U.S. patent application number 14/820065 was filed with the patent office on 2015-12-17 for cushioning structure.
The applicant listed for this patent is ResMed Limited. Invention is credited to Achim BIENER, Enrico BRAMBILLA, Johann Sebastian BURZ, Melanie Lucia CARIOLA, Fiona Catherine CARROLL, Renee Frances FLOWER, Joshua Adam GUDIKSEN, Robin Garth HITCHCOCK, Scott Alexander HOWARD, Bernd Christoph LANG, Murray William LEE, David Robert MEADOWS, Grant MOILER, Johannes NICKOL, Gregory Robert PEAKE, Michael John REID, Karthikeyan SELVARAJAN, Christopher Scott SKIPPER, Victor Eduardo SOLIS, Matthew David SPRUELL, Lee James VELISS, Teresa WANG, Alicia Kristianne WELLS.
Application Number | 20150359986 14/820065 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40638263 |
Filed Date | 2015-12-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150359986 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
SKIPPER; Christopher Scott ;
et al. |
December 17, 2015 |
CUSHIONING STRUCTURE
Abstract
A cushion assembly for use with a respiratory mask includes a
bladder filled with the combination of a gel having a first
indentation hardness and a gel having a second indentation
hardness.
Inventors: |
SKIPPER; Christopher Scott;
(Sydney, AU) ; BRAMBILLA; Enrico; (Irvine, CA)
; FLOWER; Renee Frances; (Sydney, AU) ; SPRUELL;
Matthew David; (Sydney, AU) ; GUDIKSEN; Joshua
Adam; (Sydney, AU) ; VELISS; Lee James;
(Rotterdam, NL) ; CARIOLA; Melanie Lucia; (Sydney,
AU) ; WELLS; Alicia Kristianne; (Sydney, AU) ;
HITCHCOCK; Robin Garth; (Sydney, AU) ; SELVARAJAN;
Karthikeyan; (Sydney, AU) ; CARROLL; Fiona
Catherine; (Hawkesbury, AU) ; HOWARD; Scott
Alexander; (Sydney, AU) ; PEAKE; Gregory Robert;
(Sydney, AU) ; REID; Michael John; (Sydney,
AU) ; LEE; Murray William; (Sydney, AU) ;
MOILER; Grant; (Sydney, AU) ; SOLIS; Victor
Eduardo; (Sydney, AU) ; NICKOL; Johannes;
(Muenchen, DE) ; BURZ; Johann Sebastian;
(Germaringen, DE) ; BIENER; Achim; (Aufkirchen,
DE) ; LANG; Bernd Christoph; (Graefelfing, DE)
; WANG; Teresa; (Sydney, AU) ; MEADOWS; David
Robert; (Sydney, AU) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ResMed Limited |
Bella Vista |
|
AU |
|
|
Family ID: |
40638263 |
Appl. No.: |
14/820065 |
Filed: |
August 6, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
12734670 |
Nov 29, 2010 |
9132255 |
|
|
PCT/AU2008/001711 |
Nov 17, 2008 |
|
|
|
14820065 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
128/206.24 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B29C 66/21 20130101;
B29K 2075/00 20130101; B29C 65/02 20130101; B29K 2083/00 20130101;
A61M 16/0616 20140204; B29C 69/004 20130101; B29L 2022/025
20130101; A61M 16/0605 20140204; B29C 66/324 20130101; B29C 65/48
20130101; A61M 16/06 20130101; B29C 67/246 20130101; A61M 16/0638
20140204; B29C 45/0001 20130101; B29C 65/028 20130101; A61M 2207/00
20130101; A61M 16/0622 20140204; B29C 65/04 20130101; B29C 65/02
20130101; B29L 2031/4835 20130101; B29K 2283/00 20130101; B29K
2105/0061 20130101; B29C 65/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61M 16/06 20060101
A61M016/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 15, 2007 |
AU |
2007906253 |
Nov 16, 2007 |
AU |
2007906271 |
Jan 4, 2008 |
AU |
2008900072 |
Mar 14, 2008 |
AU |
2008901271 |
May 29, 2008 |
AU |
2008902720 |
Jun 27, 2008 |
AU |
2008903294 |
Jul 22, 2008 |
EP |
08160921.6 |
Claims
1-7. (canceled)
8. A method for manufacturing a patient interface, comprising:
molding a cushioning structure including at least one chamber
adapted to be filled with at least one filling material and a seal
forming structure including a thin membrane flap in one piece with
the cushioning structure with LSR, filling the at least one chamber
with at least one filling material; and molding a cap and attaching
the cap to the cushioning structure to enclose the at least one
chamber.
9. A patient interface, comprising: a polyurethane skin including
at least one chamber filled with gel, wherein the polyurethane skin
includes an end portion that is oriented or curved inwardly to
promote bending or rolling inwards towards the breathing cavity
when force is applied thereto in use.
10. A method for manufacturing a patient interface, comprising:
vacuum forming a polyurethane skin including at least one chamber
adapted to be filled with gel and an end portion that is oriented
or curved inwardly to promote bending or rolling inwards towards
the breathing cavity when force is applied thereto in use; filling
the at least one chamber with gel; and attaching a backing to the
polyurethane skin to enclose the at least one chamber.
11. A method according to claim 10, further comprising providing a
support structure to the backing and/or within the chamber.
12-47. (canceled)
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of Australian
Provisional Application Nos. AU 2007906253, filed Nov. 15, 2007, AU
2007906271, filed Nov. 16, 2007, AU 2008900072, filed Jan. 4, 2008,
AU 2008902720, filed May 29, 2008, AU 2008901271, filed Mar. 14,
2008, and AU 2008903294, filed Jun. 27, 2008, and European
Application No. EP 08160921.6, filed Jul. 22, 2008, each of which
is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present technology relates to cushioning structure
between a person and some form of apparatus. For example, the
present invention may relate to the cushioning structure of
respiratory equipment.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The use of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nasal
CPAP) to treat Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) was pioneered by
Sullivan, e.g., see U.S. Pat. No. 4,944,310. Apparatus for
providing nasal CPAP typically comprises a source of air at
positive pressure (for example provided by a blower or flow
generator), some form of patient interface or respiratory mask
system (for example a nasal or full-face mask system), and an air
delivery tube.
[0004] Respiratory mask systems typically include some form of
cushioning element (a "cushion"), a sealing element and some form
of stabilizing element (for example, a frame and headgear). The
cushioning and sealing elements may be formed in one piece, or more
than one piece, or may be separate structures. Cushioning and
sealing elements may be formed from different portions of a single
structure. Headgear may consist of an assembly of soft, flexible,
elastic straps. They may be constructed from a composite material
such as foam and fabric.
[0005] The frame may be a rigid or semi-rigid structure that allows
for the connection of the undercushion, headgear and air delivery
tube. The frame can be made of polycarbonate, silicone or various
other materials.
[0006] Much mask design effort is directed towards improving the
comfort of masks. A range of commercial mask systems are known
including the MIRAGE mask, manufactured by ResMed Limited.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] A first aspect of the present technology is to provide a
comfortable cushioning structure for use with a patient interface
for respiratory equipment, and method of manufacturing the
cushioning structure.
[0008] Another aspect of the present technology is to provide a
respiratory mask comprising a comfortable cushioning structure and
a seal forming structure, methods for manufacturing the cushioning
structure, and methods for manufacturing the seal forming
structure, and methods for manufacturing a combined seal and
cushioning structure.
[0009] Another aspect is to provide a cushioning structure that
includes one or more chambers adapted for filling with soft, and/or
conformable materials. The filling materials may have the same,
graded or different properties. The filling materials may have the
same or different storage modulus, loss modulus, stiffness,
hardness, softness, elasticity, thicknesses, resiliency,
recoil-characteristics and/or visco-elastic properties. One or more
filling materials may be located in the same chamber, or in
different chambers. In one form the filling materials may be gel
materials, or gel-like materials. The filling materials may be
foam. In addition, the cushioning structure may include one or more
portions of a rubber material such as silicone, or a thermoplastic
elastomer. The cushioning structure may have different properties
in different regions, for example, for contact with different
regions of the face such as the nose, cheek or top lip.
[0010] Another aspect of the present technology is methods of
manufacturing a cushioning structure, including one or more of
methods of forming, filling, or sealing a cushioning structure.
Methods in accordance with the present technology include vacuum
forming and molding.
[0011] Another aspect of the present technology relates to
different softnesses of materials by varying the thickness of
materials.
[0012] One aspect of the invention relates to a patient interface
including a cushioning structure including at least one hollow
chamber filled with first and second discrete and/or layered
filling materials and a seal forming structure formed in one piece
with the cushioning structure. The seal forming structure including
a thin membrane flap that is structured to provide a seal to the
patient's face. The thin membrane flap includes a free end that is
spaced from the cushioning structure in its substantially relaxed,
unstressed state and is responsive to a pressure difference between
the interior and exterior of the mask chamber to bring at least a
portion of the membrane flap into sealing engagement with the
patient's face.
[0013] Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for
manufacturing a patient interface including molding a cushioning
structure including at least one chamber adapted to be filled with
at least one filling material and a seal forming structure
including a thin membrane flap in one piece with the cushioning
structure with LSR, filling the at least one chamber with at least
one filling material, and molding a cap and attaching the cap to
the cushioning structure to enclose the at least one chamber.
Another aspect relates to a method of adjusting the cushioning
effect of a mask structure by varying the relative volume, or
location of at least two filling materials, wherein the two filling
materials have different mechanical properties. For example, a
first filling material is softer than a second filling
material.
[0014] Another aspect of the invention relates to a patient
interface including a polyurethane skin including at least one
chamber filled with gel, wherein the polyurethane skin includes an
end portion that is oriented or curved inwardly to promote bending
or rolling inwards towards the breathing cavity when force is
applied thereto in use.
[0015] Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for
manufacturing a patient interface including vacuum forming a
polyurethane skin including at least one chamber adapted to be
filled with gel and an end portion that is oriented or curved
inwardly to promote bending or rolling inwards towards the
breathing cavity when force is applied thereto in use, filling the
at least one chamber with gel, and attaching a backing to the
polyurethane skin to enclose the at least one chamber.
[0016] Another aspect of the invention relates to a cushion
assembly for use with a respiratory mask including a bladder filled
with a combination of a gel having a first indentation hardness and
a gel having a second indentation hardness.
[0017] Another aspect of the invention relates to a respiratory
mask system including a cushioning element having Shore 000
hardness in the range of about 10 to about 20.
[0018] Another aspect of the invention relates to a respiratory
mask system including a cushioning element having Shore 000
hardness in the range of about 45 to about 90.
[0019] Another aspect of the invention relates to a respiratory
mask system including a cushioning element having Shore 00 hardness
equal to or greater than about 20, e.g., about 20 to about 30 or
any value inbetween, i.e., 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29.
[0020] Another aspect of the invention relates to a respiratory
mask system including a cushioning element having Shore 00 hardness
less than or equal to about 5, e.g., 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
[0021] Another aspect of the invention relates to a respiratory
mask system including a cushioning element having cone penetration
hardness less than about 5 cone penetrations.
[0022] Another aspect of the invention relates to a respiratory
mask system including a cushioning element having cone penetration
greater than about 200 cone penetrations, e.g., about 200 to about
400, about 200 to about 250.
[0023] Another aspect of the invention relates to a respiratory
mask system including a cushioning element having cone penetration
between about 5 and about 250 cone penetrations, or e.g., about 150
to about 200, about 160 to about 180, about 200 to about 400, about
200 to about 250.
[0024] Another aspect of the invention relates to a respiratory
mask system including a cushioning element having an encased gel
and a silicone membrane spaced from the encased gel.
[0025] Another aspect of the invention relates to a cushioning
element for a respiratory mask system including a bladder filled
with a first gel and a second gel that is relatively harder than
the first gel. The first gel has a Shore 000 hardness in the range
of about 10 to about 20 and/or the second gel has a Shore 000
hardness greater than about 45.
[0026] Another aspect of the invention relates to a cushioning
element for a respiratory mask system including a bladder filled
with a first gel and a second gel that is relatively harder than
the first gel, and a sealing membrane formed in one piece with the
bladder. The sealing membrane is constructed from a thin membrane
flap that is structured to substantially cover at least a portion
of the bladder.
[0027] Another aspect of the invention relates to a respiratory
mask system including a cushioning element including an
undercushion constructed from a bladder filled with a gel having a
Shore 000 hardness in the range of about 10 to about 20 and an
over-cushion or sealing membrane constructed from a thin membrane
flap having a Shore A hardness in the range of about 20 to about
60.
[0028] Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of
manufacturing a cushion for a respiratory mask comprising the steps
of providing a mold comprising at least two mold halves and at
least one core therein, closing the mold, injecting a first
material into the mold to form the cushion, wherein the core is
enclosed by the cushion thereby forming at least one cavity,
opening the mold, removing the core from the cushion to provide the
at least one cavity within the cushion, and sealing the cavity.
[0029] Other aspects, features, and advantages of this invention
will become apparent from the following detailed description when
taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are a
part of this disclosure and which illustrate, by way of example,
principles of this invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] The accompanying drawings facilitate an understanding of the
various embodiments of the invention. In such drawings:
[0031] FIG. 1a is an exploded cross-sectional view of a cushioning
structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0032] FIG. 1b is a cross-sectional view of the cushioning
structure of FIG. 1a where the first and second layers are welded
together along their edges to define a cavity;
[0033] FIG. 1c is a cross-sectional view of the cushioning
structure of FIG. 1b where the cavity formed by the layers has been
partially filled with a first gel material;
[0034] FIG. 1d is a cross-sectional view of the cushioning
structure of FIG. 1c where the cavity has been filled with second
gel material after having been filled with first gel material;
[0035] FIG. 1e shows an alternative arrangement to FIG. 1d, where
the cavity is entirely filled with a single gel material;
[0036] FIG. 2a shows a portion of a cushioning structure suitable
for a nasal respiratory mask from the view of the patient
face-contacting side according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0037] FIG. 2b shows the portion of FIG. 2b from the non-patient
contacting side;
[0038] FIG. 2c shows a cross-section of the portion of the
cushioning structure of FIG. 2a in the nasal bridge contacting
region;
[0039] FIG. 2d shows a cross-section of the portion of the
cushioning structure of FIG. 2a in the cheek contacting region;
[0040] FIG. 3 shows a respiratory mask assembly in position in
relation to the head of a patient;
[0041] FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of a mask assembly including an
undercushion and sealing membrane according to an embodiment of the
present invention;
[0042] FIG. 5 shows a patient-side view of a cushion incorporating
dual durometer gel technology according to an embodiment of the
present invention;
[0043] FIG. 6 shows a side view of the cushion of FIG. 5;
[0044] FIG. 7 shows another view of the cushion of FIG. 5;
[0045] FIGS. 8a to 8e shows a process for filling a chamber with
two gels according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0046] FIGS. 9a to 9c shows a process for filling a chamber with
two gels according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0047] FIGS. 10a and 10b show cross sections of alternative cushion
configurations with different material portions according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0048] FIGS. 11a and 11b show side views of alternative cushion
configurations with different material portions according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0049] FIGS. 12a and 12b show cross sections of alternative cushion
and internal support configurations according to an embodiment of
the present invention;
[0050] FIGS. 13a and 13b show cross sections of alternative cushion
and internal support configurations according to an embodiment of
the present invention;
[0051] FIG. 14 shows a cross section of a cushion with an internal
support, frame interface and sealing membrane according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0052] FIG. 15 shows a schematic view of a cushion according to
another embodiment of the present invention;
[0053] FIG. 16 shows a cross section of a cushion according to
another embodiment of the present invention;
[0054] FIG. 17 shows a cross section and side view of a cushion
according to another embodiment of the present invention;
[0055] FIG. 18 shows a cross section of a cushion according to
another embodiment of the present invention;
[0056] FIGS. 19a and 19b show a side view and cross section of
cushion according to another embodiment of the present
invention;
[0057] FIG. 20 shows a cross section of a cushion according to
another embodiment of the present invention;
[0058] FIG. 21 shows a cross section of an internal support
structure according to another embodiment of the present
invention;
[0059] FIG. 22 shows an isometric view of a cushion according to
another embodiment of the present invention;
[0060] FIGS. 23a and 23b show an isometric view and enlarged
isometric view of a cushion according to another embodiment of the
present invention;
[0061] FIG. 24 is a cross-section through a respiratory mask
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0062] FIG. 25 is another cross-section through the mask of FIG.
24;
[0063] FIG. 26 is a cross-section through the frame of the mask of
FIG. 24;
[0064] FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the undercushion of the
mask of FIG. 24;
[0065] FIG. 28 is a front view of the undercushion of the mask of
FIG. 24;
[0066] FIG. 29 is a perspective cross-section through the
undercushion of the mask of FIG. 24;
[0067] FIG. 30 shows a top view of a respiratory mask system
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0068] FIG. 31 shows a top view of the sealing membrane and
undercushion of the mask system of FIG. 30 when disassembled;
[0069] FIG. 32 shows a top view of the undercushion of the mask
system of FIG. 30;
[0070] FIG. 33 shows a side view of the undercushion of the mask
system of FIG. 30;
[0071] FIG. 34 shows a rear view of the undercushion of the mask
system of FIG. 30;
[0072] FIG. 35 shows a cross sectional view of the undercushion of
the mask system of FIG. 30;
[0073] FIG. 36 shows a gel cushion with a sealed film or membrane
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0074] FIG. 37 shows the engagement of a cushion to a cushion
clip;
[0075] FIG. 38a shows a detail view from FIG. 37;
[0076] FIG. 38b shows an alternative form of the detail view from
FIG. 37 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0077] FIG. 38c shows an alternative form of the detail view from
FIG. 37 according to another embodiment of the present
invention;
[0078] FIG. 39a shows a mask in use where the seal edge may impinge
on the nose of a patient;
[0079] FIG. 39b shows a mask in use with a seal edge at an angled
position according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0080] FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view of a gel cushion according
to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0081] FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view of a gel cushion according
to another embodiment of the present invention;
[0082] FIG. 42 is a cross-sectional view of a gel cushion according
to another embodiment of the present invention;
[0083] FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view of a gel cushion according
to another embodiment of the present invention;
[0084] FIG. 44 is a cross-section of a gel cushion according to
another embodiment of the present invention;
[0085] FIG. 45 is a cross-section of a gel cushion according to
another embodiment of the present invention;
[0086] FIG. 46 shows male vacuum forming according to an embodiment
of the present invention;
[0087] FIG. 47 shows female vacuum forming according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0088] FIG. 48 illustrates a cubby gel cushion according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0089] FIG. 49 illustrates a round, chubby soft gel cushion
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0090] FIG. 50 illustrates a round, soft gel cushion on a long,
supporting clip according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0091] FIG. 51 illustrates a gel cushion with a firm support
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0092] FIG. 52 illustrates cushion, clip, and frame according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0093] FIG. 53 illustrates a cushion with first and second sections
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0094] FIGS. 54 and 55 illustrate a cushion with multiple adjacent
ribs according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0095] FIG. 56 illustrates a gel cushion with a firm support
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0096] FIG. 57 illustrates gel cushion with an insert according to
an embodiment of the present invention;
[0097] FIG. 58 illustrates gel cushion with an insert and cushion
clip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0098] FIG. 59 illustrates a cushion with two layers of gel
separated by skin according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0099] FIG. 60 illustrates a cushion according to another
embodiment of the present invention;
[0100] FIG. 61 illustrates a cushion with three layers of gel
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0101] FIG. 62 illustrates a cushion with a branched medium/high
durometer insert according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0102] FIG. 63a illustrates a cushion with insertable or co-molded
zones according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0103] FIG. 63b illustrates a cushion with selectively
interchangeable zones according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0104] FIG. 64 illustrates a cushion cured and uncured silicone
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0105] FIGS. 65 and 66 illustrate a cushion with a gel first
portion and a silicone second portion according to an embodiment of
the present invention;
[0106] FIGS. 67, 68, and 69 illustrate a cushion adapted to cover
nose and mouth contacting portions as well as forehead pad
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0107] FIG. 70 illustrates a cushion having a three piece
polyurethane membrane and a gel filling according to an embodiment
of the present invention;
[0108] FIGS. 71 and 72 illustrate a spring mechanism attached to a
gel cushion according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0109] FIG. 73 illustrates a gel cushion with an insertable spring
mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0110] FIGS. 74 and 75 illustrate a cushion with multiple tubes of
gel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0111] FIGS. 76 and 77 illustrates cushions with injected low
durometer and high durometer gels according to an embodiment of the
present invention;
[0112] FIG. 78 illustrates a gel cushion with movable gel according
to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0113] FIG. 79 illustrates a mask having a cam dial structured to
release gel according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0114] FIGS. 80 and 81 illustrate a gel cushion formed in
two-dimensions and then wrapped around and locked together to form
a three-dimensional cushion according to an embodiment of the
present invention;
[0115] FIGS. 82 and 83 illustrate cushions with a gel-like membrane
and a support wall according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0116] FIGS. 84 and 85 illustrate a cushion with gel underneath the
membrane according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0117] FIG. 86 illustrates a cushion with a gel on either side of
the sealing membrane according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0118] FIG. 87 illustrates a clip mechanism provided to the gel of
FIG. 86;
[0119] FIGS. 88 and 89 illustrate a gel provided to the outside of
a cushion membrane according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0120] FIGS. 90 and 91 illustrate a gel cushion with a small
portion of the gel extending outside the membrane according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0121] FIG. 92 illustrates a dual wall membrane with a gel
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0122] FIGS. 93, 94, and 95 illustrate a gel insert inserted
between a silicone support cushion and silicone sealing membrane
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0123] FIGS. 96 and 97 illustrate a single piece cushion with gel
injected into a silicone support cushion according to an embodiment
of the present invention;
[0124] FIG. 98 illustrates a cushion with an air pocket between the
gel and the face contacting membrane according to an embodiment of
the present invention;
[0125] FIGS. 99 and 100 illustrate cushions with harder components
co-molded on a side or under the gel cushion according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0126] FIG. 101 illustrates a ring-like frame with a clamp
arrangement for clamping a cushion according to an embodiment of
the present invention;
[0127] FIG. 102 illustrates a rib provided to a frame and
structured to maintain a soft gel cushion in place according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0128] FIGS. 103 and 104 illustrate a cushion with a first layer of
low durometer gel and a second layer of high durometer gel
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0129] FIG. 105 illustrates a mask with a gusset provided between a
gel cushion and a frame according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0130] FIGS. 106 and 107 illustrate a frame/clip and cushion
co-molded or over-molded as one part according to an embodiment of
the present invention;
[0131] FIG. 108 illustrates a single bladder forming a cushion and
frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0132] FIGS. 109 and 110 illustrate a cushion with a friction
retention feature according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0133] FIG. 111 illustrates a gel cushion structured to be wrapped
around a frame according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0134] FIGS. 112 and 113 illustrate a gel cushion structured to
flip around a frame according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0135] FIG. 114 illustrates a gel wrapped around a frame channel
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0136] FIG. 115 illustrates a gel pushed through a channel in the
frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0137] FIG. 116 illustrates an one size fits all cushion clip
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0138] FIG. 117 illustrates a cushion with a textured surface
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0139] FIG. 118 illustrates a lattice-like structure for the
cushion of FIG. 117;
[0140] FIG. 119 illustrates a small bump structure for the cushion
of FIG. 117;
[0141] FIGS. 120 and 121 illustrate a harder outer skin pressed
over a soft, low durometer gel mass according to an embodiment of
the present invention;
[0142] FIG. 122 illustrates a cushion wherein the inner wall of the
skin is pre-stressed or shortened according to an embodiment of the
present invention;
[0143] FIG. 123 illustrates a cushion in which the skin is
relatively thick to support the gel according to an embodiment of
the present invention;
[0144] FIG. 124 illustrates a cushion including a thickened inner
wall according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0145] FIGS. 125 and 126 illustrate a cushion that may be
constructed of a gel and including spot welds according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0146] FIG. 127 illustrates a cushion with relatively thick skin
and bubbles provided to the skin according to an embodiment of the
present invention;
[0147] FIG. 128 illustrates a gel cushion with open windows in the
gel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0148] FIGS. 129 and 130 illustrate cushions that are all or partly
frosted according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0149] FIG. 131 illustrates a cushion with a skin made from fabric
or textile material according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0150] FIG. 132 illustrates a gel cushion with an ice-pack
arrangement according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0151] FIGS. 133 and 134 illustrate a cushion with small balls of
low durometer gel encased in a polyurethane or silicone cushion
pouch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0152] FIGS. 135 and 136 illustrate a cushion with small gel/foam
balls encased in a cushion pouch according to another embodiment of
the present invention;
[0153] FIG. 137 illustrates a cushion with air bubbles provided
within a high durometer gel according to an embodiment of the
present invention;
[0154] FIG. 138 illustrates a cushion including a high durometer
gel foam filled or injected with a low durometer gel according to
an embodiment of the present invention;
[0155] FIG. 139 illustrates a cushion with glitter according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0156] FIG. 140 illustrates a low durometer gel cushion with a
mechanical finger pump according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0157] FIG. 141 illustrates a cushion including a draw string
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0158] FIG. 142 is a cross-sectional view of a cushion including a
bladder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0159] FIG. 143 is a cross-sectional view in perspective of the
cushion of FIG. 142;
[0160] FIG. 144 is a cross-sectional view showing a thickened
portion or bead for the cushion of FIG. 142 according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0161] FIG. 145 is a cross-sectional view showing a thickened
portion or bead for the cushion of FIG. 142 according to another
embodiment of the present invention;
[0162] FIG. 146 is a cross-sectional view showing a thickened
portion or bead for the cushion of FIG. 142 according to another
embodiment of the present invention;
[0163] FIG. 147 is a cross-sectional view showing a thickened
portion or bead for the cushion of FIG. 142 according to another
embodiment of the present invention;
[0164] FIG. 148 is a cross-sectional view showing an undercushion
and bladder for a cushion with no thickened portion or bead;
[0165] FIGS. 149 and 150 illustrate exemplary methods for tucking
or inserting a gel bladder into a cushion pocket according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[0166] FIGS. 151 to 176 illustrate cushions with tuckable gel
bladders according to alternative embodiments of the present
invention;
[0167] FIGS. 177 to 187 illustrate cushions with stackable gel
bladders according to alternative embodiments of the present
invention;
[0168] FIGS. 188 and 189 illustrate alternative embodiments for
manufacturing the stackable gel bladder of FIG. 187;
[0169] FIG. 190 illustrates a gel-filled LSR cushion according to
an embodiment of the present invention;
[0170] FIGS. 191 to 201 are various views of a gel-filled LSR
cushion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0171] FIGS. 202 to 204 illustrate the cushion of FIGS. 191 to 201
provided to a mask according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0172] FIGS. 205 and 206 are schematic views of a gel bladder
having a top layer with one skin according to an embodiment of the
invention;
[0173] FIGS. 207 and 208 are schematic views of a gel bladder
having a top layer with two skins according to an embodiment of the
invention;
[0174] FIGS. 209-1 to 209-5 illustrate an over-molding process for
manufacturing a gel-filled LSR cushion according to an embodiment
of the present invention;
[0175] FIGS. 210-1 to 210-6 illustrate a co-molding process for
manufacturing a gel-filled LSR cushion according to an embodiment
of the present invention;
[0176] FIG. 211 is schematically illustrates a method of
manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
[0177] FIG. 212 is a top view of a gel-filled LSR cushion according
to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0178] FIG. 213 is a side view of a gel-filled LSR cushion
according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
[0179] FIG. 214 is a bottom view of a gel-filled LSR cushion
according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
[0180] The following description is provided in relation to several
embodiments which may share common characteristics and features. It
is to be understood that one or more features of any one embodiment
may be combinable with one or more features of the other
embodiments. In addition, any single feature or combination of
features in any of the embodiments may constitute additional
embodiments.
[0181] In this specification, the word "comprising" is to be
understood in its "open" sense, that is, in the sense of
"including", and thus not limited to its "closed" sense, that is
the sense of "consisting only of". A corresponding meaning is to be
attributed to the corresponding words "comprise", "comprised" and
"comprises" where they appear.
[0182] The term "air" will be taken to include breathable gases,
for example air with supplemental oxygen.
[0183] When apparatus such as respiratory equipment are used with
people, it is generally desirable to have an interfacing structure
positioned either as part of the apparatus, or between the
apparatus and the relevant contacting portion of the person to
improve the fit and comfort of the apparatus. In the case of
respiratory equipment, the interfacing structure may also provide a
form of seal against the flow of air.
[0184] The interfacing structure may be arranged to form a
compression/gasket-type seal, a "flap" type seal, or some
combination of these two. A compression-type seal might generally
be subjected to compression forces. A flap-type seal might
generally be subjected to bending forces. Which forces are involved
will depend on the configuration of the interfacing structure, as
well as how it is being used. For example, a flap-type seal might
be subject to compressive forces in certain configurations and
certain uses.
[0185] An exemplary mask using a compression-type seal is the
SLEEPNET PHANTOM mask, e.g., see U.S. Pat. No. 6,019,101 (Cotner et
al.). Another example is the SLEEPNET IQ mask, e.g., see U.S. Pat.
No. 6,631,718 (Lovell). Both of these masks include a bladder
filled with a soft material.
[0186] An exemplary mask using a flap-type seal is the RESPIRONICS
CONTOUR mask, e.g., see U.S. Pat. No. 4,907,584 (McGinnis).
[0187] The interfacing structure may include components that
provide support to a seal portion, but which in of themselves do
not form a seal with the face.
[0188] Where otherwise not specified, a reference to a Shore OOO
hardness is a reference to a Shore OOO hardness measured on a
specimen of material in accordance with ASTM D2240-02a, with a
specimen thickness of 6 mm, with a 400 g mass for a hand-held
durometer, with a rate of descent of the indentor to the specimen
of 3.2 mm/s.
1. Gel Materials
[0189] The interfacing structure may comprise in part, a component
made from a filling material, e.g., such as gel.
[0190] A gel may be formed as a colloid that typically contains a
high (e.g., greater than 95%) fraction of liquid. The liquid is
immobilized by surface tension between it and the macromolecular
network built from the small fraction of "gelating" substance
present.
[0191] In addition to a gel, there may also be materials that have
similar material properties to a gel, i.e., gel-like. In this
specification, a reference to a gel is to be taken as a reference
to either a strict gel, or a material having similar material
properties to a strict gel.
[0192] A gel material may be tested for indentation hardness, for
example as measured on a relevant Shore hardness scale, such as the
Shore 000, the Shore 00 or the Shore A hardness scales. It may be
appropriate to test a material using a cone penetration test.
[0193] Another relevant material property is the tackiness of the
gel.
[0194] Gels may be formed from a range of different materials,
including silicone, polyurethane, and TPE.
[0195] Gels may be formed by mixing two or more components that
cure to form the final gel. Prior to curing, the mixed components
may flow, and may have a viscosity similar to water, or with a
higher viscosity.
[0196] One example of a suitable gel is WACKER SILICONE gel ELP
26028.
[0197] In an embodiment, a gel formed from a low durometer silicone
(e.g. less than about 10 on Shore A) may be soft on the patient's
skin and so increases comfort (e.g. and therefore patient
compliance with respiratory therapy), and decreases pressure
points, that might otherwise lead to sores. In an embodiment, the
silicone does not include any plasticisers. This avoids the problem
of plasticisers leeching out and contacting the patient's skin
leaving an unpleasant oily residue as well as weakening and/or
warping of the silicone, particularly the membrane. In another
embodiment, a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) that does not include
any plasticizers may be used.
2. Functions of Gel Mask Components
[0198] Gels will now be described in a form suitable for a
respiratory mask, e.g., soft comfortable cushion. It should be
appreciated that the gel component may be adapted for use with any
suitable mask or cushion, e.g., a full-face mask, nasal mask, nasal
pillows or prongs, etc. Additionally, aspects of the invention may
be applied to other elements of a mask such as headgear straps and
cheek supports.
[0199] The gel mask or cushion includes two general components,
i.e., a gel and a support structure for retaining or supporting the
gel (e.g., bladder (e.g., with optional flap-type membrane), frame,
and/or gel to frame interface (e.g., gel to cushion interface and
cushion to frame interface)).
[0200] Alternatively, the gel may not be completely retained within
a structure or may not be retained within a structure at all. The
gel may have no covering (skin or bladder) or may be coated with a
material that does not provide any structure, e.g., flocking.
[0201] It should be appreciated that the gel may contact the
patient's face directly, or a cushion membrane may be interposed
between the user and the gel.
2.1 Support Structure
2.1.1 Bladder
[0202] In use, gels may be encased within a bladder, chamber, or
cavity. The bladder may be formed from a range of materials
including polyurethane, silicone, TPE, and LSR, or any other
suitable material or combination of materials. The bladder can be
inelastic (e.g., polyurethane) or elastic (e.g., TPE, LSR). Details
on the elastic bladder can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 60/907,609, which is incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety. The bladder may be constructed by Radio
Frequency (RF) welding (also referred to as dielectric welding)
together one or more pieces of the relevant material to form one or
more chambers. In another form, the gel may be encapsulated in a
cavity formed in a molded silicone component (e.g., gel-filled
LSR).
[0203] The bladder contains and protects the gel, protects the
patient from the gel, provides structure/shape of the cushion,
provides buckling and compression properties (aspect ratio),
provides hardness of the cushion, provides deformation properties,
and defines manufacturing capabilities (e.g., male/female
mold).
2.1.1.1 Bladder Shapes
[0204] FIGS. 1a-1e and 8a-8e shows a schematic cross-section of a
bladder or chamber 10, 315, formed for example from a layer of
polyurethane. In these illustrated embodiments, the chamber has a
generally constant cross-section along most of its length. FIGS.
2a-2d, 10a, 10b, 13a, 13b, 18, 20, 43, and 153, for example, also
illustrate bladders with a generally similar cross-section.
[0205] However, it should be noted that the chamber need not have a
constant cross section. The chamber may be any desired shape, for
example rectangular or an irregular shape.
[0206] The shape of the bladder may be configured to provide the
most desirable comfort and stability properties to each region of
the face, for example, increase comfort at the nasal bridge and
increase stability at the cheeks.
[0207] The shape of the undercushion is not limited, i.e., it can
be generally triangular, bilobular, circular, square or any other
desired shape. The shape of the undercushion may also include a
sickle or question mark shape as outlined in International Patent
Application No. PCT/AU2006/000032, which is incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety.
2.1.1.1.1 Wider Base
[0208] FIGS. 15 and 53 show a cushion with a bladder that is wider
on the frame contacting side 307 than the patient contacting side
309. A cushion in such a configuration may be filled the same
durometer material in its wider section 307 and with a similar
durometer in its thinner patient contacting section 309. The
geometry of the sections and the materials contained within these
geometries will mean that the wider portion is providing a
stabilizing structure to the cushion, while the thinner portion is
providing cushioning to the patient in use (e.g., flexibility of
patient contacting side 309 shown in dashed lines). In an
alternative embodiment, the sections may be made as two separate
parts that can be interference fit together. In an embodiment, not
all the cushion needs to deform to cover fit range.
[0209] FIGS. 16 illustrates a cushion 305 wherein the lower part of
the bladder closest to the frame contacting portion of the cushion
may be made wider to provide greater stability to the cushion and
support the gel in an upright position. Alternatively, this
configuration could be achieved by replacing the second gel 350
with an insert made from any reasonable material such as
polycarbonate or polypropylene.
2.1.1.1.2 Narrower Base
[0210] FIGS. 151 and 152 show a bladder wherein the lower part
closest to the frame is narrower than its patient contacting side.
Such configuration may be provided to facilitate inward flexing of
the bladder and membrane.
2.1.1.1.3 Curved
[0211] FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b show cushions with curved structures.
In FIG. 12a, both an interior structure 350 and the surrounding
structure 340 are curved. In FIG. 12b interior structure 350 is
straight, whereas the exterior structure 340 is curved. Curvature
of either or both structures may result in a more comfortable
cushion subject to more bending forces, than compression forces in
use. Additionally, an inwardly curved cushion may tend to bend
inwards, so an effective seal is likely to be achieved, whereas
with straight cushions (i.e., normal to the face of the patient)
can buckle and bend irregularly (inside or outside) and
unpredictably thus making it difficult to ensure a seal.
[0212] FIG. 44 shows a cushion 805 with a functional shape, e.g.,
curved gel 840 and membrane 810, which causes the cushion to tend
inwards and therefore may seal better or at least in a different
way which may be more comfortable. Also, the functional shape
provides a more consistent seal as the cushion will tend inwards,
which is unlike prior art where cushion can flex outwards so
quality of seal may be more random. This shape may be ideal for
gels Shore 000 45-70, i.e., this is to ensure the shape of the
cushion is maintained, a softer gel may collapse. This shape may
also be reasonable for gels Shore 000 20-45, i.e., there may be
some loss of shape but this gel may also be more comfortable.
[0213] FIG. 45 shows a cushion 905 with a curvature e.g., different
cross sections of gel 940 and membrane 910 throughout the cushion.
This embodiment may be made using a vacuum forming process, which
can affect the properties of the skin, so that some parts are
harder than others and therefore can be less comfortable. FIG. 46
shows male vacuum forming wherein a harder/thicker skin is at the
top near the patient contacting surface, and FIG. 47 shows female
vacuum forming wherein a softer/thinner skin is at the top.
[0214] FIGS. 82 and 83 illustrate cushions with a curved gel-like
membrane 3240 (i.e., thin, soft gel layer) and a support wall 3250
(i.e., hard support layer) attached thereto. As illustrated, the
support wall may be on the inside or the outside of the curved
gel-like membrane. In addition, the curved gel-like membrane may
have different curvatures along its length as illustrated.
2.1.1.1.4 Round
[0215] FIG. 49 illustrates a very round, oval-shaped soft cushion
1105 (e.g., major axis is horizontal, but could be opposite) with a
round membrane and gel 1140 that easily conforms to the face. A
cushion clip 1180 is provided to the cushion for engagement with a
frame. No supporting structure is required for the cushion, i.e.,
cushion designed to "mash" onto the face and cushion pressurizes
when applied to the face. In this example, only one film
encapsulates the gel, which provides fewer processing steps. This
shape may used for gels Shore 000 less than 10, for example. In
another embodiment, the gel cushion may be egg-shaped with the
wider side positioned on the inner or outer radial side of the
sealing cushion. Alternatively, the egg-shaped gel may be
positioned such that the axis is generally parallel to the cushion
axis, with the wider part being either towards atmosphere or
towards the patient's face in use.
[0216] FIG. 50 illustrates a generally round, soft cushion 1205
with a round membrane and gel 1240 on a long, supporting clip 1280,
which allows the cushion to be used on current frame designs (e.g.,
ResMed's Activa LT mask). The cushion may be used with a membrane
1210 for enhanced sealing. This shape may used for gels Shore 000
less than 10, for example.
[0217] Alternatively a relatively constant bladder cross-section
may be used in conjunction with a cushion or supporting clip that
varies in height in different regions of the mask providing
different levels of support to the patient's face.
[0218] FIGS. 41 and 42 also show bladders with a rounded
configuration (e.g., egg-shaped or oval-shaped).
2.1.1.1.5 Membrane
[0219] The bladder may be provided with a membrane. The membrane
may provide a seal to the patient's face, provide comfort, retain
the gel in position, and/or prevent gel from contacting face.
[0220] The sealing membrane is a flexible layer designed to form a
more effective seal between the mask and the patient. This sealing
membrane can be made of silicone or any other relatively inelastic
or elastic material. In one form, the sealing membrane is formed as
a flap of silicone having Shore A hardness in the range of 20 to
60, e.g., 40.
[0221] FIG. 48 illustrates a cushion 1005 with an oval or round and
squat shape (i.e., expands radially inwards and outwards). The
cushion includes a bladder for gel 1040 and a membrane 1010. This
shape may be ideal for gels Shore 000 0-20, which are less hard so
will expand outwards, making a larger sealing surface and will also
be more comfortable. This shape may also be reasonable for gels
Shore 000 20-45, which will not expand outwards as much as the
softer gels.
[0222] In an embodiment, a "stout" shaped bladder (e.g., oval or
egg-shaped with major axis generally parallel with the surface
against which a seal is formed) may be used (rather than a long
skinny bladder in which major axis is generally vertical with
respect to said surface) because seal is maintained by silicone
membrane so gel bladder need only provide comfort. The stout shape
is like a pressure vessel so may not be comfortable at higher
forces (gel has nowhere to spread out to) so can configure cushion
to roll, cantilever, or free float under the membrane to move gel
into a more comfortable position. Gel tactility may enhance comfort
in use.
[0223] FIG. 16 also shows a bladder with a membrane, for
example.
2.1.1.1.6 Contoured
[0224] The shape of the bladder may be configured to provide the
most desirable comfort and stability properties to each region of
the face, for example, increase comfort at the nasal bridge and
increase stability at the cheeks.
[0225] For example, FIGS. 9a-9c, 11a, 11b, 17, 19a, 24, 25, 27-29,
and 31-35 illustrate bladders 315, that are contoured along its
perimeter (e.g., height of bladder varies along its perimeter) to
provide comfortable engagement with the patient's face in use. That
is, the bladder is structured to allow different amounts or levels
of gel in different regions of the patient's face. In addition, the
end of the bladder adapted to engage the patient's face may be
contoured to more closely follow contours of the patient's
face.
[0226] As shown in FIGS. 24, 25, and 27-29, the gel cushion 420 may
include a nose bridge portion 430 adjacent the patient's nose
bridge in use that is adapted to bend towards the side 435 of the
frame 415 furthest away from the patient in use. In one embodiment,
the undercushion 420 further comprises a hinging portion 455 to
help facilitate the bending of the nose bridge portion 430.
Preferably, the hinging portion is of narrower width and/or
thickness than the nose bridge portion 430.
2.1.1.1.7 Membrane with Bladder Undercushion
[0227] The bladder may include a sealing membrane and a fillable
undercushion (e.g., undercushion defines cavity) that provides a
soft, conforming structure that is comfortable and prevents
collapse of the sealing membrane in use. The undercushion can be
formed from a bladder filled with one or more materials such as
gels, foams, gases and silicones, including silicone oils.
[0228] In an embodiment, the sealing membrane includes a free end
that is spaced from the undercushion in its substantially relaxed,
unstressed state and is adapted to be urged into sealing engagement
with the patient's face by the difference between mask pressure and
ambient pressure. That is, the membrane and undercushion include
adjacent surfaces that face one another and may be spaced apart
from one another by a gap. The spacing between the free end of the
membrane and the undercushion may be different in different regions
of the patient interface.
[0229] In an embodiment, the sealing membrane may define a seal
forming structure that is structured to engage and provide a seal
to the patient's face, and the undercushion may define a cushioning
structure to add support and stability to the seal forming
structure.
[0230] FIG. 40 illustrates a dual wall cushion including a membrane
710 (e.g., LSR membrane) and gel-filled undercushion 740 (e.g.,
polyurethane or silicone gel) molded as a one piece component.
[0231] FIGS. 191-204 illustrate another embodiment of a gel-filled
LSR cushion 700 (e.g., nasal cushion). In this embodiment, the
cushion 700 provides a dual wall arrangement including a membrane
710 and an undercushion 715 (FIG. 198) that defines a bladder or
cavity for gel. As illustrated, the bladder 746 includes an outer
wall 749, an upper wall 748 extending away from the outer wall 749,
and an inner wall 747 extends from the free end portion of the
upper wall 748, so that the outer wall, upper wall, and inner wall
define a bladder or cavity for the gel. The membrane 710
substantially covers the bladder and provides a sealing structure.
It should be appreciated that the wall thicknesses (e.g., in the
range of 0.25 to 0.75 mm) may be the same or varied.
[0232] In the illustrated embodiment, the undercushion is contoured
to encourage bending or rolling inwards (i.e., towards the
breathing cavity) in use. That is, the end portion of the
undercushion is oriented or curved to resiliently bend inwards when
force is applied thereto by the membrane in use. The membrane may
provide a first level of compliance or spring constant and the
undercushion may provide a second level of compliance or spring
constant. Preferably, the undercushion is less compliant than the
membrane to add support and stability to the membrane in use,
however it should be appreciated that the membrane and undercushion
may have similar compliances. This arrangement enhances comfort and
flexibility of the cushion in use.
[0233] FIG. 190 illustrates another embodiment of a gel-filled LSR
cushion. In this embodiment, the walls of the undercushion portion
include walls of different thicknesses. For example, the inner wall
747 and upper wall 748 include wall thicknesses of about 0.4 mm and
the outer wall 749 includes a wall thickness of about 0.6 mm.
Different thicknesses may provide different comfort levels for the
patient, with a thinner wall being more comfortable.
[0234] FIGS. 142 and 143 illustrate a cushion 7205 (e.g.,
constructed of LSR) including a dual wall arrangement (i.e.,
membrane 7210 and undercushion 7212) with the undercushion 7212
defining a bladder 7245 that can be filled with a cushioning
material (e.g., such as gel 7240 shown in FIGS. 144-148).
[0235] As illustrated, the face contacting portion includes a base
wall 7211, an undercushion 7212 extending away from the base wall
7211, and a membrane 7210 provided to substantially cover the
undercushion 7212 and provide a sealing structure. An inner wall
7213 extends from the free end portion of the undercushion 7212, so
that the base wall 7211, undercushion 7212, and inner wall 7213
define a bladder 7245 for the cushioning material.
[0236] In an embodiment, a thickened portion or bead 7215 may be
provided to the free end of the undercushion 7212. For example, as
shown in FIGS. 142-146, the thickened portion 7215 may be in the
form of an extended bead or overhang that protrudes or extends past
the inner wall 7213. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 147, the
thickened portion 7215 may be a thickened end portion or tip of the
undercushion 7212. FIG. 148 illustrates an undercushion 7212 and
bladder 7245 with no thickened portion or bead, e.g., for
comparison. FIG. 146 also shows a cushion 7205 provided to a
support 7230 which is secured to a frame 7290 by a cushion clip
7280.
[0237] In the illustrated embodiment, the dual wall arrangement
with bladder is provided about the entire perimeter of the cushion,
i.e., in nasal bridge, cheek, and upper lip/chin regions. The
thickened portion or bead may be provided in selected regions of
the cushion, e.g., in the upper lip/chin region UL but not in the
nasal bridge region NB as shown in FIGS. 142 and 143.
[0238] The thickened portion or bead 7215 adds rigidity to the
undercushion 7212. Thus, a relatively soft gel 7240 may be provided
to the bladder 7245 and the thickness of the thickened portion or
bead 7215 may be adjusted to vary the rigidity or the way the
cushion feels on the patient's face in use.
[0239] Also, the thickened portion or bead 7215 is structured to
encourage the cushion to roll inwards (i.e., towards the breathing
cavity) in use. For example, the thickened portion or bead 7215 may
be oriented or curved to roll inwards when force is applied thereto
by the membrane in use.
[0240] FIG. 70 illustrates a cushion having a membrane and a three
piece polyurethane undercushion 2410(1), 2410(2), 2410(3) and a gel
filling 2440. The undercushion encases the gel and the sealing
membrane is adapted to contact with the patient's face. This
arrangement includes a single cushion and membrane, which provides
less assembly time and lower cost.
[0241] FIGS. 96 and 97 illustrate a single piece cushion 3905
(e.g., constructed of LSR) with gel 3940 injected into the silicone
undercushion or support cushion 3912.
2.1.1.2 Gel Skin Properties/Structure
[0242] FIG. 117 illustrates a cushion wherein one or more portions
of the cushion include a textured surface 5445 (e.g., lattice-like
structure 5446 (FIG. 118), small bumps 5447 that easily compress
and provide a soft, flowy, or rolling feeling (FIG. 119)) for
circulation, pressure relief, or for "soft touch".
[0243] In an embodiment, sections of the wall of the skin may be
shaped to match contours of the face. FIGS. 120 and 121 illustrate
an arrangement wherein a harder outer skin 5545 is pressed over a
soft, low durometer gel mass 5540. The harder outer skin compresses
the gel mass to form the contoured profile. The skin may be welded
to the mass to secure it in position. In this arrangement, certain
areas may be compressed more to provide a cushion that feels
multi-durometer.
[0244] FIG. 122 illustrates a cushion wherein the inner wall of the
skin 5645 are pre-stressed or shortened so that the cushion tends
inwards.
[0245] FIG. 123 illustrates a cushion in which the skin 5745 is
relatively thick so it may be used to support the gel 5740,
particularly if the gel is a very soft (e.g., Shore 000<10).
This may be advantageous should a gel have reduced resilience.
[0246] FIG. 124 illustrates a cushion including a thickened inner
wall 5850 to enhance the curvature of the cushion and support a
very soft gel 5840 (e.g., Shore 000<10).
[0247] FIGS. 125 and 126 illustrate a cushion that may be
constructed using a gel 5940 and including spot welds 5947 to form
"pillows" or "pads" that provide structural support.
[0248] FIG. 127 illustrates a cushion with relatively thick skin
6045 and bubbles 6040 provided to the skin, e.g., bubble wrap style
skin. The little pockets filled with a material such as gel,
saline, foam or air at the top of the cushion provide comfort in
use.
[0249] FIG. 128 illustrates a gel cushion 6140 with open windows
6147 in the gel, providing variable structural qualities, such as
differing elasticities. The windows may have any suitable shape,
may be provided in any suitable number, and may be arranged on the
cushion in any suitable manner. The windows may be provided for
aesthetics to emphasize the gel properties of the cushion.
[0250] FIGS. 129 and 130 illustrate cushions 6205, 6305 that are
all frosted or partly frosted for aesthetics. The frosted cushions
may also provide more comfort in use.
[0251] FIG. 131 illustrates a cushion with a skin 6445 made from
fabric or textile material for comfort. As illustrated, such
material may include one or more designs for aesthetics. In an
alternative embodiment, the cushion may include flocking.
[0252] In an alternative embodiment, the cushion may include a
silicone layer. In such arrangement, the air path is constructed
from silicone, a material the biocompatibility is known, allowing
the use of gel material with a different biocompatibility.
[0253] In another alternative embodiment, the cushion may include
wrinkle free skin.
2.1.2 Frame
[0254] The gel may be supported by a mask frame. The mask frame
provides an interface for supporting and maintaining the mask on
the patient's face and for delivering breathable gas to the
patient, e.g., interface for gel cushion, elbow assembly, forehead
support, and/or headgear. Frames may be made from polycarbonate,
polypropylene, silicone, or other materials.
[0255] Exemplary frames 140, 415, 510, 790 are shown in FIGS. 3, 4,
24-26, 30, and 202-204.
2.1.2.1 Gel to Frame Interface
[0256] The gel may be retained and/or supported by the frame in
alternative manners. For example, the gel may include a gel to
frame interface that allows the gel to attach directly to the
frame. Alternatively, the gel may include a gel to cushion
interface that allows the gel to attach to a cushion, and then the
cushion includes a gel to frame interface that allows the cushion
to attach to the frame.
[0257] The gel to frame interface may also provide seal, retention,
and assembly/disassembly to the frame/cushion.
2.1.2.1.1 Gel to Frame
[0258] Referring to FIGS. 24 to 29, a respiratory mask 410 is shown
comprising a frame 415, an undercushion 420, and a membrane 425.
The cushion 420, 425 for a respiratory mask 410 is provided
comprising a frame engagement portion 440 and a patient interfacing
portion 445, the portions 440, 445 being made of different
materials and being co-molded. Advantageously, the material chosen
for the frame engagement portion 440 can be optimized for its
purpose while the material chosen for the patient interfacing
portion 445 can be optimized for its purpose. Preferably, the frame
engagement portion 440 is made from a more rigid material (i.e.,
higher durometer) than the patient interfacing portion 445.
Advantageously, the patient interfacing portion 445 can be made of
a material that is suitable for sealing, tear resistance and is
soft, providing comfort advantages while the frame engagement
portion 440 can be made of a harder material that is more easily
engaged with a corresponding portion of the frame 415 (e.g., by a
snap fit, snug fit, or interference fit).
[0259] In any of the above embodiments, the undercushion 420 may
extend to or towards an inside surface 450 of the front portion of
the frame 415 and be adapted to define a lip seal between the mask
frame 415 and an elbow of the mask 410.
[0260] In one embodiment, the cushion is a membrane and a separate
undercushion (e.g., a low durometer undercushion as described in
any one of the above embodiments) is provided between the membrane
and the frame but is not integrally molded or permanently,
sealingly attached to either although it may be supported by
either. In another embodiment, the low durometer undercushion is
sealingly attached to the frame, and a membrane is sealingly
attached to the undercushion. In this embodiment, the frame,
undercushion and membrane may all be comolded. In another
embodiment, the membrane and undercushion may both be sealingly
attached to the frame.
[0261] In one embodiment, the mask comprises a cushion having
comolded components, i.e., a membrane, a low durometer
undercushion, and a frame interfacing portion. The frame
interfacing portion is made from a high durometer material to
provide a snap fit, the membrane is made from the same material
which is also adapted for sealing and tear resistance when
manufactured thinly while the undercushion is overmolded in low
durometer material for comfort.
[0262] FIG. 52 illustrates a solid silicone section 1430 that slots
into a channel on a frame 1490 by an interference fit. A gel
section 1440 may be permanently attached to the silicone section
1430. A silicone clip 1480 is molded between the gel and silicone
sections 1440, 1430 that also clips to outside of the frame 1490.
Thus, the silicone section 1430 and clip 1480 sandwich the frame
1490 with an inside/outside connection. A membrane 1410 is molded
onto the silicone clip 1480. This arrangement provides a one piece
arrangement for ease of assembly.
[0263] FIGS. 99 and 100 illustrate cushions in which harder
components 4150 are provided to a side or under the gel cushion
4140 to provide an interference fit within the frame channel of the
frame 4190. For example, the component 4150 may be co-molded under
the gel cushion 4140 as shown in FIG. 99 or may be positioned
between the gel cushion 4140 and membrane, e.g., spaced from gel
cushion 4140, as shown in FIG. 100.
[0264] FIG. 101 illustrates a ring-like frame 4290 with a clamp
arrangement wherein the frame is pushed into engagement with the
cushion 4205 to force the frame closed and thus capture or clamp
the cushion to the frame (e.g., clamp inner and outer cushions to
the frame). This arrangement is not limited to gel cushions, e.g.,
may be used with a foam cushion.
[0265] FIGS. 109 and 110 illustrate a cushion 4840 with a friction
retention feature 4848 (e.g., one or more arms with crimping,
texture, and/or thickening) that can be interference fit with the
frame 4890.
[0266] FIG. 111 illustrates an arrangement wherein the elasticity
of the gel cushion 4940 is used to wrap or slip the gel cushion
around frame 4990 (e.g., gel sock). That is, the gel may be
deformed to grip or clasp the frame. An external ridge on the frame
prevents the gel cushion from disconnecting from the frame.
[0267] FIGS. 112 and 113 illustrate an arrangement wherein the gel
cushion 5040 is structured to flip around the frame 5090. That is,
ends of the gel cushion 5040 may be moved into engagement with the
frame (FIG. 112) and then the gel cushion may be flipped inside out
which allows the ends to grip or clasp the frame (FIG. 113).
[0268] FIG. 114 illustrates an arrangement wherein the gel 5140 is
wrapped around the frame channel of frame 5190. As illustrated, the
gel may encapsulate another gel or an air pocket 5150 or any other
material for spring.
[0269] FIG. 115 illustrates an arrangement wherein the gel 5240
pushes through a channel in the frame 5290 for a one way mechanical
lock with the frame (e.g., gel forms retention bulge or protrusion
structured to retain gel to frame).
[0270] FIGS. 106 and 107 illustrate a frame/clip 4680 and cushion
4640 which is co-molded or over-molded as one part. FIG. 107
illustrates a skinned gel portion 4640 (which has already set)
chemically bonded to clip 4680 formed of an unskinned, "rubber"
duro gel portion.
[0271] FIG. 108 illustrates a single bladder forming a cushion 4740
and frame 4790. The bladder may be separated into two chambers, one
chamber holding gel and the other chamber holding a more rigid
material. The single bladder may be stamped in a mold and then each
chamber filled with the desired materials.
[0272] In an alternative embodiment, the frame or cushion clip may
be the plug in plug-assisted vacuum-forming. For example, the gel
skin is placed over the mold cavity, the frame pushes the skin into
the mold, the skin is vacuumed onto the sides of the mold cavity,
the mold is cooled to set the skin, then gel is filled into the
skin and around the frame, then the skin is welded onto the frame.
The frame will extend into the gel cushion in some way (either all
of the way or only a portion of the way) meaning that softer gels
can be used as there is a supporting wall through the cushion. The
mask may be sold as one piece or the cushion and cushion clip may
be sold as one piece.
[0273] FIG. 116 illustrates a one size fits all cushion clip 5380
wherein the cushion clip can be attached to various sizes of
cushion (e.g., large (L), medium (M), and small (S)), i.e., user
can interchange cushion on cushion clip. Such arrangement minimizes
the number of mask parts.
[0274] FIGS. 13a, 13b 14, 20, 49, 50, 55, 58-60, 64, 103, 123, and
124 also show alternative frame engaging portions and/or cushion
clips provided to the gel for engagement with a frame.
2.1.2.1.1.1 Seal with Frame
[0275] In certain applications, it may be desirable for as much as
possible of the mask system to be sterilizable or at least
cleanable so that it is suitable for multi-patient multi-use
(MPMU). Some forms of cushion may not be able to withstand the
sterilization or cleaning process. Other forms of cushion may be
easier to clean when a separate component. Hence, it may be
desirable to make the cushioning element removable from the frame
or shell.
[0276] In order to attach the cushioning component to the frame of
the mask system, a cushion clip can be interfaced between the
cushion and the frame. A cushion clip may be a made from a flexible
material such as polyurethane, or a more rigid material such as
polycarbonate. In an embodiment, the cushion is permanently or
semi-permanently attached to the cushion clip. In an alternative
embodiment, the cushion is permanently attached to the frame.
[0277] Gel-filled cushions typically have an outer film or bladder
surrounding the gel and substantially sealed against leakage. This
outer film or membrane can be made from a flexible material, such
as polyurethane. The outer film may be formed from one or more
sheets or films of the flexible material or a combination of a
flexible material and a rigid or semi-rigid materials. In an
embodiment, the outer film is continuous such that the gel is
sealed within the film. This may be preferable for disinfection of
the cushion and also meets disinfection standards for MPMU
(Multi-Patient-Multi-Use).
[0278] For the outer film to be continuous and sealed, the sheets
of flexible material may be joined forming a seal edge to prevent
leakage of gel. The joining of the flexible material may be
achieved by securing the ends of the flexible material sheets at
the seal edge, for example, by gluing, welding, or any other
reasonable means. An example of such a configuration is shown in
FIG. 36 where flexible plastic piece 601 has been joined to
flexible plastic piece 602 along joint 603, encasing a gel 604. An
outer membrane 605 is provided to the gel 604.
[0279] However, a cushioning element can cause discomfort because
of the positioning of a seal edge where it may contact the skin of
a person wearing the mask.
[0280] In some applications, the structure containing gel may
include a rigid (or semi-rigid) component, either internally or as
part of a sidewall. The rigid component may function as a cushion
clip. Where the rigid component forms a sidewall, in order to form
a joint between the thin film material and the rigid component, it
may be necessary to include an edge portion in the rigid component
(clip 607) to which may be welded an edge of the film of cushion
606, forming the seal edge or mating surface, as shown in FIG. 37.
Depending on the way that a bond is formed between the film and the
rigid component, it may be necessary for the rigid component to
include a thin, rigid projecting rim or lip region, for example at
an angle of about 90 degrees to the rigid component. Such a
projecting rim or lip could impinge on the nose of the patient in
use.
[0281] In an embodiment, engagement of the joint with the mating
surface may be achieved by Radio Frequency (RF) welding. However,
alternative methods may be utilized, e.g., gluing or co-molding The
engagement may occur on the side of the mask that is closest to the
patient's nose and/or mouth (as shown in FIG. 37).
[0282] In prior art masks, the engagement of the joint on the
cushion 606 with the mating surface on the frame or cushion clip
607 has been at 0.degree. or on plane P as shown in FIG. 38a. FIG.
39a shows how this configuration can interfere with and cause
discomfort to the patient.
[0283] Hence, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention,
the projecting rim or lip region is arranged in a way so that it
does not impinge on the nose of the patient in use. For example,
the rim may be angled to be less than 90 degrees.
[0284] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the seal
edge is angled so that it is more comfortable for the patient. In
an embodiment, the engagement of the join on the cushion with the
mating surface on the cushion clip may be angled below plane P. In
one form, the engagement may be less than 180.degree.. In one form,
the engagement may be less than 90.degree.. In another form, the
engagement may be less than 45.degree.. In another form, the
engagement may be 60.degree.. In another form, the engagement may
be 45.degree.. In another form, the engagement may be 30.degree..
Examples of these forms are shown in FIGS. 38b and 38b, where the
angle .alpha.1 of engagement at P.sub.1 is about 45.degree. and the
angle .alpha.2 of engagement at P.sub.2 is about 90.degree.. FIG.
39b shows how an angled configuration may improve the comfort of
the mask system for the patient.
2.1.2.1.2 Gel to Cushion
[0285] The gel may be supported by and/or attached to a cushion
(e.g., via a gel to cushion interface) and then the cushion may be
attached to the frame. In such embodiments, the cushion may be
manufactured as two or more components (e.g., membrane and gel
bladder formed separately and coupled to one another) or the
cushion may be manufactured as a single component (e.g., membrane
and gel bladder molded as a one piece component).
2.1.2.1.2.1 Two Components
[0286] In the two component configuration, the separately made gel
bladder may be coupled to the membrane (e.g., LSR membrane) in
alternative manners, e.g., "tuckable" (in which the gel bladder is
tucked or inserted into a pocket within the membrane) and
"stackable" in which the gel bladder forms part of an assembly that
is stacked or otherwise interlocked with the membrane), as
discussed further below. In each embodiment, the inside of the LSR
membrane or gel bladder may be frosted so that the parts can be
easily aligned. This arrangement provides more choice of gel since
the gel is not enclosed or formed with the LSR membrane but made
separately.
[0287] In an alternative embodiment, a gel with no skin may be
provided to a cushion, wherein the silicone membrane of the cushion
seals the cushion on the patient's face and also protects the gel
from external contaminants.
"Tuckable"
[0288] FIG. 41 illustrates a tuckable cushion arrangement in which
the cushion includes a membrane 710 (e.g., LSR membrane) with a
pocket to receive a separately made gel bladder 740 (e.g.,
polyurethane gel with polyurethane skin). An existing cushion clip
780 (e.g., ResMed's Quattro clip) may be used to secure the cushion
to an existing frame 790 (e.g., ResMed's Quattro frame). As
illustrated, the membrane includes a seal lip structured to form a
seal with the frame.
[0289] FIGS. 149 and 150 illustrate exemplary methods for tucking
or inserting the gel bladder into the cushion pocket and under the
membrane. In FIG. 149, the gel bladder 740 is tucked into the
pocket of a cushion 710 that is already attached to the mask frame
790. In FIG. 150, the gel bladder 740 is tucked into the pocket of
a cushion 710, and then the cushion 710 with gel bladder 740 is
subsequently attached to the mask frame 790. In these embodiments,
the cushion 710 is provided with an existing cushion clip 780
(e.g., ResMed's Quattro clip) that is used to secure the cushion
710 to an existing frame 790 (e.g., ResMed's Quattro frame).
However, it should be appreciated that the cushion may be retained
to the frame in other suitable manners (e.g., ResMed's
Liberty/Vista retention designs). Also, it should be appreciated
that FIGS. 149 and 150 may simply illustrate an exemplary method
for inserting a gel bladder to a cushion, i.e., regardless of
gel/cushion arrangement.
[0290] The cushion and tuckable gel bladder may include alternative
structures to that described above to facilitate assembly and
detainment of the gel bladder to the cushion. For example, the gel
bladder may include a polyurethane skin all around it ("flexible
gel" as shown in FIG. 41), a polyurethane skin with silicone
backing ("semi-rigid gel"), a relatively thick silicone backing to
provide a "dual durometer" arrangement, an arrangement that allows
various backings/rigidizing components to be modified or added
("rigid gel"), and/or an arrangement such that the gel bladder is
modeled to approximate the position and an undercushion (e.g.,
undercushion of ResMed's Quattro cushion). The cushion may be
structured by modifying an existing cushion (ResMed's Quattro
cushion) to include a recessed area or shelf to support the gel
bladder, e.g., remove existing undercushion. The cushion may be
attached to a frame via a cushion clip ("rigid cushion"), which
allows precise alignment of the cushion to the frame. However, the
cushion may be attached to a frame without a cushion clip
("flexible cushion").
[0291] FIGS. 151-153 illustrate alternative cushions with tuckable
gel bladders. For example, FIG. 151 illustrates a one-action
locking arrangement in which the cushion includes a membrane 710
and a flexible arm 711 that defines a pocket 760 to receive the gel
bladder 740. When the cushion is secured to the frame 790, the wall
of the cushion channel deflects the arm 711 into engagement with
the bladder 740 to securely retain the gel bladder within the
pocket 760. FIG. 152 illustrates a gel bladder 740 (e.g.,
polyurethane gel with polyurethane skin) with a clip 742 (e.g.,
polyurethane clip) provided to the base of the gel bladder 740
(e.g., polyurethane skin of the gel bladder welded or molded to the
polyurethane clip). The membrane 710 includes a recess 712 adapted
to receive the clip 742 to securely retain the gel bladder 740 to
the cushion. Also, the cushion provides a sealing flap 770 adapted
to engage the frame. FIG. 153 illustrates a cushion with a reverse
or outside/exterior pocket arrangement to receive the gel bladder
740, i.e., pocket 760 for gel bladder provided along cushion
exterior rather than cushion interior. In such embodiment, the gel
bladder 740 may be provided as two elongated pieces (rather than a
one-piece loop) that cooperate to extend around the cushion
perimeter.
[0292] FIGS. 154 and 155 illustrate a tuckable gel bladder 740
including a flexible gel 741 with a harder silicone backing 742.
The gel bladder 740 may be tucked into the pocket 760 of a cushion
710, which includes a cushion clip 780 for securing the cushion to
a frame 790. The cushion and cushion clip may be referred to as a
relatively rigid cushion.
[0293] FIG. 156 illustrates a tuckable gel bladder 740 including a
gel 741 and a rigid support 742 bonded or otherwise attached to the
gel. The gel and rigid support may be referred to as a relatively
rigid gel. As shown in FIG. 157A, the gel bladder 740 may be tucked
into the pocket 760 of a cushion 710, with the rigid support 742 of
the gel bladder supported by the frame 790. As illustrated, the
cushion 710 may be attached to the frame 790 without a cushion
clip.
[0294] In an alternative embodiment, the cushion may include a
cushion clip for securing the cushion to the frame. As shown in
FIG. 157B, the rigid support 742 supporting the gel 741 may be
abbreviated or shortened, so that the rigid support 742 and cushion
clip 780 are not in the same vertical position around the cushion
perimeter to maintain cushion flexibility.
[0295] FIG. 158 illustrates a cushion 710 (e.g., LSR cushion) with
a well-defined locating shelf 716 for supporting a gel bladder 740
(e.g., silicone backed gel (dual duro)). The well-defined location
in the cushion provides intuitive assembly and gives the user
feedback that assembly has been done correctly. In contrast, FIG.
155, for example, does not provide a well-defined gel location in
the cushion, e.g., no shelf. In an embodiment, inner surfaces of
the cushion may be frosted to facilitate assembly. Also, the gel
may be designed for seal and size (anthropometry).
[0296] As shown in FIG. 159, a portion 716(1) of the locating shelf
716 may be cored out or removed to facilitate manufacturing, e.g.,
core out may facilitate demolding and lower cycle time. In
addition, the cored out shelf may enhance gel softness or comfort
by adding flexibility or springiness to the shelf. Ribs may be
added to the core out to tweak shelf flexibility.
[0297] FIG. 160 illustrates a tuckable embodiment in which the gel
bladder 740 includes a hard or rigid clip 742. As illustrated, the
gel bladder 740 includes a gel 741 and a rigid clip 742 bonded or
otherwise attached to the gel 741. The rigid clip 742 includes a
tab 742(1) that is adapted to be fit (e.g., interference fit) into
a slot 712 provided in the locating shelf of the cushion 710. The
cushion 710 may include a cushion clip 780 for securing the cushion
to the frame 790.
[0298] In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 161, the cushion 710 may
be first assembled to the frame 790, and then the gel bladder 740
may be tucked into the cushion membrane where the tab 742(1) can be
located and pushed into engagement with the slot 712 in the
locating shelf. In an alternative embodiment, the gel bladder may
be first tucked into the cushion membrane where the tab can be
located and pushed into engagement with the slot in the locating
shelf, and then the cushion may be assembled to the frame. In such
embodiment, pushing the cushion into the frame may also effect
engagement of the tab with the slot in the locating shelf.
[0299] FIGS. 162 and 163 illustrate embodiments of a gel bladder
740 with a hard clip 742, wherein the hard clip 742 provides a
shape that corresponds to or matches the shape of the locating
shelf 716. For example, the hard clip 742 of FIG. 162 provides a
sloped configuration to match the sloped configuration of the
locating shelf 716, and the hard clip 742 of FIG. 163 provides an
arcuate configuration to match the arcuate configuration of the
locating shelf 716. As shown in FIG. 163, the gel bladder provides
a generally egg shape.
[0300] In FIG. 175, the hard or rigid clip 742 of the gel bladder
740 includes an L-shaped configuration such that one leg is
supported by the locating shelf 716 and the other leg overhangs the
outer wall 792 of the frame channel. As illustrated, the base 718
of the cushion 710 is structured such that the locating shelf 716
is substantially flush with the end of the outer wall 792 when
inserted into the frame channel. In addition, the base 718 of the
cushion may be retained within the frame channel without a cushion
clip.
[0301] As shown in FIG. 164, the gel bladder 740 sits in the
cushion 710 along the line of draw of the cushion. To aid location,
portions of the gel bladder 740 may be structured to tuck or extend
into the cushion (e.g., clip 742 includes laterally extending tab
742(1) adapted to be inserted into a lateral slot 712 provided in
the locating shelf of the cushion as shown in FIG. 165). For
example, as shown in FIG. 166, FIG. 164 may represent a section
along line 164 of FIG. 166 and FIG. 165 may represent a section
along line 165 of FIG. 166, which indicates that the gel bladder
740 may be adapted to tuck into an upper portion of the cushion
(e.g., nasal bridge region).
[0302] The hard clip 742 of the gel bladder 740 may extend around
the entire perimeter of the gel or the hard clip may extend around
selected portions of the perimeter of the gel. For example, FIGS.
167 and 168 are alternative rear views of the gel bladder showing
selected portions of the gel 741 provided with the hard clip 742.
Such partial hard clip may facilitate its use with existing cushion
clips adapted to secure the cushion to the frame, e.g., hard clip
and cushion clip provided in alternative positions around the
cushion perimeter to maintain cushion flexibility (e.g., hard clip
and cushion clip in same position along cushion perimeter may cause
the cushion to become too firm).
[0303] FIGS. 169 and 170 illustrate a cushion arrangement to
facilitate assembly/disassembly of the cushion to the frame. As
shown in FIG. 169, the base 718 of the cushion 710 includes a tab
718(1) that extends laterally outwardly from an exterior surface of
the cushion. Such tab 718(1) extends around the entire perimeter of
the cushion. When the cushion 710 is assembled to the frame 790,
the tab 718(1) provides an area for pushing the cushion 710 into
engagement with the frame 790. As illustrated, the tab 718(1) is
adapted to engage the free end of the outer wall 792 of the frame
channel when the cushion is fully inserted.
[0304] As shown in FIG. 170, one or more selected portions of the
tab 718(1) include an extended length that is adapted to overhang
the outer wall 792 of the frame channel. Such overhang provides a
finger grip to facilitate removal of the cushion 710 from the frame
790, e.g., overhang may be pulled in the direction of the arrow in
FIG. 170 to disassemble.
[0305] FIGS. 171 to 174 illustrate alternative configurations of
the locating shelf 716 in the cushion for supporting the gel
bladder 740. As illustrated, the shelf 716 may be relatively flat
(FIG. 171), or the shelf 716 may be more curved or cup-shaped to
cradle the gel bladder 740 (FIGS. 172-174). The configuration of
the shelf may be the same around the cushion perimeter, or the
configuration of the shelf may vary around the perimeter of the
cushion. In an embodiment, the shelf may be an existing
undercushion of a cushion.
[0306] FIG. 176 illustrates an embodiment in which the gel bladder
740 includes a gel 741 and a rigid, c-shaped clip 742 bonded or
otherwise attached to the gel. The cushion 710 includes a locating
shelf 716 and a slot 712 adjacent the shelf 716. The clip 742 is
adapted to interlock with the shelf 716 such that one arm of the
clip extends into the slot 712 and the other arm of the clip
overhangs the shelf 716. Such arrangement securely locates and
retains the gel bladder in position. In addition, the clip
facilitates alignment of the cushion with the frame. The base of
the membrane may include a sealing lip 770 for sealing against the
frame 790.
[0307] FIGS. 84 and 85 illustrate a typical cushion alignment with
the gel 3340 underneath the membrane 3310 and within the frame
channel.
[0308] FIGS. 88 and 89 illustrate a gel 3540 provided to the
outside of the cushion membrane 3510 for cushioning and support.
Such arrangement may also be aesthetically pleasing as the gel is
visible. As illustrated, the membrane is s-shaped to form a seal
with patient's face.
[0309] FIGS. 90 and 91 illustrate a predominantly gel cushion 3640
under a membrane 3610, however a small portion of the gel 3641 may
extend outside of the membrane for the patient to touch (e.g., soft
touch spots or points). The touch spots may be on the outer edge or
top portion of the cushion. Such arrangement may provide an
aesthetic feature.
[0310] FIG. 92 illustrates a dual wall membrane 3710 with a gel
3740. As illustrated, the walls may extend in opposite directions
and the gel may be provided under both walls. The double cushioning
affect as well as aesthetic gel provide an appearance of
comfort.
[0311] FIGS. 93 to 95 illustrate a gel insert 3840 inserted between
a silicone support cushion 3812 and silicone sealing membrane 3810
(e.g., dual wall cushion constructed of LSR). The gel insert is
provided for comfort so it may be very soft, e.g., Shore
000<10-20. The gel insert may be retrofitted to currently
available masks, e.g., ResMed's Quattro mask.
[0312] FIG. 98 illustrates a cushion with an air pocket 4015
between the gel 4040 and the face contacting membrane 4010. The air
pocket provides an additional spring/gusset to the cushion.
[0313] FIG. 102 illustrates a silicone support rib 4312 and an
optional rigid component 4350 (e.g., provided to the frame) that
are structured to maintain the soft gel cushion 4340 in place.
[0314] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a respiratory mask assembly 80
enables a supply of breathable gas to be delivered to the airways
of a patient 70. The mask assembly includes an inlet 90 and a
cushion assembly 100. An example of a suitable mask is the ResMed
MIRAGE MICRO nasal mask. As shown in FIG. 4, the cushion assembly
100 includes a molded membrane 110, an undercushion subassembly
120, and a clip 130. The clip 130 is structured to engage with both
the cushion assembly 100 and a frame 140 of the respiratory mask
assembly 80. The clip may be arranged in a similar manner to the
clip used in the ResMed ACTIVA nasal mask, and as shown and
described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,823,869 (e.g., see FIGS. F67 to F73(b)
and columns 31-34). Unlike the ResMed ACTIVA mask, a mask in
accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may include
a removable undercushion sub-assembly 120. As illustrated, the
undercushion subassembly 120 provides a clip that is adapted to be
fit into a slot provided in the membrane, and the clip 130 is
adapted to attach the cushion to the frame 140.
[0315] In embodiments, the cushion may be attached to the frame
without a cushion clip. In such embodiments, the rigid clip
provided to the gel bladder may replace the function of a cushion
clip by providing rigidity to facilitate locating and pushing the
cushion to the frame channel.
[0316] FIG. 30 shows a top view of the main elements of respiratory
mask system 505 assembled, i.e., frame 510, sealing membrane 520,
and undercushion 530. FIG. 31 shows the sealing membrane 520 and
the undercushion 530 disassembled. FIGS. 32-35 show alternative
views of the undercushion, wherein "N" indicates the nasal bridge
end of the cushion and the "L" indicates the top lip end of the
cushion. The number of undercushions 530 used can also be varied,
for example 2 or more. Some or all of these undercushions 530 can
contain the above stated gel or any other material such as foam or
gas.
[0317] FIG. 16 also shows a gel 340 with a hard insert 350 adapted
to support the gel within the cushion.
"Stackable"
[0318] FIG. 42 illustrates a stackable cushion arrangement in which
the cushion includes a clip 780 (e.g., polyurethane clip), a
membrane 710 (e.g., LSR membrane) provided to the clip 780, and a
gel bladder 740 (e.g., polyurethane gel with polyurethane skin)
supported by the clip 780. The clip 780 may be used to secure the
cushion to an existing frame 790 (e.g., ResMed's Quattro frame). In
an embodiment, the polyurethane clip may be foamed to reduce weight
of parts. The gel bladder may be permanently joined to the clip
(e.g., by glue) or the gel bladder may be joined to the clip by
insert molding (e.g., form polyurethane clip in one half of tool,
form bladder and fill with gel in other half of tool, while still
warm close tool and clip and bladder will chemically bond). The
membrane may be slid into the clip, i.e., membrane fit into clip
before clip is in the frame or after clip is in the frame (easier
usability).
[0319] In the stackable embodiment of FIG. 43, the cushion includes
a membrane 710 (e.g., LSR membrane) and a clip 730 (e.g.,
polyurethane clip) that supports a gel bladder 740 (e.g.,
polyurethane gel with polyurethane skin). An existing cushion clip
780 (e.g., ResMed's Quattro clip) is provided to the membrane to
secure the cushion to an existing frame 790 (e.g., ResMed's Quattro
frame). As illustrated, the parts overlap one another for
assembly.
[0320] FIG. 177 illustrates a stackable cushion arrangement in
which the cushion includes a base or cushion-to-frame interface 780
(e.g., polyurethane base), a gel bladder 740 (e.g., polyurethane or
silicone gel with polyurethane skin) supported by the base 780, a
clip 730 (e.g., polypropylene clip) provided to one side of the
base, and a membrane 710 (e.g., LSR membrane) coupled to the clip
730 and sealing engaged with the base (e.g., via sealing lip 770).
The base 780 and clip 730 may be used to secure the cushion to an
existing frame 790 (e.g., ResMed's Quattro frame), e.g., with a
friction fit.
[0321] FIG. 178 illustrates a gel bladder 740 supported by a clip
structure 780 which is adapted to engage the frame 790. The clip
structure 780 locates and retains the gel bladder 740 to the
cushion. The base 718 of the membrane 710 (e.g., LSR membrane)
extends along one side of the clip structure 780, and the base 718
and clip structure 780 are located and retained within the frame
channel of the frame 790. The contrasting materials of the clip
structure and membrane (e.g., plastic and silicone) may facilitate
retention and location within the frame channel.
[0322] In FIG. 179, the clip structure 780 includes a tab 780(1)
adapted to engage within a corresponding recess in the membrane 710
to enhance retention/location of the membrane. In addition, a seal
771 may be provided between the clip structure 780 and frame 790 to
enhance the seal between the same.
[0323] In FIG. 180, the support structure 780 includes a tab 780(1)
adapted to engage within a corresponding recess in the membrane
710, and the membrane 710 and support structure 780 and retained
within the frame channel of the frame 790, e.g., via a friction
fit. In this embodiment, the support structure does not include a
clip for interlocking with the frame. In addition, a lip seal 770
may be provided to the membrane to enhance the seal with the frame
channel.
[0324] FIG. 181 is similar to FIG. 179. In contrast, the shelf of
the clip structure 780 supporting the gel bladder 740 is shorter,
which allows the gel bladder to engage and form a seal with the
outer wall 792 of the frame channel.
[0325] In the stackable embodiment of FIG. 182, the cushion
includes a membrane 710 (e.g., silicone membrane), a clip 730
(e.g., Pocan.RTM.) including one end interlocked with the membrane
710, and a base 780 (e.g., polyurethane or silicone clip) that
supports a gel bladder 740 (e.g., polyurethane gel with
polyurethane skin). As illustrated, the base 780 and clip 730
engage and overlap one another for assembly to the frame channel of
the frame 790, e.g., with a friction fit. The membrane 710 may
include a sealing lip 770 for sealing against the base 780. In an
embodiment, the gel bladder may be joined to the clip by insert
molding, and the clip may be injection molded and then interlocked
with the membrane.
[0326] In the stackable embodiment of FIG. 183, the cushion
includes a membrane 710 (e.g., silicone membrane) and a clip 780
(e.g., Pocan.RTM.) that supports a gel bladder 740 (e.g.,
polyurethane gel with polyurethane skin). The clip 780 includes a
tab 780(1) adapted to interlock with a corresponding recess
provided to the base 718 of the membrane 710. The interlocked
clip/membrane is then assembled to the frame channel of the frame
790, e.g., with a friction fit. As illustrated, the shelf 716 of
the clip supporting the gel bladder does not extend along the
entire length of the gel bladder, which allows the gel bladder to
engage and form a seal with the outer wall 792 of the frame
channel. In an embodiment, the clip may be injection molded and
then attached to the gel bladder, e.g., by glue.
[0327] In the stackable embodiment of FIG. 184, the cushion
includes a membrane 710 (e.g., silicone membrane) and a clip 780
(e.g., Pocan.RTM.) that supports a gel bladder 740 (e.g.,
polyurethane gel with polyurethane skin). The clip 780 includes a
tab 780(1) adapted to interlock with a corresponding recess
provided to the base 718 of the membrane. The interlocked
clip/membrane is then assembled to the frame channel of the frame
790, e.g., with a friction fit. In this embodiment, the shelf 716
of the clip supporting the gel bladder extends along the entire
length of the gel bladder. The base of the membrane may include a
sealing lip 770 for sealing against the frame channel. In an
embodiment, the clip may be injection molded and then attached to
the gel bladder, e.g., by glue.
[0328] In the stackable embodiment of FIG. 185, the cushion
includes a membrane 710 (e.g., silicone membrane of about 40 duro)
and a clip 780 (e.g., silicone clip of about 70 duro) that supports
a gel bladder 740 (e.g., polyurethane gel with polyurethane skin).
The base 718 of the membrane extends along one side of the clip
780, and the base 718 and clip 780 are assembled to the frame
channel, e.g., with a friction fit. The base of the membrane may
include a sealing lip 770 for sealing against the clip 780.
[0329] In the stackable embodiment of FIG. 186, the cushion
includes a membrane 710 (e.g., silicone membrane of about 40 duro),
a clip 730 (e.g., Pocan.RTM.) including one end interlocked with
the membrane 710, and a base 780 (e.g., silicone clip of about 70
duro) that supports a gel bladder 740 (e.g., polyurethane gel with
polyurethane skin). The base 718 of the membrane 710 and the clip
730 extend along one side of the base 780, and the assembly is
assembled to the frame channel, e.g., with a friction fit. The base
718 of the membrane may include a sealing lip 770 for sealing
against the base 780.
[0330] In an alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 187, the gel
bladder 740 may be a polyurethane or silicone gel with an LSR layer
(e.g., 40 duro) and the base or clip 780 may be constructed of
70-80 duro silicone. In such embodiment, the membrane (not shown)
may have a configuration such as that shown in FIGS. 177 or 178,
for example.
[0331] FIGS. 188 and 189 illustrate alternative embodiments for
attaching the gel bladder 740 to the base or clip 780 of FIG. 187.
In FIG. 188, the LSR-layered gel bladder 740 may be glued to the
silicone clip 780 with an adhesive 795. In FIG. 189, the
polyurethane or silicone gel 741 is provided to the LSR layer 745,
and then the silicone clip 780 is inserted into the LSR layer 745
to form a bond with the polyurethane or silicone gel 741 when
cast.
[0332] FIGS. 65 and 66 illustrate a cushion with a gel first
portion 2240 (frame contacting portion) and a silicone second
portion 2210 that forms a sealing membrane. This arrangement
provides a slimmer design as the components are stacked vertically
instead of aligned horizontally, i.e., top cushion portion stacked
on bottom cushion portion. The cushion may be provided to frame
2290.
2.1.2.1.2.2 Single Component (Gel-Filled LSR)
[0333] FIG. 40 illustrates a cushion including a membrane 710
(e.g., LSR membrane) and gel bladder 740 (e.g., polyurethane or
silicone gel) molded as a one piece component. An existing cushion
clip 780 (e.g., ResMed's Quattro clip) may be used to secure the
cushion to an existing frame 790 (e.g., ResMed's Quattro frame). In
an embodiment, the gel may be injected into the LSR membrane while
it is still in the LSR molding tool. This arrangement provides a
small number of mask parts.
[0334] A method of moulding a gel cushion is described in pending
European Patent application EP 08160921.6 filed 22 Jul. 2008, the
contents of which are hereby incorporated by cross-reference.
[0335] FIGS. 70, 96, 142-148, and 190 to 204 also show gel-filled
LSR cushions.
[0336] As best shown in FIGS. 197, 199, and 200, a cap 775 may be
provided to the base of the cavity to enclose and retain the gels
740, 750 within the bladder or cavity (e.g., cap over-molded with
the LSR cushion). A gate or hole 776 is provided in the cap 775 to
allow injection of the gels into the bladder 746 (e.g., see FIGS.
193, 194, and 196). For example, FIG. 195 shows the cushion without
the cap, and FIG. 196 shows the cushion with the cap.
[0337] In an embodiment, a first gel 740 may be injected through
the gate 776 and then cured, and following curing of the first gel,
a second gel 750 may be injected through the gate 776 and then
cured. Once both gels are cured, the silicone used to make the
bladder may be injected over the gate 776 to seal the cushion.
[0338] The cap 775 provides a channel 777 around its perimeter that
is structured to receive a cushion clip for attaching the cushion
to the mask frame. When the cushion clip is assembled to the
cushion, the cushion clip 780 is structured to cover the gate 776
(e.g., see FIG. 197), therefore making it more aesthetically
pleasing.
[0339] In an embodiment, some or all the cushion may be frosted to
facilitate manufacture. Also, engraving may be provided to one or
more sides of the cushion for branding, etc.
[0340] In the illustrated embodiment, the aperture 719 (e.g., see
FIGS. 191, 192, 195, and 196) adapted to receive the patient's nose
(or the patient' nose and mouth in an alternative embodiment) may
be formed during the molding process, i.e., cushion has a molded
aperture so that a secondary punching process is not required to
form the aperture. This arrangement allows the membrane 710 to
curve more inwardly (i.e., curve more inwardly towards the
breathing cavity and away from the patient's face), thus effecting
a better seal as the membrane can inflate more in use. In addition,
a molded aperture provides a cleaner finish on the edges of the
membrane.
[0341] FIGS. 202 to 204 illustrate the cushion 700 provided to a
mask 789 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As
illustrated, the mask 789 includes a frame 790, an elbow assembly
791 provided to the frame and adapted to be connected to an air
delivery tube that delivers breathable gas to the patient, and a
forehead support 793 to provide a support and stability mechanism
between the mask and the patient's forehead. Headgear may be
removably attached to the frame (e.g., via a headgear clip
arrangement) and the forehead support to maintain the mask in a
desired adjusted position on the patient's face. As noted above,
the cushion is provided with a cushion clip 780 for attaching the
cushion to the frame 790, e.g., with a snap-fit.
2.2 Gel
[0342] The chamber may be filled with one or more filling materials
or layers or discrete portions of filling materials, e.g., one or
more gels or layers of gel having different properties. For
example, the chamber may be filled with two layers of gel or the
chamber may be filled with more than two layers, e.g., 3 layers, 4
layers, 5 layers or more. The layers may be stacked in the axial
sense (e.g., see FIG. 1d) and/or the layers may be arranged in
other suitable manners, e.g., layers or pie-shaped sections around
the cushion perimeter, layers extending parallel or perpendicular
to the chamber axis, etc.
[0343] The gel may provide a comfortable cushioning structure, and
may provide an appealing tactility to the cushioning structure.
[0344] The chamber may be filled with a gel prior to the inclusion
of support structure, while the chamber is open (e.g., open pour or
gravity fill).
[0345] The uncured gel may be placed in the chamber in a generally
liquid form and fill the lower points of the chamber. The first
uncured gel to be poured into the chamber may be a softer gel. In
this way, in use the softer gel may be adjacent the patient's face.
The second uncured gel to be poured into the chamber may be a
harder gel. In another form, partially, or fully cured gels may be
poured, injected, or otherwise inserted into the chamber.
[0346] In one process, a core, wall or gate may be inserted into
the chamber prior filling with a first gel to prevent flow of the
liquid gel into different regions of the chamber prior to curing.
Once the first gel has cured, or substantially cured, the core,
wall or gate may be removed and a second gel poured into the gel.
In this way, a range of different cross-sections of gel may be
built into a cushion wall. Furthermore, by rotating the chamber to
different angles prior to, during or after curing, the different
layers of gel may have different heights or thicknesses in
different regions. For example, in a top lip region of a nasal
cushion, a harder gel may have a relatively larger height than a
softer gel. In a cheek portion, there may be a relatively larger
height of soft gel material than a harder gel material. In an
alternative form the two different gel materials may have equal
heights in certain or all regions. A rotation process may also be
used to reduce or eliminate air bubbles from a gel prior to curing,
or may be used to ensure bubbles remain if desired.
[0347] In one process, the transition region or surface between
different gel layers may be perpendicular to the walls of the
gel-receiving chamber (e.g., see FIG. 1d), or aligned at an angle
to the walls of the gel-receiving chamber that differs from the
perpendicular (e.g., see FIGS. 212-214). Where not perpendicular
(e.g., sloped), the transition region between different gel layers
may exhibit a more gradual change in properties between the
different gel layers that may lead to improved comfort or tactile
appeal. As shown in the gel-filled LSR cushion of FIGS. 212-214,
the transition region TR between first and second gels 740, 750 is
generally perpendicular to the chamber walls in the upper lip
region (see FIG. 214) and is sloped along its length in the cheek
region (see FIGS. 212 and 213). Similar to the cushion shown in
FIGS. 191 to 204 described in greater detail below, a solid
silicone portion 770 is provided in the nasal bridge region. In an
embodiment, the bladder may be filled with a first uncured gel
layer (e.g., using gravity) to provide a sloped surface or
transition region, the first gel layer is allowed to cure before
the bladder is filled with the second layer.
[0348] In spite of the potential manufacturing challenges in
moulding and demoulding, and the potential for silicone gel to
bleed through a silicone skin, a patient interface including a
cushioning structure moulded from silicone and including a pocket
filled with one or more gels (e.g. silicone gels), and an
integrated sealing membrane or flap in accordance with the present
technology has a number of advantages vis-a-vis the prior art. For
example one or more of the following advantages may be
provided:
[0349] (i) a moulded silicone structure can have greater depth than
can be readily manufactured from a polyurethane bladder, providing
more flexibility in design or greater opportunity to improve the
fit range;
[0350] (ii) a silicone sealed structure in accordance with the
present technology may be multi-patient, multi-use since the gel
may be fully encapsulated. This may contrast with prior gel cushion
structures that do not fully encapsulate the gel, potentially
exposing gel to a patient;
[0351] (iii) A silicone moulded structure enables gel to be in
certain parts of the mask, and not others, for example, not having
gel under the nasal bridge. This may be more difficult in a
polyurethane cushion;
[0352] (iv) silicone skin has a greater elongation at break than a
polyurethane film.
[0353] (v) moulding techniques in accordance with the present
technology allow more consistent wall thickness of a bladder,
compared to a vacuum formed film e.g. polyurethane, leading to
greater control over mechanical properties;
[0354] (vi) Polyurethane doesn't handle higher temperatures as well
as silicone, hence silicone is easier to clean.
[0355] (vii) A moulded structure in accordance with the present
technology can be moulded with inwardly curving walls, compared to
straight walls that may be required in certain prior structures.
The inwardly curving wall structures may bend more comfortably and
consistently, as described above. Alternatively the cushion walls
may have a varied or tailored thickness in different regions, also
allowing fine-tuning of comfort and effectiveness;
[0356] (viii) Polyurethane bladders may require welding that will
leave a flash line. Such a flash line can impinge on the patient's
nose leading to discomfort. A moulded silicone structure may not
have such flashing;
[0357] (ix) A dual durometer structure may be easier to optimise
for comfort and seal;
[0358] (x) According to the present technology the seal and cushion
may be formed in one piece, even though they may be separate
portions of a unitary structure, in contrast with a design that
requires separate components for cushion and seal. Furthermore, a
cushion to frame mechanism may be moulded into the single piece
(e.g. as described in WO 2003/090827, the contents of which are
hereby expressly incorporated by cross-reference), further reducing
the overall mask component count and reducing cost of manufacture
and assembly;
[0359] (xi) Furthermore, a polyurethane gel, unlike a silicone gel,
may discolour with time and may have undesirable odors.
2.2.1 Single Gel
[0360] FIG. 1e shows an arrangement where the bladder or cavity 15
is entirely filled with a single gel material (e.g., either one of
first or second gel materials 40, 50).
[0361] FIGS. 4, 24, 25, 29, 35, 40-43 also illustrate bladders with
a single gel material, for example.
2.2.1.1 Exemplary Gel Hardnesses
[0362] The hardness of the gel may be selected to improve comfort
and/or sealing ability for example. It should be appreciated that
in each exemplary hardness range described below, the gel may
include each point within the range.
[0363] In an embodiment, the bladder may be filled with a gel
having a Shore 000 hardness in the range of about 10 to about 20
(and each point in between, e.g., 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, etc.), and an
over-cushion or sealing membrane may be constructed from a thin
membrane flap having a Shore A hardness in the range of about 20 to
about 60 (and each point in between).
[0364] In another form, the gel has a Shore 000 hardness of between
about 11 and about 19, e.g., between 12 and 18, between 13 and 17,
between 14 and 16, about 15.
[0365] In another form, the gel has a Shore 000 hardness of between
about 10 and about 15, e.g., between about 11 and about 14, between
about 12 and about 13.
[0366] In another form, the gel has a Shore 000 hardness of between
about 15 and about 20, e.g., between about 16 and about 19, between
about 17 and about 18.
[0367] In another form, the gel has a Shore 000 hardness in the
range of about 45 to about 90, e.g., between about 50 and about 90,
between about 60 and about 90, between about 70 and about 90,
between about 80 and about 90, between about 45 and about 80,
between about 45 and about 70, between about 45 and about 60,
between about 45 and about 50.
[0368] In another form, the gel has a Shore 000 hardness of between
about 50 and about 80, e.g., between about 60 and about 80, between
about 60 and about 70, between about 50 and about 70. A gel with
such durometers are beneficial in a facemask because they are
sufficiently soft for comfort, and yet having sufficient hardness
for a supporting structure, thereby increasing comfort and sealing
ability.
[0369] In an alternative embodiment, the undercushion includes a
bladder filled with any material (e.g., foam, silicone, or oil) or
any combination of materials (including gel) having a Shore 000
hardness of between 10 and 20. In yet another alternative
embodiment, the undercushion includes a bladder filled with any
material (e.g., foam, silicone, or oil) or any combination of
materials (including gel) having a Shore 000 hardness of between 45
and 90.
[0370] In another embodiment (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 24-29), the
durometer of the silicone in undercushion 420 may be below about 10
Shore A, e.g., between 1 and 5 Shore A or about 3, 4, or 5 Shore A.
In another embodiment, the durometer of the silicone is above about
10 Shore A.
[0371] In another form, the gel has a Shore 00 hardness equal to or
greater than about 20, e.g., 20-30 or any value inbetween, i.e.,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29.
[0372] In another form, the gel has a Shore 00 hardness less than
or equal to about 5, e.g., 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
[0373] In another form, the gel has a cone penetration hardness
less than about 5 cone penetrations.
[0374] In another form, the gel has a cone penetration hardness
greater than about 200 cone penetrations, e.g., 200-400,
200-250.
[0375] In another form, the gel has a cone penetration hardness
between about 5 and about 200 cone penetrations, alternatively
between s150-200, 160-180, 200-400, 200-250.
2.2.2 Two or More Gels
[0376] Different regions of the cushion may be filled, or partially
filled, with different forms of gel. For example, the nasal bridge
region, cheek region and top lip region may be filled with
different hardness gels.
[0377] For example, the first layer injected may be very soft or
squishy to provide a comfort or soft layer, and the second layer
may be harder to provide a structure or support layer. The
different types of gels for the first and second layers may be
defined using different properties, e.g., hardness (e.g., Shore
hardness, cone penetration hardness), visco-elastic properties
(e.g., time-dependent shear), resiliency, etc. In an embodiment,
the gels may have one or more properties that are similar while
other properties vary, e.g., similar hardnesses and different
viscosities.
[0378] In one form where two or more filling materials are used,
the two filling materials are chosen to have contrasting
properties, e.g. a combination of a harder gel and a softer gel.
The cushioning effect of the cushion structure may be adjusted by
varying the relative heights or volumes of the softer and harder
gels, and alternatively or additionally by adjusting the relative
locations of the two or more materials. Furthermore the thickness
of the chamber wall, and or hardness of the material form which the
chamber is moulded may also be adjusted in different regions. For
example, an inner wall of the cushion may have a thickness of about
0.2 mm to about 0.6 mm, preferably about 0.3 mm to about 0.5 mm,
more preferably about 0.4 mm. An outer wall of the chamber may have
a thickness of about 0.3 mm to about 1 mm, preferably about 0.4 mm
to about 0.8 mm, more preferably about 0.6 mm. Furthermore, a top
portion of a chamber wall, located between an inner and outer
walls, and in use adjacent the patient's face, may have a thickness
in the range of about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, preferably about 0.3
mm to about 0.6 mm, more preferably about 0.4 mm. In one form the
inner and outer walls have a thickness of about 0.5 mm.
[0379] In an embodiment, the first, softer gel closest to the skin
may have a compliance similar to one or more of a soft cheese, e.g.
a blue vein cheese (e.g., brie, Roquefort), a soft ripe, warm
Camembert, gelatin (jello), raw salmon, rare steak, sashimi,
velveeta cheese, or other composites having a similar or comparable
compliance. In an embodiment, the second, harder gel may have a
compliance similar to one or more of a harder cheese, e.g.
mozzarella cheese, hard cheddar cheese, gummy bears, boiled egg, a
medium to well done steak, or other composites having a similar or
comparable compliance.
[0380] In one form filling materials, e.g. gel materials, may be
chosen in pairs having contrasting hardness or compliance
properties such as those of hard cheese/soft cheese; well-done
steak/rare steak; hard-boiled egg/soft-boiled egg; cooked
salmon/raw salmon; concentrated gelatin/dilute gelatin. In this
form of the technology, the precise values of the property, such as
hardness, may be less important since the combined cushioning
effect may be adjusted by varying the relative amounts of the two
contrasting materials, or by varying the thickness of the cushion.
A gel may be combined with a foam.
[0381] For example, when a relatively less resilient filling
material is used, it may be appropriate to increase the thickness
of the chamber wall adjacent the less resilient filling material.
In the forms of the technology where cushioning and sealing are
performed by different structures, adjustment of cushioning may be
made without adjusting sealing structure, allowing the cushioning
structure and the sealing structure to be individually
optimised.
[0382] In this way, the structure may form a soft comfortable
cushion for a respiratory mask with the softest layer of gel
closest to the skin.
[0383] For example, FIG. 1a shows a cushioning structure including
first layer 10, second layer 30, and support 20. FIG. 1b shows the
cushioning structure where the first 10 and second 30 layers are
welded together along their edges to define a cavity 15. FIG. 1c
shows the cushioning structure where the cavity 15 formed by the
layers 10, 30 has been partially filled with a first gel material
40. FIG. 1d shows the cushioning structure where the cavity 15 has
been filled with second gel material 50, after having been filled
with first gel material 40. In subsequent stages, a support
structure may be included and the chamber sealed. In alternative
pathways, the process may be repeated so that third and subsequent
gels may be included. In this way, a more complex cushion wall
structure may be created, for example having a harder interior and
a softer exterior. In an alternative process, the gel may be
injected via injection points in the support structure.
[0384] FIG. 2a shows a portion of a cushioning structure 5 suitable
for a nasal respiratory mask from the view of the patient
face-contacting side, and FIG. 2b shows the portion of a cushioning
structure from the non-patient contacting side to illustrate
injection ports 60. FIG. 2c shows the cushioning structure in the
nasal bridge contacting region (e.g., the cavity is filled with
only one gel material (e.g., gel materials 40 or 50)), and FIG. 2d
shows the cushioning structure in the cheek contacting region
(e.g., the cavity is filled with two different gel materials (e.g.,
gel 40 and gel 50)).
[0385] FIGS. 5-7 show a cushion 205 incorporating dual durometer
gel technology with nasal bridge region 200, cheek region 210, and
top lip region 220. In this form, the cheek region 210 presents to
the face a gel of a first material property value (e.g. a softer or
harder gel) and the nasal bridge region 200 and top lip region 220
have a different material property value (e.g. a harder or softer
gel).
[0386] FIG. 8a shows a schematic cross-section of a chamber 315,
shown end-on, formed for example from a layer of polyurethane. In
FIG. 8b, the core, wall or gate 325 is inserted to prevent filling
of certain regions of the chamber 315 with the first gel. As
illustrated, the core 325 has a tapered configuration along its
length (e.g., thicker base region that tapers to a thinner region
near the face contacting portion). However, it should be
appreciated that the core may have other suitable configuration in
order to modify the hardness or feel provided by the first and
second gels. In FIG. 8c, the first gel 340 is poured into the
chamber 315 and cures. In FIG. 8d, the first gel 340 has cured and
the core, wall or gate 325 has been removed. In the next stage,
shown in FIG. 8e, the second gel 350 is poured into the remaining
space in the chamber 315 to cure.
[0387] FIG. 9a to FIG. 9c show a similar process to that shown in
FIGS. 8a to 8e, from a side view (similar to that shown in FIG. 6).
Corresponding intermediate stages shown in FIGS. 8c and 8d are
omitted. In this process, different amounts or levels of the first
gel 340 may be positioned in the nasal bridge region 200, cheek
region 210 and top lip region 220 to vary the softness or stability
in these regions. As illustrated, the first gel 340 is relatively
thinner in the cheek region 210 (compared to the nasal bridge and
top lip regions 200, 220) to enhance stability and hardness in this
region, whereas the first gel 340 is relatively thicker in the
nasal bridge and top lip regions 200, 220 to enhance comfort and
softness in these regions.
[0388] FIG. 17 also demonstrates another use of the process
described in FIGS. 8a to 8e. The shapes of the first and second gel
portions 340, 350 may be configured to provide the most desirable
comfort and stability properties to each region of the face, for
example, increase comfort at the nasal bridge and increase
stability at the cheeks. That is, the softer, first gel 340 has an
increased height with respect to the harder, second gel 350 in the
nasal bridge region, which enhances comfort and softness in this
region. Likewise, the harder, second gel 350 has an increased
height with respect to the softer, first gel 340 in the cheek
regions, which enhances stability and hardness in this region. It
should also be noted that the shapes of the first and second gel
portions may not be similar and may have different curvature.
[0389] FIG. 18 follows a similar technique to that described in
FIGS. 8a to 8e. Rather than fill the void left in FIG. 8d with gel
(as shown in FIG. 8e), the void may be filled with another gel
encased in a skin. This second gel cushion could be formed
separately (demonstrated in FIGS. 1a and 1b) and positioned inside
the void. FIG. 18 illustrates first gel 340 with first skin 345,
second gel 350 with second skin 355, and a third skin 365 along the
base. Alternatively, the second skin could be placed around the
surface of the void and then filled with the second gel.
[0390] FIG. 10a and FIG. 10b show in cross-section two alternative
configurations, each with two different materials, for example, two
different gels 340, 350.
[0391] FIG. 11a and FIG. 11b show side views with different
materials (e.g., different gels 340, 350) in different regions. For
example, in FIG. 11a, there are two generally horizontal layers. In
FIG. 11b, the nasal bridge region 200 and top lip region 220 are
filled differently than the cheek region 210.
[0392] FIGS. 19a and 19b shows a cushion where higher durometer gel
ribs 350 are equally placed around the cushion filled with a lower
durometer gel 340 for structure. Such ribs 350 are shown towards
the exterior surface of the cushion however it should be
appreciated that these ribs could be placed anywhere within the
cushion, e.g., depending on facial features. Additionally, the ribs
could be formed separately to the cushion and retrofitted to the
external surfaces of the mask. Alternatively, the ribs could be
integrated with the cushion to frame mechanism, e.g., cushion clip.
The ribs may also vary in geometry to better suit facial profile.
For example, the ribs may have varying height and width at certain
points on the face, e.g., to adjust the hardness of the cushion for
different regions of the patient's face.
[0393] FIG. 20 shows another embodiment of the current invention,
demonstrating a cushion with 3 layers of gel, e.g., gels 340, 350,
and 360. Each layer may comprise a gel with different durometer to
the other layers. Alternatively, two layers may have the same
durometer and the final layer may have a higher or lower durometer.
The three layer configuration m.sub.ay enable greater refinement of
the comfort and stability of the cushion. FIG. 61 illustrates a
cushion with three layers of gel, i.e., a low durometer first layer
360, a high durometer second layer 350, and a low durometer third
layer 340. The low durometer first layer 360 may enable the high
durometer second layer 350 to be slightly flexible so that the
cushion can conform to the face. This arrangement provides a
combination of support and comfort.
[0394] FIG. 22 shows another embodiment whereby there are one or
more localized regions of lower durometer gel (region 1) that are
positioned to provide more comfort to the patient. In the
illustrated embodiment, there is softer gel at the nasal bridge and
upper lip or chin regions, while the cheek region includes a higher
durometer gel (region 2). These comfort regions may be formed
integrally with the rest of the cushion, or could be retrofitted to
the cushion. Additionally, the patient may be able to choose from a
range of separate gel cushion inserts that vary in hardness, which
may be retrofitted into the cushion. This enables patients to
customize their mask to suit their individual needs.
[0395] In an embodiment, the cushion may include insertable or
co-molded zones 2001 so that different size and/or durometer zones
may be selectively positioned (e.g., see FIG. 63A). FIG. 63B
illustrates a cushion with first and second zones 1, 2 with first
and second durometers, and one of the first and second zones may be
selectively interchanged with a third zone 3 having a third
durometer. It should be appreciated that the cushion may have any
suitable number of zones to allow multiple zones of different
durometers.
[0396] FIGS. 23a and 23b shows another configuration according to
an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, higher
durometer gel 350 forms a honeycomb-like structure and lower
durometer gel 340 is filled into the spaces created by the
honeycomb. This arrangement provides a trampoline or suspension
system to cushion the patient's face. The higher durometer
structure maintains the design integrity but the lower durometer
gel allows some flexibility.
[0397] FIG. 59 illustrates a cushion with two layers of gel
1840,1850 separated by skin 1855, which avoids mixing of gels and
thus maintains structural integrity. This arrangement may provide
varying heights throughout the inner and outer gel layers to better
conform to patient's face. The two layers may result in a
combination of support and comfort. In an embodiment, the outer
layer may be Shore 000<10-20, and the inner layer may be Shore
000>45-55. A clip 1880 (e.g., Shore A>80) may be provided to
the cushion.
[0398] FIGS. 103 and 104 illustrate a cushion with a first layer of
low durometer gel 4440 and a second layer of high durometer gel
4450, and wherein a cushion clip 4480 is integrally formed into the
second layer 4450.
[0399] FIGS. 199 and 200 show a gel-filled LSR embodiment in which
the bladder 746 is injected with two different gel materials (i.e.,
first and second gels 740, 750) to provide the cushion with
different hardnesses or durometers along its height (e.g., dual
durometer). The height and/or angle of each gel material may be
adjusted to vary the hardness, the rigidity, or the way the cushion
feels on the patient's face in use, e.g., the first gel may be
relatively softer than the second gel and the relative heights of
the gels or ratio of heights may be adjusted to adjust the
hardness.
[0400] The dual durometer gel arrangement may be provided about the
entire perimeter of the cushion, or the dual durometer gel
arrangement may be provided in selected regions of the cushion. For
example, in the illustrated embodiment, the dual durometer gel
arrangement is not provided in the nasal bridge region of the
cushion. That is, the dual durometer gel arrangement is provided in
cheek and upper lip regions of the cushion and a solid silicone
portion 770 is provided in the nasal bridge region of the cushion
(see FIGS. 199 and 204). The solid silicone portion 770 at the
nasal bridge region may facilitate manufacture.
[0401] Also, the hardness provided by the dual durometer gel
arrangement may vary in different regions about the cushion
perimeter. For example, as shown in FIGS. 199 and 200, the cheek
regions may be relatively softer than the upper lip region due to
the longer height of the softer first gel in the cheek regions.
That is, the height of the softer first gel may enhance the
softness and/or shock absorbing characteristic of the cushion while
the height of the harder second gel may enhance the support and/or
springiness of the cushion. The ratio of the heights may be tuned
to vary the hardness, the rigidity, or the way the cushion feels on
the patient's face in use.
[0402] In an embodiment, the first and second gels 740, 750 may be
different colors (e.g., first gel is clear and the second gel is
blue) for aesthetics and/or to emphasize the dual durometer gel
arrangement. The bladder may be substantially transparent to allow
the different colored gels 740, 750 to be visible through the
bladder (e.g., see FIG. 201). In another embodiment, the same gel
may be provided with different colors, e.g., for aesthetics.
2.2.2.1 Exemplary Gel Hardnesses
[0403] The hardness of each gel may be selected to improve comfort
and/or sealing ability for example. It should be appreciated that
in each exemplary hardness range described below, the gel may
include each point within the range.
[0404] In an embodiment (e.g., as shown in FIG. 1d), the first
layer 40 may have a Shore 000 hardness of less than about 10, or
between about 10 and about 20, or between about 15 and about 25, or
between about 20 and about 40, or between about 10 and about 15,
e.g., 12, 13, or 14. The second layer 50 may have a Shore 000
hardness of about 40 to about 50, about 45 to about 55, about 50 to
about 60, about 55 to about 65, about 60 to about 70, greater than
45, or in the range of about 45 to about 90. Alternatively, the
second layer may have an indentation hardness more appropriately
measured on the Shore 00 hardness scale, for example about 10 to
about 20, or about 20 to about 30.
[0405] In another embodiment, (e.g., the gel-filled LSR embodiment
of FIGS. 199 and 200), the first gel (i.e., the patient contacting
gel) may be approximately 10-15 Shore 000, e.g., 13 Shore 000, and
the second gel (i.e., the supporting gel) may be approximately
50-60 Shore 000, e.g., 52 Shore 000.
[0406] In another embodiment (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b)
the gel 350 for the inner supporting layer may be about 45-90 on
the Shore 000, e.g., about 45-70, about 50-70.
2.2.3 Gel Support Structures
[0407] In alternative embodiments, the cushion may be constructed
using one or more layers of gel and one or more layers of another
material, for example a silicone. For example, the second gel or
interior structure/layer described above may be a silicone instead
to support the surrounding gel.
[0408] For example, it should be noted that interior structure
shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b may be made from any other reasonable
material than gel, for example polycarbonate, polypropylene. In
this case, the surrounding gel may be softer (for example, 0-45 on
the Shore 000, e.g., 0-20 on the Shore 000, e.g., 10-20 (e.g., 15))
as there is a more rigid structure supporting its shape.
[0409] FIG. 13a and FIG. 13b show multiple internal structures. The
base structure 350 may be made from silicone and include a portion
352 constructed to engage with a hard component such as a frame of
a mask. In FIG. 13a, the base structure 350 includes multiple
fingers 354 and a surrounding layer 340. In FIG. 13b, first and
second surrounding layers 340(1), 340(2) are provided to the base
structure 350.
[0410] FIG. 14 shows a structure that includes a silicone membrane
component 370, an internal rib 350 that supports an exterior gel
component 340, and a frame engaging portion 352. The frame engaging
portion is integral with the internal rib.
[0411] FIG. 21 shows an alternative configuration whereby the inner
gel or support structure 350 is configured with multiple horizontal
branches in a tree-like shape. Such a configuration may enable
better distribution of compressive forces. FIG. 62 illustrates a
cushion with such a branched medium/high durometer insert 350 to
provide a spring element as well as support.
[0412] FIG. 51 illustrates a firm support 1350 in the center of a
gel cushion 1340. The firm support is not constructed of a gel
(e.g., PC, PP) and may be more rigid (e.g., gel surrounds firm
support). This may be ideal for gels Shore 000 0-20, since shape is
provided by support center, and a more comfortable soft gel can be
used on outer layer. This shape may also be reasonable for gels
Shore 000 20-45, which may not be as comfortable as the softer
gels.
[0413] FIGS. 54 and 55 illustrate a cushion with multiple adjacent
ribs 1552 (e.g., constructed of LSR) within a gel 1540 (e.g., low
duro). The multiple adjacent ribs may be provided for comfort or to
support a very soft gel. The multiple adjacent ribs may also
provide more stability in the horizontal direction than a single
rib insert.
[0414] FIG. 56 illustrates a firm support 1650 in the center of a
gel cushion 1640 and may be more rigid than the gel that surrounds
the support. This may be ideal for gels Shore 000 0-20 (outer
comfort layer) and 45-70 (inner supporting layer).
[0415] FIG. 57 illustrates an insert 1750 within a gel 1740 for
stability. The gel may be relatively thick so that the patient does
not feel the insert. As shown in FIG. 58, the insert 1750 may be
curved to bias the cushion inwards. The insert may be solid or
somewhat harder than the gel. Also, the insert 1750 may be a part
of a cushion clip 1780 (e.g., see FIG. 58). In an embodiment, the
insert/clip may have a Shore A hardness greater than about 80 and
the gel may have a Shore 000 hardness less than about 20.
[0416] FIG. 60 illustrates a cushion with a high durometer
polyurethane core 1950, skin 1945, and a low durometer gel 1940.
This arrangement looks and feels like gel. For comfort, facial
contact with the high durometer core should be avoided.
[0417] FIG. 64 illustrates a cushion with a cured silicone 2150
that gradually blends to an uncured silicone 2140 with a skin 2145.
The uncured silicone will be more viscous so will better conform to
the patient's face.
[0418] FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate an insert 350 within gel 340 that
could be shaped to suit a required stability at parts of the
patient's face, i.e., insert variable around the cushion perimeter
to create structure that is contoured to suit patient's face. For
example, the insert 350 may be shallow at the nasal bridge to avoid
discomfort and deeper at the cheek region for stability (see FIG.
17). The gel 340 could also be contoured to mirror dimensions of
the insert 350 (see FIG. 16) so that the hard insert is not
uncomfortable. Referring to FIG. 16, the gel 340 may be thicker
along an inside portion so the patient will not feel the rib-like
insert maintaining stability.
3. Manufacturing Summary for Gel Mask
[0419] The gel mask or cushion includes four general manufacturing
components, i.e., forming, filling, welding, and trimming.
[0420] To form by vacuum forming/thermoforming, heat film of
polymer, place over male or female mold, and suck film into shape.
The male mold provides a raised (convex) mold, and the female mold
provides a cut out (concave) mold.
[0421] To form by dipping, mandrel in shape of cushion is heated,
mandrel dipped in resin solution then removed, cure resin on
mandrel, and remove from mandrel.
[0422] To form by pressure forming, heat film of polymer, place
film over mold (usually female), and apply air pressure to back of
film to force film into/against mold. This forming process may
provide better detail than vacuum forming because pressure forming
can produce up to five times the pressure of vacuum forming.
[0423] To fill by open cast, fill gel into half of bladder and seal
off with other half of bladder. This filling process can be done in
the tool or nested depending on curing characteristics of the
gel.
[0424] To fill by injection, inject gel into bladder once formed,
and cover the injection point with glue or silicone.
[0425] Welding may include skin to skin or skin to clip.
[0426] Trimming may be automated or manually completed.
3.1 Vacuum Forming
[0427] A structure for retaining a gel in a form suitable for a
respiratory mask is shown in FIGS. 1a to 1e. The structure has
three components: (i) a first or top layer 10, (ii) a second layer
30, and (iii) a support 20. The first and second layers may be made
from a polyurethane film or films having a thickness of about 0.07
mm to about 0.25 mm. The support structure may be made from
polyurethane or polypropylene.
[0428] The top layer is vacuum formed into a shape to define a
gel-receiving chamber or bladder.
[0429] In an embodiment, the top layer may be vacuum formed using a
female mold as shown in FIG. 47. In this technique, a center
portion of the layer is stretched as it is drawn into the female
mold under vacuum. This leads to the center portion being thinner
than the side portions (i.e., softer/thinner skin is at the top
near the patient contacting surface).
[0430] In another embodiment, the top layer may be vacuum formed
using a male mold as shown in FIG. 46. In this technique, side
portions of the layer are stretched as they are drawn on the male
mold under vacuum. This leads to the center portion being thicker
than the side portions (i.e., harder/thicker skin is at the top
near the patient contacting surface).
[0431] The support structure is placed in between the first and
second layers and the first and second layers are Radio Frequency
(RF) welded to join them together. RF welding uses electromagnetic
energy to heat the joining surfaces of the first and second layers.
Pressure is then applied to the joining surfaces by a die. The
combination of heat and pressure causes the joining surfaces of the
first and second layers to permanently bond.
[0432] The support structure may include a series of injection
points through which one or more gels may be injected to fill the
gel-receiving chamber.
[0433] In this embodiment, the top layer or skin defining the gel
bladder or gel cavity may be formed using one skin or two or more
skins (e.g., joined by RF welding).
3.1.1 "1 Skin"
[0434] FIGS. 205 and 206 illustrate "1 skin" embodiments. In these
embodiments, a one-piece skin 7310 is formed (e.g., vacuum formed
or drawn), the gel 7340 is injected and cured, a backing 7330 with
or without a cushion clip 7320 is formed and then the backing 7330
is located and welded to the outer skin 7310, and then a trimming
operation may be performed to remove any excess skin/backing.
[0435] As illustrated, the top layer provides end portions 7315
(e.g., L-shaped parts) that provide a relatively flat surface for
engaging and supporting the backing 7330.
3.1.2 "2 Skin"
[0436] FIGS. 207 and 208 illustrate "2 skin" embodiments. In these
embodiments, the top layer includes inner and outer skins 7310,
7311 that are formed (e.g., vacuum formed or drawn), the inner and
outer skins 7310, 7311 are registered and located with respect to
one another and then welded to one another, a backing 7330 with or
without a cushion clip 7320 is a formed and then the backing 7330
is located and welded to the inner and outer skins 7310, 7311, the
gel 7340 is injected and cured, and then a trimming operation may
be performed to remove any excess skin/backing.
[0437] As illustrated, the top layer provides end portions 7315
(e.g., L-shaped parts) that provide a relatively flat surface for
engaging and supporting the backing 7330.
3.2 Injection Molding
[0438] Another structure for retaining a gel may be created by
molding a component in liquid silicone rubber (gel-filled LSR).
[0439] Materials and manufacturing processes are considered when
designing a gel-filled LSR cushion. For example, the following
manufacturing aspects are considered: hardness of the one or more
gel materials (e.g., suitable 000 Shore hardness of gel); gel
compatibility with the LSR layer (e.g., suitable gel and LSR layer
structure to prevent bleeding of the gel through the LSR layer);
in-mold or out-of-mold filling of gel; suitable gel cure
temperature; suitable gel cure time; mix ratio and viscosity of
gel; thickness of gel; ability to transfer gel filling into
existing LSR process; ability to create a void or cavity in LSR
layer; and/or ability to fill gel into void or cavity of LSR
layer.
3.2.1 Over-Molding
[0440] FIGS. 209-1 to 209-5 illustrate an over-molding process for
manufacturing a gel-filled LSR cushion according to an embodiment
of the present invention. This process includes three consecutive
steps which all occur within the cushion mold, i.e., in-mold
filling. Specifically, an LSR layer 7410 is molded in a mold
including first and second mold parts 7425, 7426 (FIGS. 209-1 and
209-2), the first part 7425 is removed and a gel 7440 is mixed and
poured (e.g., open pour or gravity fill) into the cavity defined by
the LSR layer 7410 (FIG. 209-3), and then a third mold part 7427 is
provided to the second mold part 7426 for over-molding a cap 7430
over the gel-filled layer 7410 (FIGS. 209-4 and 209-5). The gel
7440 is cured before over-molding the cap 7430 to the LSR layer
7410. As illustrated, the ends of the layer 7410 provide a
relatively flat back or support for engaging the cap.
[0441] In this embodiment, a high temperature curing gel (e.g.,
silicone) may be used to withstand the LSR temperatures and control
cure time. Also, the cap may be molded of an LSR material using low
pressure injection molding.
[0442] It should be appreciated that the cushion mold is merely
schematic and each mold part may include multiple components to
facilitate molding/demolding.
[0443] For example, FIG. 211 illustrates a method of molding a gel
cushion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Further details of such method are described in European Patent
Application No. EP 08160921.6, filed 22 Jul. 2008, which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0444] As illustrated, three mold parts 7511, 7512 and 7513 are
provided. They are moveable with respect to each other. Thus, the
mold can be opened and closed. Mold half 7513 is designed
complementary to the cushion's upper side and to its inner side
such as inner wall 7505b. Mold half 7511 is designed complementary
to the cushion's outer circumference and part of the cushion's
lower side. Stamp 7512 is designed complementary to the remainder
of the cushion's lower side and is adapted to form sealing lip
7506.
[0445] Furthermore, a core 7515 is provided within the mold formed
by the mold parts 7511, 7512 and 7513. The core is preferably
C-shaped and mounted on or comprises a handling member 7514 such
as, e.g., a rod. Preferably, core 7515 is substantially symmetrical
with regard to the axis of the cushion to be molded. Preferably,
core 7515 and member 7514 are integrally formed. Preferably, member
7514 is moveably connected to mold half 7513. Core 7515 can thus be
displaced with respect to the mold parts 7511, 7512 and 7513.
[0446] After closing the mold, a first material is injected into
the mold through gate 7516. The first material is cured or at least
partially cured and thus a cushion 7501 is formed. The core 7515 is
enclosed by the cushion 7501 and thus forms a cavity 7504 therein.
Handling member 7514 extends through orifice 7503 to the outside of
cushion 7501. The mold is then opened by moving, e.g., mold parts
7511 and 7512 away from mold part 7513. The moveable part 7514 is
then displaced with respect to mold part 7513, preferably leaving
the core 7515 together with the cushion 7501 in a position without
any contact to other mold parts. Now, the cushion 7501 may be
removed from the core 7515. This may be achieved, e.g. by air
pressure. For instance, member 7514 and core 7515 may comprise an
air conduit for providing pressure. The cavity of the cushion 7501
formed by the core 7115 is thus inflated and the cushion 7501 can
be easily detached from the core 7515. Alternatively, cushion 7501
can be mechanically pulled off the core 7515 without the provision
of air pressure.
3.2.2 Co-Molding
[0447] FIGS. 210-1 to 210-6 illustrate a co-molding process for
manufacturing a gel-filled LSR cushion according to an embodiment
of the present invention. This process includes parallel molding
steps and out-of-mold gel filling. Specifically, an LSR layer 7410
is molded in a first mold including first and second mold parts
7425, 7426 as shown FIGS. 210-3 and 210-4. In a second mold, as
shown in FIG. 201-1, an LSR cap 7430 is molded in first and second
mold parts 7427, 7428. The second mold part 7428 is removed to
allow an adhesive 7435 to be applied to the base of the LSR cap
7430 as shown in FIG. 210-2. As shown in FIG. 210-5, the LSR cap
7430 is suitably located and bonded to the LSR layer 7410 via the
adhesive 7435. Then, as shown in FIG. 210-6, a gel 7440 is injected
into the cavity (e.g., via a hole in the cap 7430) defined between
the LSR layer 7410 and cap 7430. The hole into the cavity is sealed
with silicon.
[0448] In this embodiment, the gel is cured independent of molding,
which allows the cure temperature of the gel to be independent from
the LSR curing temperatures (e.g., polyurethane and silicone gels
may be suitable). Such co-molding arrangement may be compatible
with existing LSR processes.
[0449] In another embodiment, a pre-molded gel piece may be
inserted into the cavity of the LSR layer, and then a cap may be
attached or molded over the LSR layer (e.g., see FIG. 18 described
above).
[0450] It should be appreciated that the cushion mold is merely
schematic and each mold part may include multiple components to
facilitate molding/demolding.
4. Alternative Gel Arrangements
[0451] The following illustrates alternative embodiments and
configurations for gel cushions.
[0452] FIGS. 71 and 72 illustrate a spring mechanism 2585 attached
to a gel cushion 2540 for bias. The spring mechanism 2585 is
structured to act between the gel support or frame and the gel
cushion. In an embodiment, the spring mechanism may be insertable
to the gel cushion 2540 (see FIG. 73).
[0453] FIGS. 74 and 75 illustrate a cushion 2605 with multiple
tubes of gel 2640 stacked to form the cushion. The tubes may have
varying durometers, thicknesses, lengths, etc. A skin may be
provided to the tubes for contacting the patient's face in use.
[0454] FIGS. 76 and 77 illustrates cushions 2705, 2805 with low
durometer and high durometer gel injected simultaneously into the
cushion. In an embodiment, different colored gels may be used to
provide a color mix. For example, FIG. 76 shows a cushion 2705 with
a low duro and high duro coinjection mix, and FIG. 77 shows a
cushion 2805 with a low duro and high duro coinjection "marbled"
effect.
[0455] FIG. 78 illustrates a gel cushion 2940 in which the gel can
move to outside of the frame 2990 when under pressure. A mechanical
switch 2995 `forces` the gel back into the cushion to increase the
bulk of the cushion. In an embodiment, multiple chambers may be
provided around the mask, each chamber having a switch system so
that user can modify pressure in each chamber to suit their face
shape.
[0456] FIG. 79 illustrates a mask having a cam dial 3096 structured
to release gel from a forehead pad reservoir 3070 so that it can
flow down gel channels 3072 and into the cushion 3040, thereby
increasing the volume of gel in the cushion. The user can customize
the amount of gel in the cushion so that it is the right comfort
level. In an embodiment, the reservoir may include water, air, or
oil.
[0457] FIGS. 80 and 81 illustrate a gel cushion 3140 formed in
two-dimensions (e.g., two-dimensional gel pouch) and then wrapped
around and locked together to form a three-dimensional cushion.
This arrangement allows the cushion to be sold in flat packs (see
FIG. 80). The cushion joint 3148 may be joined by a clip, zip or
any other suitable means.
[0458] FIG. 86 illustrates a gel 3440 that extends on either side
of the sealing membrane 3410 to support it. The gel may cause the
membrane to tend inwards and provide comfort. A clip mechanism 3480
(such as that shown in FIG. 87) may be provided to the gel for
attachment to the frame 3490. The membrane 3410 could be co-molded
to the center of the clip 3480 to minimize parts and aid
assembly.
[0459] In an alternative embodiment, headgear and cushion for a
mask may be molded as one part, with the one-piece headgear and
cushion filled with gel or other material.
[0460] FIGS. 67 to 69 illustrate a cushion 2305 adapted to cover
nose and mouth contacting portions as well as forehead pad. The
cushion may have varying hardness throughout the cushion depending
on zone.
[0461] In another alternative embodiment, the cushion may be
structured such that temperature changes the size and/or shape of
the cushion.
[0462] In another alternative embodiment, the cushion may be
constructed of multiple cushions. Some cushions may only be partial
cushions to support/comfort certain areas of the face. The multiple
cushions may have different hardnesses, textures, colors, and/or
dimensions. In an embodiment, the multiple cushions may be
stackable to provide a stack-a-cushion arrangement, e.g., keep
adding more cushions until mask is comfortable or fits better.
[0463] FIG. 105 illustrates a mask with a gusset 4575 provided
between a gel cushion 4540 and a frame 4590 (e.g., like ResMed's
Activa mask). In the illustrated embodiment, only a portion of the
cushion at the top is filled with gel. In an embodiment, the gusset
is springier than known gussets as the weight of the gel may
require more force to move it back and forth.
[0464] FIG. 132 illustrates a gel cushion wherein the gel section
6540 has an ice-pack arrangement that allows it to cool down before
use. For example, the gel section 6540 may be placed in the fridge
or freezer 6599 before use, e.g., for warm nights. Equally, the
cushion may provide a heat-pack arrangement wherein the gel section
may be heated before use.
[0465] FIGS. 133 and 134 illustrate a cushion wherein small balls
of low durometer gel 6640 are encased in a polyurethane or silicone
cushion pouch 6610. In an alternative embodiment, the cushion may
use foam balls.
[0466] FIGS. 135 and 136 illustrate a cushion with small gel/foam
balls encased in a cushion pouch, and wherein higher durometer
balls 6640(1) are positioned at the bottom of the pouch 6610 and
lower durometer balls 6640(2) are positioned at the top of the
pouch 6610.
[0467] FIG. 137 illustrates a cushion with air bubbles 6725
provided within a high durometer gel 6740. The air bubbles alter
the spring characteristics of the gel. In an embodiment, the
cushion may change color when squashed, which could indicate high
force areas.
[0468] FIG. 138 illustrates a cushion including a high durometer
gel foam 6840 filled or injected with a low durometer gel 6850.
Such cushion may act like a "wet sponge" in use.
[0469] FIG. 139 illustrates a cushion with glitter 6998 added for
aesthetics. The glitter could also indicate areas of high
force.
[0470] FIG. 140 illustrates a low durometer gel cushion 7040 with a
mechanical finger pump 7095. The pump may be controlled by the
patient to pump gel around the different areas of the cushion for a
custom fit. The pump may be an oil, air or water pump.
[0471] In an alternative embodiment, the cushion may be constructed
of a super tacky or sticky gel so that no headgear may be needed to
maintain the cushion in position on the patient's face.
[0472] In another alternative embodiment, the cushion may include
an atypical "skin`, e.g., talc, spray-on skin.
[0473] FIG. 141 illustrates a cushion 7105 including a draw string
7197 that is structured to pull the cushion inwards or outwards,
e.g., change the size of the cushion opening. This arrangement may
allow the cushion to be one size fits all, i.e., user adjusts draw
string to suit their face.
[0474] While the invention has been described in connection with
what are presently considered to be the most practical and
preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is
not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the
contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent
arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Also, the various embodiments described above may be implemented in
conjunction with other embodiments, e.g., aspects of one embodiment
may be combined with aspects of another embodiment to realize yet
other embodiments. Further, each independent feature or component
of any given assembly may constitute an additional embodiment. In
addition, while the invention has particular application to
patients who suffer from OSA, it is to be appreciated that patients
who suffer from other illnesses (e.g., congestive heart failure,
diabetes, morbid obesity, stroke, bariatric surgery, etc.) can
derive benefit from the above teachings. Moreover, the above
teachings have applicability with patients and non-patients alike
in non-medical applications.
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