U.S. patent application number 14/831940 was filed with the patent office on 2015-12-10 for seal anchor for use in surgical procedures.
The applicant listed for this patent is Covidien LP. Invention is credited to Russell Heinrich, Paul D. Richard.
Application Number | 20150351796 14/831940 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42753937 |
Filed Date | 2015-12-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150351796 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Richard; Paul D. ; et
al. |
December 10, 2015 |
SEAL ANCHOR FOR USE IN SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Abstract
A surgical apparatus for positioning within a tissue tract
accessing an underlying body cavity includes a seal anchor member
comprising a compressible material and being adapted to transition
between a first expanded condition to facilitate securing of the
seal anchor member within the tissue tract and in substantial
sealed relation with tissue surfaces defining the tissue tract and
a second compressed condition to facilitate at least partial
insertion of the seal anchor member within the tissue tract. The
seal anchor member defines a longitudinal axis, and has leading and
trailing ends with at least one longitudinal port extending
therebetween adapted for reception of an object whereby
compressible material defining the at least one port is adapted to
deform to establish a substantial sealed relation with the object.
The seal anchor member may comprise a memory foam material and may
include a plurality of longitudinal ports.
Inventors: |
Richard; Paul D.; (Shelton,
CT) ; Heinrich; Russell; (Madison, CT) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Covidien LP |
Mansfield |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
42753937 |
Appl. No.: |
14/831940 |
Filed: |
August 21, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13400143 |
Feb 20, 2012 |
9113951 |
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14831940 |
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12244024 |
Oct 2, 2008 |
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13400143 |
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61075867 |
Jun 26, 2008 |
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60997885 |
Oct 5, 2007 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
600/204 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 2017/3429 20130101;
A61B 2017/3486 20130101; A61B 17/3423 20130101; A61B 17/3431
20130101; A61B 17/0218 20130101; A61B 2017/3447 20130101; A61B
2017/3445 20130101; A61B 17/3498 20130101; A61B 2217/002 20130101;
A61M 2039/0223 20130101; A61B 2017/3466 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61B 17/34 20060101
A61B017/34; A61B 17/02 20060101 A61B017/02 |
Claims
1-19. (canceled)
20. A surgical apparatus for positioning within a tissue tract
accessing an underlying body cavity, comprising: a seal anchor
member transitionable between an expanded condition and a
compressed condition, the seal anchor member including proximal and
distal ends, an intermediate portion extending between the proximal
and distal ends, and a membrane disposed about the intermediate
portion, the seal anchor member defining an internal cavity between
the membrane and the intermediate portion, the internal cavity
configured to retain a fluid therein.
21. The surgical apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the
membrane is configured to engage the tissue tract in sealing
relation when the fluid is supplied to the internal cavity.
22. The surgical apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the seal
anchor member further includes a fluid port in communication with
the internal cavity.
23. The surgical apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the fluid
port includes a valve to selectively regulate supply of the fluid
into and out of the internal cavity.
24. The surgical apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the seal
anchor member defines a longitudinal port extending through the
intermediate portion.
25. The surgical apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the
membrane is formed of a biocompatible material.
26. The surgical apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the
membrane is resilient to enable expansion and contraction
thereof.
27. The surgical apparatus according to claim 20, wherein at least
a portion of the seal anchor member is formed of at least one of a
foam material or a gel material.
28. A surgical apparatus for positioning within a tissue tract
accessing an underlying body cavity, comprising: a seal anchor
member comprising a conformable material, the seal anchor member
including proximal and distal ends, an intermediate portion
extending between the proximal and distal ends, and a membrane
surrounding an outer surface of the intermediate portion, thereby
defining an internal cavity therebetween, the internal cavity
configured to retain a fluid therein.
29. The surgical apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the seal
anchor member further includes a fluid port in communication with
the internal cavity.
30. The surgical apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the fluid
port includes a valve to selectively regulate supply of the fluid
into and out of the internal cavity.
31. The surgical apparatus according to claim 28, wherein at least
a portion of the seal anchor member is formed of at least one of a
foam material or a gel material.
32. The surgical apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the seal
anchor member defines a longitudinal port extending through the
intermediate portion.
33. The surgical apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the
membrane is formed of a biocompatible material.
34. The surgical apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the
membrane is resilient to enable expansion and contraction
thereof.
35. The surgical apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the
membrane is configured to engage the tissue tract in sealing
relation when the fluid is supplied to the internal cavity.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims the benefit of and priority
to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/075,867 filed on Jun.
26, 2008, entitled SEAL ANCHOR FOR USE IN SURGICAL PROCEDURES, and
U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/997,885 filed on Oct. 5,
2007, entitled SEAL ANCHOR FOR USE IN SINGLE INCISION SURGERY, the
entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Technical Field
[0003] The present disclosure relates to a seal for use in a
surgical procedure. More particularly, the present disclosure
relates to a seal anchor member adapted for insertion into an
incision in tissue, and, for the sealed reception of one or more
surgical objects such that a substantially fluid-tight seal is
formed with both the tissue and the surgical object, or
objects.
[0004] 2. Background of the Related Art
[0005] Today, many surgical procedures are performed through small
incisions in the skin, as compared to the larger incisions
typically required in traditional procedures, in an effort to
reduce both trauma to the patient and recovery time. Generally,
such procedures are referred to as "endoscopic", unless performed
on the patient's abdomen, in which case the procedure is referred
to as "laparoscopic". Throughout the present disclosure, the term
"minimally invasive" should be understood to encompass both
endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures.
[0006] During a typical minimally invasive procedure, surgical
objects, such as surgical access devices, e.g., trocar and cannula
assemblies, or endoscopes, are inserted into the patient's body
through the incision in tissue. In general, prior to the
introduction of the surgical object into the patient's body,
insufflation gasses are used to enlarge the area surrounding the
target surgical site to create a larger, more accessible work area.
Accordingly, the maintenance of a substantially fluid-tight seal is
desirable so as to prevent the escape of the insufflation gases and
the deflation or collapse of the enlarged surgical site.
[0007] To this end, various valves and seals are used during the
course of minimally invasive procedures and are widely known in the
art. However, a continuing need exists for a seal anchor member
that can be inserted directly into the incision in tissue and that
can accommodate a variety of surgical objects while maintaining the
integrity of an insufflated workspace.
SUMMARY
[0008] These and other features of the apparatus disclosed herein
will become more readily apparent to those skilled in the art from
the following detailed description of various embodiments of the
present disclosure. Accordingly, a surgical apparatus for
positioning within a tissue tract accessing an underlying body
cavity includes a seal anchor member comprising a compressible
material and being adapted to transition between a first expanded
condition to facilitate securing of the seal anchor member within
the tissue tract and in substantial sealed relation with tissue
surfaces defining the tissue tract and a second compressed
condition to facilitate at least partial insertion of the seal
anchor member within the tissue tract. The seal anchor member
defines a longitudinal axis, and has leading and trailing ends with
at least one longitudinal port extending therebetween.
[0009] At least one of the leading and trailing ends of the seal
anchor member exhibits an arcuate configuration, which may be
either concave or convex. In one embodiment, each of the leading
and trailing ends exhibit such an arcuate configuration to
facilitate insertion of the seal anchor member within the tissue
tract.
[0010] The at least one longitudinal port may include a plurality
of longitudinal ports which may be configured symmetrically with
respect to the longitudinal axis, spaced equidistant from the
longitudinal axis, spaced equally from one another, or any
combination thereof.
[0011] The seal anchor member may be formed of a foam material,
which may be at least partially constituted of a material selected
from the group consisting of polyisoprene, urethane, and silicone.
Alternatively, the seal anchor member may be formed of a gel
material.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described
hereinbelow with references to the drawings, wherein:
[0013] FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a surgical apparatus
in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure shown
in an expanded condition illustrating a seal anchor member
positioned relative to the tissue;
[0014] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the seal anchor member
of FIG. 1 taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1 illustrating a port that
extends longitudinally therethrough;
[0015] FIG. 3 is a view of the port of FIG. 2 with a surgical
object inserted therethrough;
[0016] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the seal anchor member of
FIG. 1 shown in a compressed condition and prior to the insertion
thereof into an incision in tissue;
[0017] FIG. 5 is a front perspective view of the seal anchor member
shown in the expanded condition and subsequent to its insertion
into the incision;
[0018] FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary
cannula for insertion within the longitudinal extending port of the
seal anchor member;
[0019] FIG. 7 is a front perspective view of an alternate
embodiment of the surgical apparatus of FIG. 1 illustrating a seal
anchor member and an inflatable fluid membrane;
[0020] FIG. 7A is a front perspective view of the fluid port of the
fluid membrane;
[0021] FIG. 7B is a front perspective view of the fluid port of
FIG. 7A with the valve in an open position; and
[0022] FIG. 8 is a front perspective view of the seal anchor member
of the surgical apparatus of in compressed condition prior to the
insertion within the incision.
[0023] FIG. 9 is a top perspective view of an alternate embodiment
of the seal anchor member of FIG. 1 having concave proximal and
distal portions;
[0024] FIG. 10 is a side view of the seal anchor member of FIG.
9;
[0025] FIG. 11 is a top view of the seal anchor member of FIG.
9;
[0026] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the seal anchor member
of FIG. 9 taken along line 12-12 of FIG. 11 illustrating a port
that extends longitudinally therethrough;
[0027] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the seal anchor member
of FIG. 9 taken along line 13-13 of FIG. 10;
[0028] FIG. 14 is a front perspective view of another embodiment of
the seal anchor member of FIG. 1 having convex proximal and distal
portions;
[0029] FIG. 15 is a top, perspective view of yet another embodiment
of the seal anchor member of FIG. 1 shown in an expanded condition
with a surgical object inserted into one of the ports extending
longitudinally therethrough;
[0030] FIG. 16 is a perspective, cross-sectional view of the seal
anchor member of FIG. 15 taken along line 16-16;
[0031] FIG. 17 is a top, perspective view of still another
embodiment of the seal anchor member of FIG. 1 shown in an expanded
condition with a surgical object inserted into one of the ports
extending longitudinally therethrough;
[0032] FIG. 18 is a perspective, cross-sectional view of the seal
anchor member of FIG. 17 taken along line 18-18;
[0033] FIG. 19 is a top view of an alternate embodiment of the seal
anchor member seen in FIG. 1 including an ingress port and an
egress port each extending longitudinally therethrough;
[0034] FIG. 20 is a side, cross-sectional view of the seal anchor
member of FIG. 19 positioned within a patient's tissue;
[0035] FIG. 21 is a side, perspective view of a tube assembly for
insertion into the ingress port of one embodiment of the seal
anchor member of FIG. 19;
[0036] FIG. 22 illustrates a first kit in accordance with the
principles of the present disclosure including the seal anchor
member of FIG. 19 and a plurality of obturators positionable within
a plurality of cannulae;
[0037] FIG. 23 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the kit of
FIG. 22;
[0038] FIG. 24 illustrates another alternate embodiment of the
surgical kit including a seal anchor member and an
insufflation/evacuation implement;
[0039] FIG. 25 is a top plan view of the seal anchor member and the
insufflation/evacuation implement of the surgical kit of FIG.
24;
[0040] FIG. 26 is a side cross-sectional view of the seal anchor
member and the insufflation/evacuation implement taken along the
lines 26-26 of FIG. 25;
[0041] FIG. 27 illustrates additional instrumentation incorporated
within the surgical kit of FIGS. 24-26; and
[0042] FIGS. 28A-28C illustrate a method of use of the surgical kit
of FIGS. 24-27.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0043] In the drawings and in the description which follows, in
which like references numerals identify similar or identical
elements, the term "proximal" will refer to the end of the
apparatus which is closest to the clinician during use, while the
term "distal" will refer to the end which is furthest from the
clinician, as is traditional and known in the art.
[0044] With reference to FIGS. 1-3, a surgical apparatus 10 for use
in a surgical procedure, e.g., a minimally invasive procedure is
illustrated. Surgical apparatus 10 includes seal anchor member 100
defining a longitudinal axis "A" and having respective trailing (or
proximal) and leading (or distal) ends 102, 104 and an intermediate
portion 106 disposed between the trailing and leading ends 102,
104. Seal anchor member 100 includes one or more ports 108 that
extend longitudinally between trailing and leading ends 102, 104,
respectively, and through seal anchor member 100.
[0045] Seal anchor member 100 is preferably formed from a suitable
foam material having sufficient compliance to form a seal about one
or more surgical objects, shown generally as surgical object "I"
(FIG. 3), and also establish a sealing relation with the tissue.
The foam is preferably sufficiently compliant to accommodate off
axis motion of the surgical object "I". In one embodiment, the foam
includes a polyisoprene material.
[0046] Proximal end 102 of seal anchor member defines a first
diameter D.sub.1 and distal end 104 defines a second diameter
D.sub.2. In one embodiment of seal anchor member 100, the
respective first and second diameters D.sub.1, D.sub.2 of the
proximal and distal ends 102, 104 are substantially equivalent, as
seen in FIG. 1, although an embodiment of seal anchor member 100 in
which diameters D.sub.1, D.sub.2 are different is also within the
scope of the present disclosure. As depicted in FIG. 1, proximal
and distal ends 102, 104 define substantially planar surfaces.
However, embodiments are also contemplated herein in which either
or both of proximal and distal ends 102, 104, respectively, define
surfaces that are substantially arcuate to assist in the insertion
of seal anchor member 100 within a tissue tract 12 defined by
tissue surfaces 14 and formed in tissue "T", e.g., an incision, as
discussed in further detail below.
[0047] Intermediate portion 106 defines a radial dimension "R" and
extends longitudinally between proximal and distal ends 102, 104,
respectively, to define an axial dimension or length "L". The
radial dimension "R" of intermediate portion 106 varies along the
axial dimension, or length, "L" thereof. Accordingly, seal anchor
member 100 defines a cross-sectional dimension that varies along
its length "L", which facilitates the anchoring of seal anchor
member 100 within tissue "T", as discussed in further detail below.
However, an embodiment of seal anchor member 100 in which the
radial dimension "R" remains substantially uniform along the axial
dimension "L" thereof is also within the scope of the present
disclosure.
[0048] The radial dimension "R" of intermediate portion 106 is
appreciably less than the respective diameters D.sub.1, D.sub.2 of
proximal and distal ends 102, 104 such that seal anchor member 100
defines an "hour-glass" shape or configuration to assist in
anchoring seal anchor member 100 within tissue "T", as discussed in
further detail below. However, in an alternate embodiment, the
radial dimension "R" of intermediate portion 106 may be
substantially equivalent to the respective diameters D.sub.1,
D.sub.2 of proximal and distal ends 102, 104. In cross section,
intermediate portion 106 may exhibit any suitable configuration,
e.g., substantially circular, oval or oblong.
[0049] Each port 108 is configured to removably receive the
surgical object "I". Prior to the insertion of surgical object "I",
port 108 is in a first state in which port 108 defines a first or
initial dimension D.sub.P1. D.sub.P1 will generally be about 0 mm
such that the escape of insufflation gas (not shown) through port
108 of seal anchor member 100 in the absence of surgical object "I"
is substantially prevented. For example, port 108 may be a slit
extending the longitudinal length of seal anchor member 100 through
proximal and distal ends 102, 104. In the alternative, port 108 may
define an opening within seal anchor member 100 having an initial
open state. Upon the introduction of surgical object "I", port 108
transitions to a second state in which port 108 defines a second,
larger dimension D.sub.P2 that substantially approximates the
diameter D.sub.I of surgical object "I" such that a substantially
fluid-tight seal is formed therewith, thereby substantially
preventing the escape of insufflation gas (not shown) through port
108 of seal anchor member 100 in the presence of surgical object
"I". D.sub.I, and thus D.sub.P2, will generally lie within the
range of about 5 mm to about 12 mm, as these dimensions are typical
of the surgical objects used during the course of minimally
invasive procedures. However, a seal anchor member 100 including a
port 108 that is capable of exhibiting substantially larger, or
smaller, dimensions in the second state thereof is not beyond the
scope of the present disclosure. In addition, seal anchor 100 may
be devoid of ports 108. With this arrangement, ports 108 are
created within seal anchor member 100 during the insertion of the
surgical object "I". In accordance with this embodiment, seal
anchor member 100 is formed of a flowable or sufficiently
compliable material such as a foam material, e.g., an open-cell
polyurethane foam, a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) or a gel. The
formation of seal anchor member 100 may involve a process whereby
an inert gas, such as CO2 or nitrogen is infused into the material
so as to form a foam structure. Seal anchor member 100 may also be
coated with lubricious coating, e.g., Parylene N or C in order to
ease insertion of instruments and/or cannulas therethrough.
[0050] Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 4, seal anchor member 100 is
adapted to transition from an expanded condition (FIG. 1) to a
compressed condition (FIG. 4) so as to facilitate the insertion and
securement thereof within tissue tract 12 in tissue "T". In the
expanded condition, seal anchor member 100 is at rest and the
respective radial dimensions D.sub.1, D.sub.2 of the proximal and
distal ends 102, 104 of seal anchor member 100, as well as the
radial dimension R of the intermediate portion 106 are such that
the seal anchor member 100 cannot be inserted within tissue tract
12. However, as seen in FIG. 4, in the compressed condition,
proximal and distal ends 102, 104 of seal anchor member 100, as
well as intermediate portion 106 are dimensioned for insertion into
tissue tract 12.
[0051] Seal anchor member 100 is formed of a biocompatible
compressible material that facilitates the resilient, reciprocal
transitioning of seal anchor member 100 between the expanded and
compressed conditions thereof. In one embodiment, the compressible
material is a "memory" foam. An external force "F" is applied to
seal anchor member 100 to cause the seal anchor member 100 to
assume the compressed condition. External force "F" is directed
inwardly and when seal anchor member 100 is subjected thereto,
e.g., when seal anchor member 100 is squeezed, seal anchor member
100 undergoes an appreciable measure of deformation, thereby
transitioning into the compressed condition.
[0052] As depicted in FIG. 4, as seal anchor member 100 is
compressed under the influence of external force "F", an internal
biasing force "F.sub.B1" is created within seal anchor member 100
that is directed outwardly, opposing force "F". Internal biasing
force "F.sub.B1" endeavors to expand seal anchor member 100 and
thereby return seal anchor member 100 to the expanded condition
thereof. Accordingly, as long as seal anchor member 100 is subject
to external force "F", seal anchor member 100 remains in the
compressed condition. Upon the removal of external force "F",
however, biasing force "F.sub.B1" acts to return seal anchor member
100 to the expanded condition.
[0053] The compressible material comprising seal anchor member 100
also facilitates the resilient transitioning of port 108 between
its first closed state (FIGS. 1-2) and its second state (FIG. 3).
As previously discussed, prior to the insertion of surgical object
"I", port 108 is in its first state in which port 108 defines a
first or initial dimension D.sub.P1. Port 108 may incorporate a
slit extending the longitudinal length of seal anchor member 100.
In this first state, port 108 is at rest and is not subject to any
external forces. However, upon the introduction of surgical object
"I" through port 108 as depicted in FIG. 3, the surgical object "I"
exerts a force "F.sub.I" upon port 108 that is directed radially
outward. Force "F.sub.I" acts to enlarge the dimensions of port 108
and thereby transition port 108 into the second state thereof in
which port 108 defines a second, larger dimension D.sub.P2 that
substantially approximates the diameter D.sub.I of surgical object
"I". Consequently, an internal biasing force "F.sub.B2" is created
that is directed radially inward, in opposition to force "F.sub.I".
Internal biasing force "F.sub.B2" endeavors to return port 108 to
reduce the internal dimension of port 108 and thereby return port
108 to the first state thereof. Internal biasing force "F.sub.B2"
is exerted upon surgical object "I" and acts to create a
substantially fluid-tight seal therewith. The significance of
forces "F.sub.B1" and "F.sub.B2" will be discussed in further
detail below.
[0054] Referring again to FIG. 1, one or more positioning members
114 may be associated with either or both of trailing (or proximal)
end 102 and distal (or leading) end 104 of seal anchor member 100.
Positioning members 114 may be composed of any suitable
biocompatible material that is at least semi-resilient such that
positioning members 114 may be resiliently deformed and may exhibit
any suitable configuration, e.g., substantially annular or oval.
Prior to the insertion of seal anchor member 100, positioning
members 114 are deformed in conjunction with the respective
proximal and distal ends 102, 104 of seal anchor member 100 to
facilitate the advancement thereof through tissue tract 12 (FIG.
4). Subsequent to the insertion of seal anchor member 100 within
tissue tract 12, the resilient nature of positioning members 114
allows positioning members to return to their normal, substantially
annular configuration, thereby aiding in the expansion of either or
both of the respective proximal and distal ends 102, 104 and
facilitating the transition of seal anchor member 100 from its
compressed condition to its expanded condition. Positioning members
114 also may engage the walls defining the body cavity to further
facilitate securement of seal anchor member 100 within the body
tissue. For example, positioning member 114 at leading end 104 may
engage the internal peritoneal wall and positioning member 114
adjacent trailing end 102 may engage the outer epidermal tissue
adjacent the incision 12 within tissue "T". In another embodiment
of seal anchor member 100, one or more additional positioning
members 114 may be associated with intermediate portion 106.
[0055] The use and function of seal anchor member 100 will be
discussed during the course of a typical minimally invasive
procedure. Initially, the peritoneal cavity (not shown) is
insufflated with a suitable biocompatible gas such as, e.g.,
CO.sub.2 gas, such that the cavity wall is raised and lifted away
from the internal organs and tissue housed therein, providing
greater access thereto. The insufflation may be performed with an
insufflation needle or similar device, as is conventional in the
art. Either prior or subsequent to insufflation, a tissue tract 12
is created in tissue "T", the dimensions of which may be varied
dependent upon the nature of the procedure.
[0056] Prior to the insertion of seal anchor member 100 within
tissue tract 12, seal anchor member 100 is in its expanded
condition in which the dimensions thereof prohibit the insertion of
seal anchor member 100 into tissue tract 12. To facilitate
insertion, the clinician transitions seal anchor member 100 into
the compressed condition by applying a force "F" thereto, e.g., by
squeezing seal anchor member 100. Force "F" acts to reduce the
radial dimensions of the proximal and distal ends 102, 104,
respectively, to D.sub.1' and D.sub.2' (FIG. 4) including
positioning members 114 (if provided) and to reduce the radial
dimension of intermediate portion 106 to R' such that seal anchor
member 100 may be inserted into tissue tract 12. As best depicted
in FIG. 5, subsequent to its insertion, distal end 104, positioning
member 114 (if provided) and at least a section 112 of intermediate
portion 106 are disposed beneath the tissue "T". Seal anchor member
100 is caused to transition from the compressed condition to the
expanded condition by removing force "F" therefrom.
[0057] During the transition from the compressed condition to the
expanded condition, the dimensions of seal anchor member 100, i.e.,
the respective radial dimensions D.sub.1', D.sub.2' (FIG. 4) of the
proximal and distal ends 102, 104 are increased to D.sub.1 and
D.sub.2 (FIG. 5) and the radial dimension R' is increased to R. The
expansion of distal end 104 is relatively uninhibited given the
disposition thereof beneath tissue "T", and accordingly, distal end
104 is permitted to expand substantially, if not completely.
However, as seen in FIG. 5, the expansion of the section 112 of the
intermediate portion 106 is limited by the tissue surfaces 14 (FIG.
1) defining tissue tract 12, thereby subjecting intermediate
portion 106 to an external force "F" that is directed inwardly. As
discussed above, this creates an internal biasing force "F.sub.B1"
that is directed outwardly and exerted upon tissue surfaces 14,
thereby creating a substantially fluid-tight seal between the seal
anchor member 100 and tissue surfaces 14 and substantially
preventing the escape of insufflation gas around seal anchor member
100 and through tissue tract 12.
[0058] In the expanded condition, the respective radial dimensions
D.sub.1, D.sub.2 of the proximal and distal ends 102, 104 are
substantially larger than the radial dimension R of the
intermediate portion 106 thereby giving seal anchor member 100 the
aforedescribed "hour-glass" configuration. Subsequent to insertion,
the radial dimension D.sub.2 of distal end 104 and positioning
member 114 is also substantially larger than the dimensions of the
tissue tract 12. Consequently, seal anchor member 100 may not be
removed from tissue tract 12 in the expanded condition and thus,
seal anchor member 100 will remain anchored within the tissue "T"
until it is returned to its compressed condition.
[0059] After successfully anchoring seal anchor member 100 within
the patient's tissue "T", one or more surgical objects "I" may be
inserted through ports 108. FIG. 5 illustrates a surgical object
"I" introduced through one of ports 108. As previously discussed,
prior to the insertion of surgical object "I", port 108 is in its
first state in which port 108 defines an initial dimension D.sub.P1
which may be negligible in that port 108, in one embodiment, is a
longitudinal slit. Accordingly, prior to the escape of insufflation
gas through port 108, in the absence of surgical object "I" is
minimal, thereby preserving the integrity of the insufflated
workspace.
[0060] Surgical object "I" may be any suitable surgical instrument
and, accordingly, may vary in size. Suitable surgical objects to be
introduced within one or more of the ports 108 include minimally
invasive grasper instruments, forceps, clip-appliers, staplers,
etc. It is further contemplated that the surgical objects may
include a conventional cannula 1000 as depicted in FIG. 6. Cannula
1000 is configured for removable insertion into port 108 and
includes respective proximal and distal ends 1002, 1004, a shaft or
elongate member 1006 disposed therebetween and seal housing 1008.
Elongate member 1006 defines an opening 1010 extending
longitudinally therethrough that is dimensioned to permit the
passage of surgical instrumentation (not shown), such as an
obturator. Disposed within seal housing 1008 is an instrument seal
1012 that is adapted to receive the surgical instrumentation
inserted into longitudinal opening 1010 so as to form a
substantially fluid-tight seal therewith. Cannula 1000 further
includes a closure valve 1014 that is biased into a closed
position, but is adapted to open upon the introduction of the
surgical instrumentation inserted into longitudinal opening 1010 to
allow the surgical instrumentation to pass therethrough. In the
closed position, i.e., in the absence of surgical instrumentation,
closure valve 1014 prevents the communication of insufflation gas
therethrough.
[0061] Upon the introduction of surgical object "I", e.g., cannula
1000, port 108 is enlarged, thereby transitioning into its second
state in which port 108 defines a second dimension D.sub.P2 (FIG.
3) that substantially approximates the diameter D.sub.I of surgical
object "I", thereby creating a substantially fluid tight seal with
surgical object "I" and substantially preventing the escape of
insufflation gas (not shown) through port 108 of seal anchor member
100 in the presence of a surgical object "I", as previously
discussed.
[0062] Referring now to FIGS. 7-8, an alternate embodiment of a
seal anchor member 200 is disclosed. Seal anchor member 200
comprises a resilient conformable material such as foam or,
alternatively, a gel. Seal anchor member 200, proximal and distal
ends 202, 204, and an intermediate portion 206 disposed
therebetween. Seal anchor member 200 further includes expandable
membrane 208 defining internal cavity 210. Membrane 208 may be,
e.g., substantially annular or donut-shaped in configuration,
although any conceivable shape may be employed, and may be secured,
attached or embedded to or within the foam or gel material of seal
anchor member 200. In one embodiment, membrane 208 surrounds foam
or gel segment 212 thereby defining the periphery of seal anchor
member 200. One or more fluid ports 214 are in communication with
internal cavity 210 of membrane 208 and one or more longitudinal
ports 216 that extend through foam segment 212 of seal anchor
member 200.
[0063] Internal cavity 210 defined by membrane 208 is configured to
retain a fluid therein. Membrane 208 may be formed of any suitable
biocompatible that is sufficiently resilient to allow the flow of
fluid into and out of internal cavity 210 to cause the expansion
and contraction thereof. In addition, the material comprising
membrane 208 is substantially impermeable with respect to the fluid
to ensure that the flow of fluid into and out of internal cavity
occurs solely through fluid port 214.
[0064] Fluid port 214 is adapted for connection to a fluid source
218. Fluid port 214 may be any member or structure suitable for
this intended purpose. Although depicted as including a single
fluid port 214, in alternate embodiments, seal anchor member 200
may include additional fluid ports, e.g., on each of proximal and
distal ends 202, 204, respectively. Fluid port 214 may also include
a valve 220 that is selectively positionable between an open
position (FIG. 7A) and a closed position (FIG. 7B) to regulate the
flow of fluid into and out of internal cavity 210 through fluid
port 214.
[0065] As with seal anchor member 100 discussed above with respect
to FIGS. 1-6, seal anchor member 200 is adapted to transition from
an expanded condition (FIG. 7) to a compressed condition (FIG. 8).
In the compressed condition (FIG. 8), seal anchor member 200 is
configured for insertion within tissue tract 12 in tissue "T", in a
similar manner, as discussed above with respect to seal anchor
member 100 (FIGS. 1-5). Seal anchor member 200 is positioned within
tissue "T" whereby foam segment 212 of the seal anchor member 200
and assumes the expanded condition. Fluid port 214 may be connected
to fluid source 216 (FIG. 7) and fluid is communicated into the
internal cavity 210 defined by membrane 208. As internal cavity 210
fills with fluid, the dimensions of internal cavity 210 and
membrane 208 are enlarged, thereby forcing the outer surface of
seal anchor member 200 outwardly and establishing a seal within the
incision "I".
[0066] With reference now to FIGS. 9-13, another embodiment of a
seal anchor member 300 is disclosed. Seal anchor member 300 extends
along a longitudinal axis "A" that passes through a centerpoint "C"
thereof. Seal anchor member 300 defines an overall axial dimension
"H" measured along the longitudinal axis "A". The overall axial
dimension "H" will generally lay substantially within the range of
approximately 25 mm to approximately 75 mm, and desirably, is
approximately equal to 50 mm. However, the present disclosure also
contemplates a seal anchor member 300 that defines either a
substantially larger or smaller overall axial dimension "H".
[0067] As with each of the previous embodiments, the material
comprising seal anchor member 300 is sufficiently compliant to
accommodate off-axis movement of the surgical object, or objects,
"I" inserted therethrough that may be necessitated during the
course of the minimally invasive surgical procedure in which seal
anchor member 300 is employed. In one embodiment, seal anchor
member 300 is formed from a suitable foam material, which may be at
least partially constituted of polyisoprene, urethane, or silicone,
or the like. Alternatively, seal anchor member 300 may be formed of
a biocompatible gel material.
[0068] As with the previous embodiments, seal anchor member 300
includes respective trailing (or proximal) and leading (or distal)
ends 302, 304, an intermediate portion 306 disposed therebetween,
and one or more ports 308 that extend longitudinally between the
respective trailing and leading ends 302, 304 and through seal
anchor member 300.
[0069] Proximal end 302 of seal anchor member 300 defines a first
radial dimension D.sub.1 and a first axial dimension H.sub.1, and
distal end 304 defines a second radial dimension D.sub.2 and a
second axial dimension H.sub.2. The present disclosure contemplates
a seal anchor member 300 having proximal and distal ends 302, 304
that define radial dimensions D.sub.1, D.sub.2 generally laying
substantially within the range of approximately 25 mm to
approximately 75 mm, and axial dimensions H.sub.1, H.sub.2
generally laying substantially within the range of approximately 6
mm to approximately 11 mm, respectively. Desirably, however, seal
anchor member 300 includes proximal and distal ends 302, 304 having
radial dimensions D.sub.1, D.sub.2 that are approximately equal to
50 mm and axial dimensions H.sub.1,H.sub.2 that are approximately
equal to 8.5 mm, respectively. A seal anchor member 300 having
proximal and distal ends 102, 104 that define substantially larger
or smaller radial and axial dimensions is also within the scope of
the present disclosure.
[0070] In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 9-13, seal anchor
member 300 includes respective proximal and distal ends 302, 304
having respective first and second radial dimensions D.sub.1,
D.sub.2 that are substantially equivalent. However, an embodiment
of seal anchor member 300 that includes respective proximal and
distal ends 302, 304 having respective first and second radial
dimensions D.sub.1, D.sub.2 that differ is also contemplated
herein.
[0071] Intermediate portion 306 of seal member 300 defines a radial
dimensions "R" generally laying substantially within the range of
approximately 20 mm to approximately 50 mm, and an axial dimension
"L" generally laying substantially within the range of
approximately 10 mm to approximately 40 mm. While it is desirable
for the radial and axial dimensions "R", "L" of intermediate
portion 306 to be approximately equal to 35 mm and 25 mm,
respectively, a seal anchor member 300 having an intermediate
portion 306 that defines substantially larger or smaller radial and
axial dimensions is not beyond the scope of the present disclosure.
The radial dimension "R" of intermediate portion 306 may be
substantially uniform or variable along the axial dimension "L"
thereof, and may be appreciably less than, greater than, or equal
to the respective radial dimensions D.sub.1, D.sub.2 of proximal
and distal ends 302, 304, as discussed above.
[0072] As with each of the previous embodiments, the port, or
ports, 308 are configured to removably receive a surgical object
"I" (not show), and prior to the insertion of surgical object "I",
each port 308 defines an initial dimension D.sub.P1. D.sub.P1 will
generally lie substantially within the range of approximately 0 mm
to approximately 13 mm, and desirably, is approximately equal to
6.5 mm. However, a seal anchor member 300 having a port 308 that
defines a substantially greater initial dimension D.sub.P1 is not
beyond the scope of the present disclosure. In those embodiments of
seal member 300 employing a port 308 that defines an initial
dimension D.sub.P1 approximately equal to 0 mm, the escape of
insufflation gas (not shown) therethrough may be substantially
prevented in the absence of surgical object "I".
[0073] Seal anchor member 300 may include a plurality of ports 308
that are symmetrically arranged with respect to the longitudinal
axis "A". It is further contemplated that each port 308 may be
spaced equidistant from the longitudinal axis "A". In one
embodiment, each port 308 is spaced a distance "D" from the
longitudinal axis "A" generally laying substantially within the
range of approximately 6 mm to approximately 11 mm, and desirably,
approximately equal to 8.5 mm. However, in alternate embodiments,
seal anchor member 300 may include ports 308 spaced either a larger
or smaller distance from the longitudinal axis "A". Ports 308 may
be arranged such that they are spaced equally from one another, or
alternatively, the distance between adjacent ports 308 may
vary.
[0074] Either or both of the respective proximal and distal ends
302, 304 of seal anchor member 300 define surfaces that are
substantially arcuate, e.g., concave, as seen in FIGS. 9-13, to
facilitate insertion of seal anchor member 300 within a tissue
tract 12 (FIG. 1) defined by tissue surfaces 14 and formed in
tissue "T", e.g., an incision, as discussed above. The concave
orientation may, e.g., assist in guiding a surgical instrument
toward one of ports 308 and also confine the tip of the instrument
within the outer boundary of the proximal end 302 of seal anchor
member 300. In the alternative, either or both of proximal and
distal ends 302, 304 may be convex as seen in FIG. 14.
[0075] Referring now to FIGS. 15-16, another embodiment of seal
anchor member 400 is disclosed. Seal anchor member 400 includes
respective proximal and distal ends 402, 404, an intermediate
portion 406 disposed between the proximal and distal ends 402, 404,
and one or more generally tubular port segments 408 defining ports
408a that extend longitudinally through seal anchor member 400 and
between the proximal and distal ends 402, 404. The seal anchor
member 400 is substantially similar to the seal anchor 100
illustrated in FIGS. 1-5, and accordingly, will only be discussed
with respect to its differences.
[0076] In one embodiment, as seen in FIGS. 15-16, seal anchor
member 400 defines corresponding proximal and distal rims 410, 412,
respectively. The proximal and distal rims 410, 412 facilitate
deformation of seal anchor member 400 from the expanded condition
(FIGS. 15-16) to the compressed condition (not shown) and the
anchoring of seal anchor member 400 within tissue, as previously
discussed with respect to the seal anchor member 100 illustrated in
FIGS. 1-5.
[0077] Tubular port segments 408 are secured to the intermediate
portion 406 by a connective member 414 such that the longitudinal
position of the port segments 408 remain substantially constant
with respect to the respective proximal and distal rims 410, 412
during insertion and removal of the surgical object "I". In the
embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 15-16, the connective member 414
extends inwardly from the intermediate portion 406 and is attached
to ports 408 at midpoints "M" thereof that are spaced equidistant
from the respective proximal and distal rims 410, 412. In various
embodiments, the connective member 414 may be composed of the same
material comprising the seal anchor member 400, or alternatively,
the connective member 414 may be composed of a material that is
substantially more rigid, to inhibit off-axis movement of the
surgical object "I" following its insertion into one of the ports
408, or substantially less rigid, to facilitate off-axis movement
of the surgical object "I".
[0078] In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 15-16, the ports 408
extend longitudinally along the longitudinal axis "A" defined by
the seal anchor member 400 such that a proximal end 416 of the
ports 408 is coplanar with the proximal rim 402 and a distal end
418 of the ports 408 is coplanar with the distal rim 404. However,
embodiments in which the proximal and distal ends 416, 418 of ports
408 extend beyond the proximal and distal rims 402, 404,
respectively, such that they extend at least partially from the
intermediate portion 406, and embodiments in which the proximal and
distal ends 416, 418 of ports 408 are defined entirely within the
intermediate portion 406 are also contemplated herein.
[0079] Referring now to FIGS. 17-18, in an alternate embodiment,
the connective member 414 extends inwardly from the distal rim 412
and is attached to ports 408 at the distal ends 418 thereof. To
further limit off-axis movement of the surgical object "I" upon
insertion, the connective member 414 may extend substantially along
the length of the ports 408, as illustrated. Either or both of the
respective proximal and distal ends 416, 418 of the ports 408 may
be beveled, e.g., to facilitate the insertion and removal of the
surgical object "I".
[0080] FIGS. 19-20 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the seal
anchor member, referred to generally by reference number 500. The
seal anchor member 500 is substantially similar to the seal anchor
member 300 discussed above with respect to FIGS. 9-14, and
accordingly, will only be discussed with respect to its differences
therefrom.
[0081] The seal anchor member 500 includes an ingress port 502 and
an egress port 504 extending longitudinally through the seal anchor
member 500. The ingress port 502 facilitates the communication of a
fluid through the seal anchor member 500 and into a surgical
worksite "W" located beneath the patient's tissue "T". In one
embodiment, the ingress port 502 is configured and dimensioned to
removably receive a tube assembly 600 (FIG. 21) to facilitate
insufflation of the surgical worksite "W". In contrast, the egress
port 504 facilitates the communication of a fluid, such as smoke,
through the seal anchor member 500 and out of the surgical worksite
"W". To substantially limit the communication of fluid into and out
of the surgical worksite "W", the ingress and egress ports 502, 504
may respectively include a one-way valve (not shown), such as a
duck-bill or zero closure valve. Alternatively, the ingress port
502 and the egress port 504 may be normally biased towards a closed
condition.
[0082] With reference now to FIGS. 22-23, kits according to the
present disclosure include a seal anchor member, one or more
cannulae, and one or more obturators together with instructions for
use "IFU". In one embodiment, a first kit 700.sub.A is disclosed
that includes the seal anchor member 500 discussed above with
respect to FIGS. 19-20, three cannulae 800.sub.A each defining an
outer diameter "D.sub.A" of 5 mm, and three obturators 900.sub.A
configured for removable insertion through the cannulae 800.sub.A.
In another embodiment, a second kit 700.sub.B is disclosed that
includes the seal anchor member 500 discussed above with respect to
FIGS. 22-23, two cannulae 800.sub.B1 each defining an outer
diameter "D.sub.B1" of 5 mm, two obturators 900.sub.B1 configured
for removable insertion through the cannulae 800.sub.B1, a single
cannula 800.sub.B2 defining an outer diameter "D.sub.B2" of 12 mm,
and a single obturator 900.sub.B2 configured for removable
insertion through the cannulae 800.sub.B2.
[0083] The kit components will typically be maintained within
sterile packaging, with individual components being packaged either
together or separately in different sterile containers. Usually,
even when packaged in separate sterile containers, all components
of the kit will be placed together within a common package. The
instructions for use "IFU" may be provided on a separate printed
sheet, such as a conventional package insert, or may be printed in
whole or in part on other portions of the packaging or the device
itself.
[0084] While the kits 700.sub.A, 700.sub.B have been described as
including the seal anchor member 500 and three cannulae with
corresponding obturators of specific dimensions, it should be
understood that kits according to the present disclosure may
alternatively include any of the seal anchor members described
herein above in combination with any desired number of cannulae and
obturators exhibiting any suitable dimensions.
[0085] FIGS. 24-26 illustrate another embodiment of the surgical
kit. Surgical kit 1000 includes seal anchor member 1100 and fluid
delivery, e.g., insufflation/evacuation instrument, 1200 which is
positionable within the seal anchor member 1100. Seal anchor member
1100 includes a plurality of passageways 1102 (e.g., four are
shown). extending through the seal anchor member 1100, Passageways
1102 may extend in general parallel relation with respect to the
longitudinal axis "k". In the alternative, passageways 1102 may be
in oblique relation with respect to the longitudinal axis "k" to
provide specific directional capability to the seal anchor member
1100. whereby an instrument may be advanced at a predetermined
angular orientation relative to the longitudinal axis "k".
Passageways 1102 may be radially spaced about the seal anchor
member 1100 relative to the longitudinal axis "k". In one aspect,
passageways 1102 are spaced a predetermined distance sufficient to
correspondingly space the instruments introduced within seal anchor
member 1100. This spacing may substantially minimize the potential
of engagement of the inserted instruments and enhance freedom of
movement above the operative area. Passageways 1102 may be
longitudinal bores defined within seal anchor member 1100.
Longitudinal bores may be open in an initial or at rest condition.
In the alternative, passageways 1102 may define slits or individual
valves, e.g. zero closure valves, which are closed in the normal
condition in the absence of an object inserted therethrough. In
this embodiment, passageways 1102 would open to permit passage of
the surgical object. In either case, upon introduction of the
surgical object or instrument, the interior surfaces defining
passageways 1102 establish a substantial fluid tight seal about the
object.
[0086] Seal anchor 1100 defines a substantially hourglass
configuration and incorporates enlarged leading and trailing flange
segments 1104, 1106 to assist in retention within the body cavity.
Leading and trailing end faces 1108, 1110 may be recessed as shown
and/or may include any number or shape so as to provide improved
compressibility of seal anchor 1100 or freedom of movement of any
instruments inserted therethrough. Seal anchor 1100 may be
fabricated from any of the aforementioned materials including foam,
gel or the like.
[0087] Insufflation/evacuation instrument 1200 is adapted for
positioning within at least one of the passageways 1102.
Insufflation/evacuation instrument 1200 may be any suitable
instrument adapted to convey fluids or introduce insufflation
gases, e.g., CO2 into the peritoneal cavity, and/or evacuate smoke
from the cavity. In the depicted embodiment, insufflation
instrument 1200 includes housing 1202 and elongated member 1204
extending from the housing 1202. Housing 1202 may be fabricated
from any suitable material and incorporates a stop cock valve 1206
to permit selective passage and interruption of fluids, e.g.,
insufflation gases or smoke therethrough. Housing 1202 includes
first and second ports or luer connectors 1208,1210 adjacent stop
cock valve 1204. First luer connector 1208 may be adapted for
connection to an insufflation source 1212 such as CO2 utilized to
insufflate the peritoneal cavity. Second luer connector 1210 may be
adapted for fluid connection to an aspiration or gas (e.g. smoke)
evacuator 1214. Stop cock valve 1206 may define opening 1216 which
is aligned with either port or luer connector 1208, 1210 through
selective rotation of the stop cock valve 1206 thereby selectively
fluidly connecting the insufflation source 1212 or the evacuator
1214. First and second luer connectors 1208, 1210 may be arranged
about axes which are substantially perpendicular to each other.
Other orientations are also envisioned.
[0088] Elongate member 1204 includes first elongate segment 1216
connected to housing 1202 and second elongate segment 1218
extending contiguously from the first elongate segment 1216. First
and second elongate segments 1216, 1218 may be in general alignment
with each other. In the alternative, first and second elongate
segments 1216, 1218 may be angulated relative to each other at a
predetermined angle. In one embodiment, first and second elongate
segments 1216, 1218 are arranged at a substantial right angle or
perpendicular with respect to each other. This arrangement may
facilitate the displacement of housing 1202 and first elongate
segment 1216 from the operative area thereby reducing the overall
profile of seal anchor member 1100 and insufflation/evacuator
instrument 1200. Elongate member 1204 defines a fluid conduit
extending through first and second elongate segments 1216, 1218 and
in communication with stop cock valve 1206. First and second
elongate segments 1216, 1218 may be releasably mounted to each
other.
[0089] Insufflation/evacuator instrument 1200 may be a separate
instrument positionable within one of passageways 1102. In the
alternative, seal anchor member 1100 and insufflation/evacuator
instrument 1100 may be pre-assembled whereby the
insufflation/evacuator instrument 1100 may be permanently connected
to the seal anchor member 1100. In one embodiment, second elongate
segment 1218 of insufflation/evacuator instrument 1200 includes
external anchors 1220a, 1220b mounted about the periphery of the
second elongate segment 1218. Anchors 1220a, 1220b may facilitate
retention of second elongate segment 1218 of
insufflation/evacuation instrument 1200 within seal anchor member
1110. Anchors 1220a, 1220b may be generally annular in
configuration or may consist of individual prongs depending
outwardly from second elongate segment 1218. Anchors 1220a, 1220b
are dimensioned to be embedded within the inner surfaces defining
the passageway 1102 accommodating insufflation/evacuation
instrument. Trailing anchor 1220a may define an enlarged dimension
adjacent its proximal end to resist pull out or retropulsion of
insufflation/evacuator instrument 1200. Leading anchor 1220b may
define an enlarged dimension adjacent its distal end to prevent
over insertion of insufflation/evacuator instrument 1200.
[0090] Referring now to FIG. 27, additional instrumentation which
may be incorporated within surgical kit 1000 is illustrated.
Surgical kit 1000 may further include first and second cannulas
1300, 1302 and first and second obturators 1304, 1306 for
respective use with the first and second cannulas 1300, 1302. First
cannula 1300 may be a 5 mm cannula adapted for reception of
instrumentation no greater than 5 mm in diameter. First obturator
1304 is positionable within first cannula 1300 to facilitate
advancement of the first cannula 1300 through one of passageways
1102 of seal anchor 1100. Second cannula 1302 may be a 12 mm
cannula adapted for reception of instrumentation no greater than 12
mm in diameter and is advanced within seal anchor 1100 with the use
of comparably dimensioned second obturator 1306. Second anchor may
incorporate a sealing mechanism such as the sealing system
disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Patent Publication No.
2007/0197972 to Racenet, the entire contents of which are hereby
incorporated herein by reference. Surgical kit 1000 may incorporate
three or more cannulas with corresponding obturators. Any
combinations of sizes of cannulas and obturators are
envisioned.
[0091] FIGS. 28A-28C disclose a method of use of surgical kit. An
incision is made in the tissue, e.g., the abdominal tissue, and
blunt dissection through the facia and peritoneum is achieved
through known methods. Leading flange and end face 1104, 1108 of
seal anchor 1100 are manipulated within the incision (FIG. 28A),
possibly, with the assistance of a surgical clamp 1400. When
appropriately positioned within incision, seal anchor 1100 snugly
engages the interior surfaces of the incision with leading and
trailing flanges 1104, 1106 adjacent the abdominal lining and outer
dermal tissue, respectively (FIG. 28B). Thereafter, any
combinations of cannulas 1300, 1302 may be introduced within
passageways 1102 of seal anchor 1100 with the use of corresponding
obturators 1304, 1306. (FIG. 28C) Upon positioning, the obturators
are removed thereby providing access through the appropriate
cannula 1300, 1302 for passage of surgical instrumentation to
perform the surgical procedure. Cannulas 1300, 1302 may be
staggered relative to seal anchor 1100 to facilitate freedom of
movement above the operative area. Removal of one cannula 1300,
1302 and replacement with another sized cannula 1300, 1302 may be
readily achieved. In the event, passageways 1102 of seal anchor
1100 are open in the initial condition (e.g., in the absence of an
instrument), the surgeon may place a finger over the passageway
upon removal of the cannula and remove the finger when introducing
the second cannula within the passageway. Insufflation and/or
evacuation may be continuously effected throughout the procedure
with the use of stock cock valve 1204.
[0092] Although the illustrative embodiments of the present
disclosure have been described herein with reference to the
accompanying drawings, the above description, disclosure, and
figures should not be construed as limiting, but merely as
exemplifications of particular embodiments. It is to be understood,
therefore, that the disclosure is not limited to those precise
embodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may
be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing
from the scope or spirit of the disclosure.
* * * * *