of the methods can be performed in a recombinant host by
fermentation. The host can be subjected to a cultivation strategy
under anaerobic, micro-aerobic or mixed oxygen/denitrification
cultivation conditions. The host can be cultured under conditions
of nutrient limitation. The host can be retained using a ceramic
membrane to maintain a high cell density during fermentation. The
final electron acceptor can be an alternative to oxygen such as
nitrates.
[0019] In any of the methods, the host's tolerance to high
concentrations of a C7 building block can be improved through
continuous cultivation in a selective environment.
[0020] The principal carbon source fed to the fermentation can
derive from biological or non-biological feedstocks. In some
embodiments, the biological feedstock is, includes, or derives
from, monosaccharides, disaccharides, lignocellulose,
hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, levulinic acid and formic acid,
triglycerides, glycerol, fatty acids, agricultural waste, condensed
distillers' solubles, or municipal waste.
[0021] In some embodiments, the non-biological feedstock is or
derives from natural gas, syngas, CO.sub.2/H.sub.2, methanol,
ethanol, benzoate, non-volatile residue (NVR) or a caustic wash
waste stream from cyclohexane oxidation processes, or a
terephthalic acid/isophthalic acid mixture waste stream.
[0022] This document features a recombinant host that includes at
least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding (i) a fatty acid
O-methyltransferase; and (ii) a thioesterase or CoA-transferase,
the host producing 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester. The host can
further include an exogenous CoA ligase, the host further producing
2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester. In some embodiments, the host
can further include an exogenous trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase and/or
an exogenous pimeloyl-[acp]methyl ester methylesterase, and produce
pimeloyl-CoA.
[0023] This document also features a recombinant host that includes
at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding (i) a fatty acid
O-methyltransferase; and (ii) a CoA ligase, the host producing
2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester. Such a host further can include
an exogenous thioesterase or CoA-transferase. In some embodiments,
the host can further include an exogenous trans-2-enoyl-CoA
reductase and/or an exogenous pimeloyl-[acp]methyl ester
methylesterase, and produce pimeloyl-CoA.
[0024] A recombinant host producing pimeloyl-CoA further can
include at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding one or more of
a thioesterase, an aldehyde dehydrogenase, a 7-oxoheptanoate
dehydrogenase, a 6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase, a 5-oxopentanoate
dehydrogenase, a CoA-transferase, a reversible CoA-ligase (e.g., a
reversible succinyl-CoA-ligase), an acetylating aldehyde
dehydrogenase, or a carboxylate reductase, the host producing
pimelic acid or pimelate semialdehyde. In any of the recombinant
hosts expressing a carboxylate reductase, a phosphopantetheinyl
transferase also can be expressed to enhance the activity of the
carboxylate reductase.
[0025] A recombinant host producing pimelate semialdehyde further
can include at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a
.omega.-transaminase, and further produce 7-aminoheptanoate.
[0026] A recombinant host producing pimelate semialdehyde further
can include at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a
4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, a 5-hydroxypentanoate
dehydrogenase or a 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, the host
further producing 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid.
[0027] A recombinant host producing pimelate semialdehyde,
7-aminoheptanoate, or 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid further can include a
carboxylate reductase, a .omega.-transaminase, a deacetylase, an
N-acetyl transferase, or an alcohol dehydrogenase, the host further
producing heptamethylenediamine.
[0028] A recombinant host producing 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid further
can include at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a
carboxylate reductase or an alcohol dehydrogenase, the host further
producing 1,7-heptanediol.
[0029] The recombinant host can be a prokaryote, e.g., from the
genus Escherichia such as Escherichia coli; from the genus
Clostridia such as Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridium
autoethanogenum or Clostridium kluyveri; from the genus
Corynebacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum; from the genus
Cupriavidus such as Cupriavidus necator or Cupriavidus
metallidurans; from the genus Pseudomonas such as Pseudomonas
fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida or Pseudomonas oleavorans; from the
genus Delftia acidovorans, from the genus Bacillus such as Bacillus
subtillis; from the genes Lactobacillus such as Lactobacillus
delbrueckii; from the genus Lactococcus such as Lactococcus lactis
or from the genus Rhodococcus such as Rhodococcus equi.
[0030] The recombinant host can be an eukaryote, e.g., a eukaryote
from the genus Aspergillus such as Aspergillus niger; from the
genus Saccharomyces such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae; from the
genus Pichia such as Pichia pastoris; from the genus Yarrowia such
as Yarrowia lipolytica, from the genus Issatchenkia such as
Issathenkia orientalis, from the genus Debaryomyces such as
Debaryomyces hansenii, from the genus Arxula such as Arxula
adenoinivorans, or from the genus Kluyveromyces such as
Kluyveromyces lactis.
[0031] Any of the recombinant hosts described herein further can
include one or more of the following attenuated enzymes:
polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase, an acetyl-CoA thioesterase, an
acetyl-CoA specific .beta.-ketothiolase, a phosphotransacetylase
forming acetate, an acetate kinase, a lactate dehydrogenase, a
menaquinol-fumarate oxidoreductase, an alcohol dehydrogenase
forming ethanol, a triose phosphate isomerase, a pyruvate
decarboxylase, a glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, a transhydrogenase
dissipating the NADPH imbalance, an glutamate dehydrogenase
dissipating the NADPH imbalance, a NADH/NADPH-utilizing glutamate
dehydrogenase, a pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase; an acyl-CoA
dehydrogenase accepting C7 building blocks and central precursors
as substrates; a glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase; or a pimeloyl-CoA
synthetase.
[0032] Any of the recombinant hosts described herein further can
overexpress one or more genes encoding: an acetyl-CoA synthetase, a
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; a transketolase; a puridine
nucleotide transhydrogenase; a formate dehydrogenase; a
glyceraldehyde-3P-dehydrogenase; a malic enzyme; a
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; a fructose 1,6 diphosphatase; a
L-alanine dehydrogenase; a PEP carboxylase, a pyruvate carboxylase,
PEP carboxykinase, PEP synthase, a L-glutamate dehydrogenase
specific to the NADPH used to generate the imbalance; a methanol
dehydrogenase, a formaldehyde dehydrogenase, a lysine transporter;
a dicarboxylate transporter; an S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, a
3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, a 3-phosphoserine
aminotransferase, a phosphoserine phosphatase, and/or a multidrug
transporter.
[0033] The reactions of the pathways described herein can be
performed in one or more cell (e.g., host cell) strains (a)
naturally expressing one or more relevant enzymes, (b) genetically
engineered to express one or more relevant enzymes, or (c)
naturally expressing one or more relevant enzymes and genetically
engineered to express one or more relevant enzymes. Alternatively,
relevant enzymes can be extracted from any of the above types of
host cells and used in a purified or semi-purified form. Extracted
enzymes can optionally be immobilized to a solid substrate such as
the floors and/or walls of appropriate reaction vessels. Moreover,
such extracts include lysates (e.g., cell lysates) that can be used
as sources of relevant enzymes. In the methods provided by the
document, all the steps can be performed in cells (e.g., host
cells), all the steps can be performed using extracted enzymes, or
some of the steps can be performed in cells and others can be
performed using extracted enzymes.
[0034] Many of the enzymes described herein catalyze reversible
reactions, and the reaction of interest may be the reverse of the
described reaction. The schematic pathways shown in FIGS. 1 to 8
illustrate the reaction of interest for each of the
intermediates.
[0035] In one aspect, this document features a method for producing
a bioderived seven carbon compound. The method for producing a
bioderived seven carbon compound can include culturing or growing a
recombinant host as described herein under conditions and for a
sufficient period of time to produce the bioderived seven carbon
compound, wherein, optionally, the bioderived seven carbon compound
is selected from the group consisting of pimelic acid,
7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine,
1,7-heptanediol, and combinations thereof.
[0036] In one aspect, this document features composition comprising
a bioderived seven carbon compound as described herein and a
compound other than the bioderived seven carbon compound, wherein
the bioderived seven carbon compound is selected from the group
consisting of pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate,
heptamethylenediamine, 1,7-heptanediol, and combinations thereof.
For example, the bioderived seven carbon compound is a cellular
portion of a host cell or an organism.
[0037] This document also features a biobased polymer comprising
the bioderived pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate,
7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine, 1,7-heptanediol, and
combinations thereof.
[0038] This document also features a biobased resin comprising the
bioderived pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate,
heptamethylenediamine, 1,7-heptanediol, and combinations thereof,
as well as a molded product obtained by molding a biobased
resin.
[0039] In another aspect, this document features a process for
producing a biobased polymer that includes chemically reacting the
bioderived pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate,
heptamethylenediamine, or 1,7-heptanediol, with itself or another
compound in a polymer producing reaction.
[0040] In another aspect, this document features a process for
producing a biobased resin that includes chemically reacting the
bioderived pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate,
heptamethylenediamine, or 1,7-heptanediol, with itself or another
compound in a resin producing reaction.
[0041] Also, described herein is a biochemical network comprising a
polypeptide having fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity, wherein
the polypeptide having fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity
enzymatically converts 2(E) heptenedioic acid to 2(E) heptenedioate
methyl ester. The biochemical network can further include a
polypeptide having CoA ligase activity, wherein the polypeptide
having CoA ligase activity enzymatically converts 2(E)
heptenedioate methyl ester to 2(E) heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester.
The biochemical network can further include a polypeptide having
trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity, wherein the polypeptide
having trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity enzymatically converts
2(E) heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester to pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester.
The biochemical network can further include a polypeptide having
pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase activity, wherein the
polypeptide having pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase activity
enzymatically converts pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester to
pimeloyl-CoA.
[0042] The biochemical network can further include one or more
polypeptides having thioesterase, reversible CoA-ligase,
glutaconate CoA-transferase, .omega.-transaminase,
6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, 5-hydroxypentanoate
dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, alcohol
dehydrogenase, carboxylate reductase, or alcohol dehydrogenase
activity, wherein the one or more polypeptides having thioesterase,
reversible CoA-ligase, glutaconate CoA-transferase,
.omega.-transaminase, 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase,
5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,
alcohol dehydrogenase, carboxylate reductase, or alcohol
dehydrogenase activity enzymatically convert pimeloyl-CoA to a
product selected from the group consisting of pimelic acid,
7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine, and
1,7-heptanediol.
[0043] Also, described herein is a means for obtaining
2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester, 2-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester,
pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate, 7-hydroxyheptanoate,
heptamethylenediamine, and 1,7-heptanediol using one or more
polypeptides having thioesterase, reversible CoA-ligase,
glutaconate CoA-transferase, .omega.-transaminase,
6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, 5-hydroxypentanoate
dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, alcohol
dehydrogenase, carboxylate reductase or alcohol dehydrogenase
activity.
[0044] In another aspect, this document features a composition
comprising one or more polypeptides having fatty acid
O-methyltransferase, thioesterase, reversible CoA-ligase,
glutaconate CoA-transferase, .omega.-transaminase,
6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, 5-hydroxypentanoate
dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, alcohol
dehydrogenase, carboxylate reductase, or alcohol dehydrogenase
activity and at least one of 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester,
2-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester, pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate,
7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine, and 1,7-heptanediol.
The composition can be cellular.
[0045] One of skill in the art understands that compounds
containing carboxylic acid groups (including, but not limited to,
organic monoacids, hydroxyacids, aminoacids, and dicarboxylic
acids) are formed or converted to their ionic salt form when an
acidic proton present in the parent compound either is replaced by
a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth ion, or
an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base. Acceptable
organic bases include, but are not limited to, ethanolamine,
diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, N-methylglucamine,
and the like. Acceptable inorganic bases include, but are not
limited to, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and the like. A salt
of the present invention is isolated as a salt or converted to the
free acid by reducing the pH to below the pKa, through addition of
acid or treatment with an acidic ion exchange resin.
[0046] One of skill in the art understands that compounds
containing amine groups (including, but not limited to, organic
amines, aminoacids, and diamines) are formed or converted to their
ionic salt form, for example, by addition of an acidic proton to
the amine to form the ammonium salt, formed with inorganic acids
such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric
acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids
including, but not limited to, acetic acid, propionic acid,
hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic
acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic
acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid,
3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid,
methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethanedisulfonic
acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid,
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid,
4-methylbicyclo-[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic
acid, 4,4'-methylenebis-(3-hydroxy-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid),
3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic
acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid,
hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, muconic acid,
and the like. Acceptable inorganic bases include, but are not
limited to, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and the like. A salt
of the present invention is isolated as a salt or converted to the
free amine by raising the pH to above the pKb through addition of
base or treatment with a basic ion exchange resin.
[0047] One of skill in the art understands that compounds
containing both amine groups and carboxylic acid groups (including,
but not limited to, aminoacids) are formed or converted to their
ionic salt form by either 1) acid addition salts, formed with
inorganic acids including, but not limited to, hydrochloric acid,
hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and
the like; or formed with organic acids including, but not limited
to, acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid,
cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic
acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric
acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid,
3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid,
methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethanedisulfonic
acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid,
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid,
4-methylbicyclo-[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic
acid, 4,4'-methylenebis-(3-hydroxy-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid),
3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic
acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid,
hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, muconic acid,
and the like. Acceptable inorganic bases include, but are not
limited to, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and the like, or 2)
when an acidic proton present in the parent compound either is
replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline
earth ion, or an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base.
Acceptable organic bases include, but are not limited to,
ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine,
N-methylglucamine, and the like. Acceptable inorganic bases
include, but are not limited to, aluminum hydroxide, calcium
hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide,
and the like. A salt can of the present invention is isolated as a
salt or converted to the free acid by reducing the pH to below the
pKa through addition of acid or treatment with an acidic ion
exchange resin.
[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.
Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those
described herein can be used to practice the invention, suitable
methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent
applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein
including GenBank and NCBI submissions with accession numbers are
incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict,
the present specification, including definitions, will control. In
addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative
only and not intended to be limiting.
[0049] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are
set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below.
Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be
apparent from the description and the drawings, and from the
claims. The word "comprising" in the claims may be replaced by
"consisting essentially of" or with "consisting of" according to
standard practice in patent law.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0050] FIG. 1 is a schematic of exemplary biochemical pathways
leading to pimeloyl-CoA from 2-oxo-glutarate or acetyl-CoA, via a
hept-2-enedioyl-CoA methyl ester.
[0051] FIG. 2 is a schematic of an exemplary biochemical pathway
leading to pimeloyl-CoA from 2-oxo-glutarate via a
hept-2-enedioyl-CoA methyl ester.
[0052] FIG. 3 is a schematic of exemplary biochemical pathways
leading to pimeloyl-CoA from succinyl-CoA or 2-oxo-glutarate via a
hept-2-enedioyl-CoA methyl ester.
[0053] FIG. 4 is schematic of exemplary biochemical pathways
leading to pimelic acid using pimeloyl-CoA as a central
precursor.
[0054] FIG. 5 is a schematic of exemplary biochemical pathways
leading to 7-aminoheptanoate using pimeloyl-CoA or pimelate as a
central precursor.
[0055] FIG. 6 is a schematic of exemplary biochemical pathways
leading to heptamethylenediamine using 7-aminoheptanoate,
7-hydroxyheptanoate, or pimelate semialdehyde as a central
precursor.
[0056] FIG. 7 is a schematic of exemplary biochemical pathways
leading to 7-hydroxyheptanoate using pimelate, pimeloyl-CoA or
pimelate semialdehyde as a central precursor.
[0057] FIG. 8 is a schematic of an exemplary biochemical pathway
leading to 1,7-heptanediol using 7-hydroxyheptanoate as a central
precursor.
[0058] FIG. 9 contains the amino acid sequences of a Mycobacterium
marinum fatty acid O-methyltransferase (GenBank Accession No.
ACC41782.1; SEQ ID NO: 1), a Mycobacterium smegmatis str. MC2 fatty
acid O-methyltransferase (GenBank Accession No. ABK73223.1; SEQ ID
NO: 2), a Pseudomonas putida fatty acid O-methyltransferase
(GenBank Accession No. CAA39234.1; SEQ ID NO: 3), a Lactobacillus
brevis acyl-[acp]thioesterase (GenBank Accession No. ABJ63754.1,
SEQ ID NO: 4), a Lactobacillus plantarum acyl-[acp]thioesterase
(GenBank Accession No. CCC78182.1, SEQ ID NO: 5), an Escherichia
coli pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase (see GenBank Accession No.
AAC76437.1, SEQ ID NO: 6), a Mycobacterium marinum carboxylate
reductase (See Genbank Accession No. ACC40567.1, SEQ ID NO: 7), a
Mycobacterium smegmatis carboxylate reductase (See Genbank
Accession No. ABK71854.1, SEQ ID NO: 8), a Segniliparus rugosus
carboxylate reductase (See Genbank Accession No. EFV11917.1, SEQ ID
NO: 9), a Mycobacterium smegmatis carboxylate reductase (See
Genbank Accession No. ABK75684.1, SEQ ID NO: 10), a Mycobacterium
massiliense carboxylate reductase (See Genbank Accession No.
EIV11143.1, SEQ ID NO: 11), a Segniliparus rotundus carboxylate
reductase (See Genbank Accession No. ADG98140.1, SEQ ID NO: 12), a
Chromobacterium violaceum .omega.-transaminase (See Genbank
Accession No. AAQ59697.1, SEQ ID NO: 13), a Pseudomonas aeruginosa
.omega.-transaminase (See Genbank Accession No. AAG08191.1, SEQ ID
NO: 14), a Pseudomonas syringae .omega.-transaminase (See Genbank
Accession No. AAY39893.1, SEQ ID NO: 15), a Rhodobacter sphaeroides
.omega.-transaminase (see Genbank Accession No. ABA81135.1, SEQ ID
NO: 16), an Escherichia coli .omega.-transaminase (see Genbank
Accession No. AAA57874.1, SEQ ID NO: 17), a Vibrio fluvialis
.omega.-transaminase (see Genbank Accession No. AEA39183.1, SEQ ID
NO: 18), a Bacillus subtilis phosphopantetheinyl transferase (see
Genbank Accession No. CAA44858.1, SEQ ID NO: 19), a Nocardia sp.
NRRL 5646 phosphopantetheinyl transferase (see Genbank Accession
No. ABI83656.1, SEQ ID NO: 20), an Escherichia coli thioesterase
encoded by tesB (See GenBank Accession No. AAA24665.1, SEQ ID NO:
21), an Escherichia coli long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (Genbank
Accession No. CAA50321.1, SEQ ID NO: 22), a Cupriavidus necator
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (Genbank Accession No. CAJ95550.1,
SEQ ID NO: 23), an Acidaminococcus fermentans glutaconate
CoA-transferase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession No. CAA57199.1 (GctA)
and CAA57200.1 (GctB), SEQ ID NOs: 24 and 25, respectively), a
Treponema denticola enoyl-CoA reductase (see, e.g., Genbank
Accession No. AAS11092.1, SEQ ID NO: 26), an Euglena gracilis
enoyl-CoA reductase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession No. AAW66853.1,
SEQ ID NO: 27), a Pseudomonas reinekei MT1 .beta.-ketothiolase
(see, e.g., Genbank Accession No. ACZ63623.1, SEQ ID NO: 28), a
Pseudomonas putida .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank
Accession No. AAA85138.1, SEQ ID NO: 29), a Burkholderia xenovorans
.beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession No. ABE33819.1,
SEQ ID NO: 30), an Arthrobacter sp. .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g.,
Genbank Accession No. ABK03524.1, SEQ ID NO: 31), a Burkholderia
xenovorans .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession No.
ABE36495.1, SEQ ID NO: 32), a Geobacillus kaustophilus
.beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession No. BAD75605.1,
SEQ ID NO: 33), a Gordonia bronchialis .beta.-ketothiolase (see,
e.g., Genbank Accession ACY20886.1, SEQ ID NO: 34), a Citrobacter
freundii .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession
KFB98168.1, SEQ ID NO: 35), a Burkholderia sp. .beta.-ketothiolase
(see, e.g., Genbank Accession ADG18081.1, SEQ ID NO: 36), a
Beijerinckia indica .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank
Accession ACB95386.1, SEQ ID NO: 37), an Arthrobacter arilaitensis
.beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession CBT74677.1, SEQ
ID NO: 38), a Cupriavidus necator .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g.,
Genbank Accession AAC38322.1, SEQ ID NO: 39), and an Escherichia
coli .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession AAC74479.1,
SEQ ID NO: 40).
[0059] FIG. 10 is a bar graph of the relative absorbance at 412 nm
after 20 minutes of released CoA as a measure of the activity of a
thioesterase for converting pimeloyl-CoA to pimelate relative to
the empty vector control.
[0060] FIG. 11 is a bar graph summarizing the change in absorbance
at 340 nm after 20 minutes, which is a measure of the consumption
of NADPH and activity of carboxylate reductases relative to the
enzyme only controls (no substrate).
[0061] FIG. 12 is a bar graph of the change in absorbance at 340 nm
after 20 minutes, which is a measure of the consumption of NADPH
and the activity of carboxylate reductases for converting pimelate
to pimelate semialdehyde relative to the empty vector control.
[0062] FIG. 13 is a bar graph of the change in absorbance at 340 nm
after 20 minutes, which is a measure of the consumption of NADPH
and the activity of carboxylate reductases for converting
7-hydroxyheptanoate to 7-hydroxyheptanal relative to the empty
vector control.
[0063] FIG. 14 is a bar graph of the change in absorbance at 340 nm
after 20 minutes, which is a measure of the consumption of NADPH
and the activity of carboxylate reductases for converting
N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanoate to N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanal relative
to the empty vector control.
[0064] FIG. 15 is a bar graph of the change in absorbance at 340 nm
after 20 minutes, which is a measure of the consumption of NADPH
and activity of carboxylate reductases for converting pimelate
semialdehyde to heptanedial relative to the empty vector
control.
[0065] FIG. 16 is a bar graph summarizing the percent conversion
after 4 hours of pyruvate to L-alanine (mol/mol) as a measure of
the .omega.-transaminase activity of the enzyme only controls (no
substrate).
[0066] FIG. 17 is a bar graph of the percent conversion after 4
hours of pyruvate to L-alanine (mol/mol) as a measure of the
.omega.-transaminase activity for converting 7-aminoheptanoate to
pimelate semialdehyde relative to the empty vector control.
[0067] FIG. 18 is a bar graph of the percent conversion after 4
hours of L-alanine to pyruvate (mol/mol) as a measure of the
.omega.-transaminase activity for converting pimelate semialdehyde
to 7-aminoheptanoate relative to the empty vector control.
[0068] FIG. 19 is a bar graph of the percent conversion after 4
hours of pyruvate to L-alanine (mol/mol) as a measure of the
.omega.-transaminase activity for converting heptamethylenediamine
to 7-aminoheptanal relative to the empty vector control.
[0069] FIG. 20 is a bar graph of the percent conversion after 4
hours of pyruvate to L-alanine (mol/mol) as a measure of the
.omega.-transaminase activity for converting
N7-acetyl-1,7-diaminoheptane to N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanal relative
to the empty vector control.
[0070] FIG. 21 is a bar graph of the percent conversion after 4
hours of pyruvate to L-alanine (mol/mol) as a measure of the
.omega.-transaminase activity for converting 7-aminoheptanol to
7-oxoheptanol relative to the empty vector control.
[0071] FIG. 22 is a table of the conversion after 1 hour of
pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester to pimeloyl-CoA by a pimeloyl-[acp]methyl
ester methylesterase.
[0072] FIG. 23 is a table of the conversion after three hours of
glutaryl-CoA and acetyl-CoA to 3-keotpimeloyl-CoA by a
.beta.-ketothiolase.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0073] This document provides enzymes, non-natural pathways,
cultivation strategies, feedstocks, host microorganisms and
attenuations to the host's biochemical network, which generates a
seven carbon chain aliphatic backbone from central metabolites in
which one or two terminal functional groups may be formed leading
to the synthesis of pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid,
heptamethylenediamine, 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid, or 1,7-heptanediol
(referred to as "C7 building blocks" herein). As used herein, the
term "central precursor" is used to denote any metabolite in any
metabolic pathway shown herein leading to the synthesis of a C7
building block. The term "central metabolite" is used herein to
denote a metabolite that is produced in all microorganisms to
support growth.
[0074] Host microorganisms described herein can include endogenous
pathways that can be manipulated such that one or more C7 building
blocks can be produced. In an endogenous pathway, the host
microorganism naturally expresses all of the enzymes catalyzing the
reactions within the pathway. A host microorganism containing an
engineered pathway does not naturally express all of the enzymes
catalyzing the reactions within the pathway but has been engineered
such that all of the enzymes within the pathway are expressed in
the host.
[0075] The term "exogenous" as used herein with reference to a
nucleic acid (or a protein) and a host refers to a nucleic acid
that does not occur in (and cannot be obtained from) a cell of that
particular type as it is found in nature or a protein encoded by
such a nucleic acid. Thus, a non-naturally-occurring nucleic acid
is considered to be exogenous to a host once in the host. It is
important to note that non-naturally-occurring nucleic acids can
contain nucleic acid subsequences or fragments of nucleic acid
sequences that are found in nature provided the nucleic acid as a
whole does not exist in nature. For example, a nucleic acid
molecule containing a genomic DNA sequence within an expression
vector is non-naturally-occurring nucleic acid, and thus is
exogenous to a host cell once introduced into the host, since that
nucleic acid molecule as a whole (genomic DNA plus vector DNA) does
not exist in nature. Thus, any vector, autonomously replicating
plasmid, or virus (e.g., retrovirus, adenovirus, or herpes virus)
that as a whole does not exist in nature is considered to be
non-naturally-occurring nucleic acid. It follows that genomic DNA
fragments produced by PCR or restriction endonuclease treatment as
well as cDNAs are considered to be non-naturally-occurring nucleic
acid since they exist as separate molecules not found in nature. It
also follows that any nucleic acid containing a promoter sequence
and polypeptide-encoding sequence (e.g., cDNA or genomic DNA) in an
arrangement not found in nature is non-naturally-occurring nucleic
acid. A nucleic acid that is naturally-occurring can be exogenous
to a particular host microorganism. For example, an entire
chromosome isolated from a cell of yeast x is an exogenous nucleic
acid with respect to a cell of yeast y once that chromosome is
introduced into a cell of yeast y.
[0076] In contrast, the term "endogenous" as used herein with
reference to a nucleic acid (e.g., a gene) (or a protein) and a
host refers to a nucleic acid (or protein) that does occur in (and
can be obtained from) that particular host as it is found in
nature. Moreover, a cell "endogenously expressing" a nucleic acid
(or protein) expresses that nucleic acid (or protein) as does a
host of the same particular type as it is found in nature.
Moreover, a host "endogenously producing" or that "endogenously
produces" a nucleic acid, protein, or other compound produces that
nucleic acid, protein, or compound as does a host of the same
particular type as it is found in nature.
[0077] For example, depending on the host and the compounds
produced by the host, a recombinant host can express an exogenous
polypeptide having fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity.
[0078] For example, depending on the host and the compounds
produced by the host, one or more of the following polypeptides may
be expressed in the host in addition to a polypeptide having (i)
fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity, (ii) thioesterase activity
or a CoA-transferase activity, and (iii) CoA ligase activity: a
pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase, a (homo).sub.ncitrate synthase,
a (homo).sub.ncitrate dehydratase, a (homo)aconitate hydratase, an
iso(homo).sub.ncitrate dehydrogenase, an decarboxylase such as an
indolepyruvate decarboxylase, a .beta.-ketothiolase, an
acetyl-carboxylase, an acetoacetyl-CoA synthase, a
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enoyl-CoA hydratase, a
glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enoyl-CoA reductase, a
trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase, a glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase, a
.beta.-ketoacyl-[acp]synthase, a 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
dehydrogenase, a 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, a
2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase, a glutarate semialdehyde
dehydrogenase, a 4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanedioate aldolase, a
2-oxo-hept-3-ene-1,7-dioate hydratase, a 2-enoate reductase, a
2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, a 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA
dehydratase, a thioesterase, an aldehyde dehydrogenase, a
6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase, a 7-oxoheptanoate dehydrogenase, a
reversible CoA-ligase (e.g., a reversible succinyl-CoA-ligase), a
CoA-transferase (e.g., a glutaconate CoA-transferase), an
acetylating aldehyde dehydrogenase, a carboxylate reductase,
4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, a 5-hydroxypentanoate
dehydrogenase, a 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, a
.omega.-transaminase, a N-acetyl transferase, an alcohol
dehydrogenase, or a deacetylase. In recombinant hosts expressing a
carboxylate reductase, a phosphopantetheinyl transferase also can
be expressed as it enhances activity of the carboxylate
reductase.
[0079] For example, a recombinant host can include at least one
exogenous nucleic acid encoding a (i) fatty acid
O-methyltransferase, (ii) a thioesterase or CoA-transferase, and/or
(iii) a CoA ligase. In some embodiments, a recombinant host
includes an exogenous nucleic acid encoding a (i) fatty acid
O-methyltransferase and a (ii) thioesterase or CoA-transferase,
wherein the host produces 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester. In some
embodiments, a recombinant host includes an exogenous nucleic acid
encoding a fatty acid O-methyltransferase and a CoA ligase, wherein
the host produces hept-2-enedioyl CoA methyl ester. In some
embodiments, the recombinant host includes an exogenous nucleic
acid encoding (i) a fatty acid O-methyltransferase, (ii) a
thioesterase, and (iii) a CoA ligase, and produces hept-2-enedioyl
CoA methyl ester. Such a host further can include an exogenous
trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase and an exogenous pimeloyl-[acp]methyl
ester methylesterase, and further produce pimeloyl-CoA.
[0080] In some embodiments, the host can include one or more of the
following exogenous enzymes used to produce glutaryl-CoA from
2-oxo-glutarate: (a) a homocitrate synthase, (b) a homocitrate
dehydratase, (c) a homoaconitate hydratase, an (d) isohomocitrate
dehydrogenase, (e) a decarboxylase such as indolepyruvate
decarboxylase, (f) a glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, and (g)
a glutarate:CoA ligase or CoA-transferase.
[0081] In some embodiments, the host can include one or more of the
following exogenous enzymes used to produce glutaryl CoA from
acetyl CoA: (a) a .beta.-ketothiolase or an acetyl-carboxylase in
combination with an acetoacetyl-CoA synthase, (b) a
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, (c) an enoyl-CoA hydratase, and
either (d) a glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase in combination with an
enoyl-CoA reductase or (e) a glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase.
[0082] In some embodiments, the host can include one or more of the
following exogenous enzymes used to produce 2-heptenedioyl-CoA from
glutaryl CoA: a .beta.-ketoacyl-[acp]synthase or
.beta.-ketothiolase, a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and an
enoyl-CoA hydratase.
[0083] In some embodiments, the host can include one or more of the
following exogenous enzymes used to convert 2-oxo-glutarate to
hept-2-enedioyl-CoA via 2-oxo-pimelate as shown in FIG. 2: a
homocitrate synthase, a homocitrate dehydratase, a homoaconitate
hydratase, an isohomocitrate dehydrogenase, a 2-hydroxyglutarate
dehydrogenase, a glutaconate CoA-transferase, and a
2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase.
[0084] In some embodiments, the host can include one or more of the
following exogenous enzymes used to convert succinate semialdehyde
to hept-2-enedioyl-CoA via 2-oxo-pimelate as shown in FIG. 3: a
glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, a
4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanedioate aldolase, a
2-oxo-hept-3-ene-1,7-dioate hydratase, a 2-enoate reductase, a
2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, a glutaconate CoA-transferase,
and a 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase.
[0085] Such recombinant hosts further can include at least one
exogenous nucleic acid encoding one or more of a thioesterase, an
aldehyde dehydrogenase, a 7-oxoheptanoate dehydrogenase, a
6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase, a 5-oxopentanoate dehydrogenase, a
CoA-transferase, a reversible CoA-ligase, an acetylating aldehyde
dehydrogenase, or a carboxylate reductase and produce pimelic acid
or pimelate semialdehyde. For example, a recombinant host producing
pimeloyl-CoA further can include a thioesterase, a reversible
Co-ligase (e.g., a reversible succinyl-CoA ligase), or a CoA
transferase (e.g., a glutaconate CoA-transferase) and produce
pimelic acid. For example, a recombinant host producing
pimeloyl-CoA further can include an acetylating aldehyde
dehydrogenase and produce pimelate semialdehyde. For example, a
recombinant host producing pimelate further can include a
carboxylate reductase and produce pimelate semialdehyde.
[0086] A recombinant hosts producing pimelic acid or pimelate
semialdehyde further can include at least one exogenous nucleic
acid encoding a .omega.-transaminase and produce 7-aminoheptanoate.
In some embodiments, a recombinant host producing pimelate includes
a carboxylate reductase and a .omega.-transaminase to produce
7-aminoheptanoate.
[0087] A recombinant host producing pimelate or pimelate
semialdehyde further can include at least one exogenous nucleic
acid encoding a 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, a
5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase or a 4-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase, and produce 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid. In some
embodiments, a recombinant host producing pimeloyl-CoA includes an
acetylating aldehyde dehydrogenase, and a 6-hydroxyhexanoate
dehydrogenase, a 5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase or a
4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase to produce 7-hydroxyheptanoate. In
some embodiments, a recombinant host producing pimelate includes a
carboxylate reductase and a 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, a
5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase or a 4-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase to produce 7-hydroxyheptanoate.
[0088] A recombinant hosts producing 7-aminoheptanoate,
7-hydroxyheptanoate or pimelate semialdehyde further can include at
least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a .omega.-transaminase, a
deacetylase, a N-acetyl transferase, or an alcohol dehydrogenase,
and produce heptamethylenediamine. For example, a recombinant host
producing 7-hydroxyheptanoate can include a carboxylate reductase
with a phosphopantetheine transferase enhancer, a
.omega.-transaminase and an alcohol dehydrogenase.
[0089] A recombinant host producing 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid further
can include one or more of a carboxylate reductase with a
phosphopantetheine transferase enhancer and an alcohol
dehydrogenase, and produce 1,7-heptanediol.
[0090] Within an engineered pathway, the enzymes can be from a
single source, i.e., from one species or genus, or can be from
multiple sources, i.e., different species or genera. Nucleic acids
encoding the enzymes described herein have been identified from
various organisms and are readily available in publicly available
databases such as GenBank or EMBL.
[0091] Any of the enzymes described herein that can be used for
production of one or more C7 building blocks can have at least 70%
sequence identity (homology) (e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%,
91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino
acid sequence of the corresponding wild-type enzyme. It will be
appreciated that the sequence identity can be determined on the
basis of the mature enzyme (e.g., with any signal sequence removed)
or on the basis of the immature enzyme (e.g., with any signal
sequence included). It also will be appreciated that the initial
methionine residue may or may not be present on any of the enzyme
sequences described herein.
[0092] For example, a polypeptide having fatty acid
O-methyltransferase activity described herein can have at least 70%
sequence identity (homology) (e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%,
91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino
acid sequence of a Mycobacterium marinum (see GenBank Accession No.
ACC41782.1, SEQ ID NO: 1), a Mycobacterium smegmatis (see GenBank
Accession No. ABK73223.1, SEQ ID NO: 2), or a Pseudomonas putida
(see GenBank Accession No. CAA39234.1, SEQ ID NO: 3)
methyltransferase. See, FIG. 9.
[0093] For example, a polypeptide having thioesterase activity
described herein can have at least 70% sequence identity (homology)
(e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%,
97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino acid sequence of a
Lactobacillus brevis (GenBank Accession No. ABJ63754.1, SEQ ID NO:
4) or a Lactobacillus plantarum (GenBank Accession No. CCC78182.1,
SEQ ID NO: 5) acyl-[acp]thioesterase. See, FIG. 9.
[0094] For example, a polypeptide having pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester
esterase activity described herein can have at least 70% sequence
identity (homology) (e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%,
93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino acid
sequence of an Escherichia coli pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase
(see GenBank Accession No. AAC76437.1, SEQ ID NO: 6). See, FIG.
9.
[0095] For example, a polypeptide having carboxylate reductase
activity described herein can have at least 70% sequence identity
(homology) (e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%,
95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino acid sequence of a
Mycobacterium marinum (see Genbank Accession No. ACC40567.1, SEQ ID
NO: 7), a Mycobacterium smegmatis (see Genbank Accession No.
ABK71854.1, SEQ ID NO: 8), a Segniliparus rugosus (see Genbank
Accession No. EFV11917.1, SEQ ID NO: 9), a Mycobacterium smegmatis
(see Genbank Accession No. ABK75684.1, SEQ ID NO: 10), a
Mycobacterium massiliense (see Genbank Accession No. EIV11143.1,
SEQ ID NO: 11), or a Segniliparus rotundus (see Genbank Accession
No. ADG98140.1, SEQ ID NO: 12) carboxylate reductase. See, FIG.
9.
[0096] For example, a polypeptide having .omega.-transaminase
activity described herein can have at least 70% sequence identity
(homology) (e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%,
95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino acid sequence of a
Chromobacterium violaceum (see Genbank Accession No. AAQ59697.1,
SEQ ID NO: 13), a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (see Genbank Accession No.
AAG08191.1, SEQ ID NO: 14), a Pseudomonas syringae (see Genbank
Accession No. AAY39893.1, SEQ ID NO: 15), a Rhodobacter sphaeroides
(see Genbank Accession No. ABA81135.1, SEQ ID NO: 16), an
Escherichia coli (see Genbank Accession No. AAA57874.1, SEQ ID NO:
17), or a Vibrio fluvialis (see Genbank Accession No. AEA39183.1,
SEQ ID NO: 18) .omega.-transaminase. Some of these
.omega.-transaminases are diamine .omega.-transaminases.
[0097] For example, a polypeptide having phosphopantetheinyl
transferase activity described herein can have at least 70%
sequence identity (homology) (e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%,
91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino
acid sequence of a Bacillus subtilis phosphopantetheinyl
transferase (see Genbank Accession No. CAA44858.1, SEQ ID NO: 19)
or a Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646 phosphopantetheinyl transferase (see
Genbank Accession No. ABI83656.1, SEQ ID NO: 20). See, FIG. 9.
[0098] For example, a polypeptide having thioesterase activity
described herein can have at least 70% sequence identity (homology)
(e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%,
97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino acid sequence of an
Escherichia coli thioesterase encoded by tesB (see GenBank
Accession No. AAA24665.1, SEQ ID NO: 21). See, FIG. 9.
[0099] For example, a polypeptide having long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA
ligase activity described herein can have at least 70% sequence
identity (homology) (e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%,
93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino acid
sequence of an Escherichia coli long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase
(see Genbank Accession No. CAA50321.1, SEQ ID NO: 22), or a
Cupriavidus necator long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (see Genbank
Accession No. CAJ95550.1, SEQ ID NO: 23).
[0100] For example, a polypeptide having glutaconate
CoA-transferase activity described herein can have at least 70%
sequence identity (homology) (e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%,
91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino
acid sequence of an Acidaminococcus fermentans glutaconate
CoA-transferase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession No. CAA57199.1 (GctA)
and CAA57200.1 (GctB), SEQ ID NOs: 24 and 25, respectively).
[0101] For example, a polypeptide having enoyl-CoA reductase
activity described herein can have at least 70% sequence identity
(homology) (e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%,
95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino acid sequence of a
Treponema denticola enoyl-CoA reductase (see, e.g., Genbank
Accession No. AAS11092.1, SEQ ID NO: 26) or to the amino acid
sequence of an Euglena gracilis enoyl-CoA reductase (see, e.g.,
Genbank Accession No. AAW66853.1, SEQ ID NO: 27).
[0102] For example, a polypeptide having enoyl-CoA reductase
activity described herein can have at least 70% sequence identity
(homology) (e.g., at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%,
95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) to the amino acid sequence of a
Pseudomonas reinekei MT1 .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank
Accession No. ACZ63623.1, SEQ ID NO: 28), a Pseudomonas putida
.beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession No. AAA85138.1,
SEQ ID NO: 29), a Burkholderia xenovorans .beta.-ketothiolase (see,
e.g., Genbank Accession No. ABE33819.1, SEQ ID NO: 30), an
Arthrobacter sp. .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession
No. ABK03524.1, SEQ ID NO: 31), a Burkholderia xenovorans
.beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession No. ABE36495.1,
SEQ ID NO: 32), a Geobacillus kaustophilus .beta.-ketothiolase
(see, e.g., Genbank Accession No. BAD75605.1, SEQ ID NO: 33), a
Gordonia bronchialis .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank
Accession ACY20886.1, SEQ ID NO: 34), a Citrobacter freundii
.beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession KFB98168.1, SEQ
ID NO: 35), a Burkholderia sp. .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g.,
Genbank Accession ADG18081.1, SEQ ID NO: 36), a Beijerinckia indica
.beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession ACB95386.1, SEQ
ID NO: 37), an Arthrobacter arilaitensis .beta.-ketothiolase (see,
e.g., Genbank Accession CBT74677.1, SEQ ID NO: 38), a Cupriavidus
necator .beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession
AAC38322.1, SEQ ID NO: 39), and an Escherichia coli
.beta.-ketothiolase (see, e.g., Genbank Accession AAC74479.1, SEQ
ID NO: 40).
[0103] The percent identity (homology) between two amino acid
sequences can be determined as follows. First, the amino acid
sequences are aligned using the BLAST 2 Sequences (Bl2seq) program
from the stand-alone version of BLASTZ containing BLASTP version
2.0.14. This stand-alone version of BLASTZ can be obtained from
Fish & Richardson's web site (e.g., www.fr.com/blast/) or the
U.S. government's National Center for Biotechnology Information web
site (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Instructions explaining how to use the
Bl2seq program can be found in the readme file accompanying BLASTZ.
Bl2seq performs a comparison between two amino acid sequences using
the BLASTP algorithm. To compare two amino acid sequences, the
options of Bl2seq are set as follows: -i is set to a file
containing the first amino acid sequence to be compared (e.g.,
C:\seq1.txt); -j is set to a file containing the second amino acid
sequence to be compared (e.g., C:\seq2.txt); -p is set to blastp;
-o is set to any desired file name (e.g., C:\output.txt); and all
other options are left at their default setting. For example, the
following command can be used to generate an output file containing
a comparison between two amino acid sequences: C:\Bl2seq -i
c:\seq1.txt -j c:\seq2.txt -p blastp -o c:\output.txt. If the two
compared sequences share homology (identity), then the designated
output file will present those regions of homology as aligned
sequences. If the two compared sequences do not share homology
(identity), then the designated output file will not present
aligned sequences. Similar procedures can be following for nucleic
acid sequences except that blastn is used.
[0104] Once aligned, the number of matches is determined by
counting the number of positions where an identical amino acid
residue is presented in both sequences. The percent identity
(homology) is determined by dividing the number of matches by the
length of the full-length polypeptide amino acid sequence followed
by multiplying the resulting value by 100. It is noted that the
percent identity (homology) value is rounded to the nearest tenth.
For example, 78.11, 78.12, 78.13, and 78.14 is rounded down to
78.1, while 78.15, 78.16, 78.17, 78.18, and 78.19 is rounded up to
78.2. It also is noted that the length value will always be an
integer.
[0105] It will be appreciated that a number of nucleic acids can
encode a polypeptide having a particular amino acid sequence. The
degeneracy of the genetic code is well known to the art; i.e., for
many amino acids, there is more than one nucleotide triplet that
serves as the codon for the amino acid. For example, codons in the
coding sequence for a given enzyme can be modified such that
optimal expression in a particular species (e.g., bacteria or
fungus) is obtained, using appropriate codon bias tables for that
species.
[0106] Functional fragments of any of the enzymes described herein
can also be used in the methods of the document. The term
"functional fragment" as used herein refers to a peptide fragment
of a protein that has at least 25% (e.g., at least: 30%; 40%; 50%;
60%; 70%; 75%; 80%; 85%; 90%; 91%; 92%; 93%; 94%; 95%; 96%; 97%;
98%; 99%; 100%; or even greater than 100%) of the activity of the
corresponding mature, full-length, wild-type protein. The
functional fragment can generally, but not always, be comprised of
a continuous region of the protein, wherein the region has
functional activity. Functional fragments are shorter than
corresponding mature proteins but are generally at least 25 (e.g.,
at least: 30; 40; 50; 60; 70; 80, 90; 100; 120; 150; 200; 250; 300;
450; 500; 800; or more) amino acids long.
[0107] This document also provides (i) functional variants of the
enzymes used in the methods of the document and (ii) functional
variants of the functional fragments described above. Functional
variants of the enzymes and functional fragments can contain
additions, deletions, or substitutions relative to the
corresponding wild-type sequences. Enzymes with substitutions will
generally have not more than 50 (e.g., not more than one, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, 12, 15, 20, 25,
30, 35, 40, or 50) amino acid substitutions (e.g., conservative
substitutions). This applies to any of the enzymes described herein
and functional fragments. A conservative substitution is a
substitution of one amino acid for another with similar
characteristics. Conservative substitutions include substitutions
within the following groups: valine, alanine and glycine; leucine,
valine, and isoleucine; aspartic acid and glutamic acid; asparagine
and glutamine; serine, cysteine, and threonine; lysine and
arginine; and phenylalanine and tyrosine. The nonpolar hydrophobic
amino acids include alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline,
phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine. The polar neutral amino
acids include glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine,
asparagine and glutamine. The positively charged (basic) amino
acids include arginine, lysine and histidine. The negatively
charged (acidic) amino acids include aspartic acid and glutamic
acid. Any substitution of one member of the above-mentioned polar,
basic or acidic groups by another member of the same group can be
deemed a conservative substitution. By contrast, a nonconservative
substitution is a substitution of one amino acid for another with
dissimilar characteristics.
[0108] Deletion variants can lack one, two, three, four, five, six,
seven, eight, nine, ten, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20
amino acid segments (of two or more amino acids) or non-contiguous
single amino acids. Additions (addition variants) include fusion
proteins containing: (a) any of the enzymes described herein or a
fragment thereof; and (b) internal or terminal (C or N) irrelevant
or heterologous amino acid sequences. In the context of such fusion
proteins, the term "heterologous amino acid sequences" refers to an
amino acid sequence other than (a). A heterologous sequence can be,
for example a sequence used for purification of the recombinant
protein (e.g., FLAG, polyhistidine (e.g., hexahistidine),
hemagglutinin (HA), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), or maltose
binding protein (MBP)). Heterologous sequences also can be proteins
useful as detectable markers, for example, luciferase, green
fluorescent protein (GFP), or chloramphenicol acetyl transferase
(CAT). In some embodiments, the fusion protein contains a signal
sequence from another protein. In certain host cells (e.g., yeast
host cells), expression and/or secretion of the target protein can
be increased through use of a heterologous signal sequence. In some
embodiments, the fusion protein can contain a carrier (e.g., KLH)
useful, e.g., in eliciting an immune response for antibody
generation) or ER or Golgi apparatus retention signals.
Heterologous sequences can be of varying length and in some cases
can be a longer sequences than the full-length target proteins to
which the heterologous sequences are attached.
[0109] Engineered hosts can naturally express none or some (e.g.,
one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or
more, or six or more) of the enzymes of the pathways described
herein. Thus, a pathway within an engineered host can include all
exogenous enzymes, or can include both endogenous and exogenous
enzymes. Endogenous genes of the engineered hosts also can be
disrupted to prevent the formation of undesirable metabolites or
prevent the loss of intermediates in the pathway through other
enzymes acting on such intermediates. Engineered hosts can be
referred to as recombinant hosts or recombinant host cells. As
described herein recombinant hosts can include nucleic acids
encoding one or more of a methyltransferase, an esterase, a
synthase, a dehydratase, a hydratase, a dehydrogenase, a
thioesterase, a reversible CoA-ligase, a CoA-transferase, a
reductase, deacetylase, N-acetyl transferase or a
.omega.-transaminase as described in more detail below.
[0110] In addition, the production of one or more C7 building
blocks can be performed in vitro using the isolated enzymes
described herein, using a lysate (e.g., a cell lysate) from a host
microorganism as a source of the enzymes, or using a plurality of
lysates from different host microorganisms as the source of the
enzymes.
Biosynthetic Methods
[0111] The present document provides methods of shielding a carbon
chain aliphatic backbone, functionalized with terminal carboxyl
groups, in a recombinant host. The method can include enzymatically
converting a n-carboxy-2-enoic acid to a n-carboxy-2-enoate methyl
ester in the host using a polypeptide having the activity of a
fatty acid O-methyltransferase, wherein n+1 reflects length of the
carbon chain aliphatic backbone. For example, the n-carboxy-2-enoic
acid can be four to 18, four to 16, four to 14, four to 12, four to
10, five to 10, five to nine, or five to eight carbons in length
such as 2(E)-heptenedioic acid, and can be enzymatically converted
to the corresponding methyl ester, e.g., 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl
ester, The polypeptide having fatty acid O-methyltransferase
activity can be classified under EC 2.1.1.15. In some embodiments,
the polypeptide having fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity has
at least 70% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence set forth
in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, or SEQ ID NO: 3.
[0112] In some embodiments, the method further includes
enzymatically converting 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester to
pimeloyl-CoA. For example, the method further can include
enzymatically converting pimeloyl-CoA to a product selected from
the group consisting of pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate,
7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine, and 1,7-heptanediol,
for example, using one or more polypeptides having thioesterase,
reversible CoA-ligase, glutaconate CoA-transferase,
.omega.-transaminase, 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase,
5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,
alcohol dehydrogenase, carboxylate reductase or alcohol
dehydrogenase activity.
[0113] The present document further provides methods of producing
2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester in a recombinant host. The
method can include enzymatically converting 2(E)-heptenedioate to
2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester in the recombinant host using a
polypeptide having fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity. The
polypeptide having fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity can be
classified under EC 2.1.1.15. In some embodiments, the polypeptide
having fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity has at least 70%
sequence identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:
1, SEQ ID NO: 2, or SEQ ID NO: 3. The method further can include
enzymatically converting 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester to
pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester.
[0114] In some embodiments, 2(E)-heptenedioate is enzymatically
produced from 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA. For example, a polypeptide
having thioesterase or CoA-transferase activity can enzymatically
convert 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA to 2(E)-heptenedioate. In some
embodiments, the polypeptide having thioesterase activity has at
least 70% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in
SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 5. In some embodiments, the polypeptide
having CoA-transferase activity has at least 70% sequence identity
to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 or SEQ ID NO:
25.
[0115] In some embodiments, 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester is
enzymatically converted to 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester using
a polypeptide having CoA ligase activity classified under EC
6.2.1.-, e.g., EC 6.2.1.2 or EC 6.2.1.3.
[0116] In some embodiments, the method further includes
enzymatically converting 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester to
pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester. In some embodiments, a polypeptide
having trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase activity enzymatically converts
2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester to pimeloyl-CoA methyl
ester.
[0117] In some embodiments, the method further includes
enzymatically converting pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester to pimeloyl-CoA.
In some embodiments, a polypeptide having pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester
esterase activity enzymatically converts pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester
to pimeloyl-CoA. In some embodiments, the polypeptide having
pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase activity has at least 70%
sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID
NO: 6.
[0118] In some embodiments, the method further includes
enzymatically converting pimeloyl-CoA to a product selected from
the group consisting of pimelic acid, 7-aminoheptanoate,
7-hydroxyheptanoate, heptamethylenediamine, and 1,7-heptanediol. In
some embodiments, the method comprises enzymatically converting
pimeloyl-CoA to pimelic acid using a polypeptide having
thioesterase, reversible CoA-ligase, or glutaconate CoA-transferase
activity.
[0119] In some embodiments, the method further includes
enzymatically converting pimelic acid to pimelate semialdehyde
using a polypeptide having carboxylate reductase activity. In some
embodiments, the polypeptide having carboxylate reductase activity
has at least 70% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence set
forth in SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 12.
[0120] In some embodiments, the method includes enzymatically
converting pimeloyl-CoA to pimelate semialdehyde using a
polypeptide having acetylating aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. In
some embodiments, the method further includes enzymatically
converting pimelate semialdehyde to pimelic acid using a
polypeptide having 5-oxopentanoate dehydrogenase, 6-oxohexanoate
dehydrogenase, 7-oxoheptanoate dehydrogenase, or aldehyde
dehydrogenase activity.
[0121] In some embodiments, the method further includes
enzymatically converting pimelate semialdehyde to 7-aminoheptanoate
using a polypeptide having .omega.-transaminase activity. In some
embodiments, the polypeptide having .omega.-transaminase activity
has at least 70% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence set
forth in SEQ ID NOs: 13 to 18.
[0122] In some embodiments, the method further includes
enzymatically converting pimelate semialdehyde to
heptamethylenediamine using a polypeptide having co-transaminase
activity.
[0123] In some embodiments, the method further includes
enzymatically converting pimelate semialdehyde to
7-hydroxyheptanoate using a polypeptide having 6-hydroxyhexanoate
dehydrogenase, 5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase, or alcohol dehydrogenase activity.
[0124] In some embodiments, the method further includes
enzymatically converting 7-hydroxyheptanoate to 1,7-heptanediol
using a polypeptide having carboxylate reductase or alcohol
dehydrogenase activity.
[0125] In some embodiments, one or more steps of the method are
performed by fermentation. In some embodiments, the host is
subjected to a cultivation strategy under aerobic, anaerobic,
micro-aerobic, or mixed oxygen/denitrification cultivation
conditions. In some embodiments, the host is cultured under
conditions of phosphate, oxygen, and/or nitrogen limitation. In
some embodiments, the host is retained using a ceramic membrane to
maintain a high cell density during fermentation.
[0126] In some embodiments, the principal carbon source fed to the
fermentation derives from biological or non-biological feedstocks.
In some embodiments, the biological feedstock is, or derives from,
monosaccharides, disaccharides, lignocellulose, hemicellulose,
cellulose, lignin, levulinic acid, formic acid, triglycerides,
glycerol, fatty acids, agricultural waste, condensed distillers'
solubles, or municipal waste. In some embodiments, the
non-biological feedstock is, or derives from, natural gas, syngas,
CO.sub.2/H.sub.2, methanol, ethanol, benzoate, non-volatile residue
(NVR) caustic wash waste stream from cyclohexane oxidation
processes, or terephthalic acid/isophthalic acid mixture waste
streams.
[0127] In some embodiments, the host comprises one or more
polypeptides having attenuated polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase,
acetyl-CoA thioesterase, acetyl-CoA specific fl-ketothiolase,
phosphotransacetylase forming acetate, acetate kinase, lactate
dehydrogenase, menaquinol-fumarate oxidoreductase, 2-oxoacid
decarboxylase producing isobutanol, alcohol dehydrogenase forming
ethanol, triose phosphate isomerase, pyruvate decarboxylase,
glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, transhydrogenase dissipating the
NADPH imbalance, glutamate dehydrogenase dissipating the NADPH
imbalance, NADH/NADPH-utilizing glutamate dehydrogenase,
pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase; acyl-CoA dehydrogenase accepting C7
building blocks and central precursors as substrates; glutaryl-CoA
dehydrogenase; or pimeloyl-CoA synthetase activity.
[0128] In some embodiments, the host overexpresses one or more
genes encoding a polypeptide having acetyl-CoA synthetase;
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; transketolase; puridine
nucleotide transhydrogenase; formate dehydrogenase;
glyceraldehyde-3P-dehydrogenase; malic enzyme; glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase; fructose 1,6 diphosphatase; L-alanine dehydrogenase;
PEP carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase; PEP carboxykinase; PEP
synthase; L-glutamate dehydrogenase specific to the NADPH used to
generate a co-factor imbalance; methanol dehydrogenase,
formaldehyde dehydrogenase, lysine transporter; dicarboxylate
transporter; S-adenosylmethionine synthetase; 3-phosphoglycerate
dehydrogenase; 3-phosphoserine aminotransferase; phosphoserine
phosphatase; or a multidrug transporter activity.
[0129] In some embodiments, the host is a prokaryote, e.g.,
Escherichia coli, Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridium
autoethanogenum, Clostridium kluyveri, Corynebacterium glutamicum,
Cupriavidus necator, Cupriavidus metallidurans, Pseudomonas
fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas oleavorans, Delftia
acidovorans, Bacillus subtillis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii,
Lactococcus lactis, and Rhodococcus equi.
[0130] In some embodiments, the host is a eukaryote, e.g.,
Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris,
Yarrowia lipolytica, Issathenkia orientalis, Debaryomyces hansenii,
Arxula adenoinivorans, and Kluyveromyces lactis.
Enzymes Converting 2(E)-Heptenedioyl-CoA to 2(E)-Heptenedioyl-CoA
Methyl Ester
[0131] As depicted in FIGS. 1 to 3, a 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl
ester can be formed from 2(E)-heptenedioate using a fatty acid
O-methyltransferase, such as the fatty acid O-methyltransferase
classified, for example, under EC 2.1.1.15. For example, the fatty
acid O-methyltransferase can be obtained from Mycobacterium marinum
M (GenBank Accession No. ACC41782.1. SEQ ID NO: 1); Mycobacterium
smegmatis (see GenBank Accession No. ABK73223.1, SEQ ID NO: 2), or
Pseudomonas putida (see GenBank Accession No. CAA39234.1, SEQ ID
NO: 3).
[0132] 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester can be converted to
2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl ester using, for example, a CoA ligase
classified, for example, under EC 6.2.1.-. In some embodiments, a
butyrate-CoA ligase classified under EC 6.2.1.2 or a
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase classified under EC 6.2.1.3 such
as the long chain fatty acid CoA-ligase from Escherichia coli
(Genbank Accession No. CAA50321.1, SEQ ID NO: 22) or Cupriavidus
necator (Genbank Accession No. CAJ95550.1, SEQ ID NO: 23) can be
used to convert 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester to
2(E)-heptendioyl-CoA methyl ester. See, FIGS. 1 to 3.
[0133] In some embodiments, 2(E)-heptenedioate can be formed from
2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA (also known as 2,3-dehydropimeloyl-CoA)
using, for example, a thioesterase classified under EC 3.1.2.-,
such as the acyl-[acp]thioesterase from Lactobacillus brevis
(GenBank Accession No. ABJ63754.1, SEQ ID NO: 4) or from
Lactobacillus plantarum (GenBank Accession No. CCC78182.1, SEQ ID
NO: 5). Such acyl-[acp]thioesterases have C6-C8 chain length
specificity (see, for example, Jing et al., 2011, BMC Biochemistry,
12(44)). See, e.g., FIG. 1.
[0134] In some embodiments, 2(E)-heptenedioate can be formed from
2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA using, for example, a CoA-transferase (e.g.,
a glutaconate CoA-transferase) classified, for example, under EC
2.8.3.12 such as the gene product of GctAB from Acidaminococcus
fermentans (Genbank Accession No. CAA57199.1 (GctA) &
CAA57200.1 (GctB), SEQ ID NOs: 24 and 25, respectively). See, for
example, Buckel et al., 1981, Eur. J. Biochem., 118:315-321. See,
e.g., FIGS. 2 and 3.
Enzymes Producing 2(E)-Heptenedioyl-CoA from Glutaryl-CoA
[0135] As depicted in FIG. 1, glutaryl-CoA can be formed from the
central metabolites 2-oxoglutarate or acetyl-CoA via carbon chain
elongation (i) associated with lysine biosynthesis via
.alpha.-aminoadipate or (ii) associated with cyclohexane
carboxylate biosynthesis in Synthrophus aciditrophicus.
Glutaryl-CoA can be converted to 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA using a (i)
.beta.-ketoacyl-[acp]synthase or .beta.-ketothiolase, (ii) a
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, and a (iii) an enoyl-CoA
hydratase.
[0136] For example, glutaryl-CoA can be formed via C1 carbon chain
elongation associated with lysine biosynthesis via
.alpha.-aminoadipate, which comprises using (i) a homocitrate
synthase, (ii) a homocitrate dehydratase and a homoaconitate
hydratase, (iii) an isohomocitrate dehydrogenase, (iv) an
decarboxylase such as an indolepyruvate decarboxylase, (vi) a
glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase and (v) a glutarate:CoA
ligase. See, e.g., FIG. 1.
[0137] For example, glutaryl-CoA can be formed via CoA-dependent
carbon chain elongation associated with cyclohexane carboxylate
biosynthesis in Synthrophus aciditrophicus which comprises using
(i) a .beta.-ketothiolase or an acetyl-carboxylase in combination
with an acetoacetyl-CoA synthase, (ii) a 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA
dehydrogenase, (iii) an enoyl-CoA hydratase, and either (iv) a
glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase in combination with an enoyl-CoA
reductase or a trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase or (v) a glutaconyl-CoA
decarboxylase. See, e.g., FIG. 1.
[0138] In some embodiments, a (homo).sub.ncitrate synthase can be
classified, for example, under EC 2.3.3.14 or EC 2.3.3.13, such as
the gene product of aksA from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (see
Genbank Accession No. AAB98494.1).
[0139] In some embodiments, the combination of (homo).sub.ncitrate
dehydratase and (homo).sub.naconitate hydratase can be classified,
for example, under EC 4.2.1.- (e.g., EC 4.2.1.114, EC 4.2.1.36 or
EC 4.2.1.33), such as the gene product of aksD from
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (see, Genbank Accession No.
AAB990070.1) or gene product of aksE from Methanocaldococcus
jannaschii (see, Genbank Accession No. AAB99277.1). The gene
products of aksD and aksE are subunits of an enzyme classified
under EC 4.2.1.114. The gene products of LeuC and LeuD are subunits
of an enzyme classified under EC 4.2.1.33.
[0140] In some embodiments, an iso(homo).sub.ncitrate dehydrogenase
can be classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.- such as EC
1.1.1.85, EC 1.1.1.87 or EC 1.1.1.286, such as the gene product of
aksF from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (see, Genbank Accession No.
ACA28837.1), the gene product of LYS12 from Saccharomyces
cerevisiae (See Genbank Accession No. CAA86700.1) or hicdh from
Thermus thermophiles (see Genbank Accession No. BAB88861.1).
[0141] In some embodiments, 2-oxo-adipate can be decarboxylated by
a decarboxylase classified, for example, under EC 4.1.1.43, EC
4.1.1.72, or EC 4.1.1.74 such as the indole-3-pyruvate
decarboxylase from Salmonella typhimurium (see, for example,
Genbank Accession No. CAC48239.1). A mutant variant of the
indolepyruvate decarboxylase from Salmonella typhimurium was
engineered successfully to selectively accept longer chain length
substrates. The L544A mutation of the sequence provided in Genbank
Accession No. CAC48239.1 allowed for 567 times higher selectivity
towards the C7 2-oxoacid than towards the C5 2-oxoacid (see, Xiong
et al., 2012, Scientific Reports, 2: 311). The 2-oxoglutarate
dehydrogenase complex has demonstrated activity for 2-oxoglutarate
and 2-oxoadipate (Bunik et al., 2000, Eur. J. Biochem., 267,
3583-3591).
[0142] 2-oxo-adipate also can be decarboxylated by a 2-oxoglutarate
dehydrogenase complex comprised of enzymes homologous to enzymes
classified, for example, under EC 1.2.4.2, EC 1.8.1.4, and EC
2.3.1.61. The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex contains
multiple copies of a 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase classified, for
example, under EC 1.2.4.2 bound to a core of
dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferases classified, for
example, under EC 2.3.1.61, which also binds multiple copies of a
dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC
1.8.1.4.
[0143] In some embodiments, a 5-oxopentanoate dehydrogenase (e.g.,
a glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) can be classified, for
example under EC 1.2.1.- (e.g., EC 1.2.1.20, EC 1.2.1.16 or EC
1.2.1.79) such as the gene product of CpnE (see, for example, Iwaki
et al., 2002, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68(11):5671-5684).
[0144] In some embodiments, a glutarate CoA ligase can be
classified, for example, under EC 6.2.1.6.
[0145] In some embodiments, a .beta.-ketothiolase can be classified
under EC 2.3.1.- (e.g., EC 2.3.1.9, EC 2.3.1.16, or EC 2.3.174).
For example, a .beta.-ketothiolase can be classified under EC
2.3.1.9, such as the gene product of atoB or phaA. The
.beta.-ketothiolase encoded by atoB or phaA accepts acetyl-CoA as
substrates, forming acetoacetyl-CoA (see, Haywood et al., 1988,
supra; Slater et al., 1998, supra). The .beta.-ketothiolase encoded
by paaJ (see, e.g., Genbank Accession No. AAC74479.1), catF and
pcaF can be classified under, for example, EC 2.3.1.174. The
.beta.-ketothiolase encoded by paaJ condenses acetyl-CoA and
succinyl-CoA to 3-oxoadipyl-CoA (see, for example, Fuchs et al.,
2011, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 9, 803-816; Gobel et al., 2002,
J. Bacteriol., 184(1), 216-223). A homologue of paaJ in Synthrophus
aciditrophicus catalyses the condensation of acetyl-CoA and
glutaryl-CoA to 3-oxopimeloyl-CoA such as Genbank Accession No.
ABC78517.1 or Genbank Accession No. ABC78881.1. Alternately, a
.beta.-ketoacyl-[acp]homologue of paaJ in S. aciditrophicus
catalyses the condensation of acetyl-CoA and glutaryl-CoA to
3-oxopimeloyl-CoA.
[0146] An acetyl-CoA carboxylase can be classified under EC 6.4.1.2
and an acetoacetyl-CoA synthase can be classified under EC
2.3.1.194. Conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA by an acetyl-CoA
carboxylase has been shown to increase the rate of fatty acid
synthesis (Davis et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275(37),
28593-28598). It has been demonstrated that acetoacetyl-CoA
synthase may be used as an irreversible substitute for the gene
product of phaA in the carbon chain elongation associated with
polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis (Matsumoto et al., Biosci.
Biotechnol. Biochem., 2011, 75(2), 364-366).
[0147] In some embodiments, a 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
(also can be referred to as a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) can
be classified under EC 1.1.1.157 such as the gene product hbd (see,
for example, Shen et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2011, 77(9),
2905-2915; Budde et al., J. Bacteriol., 2010, 192(20), 5319-5328)
or the gene product of paaH (Teufel et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. 107(32), 14390-14395).
[0148] In some embodiments, an enoyl-CoA hydratase can be
classified under EC 4.2.1.17, such as the gene product of crt (see,
for example, Shen et al., 2011, supra; Fukui et al., J. Bacteriol.,
1998, 180(3), 667-673) or the gene product of paaF (see, for
example, Fuchs et al., 2011, supra). Homologs of paaF in S.
aciditrophicus include the enoyl-CoA hydratase of Genbank Accession
No. ABC77794.1 or the enoyl-CoA dehydratase of Genbank Accession
No. ABC78950.1.
[0149] In some embodiments, a reversible glutaconyl-CoA
decarboxylase that relies on a Na.sup.+ membrane pump can be
classified, for example, under EC 4.1.1.70 (see Mouttaki et al.,
Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2007, 73(3), 930-938). The EC 4.1.1.70
enzyme activity is associated with the following subunits in S.
aciditrophicus, viz. Genbank Accession Nos. (1) ABC77900.1, (2)
ABC76114.1 and (3) ABC77898.1.
[0150] In some embodiments, an enoyl-[acp]reductase can be
classified under EC 1.3.1.- (e.g., EC 1.3.1.9) such as the
enoyl-[acp]reductase obtained from S. aciditrophicus or the gene
product of FabI (Genbank Accession No: CAB13029.2) from Bacillus
subtillis (see, for example, Heath et al., 2000, J. Biol. Chem.,
275(51), 40128-33). The enoyl-[acp]reductase involved in fatty acid
synthesis in S. aciditrophicus likely accepts CoA activated
dicarboxylic acids (Mouttaki et al., 2007, supra).
[0151] In some embodiments, a trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase can be
classified, for example, under EC 1.3.1.44, such as the gene
product of ter (Genbank Accession No. AAW66853.1) (Hoffmeister et
al., 2005, J. Biol. Chem., 280(6), 4329-4338; Shen et al., 2011,
supra) or tdter (Genbank Accession No. AAS11092.1) (Bond-Watts et
al., Biochemistry, 2012, 51, 6827-6837).
[0152] A .beta.-ketoacyl-[acp]synthase can be classified, for
example, under, EC 2.3.1.41, EC 2.3.1.179, or EC 2.3.1.180. The
.beta.-ketothiolases and .beta.-ketoacyl-[acp]synthases involved in
fatty acid synthesis in S. aciditrophicus likely accept CoA
activated dicarboxylic acids (Mouttaki et al., Appl. Environ.
Microbiol., 2007, 73(3), 930-938).
Enzymes Producing 2(E)-Heptenedioyl-CoA from 2-Oxo-Pimelate
[0153] As depicted in FIG. 2, 2-oxo-pimelate can be formed from the
central metabolite 2-oxoglutarate via two rounds of carbon chain
elongation associated with lysine biosynthesis via
.alpha.-aminoadipate, where each round of elongation comprises
using (i) a homocitrate synthase, (ii) a homocitrate dehydratase
and a homoaconitate hydratase, and (iii) an isohomocitrate
dehydrogenase. The homocitrate synthase, a homocitrate dehydratase,
homoaconitate hydratase, and isohomocitrate dehydrogenase are
described above. 2-oxo-pimelate also can be formed from succinate
semialdehyde using a 4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanedioate aldolase, a
2-oxo-hept-3-ene-1,7-dioate hydratase, and a 2-enoate reductase as
shown in FIG. 3.
[0154] 2-oxo-pimelate can be converted to 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA
using (i) a 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase or (ii) a lactate
dehydrogenase, (ii) a CoA-transferase such as a glutaconate
CoA-transferase, and (iii) a 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase or a
2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA dehydratase. See, FIGS. 2 and 3.
[0155] A 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase can be classified, for
example under EC 1.1.1.-(337) such as the gene product of HgdH or
ldhA. See, Djurdjevic et al, 2011, Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,
77(1), 320-322 and Kim et al., 2005, FEBS Journal, 272,
550-561.
[0156] A CoA-transferase such as a glutaconate CoA-transferase can
be classified, for example, under EC 2.8.3.12 and can be obtained
from Acidaminococcus fermentans (see, e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 24 and 25).
See, for example, Buckel et al., 1981, Eur. J. Biochem.,
118:315-321.
[0157] A 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase can be classified, for
example, under EC 4.2.1.- such as the gene product of HgdAB
(Genbank Accession Nos. AAD31677.1 and AAD31675.1) in combination
with an activator, the gene product of HgdC (Genbank Accession No.
CAA42196.1). The HgdAB gene product contains subunits A and B. See,
Djurdjevic et al, 2011, supra. A 2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA
dehydratase can be classified, for example, under EC 4.2.1.- such
as the gene product of hadBC (Genbank Accession Nos. AAV40819.1
& AAV40820.1) or hadI (Genbank Accession No. AAV40818.1).
[0158] A 4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanedioate aldolase can be classified,
for example, under EC 4.1.2.52 such as the gene product of HpaI.
See Genbank Accession No. CAA87759.1.
[0159] A 2-oxo-hept-3-ene-1,7-dioate hydratase can be classified,
for example, under EC 4.2.1.- such as the gene product of HpaH. See
GenBank Accession No. AAB91474.1.
[0160] In some embodiments, a 2-enoate reductase may be classified
under EC 1.3.1.- such as EC 1.3.1.31 or EC 1.6.99.1 such as
originating from Bacillus subtilis (Genbank Accession No.
BAA12619.1), Pseudomonas putida Genbank Accession No. AAN66878.1),
Kluyveromyces lactis (Genbank Accession No. AAA98815.1),
Lactobacillus casei (Genbank Accession No. AGP69310.1),
Saccharomyces pastorianus (Genbank Accession No. CAA37666.1),
Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus (Genbank Accession No.
ABY93685.1), or Enterobacter cloacae (Genbank Accession No.
AAB38683.1) (Gao et al., 2012, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 51(1),
26-34).
Enzymes Facilitating Introduction of Terminal Functional Groups in
the Biosynthesis of a C7 Building Block
[0161] In some embodiments, a carboxylate reductase facilitates the
generation of a terminal aldehyde group for subsequent conversion
to an amine group by an .omega.-transaminase or to a hydroxyl group
by an alcohol dehydrogenase. The carboxylate reductase can be
obtained, for example, from Mycobacterium marinum (Genbank
Accession No. ACC40567.1, SEQ ID NO: 7), Mycobacterium smegmatis
(Genbank Accession No. ABK71854.1, SEQ ID NO: 8), Segniliparus
rugosus (Genbank Accession No. EFV11917.1, SEQ ID NO: 9),
Mycobacterium smegmatis (Genbank Accession No. ABK75684.1, SEQ ID
NO: 10), Mycobacterium massiliense (Genbank Accession No.
EIV11143.1, SEQ ID NO: 11), or Segniliparus rotundus (Genbank
Accession No. ADG98140.1, SEQ ID NO: 12). See, e.g., FIGS. 4 to
8.
[0162] The carboxylate reductase encoded by the gene product of car
and enhancer npt has broad substrate specificity, including
terminal difunctional C4 and C5 carboxylic acids
(Venkitasubramanian et al., Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2008,
42, 130-137).
Enzymes Generating the Terminal Carboxyl Groups in the Biosynthesis
of C7 Building Blocks
[0163] As depicted in FIG. 4, a terminal carboxyl group can be
enzymatically formed using a thioesterase, an aldehyde
dehydrogenase, a 7-oxoheptanoate dehydrogenase, a 6-oxohexanoate
dehydrogenase, a CoA-transferase or a reversible CoA-ligase.
[0164] In some embodiments, the first terminal carboxyl group
leading to the synthesis of a C7 building block is enzymatically
formed by a pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase classified, for
example, under EC 3.1.1.85 such as the gene product of bioH
(GenBank Accession No. AAC76437.1, SEQ ID NO: 6). See, FIGS. 1 and
2.
[0165] In some embodiments, the second terminal carboxyl group
leading to the synthesis of a C7 building block is enzymatically
formed by a thioesterase classified under EC 3.1.2.-, such as the
gene product of YciA, tesB (Genbank Accession No. AAA24665.1, SEQ
ID NO: 21), Acot13 or originating from Lactobacillus brevis
(GenBank Accession No. ABJ63754.1, SEQ ID NO: 4) or from
Lactobacillus plantarum (GenBank Accession No. CCC78182.1, SEQ ID
NO: 5) (see, for example, Cantu et al., Protein Science, 2010, 19,
1281-1295; Zhuang et al., Biochemistry, 2008, 47(9), 2789-2796;
Naggert et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1991, 266(17), 11044-11050; or Jing
et al., 2011, BMC Biochemistry, 12(44)).
[0166] In some embodiments, the second terminal carboxyl group
leading to the synthesis of pimelic acid is enzymatically formed by
an aldehyde dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC 1.2.1.3
(see, for example, Guerrillot & Vandecasteele, Eur. J.
Biochem., 1977, 81, 185-192).
[0167] In some embodiments, the second terminal carboxyl group
leading to the synthesis of pimelic acid is enzymatically formed by
a dehydrogenase classified under EC 1.2.1.- (e.g., EC 1.2.1.16, EC
1.2.1.20, EC 1.2.1.79, EC 1.2.1.3 or EC 1.2.1.63) such as
5-oxopentanoate dehydrogenase (e.g., the gene product of CpnE from
Comamonas sp.), 6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase (e.g., the gene
product of ChnE from Acinetobacter sp.) or a 7-oxoheptanoate
dehydrogenase (e.g., the gene product of ThnG from Sphingomonas
macrogolitabida). See, for example, Iwaki et al., Appl. Environ.
Microbiol., 1999, 65(11), 5158-5162; Iwaki et al., Appl. Environ.
Microbiol., 2002, 68(11), 5671-5684; or Lopez-Sanchez et al., Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 2010, 76(1), 110-118. For example, a
6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase can be classified under EC 1.2.1.63.
For example, a 7-oxoheptanoate dehydrogenase can be classified
under EC 1.2.1.-.
[0168] In some embodiments, the second terminal carboxyl group
leading to the synthesis of pimelic acid is enzymatically formed by
a CoA-transferase such as a glutaconate CoA-transferase classified,
for example, under EC 2.8.3.12 such as from Acidaminococcus
fermentans. See, for example, Buckel et al., 1981, Eur. J.
Biochem., 118:315-321.
[0169] In some embodiments, the second terminal carboxyl group
leading to the synthesis of pimelic acid is enzymatically formed by
a reversible CoA-ligase such as a succinate-CoA ligase classified,
for example, under EC 6.2.1.5 such as from Thermococcus
kodakaraensis. See, for example, Shikata et al., 2007, J. Biol.
Chem., 282(37):26963-26970.
Enzymes Generating the Terminal Amine Groups in the Biosynthesis of
C7 Building Blocks
[0170] As depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6, terminal amine groups can be
enzymatically formed using a .omega.-transaminase or a
deacetylase.
[0171] In some embodiments, the first or second terminal amine
group leading to the synthesis of 7-aminoheptanoic acid is
enzymatically formed by a .omega.-transaminase classified, for
example, under EC 2.6.1.18, EC 2.6.1.19, EC 2.6.1.29, EC 2.6.1.48,
or EC 2.6.1.82 such as that obtained from Chromobacterium violaceum
(Genbank Accession No. AAQ59697.1, SEQ ID NO: 13), Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (Genbank Accession No. AAG08191.1, SEQ ID NO: 14),
Pseudomonas syringae (Genbank Accession No. AAY39893.1, SEQ ID NO:
15), Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Genbank Accession No. ABA81135.1, SEQ
ID NO: 16), Escherichia coli (Genbank Accession No. AAA57874.1, SEQ
ID NO: 17), Vibrio fluvialis (Genbank Accession No. AEA39183.1, SEQ
ID NO: 18), Streptomyces griseus, or Clostridium viride. Some of
these .omega.-transaminases are diamine .omega.-transaminases
(e.g., SEQ ID NO: 17). For example, the .omega.-transaminases
classified, for example, under EC 2.6.1.29 or EC 2.6.1.82 may be
diamine .omega.-transaminases.
[0172] The reversible .omega.-transaminase from Chromobacterium
violaceum (Genbank Accession No. AAQ59697.1, SEQ ID NO: 13) has
demonstrated analogous activity accepting 6-aminohexanoic acid as
amino donor, thus forming the first terminal amine group in adipate
semialdehyde (Kaulmann et al., Enzyme and Microbial Technology,
2007, 41, 628-637).
[0173] The reversible 4-aminobubyrate:2-oxoglutarate transaminase
from Streptomyces griseus has demonstrated analogous activity for
the conversion of 6-aminohexanoate to adipate semialdehyde (Yonaha
et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 1985, 146:101-106).
[0174] The reversible 5-aminovalerate transaminase from Clostridium
viride has demonstrated analogous activity for the conversion of
6-aminohexanoate to adipate semialdehyde (Barker et al., J. Biol.
Chem., 1987, 262(19), 8994-9003).
[0175] In some embodiments, a terminal amine group leading to the
synthesis of 7-aminoheptanoate or heptamethylenediamine is
enzymatically formed by a diamine .omega.-transaminase. For
example, the second terminal amino group can be enzymatically
formed by a diamine .omega.-transaminase classified, for example,
under EC 2.6.1.29 or classified, for example, under EC 2.6.1.82,
such as the gene product of YgjG from E. coli (Genbank Accession
No. AAA57874.1, SEQ ID NO: 17).
[0176] The gene product of ygjG accepts a broad range of diamine
carbon chain length substrates, such as putrescine, cadaverine and
spermidine (see, for example, Samsonova et al., BMC Microbiology,
2003, 3:2).
[0177] The diamine .omega.-transaminase from E. coli strain B has
demonstrated activity for 1,7 diaminoheptane (Kim, The Journal of
Chemistry, 1964, 239(3), 783-786).
[0178] In some embodiments, the second terminal amine group leading
to the synthesis of heptamethylenediamine is enzymatically formed
by a deacetylase such as an acyl-lysine deacylase classified, for
example, under EC 3.5.1.17 or such as acetylputrescine deacetylase
classified, for example, under EC 3.5.1.62. The acetylputrescine
deacetylase from Micrococcus luteus K-11 accepts a broad range of
carbon chain length substrates, such as acetylputrescine,
acetylcadaverine and N.sup.8-acetylspermidine (see, for example,
Suzuki et al., 1986, BBA--General Subjects, 882(1):140-142).
Enzymes Generating the Terminal Hydroxyl Groups in the Biosynthesis
of C7 Building Blocks
[0179] As depicted in FIGS. 7 and 8, a terminal hydroxyl group can
be enzymatically formed using 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, a
5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,
or an alcohol dehydrogenase.
[0180] For example, a terminal hydroxyl group leading to the
synthesis of 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid can be enzymatically formed by
a dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.- such as a
6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC
1.1.1.258 (e.g., the gene from of ChnD), a 5-hydroxypentanoate
dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.- such as the
gene product of CpnD (see, for example, Iwaki et al., 2002, Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 68(11):5671-5684), a 5-hydroxypentanoate
dehydrogenase from Clostridium viride, or a 4-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase such as gabD (see, for example, Lutke-Eversloh &
Steinbuchel, 1999, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 181(1):63-71). See,
FIG. 7.
[0181] In some embodiments, the second terminal hydroxyl group
leading to the synthesis of 1,7 heptanediol is enzymatically formed
by an alcohol dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC
1.1.1.- (e.g., EC 1.1.1.1, EC 1.1.1.2, EC 1.1.1.21, or EC
1.1.1.184).
Biochemical Pathways
Pathway Using Acetyl-CoA or 2-Oxo-Glutarate as Central Metabolite
in the Biosynthesis of C7 Backbone
[0182] In some embodiments, glutaryl-CoA is synthesized from the
central metabolite, acetyl-CoA, by conversion of acetyl-CoA to
acetoacetyl-CoA by a .beta.-ketothiolase classified, for example,
under EC 2.3.1.9 such as the gene product of atoB or phaA or by an
acetyl-CoA carboxylase classified under, for example, EC 6.4.1.2
and an acetoacetyl-CoA synthase classified, for example, under EC
2.3.1.194; followed by conversion to 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA by a
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC
1.1.1.- such as EC 1.1.1.157 or EC 1.1.1.35 such as the gene
product of hbd; followed by conversion to crotonyl-CoA by an
enoyl-CoA reductase classified, for example, under EC 4.2.1.-
(e.g., EC 4.2.1.17) such as the gene product of crt, followed by
conversion to either a) glutaconyl-CoA by a glutaconyl-CoA
decarboxylase classified, for example, under EC 4.1.1.70; followed
by conversion to glutaryl-CoA by either (i) an enoyl-[acp]reductase
classified, for example, under EC 1.3.1.9 or (ii) a
trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase classified, for example, under EC
1.3.1.44 such as the gene product of ter or tdter or (b)
glutaryl-CoA by a glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase subject to electron
bifurcation from Synthrophus aciditrophicus such as the
dehydrogenases of Genbank Accession Nos. (1) ABC77899.1, (2)
ABC76101.1, (3) ABC76260.1, (4) ABC76949.1 or (5) ABC78863.1. See,
FIG. 1.
[0183] In some embodiments, glutaryl-CoA can be synthesized from
the central metabolite, 2-oxo-glutarate, by conversion of
2-oxo-glutrate to (Homo).sub.1citrate by a homocitrate synthase
classified, for example, under EC 2.3.3.14 or EC 2.3.3.13 such as
the gene product of LYS20 and LYS21 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
or hcs from Thermus thermophiles; followed by conversion to
iso(homo).sub.1citrate by a homocitrate dehydratase and a
homoaconitate hydratase classified, for example, under EC
4.2.1.114, EC 4.2.1.36 or EC 4.2.1.33 such as the gene product of
LYS4 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae or lysT and LysU from Thermus
thermophiles; followed by conversion to 2-oxoadipate by an
iso(homo).sub.ncitrate dehydrogenase classified, for example, under
EC 1.1.1.85, EC 1.1.1.87 or EC 1.1.1.286 such as the gene product
of LYS12 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae or hicdh from Thermus
thermophiles; followed by conversion to glutarate semialdehyde by a
decarboxylase classified, for example under EC 4.1.1.43, EC
4.1.1.74, EC 4.1.1.72 such as an indolepyruvate decarboxylase
(e.g., GenBank Accession No. CAC48239.1), a branched-chain
alpha-ketoacid decarboxylase (e.g., Genbank Accession No.
AAS49166.1) or an alpha-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase (e.g.,
Genbank Accession No. ADA65057.1); followed by conversion to
glutarate by a glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase classified, for
example, under EC 1.2.1.20, EC 1.2.1.16, EC 1.2.1.79, EC 1.2.1.3,
or EC 1.2.1.63 such as the gene product of CpnE, ChnE, or ThnG;
followed by conversion to glutaryl-CoA by a glutarate:CoA ligase
classified, for example, under EC 6.2.1.6 or by a CoA-transferase
classified, for example, under EC 2.8.3.12. See, e.g., FIG. 1.
[0184] In some embodiments, pimeloyl-CoA can be synthesized from
glutaryl-CoA produced as described above by conversion of
glutaryl-CoA to 3-ketopimeloyl-CoA by a .beta.-ketothiolase
classified under EC 2.3.1.-, e.g., EC 2.3.1.174 or EC 2.3.1.16 such
as the gene product of paaJ or homologs of paaJ (e.g., Genbank
Accession No. ABC78517.1, AAC74479.1, or ABC78881.1) or by a
.beta.-ketoacyl-[acp]synthase classified, for example, under EC
2.3.1.41, EC 2.3.1.179, EC 2.3.1.180; followed by conversion to
3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA by a 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA dehydrogenase
classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.157 such as the gene
product of paaH or homologs of paaH (e.g., Genbank Accession No.
ABC77793.1); followed by conversion to 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA (also
known as 2,3-dehydropimeloyl-CoA) by an enoyl-CoA hydratase such as
the gene product of paaF or homologs of paaF (e.g., Genbank
Accession No. ABC77794.1 or Genbank Accession No. ABC78950.1);
followed by conversion to 2(E)-heptenedioate by an
acyl-[acp]thioesterase classified under EC 3.1.2.-, such as the
acyl-[acp]thioesterase from Lactobacillus brevis (GenBank Accession
No. ABJ63754.1, SEQ ID NO: 4) or from Lactobacillus plantarum
(GenBank Accession No. CCC78182.1, SEQ ID NO: 5) or CoA-transferase
classified under EC 2.8.3.- such as EC 2.8.3.12 (see, e.g., Genbank
Accession No. CAA57199.1 (GctA) and CAA57200.1 (GctB), SEQ ID NOs:
24 and 25, respectively), followed by conversion to
2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester using a fatty acid
O-methyltransferase classified, for example, under EC 2.1.1.15 such
as the fatty acid O-methyltransferase from Mycobacterium marinum M
(GenBank Accession No. ACC41782.1, SEQ ID NO: 1); Mycobacterium
smegmatis (see GenBank Accession No. ABK73223.1, SEQ ID NO: 2), or
Pseudomonas putida (see GenBank Accession No. CAA39234.1, SEQ ID
NO: 3); followed by conversion to 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl
ester by a CoA ligase classified, for example, under EC 6.2.1.-
(e.g., a butyrate-CoA ligase classified under EC 6.2.1.2 or a
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase classified under EC 6.2.1.3);
followed by conversion to pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester using a
trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase classified, for example, under EC
1.3.1.44 such as the gene product of ter or tdter; followed by
conversion to pimeloyl-CoA by a pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase
classified, for example, under EC 3.1.1.85 such as the gene product
of bioH from E. coli. (GenBank Accession No. AAC76437.1, SEQ ID NO:
6). See, e.g., FIG. 1.
[0185] In some embodiments, pimeloyl-CoA can be synthesized from
the central metabolite, 2-oxo-glutarate, by two cycles of 2-oxoacid
chain elongation by conversion of 2-oxoglutrate to
(Homo).sub.1citrate by a (Homo).sub.ncitrate synthase classified,
for example, under EC 2.3.3.14 or EC 2.3.3.13 (see, e.g., AksA,
Genbank Accession No. AAB98494.1); followed by conversion to
iso(homo).sub.1citrate by a (homo).sub.ncitrate dehydratase and a
(homo).sub.naconitate hydratase classified, for example, under EC
4.2.1.114, EC 4.2.1.36 or EC 4.2.1.33 (see, e.g., AksD and AksE,
Genbank Accession Nos. AAB99007.1 and AAB99277.1); followed by
conversion to 2-oxoadipate by an iso(homo).sub.ncitrate
dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.85, EC
1.1.1.87 or EC 1.1.1.286 (see, e.g., AksF, Genbank Accession No.
ACA28837.1); followed by conversion to (Homo).sub.2citrate by a
(Homo).sub.ncitrate synthase classified, for example, under EC
2.3.3.14 or EC 2.3.3.13 (see, e.g., AksA, Genbank Accession No.
AAB98494.1); followed by conversion to iso(homo).sub.2citrate (also
known as 1-hydroxypentane-1,2,5-tricarboxylate or
threo-iso(homo).sub.2citrate) by a (homo).sub.ncitrate dehydratase
and a (homo).sub.naconitate hydratase classified, for example,
under EC 4.2.1.114, EC 4.2.1.36 or EC 4.2.1.33 (see, e.g., Genbank
Accession Nos. AAB99007.1 and AAB99277.1); followed by conversion
to 2-oxo-pimelate by an iso(homo).sub.ncitrate dehydrogenase
classified under, for example, EC 1.1.1.85, EC 1.1.1.87, or EC
1.1.1.286 (see, e.g., AksF, Genbank Accession No. ACA28837.1);
followed by conversion to 2-oxo-pimelate using an alcohol
dehydrogenase classified under EC 1.1.1.- such as the gene product
of HgdH (see Djurdjevic et al, 2011, supra) or LdhA (see Kim et
al., 2005, FEBS Journal, 272, 550-561); followed by conversion to
2-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA by a CoA-transferase such as a glutaconate
CoA-transferase classified, for example, under EC 2.8.3.12 (e.g.,
the gene product of GctAB); followed by conversion to
2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA by a 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase
classified, for example, under EC 4.2.1.- such as the gene product
of HgdAB in combination with its activator, the gene product of
HgdC (see Djurdjevic et al, 2011, supra) or a
2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA dehydratase classified, for example, under
EC 4.2.1.- such as the gene product of hadBC in combination with
its activator, the gene product of hadI (Kim et al., 2005, supra);
followed by conversion to 2(E)-heptenedioate by a CoA-transferase
such as a glutaconate CoA-transferase classified, for example,
under EC 2.8.3.12 (e.g., the gene product of GctAB); followed by
conversion to 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester using a fatty acid
O-methyltransferase classified, for example, under EC 2.1.1.15 such
as the fatty acid O-methyltransferase from Mycobacterium marinum M
(GenBank Accession No. ACC41782.1, SEQ ID NO: 1); Mycobacterium
smegmatis (see GenBank Accession No. ABK73223.1, SEQ ID NO: 2), or
Pseudomonas putida (see GenBank Accession No. CAA39234.1, SEQ ID
NO: 3); followed by conversion to 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl
ester by a CoA ligase classified, for example, under EC 6.2.1.-
(e.g., a butyrate-CoA ligase classified under EC 6.2.1.2 or a
long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase classified under EC 6.2.1.3);
followed by conversion to pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester using a
trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase classified, for example, under EC
1.3.1.44 such as the gene product of ter or tdter; followed by
conversion to pimeloyl-CoA by a pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase
classified, for example, under EC 3.1.1.85 such as the gene product
of bioH from E. coli. (GenBank Accession No. AAC76437.1, SEQ ID NO:
6). See, e.g., FIG. 2.
Pathway Using Succinate Semialdehyde as Central Metabolite in the
Biosynthesis of C7 Backbone
[0186] In some embodiments, pimeloyl-CoA can be synthesized from
(i) the central metabolite 2-oxoglutarate by conversion of
2-oxoglutarate to succinate semialdehyde by a branched-chain
alpha-ketoacid decarboxylase (e.g., Genbank Accession No.
AAS49166.1) classified, for example, under EC 4.1.1.72 or an
alpha-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase (e.g., Genbank Accession No.
ADA65057.1) classified, for example, under EC 4.1.1.74 or from (ii)
the central metabolite succinyl-CoA by conversion of succinyl-CoA
to succinate semialdehyde by a succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
classified, for example, under EC 1.2.1.76; followed by conversion
to 2,4-dihydroxyhept-2-enedioate by a 4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanedioate
aldolase classified, for example, under EC 4.1.2.52 (e.g., the gene
product of HpaI); followed by conversion to 2-oxohept-3-enedioate
by a 2-oxo-hept-3-ene-1,7-dioate hydratase classified, for example,
under EC 4.2.1.- such as the gene product of HpaH (e.g., Genbank
Accession No. AAB91474.1); followed by conversion to 2-oxopimelate
by a 2-enoate reductase classified under EC 1.3.1.- such as EC
1.3.1.31 or EC 1.6.99.- such as EC 1.6.99.1 (e.g., encoded by
Genbank Accession Nos. BAA12619.1, AAN66878.1, AAA98815.1,
AGP69310.1, CAA37666.1, ABY93685.1, or AAB38683.1); followed by
conversion to 2-hydroxypimelate by a 2-hydroxyglutarate
dehydrogenase classified, for example under EC 1.1.1.- such as EC
1.1.1.337 (e.g., the gene product of HgdH or ldhA); followed by
conversion to 2-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA by a CoA-transferase such as a
glutaconate CoA-transferase classified, for example, under EC
2.8.3.12 (e.g., the gene product of GctAB); followed by conversion
to 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA by a 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase
classified, for example, under EC 4.2.1.- such as the gene product
of HgdAB in combination with its activator, the gene product of
HgdC (see, Djurdjevic et al, 2011, supra) or a
2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA dehydratase classified, for example, under
EC 4.2.1.- such as the gene product of hadBC in combination with
its activator, the gene product of hadI (Kim et al., 2005, supra);
followed by conversion to 2(E)-heptenedioate by a CoA-transferase
such as a glutaconate CoA-transferase classified, for example,
under EC 2.8.3.12 (e.g., the gene product of GctAB); followed by
conversion to 2(E)-heptenedioate methyl ester using a fatty acid
O-methyltransferase classified, for example, under EC 2.1.1.15 such
as the fatty acid O-methyltransferase from Mycobacterium marinum
(GenBank Accession No. ACC41782.1. SEQ ID NO: 1); Mycobacterium
smegmatis (see GenBank Accession No. ABK73223.1, SEQ ID NO: 2), or
Pseudomonas putida (see GenBank Accession No. CAA39234.1, SEQ ID
NO: 3); followed by conversion to 2(E)-heptenedioyl-CoA methyl
ester by a CoA ligase classified, for example, under EC 6.2.1.-
such as a butyrate-CoA ligase classified, for example, under EC
6.2.1.2 or a long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase classified, for
example, under EC 6.2.1.3 (e.g. Genbank Accession No. CAA50321.1 or
CAJ95550.1); followed by conversion to pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester
using a trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase classified, for example, under
EC 1.3.1.44 such as the gene product of ter (e.g., Genbank
Accession No. AAW66853.1) or tdter (Genbank Accession No.
AAS11092.1); followed by conversion to pimeloyl-CoA by a
pimelyl-[acp]methyl ester esterase classified, for example, under
EC 3.1.1.85 such as the gene product of bioH from E. coli. (GenBank
Accession No. AAC76437.1, SEQ ID NO: 6). See, e.g., FIG. 3.
Pathways Using Pimeloyl-CoA or Pimelate Semialdehyde as Central
Precursors to Pimelate
[0187] In some embodiments, pimelic acid is synthesized from the
central precursor pimeloyl-CoA by conversion of pimeloyl-CoA to
pimelate semialdehyde by an acetylating aldehyde dehydrogenase
classified, for example, under EC 1.2.1.10 such as the gene product
of PduB or PduP (see, for example, Lan et al., 2013, Energy
Environ. Sci., 6:2672-2681); followed by conversion to pimelic acid
by a 7-oxoheptanoate dehydrogenase classified, for example, under
EC 1.2.1.- such as the gene product of ThnG, a 6-oxohexanoate
dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC 1.2.1.63 such as
the gene product of ChnE, a 5-oxopentanoate dehydrogenase
classified, for example, under EC 1.2.1.- such as the gene product
of CpnE, or an aldehyde dehydrogenase (classified, for example,
under EC 1.2.1.3). See, FIG. 4.
[0188] In some embodiments, pimelic acid is synthesized from the
central precursor pimeloyl-CoA by conversion of pimeloyl-CoA to
pimelate by a thioesterase classified, for example, under EC
3.1.2.- such as the gene products of YciA, tesB (Genbank Accession
No. AAA24665.1, SEQ ID NO: 21), Acot13, an acyl-[acp]thioesterase
from Lactobacillus brevis (GenBank Accession No. ABJ63754.1, SEQ ID
NO: 4), or an acyl-[acp]thioesterase from Lactobacillus plantarum
(GenBank Accession No. CCC78182.1, SEQ ID NO: 5). See, FIG. 4.
[0189] In some embodiments, pimelate is synthesized from the
central precursor pimeloyl-CoA by conversion of pimeloyl-CoA to
pimelate by a CoA-transferase such as a glutaconate CoA-transferase
classified, for example, under EC 2.8.3.12. See, FIG. 4.
[0190] In some embodiments, pimelate is synthesized from the
central precursor pimeloyl-CoA by conversion of pimeloyl-CoA to
pimelate by a reversible CoA-ligase such as a reversible succinate
CoA-ligase classified, for example, under EC 6.2.1.5. See, FIG.
4.
Pathways Using Pimeloyl-CoA or Pimelate Semialdehyde as Central
Precursor to 7-Aminoheptanoate
[0191] In some embodiments, 7-aminoheptanoate is synthesized from
the central precursor pimeloyl-CoA by conversion of pimeloyl-CoA to
pimelate semialdehyde by an acetylating aldehyde dehydrogenase
classified, for example, EC 1.2.1.10, such as the gene product of
PduB or PduP; followed by conversion of pimelate semialdehyde to
7-aminoheptanoate by a .omega.-transaminase classified, for
example, under EC 2.6.1.- such as EC 2.6.1.18, EC 2.6.1.19, EC
2.6.1.29, EC 2.6.1.48, or EC 2.6.1.82 such as from a
Chromobacterium violaceum (see Genbank Accession No. AAQ59697.1,
SEQ ID NO: 13), a Pseudomonas syringae (see Genbank Accession No.
AAY39893.1, SEQ ID NO: 15), a Rhodobacter sphaeroides (see Genbank
Accession No. ABA81135.1, SEQ ID NO: 16), or a Vibrio fluvialis
(see Genbank Accession No. AEA39183.1, SEQ ID NO: 18). See, FIG.
5.
[0192] In some embodiments, 7-aminoheptanoate is synthesized from
the central precursor pimelate by conversion of pimelate to
pimelate semialdehyde by a carboxylate reductase classified, for
example, under EC 1.2.99.6 such as from Segniliparus rugosus
(Genbank Accession No. EFV11917.1, SEQ ID NO: 9) or Segniliparus
rotundus (Genbank Accession No. ADG98140.1, SEQ ID NO: 12), in
combination with a phosphopantetheine transferase enhancer (e.g.,
encoded by a sfp (Genbank Accession No. CAA44858.1, SEQ ID NO: 19)
gene from Bacillus subtilis or npt (Genbank Accession No.
ABI83656.1, SEQ ID NO: 20) gene from Nocardia), or the gene
products of GriC and GriD from Streptomyces griseus (Suzuki et al.,
J. Antibiot., 2007, 60(6), 380-387); followed by conversion of
pimelate semialdehyde to 7-aminoheptanoate by a co-transaminase
classified, for example, under EC 2.6.1.- such as EC 2.6.1.18, EC
2.6.1.19, EC 2.6.1.48, EC 2.6.1.29, EC 2.6.1.82 such as from a
Chromobacterium violaceum (see Genbank Accession No. AAQ59697.1,
SEQ ID NO: 13), a Pseudomonas syringae (see Genbank Accession No.
AAY39893.1, SEQ ID NO: 15), a Rhodobacter sphaeroides (see Genbank
Accession No. ABA81135.1, SEQ ID NO: 16), or a Vibrio fluvialis
(see Genbank Accession No. AEA39183.1, SEQ ID NO: 18). See, FIG.
5.
Pathway Using 7-Aminoheptanoate, 7-Hydroxyheptanoate or Pimelate
Semialdehyde as Central Precursor to Heptamethylenediamine
[0193] In some embodiments, heptamethylenediamine is synthesized
from the central precursor 7-aminoheptanoate by conversion of
7-aminoheptanoate to 7-aminoheptanal by a carboxylate reductase
classified, for example, under EC 1.2.99.6 such as the gene product
of car (see above) in combination with a phosphopantetheine
transferase enhancer (e.g., encoded by a sfp (Genbank Accession No.
CAA44858.1, SEQ ID NO: 19) gene from Bacillus subtilis or npt
(Genbank Accession No. ABI83656.1, SEQ ID NO: 20) gene from
Nocardia) or the gene product of GriC & GriD (Suzuki et al., J.
Antibiot., 2007, 60(6), 380-387); followed by conversion of
7-aminoheptanal to heptamethylenediamine by a .omega.-transaminase
classified, for example, under EC 2.6.1.- such as 2.6.1.18, EC
2.6.1.19, EC 2.6.1.29, EC 2.6.1.48, or EC 2.6.1.82 such as from a
Chromobacterium violaceum (see Genbank Accession No. AAQ59697.1,
SEQ ID NO: 13), a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (see Genbank Accession No.
AAG08191.1, SEQ ID NO: 14), a Pseudomonas syringae (see Genbank
Accession No. AAY39893.1, SEQ ID NO: 15), a Rhodobacter sphaeroides
(see Genbank Accession No. ABA81135.1, SEQ ID NO: 16), an
Escherichia coli (see Genbank Accession No. AAA57874.1, SEQ ID NO:
17), or a Vibrio fluvialis (see Genbank Accession No. AEA39183.1,
SEQ ID NO: 18). See FIG. 6.
[0194] The carboxylate reductase encoded by the gene product of car
and the phosphopantetheine transferase enhancer npt or sfp has
broad substrate specificity, including terminal difunctional C4 and
C5 carboxylic acids (Venkitasubramanian et al., Enzyme and
Microbial Technology, 2008, 42, 130-137).
[0195] In some embodiments, heptamethylenediamine is synthesized
from the central precursor 7-hydroxyheptanoate (which can be
produced as described in FIG. 7), by conversion of
7-hydroxyheptanoate to 7-hydroxyheptanal by a carboxylate reductase
classified, for example, under EC 1.2.99.6 such as from a
Mycobacterium marinum (see Genbank Accession No. ACC40567.1, SEQ ID
NO: 7), a Mycobacterium smegmatis (see Genbank Accession No.
ABK71854.1, SEQ ID NO: 8), a Segniliparus rugosus (see Genbank
Accession No. EFV11917.1, SEQ ID NO: 9), a Mycobacterium smegmatis
(see Genbank Accession No. ABK75684.1, SEQ ID NO: 10), a
Mycobacterium massiliense (see Genbank Accession No. EIV11143.1,
SEQ ID NO: 11), or a Segniliparus rotundus (see Genbank Accession
No. ADG98140.1, SEQ ID NO: 12), in combination with a
phosphopantetheine transferase enhancer (e.g., encoded by a sfp
(Genbank Accession No. CAA44858.1, SEQ ID NO: 19) gene from
Bacillus subtilis or npt (Genbank Accession No. ABI83656.1, SEQ ID
NO: 20) gene from Nocardia), or the gene product of GriC & GriD
(Suzuki et al., J. Antibiot., 2007, 60(6), 380-387); followed by
conversion of 7-aminoheptanal to 7-aminoheptanol by a
.omega.-transaminase classified, for example, under EC 2.6.1.- such
as EC 2.6.1.18, EC 2.6.1.19, EC 2.6.1.29, EC 2.6.1.48, or EC
2.6.1.82 from a Chromobacterium violaceum (see Genbank Accession
No. AAQ59697.1, SEQ ID NO: 13), a Pseudomonas syringae (see Genbank
Accession No. AAY39893.1, SEQ ID NO: 15), or a Rhodobacter
sphaeroides (see Genbank Accession No. ABA81135.1, SEQ ID NO: 16);
followed by conversion to 7-aminoheptanal by an alcohol
dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.- (e.g., EC
1.1.1.1, EC 1.1.1.2, EC 1.1.1.21, or EC 1.1.1.184) such as the gene
product of YMR318C (classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.2, see
Genbank Accession No. CAA90836.1) (classified, for example, under
EC 1.1.1.2, see Genbank Accession No. CAA90836.1) or YqhD (from E.
coli, GenBank Accession No. AAA69178.1) (Liu et al., Microbiology,
2009, 155, 2078-2085; Larroy et al., 2002, Biochem J., 361(Pt 1),
163-172; Jarboe, 2011, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 89(2),
249-257) or the protein having GenBank Accession No. CAA81612.1
(from Geobacillus stearothermophilus); followed by conversion to
heptamethylenediamine by a .omega.-transaminase classified, for
example, under EC 2.6.1.- such as 2.6.1.18, EC 2.6.1.19, EC
2.6.1.29, EC 2.6.1.48, or EC 2.6.1.82 such as from a
Chromobacterium violaceum (see Genbank Accession No. AAQ59697.1,
SEQ ID NO: 13), a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (see Genbank Accession No.
AAG08191.1, SEQ ID NO: 14), a Pseudomonas syringae (see Genbank
Accession No. AAY39893.1, SEQ ID NO: 15), a Rhodobacter sphaeroides
(see Genbank Accession No. ABA81135.1, SEQ ID NO: 16), an
Escherichia coli (see Genbank Accession No. AAA57874.1, SEQ ID NO:
17), or a Vibrio fluvialis (see Genbank Accession No. AEA39183.1,
SEQ ID NO: 18). See FIG. 6.
[0196] In some embodiments, heptamethylenediamine is synthesized
from the central precursor 7-aminoheptanoate by conversion of
7-aminoheptanoate to N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanoate by a
N-acetyltransferase such as a lysine N-acetyltransferase
classified, for example, under EC 2.3.1.32; followed by conversion
to N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanal by a carboxylate reductase classified,
for example, under EC 1.2.99.6 such as from a Mycobacterium
smegmatis (see Genbank Accession No. ABK71854.1, SEQ ID NO: 8), a
Mycobacterium massiliense (see Genbank Accession No. EIV11143.1,
SEQ ID NO: 11), or a Segniliparus rotundus (see Genbank Accession
No. ADG98140.1, SEQ ID NO: 12), in combination with a
phosphopantetheine transferase enhancer (e.g., encoded by a sfp
(Genbank Accession No. CAA44858.1, SEQ ID NO: 19) gene from
Bacillus subtilis or npt (Genbank Accession No. ABI83656.1, SEQ ID
NO: 20) gene from Nocardia), or the gene product of GriC & GriD
(Suzuki et al., J. Antibiot., 2007, 60(6), 380-387); followed by
conversion to N7-acetyl-1,7-diaminoheptane by a
.omega.-transaminase classified, for example, under EC 2.6.1.- such
as EC 2.6.1.18, EC 2.6.1.19, EC 2.6.1.29, EC 2.6.1.48, EC 2.6.1.46,
or EC 2.6.1.82 such as from a Chromobacterium violaceum (see
Genbank Accession No. AAQ59697.1, SEQ ID NO: 13), a Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (see Genbank Accession No. AAG08191.1, SEQ ID NO: 14), a
Pseudomonas syringae (see Genbank Accession No. AAY39893.1, SEQ ID
NO: 15), a Rhodobacter sphaeroides (see Genbank Accession No.
ABA81135.1, SEQ ID NO: 16), an Escherichia coli (see Genbank
Accession No. AAA57874.1, SEQ ID NO: 17), or a Vibrio fluvialis
(see Genbank Accession No. AEA39183.1, SEQ ID NO: 18); followed by
conversion to heptamethylenediamine by an acetylputrescine
deacetylase classified, for example, under EC 3.5.1.62 or EC
3.5.1.17. See, FIG. 6.
[0197] In some embodiments, heptamethylenediamine is synthesized
from the central precursor pimelate semialdehyde by conversion of
pimelate semialdehyde to heptanedial by a carboxylate reductase
classified, for example, under EC 1.2.99.6 such as from a
Segniliparus rotundus (see Genbank Accession No. ADG98140.1, SEQ ID
NO: 12), in combination with a phosphopantetheine transferase
enhancer (e.g., encoded by a sfp (Genbank Accession No. CAA44858.1,
SEQ ID NO: 19) gene from Bacillus subtilis or npt (Genbank
Accession No. ABI83656.1, SEQ ID NO: 20) gene from Nocardia), or
the gene product of GriC & GriD (Suzuki et al., J. Antibiot.,
2007, 60(6), 380-387); followed by conversion to 7-aminoheptanal by
a .omega.-transaminase classified, for example, under EC 2.6.1.18,
EC 2.6.1.19, EC 2.6.1.29, EC 2.6.1.48, or EC 2.6.1.82; followed by
conversion to heptamethylenediamine by a .omega.-transaminase
classified, for example, under EC 2.6.1.- such as 2.6.1.18, EC
2.6.1.19, EC 2.6.1.29, EC 2.6.1.48, or EC 2.6.1.82 such as from a
Chromobacterium violaceum (see Genbank Accession No. AAQ59697.1,
SEQ ID NO: 13), a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (see Genbank Accession No.
AAG08191.1, SEQ ID NO: 14), a Pseudomonas syringae (see Genbank
Accession No. AAY39893.1, SEQ ID NO: 15), a Rhodobacter sphaeroides
(see Genbank Accession No. ABA81135.1, SEQ ID NO: 16), an
Escherichia coli (see Genbank Accession No. AAA57874.1, SEQ ID NO:
17), or a Vibrio fluvialis (see Genbank Accession No. AEA39183.1,
SEQ ID NO: 18). See FIG. 6.
Pathways Using Pimelate or Pimelate Semialdehyde as Central
Precursor to 7-Hydroxyheptanoic Acid and 1,7-Heptanediol
[0198] In some embodiments, 7-hydroxyheptanoate is synthesized from
the central precursor pimelate by conversion of pimelate to
pimelate semialdehyde by a carboxylate reductase classified, for
example, under EC 1.2.99.6 such as from Segniliparus rugosus
(Genbank Accession No. EFV11917.1, SEQ ID NO: 9) or Segniliparus
rotundus (Genbank Accession No. ADG98140.1, SEQ ID NO: 12), in
combination with a phosphopantetheine transferase enhancer (e.g.,
encoded by a sfp (Genbank Accession No. CAA44858.1, SEQ ID NO: 19)
gene from Bacillus subtilis or npt (Genbank Accession No.
ABI83656.1, SEQ ID NO: 20) gene from Nocardia), or the gene
products of GriC and GriD from Streptomyces griseus; followed by
conversion to 7-hydroxyheptanoate by an alcohol dehydrogenase
classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.- such as a
6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC
1.1.1.258 (e.g., the gene from of ChnD), a 5-hydroxypentanoate
dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.- such as the
gene product of CpnD (see, for example, Iwaki et al., 2002, Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 68(11):5671-5684), a 5-hydroxypentanoate
dehydrogenase from Clostridium viride, or a 4-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase such as gabD (see, for example, Lutke-Eversloh &
Steinbuchel, 1999, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 181(1):63-71). See,
FIG. 7.
[0199] In some embodiments, 7-hydroxyheptanoate is synthesized from
the central precursor pimeloyl-CoA by conversion of pimeloyl-CoA to
pimelate semialdehyde by an acetylating aldehyde dehydrogenase
classified, for example, under EC 1.2.1.10 such as the gene product
of PduB or PduP; followed by conversion to 7-hydroxyheptanoate by
an alcohol dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.-
such as a 6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase classified, for example,
under EC 1.1.1.258 (e.g., the gene from of ChnD), a
5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC
1.1.1.- such as the gene product of CpnD, a 5-hydroxypentanoate
dehydrogenase from Clostridium viride, or a 4-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase such as gabD. See, also FIG. 7.
[0200] In some embodiments, 1,7 heptanediol is synthesized from the
central precursor 7-hydroxyheptanoate by conversion of
7-hydroxyheptanoate to 7-hydroxyheptanal by a carboxylate reductase
classified, for example, under EC 1.2.99.6 such as from a
Mycobacterium marinum (see Genbank Accession No. ACC40567.1, SEQ ID
NO: 7), a Mycobacterium smegmatis (see Genbank Accession No.
ABK71854.1, SEQ ID NO: 8), a Segniliparus rugosus (see Genbank
Accession No. EFV11917.1, SEQ ID NO: 9), a Mycobacterium smegmatis
(see Genbank Accession No. ABK75684.1, SEQ ID NO: 10), a
Mycobacterium massiliense (see Genbank Accession No. EIV11143.1,
SEQ ID NO: 11), or a Segniliparus rotundus (see Genbank Accession
No. ADG98140.1, SEQ ID NO: 12), in combination with a
phosphopantetheine transferase enhancer (e.g., encoded by a sfp
(Genbank Accession No. CAA44858.1, SEQ ID NO: 19) gene from
Bacillus subtilis or npt (Genbank Accession No. ABI83656.1, SEQ ID
NO: 20) gene from Nocardia), or the gene product of GriC & GriD
(Suzuki et al., J. Antibiot., 2007, 60(6), 380-387); followed by
conversion of 7-hydroxyheptanal to 1,7 heptanediol by an alcohol
dehydrogenase classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.- (e.g., EC
1.1.1.1, EC 1.1.1.2, EC 1.1.1.21, or EC 1.1.1.184) such as the gene
product of YMR318C (classified, for example, under EC 1.1.1.2, see
Genbank Accession No. CAA90836.1) or YqhD (from E. coli, GenBank
Accession No. AAA69178.1) (Liu et al., Microbiology, 2009, 155,
2078-2085; Larroy et al., 2002, Biochem J., 361(Pt 1), 163-172;
Jarboe, 2011, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 89(2), 249-257) or the
protein having GenBank Accession No. CAA81612.1 (from Geobacillus
stearothermophilus). See, FIG. 8.
Cultivation Strategy
[0201] In some embodiments, the cultivation strategy entails
achieving an aerobic, anaerobic, micro-aerobic, or mixed
oxygen/denitrification cultivation condition. Enzymes characterized
in vitro as being oxygen sensitive require a micro-aerobic
cultivation strategy maintaining a very low dissolved oxygen
concentration (See, for example, Chayabatra & Lu-Kwang, Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 2000, 66(2), 493-498; Wilson and Bouwer, 1997,
Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18(2-3),
116-130).
[0202] In some embodiments, the cultivation strategy entails
nutrient limitation such as nitrogen, phosphate or oxygen
limitation.
[0203] In some embodiments, a final electron acceptor other than
oxygen such as nitrates can be utilized.
[0204] In some embodiments, a cell retention strategy using, for
example, ceramic membranes can be employed to achieve and maintain
a high cell density during either fed-batch or continuous
fermentation.
[0205] In some embodiments, the principal carbon source fed to the
fermentation in the synthesis of one or more C7 building blocks can
derive from biological or non-biological feedstocks.
[0206] In some embodiments, the biological feedstock can be, can
include, or can derive from, monosaccharides, disaccharides,
lignocellulose, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, levulinic acid
and formic acid, triglycerides, glycerol, fatty acids, agricultural
waste, condensed distillers' solubles, or municipal waste.
[0207] The efficient catabolism of crude glycerol stemming from the
production of biodiesel has been demonstrated in several
microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Cupriavidus necator,
Pseudomonas oleavorans, Pseudomonas putida and Yarrowia lipolytica
(Lee et al., Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 2012, 166, 1801-1813; Yang
et al., Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2012, 5:13; Meijnen et al.,
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2011, 90, 885-893).
[0208] The efficient catabolism of lignocellulosic-derived
levulinic acid has been demonstrated in several organisms such as
Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida in the synthesis of
3-hydroxyvalerate via the precursor propanoyl-CoA (Jaremko and Yu,
Journal of Biotechnology, 2011, 155, 2011, 293-298; Martin and
Prather, Journal of Biotechnology, 2009, 139, 61-67).
[0209] The efficient catabolism of lignin-derived aromatic
compounds such as benzoate analogues has been demonstrated in
several microorganisms such as Pseudomonas putida, Cupriavidus
necator (Bugg et al., Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2011, 22,
394-400; Perez-Pantoja et al., FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 2008, 32,
736-794).
[0210] The efficient utilization of agricultural waste, such as
olive mill waste water has been demonstrated in several
microorganisms, including Yarrowia lipolytica (Papanikolaou et al.,
Bioresour. Technol., 2008, 99(7), 2419-2428).
[0211] The efficient utilization of fermentable sugars such as
monosaccharides and disaccharides derived from cellulosic,
hemicellulosic, cane and beet molasses, cassava, corn and other
agricultural sources has been demonstrated for several
microorganism such as Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum
and Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactococcus lactis (see, e.g.,
Hermann et al, Journal of Biotechnology, 2003, 104, 155-172; Wee et
al., Food Technol. Biotechnol., 2006, 44(2), 163-172; Ohashi et
al., Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 1999, 87(5),
647-654).
[0212] The efficient utilization of furfural, derived from a
variety of agricultural lignocellulosic sources, has been
demonstrated for Cupriavidus necator (Li et al., Biodegradation,
2011, 22, 1215-1225).
[0213] In some embodiments, the non-biological feedstock can be or
can derive from natural gas, syngas, CO.sub.2/H.sub.2, methanol,
ethanol, benzoic acid, non-volatile residue (NVR), a caustic wash
waste stream from cyclohexane oxidation processes, or terephthalic
acid/isophthalic acid mixture waste streams.
[0214] The efficient catabolism of methanol has been demonstrated
for the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris.
[0215] The efficient catabolism of ethanol has been demonstrated
for Clostridium kluyveri (Seedorf et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA, 2008, 105(6) 2128-2133).
[0216] The efficient catabolism of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2, which may
be derived from natural gas and other chemical and petrochemical
sources, has been demonstrated for Cupriavidus necator (Prybylski
et al., Energy, Sustainability and Society, 2012, 2:11).
[0217] The efficient catabolism of syngas has been demonstrated for
numerous microorganisms, such as Clostridium ljungdahlii and
Clostridium autoethanogenum (Kopke et al., Applied and
Environmental Microbiology, 2011, 77(15), 5467-5475).
[0218] The efficient catabolism of the non-volatile residue waste
stream from cyclohexane processes has been demonstrated for
numerous microorganisms, such as Delftia acidovorans and
Cupriavidus necator (Ramsay et al., Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, 1986, 52(1), 152-156). In some embodiments, the host
microorganism is a prokaryote. For example, the prokaryote can be a
bacterium from the genus Escherichia such as Escherichia coli; from
the genus Clostridia such as Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridium
autoethanogenum or Clostridium kluyveri; from the genus
Corynebacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum; from the genus
Cupriavidus such as Cupriavidus necator or Cupriavidus
metallidurans; from the genus Pseudomonas such as Pseudomonas
fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida or Pseudomonas oleavorans; from the
genus Delftia such as Delftia acidovorans; from the genus Bacillus
such as Bacillus subtillis; from the genus Lactobacillus such as
Lactobacillus delbrueckii; or from the genus Lactococcus such as
Lactococcus lactis. Such prokaryotes also can be a source of genes
to construct recombinant host cells described herein that are
capable of producing one or more C7 building blocks.
[0219] In some embodiments, the host microorganism is a eukaryote.
For example, the eukaryote can be a filamentous fungus, e.g., one
from the genus Aspergillus such as Aspergillus niger.
Alternatively, the eukaryote can be a yeast, e.g., one from the
genus Saccharomyces such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae; from the
genus Pichia such as Pichia pastoris; or from the genus Yarrowia
such as Yarrowia lipolytica; from the genus Issatchenkia such as
Issathenkia orientalis; from the genus Debaryomyces such as
Debaryomyces hansenii; from the genus Arxula such as Arxula
adenoinivorans; or from the genus Kluyveromyces such as
Kluyveromyces lactis. Such eukaryotes also can be a source of genes
to construct recombinant host cells described herein that are
capable of producing one or more C7 building blocks.
Metabolic Engineering
[0220] The present document provides methods involving less than
all the steps described for all the above pathways. Such methods
can involve, for example, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven,
eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve or more of such steps. Where less
than all the steps are included in such a method, the first, and in
some embodiments the only, step can be any one of the steps
listed.
[0221] Furthermore, recombinant hosts described herein can include
any combination of the above enzymes such that one or more of the
steps, e.g., one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine,
ten, or more of such steps, can be performed within a recombinant
host. This document provides host cells of any of the genera and
species listed and genetically engineered to express one or more
(e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 11, 12
or more) recombinant forms of any of the enzymes recited in the
document. Thus, for example, the host cells can contain exogenous
nucleic acids encoding enzymes catalyzing one or more of the steps
of any of the pathways described herein.
[0222] In addition, this document recognizes that where enzymes
have been described as accepting CoA-activated substrates,
analogous enzyme activities associated with [acp]-bound substrates
exist that are not necessarily in the same enzyme class.
[0223] Also, this document recognizes that where enzymes have been
described accepting (R)-enantiomers of substrate, analogous enzyme
activities associated with (S)-enantiomer substrates exist that are
not necessarily in the same enzyme class.
[0224] This document also recognizes that where an enzyme is shown
to accept a particular co-factor, such as NADPH, or a co-substrate,
such as acetyl-CoA, many enzymes are promiscuous in terms of
accepting a number of different co-factors or co-substrates in
catalyzing a particular enzyme activity. Also, this document
recognizes that where enzymes have high specificity for e.g., a
particular co-factor such as NADH, an enzyme with similar or
identical activity that has high specificity for the co-factor
NADPH may be in a different enzyme class.
[0225] In some embodiments, the enzymes in the pathways outlined
herein are the result of enzyme engineering via non-direct or
rational enzyme design approaches with aims of improving activity,
improving specificity, reducing feedback inhibition, reducing
repression, improving enzyme solubility, changing
stereo-specificity, or changing co-factor specificity.
[0226] In some embodiments, the enzymes in the pathways outlined
herein can be gene dosed (i.e., overexpressed by having a plurality
of copies of the gene in the host organism), into the resulting
genetically modified organism via episomal or chromosomal
integration approaches.
[0227] In some embodiments, genome-scale system biology techniques
such as Flux Balance Analysis can be utilized to devise genome
scale attenuation or knockout strategies for directing carbon flux
to a C7 building block.
[0228] Attenuation strategies include, but are not limited to; the
use of transposons, homologous recombination (double cross-over
approach), mutagenesis, enzyme inhibitors and RNA interference
(RNAi).
[0229] In some embodiments, fluxomic, metabolomic and
transcriptomal data can be utilized to inform or support
genome-scale system biology techniques, thereby devising genome
scale attenuation or knockout strategies in directing carbon flux
to a C7 building block.
[0230] In some embodiments, the host microorganism's tolerance to
high concentrations of a C7 building block can be improved through
continuous cultivation in a selective environment.
[0231] In some embodiments (see, e.g., FIGS. 1 to 3), the host
microorganism's endogenous biochemical network can be attenuated or
augmented (1) to ensure the intracellular availability of
2-oxo-glutarate and acetyl-CoA; (2) to create an NADPH imbalance
that may be balanced via the formation of a C7 building block; (3)
to prevent degradation of central metabolites or central precursors
leading to and including C7 building blocks; and/or (4) to ensure
efficient efflux from the cell.
[0232] In some embodiments requiring the intracellular availability
of 2-oxo-glutarate, a PEP carboxykinase or PEP carboxylase can be
overexpressed in the host to generate anaplerotic carbon flux into
the Krebs cycle towards 2-oxo-glutarate (Schwartz et al., 2009,
Proteomics, 9, 5132-5142).
[0233] In some embodiments requiring the intracellular availability
of 2-oxo-glutarate, a pyruvate carboxylase can be overexpressed in
the host to generated anaplerotic carbon flux into the Krebs cycle
towards 2-oxoglutarate (Schwartz et al., 2009, Proteomics, 9,
5132-5142).
[0234] In some embodiments requiring the intracellular availability
of 2-oxo-glutarate, a PEP synthase can be overexpressed in the host
to enhance the flux from pyruvate to PEP, thus increasing the
carbon flux into the Krebs cycle via PEP carboxykinase or PEP
carboxylase (Schwartz et al., 2009, Proteomics, 9, 5132-5142).
[0235] In some embodiments requiring the intracellular availability
of 2-oxoglutarate for C6 building block synthesis, anaplerotic
reactions enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (e.g.,
the gene product of pck), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (e.g.,
the gene product of ppc), the malic enzyme (e.g., the gene product
of sfcA) and/or pyruvate carboxylase are overexpressed in the host
organisms (Song and Lee, 2006, Enzyme Micr. Technol., 39,
352-361).
[0236] In some embodiments requiring intracellular availability of
acetyl-CoA, endogenous enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of
acetyl-CoA such as short-chain length thioesterases (e.g., an
acetyl-CoA thioesterase) can be attenuated in the host
organism.
[0237] In some embodiments requiring condensation of acetyl-CoA for
C7 building block synthesis, one or more endogenous
.beta.-ketothiolases catalyzing the condensation of only acetyl-CoA
to acetoacetyl-CoA such as the endogenous gene products of AtoB or
phaA can be attenuated.
[0238] In some embodiments requiring the intracellular availability
of acetyl-CoA, an endogenous phosphotransacetylase generating
acetate such as pta can be attenuated (Shen et al., Appl. Environ.
Microbiol., 2011, 77(9):2905-2915).
[0239] In some embodiments requiring the intracellular availability
of acetyl-CoA, an endogenous gene in an acetate synthesis pathway
encoding an acetate kinase, such as ack, can be attenuated.
[0240] In some embodiments requiring the intracellular availability
of acetyl-CoA and NADH for C7 building block synthesis, an
endogenous gene encoding an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation
of pyruvate to lactate such as a lactate dehydrogenase encoded by
ldhA can be attenuated (Shen et al., 2011, supra).
[0241] In some embodiments requiring the intracellular availability
of Krebs cycle intermediates for C6 building block synthesis,
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase is attenuated in one or more of its
subunits.
[0242] In some embodiments requiring intracellular availability of
Krebs cycle intermediates for C6 building block synthesis, the
regulator of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase is overexpressed by
induction in the host microorganism.
[0243] In some embodiments requiring the intracellular availability
of acetyl-CoA and NADH for C7 building block synthesis, endogenous
genes encoding enzymes, such as menaquinol-fumarate oxidoreductase,
that catalyze the degradation of phophoenolpyruvate to succinate
such as frdBC can be attenuated (see, e.g., Shen et al., 2011,
supra).
[0244] In some embodiments requiring the intracellular availability
of acetyl-CoA and NADH for C7 building block synthesis, an
endogenous gene encoding an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation
of acetyl-CoA to ethanol such as the alcohol dehydrogenase encoded
by adhE can be attenuated (Shen et al., 2011, supra).
[0245] In some embodiments where the host microorganism uses the
lysine biosynthesis pathway via meso-2,6-diaminopimelate, the genes
encoding the synthesis of 2-oxoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate are gene
dosed into the host.
[0246] In some embodiments where the host microorganism uses the
lysine biosynthesis pathway via 2-oxoadipate, the genes encoding
the synthesis of lysine via meso-2,6-diaminopimelate are gene dosed
into the host.
[0247] In some embodiments, an endogenous gene encoding an enzyme
that catalyzes the degradation of pyruvate to ethanol such as
pyruvate decarboxylase is attenuated.
[0248] In some embodiments, where pathways require excess NADPH or
NADH co-factor for C7 building block synthesis, an endogenous
transhydrogenase such as one classified under EC 1.6.1.1, EC
1.6.1.2, or EC 1.6.1.3, dissipating the co-factor imbalance can be
attenuated.
[0249] In some embodiments, where pathways require excess NADPH
co-factor for C7 building block synthesis, an exogenous
transhydrogenase such as one classified under EC 1.6.1.1, EC
1.6.1.2 or EC 1.6.1.3, converting NADH to NADPH can be
overexpressed.
[0250] In some embodiments using hosts that naturally accumulate
polyhydroxyalkanoates, an endogenous gene encoding a
polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase enzyme can be attenuated in the host
strain.
[0251] In some embodiments using hosts that naturally accumulate
lipid bodies, the genes encoding enzymes involved with lipid body
synthesis are attenuated.
[0252] In some embodiments requiring the intracellular availability
of acetyl-CoA for C7 building block synthesis, a recombinant
acetyl-CoA synthetase such as the gene product of acs can be
overexpressed in the microorganism (Satoh et al., J. Bioscience and
Bioengineering, 2003, 95(4):335-341).
[0253] In some embodiments, an L-alanine dehydrogenase can be
overexpressed in the host to regenerate L-alanine from pyruvate as
amino donor for .omega.-transaminase reactions.
[0254] In some embodiments, a NADH-specific L-glutamate
dehydrogenase can be overexpressed in the host to regenerate
L-glutamate from 2-oxo-glutarate as amino donor for
.omega.-transaminase reactions.
[0255] In some embodiments, enzymes such as pimeloyl-CoA
dehydrogenase classified under, for example, EC 1.3.1.62; an
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase classified under, for example, EC 1.3.8.7 or
EC 1.3.8.1; and/or a glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase classified under,
for example, EC 1.3.8.6 that degrade central metabolites and
central precursors leading to and including C7 building blocks can
be attenuated.
[0256] In some embodiments, endogenous enzymes activating C7
building blocks via Coenzyme A esterification such as CoA-ligases
such as pimeloyl-CoA synthetase classified under, for example, EC
6.2.1.14 can be attenuated.
[0257] In some embodiments, carbon flux can be directed into the
pentose phosphate cycle to increase the supply of NADPH by
attenuating an endogenous glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (EC
5.3.1.9).
[0258] In some embodiments, carbon flux can be redirected into the
pentose phosphate cycle to increase the supply of NADPH by
overexpression a 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and/or a
transketolase (Lee et al., 2003, Biotechnology Progress, 19(5),
1444-1449).
[0259] In some embodiments, where pathways require excess NADPH
co-factor in the synthesis of a C7 building block, a gene such as
UdhA encoding a puridine nucleotide transhydrogenase can be
overexpressed in the host organisms (Brigham et al., Advanced
Biofuels and Bioproducts, 2012, Chapter 39, 1065-1090).
[0260] In some embodiments, where pathways require excess NADPH
co-factor in the synthesis of a C7 Building Block, a recombinant
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase gene such as GapN can be
overexpressed in the host organisms (Brigham et al., 2012,
supra).
[0261] In some embodiments, where pathways require excess NADPH
co-factor in the synthesis of a C7 building block, a recombinant
malic enzyme gene such as maeA or maeB can be overexpressed in the
host organisms (Brigham et al., 2012, supra).
[0262] In some embodiments, where pathways require excess NADPH
co-factor in the synthesis of a C7 building block, a recombinant
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene such as zwf can be
overexpressed in the host organisms (Lim et al., J. Bioscience and
Bioengineering, 2002, 93(6), 543-549).
[0263] In some embodiments, where pathways require excess NADPH
co-factor in the synthesis of a C7 building block, a recombinant
fructose 1,6 diphosphatase gene such as fbp can be overexpressed in
the host organisms (Becker et al., J. Biotechnol., 2007,
132:99-109).
[0264] In some embodiments, where pathways require excess NADPH
co-factor in the synthesis of a C7 building block, endogenous
triose phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1) can be attenuated.
[0265] In some embodiments, where pathways require excess NADPH
co-factor in the synthesis of a C7 building block, a recombinant
glucose dehydrogenase such as the gene product of gdh can be
overexpressed in the host organism (Satoh et al., J. Bioscience and
Bioengineering, 2003, 95(4):335-341).
[0266] In some embodiments, endogenous enzymes facilitating the
conversion of NADPH to NADH can be attenuated, such as the NADH
generation cycle that may be generated via inter-conversion of
glutamate dehydrogenases classified under EC 1.4.1.2
(NADH-specific) and EC 1.4.1.4 (NADPH-specific). For example,
avoiding dissipation of an NADPH imbalance towards C7 building
blocks, a NADH-specific glutamate dehydrogenase can be
attenuated.
[0267] In some embodiments, an endogenous glutamate dehydrogenase
(EC 1.4.1.3) that utilizes both NADH and NADPH as co-factors can be
attenuated.
[0268] In some embodiments, a methanol dehydrogenase or a
formaldehyde dehydrogenase can be overexpressed in the host to
allow methanol catabolism via formate.
[0269] In some embodiments, a S-adenosylmethionine synthetase can
be overexpressed in the host to generate S-Adenosyl-L-methionine as
a co-factor for a fatty acid O-methyltransferase.
[0270] In some embodiments, one or more of 3-phosphoglycerate
dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoserine aminotransferase and phosphoserine
phosphatase can be overexpressed in the host to generate serine as
a methyl donor for the S-Adenosyl-L-methionine cycle.
[0271] In some embodiments, a membrane-bound enoyl-CoA reductases
can be solubilized via expression as a fusion protein to a small
soluble protein such as a maltose binding protein (Gloerich et al.,
FEBS Letters, 2006, 580, 2092-2096).
[0272] In some embodiments, the efflux of a C7 building block
across the cell membrane to the extracellular media can be enhanced
or amplified by genetically engineering structural modifications to
the cell membrane or increasing any associated transporter activity
for a C7 building block.
[0273] The efflux of heptamethylenediamine can be enhanced or
amplified by overexpressing broad substrate range multidrug
transporters such as Blt from Bacillus subtilis (Woolridge et al.,
1997, J. Biol. Chem., 272(14):8864-8866); AcrB and AcrD from
Escherichia coli (Elkins & Nikaido, 2002, J. Bacteriol.,
184(23), 6490-6499) or NorA from Staphylococcus aereus (Ng et al.,
1994, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 38(6), 1345-1355) or Bmr from
Bacillus subtilis (Neyfakh, 1992, Antimicrob Agents Chemother,
36(2), 484-485).
[0274] The efflux of 7-aminoheptanoate and heptamethylenediamine
can be enhanced or amplified by overexpressing the solute
transporters such as the lysE transporter from Corynebacterium
glutamicum (Bellmann et al., 2001, Microbiology, 147,
1765-1774).
[0275] The efflux of pimelic acid can be enhanced or amplified by
overexpressing a dicarboxylate transporter such as the SucE
transporter from Corynebacterium glutamicum (Huhn et al., Appl.
Microbiol. & Biotech., 89(2), 327-335).
Producing C7 Building Blocks Using a Recombinant Host
[0276] Typically, one or more C7 building blocks can be produced by
providing a host microorganism and culturing the provided
microorganism with a culture medium containing a suitable carbon
source as described above. In general, the culture media and/or
culture conditions can be such that the microorganisms grow to an
adequate density and produce a C7 building block efficiently. For
large-scale production processes, any method can be used such as
those described elsewhere (Manual of Industrial Microbiology and
Biotechnology, 2.sup.nd Edition, Editors: A. L. Demain and J. E.
Davies, ASM Press; and Principles of Fermentation Technology, P. F.
Stanbury and A. Whitaker, Pergamon). Briefly, a large tank (e.g., a
100 gallon, 200 gallon, 500 gallon, or more tank) containing an
appropriate culture medium is inoculated with a particular
microorganism. After inoculation, the microorganism is incubated to
allow biomass to be produced. Once a desired biomass is reached,
the broth containing the microorganisms can be transferred to a
second tank. This second tank can be any size. For example, the
second tank can be larger, smaller, or the same size as the first
tank. Typically, the second tank is larger than the first such that
additional culture medium can be added to the broth from the first
tank. In addition, the culture medium within this second tank can
be the same as, or different from, that used in the first tank.
[0277] Once transferred, the microorganisms can be incubated to
allow for the production of a C7 building block. Once produced, any
method can be used to isolate C7 building blocks. For example, C7
building blocks can be recovered selectively from the fermentation
broth via adsorption processes. In the case of pimelic acid and
7-aminoheptanoic acid, the resulting eluate can be further
concentrated via evaporation, crystallized via evaporative and/or
cooling crystallization, and the crystals recovered via
centrifugation. In the case of heptamethylenediamine and
1,7-heptanediol, distillation may be employed to achieve the
desired product purity.
[0278] Accordingly, the methods provided herein can be performed in
a recombinant host. In some embodiments, the methods provided
herein can be performed in a recombinant host by fermentation. In
some embodiments, the recombinant host is subjected to a
cultivation strategy under aerobic, anaerobic or, micro-aerobic
cultivation conditions. In some embodiments, the recombinant host
is cultured under conditions of nutrient limitation such as
phosphate, nitrogen and oxygen limitation. In some embodiments, the
recombinant host is retained using a ceramic membrane to maintain a
high cell density during fermentation.
[0279] In some embodiments, the principal carbon source fed to the
fermentation derives from biological or non-biological feedstocks.
In some embodiments, the biological feedstock is, or derives from,
monosaccharides, disaccharides, lignocellulose, hemicellulose,
cellulose, lignin, levulinic acid, formic acid, triglycerides,
glycerol, fatty acids, agricultural waste, condensed distillers'
solubles, or municipal waste. In some embodiments, the
non-biological feedstock is, or derives from, natural gas, syngas,
CO.sub.2/H.sub.2, methanol, ethanol, benzoate, non-volatile residue
(NVR) caustic wash waste stream from cyclohexane oxidation
processes, or terephthalic acid/isophthalic acid mixture waste
streams.
[0280] In some embodiments, the recombinant host is a prokaryote.
In some embodiments, the prokaryote is from the genus Escherichia
such as Escherichia coli; from the genus Clostridia such as
Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridium autoethanogenum or Clostridium
kluyveri; from the genus Corynebacteria such as Corynebacterium
glutamicum; from the genus Cupriavidus such as Cupriavidus necator
or Cupriavidus metallidurans; from the genus Pseudomonas such as
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida or Pseudomonas
oleavorans; from the genus Delftia acidovorans, from the genus
Bacillus such as Bacillus subtillis; from the genes Lactobacillus
such as Lactobacillus delbrueckii; from the genus Lactococcus such
as Lactococcus lactis; or from the genus Rhodococcus such as
Rhodococcus equi.
[0281] In some embodiments, the recombinant host is a eukaryote. In
some embodiments, the eukaryote is from the genus Aspergillus such
as Aspergillus niger; from the genus Saccharomyces such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; from the genus Pichia such as Pichia
pastoris; from the genus Yarrowia such as Yarrowia lipolytica, from
the genus Issatchenkia such as Issathenkia orientalis, from the
genus Debaryomyces such as Debaryomyces hansenii, from the genus
Arxula such as Arxula adenoinivorans, or from the genus
Kluyveromyces such as Kluyveromyces lactis.
[0282] In some embodiments, the recombinant host includes one or
more of the following polypeptides having attenuated activity:
polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase activity, acetyl-CoA thioesterase
activity, acetyl-CoA specific .beta.-ketothiolase activity,
phosphotransacetylase forming acetate activity, acetate kinase
activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, menaquinol-fumarate
oxidoreductase activity, 2-oxoacid decarboxylase producing
isobutanol, alcohol dehydrogenase activity forming ethanol, triose
phosphate isomerase activity, pyruvate decarboxylase activity,
glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activity, transhydrogenase activity
dissipating the NADPH imbalance, glutamate dehydrogenase activity
dissipating the NADPH imbalance, NADH/NADPH-utilizing glutamate
dehydrogenase activity, pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity;
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity accepting C7 building blocks and
central precursors as substrates; glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase
activity; or pimeloyl-CoA synthetase activity.
[0283] In some embodiments, the recombinant host overexpresses one
or more genes encoding a polypeptide having: acetyl-CoA synthetase
activity; transketolase activity; puridine nucleotide
transhydrogenase activity; formate dehydrogenase activity;
glyceraldehyde-3P-dehydrogenase activity; malic enzyme activity;
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity; fructose 1,6
diphosphatase activity; L-alanine dehydrogenase activity; PEP
carboxylase activity, pyruvate carboxylase activity; PEP
carboxykinase activity; PEP synthase activity; L-glutamate
dehydrogenase activity specific to the NADPH used to generate a
co-factor imbalance; methanol dehydrogenase activity, formaldehyde
dehydrogenase activity, lysine transporter activity; dicarboxylate
transporter activity; S-adenosylmethionine synthetase activity;
3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity; 3-phosphoserine
aminotransferase activity; phosphoserine phosphatase activity; or a
multidrug transporter activity.
[0284] The present document further provides a recombinant host
comprising at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding having (i)
.beta.-ketoacyl-[acp]synthase activity or .beta.-ketothiolase
activity, (ii) 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity, and
(iii) enoyl-CoA hydratase activity.
[0285] In some embodiments, the recombinant host further includes
one or more exogenous polypeptides having homocitrate synthase,
homocitrate dehydratase, homoaconitate hydratase, isohomocitrate
dehydrogenase, 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, glutaconate
CoA-transferase, or 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase activity.
[0286] In some embodiments, the recombinant host further includes
one or more exogenous polypeptides having glutarate semialdehyde
dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanedioate aldolase,
2-oxo-hept-3-ene-1,7-dioate hydratase, 2-enoate reductase,
2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, glutaconate CoA-transferase, or
2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase activity.
[0287] In some embodiments, the recombinant host further includes
one or more exogenous polypeptides having thioesterase, aldehyde
dehydrogenase, 7-oxoheptanoate dehydrogenase, 6-oxohexanoate
dehydrogenase, glutaconate CoA-transferase, reversible succinyl-CoA
ligase, acetylating aldehyde dehydrogenase, or carboxylate
reductase activity, the host further producing pimelic acid or
pimelate semialdehyde.
[0288] In some embodiments, the recombinant host further includes
an exogenous polypeptide having .omega.-transaminase activity, the
host further producing 7-aminoheptanoate.
[0289] In some embodiments, the recombinant host further includes
one or more exogenous polypeptides having 4-hydroxybutyrate
dehydrogenase, 5-hydroxypentanoate dehydrogenase,
6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase, or alcohol dehydrogenase
activity, the host further producing 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid.
[0290] In some embodiments, the recombinant host further includes
one or more exogenous polypeptides having .omega.-transaminase,
deacetylase, N-acetyl transferase, or alcohol dehydrogenase
activity, the host further producing heptamethylenediamine.
[0291] In some embodiments, the recombinant host further includes
one or more exogenous polypeptides having (a) carboxylate reductase
activity enhanced by phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity, or
(b) alcohol dehydrogenase activity, the host further producing
1,7-heptanediol.
[0292] The invention is further described in the following
examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described
in the claims.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Enzyme Activity of Thioesterases Using Pimeloyl-CoA as a Substrate
and Forming Pimelic Acid
[0293] A sequence encoding an N-terminal His tag was added to the
tesB gene from Escherichia coli that encodes a thioesterase (SEQ ID
NO: 21, see FIG. 9), such that an N-terminal HIS tagged
thioesterase could be produced. The modified tesB gene was cloned
into a pET15b expression vector under control of the T7 promoter.
The expression vector was transformed into a BL21[DE3] E. coli
host. The resulting recombinant E. coli strain was cultivated at
37.degree. C. in a 500 mL shake flask culture containing 50 mL
Luria Broth (LB) media and antibiotic selection pressure, with
shaking at 230 rpm. The culture was induced overnight at 17.degree.
C. using 0.5 mM IPTG.
[0294] The pellet from the induced shake flask culture was
harvested via centrifugation. The pellet was resuspended and lysed
in Y-per.TM. solution (ThermoScientific, Rockford, Ill.). The cell
debris was separated from the supernatant via centrifugation. The
thioesterase was purified from the supernatant using Ni-affinity
chromatography and the eluate was buffer exchanged and concentrated
via ultrafiltration.
[0295] The enzyme activity assay was performed in triplicate in a
buffer composed of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH=7.4), 0.1 mM Ellman's
reagent, and 667 .mu.M of pimeloyl-CoA (as substrate). The enzyme
activity assay reaction was initiated by adding 0.8 .mu.M of the
tesB gene product to the assay buffer containing the pimeloyl-CoA
and incubating at 37.degree. C. for 20 minutes. The release of
Coenzyme A was monitored by absorbance at 412 nm. The absorbance
associated with the substrate only control, which contained boiled
enzyme, was subtracted from the active enzyme assay absorbance and
compared to the empty vector control. The gene product of tesB
accepted pimeloyl-CoA as substrate as confirmed via relative
spectrophotometry (see, FIG. 10) and synthesized pimelate as a
reaction product.
Example 2
Enzyme Activity of .omega.-Transaminase Using Pimelate Semialdehyde
as Substrate and Forming 7-Aminoheptanoate
[0296] A sequence encoding an N-terminal His-tag was added to the
genes from Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas syringae,
Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Vibrio fluvialis encoding the
.omega.-transaminases of SEQ ID NOs: 13, 15, 16, and 18,
respectively (see, FIG. 9) such that N-terminal HIS tagged
.omega.-transaminases could be produced. Each of the resulting
modified genes was cloned into a pET21a expression vector under
control of the T7 promoter and each expression vector was
transformed into a BL21[DE3] E. coli host. The resulting
recombinant E. coli strains were cultivated at 37.degree. C. in a
250 mL shake flask culture containing 50 mL LB media and antibiotic
selection pressure, with shaking at 230 rpm. Each culture was
induced overnight at 16.degree. C. using 1 mM IPTG.
[0297] The pellet from each induced shake flask culture was
harvested via centrifugation. Each pellet was resuspended and lysed
via sonication. The cell debris was separated from the supernatant
via centrifugation and the cell free extract was used immediately
in enzyme activity assays.
[0298] Enzyme activity assays in the reverse direction (i.e.,
7-aminoheptanoate to pimelate semialdehyde) were performed in a
buffer composed of a final concentration of 50 mM HEPES buffer
(pH=7.5), 10 mM 7-aminoheptanoate, 10 mM pyruvate and 100 .mu.M
pyridoxyl 5' phosphate. Each enzyme activity assay reaction was
initiated by adding cell free extract of the .omega.-transaminase
gene product or the empty vector control to the assay buffer
containing the 7-aminoheptanoate and incubated at 25.degree. C. for
4 hours, with shaking at 250 rpm. The formation of L-alanine from
pyruvate was quantified via RP-HPLC.
[0299] Each enzyme only control without 7-aminoheptanoate
demonstrated low base line conversion of pyruvate to L-alanine See,
FIG. 16. The gene product of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID
NO: 16, and SEQ ID NO: 18 accepted 7-aminoheptanote as substrate as
confirmed against the empty vector control. See, FIG. 17.
[0300] Enzyme activity in the forward direction (i.e., pimelate
semialdehyde to 7-aminoheptanoate) was confirmed for the
transaminases of SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, and SEQ ID NO: 18.
Enzyme activity assays were performed in a buffer composed of a
final concentration of 50 mM HEPES buffer (pH=7.5), 10 mM pimelate
semialdehyde, 10 mM L-alanine and 100 .mu.M pyridoxyl 5' phosphate.
Each enzyme activity assay reaction was initiated by adding a cell
free extract of the .omega.-transaminase gene product or the empty
vector control to the assay buffer containing the pimelate
semialdehyde and incubated at 25.degree. C. for 4 hours, with
shaking at 250 rpm. The formation of pyruvate was quantified via
RP-HPLC.
[0301] The gene product of SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, and SEQ ID
NO: 18 accepted pimelate semialdehyde as substrate as confirmed
against the empty vector control. See, FIG. 18. The reversibility
of the .omega.-transaminase activity was confirmed, demonstrating
that the .omega.-transaminases of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ
ID NO: 16, and SEQ ID NO: 18 accepted pimelate semialdehyde as
substrate and synthesized 7-aminoheptanoate as a reaction
product.
Example 3
Enzyme Activity of Carboxylate Reductase Using Pimelate as
Substrate and Forming Pimelate Semialdehyde
[0302] A sequence encoding a HIS-tag was added to the genes from
Segniliparus rugosus and Segniliparus rotundus that encode the
carboxylate reductases of SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 12, respectively (see
FIG. 9), such that N-terminal HIS tagged carboxylate reductases
could be produced. Each of the modified genes was cloned into a pET
Duet expression vector along with a sfp gene encoding a HIS-tagged
phosphopantetheine transferase from Bacillus subtilis, both under
the T7 promoter. Each expression vector was transformed into a
BL21[DE3] E. coli host and the resulting recombinant E. coli
strains were cultivated at 37.degree. C. in a 250 mL shake flask
culture containing 50 mL LB media and antibiotic selection
pressure, with shaking at 230 rpm. Each culture was induced
overnight at 37.degree. C. using an auto-induction media.
[0303] The pellet from each induced shake flask culture was
harvested via centrifugation. Each pellet was resuspended and lysed
via sonication, and the cell debris was separated from the
supernatant via centrifugation. The carboxylate reductases and
phosphopantetheine transferases were purified from the supernatant
using Ni-affinity chromatography, diluted 10-fold into 50 mM HEPES
buffer (pH=7.5), and concentrated via ultrafiltration.
[0304] Enzyme activity assays (i.e., from pimelate to pimelate
semialdehyde) were performed in triplicate in a buffer composed of
a final concentration of 50 mM HEPES buffer (pH=7.5), 2 mM
pimelate, 10 mM MgCl.sub.2, 1 mM ATP and 1 mM NADPH. Each enzyme
activity assay reaction was initiated by adding purified
carboxylate reductase and phosphopantetheine transferase gene
products or the empty vector control to the assay buffer containing
the pimelate and then incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes.
The consumption of NADPH was monitored by absorbance at 340 nm.
Each enzyme only control without pimelate demonstrated low base
line consumption of NADPH. See, FIG. 11.
[0305] The gene products of SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 12,
enhanced by the gene product of sfp, accepted pimelate as
substrate, as confirmed against the empty vector control (see FIG.
12), and synthesized pimelate semialdehyde.
Example 4
Enzyme Activity of Carboxylate Reductase Using 7-Hydroxyheptanoate
as Substrate and Forming 7-Hydroxyheptanal
[0306] A sequence encoding a His-tag was added to the genes from
Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Segniliparus
rugosus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium massiliense, and
Segniliparus rotundus that encode the carboxylate reductases of SEQ
ID NOs: 7 to 12--respectively (see, FIG. 9) such that N-terminal
HIS tagged carboxylate reductases could be produced. Each of the
modified genes was cloned into a pET Duet expression vector
alongside a sfp gene encoding a His-tagged phosphopantetheine
transferase from Bacillus subtilis, both under control of the T7
promoter.
[0307] Each expression vector was transformed into a BL21[DE3] E.
coli host and the resulting recombinant E. coli strains were
cultivated at 37.degree. C. in a 250 mL shake flask culture
containing 50 mL LB media and antibiotic selection pressure, with
shaking at 230 rpm. Each culture was induced overnight at
37.degree. C. using an auto-induction media.
[0308] The pellet from each induced shake flask culture was
harvested via centrifugation. Each pellet was resuspended and lysed
via sonication. The cell debris was separated from the supernatant
via centrifugation. The carboxylate reductases and
phosphopantetheine transferase were purified from the supernatant
using Ni-affinity chromatography, diluted 10-fold into 50 mM HEPES
buffer (pH=7.5) and concentrated via ultrafiltration.
[0309] Enzyme activity (i.e., 7-hydroxyheptanoate to
7-hydroxyheptanal) assays were performed in triplicate in a buffer
composed of a final concentration of 50 mM HEPES buffer (pH=7.5), 2
mM 7-hydroxyheptanoate, 10 mM MgCl.sub.2, 1 mM ATP, and 1 mM NADPH.
Each enzyme activity assay reaction was initiated by adding
purified carboxylate reductase and phosphopantetheine transferase
or the empty vector control to the assay buffer containing the
7-hydroxyheptanoate and then incubated at room temperature for 20
min. The consumption of NADPH was monitored by absorbance at 340
nm. Each enzyme only control without 7-hydroxyheptanoate
demonstrated low base line consumption of NADPH. See, FIG. 11.
[0310] The gene products of SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 12, enhanced by the
gene product of sfp, accepted 7-hydroxyheptanoate as substrate as
confirmed against the empty vector control (see, FIG. 13), and
synthesized 7-hydroxyheptanal.
Example 5
Enzyme Activity of .omega.-Transaminase for 7-Aminoheptanol,
Forming 7-Oxoheptanol
[0311] A nucleotide sequence encoding an N-terminal His-tag was
added to the Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas syringae and
Rhodobacter sphaeroides genes encoding the .omega.-transaminases of
SEQ ID NOs: 13, 15, and 16, respectively (see, FIG. 9) such that
N-terminal HIS tagged .omega.-transaminases could be produced. The
modified genes were cloned into a pET21a expression vector under
the T7 promoter. Each expression vector was transformed into a
BL21[DE3] E. coli host. Each resulting recombinant E. coli strain
were cultivated at 37.degree. C. in a 250 mL shake flask culture
containing 50 mL LB media and antibiotic selection pressure, with
shaking at 230 rpm. Each culture was induced overnight at
16.degree. C. using 1 mM IPTG.
[0312] The pellet from each induced shake flask culture was
harvested via centrifugation. Each pellet was resuspended and lysed
via sonication. The cell debris was separated from the supernatant
via centrifugation and the cell free extract was used immediately
in enzyme activity assays.
[0313] Enzyme activity assays in the reverse direction (i.e.,
7-aminoheptanol to 7-oxoheptanol) were performed in a buffer
composed of a final concentration of 50 mM HEPES buffer (pH=7.5),
10 mM 7-aminoheptanol, 10 mM pyruvate, and 100 .mu.M pyridoxyl 5'
phosphate. Each enzyme activity assay reaction was initiated by
adding cell free extract of the .omega.-transaminase gene product
or the empty vector control to the assay buffer containing the
7-aminoheptanol and then incubated at 25.degree. C. for 4 hours,
with shaking at 250 rpm. The formation of L-alanine was quantified
via RP-HPLC.
[0314] Each enzyme only control without 7-aminoheptanol had low
base line conversion of pyruvate to L-alanine See, FIG. 16.
[0315] The gene products of SEQ ID NOs: 13, 15, and 16 accepted
7-aminoheptanol as substrate as confirmed against the empty vector
control (see FIG. 21) and synthesized 7-oxoheptanol as reaction
product. Given the reversibility of the .omega.-transaminase
activity (see Example 2), it can be concluded that the gene
products of SEQ ID NOs.: 13, 15, and 16 accept 7-oxoheptanol as
substrate and form 7-aminoheptanol.
Example 6
Enzyme Activity of .omega.-Transaminase Using Heptamethylenediamine
as Substrate and Forming 7-Aminoheptanal
[0316] A sequence encoding an N-terminal His-tag was added to the
Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas
syringae, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio
fluvialis genes encoding the .omega.-transaminases of SEQ ID NOs:
13 to 18, respectively (see, FIG. 9) such that N-terminal HIS
tagged .omega.-transaminases could be produced. The modified genes
were cloned into a pET21a expression vector under the T7 promoter.
Each expression vector was transformed into a BL21[DE3] E. coli
host. Each resulting recombinant E. coli strain were cultivated at
37.degree. C. in a 250 mL shake flask culture containing 50 mL LB
media and antibiotic selection pressure, with shaking at 230 rpm.
Each culture was induced overnight at 16.degree. C. using 1 mM
IPTG.
[0317] The pellet from each induced shake flask culture was
harvested via centrifugation. Each pellet was resuspended and lysed
via sonication. The cell debris was separated from the supernatant
via centrifugation and the cell free extract was used immediately
in enzyme activity assays.
[0318] Enzyme activity assays in the reverse direction (i.e.,
heptamethylenediamine to 7-aminoheptanal) were performed in a
buffer composed of a final concentration of 50 mM HEPES buffer
(pH=7.5), 10 mM heptamethylenediamine, 10 mM pyruvate, and 100
.mu.M pyridoxyl 5' phosphate. Each enzyme activity assay reaction
was initiated by adding cell free extract of the
.omega.-transaminase gene product or the empty vector control to
the assay buffer containing the heptamethylenediamine and then
incubated at 25.degree. C. for 4 hours, with shaking at 250 rpm.
The formation of L-alanine was quantified via RP-HPLC.
[0319] Each enzyme only control without heptamethylenediamine had
low base line conversion of pyruvate to L-alanine. See, FIG.
16.
[0320] The gene products of SEQ ID NOs: 13 to 18 accepted
heptamethylenediamine as substrate as confirmed against the empty
vector control (see, FIG. 19) and synthesized 7-aminoheptanal as
reaction product. Given the reversibility of the
.omega.-transaminase activity (see Example 2), it can be concluded
that the gene products of SEQ ID NOs: 13 to 18 accept
7-aminoheptanal as substrate and form heptamethylenediamine.
Example 7
Enzyme Activity of Carboxylate Reductase for
N7-Acetyl-7-Aminoheptanoate, Forming N7-Acetyl-7-Aminoheptanal
[0321] The activity of each of the N-terminal His-tagged
carboxylate reductases of SEQ ID NOs: 8, 11, and 12 (see Example 4,
and FIG. 9) for converting N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanoate to
N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanal was assayed in triplicate in a buffer
composed of a final concentration of 50 mM HEPES buffer (pH=7.5), 2
mM N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanoate, 10 mM MgCl.sub.2, 1 mM ATP, and 1
mM NADPH. The assays were initiated by adding purified carboxylate
reductase and phosphopantetheine transferase or the empty vector
control to the assay buffer containing the
N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanoate then incubated at room temperature for
20 minutes. The consumption of NADPH was monitored by absorbance at
340 nm. Each enzyme only control without
N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanoate demonstrated low base line consumption
of NADPH. See, FIG. 11.
[0322] The gene products of SEQ ID NOs: 8, 11, and 12 enhanced by
the gene product of sfp, accepted N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanoate as
substrate as confirmed against the empty vector control (see, FIG.
14), and synthesized N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanal.
Example 8
Enzyme Activity of .omega.-Transaminase Using
N7-Acetyl-1,7-Diaminoheptane, and Forming
N7-Acetyl-7-Aminoheptanal
[0323] The activity of the N-terminal His-tagged
.omega.-transaminases of SEQ ID NOs: 13 to 18 (see, Example 6, and
FIG. 9) for converting N7-acetyl-1,7-diaminoheptane to
N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanal was assayed using a buffer composed of a
final concentration of 50 mM HEPES buffer (pH=7.5), 10 mM
N7-acetyl-1,7-diaminoheptane, 10 mM pyruvate and 100 .mu.M
pyridoxyl 5' phosphate. Each enzyme activity assay reaction was
initiated by adding a cell free extract of the .omega.-transaminase
or the empty vector control to the assay buffer containing the
N7-acetyl-1,7-diaminoheptane then incubated at 25.degree. C. for 4
hours, with shaking at 250 rpm. The formation of L-alanine was
quantified via RP-HPLC.
[0324] Each enzyme only control without
N7-acetyl-1,7-diaminoheptane demonstrated low base line conversion
of pyruvate to L-alanine. See, FIG. 16.
[0325] The gene product of SEQ ID NOs: 13 to 18 accepted
N7-acetyl-1,7-diaminoheptane as substrate as confirmed against the
empty vector control (see FIG. 20) and synthesized
N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanal as reaction product.
[0326] Given the reversibility of the .omega.-transaminase activity
(see example 2), the gene products of SEQ ID NOs: 13 to 18 accept
N7-acetyl-7-aminoheptanal as substrate forming
N7-acetyl-1,7-diaminoheptane.
Example 9
Enzyme Activity of Carboxylate Reductase Using Pimelate
Semialdehyde as Substrate and Forming Heptanedial
[0327] The N-terminal His-tagged carboxylate reductase of SEQ ID
NO: 12 (see, Example 4 and FIG. 9) was assayed using pimelate
semialdehyde as substrate. The enzyme activity assay was performed
in triplicate in a buffer composed of a final concentration of 50
mM HEPES buffer (pH=7.5), 2 mM pimelate semialdehyde, 10 mM
MgCl.sub.2, 1 mM ATP and 1 mM NADPH. The enzyme activity assay
reaction was initiated by adding purified carboxylate reductase and
phosphopantetheine transferase or the empty vector control to the
assay buffer containing the pimelate semialdehyde and then
incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes. The consumption of
NADPH was monitored by absorbance at 340 nm. The enzyme only
control without pimelate semialdehyde demonstrated low base line
consumption of NADPH. See, FIG. 11.
[0328] The gene product of SEQ ID NO: 12, enhanced by the gene
product of sfp, accepted pimelate semialdehyde as substrate as
confirmed against the empty vector control (see, FIG. 15) and
synthesized heptanedial.
Example 10
Enzyme Activity of Pimeloyl-[acp]Methylester Methylesterase Using
Pimeloyl-CoA Methyl Ester as Substrate and Forming Pimeloyl-CoA
[0329] A nucleotide sequence encoding a C-terminal His-tag was
added to the gene from Escherichia coli encoding the
pimeloyl-[acp]methylester methylesterase of SEQ ID NO: 6 (see, FIG.
9) such that a C-terminal HIS tagged pimeloyl-[acp]methyl ester
methylesterase could be produced. The resulting modified gene was
cloned into a pET28b+ expression vector under control of the T7
promoter and the expression vector was transformed into a BL21[DE3]
E. coli host. The resulting recombinant E. coli strain was
cultivated at 37.degree. C. in a 500 mL shake flask culture
containing 100 mL LB media and antibiotic selection pressure, with
shaking at 230 rpm. Each culture was induced overnight at
18.degree. C. using 0.3 mM IPTG.
[0330] The pellet from each induced shake flask culture was
harvested via centrifugation. Each pellet was resuspended and lysed
via sonication. The cell debris was separated from the supernatant
via centrifugation. The pimeloyl-[acp]methyl ester methylesterase
was purified from the supernatant using Ni-affinity chromatography,
buffer exchanged and concentrated into 20 mM HEPES buffer (pH=7.5)
via ultrafiltration and stored at 4.degree. C.
[0331] Enzyme activity assays converting pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester
to pimeloyl-CoA were performed in triplicate in a buffer composed
of a final concentration of 25 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH=7.0) and 5
[mM] pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester. The enzyme activity assay reaction
was initiated by adding pimeloyl-[acp]methyl ester methylesterase
to a final concentration of 10 [.mu.M] to the assay buffer
containing the pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester and incubated at
30.degree. C. for 1 hour, with shaking at 250 rpm. The formation of
pimeloyl-CoA was quantified via LC-MS.
[0332] The substrate only control without enzyme demonstrated no
conversion of the substrate pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester to
pimeloyl-CoA. See, FIG. 22. The pimeloyl-[acp]methyl ester
methylesterase of SEQ ID NO: 6 accepted pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester
as substrate and synthesized pimeloyl-CoA as reaction product as
confirmed via LC-MS. See, FIG. 22.
Example 11
Enzyme Activity of .beta.-Ketothiolases Using Glutaryl-CoA and
Acetyl-CoA as Substrates and Forming 3-Ketopimeloyl-CoA
[0333] A nucleotide sequence encoding a N-terminal His-tag was
added to the gene from Pseudomonas reinekei MT1, Pseudomonas
putida, Burkholderia xenovorans, Arthrobacter sp., Burkholderia
xenovorans, Geobacillus kaustophilus, Gordonia bronchialis,
Citrobacter freundii, Burkholderia sp., Beijerinckia indica,
Arthrobacter arilaitensis, Cupriavidus necator and Escherichia coli
encoding the .beta.-ketothiolase of SEQ ID NOs: 28 to 40 (see, FIG.
9) such that a N-terminal HIS tagged .beta.-ketothiolase could be
produced. The resulting modified gene was cloned into a pET15b
expression vector under control of the T7 promoter and the
expression vector was transformed into a BL21[DE3] E. coli host.
The resulting recombinant E. coli strain was cultivated at
37.degree. C. in a 1 L shake flask culture containing 350 mL LB
media and ampicilin antibiotic selection pressure, with shaking at
230 rpm. Each culture was induced overnight at 25.degree. C. using
1 mM IPTG.
[0334] The pellet from each induced shake flask culture was
harvested via centrifugation. Each pellet was resuspended and lysed
via sonication. The cell debris was separated from the supernatant
via centrifugation. The .beta.-ketothiolase was purified from the
supernatant using Ni-affinity chromatography, buffer exchanged and
concentrated into 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH=6.8) via
ultrafiltration.
[0335] Enzyme activity assays converting glutaryl-CoA and
acetyl-CoA to 3-ketopimeloyl-CoA were performed in triplicate in a
buffer composed of a final concentration of 50 mM potassium
phosphate buffer (pH=6.8) and 1 mM glutaryl-CoA and 1 mM
acetyl-CoA. The enzyme activity assay reaction was initiated by
adding .beta.-ketothiolase to a final concentration of 7 [.mu.M] to
the assay buffer containing the 1 mM glutaryl-CoA and 1 mM
acetyl-CoA and incubated at 30.degree. C. for three hours, with
gentle shaking. The formation of 3-ketopimeloyl-CoA was quantified
via LC-MS.
[0336] The substrate only control without enzyme demonstrated no
conversion of the substrate pimeloyl-CoA methyl ester to
pimeloyl-CoA. See, FIG. 23. The .beta.-ketothiolase of SEQ ID NOs:
28 to 40 accepted glutaryl-CoA and acetyl-CoA as substrates and
synthesized 3-ketopimeloyl-CoA as reaction product as confirmed via
LC-MS against the empty vector control. See, FIG. 23.
OTHER EMBODIMENTS
[0337] It is to be understood that while the invention has been
described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the
foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the
scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the
appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are
within the scope of the following claims.
Sequence CWU 1
1
401368PRTMycobacterium marinum 1Met Pro Arg Glu Ile Arg Leu Pro Glu
Ser Ser Val Val Val Arg Pro1 5 10 15 Ala Pro Met Glu Ser Ala Thr
Tyr Ser Gln Ser Ser Arg Leu Gln Ala 20 25 30 Ala Gly Leu Ser Pro
Ala Ile Thr Leu Phe Glu Lys Ala Ala Gln Thr 35 40 45 Val Pro Leu
Pro Asp Ala Pro Gln Pro Val Val Ile Ala Asp Tyr Gly 50 55 60 Val
Ala Thr Gly His Asn Ser Leu Lys Pro Met Met Ala Ala Ile Asn65 70 75
80 Ala Leu Arg Arg Arg Ile Arg Glu Asp Arg Ala Ile Met Val Ala His
85 90 95 Thr Asp Val Pro Asp Asn Asp Phe Thr Ala Leu Phe Arg Thr
Leu Ala 100 105 110 Asp Asp Pro Asp Ser Tyr Leu His His Asp Ser Ala
Ser Phe Ala Ser 115 120 125 Ala Val Gly Arg Ser Phe Tyr Thr Gln Ile
Leu Pro Ser Asn Thr Val 130 135 140 Ser Leu Gly Trp Ser Ser Trp Ala
Ile Gln Trp Leu Ser Arg Ile Pro145 150 155 160 Ala Gly Ala Pro Glu
Leu Thr Asp His Val Gln Val Ala Tyr Ser Lys 165 170 175 Asp Glu Arg
Ala Arg Ala Ala Tyr Ala His Gln Ala Ala Thr Asp Trp 180 185 190 Gln
Asp Phe Leu Ala Phe Arg Gly Arg Glu Leu Cys Pro Gly Gly Arg 195 200
205 Leu Val Val Leu Thr Met Ala Leu Asp Glu His Gly His Phe Gly Tyr
210 215 220 Arg Pro Met Asn Asp Ala Leu Val Ala Ala Leu Asn Asp Gln
Val Arg225 230 235 240 Asp Gly Leu Leu Arg Pro Glu Glu Leu Arg Arg
Met Ala Ile Pro Val 245 250 255 Val Ala Arg Ala Glu Lys Asp Leu Arg
Ala Pro Phe Ala Pro Arg Gly 260 265 270 Trp Phe Glu Gly Leu Thr Ile
Glu Gln Leu Asp Val Phe Asn Ala Glu 275 280 285 Asp Arg Phe Trp Ala
Ala Phe Gln Ser Asp Gly Asp Ala Glu Ser Phe 290 295 300 Gly Ala Gln
Trp Ala Gly Phe Ala Arg Ala Ala Leu Phe Pro Thr Leu305 310 315 320
Ala Ala Ala Leu Asp Cys Gly Thr Gly Asp Pro Arg Ala Thr Ala Phe 325
330 335 Ile Glu Gln Leu Glu Ala Ser Val Ala Asp Arg Leu Ala Ser Gln
Pro 340 345 350 Glu Pro Met Arg Ile Pro Leu Ala Ser Leu Val Leu Ala
Lys Arg Ala 355 360 365 2360PRTMycobacterium smegmatis 2Met Pro Lys
Phe Arg Val Ala Val Asp Pro Glu Pro Asp Asp Pro Thr1 5 10 15 Pro
Lys Met Arg Ala Pro Arg Pro His Ala Ala Gly Leu Asn Ser Ala 20 25
30 Ile Ala Leu Leu Glu Glu Ala Ala Arg Thr Val Pro Leu Pro Glu Ala
35 40 45 Pro Tyr Pro Ile Val Ile Ala Asp Tyr Gly Val Gly Thr Gly
Arg Asn 50 55 60 Ser Met Arg Pro Ile Ala Ala Ala Ile Ala Ala Leu
Arg Gly Arg Thr65 70 75 80 Arg Pro Glu His Ser Val Leu Val Thr His
Thr Asp Asn Ala Asp Asn 85 90 95 Asp Phe Thr Ala Val Phe Arg Gly
Leu Ala Asp Asn Pro Asp Ser Tyr 100 105 110 Leu Arg Arg Asp Thr Ser
Thr Tyr Pro Ser Ala Val Gly Arg Ser Phe 115 120 125 Tyr Thr Gln Ile
Leu Pro Ser Lys Ser Val His Val Gly Trp Ser Ala 130 135 140 Trp Ala
Ile Val Arg Val Gly Arg Met Pro Met Pro Val Pro Asp His145 150 155
160 Val Ala Ala Ser Phe Ser Gly Asp Pro Gln Val Val Ala Ala Tyr Ala
165 170 175 Arg Gln Ala Ala Phe Asp Trp His Glu Phe Val Ala Phe Arg
Gly Arg 180 185 190 Glu Leu Ala Ser Gly Ala Gln Leu Val Val Leu Thr
Ala Ala Leu Gly 195 200 205 Asp Asp Gly Asp Phe Gly Tyr Arg Pro Leu
Phe Ala Ala Val Met Asp 210 215 220 Thr Leu Arg Glu Leu Thr Ala Asp
Gly Val Leu Arg Gln Asp Glu Leu225 230 235 240 His Arg Met Ser Leu
Pro Ile Val Gly Arg Arg Ala Asn Asp Phe Met 245 250 255 Ala Pro Phe
Ala Pro Ser Gly Arg Phe Glu Arg Leu Ser Ile Ser His 260 265 270 Leu
Glu Val Tyr Asp Ala Glu Asp Val Ile Tyr Ser Ser Tyr Gln Lys 275 280
285 Asp Arg Asp Thr Asp Val Phe Gly Leu Arg Trp Ala Asp Phe Cys Arg
290 295 300 Phe Thr Phe Phe Ser Asp Leu Cys Thr Ala Leu Asp Asp Asp
Ala Ala305 310 315 320 Arg Cys Thr Gln Phe Gln Asp Arg Leu His Ala
Gly Ile Ala Ala Arg 325 330 335 Leu Ser Ala Gln Pro Glu Gln Met Arg
Ile Pro Leu Ala Gln Leu Val 340 345 350 Leu Glu Arg Arg Arg Arg Ser
Gly 355 360 3394PRTPseudomonas putida 3Met Leu Ala Gln Leu Pro Pro
Ala Leu Gln Ser Leu His Leu Pro Leu1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Lys Leu Trp
Asp Gly Asn Gln Phe Asp Leu Gly Pro Ser Pro 20 25 30 Gln Val Thr
Ile Leu Val Lys Glu Pro Gln Leu Ile Gly Gln Leu Thr 35 40 45 His
Pro Ser Met Glu Gln Leu Gly Thr Ala Phe Val Glu Gly Lys Leu 50 55
60 Glu Leu Glu Gly Asp Ile Gly Glu Ala Ile Arg Val Cys Asp Glu
Leu65 70 75 80 Ser Glu Ala Leu Phe Thr Asp Glu Asp Glu Gln Pro Pro
Glu Arg Arg 85 90 95 Ser His Asp Lys Arg Thr Asp Ala Glu Ala Ile
Ser Tyr His Tyr Asp 100 105 110 Val Ser Asn Ala Phe Tyr Gln Leu Trp
Leu Asp Gln Asp Met Ala Tyr 115 120 125 Ser Cys Ala Tyr Phe Arg Glu
Pro Asp Asn Thr Leu Asp Gln Ala Gln 130 135 140 Gln Asp Lys Phe Asp
His Leu Cys Arg Lys Leu Arg Leu Asn Ala Gly145 150 155 160 Asp Tyr
Leu Leu Asp Val Gly Cys Gly Trp Gly Gly Leu Ala Arg Phe 165 170 175
Ala Ala Arg Glu Tyr Asp Ala Lys Val Phe Gly Ile Thr Leu Ser Lys 180
185 190 Glu Gln Leu Lys Leu Gly Arg Gln Arg Val Lys Ala Glu Gly Leu
Thr 195 200 205 Asp Lys Val Asp Leu Gln Ile Leu Asp Tyr Arg Asp Leu
Pro Gln Asp 210 215 220 Gly Arg Phe Asp Lys Val Val Ser Val Gly Met
Phe Glu His Val Gly225 230 235 240 His Ala Asn Leu Ala Leu Tyr Cys
Gln Lys Leu Phe Gly Ala Val Arg 245 250 255 Glu Gly Gly Leu Val Met
Asn His Gly Ile Thr Ala Lys His Val Asp 260 265 270 Gly Arg Pro Val
Gly Arg Gly Ala Gly Glu Phe Ile Asp Arg Tyr Val 275 280 285 Phe Pro
His Gly Glu Leu Pro His Leu Ser Met Ile Ser Ala Ser Ile 290 295 300
Cys Glu Ala Gly Leu Glu Val Val Asp Val Glu Ser Leu Arg Leu His305
310 315 320 Tyr Ala Lys Thr Leu His His Trp Ser Glu Asn Leu Glu Asn
Gln Leu 325 330 335 His Lys Ala Ala Ala Leu Val Pro Glu Lys Thr Leu
Arg Ile Trp Arg 340 345 350 Leu Tyr Leu Ala Gly Cys Ala Tyr Ala Phe
Glu Lys Gly Trp Ile Asn 355 360 365 Leu His Gln Ile Leu Ala Val Lys
Pro Tyr Ala Asp Gly His His Asp 370 375 380 Leu Pro Trp Thr Arg Glu
Asp Met Tyr Arg385 390 4246PRTLactobacillus brevis 4Met Ala Ala Asn
Glu Phe Ser Glu Thr His Arg Val Val Tyr Tyr Glu1 5 10 15 Ala Asp
Asp Thr Gly Gln Leu Thr Leu Ala Met Leu Ile Asn Leu Phe 20 25 30
Val Leu Val Ser Glu Asp Gln Asn Asp Ala Leu Gly Leu Ser Thr Ala 35
40 45 Phe Val Gln Ser His Gly Val Gly Trp Val Val Thr Gln Tyr His
Leu 50 55 60 His Ile Asp Glu Leu Pro Arg Thr Gly Ala Gln Val Thr
Ile Lys Thr65 70 75 80 Arg Ala Thr Ala Tyr Asn Arg Tyr Phe Ala Tyr
Arg Glu Tyr Trp Leu 85 90 95 Leu Asp Asp Ala Gly Gln Val Leu Ala
Tyr Gly Glu Gly Ile Trp Val 100 105 110 Thr Met Ser Tyr Ala Thr Arg
Lys Ile Thr Thr Ile Pro Ala Glu Val 115 120 125 Met Ala Pro Tyr His
Ser Glu Glu Gln Thr Arg Leu Pro Arg Leu Pro 130 135 140 Arg Pro Asp
His Phe Asp Glu Ala Val Asn Gln Thr Leu Lys Pro Tyr145 150 155 160
Thr Val Arg Tyr Phe Asp Ile Asp Gly Asn Gly His Val Asn Asn Ala 165
170 175 His Tyr Phe Asp Trp Met Leu Asp Val Leu Pro Ala Thr Phe Leu
Arg 180 185 190 Ala His His Pro Thr Asp Val Lys Ile Arg Phe Glu Asn
Glu Val Gln 195 200 205 Tyr Gly His Gln Val Thr Ser Glu Leu Ser Gln
Ala Ala Ala Leu Thr 210 215 220 Thr Gln His Met Ile Lys Val Gly Asp
Leu Thr Ala Val Lys Ala Thr225 230 235 240 Ile Gln Trp Asp Asn Arg
245 5261PRTLactobacillus plantarum 5Met Ala Thr Leu Gly Ala Asn Ala
Ser Leu Tyr Ser Glu Gln His Arg1 5 10 15 Ile Thr Tyr Tyr Glu Cys
Asp Arg Thr Gly Arg Ala Thr Leu Thr Thr 20 25 30 Leu Ile Asp Ile
Ala Val Leu Ala Ser Glu Asp Gln Ser Asp Ala Leu 35 40 45 Gly Leu
Thr Thr Glu Met Val Gln Ser His Gly Val Gly Trp Val Val 50 55 60
Thr Gln Tyr Ala Ile Asp Ile Thr Arg Met Pro Arg Gln Asp Glu Val65
70 75 80 Val Thr Ile Ala Val Arg Gly Ser Ala Tyr Asn Pro Tyr Phe
Ala Tyr 85 90 95 Arg Glu Phe Trp Ile Arg Asp Ala Asp Gly Gln Gln
Leu Ala Tyr Ile 100 105 110 Thr Ser Ile Trp Val Met Met Ser Gln Thr
Thr Arg Arg Ile Val Lys 115 120 125 Ile Leu Pro Glu Leu Val Ala Pro
Tyr Gln Ser Glu Val Val Lys Arg 130 135 140 Ile Pro Arg Leu Pro Arg
Pro Ile Ser Phe Glu Ala Thr Asp Thr Thr145 150 155 160 Ile Thr Lys
Pro Tyr His Val Arg Phe Phe Asp Ile Asp Pro Asn Arg 165 170 175 His
Val Asn Asn Ala His Tyr Phe Asp Trp Leu Val Asp Thr Leu Pro 180 185
190 Ala Thr Phe Leu Leu Gln His Asp Leu Val His Val Asp Val Arg Tyr
195 200 205 Glu Asn Glu Val Lys Tyr Gly Gln Thr Val Thr Ala His Ala
Asn Ile 210 215 220 Leu Pro Ser Glu Val Ala Asp Gln Val Thr Thr Ser
His Leu Ile Glu225 230 235 240 Val Asp Asp Glu Lys Cys Cys Glu Val
Thr Ile Gln Trp Arg Thr Leu 245 250 255 Pro Glu Pro Ile Gln 260
6256PRTEscherichia coli 6Met Asn Asn Ile Trp Trp Gln Thr Lys Gly
Gln Gly Asn Val His Leu1 5 10 15 Val Leu Leu His Gly Trp Gly Leu
Asn Ala Glu Val Trp Arg Cys Ile 20 25 30 Asp Glu Glu Leu Ser Ser
His Phe Thr Leu His Leu Val Asp Leu Pro 35 40 45 Gly Phe Gly Arg
Ser Arg Gly Phe Gly Ala Leu Ser Leu Ala Asp Met 50 55 60 Ala Glu
Ala Val Leu Gln Gln Ala Pro Asp Lys Ala Ile Trp Leu Gly65 70 75 80
Trp Ser Leu Gly Gly Leu Val Ala Ser Gln Ile Ala Leu Thr His Pro 85
90 95 Glu Arg Val Gln Ala Leu Val Thr Val Ala Ser Ser Pro Cys Phe
Ser 100 105 110 Ala Arg Asp Glu Trp Pro Gly Ile Lys Pro Asp Val Leu
Ala Gly Phe 115 120 125 Gln Gln Gln Leu Ser Asp Asp Phe Gln Arg Thr
Val Glu Arg Phe Leu 130 135 140 Ala Leu Gln Thr Met Gly Thr Glu Thr
Ala Arg Gln Asp Ala Arg Ala145 150 155 160 Leu Lys Lys Thr Val Leu
Ala Leu Pro Met Pro Glu Val Asp Val Leu 165 170 175 Asn Gly Gly Leu
Glu Ile Leu Lys Thr Val Asp Leu Arg Gln Pro Leu 180 185 190 Gln Asn
Val Ser Met Pro Phe Leu Arg Leu Tyr Gly Tyr Leu Asp Gly 195 200 205
Leu Val Pro Arg Lys Val Val Pro Met Leu Asp Lys Leu Trp Pro His 210
215 220 Ser Glu Ser Tyr Ile Phe Ala Lys Ala Ala His Ala Pro Phe Ile
Ser225 230 235 240 His Pro Ala Glu Phe Cys His Leu Leu Val Ala Leu
Lys Gln Arg Val 245 250 255 71174PRTMycobacterium marinum 7Met Ser
Pro Ile Thr Arg Glu Glu Arg Leu Glu Arg Arg Ile Gln Asp1 5 10 15
Leu Tyr Ala Asn Asp Pro Gln Phe Ala Ala Ala Lys Pro Ala Thr Ala 20
25 30 Ile Thr Ala Ala Ile Glu Arg Pro Gly Leu Pro Leu Pro Gln Ile
Ile 35 40 45 Glu Thr Val Met Thr Gly Tyr Ala Asp Arg Pro Ala Leu
Ala Gln Arg 50 55 60 Ser Val Glu Phe Val Thr Asp Ala Gly Thr Gly
His Thr Thr Leu Arg65 70 75 80 Leu Leu Pro His Phe Glu Thr Ile Ser
Tyr Gly Glu Leu Trp Asp Arg 85 90 95 Ile Ser Ala Leu Ala Asp Val
Leu Ser Thr Glu Gln Thr Val Lys Pro 100 105 110 Gly Asp Arg Val Cys
Leu Leu Gly Phe Asn Ser Val Asp Tyr Ala Thr 115 120 125 Ile Asp Met
Thr Leu Ala Arg Leu Gly Ala Val Ala Val Pro Leu Gln 130 135 140 Thr
Ser Ala Ala Ile Thr Gln Leu Gln Pro Ile Val Ala Glu Thr Gln145 150
155 160 Pro Thr Met Ile Ala Ala Ser Val Asp Ala Leu Ala Asp Ala Thr
Glu 165 170 175 Leu Ala Leu Ser Gly Gln Thr Ala Thr Arg Val Leu Val
Phe Asp His 180 185 190 His Arg Gln Val Asp Ala His Arg Ala Ala Val
Glu Ser Ala Arg Glu 195 200 205 Arg Leu Ala Gly Ser Ala Val Val Glu
Thr Leu Ala Glu Ala Ile Ala 210 215 220 Arg Gly Asp Val Pro Arg Gly
Ala Ser Ala Gly Ser Ala Pro Gly Thr225 230 235 240 Asp Val Ser Asp
Asp Ser Leu Ala Leu Leu Ile Tyr Thr Ser Gly Ser 245 250 255 Thr Gly
Ala Pro Lys Gly Ala Met Tyr Pro Arg Arg Asn Val Ala Thr 260 265 270
Phe Trp Arg Lys Arg Thr Trp Phe Glu Gly Gly Tyr Glu Pro Ser Ile 275
280 285 Thr Leu Asn Phe Met Pro Met Ser His Val Met Gly Arg Gln Ile
Leu 290 295 300 Tyr Gly Thr Leu Cys Asn Gly Gly Thr Ala Tyr Phe Val
Ala Lys Ser305 310 315 320 Asp Leu Ser Thr Leu Phe Glu Asp Leu Ala
Leu Val Arg Pro Thr Glu 325 330 335 Leu Thr Phe Val Pro Arg Val Trp
Asp Met Val Phe Asp Glu Phe Gln 340 345 350 Ser Glu Val Asp Arg Arg
Leu Val Asp Gly Ala Asp Arg Val Ala Leu 355 360 365 Glu Ala Gln Val
Lys Ala Glu Ile Arg Asn Asp Val Leu Gly Gly Arg 370 375 380 Tyr Thr
Ser Ala Leu Thr Gly Ser Ala Pro Ile Ser Asp Glu Met Lys385 390 395
400 Ala Trp Val Glu Glu
Leu Leu Asp Met His Leu Val Glu Gly Tyr Gly 405 410 415 Ser Thr Glu
Ala Gly Met Ile Leu Ile Asp Gly Ala Ile Arg Arg Pro 420 425 430 Ala
Val Leu Asp Tyr Lys Leu Val Asp Val Pro Asp Leu Gly Tyr Phe 435 440
445 Leu Thr Asp Arg Pro His Pro Arg Gly Glu Leu Leu Val Lys Thr Asp
450 455 460 Ser Leu Phe Pro Gly Tyr Tyr Gln Arg Ala Glu Val Thr Ala
Asp Val465 470 475 480 Phe Asp Ala Asp Gly Phe Tyr Arg Thr Gly Asp
Ile Met Ala Glu Val 485 490 495 Gly Pro Glu Gln Phe Val Tyr Leu Asp
Arg Arg Asn Asn Val Leu Lys 500 505 510 Leu Ser Gln Gly Glu Phe Val
Thr Val Ser Lys Leu Glu Ala Val Phe 515 520 525 Gly Asp Ser Pro Leu
Val Arg Gln Ile Tyr Ile Tyr Gly Asn Ser Ala 530 535 540 Arg Ala Tyr
Leu Leu Ala Val Ile Val Pro Thr Gln Glu Ala Leu Asp545 550 555 560
Ala Val Pro Val Glu Glu Leu Lys Ala Arg Leu Gly Asp Ser Leu Gln 565
570 575 Glu Val Ala Lys Ala Ala Gly Leu Gln Ser Tyr Glu Ile Pro Arg
Asp 580 585 590 Phe Ile Ile Glu Thr Thr Pro Trp Thr Leu Glu Asn Gly
Leu Leu Thr 595 600 605 Gly Ile Arg Lys Leu Ala Arg Pro Gln Leu Lys
Lys His Tyr Gly Glu 610 615 620 Leu Leu Glu Gln Ile Tyr Thr Asp Leu
Ala His Gly Gln Ala Asp Glu625 630 635 640 Leu Arg Ser Leu Arg Gln
Ser Gly Ala Asp Ala Pro Val Leu Val Thr 645 650 655 Val Cys Arg Ala
Ala Ala Ala Leu Leu Gly Gly Ser Ala Ser Asp Val 660 665 670 Gln Pro
Asp Ala His Phe Thr Asp Leu Gly Gly Asp Ser Leu Ser Ala 675 680 685
Leu Ser Phe Thr Asn Leu Leu His Glu Ile Phe Asp Ile Glu Val Pro 690
695 700 Val Gly Val Ile Val Ser Pro Ala Asn Asp Leu Gln Ala Leu Ala
Asp705 710 715 720 Tyr Val Glu Ala Ala Arg Lys Pro Gly Ser Ser Arg
Pro Thr Phe Ala 725 730 735 Ser Val His Gly Ala Ser Asn Gly Gln Val
Thr Glu Val His Ala Gly 740 745 750 Asp Leu Ser Leu Asp Lys Phe Ile
Asp Ala Ala Thr Leu Ala Glu Ala 755 760 765 Pro Arg Leu Pro Ala Ala
Asn Thr Gln Val Arg Thr Val Leu Leu Thr 770 775 780 Gly Ala Thr Gly
Phe Leu Gly Arg Tyr Leu Ala Leu Glu Trp Leu Glu785 790 795 800 Arg
Met Asp Leu Val Asp Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys Leu Val Arg Ala Lys 805 810
815 Ser Asp Thr Glu Ala Arg Ala Arg Leu Asp Lys Thr Phe Asp Ser Gly
820 825 830 Asp Pro Glu Leu Leu Ala His Tyr Arg Ala Leu Ala Gly Asp
His Leu 835 840 845 Glu Val Leu Ala Gly Asp Lys Gly Glu Ala Asp Leu
Gly Leu Asp Arg 850 855 860 Gln Thr Trp Gln Arg Leu Ala Asp Thr Val
Asp Leu Ile Val Asp Pro865 870 875 880 Ala Ala Leu Val Asn His Val
Leu Pro Tyr Ser Gln Leu Phe Gly Pro 885 890 895 Asn Ala Leu Gly Thr
Ala Glu Leu Leu Arg Leu Ala Leu Thr Ser Lys 900 905 910 Ile Lys Pro
Tyr Ser Tyr Thr Ser Thr Ile Gly Val Ala Asp Gln Ile 915 920 925 Pro
Pro Ser Ala Phe Thr Glu Asp Ala Asp Ile Arg Val Ile Ser Ala 930 935
940 Thr Arg Ala Val Asp Asp Ser Tyr Ala Asn Gly Tyr Ser Asn Ser
Lys945 950 955 960 Trp Ala Gly Glu Val Leu Leu Arg Glu Ala His Asp
Leu Cys Gly Leu 965 970 975 Pro Val Ala Val Phe Arg Cys Asp Met Ile
Leu Ala Asp Thr Thr Trp 980 985 990 Ala Gly Gln Leu Asn Val Pro Asp
Met Phe Thr Arg Met Ile Leu Ser 995 1000 1005 Leu Ala Ala Thr Gly
Ile Ala Pro Gly Ser Phe Tyr Glu Leu Ala Ala 1010 1015 1020 Asp Gly
Ala Arg Gln Arg Ala His Tyr Asp Gly Leu Pro Val Glu Phe1025 1030
1035 1040 Ile Ala Glu Ala Ile Ser Thr Leu Gly Ala Gln Ser Gln Asp
Gly Phe 1045 1050 1055 His Thr Tyr His Val Met Asn Pro Tyr Asp Asp
Gly Ile Gly Leu Asp 1060 1065 1070 Glu Phe Val Asp Trp Leu Asn Glu
Ser Gly Cys Pro Ile Gln Arg Ile 1075 1080 1085 Ala Asp Tyr Gly Asp
Trp Leu Gln Arg Phe Glu Thr Ala Leu Arg Ala 1090 1095 1100 Leu Pro
Asp Arg Gln Arg His Ser Ser Leu Leu Pro Leu Leu His Asn1105 1110
1115 1120 Tyr Arg Gln Pro Glu Arg Pro Val Arg Gly Ser Ile Ala Pro
Thr Asp 1125 1130 1135 Arg Phe Arg Ala Ala Val Gln Glu Ala Lys Ile
Gly Pro Asp Lys Asp 1140 1145 1150 Ile Pro His Val Gly Ala Pro Ile
Ile Val Lys Tyr Val Ser Asp Leu 1155 1160 1165 Arg Leu Leu Gly Leu
Leu 1170 81173PRTMycobacterium smegmatis 8Met Thr Ser Asp Val His
Asp Ala Thr Asp Gly Val Thr Glu Thr Ala1 5 10 15 Leu Asp Asp Glu
Gln Ser Thr Arg Arg Ile Ala Glu Leu Tyr Ala Thr 20 25 30 Asp Pro
Glu Phe Ala Ala Ala Ala Pro Leu Pro Ala Val Val Asp Ala 35 40 45
Ala His Lys Pro Gly Leu Arg Leu Ala Glu Ile Leu Gln Thr Leu Phe 50
55 60 Thr Gly Tyr Gly Asp Arg Pro Ala Leu Gly Tyr Arg Ala Arg Glu
Leu65 70 75 80 Ala Thr Asp Glu Gly Gly Arg Thr Val Thr Arg Leu Leu
Pro Arg Phe 85 90 95 Asp Thr Leu Thr Tyr Ala Gln Val Trp Ser Arg
Val Gln Ala Val Ala 100 105 110 Ala Ala Leu Arg His Asn Phe Ala Gln
Pro Ile Tyr Pro Gly Asp Ala 115 120 125 Val Ala Thr Ile Gly Phe Ala
Ser Pro Asp Tyr Leu Thr Leu Asp Leu 130 135 140 Val Cys Ala Tyr Leu
Gly Leu Val Ser Val Pro Leu Gln His Asn Ala145 150 155 160 Pro Val
Ser Arg Leu Ala Pro Ile Leu Ala Glu Val Glu Pro Arg Ile 165 170 175
Leu Thr Val Ser Ala Glu Tyr Leu Asp Leu Ala Val Glu Ser Val Arg 180
185 190 Asp Val Asn Ser Val Ser Gln Leu Val Val Phe Asp His His Pro
Glu 195 200 205 Val Asp Asp His Arg Asp Ala Leu Ala Arg Ala Arg Glu
Gln Leu Ala 210 215 220 Gly Lys Gly Ile Ala Val Thr Thr Leu Asp Ala
Ile Ala Asp Glu Gly225 230 235 240 Ala Gly Leu Pro Ala Glu Pro Ile
Tyr Thr Ala Asp His Asp Gln Arg 245 250 255 Leu Ala Met Ile Leu Tyr
Thr Ser Gly Ser Thr Gly Ala Pro Lys Gly 260 265 270 Ala Met Tyr Thr
Glu Ala Met Val Ala Arg Leu Trp Thr Met Ser Phe 275 280 285 Ile Thr
Gly Asp Pro Thr Pro Val Ile Asn Val Asn Phe Met Pro Leu 290 295 300
Asn His Leu Gly Gly Arg Ile Pro Ile Ser Thr Ala Val Gln Asn Gly305
310 315 320 Gly Thr Ser Tyr Phe Val Pro Glu Ser Asp Met Ser Thr Leu
Phe Glu 325 330 335 Asp Leu Ala Leu Val Arg Pro Thr Glu Leu Gly Leu
Val Pro Arg Val 340 345 350 Ala Asp Met Leu Tyr Gln His His Leu Ala
Thr Val Asp Arg Leu Val 355 360 365 Thr Gln Gly Ala Asp Glu Leu Thr
Ala Glu Lys Gln Ala Gly Ala Glu 370 375 380 Leu Arg Glu Gln Val Leu
Gly Gly Arg Val Ile Thr Gly Phe Val Ser385 390 395 400 Thr Ala Pro
Leu Ala Ala Glu Met Arg Ala Phe Leu Asp Ile Thr Leu 405 410 415 Gly
Ala His Ile Val Asp Gly Tyr Gly Leu Thr Glu Thr Gly Ala Val 420 425
430 Thr Arg Asp Gly Val Ile Val Arg Pro Pro Val Ile Asp Tyr Lys Leu
435 440 445 Ile Asp Val Pro Glu Leu Gly Tyr Phe Ser Thr Asp Lys Pro
Tyr Pro 450 455 460 Arg Gly Glu Leu Leu Val Arg Ser Gln Thr Leu Thr
Pro Gly Tyr Tyr465 470 475 480 Lys Arg Pro Glu Val Thr Ala Ser Val
Phe Asp Arg Asp Gly Tyr Tyr 485 490 495 His Thr Gly Asp Val Met Ala
Glu Thr Ala Pro Asp His Leu Val Tyr 500 505 510 Val Asp Arg Arg Asn
Asn Val Leu Lys Leu Ala Gln Gly Glu Phe Val 515 520 525 Ala Val Ala
Asn Leu Glu Ala Val Phe Ser Gly Ala Ala Leu Val Arg 530 535 540 Gln
Ile Phe Val Tyr Gly Asn Ser Glu Arg Ser Phe Leu Leu Ala Val545 550
555 560 Val Val Pro Thr Pro Glu Ala Leu Glu Gln Tyr Asp Pro Ala Ala
Leu 565 570 575 Lys Ala Ala Leu Ala Asp Ser Leu Gln Arg Thr Ala Arg
Asp Ala Glu 580 585 590 Leu Gln Ser Tyr Glu Val Pro Ala Asp Phe Ile
Val Glu Thr Glu Pro 595 600 605 Phe Ser Ala Ala Asn Gly Leu Leu Ser
Gly Val Gly Lys Leu Leu Arg 610 615 620 Pro Asn Leu Lys Asp Arg Tyr
Gly Gln Arg Leu Glu Gln Met Tyr Ala625 630 635 640 Asp Ile Ala Ala
Thr Gln Ala Asn Gln Leu Arg Glu Leu Arg Arg Ala 645 650 655 Ala Ala
Thr Gln Pro Val Ile Asp Thr Leu Thr Gln Ala Ala Ala Thr 660 665 670
Ile Leu Gly Thr Gly Ser Glu Val Ala Ser Asp Ala His Phe Thr Asp 675
680 685 Leu Gly Gly Asp Ser Leu Ser Ala Leu Thr Leu Ser Asn Leu Leu
Ser 690 695 700 Asp Phe Phe Gly Phe Glu Val Pro Val Gly Thr Ile Val
Asn Pro Ala705 710 715 720 Thr Asn Leu Ala Gln Leu Ala Gln His Ile
Glu Ala Gln Arg Thr Ala 725 730 735 Gly Asp Arg Arg Pro Ser Phe Thr
Thr Val His Gly Ala Asp Ala Thr 740 745 750 Glu Ile Arg Ala Ser Glu
Leu Thr Leu Asp Lys Phe Ile Asp Ala Glu 755 760 765 Thr Leu Arg Ala
Ala Pro Gly Leu Pro Lys Val Thr Thr Glu Pro Arg 770 775 780 Thr Val
Leu Leu Ser Gly Ala Asn Gly Trp Leu Gly Arg Phe Leu Thr785 790 795
800 Leu Gln Trp Leu Glu Arg Leu Ala Pro Val Gly Gly Thr Leu Ile Thr
805 810 815 Ile Val Arg Gly Arg Asp Asp Ala Ala Ala Arg Ala Arg Leu
Thr Gln 820 825 830 Ala Tyr Asp Thr Asp Pro Glu Leu Ser Arg Arg Phe
Ala Glu Leu Ala 835 840 845 Asp Arg His Leu Arg Val Val Ala Gly Asp
Ile Gly Asp Pro Asn Leu 850 855 860 Gly Leu Thr Pro Glu Ile Trp His
Arg Leu Ala Ala Glu Val Asp Leu865 870 875 880 Val Val His Pro Ala
Ala Leu Val Asn His Val Leu Pro Tyr Arg Gln 885 890 895 Leu Phe Gly
Pro Asn Val Val Gly Thr Ala Glu Val Ile Lys Leu Ala 900 905 910 Leu
Thr Glu Arg Ile Lys Pro Val Thr Tyr Leu Ser Thr Val Ser Val 915 920
925 Ala Met Gly Ile Pro Asp Phe Glu Glu Asp Gly Asp Ile Arg Thr Val
930 935 940 Ser Pro Val Arg Pro Leu Asp Gly Gly Tyr Ala Asn Gly Tyr
Gly Asn945 950 955 960 Ser Lys Trp Ala Gly Glu Val Leu Leu Arg Glu
Ala His Asp Leu Cys 965 970 975 Gly Leu Pro Val Ala Thr Phe Arg Ser
Asp Met Ile Leu Ala His Pro 980 985 990 Arg Tyr Arg Gly Gln Val Asn
Val Pro Asp Met Phe Thr Arg Leu Leu 995 1000 1005 Leu Ser Leu Leu
Ile Thr Gly Val Ala Pro Arg Ser Phe Tyr Ile Gly 1010 1015 1020 Asp
Gly Glu Arg Pro Arg Ala His Tyr Pro Gly Leu Thr Val Asp Phe1025
1030 1035 1040 Val Ala Glu Ala Val Thr Thr Leu Gly Ala Gln Gln Arg
Glu Gly Tyr 1045 1050 1055 Val Ser Tyr Asp Val Met Asn Pro His Asp
Asp Gly Ile Ser Leu Asp 1060 1065 1070 Val Phe Val Asp Trp Leu Ile
Arg Ala Gly His Pro Ile Asp Arg Val 1075 1080 1085 Asp Asp Tyr Asp
Asp Trp Val Arg Arg Phe Glu Thr Ala Leu Thr Ala 1090 1095 1100 Leu
Pro Glu Lys Arg Arg Ala Gln Thr Val Leu Pro Leu Leu His Ala1105
1110 1115 1120 Phe Arg Ala Pro Gln Ala Pro Leu Arg Gly Ala Pro Glu
Pro Thr Glu 1125 1130 1135 Val Phe His Ala Ala Val Arg Thr Ala Lys
Val Gly Pro Gly Asp Ile 1140 1145 1150 Pro His Leu Asp Glu Ala Leu
Ile Asp Lys Tyr Ile Arg Asp Leu Arg 1155 1160 1165 Glu Phe Gly Leu
Ile 1170 91148PRTSegniliparus rugosus 9 Met Gly Asp Gly Glu Glu Arg
Ala Lys Arg Phe Phe Gln Arg Ile Gly1 5 10 15 Glu Leu Ser Ala Thr
Asp Pro Gln Phe Ala Ala Ala Ala Pro Asp Pro 20 25 30 Ala Val Val
Glu Ala Val Ser Asp Pro Ser Leu Ser Phe Thr Arg Tyr 35 40 45 Leu
Asp Thr Leu Met Arg Gly Tyr Ala Glu Arg Pro Ala Leu Ala His 50 55
60 Arg Val Gly Ala Gly Tyr Glu Thr Ile Ser Tyr Gly Glu Leu Trp
Ala65 70 75 80 Arg Val Gly Ala Ile Ala Ala Ala Trp Gln Ala Asp Gly
Leu Ala Pro 85 90 95 Gly Asp Phe Val Ala Thr Val Gly Phe Thr Ser
Pro Asp Tyr Val Ala 100 105 110 Val Asp Leu Ala Ala Ala Arg Ser Gly
Leu Val Ser Val Pro Leu Gln 115 120 125 Ala Gly Ala Ser Leu Ala Gln
Leu Val Gly Ile Leu Glu Glu Thr Glu 130 135 140 Pro Lys Val Leu Ala
Ala Ser Ala Ser Ser Leu Glu Gly Ala Val Ala145 150 155 160 Cys Ala
Leu Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Gln Arg Leu Val Val Phe Asp Leu 165 170 175
Arg Gly Pro Asp Ala Ser Glu Ser Ala Ala Asp Glu Arg Arg Gly Ala 180
185 190 Leu Ala Asp Ala Glu Glu Gln Leu Ala Arg Ala Gly Arg Ala Val
Val 195 200 205 Val Glu Thr Leu Ala Asp Leu Ala Ala Arg Gly Glu Ala
Leu Pro Glu 210 215 220 Ala Pro Leu Phe Glu Pro Ala Glu Gly Glu Asp
Pro Leu Ala Leu Leu225 230 235 240 Ile Tyr Thr Ser Gly Ser Thr Gly
Ala Pro Lys Gly Ala Met Tyr Ser 245 250 255 Gln Arg Leu Val Ser Gln
Leu Trp Gly Arg Thr Pro Val Val Pro Gly 260 265 270 Met Pro Asn Ile
Ser Leu His Tyr Met Pro Leu Ser His Ser Tyr Gly 275 280 285 Arg Ala
Val Leu Ala Gly Ala Leu Ser Ala Gly Gly Thr Ala His Phe 290 295 300
Thr Ala Asn Ser Asp Leu Ser Thr Leu Phe Glu Asp Ile Ala Leu Ala305
310 315 320 Arg Pro Thr Phe Leu Ala Leu Val Pro Arg Val Cys Glu Met
Leu Phe 325 330 335 Gln Glu Ser Gln Arg Gly Gln Asp Val Ala Glu Leu
Arg Glu Arg Val 340 345 350 Leu Gly Gly Arg Leu Leu Val Ala Val Cys
Gly Ser Ala Pro Leu
Ser 355 360 365 Pro Glu Met Arg Ala Phe Met Glu Glu Val Leu Gly Phe
Pro Leu Leu 370 375 380 Asp Gly Tyr Gly Ser Thr Glu Ala Leu Gly Val
Met Arg Asn Gly Ile385 390 395 400 Ile Gln Arg Pro Pro Val Ile Asp
Tyr Lys Leu Val Asp Val Pro Glu 405 410 415 Leu Gly Tyr Arg Thr Thr
Asp Lys Pro Tyr Pro Arg Gly Glu Leu Cys 420 425 430 Ile Arg Ser Thr
Ser Leu Ile Ser Gly Tyr Tyr Lys Arg Pro Glu Ile 435 440 445 Thr Ala
Glu Val Phe Asp Ala Gln Gly Tyr Tyr Lys Thr Gly Asp Val 450 455 460
Met Ala Glu Ile Ala Pro Asp His Leu Val Tyr Val Asp Arg Ser Lys465
470 475 480 Asn Val Leu Lys Leu Ser Gln Gly Glu Phe Val Ala Val Ala
Lys Leu 485 490 495 Glu Ala Ala Tyr Gly Thr Ser Pro Tyr Val Lys Gln
Ile Phe Val Tyr 500 505 510 Gly Asn Ser Glu Arg Ser Phe Leu Leu Ala
Val Val Val Pro Asn Ala 515 520 525 Glu Val Leu Gly Ala Arg Asp Gln
Glu Glu Ala Lys Pro Leu Ile Ala 530 535 540 Ala Ser Leu Gln Lys Ile
Ala Lys Glu Ala Gly Leu Gln Ser Tyr Glu545 550 555 560 Val Pro Arg
Asp Phe Leu Ile Glu Thr Glu Pro Phe Thr Thr Gln Asn 565 570 575 Gly
Leu Leu Ser Glu Val Gly Lys Leu Leu Arg Pro Lys Leu Lys Ala 580 585
590 Arg Tyr Gly Glu Ala Leu Glu Ala Arg Tyr Asp Glu Ile Ala His Gly
595 600 605 Gln Ala Asp Glu Leu Arg Ala Leu Arg Asp Gly Ala Gly Gln
Arg Pro 610 615 620 Val Val Glu Thr Val Val Arg Ala Ala Val Ala Ile
Ser Gly Ser Glu625 630 635 640 Gly Ala Glu Val Gly Pro Glu Ala Asn
Phe Ala Asp Leu Gly Gly Asp 645 650 655 Ser Leu Ser Ala Leu Ser Leu
Ala Asn Leu Leu His Asp Val Phe Glu 660 665 670 Val Glu Val Pro Val
Arg Ile Ile Ile Gly Pro Thr Ala Ser Leu Ala 675 680 685 Gly Ile Ala
Lys His Ile Glu Ala Glu Arg Ala Gly Ala Ser Ala Pro 690 695 700 Thr
Ala Ala Ser Val His Gly Ala Gly Ala Thr Arg Ile Arg Ala Ser705 710
715 720 Glu Leu Thr Leu Glu Lys Phe Leu Pro Glu Asp Leu Leu Ala Ala
Ala 725 730 735 Lys Gly Leu Pro Ala Ala Asp Gln Val Arg Thr Val Leu
Leu Thr Gly 740 745 750 Ala Asn Gly Trp Leu Gly Arg Phe Leu Ala Leu
Glu Gln Leu Glu Arg 755 760 765 Leu Ala Arg Ser Gly Gln Asp Gly Gly
Lys Leu Ile Cys Leu Val Arg 770 775 780 Gly Lys Asp Ala Ala Ala Ala
Arg Arg Arg Ile Glu Glu Thr Leu Gly785 790 795 800 Thr Asp Pro Ala
Leu Ala Ala Arg Phe Ala Glu Leu Ala Glu Gly Arg 805 810 815 Leu Glu
Val Val Pro Gly Asp Val Gly Glu Pro Lys Phe Gly Leu Asp 820 825 830
Asp Ala Ala Trp Asp Arg Leu Ala Glu Glu Val Asp Val Ile Val His 835
840 845 Pro Ala Ala Leu Val Asn His Val Leu Pro Tyr His Gln Leu Phe
Gly 850 855 860 Pro Asn Val Val Gly Thr Ala Glu Ile Ile Arg Leu Ala
Ile Thr Ala865 870 875 880 Lys Arg Lys Pro Val Thr Tyr Leu Ser Thr
Val Ala Val Ala Ala Gly 885 890 895 Val Glu Pro Ser Ser Phe Glu Glu
Asp Gly Asp Ile Arg Ala Val Val 900 905 910 Pro Glu Arg Pro Leu Gly
Asp Gly Tyr Ala Asn Gly Tyr Gly Asn Ser 915 920 925 Lys Trp Ala Gly
Glu Val Leu Leu Arg Glu Ala His Glu Leu Val Gly 930 935 940 Leu Pro
Val Ala Val Phe Arg Ser Asp Met Ile Leu Ala His Thr Arg945 950 955
960 Tyr Thr Gly Gln Leu Asn Val Pro Asp Gln Phe Thr Arg Leu Val Leu
965 970 975 Ser Leu Leu Ala Thr Gly Ile Ala Pro Lys Ser Phe Tyr Gln
Gln Gly 980 985 990 Ala Ala Gly Glu Arg Gln Arg Ala His Tyr Asp Gly
Ile Pro Val Asp 995 1000 1005 Phe Thr Ala Glu Ala Ile Thr Thr Leu
Gly Ala Glu Pro Ser Trp Phe 1010 1015 1020 Asp Gly Gly Ala Gly Phe
Arg Ser Phe Asp Val Phe Asn Pro His His1025 1030 1035 1040 Asp Gly
Val Gly Leu Asp Glu Phe Val Asp Trp Leu Ile Glu Ala Gly 1045 1050
1055 His Pro Ile Ser Arg Ile Asp Asp His Lys Glu Trp Phe Ala Arg
Phe 1060 1065 1070 Glu Thr Ala Val Arg Gly Leu Pro Glu Ala Gln Arg
Gln His Ser Leu 1075 1080 1085 Leu Pro Leu Leu Arg Ala Tyr Ser Phe
Pro His Pro Pro Val Asp Gly 1090 1095 1100 Ser Val Tyr Pro Thr Gly
Lys Phe Gln Gly Ala Val Lys Ala Ala Gln1105 1110 1115 1120 Val Gly
Ser Asp His Asp Val Pro His Leu Gly Lys Ala Leu Ile Val 1125 1130
1135 Lys Tyr Ala Asp Asp Leu Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu 1140 1145
101168PRTMycobacterium smegmatis 10Met Thr Ile Glu Thr Arg Glu Asp
Arg Phe Asn Arg Arg Ile Asp His1 5 10 15 Leu Phe Glu Thr Asp Pro
Gln Phe Ala Ala Ala Arg Pro Asp Glu Ala 20 25 30 Ile Ser Ala Ala
Ala Ala Asp Pro Glu Leu Arg Leu Pro Ala Ala Val 35 40 45 Lys Gln
Ile Leu Ala Gly Tyr Ala Asp Arg Pro Ala Leu Gly Lys Arg 50 55 60
Ala Val Glu Phe Val Thr Asp Glu Glu Gly Arg Thr Thr Ala Lys Leu65
70 75 80 Leu Pro Arg Phe Asp Thr Ile Thr Tyr Arg Gln Leu Ala Gly
Arg Ile 85 90 95 Gln Ala Val Thr Asn Ala Trp His Asn His Pro Val
Asn Ala Gly Asp 100 105 110 Arg Val Ala Ile Leu Gly Phe Thr Ser Val
Asp Tyr Thr Thr Ile Asp 115 120 125 Ile Ala Leu Leu Glu Leu Gly Ala
Val Ser Val Pro Leu Gln Thr Ser 130 135 140 Ala Pro Val Ala Gln Leu
Gln Pro Ile Val Ala Glu Thr Glu Pro Lys145 150 155 160 Val Ile Ala
Ser Ser Val Asp Phe Leu Ala Asp Ala Val Ala Leu Val 165 170 175 Glu
Ser Gly Pro Ala Pro Ser Arg Leu Val Val Phe Asp Tyr Ser His 180 185
190 Glu Val Asp Asp Gln Arg Glu Ala Phe Glu Ala Ala Lys Gly Lys Leu
195 200 205 Ala Gly Thr Gly Val Val Val Glu Thr Ile Thr Asp Ala Leu
Asp Arg 210 215 220 Gly Arg Ser Leu Ala Asp Ala Pro Leu Tyr Val Pro
Asp Glu Ala Asp225 230 235 240 Pro Leu Thr Leu Leu Ile Tyr Thr Ser
Gly Ser Thr Gly Thr Pro Lys 245 250 255 Gly Ala Met Tyr Pro Glu Ser
Lys Thr Ala Thr Met Trp Gln Ala Gly 260 265 270 Ser Lys Ala Arg Trp
Asp Glu Thr Leu Gly Val Met Pro Ser Ile Thr 275 280 285 Leu Asn Phe
Met Pro Met Ser His Val Met Gly Arg Gly Ile Leu Cys 290 295 300 Ser
Thr Leu Ala Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Tyr Phe Ala Ala Arg Ser Asp305 310
315 320 Leu Ser Thr Phe Leu Glu Asp Leu Ala Leu Val Arg Pro Thr Gln
Leu 325 330 335 Asn Phe Val Pro Arg Ile Trp Asp Met Leu Phe Gln Glu
Tyr Gln Ser 340 345 350 Arg Leu Asp Asn Arg Arg Ala Glu Gly Ser Glu
Asp Arg Ala Glu Ala 355 360 365 Ala Val Leu Glu Glu Val Arg Thr Gln
Leu Leu Gly Gly Arg Phe Val 370 375 380 Ser Ala Leu Thr Gly Ser Ala
Pro Ile Ser Ala Glu Met Lys Ser Trp385 390 395 400 Val Glu Asp Leu
Leu Asp Met His Leu Leu Glu Gly Tyr Gly Ser Thr 405 410 415 Glu Ala
Gly Ala Val Phe Ile Asp Gly Gln Ile Gln Arg Pro Pro Val 420 425 430
Ile Asp Tyr Lys Leu Val Asp Val Pro Asp Leu Gly Tyr Phe Ala Thr 435
440 445 Asp Arg Pro Tyr Pro Arg Gly Glu Leu Leu Val Lys Ser Glu Gln
Met 450 455 460 Phe Pro Gly Tyr Tyr Lys Arg Pro Glu Ile Thr Ala Glu
Met Phe Asp465 470 475 480 Glu Asp Gly Tyr Tyr Arg Thr Gly Asp Ile
Val Ala Glu Leu Gly Pro 485 490 495 Asp His Leu Glu Tyr Leu Asp Arg
Arg Asn Asn Val Leu Lys Leu Ser 500 505 510 Gln Gly Glu Phe Val Thr
Val Ser Lys Leu Glu Ala Val Phe Gly Asp 515 520 525 Ser Pro Leu Val
Arg Gln Ile Tyr Val Tyr Gly Asn Ser Ala Arg Ser 530 535 540 Tyr Leu
Leu Ala Val Val Val Pro Thr Glu Glu Ala Leu Ser Arg Trp545 550 555
560 Asp Gly Asp Glu Leu Lys Ser Arg Ile Ser Asp Ser Leu Gln Asp Ala
565 570 575 Ala Arg Ala Ala Gly Leu Gln Ser Tyr Glu Ile Pro Arg Asp
Phe Leu 580 585 590 Val Glu Thr Thr Pro Phe Thr Leu Glu Asn Gly Leu
Leu Thr Gly Ile 595 600 605 Arg Lys Leu Ala Arg Pro Lys Leu Lys Ala
His Tyr Gly Glu Arg Leu 610 615 620 Glu Gln Leu Tyr Thr Asp Leu Ala
Glu Gly Gln Ala Asn Glu Leu Arg625 630 635 640 Glu Leu Arg Arg Asn
Gly Ala Asp Arg Pro Val Val Glu Thr Val Ser 645 650 655 Arg Ala Ala
Val Ala Leu Leu Gly Ala Ser Val Thr Asp Leu Arg Ser 660 665 670 Asp
Ala His Phe Thr Asp Leu Gly Gly Asp Ser Leu Ser Ala Leu Ser 675 680
685 Phe Ser Asn Leu Leu His Glu Ile Phe Asp Val Asp Val Pro Val Gly
690 695 700 Val Ile Val Ser Pro Ala Thr Asp Leu Ala Gly Val Ala Ala
Tyr Ile705 710 715 720 Glu Gly Glu Leu Arg Gly Ser Lys Arg Pro Thr
Tyr Ala Ser Val His 725 730 735 Gly Arg Asp Ala Thr Glu Val Arg Ala
Arg Asp Leu Ala Leu Gly Lys 740 745 750 Phe Ile Asp Ala Lys Thr Leu
Ser Ala Ala Pro Gly Leu Pro Arg Ser 755 760 765 Gly Thr Glu Ile Arg
Thr Val Leu Leu Thr Gly Ala Thr Gly Phe Leu 770 775 780 Gly Arg Tyr
Leu Ala Leu Glu Trp Leu Glu Arg Met Asp Leu Val Asp785 790 795 800
Gly Lys Val Ile Cys Leu Val Arg Ala Arg Ser Asp Asp Glu Ala Arg 805
810 815 Ala Arg Leu Asp Ala Thr Phe Asp Thr Gly Asp Ala Thr Leu Leu
Glu 820 825 830 His Tyr Arg Ala Leu Ala Ala Asp His Leu Glu Val Ile
Ala Gly Asp 835 840 845 Lys Gly Glu Ala Asp Leu Gly Leu Asp His Asp
Thr Trp Gln Arg Leu 850 855 860 Ala Asp Thr Val Asp Leu Ile Val Asp
Pro Ala Ala Leu Val Asn His865 870 875 880 Val Leu Pro Tyr Ser Gln
Met Phe Gly Pro Asn Ala Leu Gly Thr Ala 885 890 895 Glu Leu Ile Arg
Ile Ala Leu Thr Thr Thr Ile Lys Pro Tyr Val Tyr 900 905 910 Val Ser
Thr Ile Gly Val Gly Gln Gly Ile Ser Pro Glu Ala Phe Val 915 920 925
Glu Asp Ala Asp Ile Arg Glu Ile Ser Ala Thr Arg Arg Val Asp Asp 930
935 940 Ser Tyr Ala Asn Gly Tyr Gly Asn Ser Lys Trp Ala Gly Glu Val
Leu945 950 955 960 Leu Arg Glu Ala His Asp Trp Cys Gly Leu Pro Val
Ser Val Phe Arg 965 970 975 Cys Asp Met Ile Leu Ala Asp Thr Thr Tyr
Ser Gly Gln Leu Asn Leu 980 985 990 Pro Asp Met Phe Thr Arg Leu Met
Leu Ser Leu Val Ala Thr Gly Ile 995 1000 1005 Ala Pro Gly Ser Phe
Tyr Glu Leu Asp Ala Asp Gly Asn Arg Gln Arg 1010 1015 1020 Ala His
Tyr Asp Gly Leu Pro Val Glu Phe Ile Ala Glu Ala Ile Ser1025 1030
1035 1040 Thr Ile Gly Ser Gln Val Thr Asp Gly Phe Glu Thr Phe His
Val Met 1045 1050 1055 Asn Pro Tyr Asp Asp Gly Ile Gly Leu Asp Glu
Tyr Val Asp Trp Leu 1060 1065 1070 Ile Glu Ala Gly Tyr Pro Val His
Arg Val Asp Asp Tyr Ala Thr Trp 1075 1080 1085 Leu Ser Arg Phe Glu
Thr Ala Leu Arg Ala Leu Pro Glu Arg Gln Arg 1090 1095 1100 Gln Ala
Ser Leu Leu Pro Leu Leu His Asn Tyr Gln Gln Pro Ser Pro1105 1110
1115 1120 Pro Val Cys Gly Ala Met Ala Pro Thr Asp Arg Phe Arg Ala
Ala Val 1125 1130 1135 Gln Asp Ala Lys Ile Gly Pro Asp Lys Asp Ile
Pro His Val Thr Ala 1140 1145 1150 Asp Val Ile Val Lys Tyr Ile Ser
Asn Leu Gln Met Leu Gly Leu Leu 1155 1160 1165
111185PRTMycobacterium massiliense 11Met Thr Asn Glu Thr Asn Pro
Gln Gln Glu Gln Leu Ser Arg Arg Ile1 5 10 15 Glu Ser Leu Arg Glu
Ser Asp Pro Gln Phe Arg Ala Ala Gln Pro Asp 20 25 30 Pro Ala Val
Ala Glu Gln Val Leu Arg Pro Gly Leu His Leu Ser Glu 35 40 45 Ala
Ile Ala Ala Leu Met Thr Gly Tyr Ala Glu Arg Pro Ala Leu Gly 50 55
60 Glu Arg Ala Arg Glu Leu Val Ile Asp Gln Asp Gly Arg Thr Thr
Leu65 70 75 80 Arg Leu Leu Pro Arg Phe Asp Thr Thr Thr Tyr Gly Glu
Leu Trp Ser 85 90 95 Arg Thr Thr Ser Val Ala Ala Ala Trp His His
Asp Ala Thr His Pro 100 105 110 Val Lys Ala Gly Asp Leu Val Ala Thr
Leu Gly Phe Thr Ser Ile Asp 115 120 125 Tyr Thr Val Leu Asp Leu Ala
Ile Met Ile Leu Gly Gly Val Ala Val 130 135 140 Pro Leu Gln Thr Ser
Ala Pro Ala Ser Gln Trp Thr Thr Ile Leu Ala145 150 155 160 Glu Ala
Glu Pro Asn Thr Leu Ala Val Ser Ile Glu Leu Ile Gly Ala 165 170 175
Ala Met Glu Ser Val Arg Ala Thr Pro Ser Ile Lys Gln Val Val Val 180
185 190 Phe Asp Tyr Thr Pro Glu Val Asp Asp Gln Arg Glu Ala Phe Glu
Ala 195 200 205 Ala Ser Thr Gln Leu Ala Gly Thr Gly Ile Ala Leu Glu
Thr Leu Asp 210 215 220 Ala Val Ile Ala Arg Gly Ala Ala Leu Pro Ala
Ala Pro Leu Tyr Ala225 230 235 240 Pro Ser Ala Gly Asp Asp Pro Leu
Ala Leu Leu Ile Tyr Thr Ser Gly 245 250 255 Ser Thr Gly Ala Pro Lys
Gly Ala Met His Ser Glu Asn Ile Val Arg 260 265 270 Arg Trp Trp Ile
Arg Glu Asp Val Met Ala Gly Thr Glu Asn Leu Pro 275 280 285 Met Ile
Gly Leu Asn Phe Met Pro Met Ser His Ile Met Gly Arg Gly 290 295 300
Thr Leu Thr Ser Thr Leu Ser Thr Gly Gly Thr Gly Tyr Phe Ala Ala305
310 315 320 Ser Ser Asp Met Ser Thr Leu Phe Glu Asp Met Glu Leu Ile
Arg Pro 325 330 335 Thr Ala Leu Ala Leu Val Pro Arg Val Cys Asp Met
Val Phe Gln Arg 340
345 350 Phe Gln Thr Glu Val Asp Arg Arg Leu Ala Ser Gly Asp Thr Ala
Ser 355 360 365 Ala Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Glu Val Lys Ala Asp Ile Arg
Asp Asn Leu 370 375 380 Phe Gly Gly Arg Val Ser Ala Val Met Val Gly
Ser Ala Pro Leu Ser385 390 395 400 Glu Glu Leu Gly Glu Phe Ile Glu
Ser Cys Phe Glu Leu Asn Leu Thr 405 410 415 Asp Gly Tyr Gly Ser Thr
Glu Ala Gly Met Val Phe Arg Asp Gly Ile 420 425 430 Val Gln Arg Pro
Pro Val Ile Asp Tyr Lys Leu Val Asp Val Pro Glu 435 440 445 Leu Gly
Tyr Phe Ser Thr Asp Lys Pro His Pro Arg Gly Glu Leu Leu 450 455 460
Leu Lys Thr Asp Gly Met Phe Leu Gly Tyr Tyr Lys Arg Pro Glu Val465
470 475 480 Thr Ala Ser Val Phe Asp Ala Asp Gly Phe Tyr Met Thr Gly
Asp Ile 485 490 495 Val Ala Glu Leu Ala His Asp Asn Ile Glu Ile Ile
Asp Arg Arg Asn 500 505 510 Asn Val Leu Lys Leu Ser Gln Gly Glu Phe
Val Ala Val Ala Thr Leu 515 520 525 Glu Ala Glu Tyr Ala Asn Ser Pro
Val Val His Gln Ile Tyr Val Tyr 530 535 540 Gly Ser Ser Glu Arg Ser
Tyr Leu Leu Ala Val Val Val Pro Thr Pro545 550 555 560 Glu Ala Val
Ala Ala Ala Lys Gly Asp Ala Ala Ala Leu Lys Thr Thr 565 570 575 Ile
Ala Asp Ser Leu Gln Asp Ile Ala Lys Glu Ile Gln Leu Gln Ser 580 585
590 Tyr Glu Val Pro Arg Asp Phe Ile Ile Glu Pro Gln Pro Phe Thr Gln
595 600 605 Gly Asn Gly Leu Leu Thr Gly Ile Ala Lys Leu Ala Arg Pro
Asn Leu 610 615 620 Lys Ala His Tyr Gly Pro Arg Leu Glu Gln Met Tyr
Ala Glu Ile Ala625 630 635 640 Glu Gln Gln Ala Ala Glu Leu Arg Ala
Leu His Gly Val Asp Pro Asp 645 650 655 Lys Pro Ala Leu Glu Thr Val
Leu Lys Ala Ala Gln Ala Leu Leu Gly 660 665 670 Val Ser Ser Ala Glu
Leu Ala Ala Asp Ala His Phe Thr Asp Leu Gly 675 680 685 Gly Asp Ser
Leu Ser Ala Leu Ser Phe Ser Asp Leu Leu Arg Asp Ile 690 695 700 Phe
Ala Val Glu Val Pro Val Gly Val Ile Val Ser Ala Ala Asn Asp705 710
715 720 Leu Gly Gly Val Ala Lys Phe Val Asp Glu Gln Arg His Ser Gly
Gly 725 730 735 Thr Arg Pro Thr Ala Glu Thr Val His Gly Ala Gly His
Thr Glu Ile 740 745 750 Arg Ala Ala Asp Leu Thr Leu Asp Lys Phe Ile
Asp Glu Ala Thr Leu 755 760 765 His Ala Ala Pro Ser Leu Pro Lys Ala
Ala Gly Ile Pro His Thr Val 770 775 780 Leu Leu Thr Gly Ser Asn Gly
Tyr Leu Gly His Tyr Leu Ala Leu Glu785 790 795 800 Trp Leu Glu Arg
Leu Asp Lys Thr Asp Gly Lys Leu Ile Val Ile Val 805 810 815 Arg Gly
Lys Asn Ala Glu Ala Ala Tyr Gly Arg Leu Glu Glu Ala Phe 820 825 830
Asp Thr Gly Asp Thr Glu Leu Leu Ala His Phe Arg Ser Leu Ala Asp 835
840 845 Lys His Leu Glu Val Leu Ala Gly Asp Ile Gly Asp Pro Asn Leu
Gly 850 855 860 Leu Asp Ala Asp Thr Trp Gln Arg Leu Ala Asp Thr Val
Asp Val Ile865 870 875 880 Val His Pro Ala Ala Leu Val Asn His Val
Leu Pro Tyr Asn Gln Leu 885 890 895 Phe Gly Pro Asn Val Val Gly Thr
Ala Glu Ile Ile Lys Leu Ala Ile 900 905 910 Thr Thr Lys Ile Lys Pro
Val Thr Tyr Leu Ser Thr Val Ala Val Ala 915 920 925 Ala Tyr Val Asp
Pro Thr Thr Phe Asp Glu Glu Ser Asp Ile Arg Leu 930 935 940 Ile Ser
Ala Val Arg Pro Ile Asp Asp Gly Tyr Ala Asn Gly Tyr Gly945 950 955
960 Asn Ala Lys Trp Ala Gly Glu Val Leu Leu Arg Glu Ala His Asp Leu
965 970 975 Cys Gly Leu Pro Val Ala Val Phe Arg Ser Asp Met Ile Leu
Ala His 980 985 990 Ser Arg Tyr Thr Gly Gln Leu Asn Val Pro Asp Gln
Phe Thr Arg Leu 995 1000 1005 Ile Leu Ser Leu Ile Ala Thr Gly Ile
Ala Pro Gly Ser Phe Tyr Gln 1010 1015 1020 Ala Gln Thr Thr Gly Glu
Arg Pro Leu Ala His Tyr Asp Gly Leu Pro1025 1030 1035 1040 Gly Asp
Phe Thr Ala Glu Ala Ile Thr Thr Leu Gly Thr Gln Val Pro 1045 1050
1055 Glu Gly Ser Glu Gly Phe Val Thr Tyr Asp Cys Val Asn Pro His
Ala 1060 1065 1070 Asp Gly Ile Ser Leu Asp Asn Phe Val Asp Trp Leu
Ile Glu Ala Gly 1075 1080 1085 Tyr Pro Ile Ala Arg Ile Asp Asn Tyr
Thr Glu Trp Phe Thr Arg Phe 1090 1095 1100 Asp Thr Ala Ile Arg Gly
Leu Ser Glu Lys Gln Lys Gln His Ser Leu1105 1110 1115 1120 Leu Pro
Leu Leu His Ala Phe Glu Gln Pro Ser Ala Ala Glu Asn His 1125 1130
1135 Gly Val Val Pro Ala Lys Arg Phe Gln His Ala Val Gln Ala Ala
Gly 1140 1145 1150 Ile Gly Pro Val Gly Gln Asp Gly Thr Thr Asp Ile
Pro His Leu Ser 1155 1160 1165 Arg Arg Leu Ile Val Lys Tyr Ala Lys
Asp Leu Glu Gln Leu Gly Leu 1170 1175 1180
Leu1185121186PRTSegniliparus rotundus 12Met Thr Gln Ser His Thr Gln
Gly Pro Gln Ala Ser Ala Ala His Ser1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Ala Arg Arg
Ala Ala Glu Leu Leu Ala Thr Asp Pro Gln Ala 20 25 30 Ala Ala Thr
Leu Pro Asp Pro Glu Val Val Arg Gln Ala Thr Arg Pro 35 40 45 Gly
Leu Arg Leu Ala Glu Arg Val Asp Ala Ile Leu Ser Gly Tyr Ala 50 55
60 Asp Arg Pro Ala Leu Gly Gln Arg Ser Phe Gln Thr Val Lys Asp
Pro65 70 75 80 Ile Thr Gly Arg Ser Ser Val Glu Leu Leu Pro Thr Phe
Asp Thr Ile 85 90 95 Thr Tyr Arg Glu Leu Arg Glu Arg Ala Thr Ala
Ile Ala Ser Asp Leu 100 105 110 Ala His His Pro Gln Ala Pro Ala Lys
Pro Gly Asp Phe Leu Ala Ser 115 120 125 Ile Gly Phe Ile Ser Val Asp
Tyr Val Ala Ile Asp Ile Ala Gly Val 130 135 140 Phe Ala Gly Leu Thr
Ala Val Pro Leu Gln Thr Gly Ala Thr Leu Ala145 150 155 160 Thr Leu
Thr Ala Ile Thr Ala Glu Thr Ala Pro Thr Leu Phe Ala Ala 165 170 175
Ser Ile Glu His Leu Pro Thr Ala Val Asp Ala Val Leu Ala Thr Pro 180
185 190 Ser Val Arg Arg Leu Leu Val Phe Asp Tyr Arg Ala Gly Ser Asp
Glu 195 200 205 Asp Arg Glu Ala Val Glu Ala Ala Lys Arg Lys Ile Ala
Asp Ala Gly 210 215 220 Ser Ser Val Leu Val Asp Val Leu Asp Glu Val
Ile Ala Arg Gly Lys225 230 235 240 Ser Ala Pro Lys Ala Pro Leu Pro
Pro Ala Thr Asp Ala Gly Asp Asp 245 250 255 Ser Leu Ser Leu Leu Ile
Tyr Thr Ser Gly Ser Thr Gly Thr Pro Lys 260 265 270 Gly Ala Met Tyr
Pro Glu Arg Asn Val Ala His Phe Trp Gly Gly Val 275 280 285 Trp Ala
Ala Ala Phe Asp Glu Asp Ala Ala Pro Pro Val Pro Ala Ile 290 295 300
Asn Ile Thr Phe Leu Pro Leu Ser His Val Ala Ser Arg Leu Ser Leu305
310 315 320 Met Pro Thr Leu Ala Arg Gly Gly Leu Met His Phe Val Ala
Lys Ser 325 330 335 Asp Leu Ser Thr Leu Phe Glu Asp Leu Lys Leu Ala
Arg Pro Thr Asn 340 345 350 Leu Phe Leu Val Pro Arg Val Val Glu Met
Leu Tyr Gln His Tyr Gln 355 360 365 Ser Glu Leu Asp Arg Arg Gly Val
Gln Asp Gly Thr Arg Glu Ala Glu 370 375 380 Ala Val Lys Asp Asp Leu
Arg Thr Gly Leu Leu Gly Gly Arg Ile Leu385 390 395 400 Thr Ala Gly
Phe Gly Ser Ala Pro Leu Ser Ala Glu Leu Ala Gly Phe 405 410 415 Ile
Glu Ser Leu Leu Gln Ile His Leu Val Asp Gly Tyr Gly Ser Thr 420 425
430 Glu Ala Gly Pro Val Trp Arg Asp Gly Tyr Leu Val Lys Pro Pro Val
435 440 445 Thr Asp Tyr Lys Leu Ile Asp Val Pro Glu Leu Gly Tyr Phe
Ser Thr 450 455 460 Asp Ser Pro His Pro Arg Gly Glu Leu Ala Ile Lys
Thr Gln Thr Ile465 470 475 480 Leu Pro Gly Tyr Tyr Lys Arg Pro Glu
Thr Thr Ala Glu Val Phe Asp 485 490 495 Glu Asp Gly Phe Tyr Leu Thr
Gly Asp Val Val Ala Gln Ile Gly Pro 500 505 510 Glu Gln Phe Ala Tyr
Val Asp Arg Arg Lys Asn Val Leu Lys Leu Ser 515 520 525 Gln Gly Glu
Phe Val Thr Leu Ala Lys Leu Glu Ala Ala Tyr Ser Ser 530 535 540 Ser
Pro Leu Val Arg Gln Leu Phe Val Tyr Gly Ser Ser Glu Arg Ser545 550
555 560 Tyr Leu Leu Ala Val Ile Val Pro Thr Pro Asp Ala Leu Lys Lys
Phe 565 570 575 Gly Val Gly Glu Ala Ala Lys Ala Ala Leu Gly Glu Ser
Leu Gln Lys 580 585 590 Ile Ala Arg Asp Glu Gly Leu Gln Ser Tyr Glu
Val Pro Arg Asp Phe 595 600 605 Ile Ile Glu Thr Asp Pro Phe Thr Val
Glu Asn Gly Leu Leu Ser Asp 610 615 620 Ala Arg Lys Ser Leu Arg Pro
Lys Leu Lys Glu His Tyr Gly Glu Arg625 630 635 640 Leu Glu Ala Met
Tyr Lys Glu Leu Ala Asp Gly Gln Ala Asn Glu Leu 645 650 655 Arg Asp
Ile Arg Arg Gly Val Gln Gln Arg Pro Thr Leu Glu Thr Val 660 665 670
Arg Arg Ala Ala Ala Ala Met Leu Gly Ala Ser Ala Ala Glu Ile Lys 675
680 685 Pro Asp Ala His Phe Thr Asp Leu Gly Gly Asp Ser Leu Ser Ala
Leu 690 695 700 Thr Phe Ser Asn Phe Leu His Asp Leu Phe Glu Val Asp
Val Pro Val705 710 715 720 Gly Val Ile Val Ser Ala Ala Asn Thr Leu
Gly Ser Val Ala Glu His 725 730 735 Ile Asp Ala Gln Leu Ala Gly Gly
Arg Ala Arg Pro Thr Phe Ala Thr 740 745 750 Val His Gly Lys Gly Ser
Thr Thr Ile Lys Ala Ser Asp Leu Thr Leu 755 760 765 Asp Lys Phe Ile
Asp Glu Gln Thr Leu Glu Ala Ala Lys His Leu Pro 770 775 780 Lys Pro
Ala Asp Pro Pro Arg Thr Val Leu Leu Thr Gly Ala Asn Gly785 790 795
800 Trp Leu Gly Arg Phe Leu Ala Leu Glu Trp Leu Glu Arg Leu Ala Pro
805 810 815 Ala Gly Gly Lys Leu Ile Thr Ile Val Arg Gly Lys Asp Ala
Ala Gln 820 825 830 Ala Lys Ala Arg Leu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Glu Ser Gly
Asp Pro Lys Leu 835 840 845 Ala Gly His Tyr Gln Asp Leu Ala Ala Thr
Thr Leu Glu Val Leu Ala 850 855 860 Gly Asp Phe Ser Glu Pro Arg Leu
Gly Leu Asp Glu Ala Thr Trp Asn865 870 875 880 Arg Leu Ala Asp Glu
Val Asp Phe Ile Ser His Pro Gly Ala Leu Val 885 890 895 Asn His Val
Leu Pro Tyr Asn Gln Leu Phe Gly Pro Asn Val Ala Gly 900 905 910 Val
Ala Glu Ile Ile Lys Leu Ala Ile Thr Thr Arg Ile Lys Pro Val 915 920
925 Thr Tyr Leu Ser Thr Val Ala Val Ala Ala Gly Val Glu Pro Ser Ala
930 935 940 Leu Asp Glu Asp Gly Asp Ile Arg Thr Val Ser Ala Glu Arg
Ser Val945 950 955 960 Asp Glu Gly Tyr Ala Asn Gly Tyr Gly Asn Ser
Lys Trp Gly Gly Glu 965 970 975 Val Leu Leu Arg Glu Ala His Asp Arg
Thr Gly Leu Pro Val Arg Val 980 985 990 Phe Arg Ser Asp Met Ile Leu
Ala His Gln Lys Tyr Thr Gly Gln Val 995 1000 1005 Asn Ala Thr Asp
Gln Phe Thr Arg Leu Val Gln Ser Leu Leu Ala Thr 1010 1015 1020 Gly
Leu Ala Pro Lys Ser Phe Tyr Glu Leu Asp Ala Gln Gly Asn Arg1025
1030 1035 1040 Gln Arg Ala His Tyr Asp Gly Ile Pro Val Asp Phe Thr
Ala Glu Ser 1045 1050 1055 Ile Thr Thr Leu Gly Gly Asp Gly Leu Glu
Gly Tyr Arg Ser Tyr Asn 1060 1065 1070 Val Phe Asn Pro His Arg Asp
Gly Val Gly Leu Asp Glu Phe Val Asp 1075 1080 1085 Trp Leu Ile Glu
Ala Gly His Pro Ile Thr Arg Ile Asp Asp Tyr Asp 1090 1095 1100 Gln
Trp Leu Ser Arg Phe Glu Thr Ser Leu Arg Gly Leu Pro Glu Ser1105
1110 1115 1120 Lys Arg Gln Ala Ser Val Leu Pro Leu Leu His Ala Phe
Ala Arg Pro 1125 1130 1135 Gly Pro Ala Val Asp Gly Ser Pro Phe Arg
Asn Thr Val Phe Arg Thr 1140 1145 1150 Asp Val Gln Lys Ala Lys Ile
Gly Ala Glu His Asp Ile Pro His Leu 1155 1160 1165 Gly Lys Ala Leu
Val Leu Lys Tyr Ala Asp Asp Ile Lys Gln Leu Gly 1170 1175 1180 Leu
Leu1185 13459PRTChromobacterium violaceum 13Met Gln Lys Gln Arg Thr
Thr Ser Gln Trp Arg Glu Leu Asp Ala Ala1 5 10 15 His His Leu His
Pro Phe Thr Asp Thr Ala Ser Leu Asn Gln Ala Gly 20 25 30 Ala Arg
Val Met Thr Arg Gly Glu Gly Val Tyr Leu Trp Asp Ser Glu 35 40 45
Gly Asn Lys Ile Ile Asp Gly Met Ala Gly Leu Trp Cys Val Asn Val 50
55 60 Gly Tyr Gly Arg Lys Asp Phe Ala Glu Ala Ala Arg Arg Gln Met
Glu65 70 75 80 Glu Leu Pro Phe Tyr Asn Thr Phe Phe Lys Thr Thr His
Pro Ala Val 85 90 95 Val Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Leu Ala Glu Val Thr
Pro Ala Gly Phe Asp 100 105 110 Arg Val Phe Tyr Thr Asn Ser Gly Ser
Glu Ser Val Asp Thr Met Ile 115 120 125 Arg Met Val Arg Arg Tyr Trp
Asp Val Gln Gly Lys Pro Glu Lys Lys 130 135 140 Thr Leu Ile Gly Arg
Trp Asn Gly Tyr His Gly Ser Thr Ile Gly Gly145 150 155 160 Ala Ser
Leu Gly Gly Met Lys Tyr Met His Glu Gln Gly Asp Leu Pro 165 170 175
Ile Pro Gly Met Ala His Ile Glu Gln Pro Trp Trp Tyr Lys His Gly 180
185 190 Lys Asp Met Thr Pro Asp Glu Phe Gly Val Val Ala Ala Arg Trp
Leu 195 200 205 Glu Glu Lys Ile Leu Glu Ile Gly Ala Asp Lys Val Ala
Ala Phe Val 210 215 220 Gly Glu Pro Ile Gln Gly Ala Gly Gly Val Ile
Val Pro Pro Ala Thr225 230 235 240 Tyr Trp Pro Glu Ile Glu Arg Ile
Cys Arg Lys Tyr Asp Val Leu Leu 245 250 255 Val Ala Asp Glu Val Ile
Cys Gly Phe Gly Arg Thr Gly Glu Trp Phe 260 265 270 Gly His Gln His
Phe Gly Phe Gln Pro Asp Leu Phe Thr Ala Ala
Lys 275 280 285 Gly Leu Ser Ser Gly Tyr Leu Pro Ile Gly Ala Val Phe
Val Gly Lys 290 295 300 Arg Val Ala Glu Gly Leu Ile Ala Gly Gly Asp
Phe Asn His Gly Phe305 310 315 320 Thr Tyr Ser Gly His Pro Val Cys
Ala Ala Val Ala His Ala Asn Val 325 330 335 Ala Ala Leu Arg Asp Glu
Gly Ile Val Gln Arg Val Lys Asp Asp Ile 340 345 350 Gly Pro Tyr Met
Gln Lys Arg Trp Arg Glu Thr Phe Ser Arg Phe Glu 355 360 365 His Val
Asp Asp Val Arg Gly Val Gly Met Val Gln Ala Phe Thr Leu 370 375 380
Val Lys Asn Lys Ala Lys Arg Glu Leu Phe Pro Asp Phe Gly Glu Ile385
390 395 400 Gly Thr Leu Cys Arg Asp Ile Phe Phe Arg Asn Asn Leu Ile
Met Arg 405 410 415 Ala Cys Gly Asp His Ile Val Ser Ala Pro Pro Leu
Val Met Thr Arg 420 425 430 Ala Glu Val Asp Glu Met Leu Ala Val Ala
Glu Arg Cys Leu Glu Glu 435 440 445 Phe Glu Gln Thr Leu Lys Ala Arg
Gly Leu Ala 450 455 14468PRTPseudomonas aeruginosa 14Met Asn Ala
Arg Leu His Ala Thr Ser Pro Leu Gly Asp Ala Asp Leu1 5 10 15 Val
Arg Ala Asp Gln Ala His Tyr Met His Gly Tyr His Val Phe Asp 20 25
30 Asp His Arg Val Asn Gly Ser Leu Asn Ile Ala Ala Gly Asp Gly Ala
35 40 45 Tyr Ile Tyr Asp Thr Ala Gly Asn Arg Tyr Leu Asp Ala Val
Gly Gly 50 55 60 Met Trp Cys Thr Asn Ile Gly Leu Gly Arg Glu Glu
Met Ala Arg Thr65 70 75 80 Val Ala Glu Gln Thr Arg Leu Leu Ala Tyr
Ser Asn Pro Phe Cys Asp 85 90 95 Met Ala Asn Pro Arg Ala Ile Glu
Leu Cys Arg Lys Leu Ala Glu Leu 100 105 110 Ala Pro Gly Asp Leu Asp
His Val Phe Leu Thr Thr Gly Gly Ser Thr 115 120 125 Ala Val Asp Thr
Ala Ile Arg Leu Met His Tyr Tyr Gln Asn Cys Arg 130 135 140 Gly Lys
Arg Ala Lys Lys His Val Ile Thr Arg Ile Asn Ala Tyr His145 150 155
160 Gly Ser Thr Phe Leu Gly Met Ser Leu Gly Gly Lys Ser Ala Asp Arg
165 170 175 Pro Ala Glu Phe Asp Phe Leu Asp Glu Arg Ile His His Leu
Ala Cys 180 185 190 Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Arg Ala Pro Glu Gly Leu Gly Glu
Ala Glu Phe Leu 195 200 205 Asp Gly Leu Val Asp Glu Phe Glu Arg Lys
Ile Leu Glu Leu Gly Ala 210 215 220 Asp Arg Val Gly Ala Phe Ile Ser
Glu Pro Val Phe Gly Ser Gly Gly225 230 235 240 Val Ile Val Pro Pro
Ala Gly Tyr His Arg Arg Met Trp Glu Leu Cys 245 250 255 Gln Arg Tyr
Asp Val Leu Tyr Ile Ser Asp Glu Val Val Thr Ser Phe 260 265 270 Gly
Arg Leu Gly His Phe Phe Ala Ser Gln Ala Val Phe Gly Val Gln 275 280
285 Pro Asp Ile Ile Leu Thr Ala Lys Gly Leu Thr Ser Gly Tyr Gln Pro
290 295 300 Leu Gly Ala Cys Ile Phe Ser Arg Arg Ile Trp Glu Val Ile
Ala Glu305 310 315 320 Pro Asp Lys Gly Arg Cys Phe Ser His Gly Phe
Thr Tyr Ser Gly His 325 330 335 Pro Val Ala Cys Ala Ala Ala Leu Lys
Asn Ile Glu Ile Ile Glu Arg 340 345 350 Glu Gly Leu Leu Ala His Ala
Asp Glu Val Gly Arg Tyr Phe Glu Glu 355 360 365 Arg Leu Gln Ser Leu
Arg Asp Leu Pro Ile Val Gly Asp Val Arg Gly 370 375 380 Met Arg Phe
Met Ala Cys Val Glu Phe Val Ala Asp Lys Ala Ser Lys385 390 395 400
Ala Leu Phe Pro Glu Ser Leu Asn Ile Gly Glu Trp Val His Leu Arg 405
410 415 Ala Gln Lys Arg Gly Leu Leu Val Arg Pro Ile Val His Leu Asn
Val 420 425 430 Met Ser Pro Pro Leu Ile Leu Thr Arg Glu Gln Val Asp
Thr Val Val 435 440 445 Arg Val Leu Arg Glu Ser Ile Glu Glu Thr Val
Glu Asp Leu Val Arg 450 455 460 Ala Gly His Arg465
15454PRTPseudomonas syringae 15Met Ser Ala Asn Asn Pro Gln Thr Leu
Glu Trp Gln Ala Leu Ser Ser1 5 10 15 Glu His His Leu Ala Pro Phe
Ser Asp Tyr Lys Gln Leu Lys Glu Lys 20 25 30 Gly Pro Arg Ile Ile
Thr Arg Ala Glu Gly Val Tyr Leu Trp Asp Ser 35 40 45 Glu Gly Asn
Lys Ile Leu Asp Gly Met Ser Gly Leu Trp Cys Val Ala 50 55 60 Ile
Gly Tyr Gly Arg Glu Glu Leu Ala Asp Ala Ala Ser Lys Gln Met65 70 75
80 Arg Glu Leu Pro Tyr Tyr Asn Leu Phe Phe Gln Thr Ala His Pro Pro
85 90 95 Val Leu Glu Leu Ala Lys Ala Ile Ser Asp Ile Ala Pro Glu
Gly Met 100 105 110 Asn His Val Phe Phe Thr Gly Ser Gly Ser Glu Gly
Asn Asp Thr Met 115 120 125 Leu Arg Met Val Arg His Tyr Trp Ala Leu
Lys Gly Gln Pro Asn Lys 130 135 140 Lys Thr Ile Ile Ser Arg Val Asn
Gly Tyr His Gly Ser Thr Val Ala145 150 155 160 Gly Ala Ser Leu Gly
Gly Met Thr Tyr Met His Glu Gln Gly Asp Leu 165 170 175 Pro Ile Pro
Gly Val Val His Ile Pro Gln Pro Tyr Trp Phe Gly Glu 180 185 190 Gly
Gly Asp Met Thr Pro Asp Glu Phe Gly Ile Trp Ala Ala Glu Gln 195 200
205 Leu Glu Lys Lys Ile Leu Glu Leu Gly Val Glu Asn Val Gly Ala Phe
210 215 220 Ile Ala Glu Pro Ile Gln Gly Ala Gly Gly Val Ile Val Pro
Pro Asp225 230 235 240 Ser Tyr Trp Pro Lys Ile Lys Glu Ile Leu Ser
Arg Tyr Asp Ile Leu 245 250 255 Phe Ala Ala Asp Glu Val Ile Cys Gly
Phe Gly Arg Thr Ser Glu Trp 260 265 270 Phe Gly Ser Asp Phe Tyr Gly
Leu Arg Pro Asp Met Met Thr Ile Ala 275 280 285 Lys Gly Leu Thr Ser
Gly Tyr Val Pro Met Gly Gly Leu Ile Val Arg 290 295 300 Asp Glu Ile
Val Ala Val Leu Asn Glu Gly Gly Asp Phe Asn His Gly305 310 315 320
Phe Thr Tyr Ser Gly His Pro Val Ala Ala Ala Val Ala Leu Glu Asn 325
330 335 Ile Arg Ile Leu Arg Glu Glu Lys Ile Val Glu Arg Val Arg Ser
Glu 340 345 350 Thr Ala Pro Tyr Leu Gln Lys Arg Leu Arg Glu Leu Ser
Asp His Pro 355 360 365 Leu Val Gly Glu Val Arg Gly Val Gly Leu Leu
Gly Ala Ile Glu Leu 370 375 380 Val Lys Asp Lys Thr Thr Arg Glu Arg
Tyr Thr Asp Lys Gly Ala Gly385 390 395 400 Met Ile Cys Arg Thr Phe
Cys Phe Asp Asn Gly Leu Ile Met Arg Ala 405 410 415 Val Gly Asp Thr
Met Ile Ile Ala Pro Pro Leu Val Ile Ser Phe Ala 420 425 430 Gln Ile
Asp Glu Leu Val Glu Lys Ala Arg Thr Cys Leu Asp Leu Thr 435 440 445
Leu Ala Val Leu Gln Gly 450 16467PRTRhodobacter sphaeroides 16Met
Thr Arg Asn Asp Ala Thr Asn Ala Ala Gly Ala Val Gly Ala Ala1 5 10
15 Met Arg Asp His Ile Leu Leu Pro Ala Gln Glu Met Ala Lys Leu Gly
20 25 30 Lys Ser Ala Gln Pro Val Leu Thr His Ala Glu Gly Ile Tyr
Val His 35 40 45 Thr Glu Asp Gly Arg Arg Leu Ile Asp Gly Pro Ala
Gly Met Trp Cys 50 55 60 Ala Gln Val Gly Tyr Gly Arg Arg Glu Ile
Val Asp Ala Met Ala His65 70 75 80 Gln Ala Met Val Leu Pro Tyr Ala
Ser Pro Trp Tyr Met Ala Thr Ser 85 90 95 Pro Ala Ala Arg Leu Ala
Glu Lys Ile Ala Thr Leu Thr Pro Gly Asp 100 105 110 Leu Asn Arg Ile
Phe Phe Thr Thr Gly Gly Ser Thr Ala Val Asp Ser 115 120 125 Ala Leu
Arg Phe Ser Glu Phe Tyr Asn Asn Val Leu Gly Arg Pro Gln 130 135 140
Lys Lys Arg Ile Ile Val Arg Tyr Asp Gly Tyr His Gly Ser Thr Ala145
150 155 160 Leu Thr Ala Ala Cys Thr Gly Arg Thr Gly Asn Trp Pro Asn
Phe Asp 165 170 175 Ile Ala Gln Asp Arg Ile Ser Phe Leu Ser Ser Pro
Asn Pro Arg His 180 185 190 Ala Gly Asn Arg Ser Gln Glu Ala Phe Leu
Asp Asp Leu Val Gln Glu 195 200 205 Phe Glu Asp Arg Ile Glu Ser Leu
Gly Pro Asp Thr Ile Ala Ala Phe 210 215 220 Leu Ala Glu Pro Ile Leu
Ala Ser Gly Gly Val Ile Ile Pro Pro Ala225 230 235 240 Gly Tyr His
Ala Arg Phe Lys Ala Ile Cys Glu Lys His Asp Ile Leu 245 250 255 Tyr
Ile Ser Asp Glu Val Val Thr Gly Phe Gly Arg Cys Gly Glu Trp 260 265
270 Phe Ala Ser Glu Lys Val Phe Gly Val Val Pro Asp Ile Ile Thr Phe
275 280 285 Ala Lys Gly Val Thr Ser Gly Tyr Val Pro Leu Gly Gly Leu
Ala Ile 290 295 300 Ser Glu Ala Val Leu Ala Arg Ile Ser Gly Glu Asn
Ala Lys Gly Ser305 310 315 320 Trp Phe Thr Asn Gly Tyr Thr Tyr Ser
Asn Gln Pro Val Ala Cys Ala 325 330 335 Ala Ala Leu Ala Asn Ile Glu
Leu Met Glu Arg Glu Gly Ile Val Asp 340 345 350 Gln Ala Arg Glu Met
Ala Asp Tyr Phe Ala Ala Ala Leu Ala Ser Leu 355 360 365 Arg Asp Leu
Pro Gly Val Ala Glu Thr Arg Ser Val Gly Leu Val Gly 370 375 380 Cys
Val Gln Cys Leu Leu Asp Pro Thr Arg Ala Asp Gly Thr Ala Glu385 390
395 400 Asp Lys Ala Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile Asp Glu Arg Cys Phe Glu Leu
Gly 405 410 415 Leu Ile Val Arg Pro Leu Gly Asp Leu Cys Val Ile Ser
Pro Pro Leu 420 425 430 Ile Ile Ser Arg Ala Gln Ile Asp Glu Met Val
Ala Ile Met Arg Gln 435 440 445 Ala Ile Thr Glu Val Ser Ala Ala His
Gly Leu Thr Ala Lys Glu Pro 450 455 460 Ala Ala Val465
17459PRTEscherichia coli 17Met Asn Arg Leu Pro Ser Ser Ala Ser Ala
Leu Ala Cys Ser Ala His1 5 10 15 Ala Leu Asn Leu Ile Glu Lys Arg
Thr Leu Asp His Glu Glu Met Lys 20 25 30 Ala Leu Asn Arg Glu Val
Ile Glu Tyr Phe Lys Glu His Val Asn Pro 35 40 45 Gly Phe Leu Glu
Tyr Arg Lys Ser Val Thr Ala Gly Gly Asp Tyr Gly 50 55 60 Ala Val
Glu Trp Gln Ala Gly Ser Leu Asn Thr Leu Val Asp Thr Gln65 70 75 80
Gly Gln Glu Phe Ile Asp Cys Leu Gly Gly Phe Gly Ile Phe Asn Val 85
90 95 Gly His Arg Asn Pro Val Val Val Ser Ala Val Gln Asn Gln Leu
Ala 100 105 110 Lys Gln Pro Leu His Ser Gln Glu Leu Leu Asp Pro Leu
Arg Ala Met 115 120 125 Leu Ala Lys Thr Leu Ala Ala Leu Thr Pro Gly
Lys Leu Lys Tyr Ser 130 135 140 Phe Phe Cys Asn Ser Gly Thr Glu Ser
Val Glu Ala Ala Leu Lys Leu145 150 155 160 Ala Lys Ala Tyr Gln Ser
Pro Arg Gly Lys Phe Thr Phe Ile Ala Thr 165 170 175 Ser Gly Ala Phe
His Gly Lys Ser Leu Gly Ala Leu Ser Ala Thr Ala 180 185 190 Lys Ser
Thr Phe Arg Lys Pro Phe Met Pro Leu Leu Pro Gly Phe Arg 195 200 205
His Val Pro Phe Gly Asn Ile Glu Ala Met Arg Thr Ala Leu Asn Glu 210
215 220 Cys Lys Lys Thr Gly Asp Asp Val Ala Ala Val Ile Leu Glu Pro
Ile225 230 235 240 Gln Gly Glu Gly Gly Val Ile Leu Pro Pro Pro Gly
Tyr Leu Thr Ala 245 250 255 Val Arg Lys Leu Cys Asp Glu Phe Gly Ala
Leu Met Ile Leu Asp Glu 260 265 270 Val Gln Thr Gly Met Gly Arg Thr
Gly Lys Met Phe Ala Cys Glu His 275 280 285 Glu Asn Val Gln Pro Asp
Ile Leu Cys Leu Ala Lys Ala Leu Gly Gly 290 295 300 Gly Val Met Pro
Ile Gly Ala Thr Ile Ala Thr Glu Glu Val Phe Ser305 310 315 320 Val
Leu Phe Asp Asn Pro Phe Leu His Thr Thr Thr Phe Gly Gly Asn 325 330
335 Pro Leu Ala Cys Ala Ala Ala Leu Ala Thr Ile Asn Val Leu Leu Glu
340 345 350 Gln Asn Leu Pro Ala Gln Ala Glu Gln Lys Gly Asp Met Leu
Leu Asp 355 360 365 Gly Phe Arg Gln Leu Ala Arg Glu Tyr Pro Asp Leu
Val Gln Glu Ala 370 375 380 Arg Gly Lys Gly Met Leu Met Ala Ile Glu
Phe Val Asp Asn Glu Ile385 390 395 400 Gly Tyr Asn Phe Ala Ser Glu
Met Phe Arg Gln Arg Val Leu Val Ala 405 410 415 Gly Thr Leu Asn Asn
Ala Lys Thr Ile Arg Ile Glu Pro Pro Leu Thr 420 425 430 Leu Thr Ile
Glu Gln Cys Glu Leu Val Ile Lys Ala Ala Arg Lys Ala 435 440 445 Leu
Ala Ala Met Arg Val Ser Val Glu Glu Ala 450 455 18453PRTVibrio
Fluvialis 18Met Asn Lys Pro Gln Ser Trp Glu Ala Arg Ala Glu Thr Tyr
Ser Leu1 5 10 15 Tyr Gly Phe Thr Asp Met Pro Ser Leu His Gln Arg
Gly Thr Val Val 20 25 30 Val Thr His Gly Glu Gly Pro Tyr Ile Val
Asp Val Asn Gly Arg Arg 35 40 45 Tyr Leu Asp Ala Asn Ser Gly Leu
Trp Asn Met Val Ala Gly Phe Asp 50 55 60 His Lys Gly Leu Ile Asp
Ala Ala Lys Ala Gln Tyr Glu Arg Phe Pro65 70 75 80 Gly Tyr His Ala
Phe Phe Gly Arg Met Ser Asp Gln Thr Val Met Leu 85 90 95 Ser Glu
Lys Leu Val Glu Val Ser Pro Phe Asp Ser Gly Arg Val Phe 100 105 110
Tyr Thr Asn Ser Gly Ser Glu Ala Asn Asp Thr Met Val Lys Met Leu 115
120 125 Trp Phe Leu His Ala Ala Glu Gly Lys Pro Gln Lys Arg Lys Ile
Leu 130 135 140 Thr Arg Trp Asn Ala Tyr His Gly Val Thr Ala Val Ser
Ala Ser Met145 150 155 160 Thr Gly Lys Pro Tyr Asn Ser Val Phe Gly
Leu Pro Leu Pro Gly Phe 165 170 175 Val His Leu Thr Cys Pro His Tyr
Trp Arg Tyr Gly Glu Glu Gly Glu 180 185 190 Thr Glu Glu Gln Phe Val
Ala Arg Leu Ala Arg Glu Leu Glu Glu Thr 195 200 205 Ile Gln Arg Glu
Gly Ala Asp Thr Ile Ala Gly Phe Phe Ala Glu Pro 210 215 220 Val Met
Gly Ala Gly Gly Val Ile Pro Pro Ala Lys Gly Tyr Phe Gln225 230 235
240 Ala Ile Leu Pro Ile Leu Arg Lys Tyr Asp Ile Pro Val Ile Ser Asp
245 250 255 Glu Val Ile Cys Gly Phe Gly Arg Thr Gly
Asn Thr Trp Gly Cys Val 260 265 270 Thr Tyr Asp Phe Thr Pro Asp Ala
Ile Ile Ser Ser Lys Asn Leu Thr 275 280 285 Ala Gly Phe Phe Pro Met
Gly Ala Val Ile Leu Gly Pro Glu Leu Ser 290 295 300 Lys Arg Leu Glu
Thr Ala Ile Glu Ala Ile Glu Glu Phe Pro His Gly305 310 315 320 Phe
Thr Ala Ser Gly His Pro Val Gly Cys Ala Ile Ala Leu Lys Ala 325 330
335 Ile Asp Val Val Met Asn Glu Gly Leu Ala Glu Asn Val Arg Arg Leu
340 345 350 Ala Pro Arg Phe Glu Glu Arg Leu Lys His Ile Ala Glu Arg
Pro Asn 355 360 365 Ile Gly Glu Tyr Arg Gly Ile Gly Phe Met Trp Ala
Leu Glu Ala Val 370 375 380 Lys Asp Lys Ala Ser Lys Thr Pro Phe Asp
Gly Asn Leu Ser Val Ser385 390 395 400 Glu Arg Ile Ala Asn Thr Cys
Thr Asp Leu Gly Leu Ile Cys Arg Pro 405 410 415 Leu Gly Gln Ser Val
Val Leu Cys Pro Pro Phe Ile Leu Thr Glu Ala 420 425 430 Gln Met Asp
Glu Met Phe Asp Lys Leu Glu Lys Ala Leu Asp Lys Val 435 440 445 Phe
Ala Glu Val Ala 450 19224PRTBacillus subtilis 19Met Lys Ile Tyr Gly
Ile Tyr Met Asp Arg Pro Leu Ser Gln Glu Glu1 5 10 15 Asn Glu Arg
Phe Met Ser Phe Ile Ser Pro Glu Lys Arg Glu Lys Cys 20 25 30 Arg
Arg Phe Tyr His Lys Glu Asp Ala His Arg Thr Leu Leu Gly Asp 35 40
45 Val Leu Val Arg Ser Val Ile Ser Arg Gln Tyr Gln Leu Asp Lys Ser
50 55 60 Asp Ile Arg Phe Ser Thr Gln Glu Tyr Gly Lys Pro Cys Ile
Pro Asp65 70 75 80 Leu Pro Asp Ala His Phe Asn Ile Ser His Ser Gly
Arg Trp Val Ile 85 90 95 Cys Ala Phe Asp Ser Gln Pro Ile Gly Ile
Asp Ile Glu Lys Thr Lys 100 105 110 Pro Ile Ser Leu Glu Ile Ala Lys
Arg Phe Phe Ser Lys Thr Glu Tyr 115 120 125 Ser Asp Leu Leu Ala Lys
Asp Lys Asp Glu Gln Thr Asp Tyr Phe Tyr 130 135 140 His Leu Trp Ser
Met Lys Glu Ser Phe Ile Lys Gln Glu Gly Lys Gly145 150 155 160 Leu
Ser Leu Pro Leu Asp Ser Phe Ser Val Arg Leu His Gln Asp Gly 165 170
175 Gln Val Ser Ile Glu Leu Pro Asp Ser His Ser Pro Cys Tyr Ile Lys
180 185 190 Thr Tyr Glu Val Asp Pro Gly Tyr Lys Met Ala Val Cys Ala
Ala His 195 200 205 Pro Asp Phe Pro Glu Asp Ile Thr Met Val Ser Tyr
Glu Glu Leu Leu 210 215 220 20222PRTNocardia sp. NRRL 5646 20Met
Ile Glu Thr Ile Leu Pro Ala Gly Val Glu Ser Ala Glu Leu Leu1 5 10
15 Glu Tyr Pro Glu Asp Leu Lys Ala His Pro Ala Glu Glu His Leu Ile
20 25 30 Ala Lys Ser Val Glu Lys Arg Arg Arg Asp Phe Ile Gly Ala
Arg His 35 40 45 Cys Ala Arg Leu Ala Leu Ala Glu Leu Gly Glu Pro
Pro Val Ala Ile 50 55 60 Gly Lys Gly Glu Arg Gly Ala Pro Ile Trp
Pro Arg Gly Val Val Gly65 70 75 80 Ser Leu Thr His Cys Asp Gly Tyr
Arg Ala Ala Ala Val Ala His Lys 85 90 95 Met Arg Phe Arg Ser Ile
Gly Ile Asp Ala Glu Pro His Ala Thr Leu 100 105 110 Pro Glu Gly Val
Leu Asp Ser Val Ser Leu Pro Pro Glu Arg Glu Trp 115 120 125 Leu Lys
Thr Thr Asp Ser Ala Leu His Leu Asp Arg Leu Leu Phe Cys 130 135 140
Ala Lys Glu Ala Thr Tyr Lys Ala Trp Trp Pro Leu Thr Ala Arg Trp145
150 155 160 Leu Gly Phe Glu Glu Ala His Ile Thr Phe Glu Ile Glu Asp
Gly Ser 165 170 175 Ala Asp Ser Gly Asn Gly Thr Phe His Ser Glu Leu
Leu Val Pro Gly 180 185 190 Gln Thr Asn Asp Gly Gly Thr Pro Leu Leu
Ser Phe Asp Gly Arg Trp 195 200 205 Leu Ile Ala Asp Gly Phe Ile Leu
Thr Ala Ile Ala Tyr Ala 210 215 220 21286PRTEscherichia coli 21Met
Ser Gln Ala Leu Lys Asn Leu Leu Thr Leu Leu Asn Leu Glu Lys1 5 10
15 Ile Glu Glu Gly Leu Phe Arg Gly Gln Ser Glu Asp Leu Gly Leu Arg
20 25 30 Gln Val Phe Gly Gly Gln Val Val Gly Gln Ala Leu Tyr Ala
Ala Lys 35 40 45 Glu Thr Val Pro Glu Glu Arg Leu Val His Ser Phe
His Ser Tyr Phe 50 55 60 Leu Arg Pro Gly Asp Ser Lys Lys Pro Ile
Ile Tyr Asp Val Glu Thr65 70 75 80 Leu Arg Asp Gly Asn Ser Phe Ser
Ala Arg Arg Val Ala Ala Ile Gln 85 90 95 Asn Gly Lys Pro Ile Phe
Tyr Met Thr Ala Ser Phe Gln Ala Pro Glu 100 105 110 Ala Gly Phe Glu
His Gln Lys Thr Met Pro Ser Ala Pro Ala Pro Asp 115 120 125 Gly Leu
Pro Ser Glu Thr Gln Ile Ala Gln Ser Leu Ala His Leu Leu 130 135 140
Pro Pro Val Leu Lys Asp Lys Phe Ile Cys Asp Arg Pro Leu Glu Val145
150 155 160 Arg Pro Val Glu Phe His Asn Pro Leu Lys Gly His Val Ala
Glu Pro 165 170 175 His Arg Gln Val Trp Ile Arg Ala Asn Gly Ser Val
Pro Asp Asp Leu 180 185 190 Arg Val His Gln Tyr Leu Leu Gly Tyr Ala
Ser Asp Leu Asn Phe Leu 195 200 205 Pro Val Ala Leu Gln Pro His Gly
Ile Gly Phe Leu Glu Pro Gly Ile 210 215 220 Gln Ile Ala Thr Ile Asp
His Ser Met Trp Phe His Arg Pro Phe Asn225 230 235 240 Leu Asn Glu
Trp Leu Leu Tyr Ser Val Glu Ser Thr Ser Ala Ser Ser 245 250 255 Ala
Arg Gly Phe Val Arg Gly Glu Phe Tyr Thr Gln Asp Gly Val Leu 260 265
270 Val Ala Ser Thr Val Gln Glu Gly Val Met Arg Asn His Asn 275 280
285 22561PRTEscherichia coli 22Met Lys Lys Val Trp Leu Asn Arg Tyr
Pro Ala Asp Val Pro Thr Glu1 5 10 15 Ile Asn Pro Asp Arg Tyr Gln
Ser Leu Val Asp Met Phe Glu Gln Ser 20 25 30 Val Ala Arg Tyr Ala
Asp Gln Pro Ala Phe Val Asn Met Gly Glu Val 35 40 45 Met Thr Phe
Arg Lys Leu Glu Glu Arg Ser Arg Ala Phe Ala Ala Tyr 50 55 60 Leu
Gln Gln Gly Leu Gly Leu Lys Lys Gly Asp Arg Val Ala Leu Met65 70 75
80 Met Pro Asn Leu Leu Gln Tyr Pro Val Ala Leu Phe Gly Ile Leu Arg
85 90 95 Ala Gly Met Ile Val Val Asn Val Asn Pro Leu Tyr Thr Pro
Arg Glu 100 105 110 Leu Glu His Gln Leu Asn Asp Ser Gly Ala Ser Ala
Ile Val Ile Val 115 120 125 Ser Asn Phe Ala His Thr Leu Glu Lys Val
Val Asp Lys Thr Ala Val 130 135 140 Gln His Val Ile Leu Thr Arg Met
Gly Asp Gln Leu Ser Thr Ala Lys145 150 155 160 Gly Thr Val Val Asn
Phe Val Val Lys Tyr Ile Lys Arg Leu Val Pro 165 170 175 Lys Tyr His
Leu Pro Asp Ala Ile Ser Phe Arg Ser Ala Leu His Asn 180 185 190 Gly
Tyr Arg Met Gln Tyr Val Lys Pro Glu Leu Val Pro Glu Asp Leu 195 200
205 Ala Phe Leu Gln Tyr Thr Gly Gly Thr Thr Gly Val Ala Lys Gly Ala
210 215 220 Met Leu Thr His Arg Asn Met Leu Ala Asn Leu Glu Gln Val
Asn Ala225 230 235 240 Thr Tyr Gly Pro Leu Leu His Pro Gly Lys Glu
Leu Val Val Thr Ala 245 250 255 Leu Pro Leu Tyr His Ile Phe Ala Leu
Thr Ile Asn Cys Leu Leu Phe 260 265 270 Ile Glu Leu Gly Gly Gln Asn
Leu Leu Ile Thr Asn Pro Arg Asp Ile 275 280 285 Pro Gly Leu Val Lys
Glu Leu Ala Lys Tyr Pro Phe Thr Ala Ile Thr 290 295 300 Gly Val Asn
Thr Leu Phe Asn Ala Leu Leu Asn Asn Lys Glu Phe Gln305 310 315 320
Gln Leu Asp Phe Ser Ser Leu His Leu Ser Ala Gly Gly Gly Met Pro 325
330 335 Val Gln Gln Val Val Ala Glu Arg Trp Val Lys Leu Thr Gly Gln
Tyr 340 345 350 Leu Leu Glu Gly Tyr Gly Leu Thr Glu Cys Ala Pro Leu
Val Ser Val 355 360 365 Asn Pro Tyr Asp Ile Asp Tyr His Ser Gly Ser
Ile Gly Leu Pro Val 370 375 380 Pro Ser Thr Glu Ala Lys Leu Val Asp
Asp Asp Asp Asn Glu Val Pro385 390 395 400 Pro Gly Gln Pro Gly Glu
Leu Cys Val Lys Gly Pro Gln Val Met Leu 405 410 415 Gly Tyr Trp Gln
Arg Pro Asp Ala Thr Asp Glu Ile Ile Lys Asn Gly 420 425 430 Trp Leu
His Thr Gly Asp Ile Ala Val Met Asp Glu Glu Gly Phe Leu 435 440 445
Arg Ile Val Asp Arg Lys Lys Asp Met Ile Leu Val Ser Gly Phe Asn 450
455 460 Val Tyr Pro Asn Glu Ile Glu Asp Val Val Met Gln His Pro Gly
Val465 470 475 480 Gln Glu Val Ala Ala Val Gly Val Pro Ser Gly Ser
Ser Gly Glu Ala 485 490 495 Val Lys Ile Phe Val Val Lys Lys Asp Pro
Ser Leu Thr Glu Glu Ser 500 505 510 Leu Val Thr Phe Cys Arg Arg Gln
Leu Thr Gly Tyr Lys Val Pro Lys 515 520 525 Leu Val Glu Phe Arg Asp
Glu Leu Pro Lys Ser Asn Val Gly Lys Ile 530 535 540 Leu Arg Arg Glu
Leu Arg Asp Glu Ala Arg Gly Lys Val Asp Asn Lys545 550 555 560
Ala23515PRTCupriavidus necator 23Met His Pro His Ile His Ala Gln
Arg Thr Pro Glu Lys Pro Ala Val1 5 10 15 Ile Met Gly Gly Ser Gly
Ala Val Val Thr Tyr Arg Glu Leu Asp Glu 20 25 30 Arg Ser Asn Gln
Val Ala His Leu Phe Arg Ser Gln Gly Leu Gln Pro 35 40 45 Gly Asp
Arg Val Ala Phe Met Val Glu Asn His Pro Arg Leu Phe Glu 50 55 60
Leu Cys Trp Gly Ala Gln Arg Ser Gly Ile Val Tyr Val Cys Leu Ser65
70 75 80 Thr Arg Leu Asn Val Ala Asp Ala Ala His Ile Ile Asn Asp
Ser Gly 85 90 95 Ala Arg Leu Leu Val Thr Thr His Ala Gln Ala Glu
Val Ala Ala Ala 100 105 110 Leu Ala Gly Gln Thr Pro Ala Leu Arg Gly
Arg Leu Met Leu Asp Gly 115 120 125 Thr Met Pro Gly Tyr Asp Ala Tyr
Glu Thr Ala Leu Ala Arg Cys Pro 130 135 140 Ala Thr Arg Ile Asp Asp
Glu Val Thr Gly Gly Asp Met Leu Tyr Ser145 150 155 160 Ser Gly Thr
Thr Gly Arg Pro Lys Gly Val Tyr Ala Pro Pro Ser Ser 165 170 175 Pro
Asn Ile Asp Asp Pro Thr Thr Leu Thr Ser Leu Cys Gln Arg Leu 180 185
190 Tyr Gly Phe Asp Ala Glu Thr Arg Tyr Leu Ser Pro Ala Pro Leu Tyr
195 200 205 His Ala Ala Pro Leu Arg Tyr Asn Met Thr Val Gln Ala Leu
Gly Gly 210 215 220 Thr Ala Val Val Met Glu His Phe Asp Ala Glu His
Tyr Leu Gln Leu225 230 235 240 Val Gln Gln His Arg Ile Thr His Thr
Gln Leu Val Pro Thr Met Phe 245 250 255 Ser Arg Met Leu Lys Leu Pro
Glu Ala Gln Arg Gln Ala Tyr Asp Val 260 265 270 Ser Ser Leu Arg Val
Ala Ile His Ala Ala Ala Pro Cys Pro Val Gln 275 280 285 Val Lys Glu
Ala Met Ile Ala Trp Trp Gly Pro Val Ile Trp Glu Tyr 290 295 300 Tyr
Ala Gly Thr Glu Gly Asn Gly Val Thr Val Val Ser Thr Pro Glu305 310
315 320 Trp Leu Glu Arg Lys Gly Thr Val Gly Arg Ala Met Val Gly Lys
Leu 325 330 335 Arg Ile Cys Gly Pro Asp Gly Ala Leu Leu Pro Pro Gly
Glu Ser Gly 340 345 350 Thr Ile Tyr Phe Ala Glu Gly Arg Asp Phe Ser
Tyr His Asn Asp Glu 355 360 365 Ala Lys Thr Ala Glu Ser Arg His Pro
Gln Gln Pro Asp Trp Ser Thr 370 375 380 Ile Gly Asp Val Gly Tyr Val
Asp Ala Asp Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Leu Thr385 390 395 400 Asp Arg Lys Ala
Asn Met Ile Ile Ser Gly Gly Val Asn Ile Tyr Pro 405 410 415 Gln Glu
Ala Glu Asn Leu Leu Met Thr His Pro Lys Val Met Asp Val 420 425 430
Ala Val Ile Gly Val Pro Asn Glu Asp Phe Gly Glu Glu Val Lys Ala 435
440 445 Val Val Gln Pro Val Asp Met Ser Gln Ala Gly Pro Glu Leu Ala
Ala 450 455 460 Glu Leu Ile Ala Phe Cys Arg Ala Asn Leu Ser Ala Ile
Lys Cys Pro465 470 475 480 Arg Ser Val Asp Phe Ala Ser Glu Leu Pro
Arg Leu Pro Thr Gly Lys 485 490 495 Leu Leu Lys Arg Leu Leu Arg Asp
Arg Tyr Trp Gly Gly His Ala Asn 500 505 510 Lys Leu Val 515
24320PRTAcidaminococcus fermentans 24Met Ser Lys Val Met Thr Leu
Lys Asp Ala Ile Ala Lys Tyr Val His1 5 10 15 Ser Gly Asp His Ile
Ala Leu Gly Gly Phe Thr Thr Asp Arg Lys Pro 20 25 30 Tyr Ala Ala
Val Phe Glu Ile Leu Arg Gln Gly Ile Thr Asp Leu Thr 35 40 45 Gly
Leu Gly Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Asp Trp Asp Met Leu Ile Gly Asn 50 55
60 Gly Arg Val Lys Ala Tyr Ile Asn Cys Tyr Thr Ala Asn Ser Gly
Val65 70 75 80 Thr Asn Val Ser Arg Arg Phe Arg Lys Trp Phe Glu Ala
Gly Lys Leu 85 90 95 Thr Met Glu Asp Tyr Ser Gln Asp Val Ile Tyr
Met Met Trp His Ala 100 105 110 Ala Ala Leu Gly Leu Pro Phe Leu Pro
Val Thr Leu Met Gln Gly Ser 115 120 125 Gly Leu Thr Asp Glu Trp Gly
Ile Ser Lys Glu Val Arg Lys Thr Leu 130 135 140 Asp Lys Val Pro Asp
Asp Lys Phe Lys Tyr Ile Asp Asn Pro Phe Lys145 150 155 160 Pro Gly
Glu Lys Val Val Ala Val Pro Val Pro Gln Val Asp Val Ala 165 170 175
Ile Ile His Ala Gln Gln Ala Ser Pro Asp Gly Thr Val Arg Ile Trp 180
185 190 Gly Gly Lys Phe Gln Asp Val Asp Ile Ala Glu Ala Ala Lys Tyr
Thr 195 200 205 Ile Val Thr Cys Glu Glu Ile Ile Ser Asp Glu Glu Ile
Arg Arg Asp 210 215 220 Pro Thr Lys Asn Asp Ile Pro Gly Met Cys Val
Asp Ala Val Val Leu225 230 235 240 Ala Pro Tyr Gly Ala His Pro Ser
Gln Cys Tyr Gly Leu Tyr Asp Tyr 245 250 255 Asp Asn Pro Phe Leu Lys
Val Tyr Asp Lys Val Ser Lys Thr Gln Glu 260 265 270 Asp Phe Asp Ala
Phe Cys Lys Glu Trp Val Phe Asp Leu Lys Asp His 275 280 285 Asp
Glu Tyr Leu Asn Lys Leu Gly Ala Thr Arg Leu Ile Asn Leu Lys 290 295
300 Val Val Pro Gly Leu Gly Tyr His Ile Asp Met Thr Lys Glu Asp
Lys305 310 315 320 25266PRTAcidaminococcus fermentans 25Met Ala Asp
Tyr Thr Asn Tyr Thr Asn Lys Glu Met Gln Ala Val Thr1 5 10 15 Ile
Ala Lys Gln Ile Lys Asn Gly Gln Val Val Thr Val Gly Thr Gly 20 25
30 Leu Pro Leu Ile Gly Ala Ser Val Ala Lys Arg Val Tyr Ala Pro Asp
35 40 45 Cys His Ile Ile Val Glu Ser Gly Leu Met Asp Cys Ser Pro
Val Glu 50 55 60 Val Pro Arg Ser Val Gly Asp Leu Arg Phe Met Ala
His Cys Gly Cys65 70 75 80 Ile Trp Pro Asn Val Arg Phe Val Gly Phe
Glu Ile Asn Glu Tyr Leu 85 90 95 His Lys Ala Asn Arg Leu Ile Ala
Phe Ile Gly Gly Ala Gln Ile Asp 100 105 110 Pro Tyr Gly Asn Val Asn
Ser Thr Ser Ile Gly Asp Tyr His His Pro 115 120 125 Lys Thr Arg Phe
Thr Gly Ser Gly Gly Ala Asn Gly Ile Ala Thr Tyr 130 135 140 Ser Asn
Thr Ile Ile Met Met Gln His Glu Lys Arg Arg Phe Met Asn145 150 155
160 Lys Ile Asp Tyr Val Thr Ser Pro Gly Trp Ile Asp Gly Pro Gly Gly
165 170 175 Arg Glu Arg Leu Gly Leu Pro Gly Asp Val Gly Pro Gln Leu
Val Val 180 185 190 Thr Asp Lys Gly Ile Leu Lys Phe Asp Glu Lys Thr
Lys Arg Met Tyr 195 200 205 Leu Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Pro Thr Ser Ser Pro
Glu Asp Val Leu Glu Asn 210 215 220 Thr Gly Phe Asp Leu Asp Val Ser
Lys Ala Val Glu Leu Glu Ala Pro225 230 235 240 Asp Pro Ala Val Ile
Lys Leu Ile Arg Glu Glu Ile Asp Pro Gly Gln 245 250 255 Ala Phe Ile
Gln Val Pro Thr Glu Ala Lys 260 265 26397PRTTreponema denticola
26Met Ile Val Lys Pro Met Val Arg Asn Asn Ile Cys Leu Asn Ala His1
5 10 15 Pro Gln Gly Cys Lys Lys Gly Val Glu Asp Gln Ile Glu Tyr Thr
Lys 20 25 30 Lys Arg Ile Thr Ala Glu Val Lys Ala Gly Ala Lys Ala
Pro Lys Asn 35 40 45 Val Leu Val Leu Gly Cys Ser Asn Gly Tyr Gly
Leu Ala Ser Arg Ile 50 55 60 Thr Ala Ala Phe Gly Tyr Gly Ala Ala
Thr Ile Gly Val Ser Phe Glu65 70 75 80 Lys Ala Gly Ser Glu Thr Lys
Tyr Gly Thr Pro Gly Trp Tyr Asn Asn 85 90 95 Leu Ala Phe Asp Glu
Ala Ala Lys Arg Glu Gly Leu Tyr Ser Val Thr 100 105 110 Ile Asp Gly
Asp Ala Phe Ser Asp Glu Ile Lys Ala Gln Val Ile Glu 115 120 125 Glu
Ala Lys Lys Lys Gly Ile Lys Phe Asp Leu Ile Val Tyr Ser Leu 130 135
140 Ala Ser Pro Val Arg Thr Asp Pro Asp Thr Gly Ile Met His Lys
Ser145 150 155 160 Val Leu Lys Pro Phe Gly Lys Thr Phe Thr Gly Lys
Thr Val Asp Pro 165 170 175 Phe Thr Gly Glu Leu Lys Glu Ile Ser Ala
Glu Pro Ala Asn Asp Glu 180 185 190 Glu Ala Ala Ala Thr Val Lys Val
Met Gly Gly Glu Asp Trp Glu Arg 195 200 205 Trp Ile Lys Gln Leu Ser
Lys Glu Gly Leu Leu Glu Glu Gly Cys Ile 210 215 220 Thr Leu Ala Tyr
Ser Tyr Ile Gly Pro Glu Ala Thr Gln Ala Leu Tyr225 230 235 240 Arg
Lys Gly Thr Ile Gly Lys Ala Lys Glu His Leu Glu Ala Thr Ala 245 250
255 His Arg Leu Asn Lys Glu Asn Pro Ser Ile Arg Ala Phe Val Ser Val
260 265 270 Asn Lys Gly Leu Val Thr Arg Ala Ser Ala Val Ile Pro Val
Ile Pro 275 280 285 Leu Tyr Leu Ala Ser Leu Phe Lys Val Met Lys Glu
Lys Gly Asn His 290 295 300 Glu Gly Cys Ile Glu Gln Ile Thr Arg Leu
Tyr Ala Glu Arg Leu Tyr305 310 315 320 Arg Lys Asp Gly Thr Ile Pro
Val Asp Glu Glu Asn Arg Ile Arg Ile 325 330 335 Asp Asp Trp Glu Leu
Glu Glu Asp Val Gln Lys Ala Val Ser Ala Leu 340 345 350 Met Glu Lys
Val Thr Gly Glu Asn Ala Glu Ser Leu Thr Asp Leu Ala 355 360 365 Gly
Tyr Arg His Asp Phe Leu Ala Ser Asn Gly Phe Asp Val Glu Gly 370 375
380 Ile Asn Tyr Glu Ala Glu Val Glu Arg Phe Asp Arg Ile385 390 395
27539PRTEuglena gracilis 27Met Ser Cys Pro Ala Ser Pro Ser Ala Ala
Val Val Ser Ala Gly Ala1 5 10 15 Leu Cys Leu Cys Val Ala Thr Val
Leu Leu Ala Thr Gly Ser Asn Pro 20 25 30 Thr Ala Leu Ser Thr Ala
Ser Thr Arg Ser Pro Thr Ser Leu Val Arg 35 40 45 Gly Val Asp Arg
Gly Leu Met Arg Pro Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Leu Thr 50 55 60 Thr Met
Arg Glu Val Pro Gln Met Ala Glu Gly Phe Ser Gly Glu Ala65 70 75 80
Thr Ser Ala Trp Ala Ala Ala Gly Pro Gln Trp Ala Ala Pro Leu Val 85
90 95 Ala Ala Ala Ser Ser Ala Leu Ala Leu Trp Trp Trp Ala Ala Arg
Arg 100 105 110 Ser Val Arg Arg Pro Leu Ala Ala Leu Ala Glu Leu Pro
Thr Ala Val 115 120 125 Thr His Leu Ala Pro Pro Met Ala Met Phe Thr
Thr Thr Ala Lys Val 130 135 140 Ile Gln Pro Lys Ile Arg Gly Phe Ile
Cys Thr Thr Thr His Pro Ile145 150 155 160 Gly Cys Glu Lys Arg Val
Gln Glu Glu Ile Ala Tyr Ala Arg Ala His 165 170 175 Pro Pro Thr Ser
Pro Gly Pro Lys Arg Val Leu Val Ile Gly Cys Ser 180 185 190 Thr Gly
Tyr Gly Leu Ser Thr Arg Ile Thr Ala Ala Phe Gly Tyr Gln 195 200 205
Ala Ala Thr Leu Gly Val Phe Leu Ala Gly Pro Pro Thr Lys Gly Arg 210
215 220 Pro Ala Ala Ala Gly Trp Tyr Asn Thr Val Ala Phe Glu Lys Ala
Ala225 230 235 240 Leu Glu Ala Gly Leu Tyr Ala Arg Ser Leu Asn Gly
Asp Ala Phe Asp 245 250 255 Ser Thr Thr Lys Ala Arg Thr Val Glu Ala
Ile Lys Arg Asp Leu Gly 260 265 270 Thr Val Asp Leu Val Val Tyr Ser
Ile Ala Ala Pro Lys Arg Thr Asp 275 280 285 Pro Ala Thr Gly Val Leu
His Lys Ala Cys Leu Lys Pro Ile Gly Ala 290 295 300 Thr Tyr Thr Asn
Arg Thr Val Asn Thr Asp Lys Ala Glu Val Thr Asp305 310 315 320 Val
Ser Ile Glu Pro Ala Ser Pro Glu Glu Ile Ala Asp Thr Val Lys 325 330
335 Val Met Gly Gly Glu Asp Trp Glu Leu Trp Ile Gln Ala Leu Ser Glu
340 345 350 Ala Gly Val Leu Ala Glu Gly Ala Lys Thr Val Ala Tyr Ser
Tyr Ile 355 360 365 Gly Pro Glu Met Thr Trp Pro Val Tyr Trp Ser Gly
Thr Ile Gly Glu 370 375 380 Ala Lys Lys Asp Val Glu Lys Ala Ala Lys
Arg Ile Thr Gln Gln Tyr385 390 395 400 Gly Cys Pro Ala Tyr Pro Val
Val Ala Lys Ala Leu Val Thr Gln Ala 405 410 415 Ser Ser Ala Ile Pro
Val Val Pro Leu Tyr Ile Cys Leu Leu Tyr Arg 420 425 430 Val Met Lys
Glu Lys Gly Thr His Glu Gly Cys Ile Glu Gln Met Val 435 440 445 Arg
Leu Leu Thr Thr Lys Leu Tyr Pro Glu Asn Gly Ala Pro Ile Val 450 455
460 Asp Glu Ala Gly Arg Val Arg Val Asp Asp Trp Glu Met Ala Glu
Asp465 470 475 480 Val Gln Gln Ala Val Lys Asp Leu Trp Ser Gln Val
Ser Thr Ala Asn 485 490 495 Leu Lys Asp Ile Ser Asp Phe Ala Gly Tyr
Gln Thr Glu Phe Leu Arg 500 505 510 Leu Phe Gly Phe Gly Ile Asp Gly
Val Asp Tyr Asp Gln Pro Val Asp 515 520 525 Val Glu Ala Asp Leu Pro
Ser Ala Ala Gln Gln 530 535 28398PRTPseudomonas reinekei MT1 28Met
Lys Asn Ala Leu Ile Val Ser Pro Leu Arg Thr Pro Ile Gly Lys1 5 10
15 Phe Gly Gly Ala Leu Ala Pro Leu Thr Ala Glu His Leu Ala Ser Phe
20 25 30 Met Ile Ser Gln Val Met Ala Arg Thr Gly Val Pro Gly His
Ser Leu 35 40 45 Asp Glu Val Ile Val Ala Gln Ser Tyr Ala Ser Ser
Glu Ala Pro Cys 50 55 60 Ile Gly Arg Tyr Ala Ala Leu Ser Ala Gly
Leu Pro Val Glu Val Pro65 70 75 80 Gly Tyr Thr Leu Asp Arg Arg Cys
Gly Ser Gly Leu Gln Ala Val Ile 85 90 95 Asp Ala Ser Met Met Val
Lys Thr Gly Asn Ala Glu Ala Val Leu Val 100 105 110 Val Gly Val Glu
Ser Met Ser Asn Ile Glu Tyr Tyr Ser Thr Asp Met 115 120 125 Arg Trp
Gly Ala Arg Ala Gly Ser Val Arg Phe His Asp Arg Leu Glu 130 135 140
Arg Gly Arg Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Ser Glu Arg Phe Gly His Ile Ser145
150 155 160 Gly Met Pro Glu Thr Ala Asp Asn Leu Ala Leu Asp Tyr Gly
Ile Ser 165 170 175 Arg Glu Glu Ala Asp Ser Phe Ser Val Arg Ser His
Gln Asn Ala Ala 180 185 190 Ala Ala Trp Arg Glu Gly Arg Phe Ala Asp
Glu Val Val Ala Val Asp 195 200 205 Val Pro Gly Lys Arg Gly Ala Val
Thr Arg Val Thr Ile Asp Glu Gly 210 215 220 Ile Arg Glu Asp Ala Ser
Leu Glu Ser Met Lys Ala Leu Arg Leu Ile225 230 235 240 Arg Pro Glu
Gly Val Cys Thr Ala Gly Asn Ser Ser Gln Gln Asn Asp 245 250 255 Ala
Ala Ala Gly Cys Leu Val Val Ser Pro Glu Tyr Ala Ala Arg His 260 265
270 Gly Leu Thr Pro Met Ala Arg Leu Val Asp Trp Ala Ala Ala Gly Cys
275 280 285 Glu Pro Ser Arg Met Gly Ile Gly Pro Val Pro Ala Thr Gln
Lys Leu 290 295 300 Leu Met Arg Thr Gly Leu Ser Leu Ala Glu Leu Asp
Leu Ile Glu Leu305 310 315 320 Asn Glu Ala Phe Ala Ala Gln Ala Leu
Ala Val Leu Lys Thr Trp Gly 325 330 335 Leu Asp Asp Leu Ser Arg Val
Asn Val Asn Gly Ser Gly Ile Ser Leu 340 345 350 Gly His Pro Ile Gly
Ala Thr Gly Val Arg Ile Met Thr Thr Leu Leu 355 360 365 His Glu Met
Arg Arg Arg Glu Ala Arg Tyr Gly Leu Glu Thr Met Cys 370 375 380 Ile
Gly Gly Gly Gln Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu Phe Glu Arg Val385 390 395
29400PRTPseudomonas putida 29Met Arg Asp Val Phe Ile Cys Asp Ala
Ile Arg Thr Pro Ile Gly Arg1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Gly Ala Leu Ala Gly
Val Arg Ala Asp Asp Leu Ala Ala Val 20 25 30 Pro Leu Lys Ala Leu
Ile Glu Pro Asn Pro Ala Val Gln Trp Asp Gln 35 40 45 Val Asp Glu
Val Phe Phe Gly Cys Ala Asn Gln Ala Gly Glu Asp Asn 50 55 60 Arg
Asn Val Ala Arg Met Ala Leu Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Pro Glu Ser65 70 75
80 Ile Pro Gly Val Thr Leu Asn Arg Leu Cys Ala Ser Gly Met Asp Ala
85 90 95 Ile Gly Thr Ala Phe Arg Ala Ile Ala Ser Gly Glu Met Glu
Leu Ala 100 105 110 Ile Ala Gly Gly Val Glu Ser Met Ser Arg Ala Pro
Phe Val Met Gly 115 120 125 Lys Ala Glu Ser Gly Tyr Ser Arg Asn Met
Lys Leu Glu Asp Thr Thr 130 135 140 Ile Gly Trp Arg Phe Ile Asn Pro
Leu Met Lys Ser Gln Tyr Gly Val145 150 155 160 Asp Ser Met Pro Glu
Thr Ala Asp Asn Val Ala Asp Asp Tyr Gln Val 165 170 175 Ser Arg Ala
Asp Gln Asp Ala Phe Ala Leu Arg Ser Gln Gln Lys Ala 180 185 190 Ala
Ala Ala Gln Ala Ala Gly Phe Phe Ala Glu Glu Ile Val Pro Val 195 200
205 Arg Ile Ala His Lys Lys Gly Glu Thr Ile Val Glu Arg Asp Glu His
210 215 220 Leu Arg Pro Glu Thr Thr Leu Glu Ala Leu Thr Lys Leu Lys
Pro Val225 230 235 240 Asn Gly Pro Asp Lys Thr Val Thr Ala Gly Asn
Ala Ser Gly Val Asn 245 250 255 Asp Gly Ala Ala Ala Leu Ile Leu Ala
Ser Ala Glu Ala Val Lys Lys 260 265 270 His Gly Leu Thr Pro Arg Ala
Arg Val Leu Gly Met Ala Ser Gly Gly 275 280 285 Val Ala Pro Arg Val
Met Gly Ile Gly Pro Val Pro Ala Val Arg Lys 290 295 300 Leu Thr Glu
Arg Leu Gly Val Ala Val Ser Asp Phe Asp Val Ile Glu305 310 315 320
Leu Asn Glu Ala Phe Ala Ser Gln Gly Leu Ala Val Leu Arg Glu Leu 325
330 335 Gly Val Ala Asp Asp Ala Pro Gln Val Asn Pro Asn Gly Gly Ala
Ile 340 345 350 Ala Leu Gly His Pro Leu Gly Met Ser Gly Ala Arg Leu
Val Leu Thr 355 360 365 Ala Leu His Gln Leu Glu Lys Ser Gly Gly Arg
Lys Gly Leu Ala Thr 370 375 380 Met Cys Val Gly Val Gly Gln Gly Leu
Ala Leu Ala Ile Glu Arg Val385 390 395 400 30400PRTBurkholderia
xenovorans 30Met Thr Glu Ala Phe Leu Cys Asp Ala Ile Arg Thr Pro
Ile Gly Arg1 5 10 15 Tyr Ala Gly Ala Leu Ser Ser Val Arg Ala Asp
Asp Leu Gly Ala Val 20 25 30 Pro Leu Lys Ala Leu Met Glu Arg Asn
Lys Glu Val Asp Trp Asn Ala 35 40 45 Ile Asp Asp Val Ile Tyr Gly
Cys Ala Asn Gln Ala Gly Glu Asp Asn 50 55 60 Arg Asn Val Ala Arg
Met Ser Leu Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Pro Gln Gly65 70 75 80 Val Pro Gly
Thr Thr Val Asn Arg Leu Cys Gly Ser Gly Met Asp Ala 85 90 95 Val
Gly Ile Ala Ala Arg Ala Ile Lys Ser Gly Glu Ala Ala Leu Met 100 105
110 Val Ala Gly Gly Val Glu Ser Met Ser Arg Ala Pro Phe Val Thr Gly
115 120 125 Lys Ala Thr Ser Ala Phe Ser Arg Gln Ala Glu Ile Tyr Asp
Thr Thr 130 135 140 Ile Gly Trp Arg Phe Val Asn Pro Leu Met Lys Lys
Leu Tyr Gly Val145 150 155 160 Asp Ser Met Pro Glu Thr Gly Glu Asn
Val Ala Thr Asp Tyr Asn Ile 165 170 175 Ser Arg Ala Asp Gln Asp Ala
Phe Ala Leu Arg Ser Gln Gln Lys Ala 180 185 190 Ala Arg Ala Gln Arg
Asp Gly Thr Leu Ala Gln Glu Ile Val Gly Val 195 200 205 Thr Ile Ala
Gln Lys Lys Gly Asp Pro Val Thr Val Ser Gln Asp Glu 210 215 220 His
Pro Arg Glu Thr Ser Leu Asp Ala Leu Ala Lys Leu Lys Gly Val225 230
235 240 Val Arg Pro Asp Gly Thr Val Thr Ala Gly Asn Ala Ser Gly Val
Asn 245 250
255 Asp Gly Ala Ala Ala Leu Leu Leu Ala Asn Glu Glu Thr Ala Arg Arg
260 265 270 Phe Gly Leu Thr Pro Arg Ala Arg Val Leu Gly Ile Ala Thr
Ala Gly 275 280 285 Val Ala Pro Arg Val Met Gly Ile Gly Pro Ala Pro
Ala Thr Gln Lys 290 295 300 Leu Leu Ala Arg Leu Asn Met Ser Leu Asp
Gln Phe Asp Val Ile Glu305 310 315 320 Leu Asn Glu Ala Phe Ala Ser
Gln Gly Ile Ala Val Leu Arg Ala Leu 325 330 335 Gly Val Ala Asp Asp
Asp Thr Arg Val Asn Pro Asn Gly Gly Ala Ile 340 345 350 Ala Leu Gly
His Pro Leu Gly Met Ser Gly Ala Arg Leu Val Thr Thr 355 360 365 Ala
Met Tyr Gln Leu His Arg Thr Gln Gly Arg Phe Ala Leu Cys Thr 370 375
380 Met Cys Ile Gly Val Gly Gln Gly Ile Ala Ile Ala Ile Glu Arg
Val385 390 395 400 31456PRTArthrobacter sp. 31Met Ser Phe Asn Gly
Gln Ser Ala Thr Gly Pro Asp Glu Ser Ala Ala1 5 10 15 Ala Pro Ala
Ala Thr Pro Gly Ala Gly Leu Leu Arg Lys Ala Val Val 20 25 30 Val
Gly Gly Asn Arg Ile Pro Phe Ala Arg Thr Gly Gly Ala Tyr Thr 35 40
45 Lys Ser Ser Asn Gln Asp Met Leu Thr Ala Ala Leu Asp Gly Leu Ile
50 55 60 Ala Arg Phe Gly Leu Ala Asp Glu Arg Ile Gly Glu Val Ala
Ala Gly65 70 75 80 Ala Val Leu Lys His Ser Arg Asp Phe Asn Leu Thr
Arg Glu Ala Val 85 90 95 Leu Gly Ser Ala Leu Ser Ala Glu Thr Pro
Ala Tyr Asp Leu Gln Gln 100 105 110 Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly Leu Glu Thr
Val Leu Gly Leu Ala Asn Lys Ile 115 120 125 Lys Leu Gly Gln Ile Asp
Ser Ala Ile Ala Gly Gly Val Asp Ser Ala 130 135 140 Ser Asp Ala Pro
Ile Ala Val Ser Glu Gly Leu Arg Glu Val Leu Leu145 150 155 160 Asp
Leu Asn Arg Ala Lys Thr Leu Pro Gln Arg Leu Lys Val Leu Gly 165 170
175 Arg Leu Arg Pro Lys Asp Leu Ala Pro Asp Ala Pro Asn Thr Gly Glu
180 185 190 Pro Arg Thr Gly Leu Ser Met Gly Glu His Gln Ala Leu Thr
Thr Ala 195 200 205 Gln Trp Lys Ile Thr Arg Glu Ala Gln Asp Glu Leu
Ala Tyr Asn Ser 210 215 220 His Arg Asn Leu Ala Ala Ala Tyr Asp Ala
Gly Phe Phe Asp Asp Leu225 230 235 240 Leu Thr Pro Tyr Arg Gly Leu
Asn Arg Asp Ser Asn Leu Arg Ala Asp 245 250 255 Thr Thr Arg Glu Lys
Leu Ser Thr Leu Lys Pro Val Phe Gly Lys Asn 260 265 270 Leu Gly Ala
Glu Ala Thr Met Thr Ala Gly Asn Ser Thr Pro Leu Thr 275 280 285 Asp
Gly Ala Ser Thr Val Leu Leu Ala Ser Glu Glu Trp Ala Asp Ala 290 295
300 His Glu Leu Pro Lys Leu Ala Thr Val Val Asp Gly Glu Ala Ala
Ala305 310 315 320 Val Asp Phe Val His Gly Lys Asp Gly Leu Leu Met
Ala Pro Ala Phe 325 330 335 Ala Val Pro Arg Leu Leu Ala Arg Asn Gly
Leu Thr Leu Asp Asp Ile 340 345 350 Asp Phe Phe Glu Ile His Glu Ala
Phe Ala Gly Thr Val Leu Ser Thr 355 360 365 Leu Ala Ala Trp Glu Asp
Glu Glu Phe Gly Arg Thr Arg Leu Gly Leu 370 375 380 Asp Gly Pro Leu
Gly Ser Ile Asp Arg Ala Lys Leu Asn Val Asn Gly385 390 395 400 Ser
Ser Leu Ala Ala Gly His Pro Phe Ala Ala Thr Gly Gly Arg Ile 405 410
415 Val Ala Thr Leu Ala Lys Met Leu His Asp Lys Gly Gln Val Asp Gly
420 425 430 Arg Pro Ala Arg Gly Leu Ile Ser Ile Cys Ala Ala Gly Gly
Gln Gly 435 440 445 Val Val Ala Ile Leu Glu Ala Ser 450 455
32394PRTBurkholderia xenovorans 32Met Thr Arg Asp Thr Arg Asp Val
Val Ile Val Asp Ala Val Arg Thr1 5 10 15 Pro Ile Gly Lys Phe Arg
Gly Ala Leu Ala Gly Val Arg Ala Asp His 20 25 30 Leu Gly Ala Leu
Val Ile Asp Glu Leu Ile Arg Arg Ala Gly Val Lys 35 40 45 Pro Gln
Ala Val Asn Asp Val Val Phe Gly Cys Val Thr Gln Ile Gly 50 55 60
Glu Gln Ser Ala Asn Ile Ala Arg Thr Ser Val Leu Gly Ala Gly Trp65
70 75 80 Pro Glu Thr Ile Pro Gly Leu Thr Ile Asp Arg Lys Cys Gly
Ser Gly 85 90 95 Glu Glu Ala Val His Ile Ala Ala Gly Leu Ile Ala
Phe Gly Ala Ala 100 105 110 Asp Val Ile Val Ala Gly Gly Ala Glu Ser
Met Ser Arg Val Pro Met 115 120 125 Gly Ser Asn Arg Asp Leu His Gly
Glu Ala Phe Gly Trp Met Ala Ser 130 135 140 Glu Arg Phe Glu Leu Thr
Ser Gln Gly Glu Ala Ala Glu Arg Leu Cys145 150 155 160 Asp Cys Trp
Ala Leu Thr Arg Ala Gln Leu Asp Ala Tyr Ser Val Glu 165 170 175 Ser
His Arg Arg Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Ala Glu Gly Trp Phe Ala Arg 180 185
190 Glu Ile Val Pro Val Pro Val Gly Gln Val Arg Glu Lys Ser Leu Glu
195 200 205 Gly Glu Ala Ala Leu Phe Ala Ala Asp Glu Thr Ile Arg Pro
Gly Thr 210 215 220 Asn Ala Asp Lys Leu Ala Thr Leu Lys Ser Ser Phe
Arg Ser Asp Gly225 230 235 240 Arg Leu Thr Ala Gly Asn Ser Ser Gln
Ile Ser Asp Gly Ala Ala Ala 245 250 255 Leu Leu Leu Met Ser Ser Asp
Lys Ala Arg Glu Leu Gly Val Lys Ala 260 265 270 Arg Ala Arg Val Arg
Ala Val Thr Thr Val Gly Ser Asp Pro Thr Leu 275 280 285 Met Leu Thr
Gly Pro Ile Leu Ala Thr Cys Gln Val Leu Glu Lys Ala 290 295 300 Gly
Leu Gly Leu Ser Asp Ile Asp Leu Phe Glu Ile Asn Glu Ala Phe305 310
315 320 Ala Pro Val Pro Leu Val Trp Met Lys Glu Phe Gly Val Pro His
Ala 325 330 335 Lys Leu Asn Val Asn Gly Gly Ala Ile Ala Leu Gly His
Pro Leu Gly 340 345 350 Ala Ser Gly Ala Arg Ile Met Thr Ser Met Leu
His Glu Leu Glu Arg 355 360 365 Arg Gly Ala Arg Tyr Gly Leu Gln Ala
Ile Cys Cys Ala Gly Gly Met 370 375 380 Gly Thr Ala Thr Leu Ile Glu
Arg Leu Asp385 390 33382PRTGeobacillus kaustophilus 33Met Arg Glu
Ala Val Ile Val Glu Ala Val Arg Thr Pro Val Gly Lys1 5 10 15 Arg
Asn Gly Val Phe Arg Asp Val His Pro Val His Leu Ala Ala Val 20 25
30 Val Leu Asp Glu Val Val Arg Arg Ala Gly Met Asp Lys Gly Ala Val
35 40 45 Glu Asp Ile Val Met Gly Cys Val Thr Pro Val Ala Glu Gln
Gly Tyr 50 55 60 Asn Ile Gly Arg Leu Ala Ala Leu Glu Ala Gly Phe
Pro Ile Glu Val65 70 75 80 Pro Ala Val Gln Ile Asn Arg Met Cys Gly
Ser Gly Gln Gln Ala Ile 85 90 95 His Phe Ala Ala Gln Glu Ile Arg
Ser Gly Asp Met Asp Val Thr Ile 100 105 110 Ala Ala Gly Val Glu Ser
Met Thr Lys Val Pro Ile Leu Ser Asp Gly 115 120 125 Asn Glu Arg Thr
Ile Pro Pro Ser Leu His Glu Lys Tyr Glu Phe Ile 130 135 140 His Gln
Gly Val Ser Ala Glu Arg Ile Ala Lys Lys Tyr Gly Leu Thr145 150 155
160 Arg Glu Glu Leu Asp Ala Tyr Ala Tyr Glu Ser His Gln Arg Ala Leu
165 170 175 Ala Ala Leu Arg Glu Gly Lys Phe Arg Ala Glu Ile Val Pro
Val Lys 180 185 190 Gly Leu Asp Arg Asp Gly Arg Glu Ile Leu Val Thr
Asp Asp Glu Gly 195 200 205 Pro Arg Ala Asp Thr Ser Pro Glu Ala Leu
Ala Ala Leu Lys Pro Val 210 215 220 Phe Gln Glu Asp Gly Leu Ile Thr
Ala Gly Asn Ala Ser Gln Met Ser225 230 235 240 Asp Gly Ala Ala Ala
Val Leu Leu Met Glu Arg Glu Ala Ala Arg Arg 245 250 255 Phe Gly Leu
Lys Pro Lys Ala Arg Ile Val Ala Gln Thr Val Val Gly 260 265 270 Ser
Asp Pro Thr Tyr Met Leu Asp Gly Val Ile Pro Ala Thr Arg Gln 275 280
285 Val Leu Lys Lys Ala Gly Leu Ser Ile Asp Asp Ile Asp Leu Ile Glu
290 295 300 Ile Asn Glu Ala Phe Ala Pro Val Val Leu Ala Trp Gln Lys
Glu Ile305 310 315 320 Gly Ala Pro Leu Glu Lys Val Asn Val Asn Gly
Gly Ala Ile Ala Leu 325 330 335 Gly His Pro Leu Gly Ala Thr Gly Ala
Lys Leu Met Thr Ser Leu Val 340 345 350 His Glu Leu Glu Arg Arg Gly
Gly Arg Tyr Gly Leu Leu Thr Ile Cys 355 360 365 Ile Gly His Gly Met
Ala Thr Ala Thr Ile Ile Glu Arg Glu 370 375 380 34415PRTGordonia
bronchialis 34Met Ala Pro Cys Ser Val Lys Ala Met Pro Glu Ala Val
Ile Val Ala1 5 10 15 His Ala Arg Ser Pro Ile Gly Arg Ala Gly Lys
Gly Ser Leu Lys Asp 20 25 30 Val Arg Pro Asp Glu Leu Ser Arg Gln
Met Val Ala Ala Ala Leu Ala 35 40 45 Lys Val Pro Glu Leu Ala Pro
Ser Asp Ile Glu Asp Ile His Trp Gly 50 55 60 Ile Gly Gln Pro Gly
Gly Gln Gly Gly Tyr Asn Ile Ala Arg Val Ile65 70 75 80 Ala Val Glu
Leu Gly Tyr Asp His Ile Pro Gly Val Thr Val Asn Arg 85 90 95 Tyr
Cys Ser Ser Ser Leu Gln Thr Thr Arg Met Ala Leu His Ala Ile 100 105
110 Lys Ala Gly Glu Ala Asp Val Leu Ile Ser Gly Gly Val Glu Ser Val
115 120 125 Ser Ser Phe Gly Ile Ser Gly Gly Ala Asp Gly Ala Pro Asp
Ser Lys 130 135 140 Asn Pro Val Phe Asp Asp Ala Gln Ala Arg Thr Ala
Lys Ala Ala Glu145 150 155 160 Gly Gly Ala Pro Ala Trp Thr Asp Pro
Arg Glu Gln Gly Leu Ile Pro 165 170 175 Asp Val Tyr Ile Ala Met Gly
Gln Thr Ala Glu Asn Val Ala Ser Phe 180 185 190 Thr Gly Ile Ser Arg
Glu Asp Gln Asp Arg Trp Ser Val Leu Ser Gln 195 200 205 Asn Arg Ala
Glu Glu Ala Ile Asn Ala Gly Phe Phe Glu Arg Glu Ile 210 215 220 Asp
Pro Val Thr Leu Pro Asp Gly Ser Thr Val Asn Thr Asp Asp Gly225 230
235 240 Pro Arg Ala Gly Thr Thr Tyr Glu Lys Val Ser Gln Leu Lys Pro
Val 245 250 255 Phe Arg Pro Asp Gly Thr Val Thr Ala Gly Asn Ala Cys
Pro Leu Asn 260 265 270 Asp Gly Ala Ala Ala Leu Val Ile Met Ser Asp
Ser Lys Ala Lys Gln 275 280 285 Leu Gly Leu Thr Pro Leu Ala Arg Val
Val Ala Thr Ala Ala Thr Gly 290 295 300 Leu Ser Pro Glu Ile Met Gly
Leu Gly Pro Ile Glu Ala Ile Arg Lys305 310 315 320 Val Leu Arg Ile
Ser Gly Met Ser Leu Ser Asp Ile Asp Leu Val Glu 325 330 335 Ile Asn
Glu Ala Phe Ala Val Gln Val Leu Gly Ser Ala Asn Glu Leu 340 345 350
Gly Ile Asp His Asp Lys Leu Asn Val Ser Gly Gly Ala Ile Ala Leu 355
360 365 Gly His Pro Phe Gly Met Thr Gly Ala Arg Ile Thr Thr Thr Leu
Leu 370 375 380 Asn Asn Leu Gln Thr Arg Asp Lys Thr Phe Gly Ile Glu
Ser Met Cys385 390 395 400 Val Gly Gly Gly Gln Gly Met Ala Met Val
Leu Glu Arg Leu Ser 405 410 415 35387PRTCitrobacter freundii 35Met
Glu Gln Val Val Ile Val Asp Ala Ile Arg Thr Pro Met Gly Arg1 5 10
15 Ser Lys Gly Gly Ala Phe Arg Asn Val Arg Ala Glu Asp Leu Ser Ala
20 25 30 His Leu Met Arg Ser Leu Leu Ala Arg Asn Pro Ala Leu Asp
Pro Thr 35 40 45 Ala Leu Asp Asp Ile Tyr Trp Gly Cys Val Gln Gln
Thr Leu Glu Gln 50 55 60 Gly Phe Asn Ile Ala Arg Asn Ala Ala Leu
Leu Ala Glu Ile Pro His65 70 75 80 Ser Val Pro Ala Val Thr Val Asn
Arg Leu Cys Gly Ser Ser Met Gln 85 90 95 Ala Leu His Asp Ala Ala
Arg Met Ile Met Thr Gly Asp Ala Gln Ala 100 105 110 Cys Leu Ile Gly
Gly Val Glu His Met Gly His Val Pro Met Ser His 115 120 125 Gly Val
Asp Phe His Pro Gly Met Ser Arg Asn Val Ala Lys Ala Ala 130 135 140
Gly Met Met Gly Leu Thr Ala Glu Met Leu Ser Arg Met His Gly Ile145
150 155 160 Ser Arg Glu Met Gln Asp Ala Phe Ala Ala Arg Ser His Ala
Arg Ala 165 170 175 Trp Ala Ala Thr Gln Ser Gly Ala Phe Lys Asn Glu
Ile Ile Pro Thr 180 185 190 Gly Gly His Asp Ala Asp Gly Val Leu Lys
Gln Phe Asn Tyr Asp Glu 195 200 205 Val Ile Arg Pro Glu Thr Thr Val
Glu Ala Leu Ser Thr Leu Arg Pro 210 215 220 Ala Phe Asp Pro Val Ser
Gly Thr Val Thr Ala Gly Thr Ser Ser Ala225 230 235 240 Leu Ser Asp
Gly Ala Ala Ala Met Leu Val Met Ser Glu Ser Arg Ala 245 250 255 Arg
Glu Leu Gly Leu Thr Pro Arg Ala Arg Ile Arg Ser Met Ala Val 260 265
270 Val Gly Cys Asp Pro Ser Ile Met Gly Tyr Gly Pro Val Pro Ala Ser
275 280 285 Lys Leu Ala Leu Lys Lys Ala Gly Leu Ser Thr Ser Asp Ile
Gly Leu 290 295 300 Phe Glu Met Asn Glu Ala Phe Ala Ala Gln Ile Leu
Pro Cys Ile Lys305 310 315 320 Asp Leu Gly Leu Met Glu Gln Ile Asp
Glu Lys Ile Asn Leu Asn Gly 325 330 335 Gly Ala Ile Ala Leu Gly His
Pro Leu Gly Cys Ser Gly Ala Arg Ile 340 345 350 Ser Thr Thr Leu Leu
Asn Leu Met Glu Arg Lys Asp Val Gln Phe Gly 355 360 365 Leu Ala Thr
Met Cys Ile Gly Leu Gly Gln Gly Ile Ala Thr Val Phe 370 375 380 Glu
Arg Val385 36393PRTBurkholderia sp. 36Met Arg Glu Ala Val Ile Val
Ser Thr Ala Arg Thr Pro Leu Thr Lys1 5 10 15 Ala His Arg Gly Glu
Phe Asn Ile Thr Pro Gly Pro Thr Leu Ala Ser 20 25 30 Phe Ala Val
Arg Ala Ala Val Glu Arg Ser Gly Val Asp Pro Asp Ile 35 40 45 Ile
Glu Asp Ala Ile Leu Gly Cys Gly Tyr Pro Glu Gly Thr Thr Gly 50 55
60 Arg Asn Val Ala Arg Gln Ser Val Ile Arg Ala Gly Leu Pro Leu
Ser65 70 75 80 Ile Ala Gly Thr Thr Val Asn Arg Phe Cys Ala Ser Gly
Leu Gln Ala 85 90 95 Ile Ala Met Ala Ala Gly Arg Ile Val Val Asp
Gly Ala Pro Ala Met
100 105 110 Ile Ala Gly Gly Val Glu Ser Ile Ser Asn Ile Gln Thr Arg
Glu Asp 115 120 125 Gly Val Ser Gly Leu Asp Pro Trp Ile Val Glu His
Lys Pro Ser Leu 130 135 140 Tyr Thr Ala Met Ile Asp Thr Ala Asp Ile
Val Ala Arg Arg Tyr Gly145 150 155 160 Ile Ser Arg Glu Ala Gln Asp
Gln Phe Ser Val Glu Ser Gln Arg Arg 165 170 175 Thr Ala Glu Ala Gln
Gln Ala Gly Arg Tyr Ala Asp Glu Ile Ile Pro 180 185 190 Val Thr Thr
Thr Met Ala Ile Thr Asp Lys Glu Thr Arg Ala Val Ser 195 200 205 Tyr
Arg Glu Val Thr Val Ser Ala Asp Asn Cys Asn Arg Pro Gly Thr 210 215
220 Thr Tyr Glu Ala Leu Ala Lys Leu Ala Pro Val Lys Gly Pro Asp
Gln225 230 235 240 Phe Ile Thr Ala Gly Asn Ala Ser Gln Asn Ala Asp
Gly Ala Ser Ala 245 250 255 Cys Val Leu Met Glu Ala Lys Ala Ala Glu
Arg Ala Asn Phe Ala Pro 260 265 270 Leu Gly Ala Phe Arg Gly Leu Ala
Leu Ala Gly Cys Glu Pro Asp Glu 275 280 285 Met Gly Ile Gly Pro Val
Leu Ala Val Pro Lys Leu Leu Ala Arg His 290 295 300 Gly Leu Thr Val
Asp Asp Ile Gly Leu Trp Glu Leu Asn Glu Ala Phe305 310 315 320 Ala
Ser Gln Ala Val Tyr Cys Gln Lys Arg Leu Glu Ile Pro Ser Glu 325 330
335 Arg Leu Asn Val Asn Gly Gly Ala Ile Ser Ile Gly His Pro Phe Gly
340 345 350 Met Thr Gly Ser Arg Leu Val Gly His Val Leu Ile Glu Gly
Arg Arg 355 360 365 Arg Gly Val Lys Tyr Ala Val Val Thr Met Cys Met
Ala Gly Gly Met 370 375 380 Gly Ala Ala Gly Leu Phe Glu Ile Tyr385
390 37378PRTBeijerinckia indica 37Met Thr Lys Val Val Ile Ala Gly
Tyr Ile Arg Ser Pro Phe Thr Leu1 5 10 15 Ala Lys Lys Gly Glu Leu
Ala Thr Val Arg Pro Asp Asp Leu Ala Ala 20 25 30 Gln Val Val Lys
Gly Leu Ile Lys Lys Thr Gly Ile Pro Ala Glu Asp 35 40 45 Ile Glu
Asp Leu Leu Leu Gly Cys Ala Phe Pro Glu Gly Glu Gln Gly 50 55 60
Phe Asn Val Ala Arg Leu Val Ser Phe Leu Ala Gly Leu Pro Leu Ser65
70 75 80 Val Gly Ala Ser Thr Val Asn Arg Phe Cys Gly Ser Ser Met
Thr Thr 85 90 95 Val His Met Ala Ala Gly Ala Ile Gln Met Asn Ala
Gly Asn Ala Phe 100 105 110 Ile Ala Ala Gly Val Glu Ser Met Ser Arg
Val Pro Met Met Gly Phe 115 120 125 Asn Pro Leu Pro Asn Pro Glu Leu
Ala Ala Thr Met Pro Gly Ala Tyr 130 135 140 Met Gly Met Gly Asp Thr
Ala Glu Asn Val Ala Ala Lys Trp Thr Ile145 150 155 160 Ser Arg Lys
Glu Gln Glu Glu Phe Ala Leu Arg Ser His Gln Arg Ala 165 170 175 Thr
Ala Ala Gln Lys Glu Gly Arg Leu Thr Gly Glu Ile Ile Pro Ile 180 185
190 Thr Gly Arg Lys Gly Thr Ile Thr Thr Asp Gly Cys Ile Arg Pro Asp
195 200 205 Thr Thr Leu Glu Gly Leu Ala Glu Leu Lys Pro Ala Phe Ser
Ala Asn 210 215 220 Gly Val Val Thr Ala Gly Thr Ser Ser Pro Leu Thr
Asp Gly Ala Ala225 230 235 240 Ala Val Leu Val Cys Ser Glu Asp Tyr
Ala Lys His His His Leu Asp 245 250 255 Val Leu Ala Ser Val Lys Ala
Ile Ala Val Ser Gly Cys Ser Pro Glu 260 265 270 Ile Met Gly Ile Gly
Pro Val Ala Ala Ser Arg Lys Ala Leu Ala Arg 275 280 285 Ala Gly Leu
Glu Ala Gly Gln Ile Asp Ile Val Glu Leu Asn Glu Ala 290 295 300 Phe
Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ala Cys Met Arg Glu Leu Asn Leu Ser Pro305 310
315 320 Asp Arg Val Asn Ile Asp Gly Gly Ala Ile Ala Leu Gly His Pro
Leu 325 330 335 Gly Ala Thr Gly Ala Arg Ile Val Gly Lys Ala Ala Ser
Leu Leu Lys 340 345 350 Arg Glu Lys Gly Lys Tyr Ala Leu Ala Thr Gln
Cys Ile Gly Gly Gly 355 360 365 Gln Gly Ile Ala Thr Val Leu Glu Ala
Phe 370 375 38403PRTArthrobacter arilaitensis 38Met Gln Gln Ala Tyr
Leu Tyr Asp Ala Ile Arg Thr Pro Phe Gly Lys1 5 10 15 Ile Gly Gly
Ala Leu Ser Ser His Arg Pro Asp Asp Leu Ala Ala His 20 25 30 Val
Val Arg Glu Leu Val Ala Arg Ser Pro Lys Leu Asp Val Ala Asp 35 40
45 Ile Asp Glu Ser Ile Phe Gly Asn Ala Asn Gly Ala Gly Glu Glu Asn
50 55 60 Arg Asn Val Ala Arg Met Ala Thr Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu Pro
Thr Ser65 70 75 80 Leu Pro Gly Thr Thr Met Asn Arg Leu Cys Gly Ser
Ser Leu Asp Ala 85 90 95 Ser Ile Ala Ala Ser Arg Gln Ile Ala Thr
Gly Asp Ala Asp Leu Val 100 105 110 Leu Val Gly Gly Val Glu Ser Met
Ser Arg Ala Pro Trp Val Leu Pro 115 120 125 Lys Thr Glu Arg Pro Phe
Pro Met Ser Asn Leu Glu Leu Ala Asn Thr 130 135 140 Thr Leu Gly Trp
Arg Leu Val Asn Pro Ala Met Pro Gly Glu Trp Thr145 150 155 160 Val
Ser Leu Gly Glu Ala Thr Glu Gln Leu Arg Glu Lys His Gly Ile 165 170
175 Ser Arg Glu Asp Gln Asp Glu Phe Ser Ala Ala Ser His Gln Arg Ala
180 185 190 Ala Ala Ala Trp Gln Ala Gly Lys Tyr Asp Asn Leu Val Val
Pro Val 195 200 205 Pro Pro Ala Asn Lys Arg Gly Thr Glu Val Thr Arg
Asp Glu Thr Ile 210 215 220 Arg Ala Asp Ser Thr Ala Gln Thr Leu Ser
Lys Leu Arg Thr Val Phe225 230 235 240 Arg Thr Gly Glu Asn Ala Thr
Val Thr Ala Gly Asn Ala Ser Pro Met 245 250 255 Ser Asp Gly Ala Ser
Ala Ala Phe Ile Gly Ser Glu Arg Gly Gly Glu 260 265 270 Leu Leu Gly
Ala Ala Pro Ile Ala Arg Ile Ala Ser Asn Gly Ala Ala 275 280 285 Ala
Leu Asp Pro Gln Phe Phe Gly Phe Ala Pro Val Glu Ala Ala Asn 290 295
300 Lys Ala Leu Ala Lys Ala Gly Leu Lys Trp Ser Asp Ile Ala Ala
Val305 310 315 320 Glu Leu Asn Glu Ala Phe Ala Ala Gln Ser Leu Ala
Cys Ile Arg Ala 325 330 335 Trp Asp Ile Asp Pro Ala Ile Val Asn Ala
Trp Gly Gly Ala Ile Ser 340 345 350 Ile Gly His Pro Leu Gly Ala Ser
Gly Leu Arg Ile Leu Gly Thr Val 355 360 365 Ala Arg Arg Leu Ala Glu
Ser Gly Glu Arg Tyr Gly Leu Ala Ala Ile 370 375 380 Cys Ile Gly Val
Gly Gln Gly Leu Ala Val Val Val Glu Asn Ile Asn385 390 395 400 Ala
Thr Lys39394PRTCupriavidus necator 39Met Thr Arg Glu Val Val Val
Val Ser Gly Val Arg Thr Ala Ile Gly1 5 10 15 Thr Phe Gly Gly Ser
Leu Lys Asp Val Ala Pro Ala Glu Leu Gly Ala 20 25 30 Leu Val Val
Arg Glu Ala Leu Ala Arg Ala Gln Val Ser Gly Asp Asp 35 40 45 Val
Gly His Val Val Phe Gly Asn Val Ile Gln Thr Glu Pro Arg Asp 50 55
60 Met Tyr Leu Gly Arg Val Ala Ala Val Asn Gly Gly Val Thr Ile
Asn65 70 75 80 Ala Pro Ala Leu Thr Val Asn Arg Leu Cys Gly Ser Gly
Leu Gln Ala 85 90 95 Ile Val Ser Ala Ala Gln Thr Ile Leu Leu Gly
Asp Thr Asp Val Ala 100 105 110 Ile Gly Gly Gly Ala Glu Ser Met Ser
Arg Ala Pro Tyr Leu Ala Pro 115 120 125 Ala Ala Arg Trp Gly Ala Arg
Met Gly Asp Ala Gly Leu Val Asp Met 130 135 140 Met Leu Gly Ala Leu
His Asp Pro Phe His Arg Ile His Met Gly Val145 150 155 160 Thr Ala
Glu Asn Val Ala Lys Glu Tyr Asp Ile Ser Arg Ala Gln Gln 165 170 175
Asp Glu Ala Ala Leu Glu Ser His Arg Arg Ala Ser Ala Ala Ile Lys 180
185 190 Ala Gly Tyr Phe Lys Asp Gln Ile Val Pro Val Val Ser Lys Gly
Arg 195 200 205 Lys Gly Asp Val Thr Phe Asp Thr Asp Glu His Val Arg
His Asp Ala 210 215 220 Thr Ile Asp Asp Met Thr Lys Leu Arg Pro Val
Phe Val Lys Glu Asn225 230 235 240 Gly Thr Val Thr Ala Gly Asn Ala
Ser Gly Leu Asn Asp Ala Ala Ala 245 250 255 Ala Val Val Met Met Glu
Arg Ala Glu Ala Glu Arg Arg Gly Leu Lys 260 265 270 Pro Leu Ala Arg
Leu Val Ser Tyr Gly His Ala Gly Val Asp Pro Lys 275 280 285 Ala Met
Gly Ile Gly Pro Val Pro Ala Thr Lys Ile Ala Leu Glu Arg 290 295 300
Ala Gly Leu Gln Val Ser Asp Leu Asp Val Ile Glu Ala Asn Glu Ala305
310 315 320 Phe Ala Ala Gln Ala Cys Ala Val Thr Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu
Asp Pro 325 330 335 Ala Lys Val Asn Pro Asn Gly Ser Gly Ile Ser Leu
Gly His Pro Ile 340 345 350 Gly Ala Thr Gly Ala Leu Ile Thr Val Lys
Ala Leu His Glu Leu Asn 355 360 365 Arg Val Gln Gly Arg Tyr Ala Leu
Val Thr Met Cys Ile Gly Gly Gly 370 375 380 Gln Gly Ile Ala Ala Ile
Phe Glu Arg Ile385 390 40401PRTEscherichia coli 40Met Arg Glu Ala
Phe Ile Cys Asp Gly Ile Arg Thr Pro Ile Gly Arg1 5 10 15 Tyr Gly
Gly Ala Leu Ser Ser Val Arg Ala Asp Asp Leu Ala Ala Ile 20 25 30
Pro Leu Arg Glu Leu Leu Val Arg Asn Pro Arg Leu Asp Ala Glu Cys 35
40 45 Ile Asp Asp Val Ile Leu Gly Cys Ala Asn Gln Ala Gly Glu Asp
Asn 50 55 60 Arg Asn Val Ala Arg Met Ala Thr Leu Leu Ala Gly Leu
Pro Gln Ser65 70 75 80 Val Ser Gly Thr Thr Ile Asn Arg Leu Cys Gly
Ser Gly Leu Asp Ala 85 90 95 Leu Gly Phe Ala Ala Arg Ala Ile Lys
Ala Gly Asp Gly Asp Leu Leu 100 105 110 Ile Ala Gly Gly Val Glu Ser
Met Ser Arg Ala Pro Phe Val Met Gly 115 120 125 Lys Ala Ala Ser Ala
Phe Ser Arg Gln Ala Glu Met Phe Asp Thr Thr 130 135 140 Ile Gly Trp
Arg Phe Val Asn Pro Leu Met Ala Gln Gln Phe Gly Thr145 150 155 160
Asp Ser Met Pro Glu Thr Ala Glu Asn Val Ala Glu Leu Leu Lys Ile 165
170 175 Ser Arg Glu Asp Gln Asp Ser Phe Ala Leu Arg Ser Gln Gln Arg
Thr 180 185 190 Ala Lys Ala Gln Ser Ser Gly Ile Leu Ala Glu Glu Ile
Val Pro Val 195 200 205 Val Leu Lys Asn Lys Lys Gly Val Val Thr Glu
Ile Gln His Asp Glu 210 215 220 His Leu Arg Pro Glu Thr Thr Leu Glu
Gln Leu Arg Gly Leu Lys Ala225 230 235 240 Pro Phe Arg Ala Asn Gly
Val Ile Thr Ala Gly Asn Ala Ser Gly Val 245 250 255 Asn Asp Gly Ala
Ala Ala Leu Ile Ile Ala Ser Glu Gln Met Ala Ala 260 265 270 Ala Gln
Gly Leu Thr Pro Arg Ala Arg Ile Val Ala Met Ala Thr Ala 275 280 285
Gly Val Glu Pro Arg Leu Met Gly Leu Gly Pro Val Pro Ala Thr Arg 290
295 300 Arg Val Leu Glu Arg Ala Gly Leu Ser Ile His Asp Met Asp Val
Ile305 310 315 320 Glu Leu Asn Glu Ala Phe Ala Ala Gln Ala Leu Gly
Val Leu Arg Glu 325 330 335 Leu Gly Leu Pro Asp Asp Ala Pro His Val
Asn Pro Asn Gly Gly Ala 340 345 350 Ile Ala Leu Gly His Pro Leu Gly
Met Ser Gly Ala Arg Leu Ala Leu 355 360 365 Ala Ala Ser His Glu Leu
His Arg Arg Asn Gly Arg Tyr Ala Leu Cys 370 375 380 Thr Met Cys Ile
Gly Val Gly Gln Gly Ile Ala Met Ile Leu Glu Arg385 390 395 400
Val
* * * * *
References