U.S. patent application number 14/823086 was filed with the patent office on 2015-12-03 for method and apparatus for multiple carrier utilization in wireless communications.
This patent application is currently assigned to InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc.. Invention is credited to Paul Marinier, Diana Pani, Benoit Pelletier, Fengjun Xi.
Application Number | 20150351099 14/823086 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 41718625 |
Filed Date | 2015-12-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150351099 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Marinier; Paul ; et
al. |
December 3, 2015 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MULTIPLE CARRIER UTILIZATION IN WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS
Abstract
Methods and apparatus for multiple carrier utilization in
wireless communications are disclosed. These methods include
multiple carrier activation/deactivation, multiple carrier
discontinuous transmission (DTX) and discontinuous reception (DRX)
activation/deactivation and operations, and multiple carrier
acknowledgment/negative acknowledgement feedback. The methods
include provisions for joint multiple carrier activation and
deactivation and joint DTX and DRX activation and deactivation of
multiple carriers.
Inventors: |
Marinier; Paul; (Brossard,
CA) ; Pani; Diana; (Montreal, CA) ; Pelletier;
Benoit; (Roxboro, CA) ; Xi; Fengjun; (San
Diego, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc. |
Wilmington |
DE |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
InterDigital Patent Holdings,
Inc.
Wilmington
DE
|
Family ID: |
41718625 |
Appl. No.: |
14/823086 |
Filed: |
August 11, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13774332 |
Feb 22, 2013 |
9136990 |
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14823086 |
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12622793 |
Nov 20, 2009 |
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13774332 |
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61116887 |
Nov 21, 2008 |
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61141470 |
Dec 30, 2008 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
370/329 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L 5/0098 20130101;
H04B 17/382 20150115; H04L 5/00 20130101; H04W 72/042 20130101;
H04W 76/34 20180201; H04W 72/04 20130101; H04W 76/15 20180201; H04W
76/28 20180201; H04L 1/1861 20130101; H04W 72/0453 20130101; H04L
5/001 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04W 72/04 20060101
H04W072/04; H04B 17/382 20060101 H04B017/382 |
Claims
1. A method for activating/deactivating multiple secondary
carriers, the method comprising: sending an order comprising a
combination of three order type bits and a combination of three
order bits, wherein the combination of three order type bits and
the combination of three order bits provide activation/deactivation
information relating to a plurality of secondary carriers; and
receiving channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback, wherein the CQI
feedback comprises CQI feedback for an activated secondary carrier
and does not include CQI feedback for a deactivated secondary
carrier.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the combination of three order
type bits is compatible with a two carrier configuration and a four
carrier configuration.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of secondary
carriers includes three secondary downlink carriers.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of secondary
carriers includes at least three secondary downlink carriers and at
least one secondary uplink carrier.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein if the order comprises more than
three order bits or more than three order type bits, the additional
bits are repurposed from a transport block size information
field.
6. A base station comprising: a processor configured to: send an
order comprising a combination of three order type bits and a
combination of three order bits, wherein the combination of three
order type bits and the combination of three order bits provide
activation/deactivation information relating to a plurality of
secondary carriers; and receive channel quality indicator (CQI)
feedback, wherein the CQI feedback comprises CQI feedback for an
activated secondary carrier and does not include CQI feedback for a
deactivated secondary carrier.
7. The base station of claim 6, wherein the combination of three
order type bits is compatible with a two carrier configuration and
a four carrier configuration.
8. The base station of claim 6, wherein the plurality of secondary
carriers includes three secondary downlink carriers.
9. The base station of claim 6, wherein the plurality of secondary
carriers includes at least three secondary downlink carriers and at
least one secondary uplink carrier.
10. The base station of claim 6, wherein if the order comprises
more than three order bits or more than three order type bits, the
additional bits are repurposed from a transport block size
information field.
11. A method for activating/deactivating multiple secondary
carriers, the method comprising: receiving an order comprising a
combination of order type bits and a combination of order bits,
wherein the combination of order type bits and the combination of
order bits provide activation/deactivation information relating to
a plurality of secondary carriers; determining from the order one
of the following: at least one secondary carrier to activate and at
least one secondary carrier to deactivate, a plurality of secondary
carriers to activate, or a plurality of secondary carriers to
deactivate; and performing activation/deactivation based on the
determination.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the combination of order type
bits is compatible with a two carrier configuration and a four
carrier configuration.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of secondary
carriers comprises three secondary downlink carriers.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein if the order comprises more
than three order bits or more than three order type bits, the
additional bits are repurposed from a transport block size
information field.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein activation/deactivation is
performed on the plurality of secondary carriers based on the
determination.
16. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising: a processor
configured to: receive an order comprising a combination of order
type bits and a combination of order bits, wherein the combination
of order type bits and the combination of order bits provide
activation/deactivation information relating to a plurality of
secondary carriers; determine from the order one of the following:
at least one secondary carrier to activate and at least one
secondary carrier to deactivate, a plurality of secondary carriers
to activate, or a plurality of secondary carriers to deactivate;
and perform activation/deactivation based on the determination.
17. The WTRU of claim 16, wherein the combination of order type
bits is compatible with a two carrier configuration and a four
carrier configuration.
18. The WTRU of claim 16, wherein the plurality of secondary
carriers includes three secondary downlink carriers.
19. The WTRU of claim 16, wherein if the order comprises more than
three order bits or more than three order type bits, the additional
bits are repurposed from a transport block size information
field.
20. The WTRU of claim 16, wherein the processor further configured
to perform activation/deactivation on the plurality of secondary
carriers based on the determination.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/774,332 filed Feb. 22, 2013, which is a
continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/622,793 filed
Nov. 20, 2009; which claims benefit of U.S. provisional application
Nos. 61/116,887 filed Nov. 21, 2008 and 61/141,470 filed Dec. 30,
2008, which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth
herein.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] This application is related to wireless communications.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems keep evolving to meet the
needs for providing continuous and faster access to data networks.
This evolution is driven by the desire for mobile users to be
connected from anywhere at anytime to other users or information
networks, for business, leisure or other purposes. In order to meet
these needs, wireless communication systems may use multiple
carriers for the transmission of data. A wireless communication
system that uses multiple carriers for the transmission of data may
be referred to as multi-carrier system. The use of multiple
carriers is expanding in both cellular and non-cellular wireless
systems. A multi-carrier system may increase the bandwidth
available in a wireless communication system according to a
multiple of how many carriers are made available. For instance,
dual carriers systems may double the bandwidth as a single carrier
system and tri-carrier systems may triple the bandwidth as a single
carrier system, etc. In addition to this throughput gain, diversity
and joint scheduling gains may also be expected. This may result in
improving the quality of service (QoS) for end users. Further, the
use of multiple carriers may be used in combination with
multiple-output (MIMO).
[0004] By way of example, in the context of Third Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) systems, a new feature called dual cell
high speed downlink packet access (DC-HSDPA) has been introduced in
Release 8 of the 3GPP specifications. In DC-HSDPA, the same
geographical area is covered by up to two HSDPA, possibly adjacent,
carriers in the same band. The use of frequency diversity between
carriers in the same band in a DC-HSDPA system improves system
performance. With DC-HSDPA, a base station (which may also be
referred to as a Node-B, an access point, site controller, etc. in
other variations or types of communications networks) communicates
to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) over two downlink
carriers simultaneously. This not only doubles the bandwidth and
the peak data rate available to WTRUs, but also has a potential to
increase the network efficiency by means of fast scheduling and
fast channel feedback over two carriers.
SUMMARY
[0005] Methods and an apparatus for multiple carrier utilization in
wireless communications are disclosed. These methods include
multiple carrier activation/deactivation, multiple carrier
discontinuous transmission (DTX) and discontinuous reception (DRX)
activation/deactivation and operations, and multiple carrier
acknowledgment/negative acknowledgement feedback. The methods
include provisions for joint multiple carrier activation and
deactivation and joint DTX and DRX activation and deactivation for
multiple carriers. A method for activating/deactivating multiple
carriers includes receiving an activation/deactivation message,
where the activation/deactivation message includes
activation/deactivation command information and carrier
information. At least one carrier from the multiple carriers is
determined from the activation/deactivation message and is acted
upon with respect to the activation/deactivation message.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] A more detailed understanding may be had from the following
description, given by way of example in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings wherein:
[0007] FIG. 1 shows an example wireless communication system
wherein uplink transmissions are handled using multiple uplink
carriers;
[0008] FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of an example wireless
transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and an example Node-B of the wireless
communication system of FIG. 1;
[0009] FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating two uplink
carriers and two downlink carriers;
[0010] FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram illustrating two
channels being carried in a single downlink carrier;
[0011] FIG. 5 is an example realization of sequential
activation/deactivation of carriers using high-speed shared control
channel (HS-SCCH) orders;
[0012] FIG. 6 shows an example embodiment of transmitting
acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information
using a superposition of modulated signatures;
[0013] FIG. 7 is an embodiment of a wireless communication
system/access network of long term evolution (LTE); and
[0014] FIG. 8 are example block diagrams of a WTRU and a Node-B of
the LTE wireless communication system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] When referred to hereafter, the terminology "wireless
transmit/receive unit (WTRU)" includes but is not limited to a user
equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber
unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant
(PDA), a computer, or any other type of device capable of operating
in a wireless environment. When referred to hereafter, the
terminology"Node-B" includes but is not limited to a base station,
a site controller, an access point (AP), or any other type of
interfacing device capable of operating in a wireless
environment.
[0016] In general, the network may assign at least one downlink
(DL) and/or at least one uplink (UL) carrier as an anchor downlink
carrier and an anchor uplink carrier, respectively. In
multi-carrier operation, a WTRU may be configured to operate with
two or more carriers or also referred to as frequencies. Each of
these carriers may have distinct characteristics and logical
associations with the network and the WTRU, and the operating
frequencies may be grouped and referred to as anchor or primary
carrier and supplementary or secondary carrier. If more than two
carriers are configured, the WTRU may contain more than one primary
carrier and/or more than one secondary carrier(s). For example, the
anchor carrier may be defined as the carrier for carrying a
specific set of control information for downlink/uplink
transmissions. Any carrier that is not assigned as an anchor
carrier may be a supplementary carrier. Alternatively, the network
may not assign an anchor carrier and no priority, preference, or
default status may be given to any downlink or uplink carriers.
Hereinafter, the terms "anchor carrier", "primary carrier", "uplink
carrier 1", "first carrier", "first uplink carrier" and "primary
uplink frequency", are used interchangeably herein for convenience.
Similarly, the terms "supplementary carrier", "secondary carrier",
"uplink carrier 2", "second carrier", "second uplink carrier" and
"secondary uplink frequency" are also used interchangeably
herein.
[0017] As part of dual cell high speed packet access (DC-HSPA),
which also includes dual cell high speed downlink packet access
(DC-HSDPA) and high speed uplink packet access (DC_HSUPA), the
following definitions/terminology/assumptions have been introduced
and may be used throughout this disclosure without limiting the
scope of the disclosure. First, a sector is one or more cells
belonging to the same base station and covering the same
geographical area. Second, the two carriers have the same time
reference and their downlinks are synchronized. Next, the
terminology "anchor carrier" refers to the downlink frequency
carrier associated with an uplink frequency carrier assigned to the
WTRU, and the terminology "supplementary carrier" refers to the
downlink frequency carrier which is not the anchor carrier. The
uplink "anchor" carrier refers to the uplink carrier associated
with the downlink anchor carrier either via explicit configuration
or by implicit association via the specific uplink/downlink carrier
spacing.
[0018] In some embodiments, multiple uplink and downlink carriers
may be configured for the WTRU. The multiple carriers may or may
not be adjacent and may or may not be on the same frequency or
radio band and/or range of frequencies. In one embodiment, the
multiple carriers may include, but are not limited to, any of the
following: four downlink carriers adjacent in the same band with
one or two uplink carriers in the same band; two pairs of two
adjacent downlink carriers over two different bands and two uplink
carriers in the respective bands; or three adjacent downlink
carriers in the same band with one or two (adjacent) uplink
carriers also in the same band.
[0019] The term downlink "anchor" carrier may refer to the downlink
carrier carrying downlink control channels such as, but not limited
to, a fractional dedicated physical channel (F-DPCH), an
enhanced-absolute grant channel (E-AGCH) and others. Other physical
channels such as the common pilot channel (CPICH), high-speed
shared control channel (HS-SCCH) and high-speed physical downlink
shared channel (HS-PDSCH) may be read from any downlink carrier,
such as the supplementary or secondary carriers. When more than one
downlink carrier carries downlink control channels associated with
one or more uplink carriers, the downlink "anchor" carrier may
refer to a downlink carrier configured with an "anchor" carrier
attribute. Alternatively, the term downlink "anchor" carrier may
refer to the downlink carrier on which a serving HS-DSCH cell is
transmitted. Optionally, if a single downlink carrier is configured
for the WTRU, then it is the primary downlink carrier.
[0020] The following notation may be used throughout. The terms DLn
and ULn may respectively refer to the n.sup.th secondary serving
high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) cell (secondary DL
carrier) and the n.sup.th secondary serving enhanced dedicated
channel (E-DCH) cell (secondary UL carrier) for n>0. The terms
DL0 and UL0 may respectively refer to the primary serving HS-DSCH
cell (primary DL carrier) and the primary serving E-DCH cell
(primary UL carrier).
[0021] In some embodiments, UL carriers may be paired with DL
carriers. DL carriers, on the other hand, may be unpaired (i.e.,
the number of configured DL carriers may be greater or equal to the
number of configured UL carriers). In the case where a DL carrier
is paired with an UL carrier, the UL/DL carrier pair may require
three different orders to cover transitions between three possible
states of the carrier pair, where state 1 may mean both the UL and
DL carriers are activated, state 2 may mean both the UL and DL
carriers are deactivated and state 3 may mean the DL carrier is
activated and UL carrier is deactivated.
[0022] In alternative embodiments, a UL carrier may not be
activated if the associated DL carrier is deactivated.
[0023] In the case where a DL carrier is not paired (i.e., a DL
carrier does not have an associated UL carrier), two different
orders are required to cover transitions between the two possible
states, where state 1 may mean the DL carrier is activated and
state 2 may mean the DL carrier is deactivated.
[0024] The embodiments disclosed herein may be used individually or
in any combination. Further, the embodiments disclosed herein may
be used in combination with the embodiments described in U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 12/610,284 entitled "METHOD AND
APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING MULTIPLE CARRIERS IN HIGH SPEED PACKET
ACCESS COMMUNICATIONS" to Marinier et al, and incorporated by
reference herein.
[0025] FIG. 1 shows an example wireless communications system 100
according to an example embodiment where uplink transmissions are
handled using multiple carriers 160 and downlink transmissions are
handled using multiple carriers 170. The wireless communication
system 100 includes a plurality of WTRUs 110, a Node-B 120, a
controlling radio network controller (CRNC) 130, a serving radio
network controller (SRNC) 140, and a core network 150. The Node-B
120, the CRNC 130 and the SRNC 140 may collectively be referred to
as the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 180.
[0026] As shown in FIG. 1, the WTRUs 110 are in communication with
the Node-B 120, which is in communication with the CRNC 130 and the
SRNC 140. Although three WTRUs 110, one Node-B 120, one CRNC 130,
and one SRNC 140 are shown in FIG. 1, it should be noted that any
combination of wireless and wired devices may be included in the
wireless communication system 100.
[0027] FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of the WTRU 210 and
the Node-B 220 of the wireless communication system 100 of FIG. 1.
As shown in FIG. 2, the WTRU 210 is in communication with the
Node-B 220 and both are configured to perform a method wherein
uplink transmissions from the WTRU 210 are transmitted to the
Node-B 220 using multiple uplink carriers 260, and downlink
transmissions from the Node-B 220 are transmitted to the WTRU 210
using multiple downlink carriers 270.
[0028] The WTRU 210 includes a processor 215, a receiver 216, a
transmitter 217, a memory 218, an antenna 219, and other components
(not shown) that may be found in a typical WTRU. The antenna 219
may include a plurality of antenna elements or plurality of
antennas that may also be included in the WTRU 210. The memory 218
is provided to store software including operating system,
application, etc. The processor 215 is provided to perform, alone
or in association with software and/or any one or more of the
components, a method of performing multiple carrier operations. The
receiver 216 and the transmitter 217 are in communication with the
processor 215. The receiver 216 and the transmitter 217 are capable
of receiving and transmitting one or more carriers simultaneously.
Alternatively, multiple receivers and/or multiple transmitters may
be included in the WTRU 210. The antenna 219 is in communication
with both the receiver 216 and the transmitter 217 to facilitate
the transmission and reception of wireless data in a multiple
carrier scenario.
[0029] The Node-B 220 includes a processor 225, a receiver 226, a
transmitter 227, a memory 228, an antenna 229, and other components
(not shown) that may be found in a typical base station or Node-B.
The antenna 229 may include a plurality of antenna elements or
plurality of antennas that may also be included in the Node-B 220.
The memory 228 is provided to store software including operating
system, application, etc. The processor 225 is provided to perform,
alone or in association with software and/or any one or more of the
components, a method of performing multiple carrier operations. The
receiver 226 and the transmitter 227 are in communication with the
processor 225. The receiver 226 and the transmitter 227 are capable
of receiving and transmitting one or more carriers simultaneously.
Alternatively, multiple receivers and/or multiple transmitters may
be included in the Node-B 220. The antenna 229 is in communication
with both the receiver 226 and the transmitter 227 to facilitate
the transmission and reception of wireless data.
[0030] Embodiments disclosed herein provide several approaches for
performing multi-carrier activation and deactivation, for
performing multi-carrier discontinuous reception (DRX) and
discontinuous transmission (DTX) activation and deactivation, for
performing multi-carrier DRX and DTX operations, and for
implementing acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement feedback for
multiple carriers. It is noted that although certain embodiments
may be disclosed herein in terms of downlink (uplink) or DRX(DTX)
scenarios, it should be understood that the embodiments disclosed
herein are applicable to the uplink (downlink) or DTX(DRX)
scenarios.
[0031] It is also noted that although the embodiments disclosed
herein are described with reference to channels associated with
3GPP Releases 4 through 7, the embodiments are also applicable to
further 3GPP releases (and the channels used therein) such as LTE
Release 8, LTE-Advanced and any other type of wireless
communication system (and the channels used therein). It should
also be noted that the embodiments described herein may be
applicable in any order or in any combination.
[0032] Embodiments to dynamically activate and deactivate
supplementary carriers are disclosed. More particularly FIGS. 3 and
4 show embodiments for performing multi-carrier operations. The
channels used in FIGS. 3 and 4 show the use of specific channels
but it is noted that any channel may be carried in the carriers.
Referring now to FIG. 3, in an illustrative wireless communications
system, where different carriers cover different geographical
areas, a WTRU may be in an area covered by some of its configured
HSDPA carriers but not others. For example in FIG. 3, a Node-B 300
and WTRU 305 may have communications coverage via downlink carrier
1 310 and uplink carrier 1 315 but not via downlink carrier 2 320
and uplink carrier 2 325. It may be noted that the embodiments
disclosed herein may apply to any multi-carrier system, regardless
of the number of radios included in the receiver/transmitter or
transceiver.
[0033] Disclosed is an embodiment where the UTRAN may be configured
to use HS-SCCH orders to control the activation and deactivation of
supplementary carriers. Referring to FIG. 4, the HS-SCCH order may
be a CH.sub.1 420 carried by a downlink carrier 1 410 from a Node-B
400 to a WTRU 405. In a first example, the HS-SCCH orders control
the activation and deactivation of the supplementary carriers on an
individual basis. This HS-SCCH order may be configured to carry an
indication of which carrier should be activated and deactivated
following the order. In an alternative example, the HS-SCCH order
may be reserved for the activation and deactivation of all
supplementary carriers simultaneously.
[0034] The signaling of an HS-SCCH order may be performed using
order type bits that are labeled x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2,
x.sub.odt,3 and order bits that are labeled x.sub.ord,1,
x.sub.ord,2, x.sub.ord,3.
[0035] In a first embodiment, the order type indicates an
activation/deactivation order while the order bit indicates the
carriers to which the order applies. For example, if the order type
x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3=`010`, then the order is an
activation order for the supplementary carrier index indicated by
x.sub.ord,1, x.sub.ord,2, x.sub.ord,3. If order type x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3=`011`, then the order is a deactivation
order for the supplementary carrier index indicated by x.sub.ord,1,
x.sub.ord,2, x.sub.ord,3. The other supplementary carriers (not
indexed by x.sub.ord,1, x.sub.ord,2, x.sub.ord,3) are not affected
by the order. This approach allows the signaling of up to 8
supplementary carriers, but requires two order types. For
illustrative purposes only, if an order type x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3=`010` and order bits x.sub.ord,1,
x.sub.ord,2, x.sub.ord,3=`111` was received, then the supplementary
carrier associated with supplementary carrier index 7 may be
activated. Alternatively, if the order type x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3=010', then the order is a deactivation
order for the supplementary carrier index indicated by x.sub.ord,1,
x.sub.ord,2, x.sub.ord,3. If order type x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2,
x.sub.odt,3=`011`, then the order is an activation order for the
supplementary carrier index indicated by x.sub.ord,1, x.sub.ord,2,
x.sub.ord,3.
[0036] In a second embodiment, dynamic switching or
activation/deactivation is executed if the order type x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3=`010`. The order bits are then examined to
determine the proper action and supplementary carrier. If the order
bit x.sub.ord,1=1, then supplementary carrier 1 is activated and if
the order bit x.sub.ord,1=10, then supplementary carrier 1 is
deactivated. If the order bit x.sub.ord,2=1, then supplementary
carrier 2 is activated and if the order bit x.sub.ord,2=0, then the
supplementary carrier 2 is deactivated. If the order bit
x.sub.ord,3=1, then supplementary carrier 3 is activated and if the
order bit x.sub.ord,3=0, then supplementary carrier 3 is
deactivated. This embodiment uses a single order type and may
activate and deactivate up to three supplementary carriers
simultaneously.
[0037] In another embodiment, the UTRAN transmits an explicit
signal for activation or deactivation of a group of carriers
simultaneously. For example, a group of carriers may be comprised
using any one or a combination of the following methods. In one
grouping method, the group may comprise of all supplementary
carriers in a given frequency band (for the uplink, downlink or
both) where the association between the frequency band and the
explicit message may be pre-configured or implicit based on the
frequency band over which the explicit message is transmitted. In
another grouping method, the group may comprise of all
supplementary carriers (uplink, downlink or both). In yet another
grouping method, the group may comprise of all downlink
supplementary carriers associated with a given downlink anchor
carrier (whether in the same frequency band or not). In still
another grouping method, the group may comprise of all the carriers
(uplink, downlink or both) in a particular frequency band (i.e.,
deactivate or activate reception of the specified frequency band).
In another grouping method, the group may comprise of all
non-anchor carriers in the downlink, uplink or both. In another
grouping method, the group may comprise of all of the carriers that
are part of a group of carriers, where the group of carriers is a
pre-defined list of downlink and/or uplink carriers and the list of
downlink and/or uplink carriers within a group may be
pre-configured through radio resource controller (RRC) signaling
upon radio bearer establishment/reconfiguration or pre-configured
at the WTRU. In another grouping method, the group may consist of
all of the carriers that are part of a group of carriers, where the
group of downlink carriers may be defined as all of those carriers
for which the WTRU is allocated the same radio network temporary
identifier, such as, but not limited to, a high-speed downlink
shared channel (HS-DSCH)-RNTI (H-RNTI). The example grouping
methods disclosed herein are applicable for all embodiments
described herein.
[0038] Explicit signaling embodiments are disclosed in general and
explained in further detail below. In one embodiment, the explicit
signal for activation or deactivation of a group of carriers
simultaneously may comprise of a new high speed shared control
channel (HS-SCCH) order that is different than an existing order
for activation and deactivation of a secondary serving HS-DSCH
cell. In another embodiment, the explicit signal may be an existing
order for activation and deactivation of secondary serving HS-DSCH
cell that is re-interpreted for example when the WTRU is configured
for multi-carrier operations to indicate not only activation and
deactivation of the secondary serving HS-DSCH cell but of a group
of carriers, for example, all supplementary serving HS-DSCH cell
carriers. This example order may apply to carriers that are
considered "supplementary" in their respective band. For example,
the activation/deactivation command may not apply to downlink (DL)
carriers that are anchor in a given band.
[0039] In another embodiment, the explicit signal may be a L2 or L3
explicit message for activation or deactivation of a group of
carriers simultaneously.
[0040] For the explicit embodiments disclosed herein, the explicit
message may apply to carriers in the band over which it was
transmitted.
[0041] For the explicit embodiments disclosed herein, the explicit
message may apply to supplementary carriers that are associated
with the same anchor carrier.
[0042] Details for a variety of methods for activation/deactivation
of the secondary carriers implemented on a per-carrier or
individual or per-paired-carrier (which may be pre-defined or
pre-specified or pre-configured) basis are described below.
Multiple HS-SCCH orders may be used to simultaneously
activate/deactivate multiple carriers.
[0043] In one embodiment, existing order types used for indicating
the activation/deactivation of the secondary carriers are reused in
combination with various order mapping methods to provide an
activation/deactivation order and to indicate targeted carrier (or
targeted paired-carrier) for which the activation/deactivation
order is applicable. For DC-HSPA, for the existing order type
x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3=`001`, three bit orders
(x.sub.ord,1, x.sub.ord,2, x.sub.ord,3) are used for activation and
deactivation of both UL and DL of a first secondary carrier. In
this embodiment, various order mapping methods are used in
combination with reusing the existing order type (x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3)=`001` to individually activate/deactivate
the targeted secondary carriers for MC-HSPA where there are
multiple secondary carriers.
[0044] In a first method, a single UL carrier is configured. When a
single UL carrier is configured, three bit orders may fully support
the activation/deactivation of secondary carriers in MC-HSDPA
system with up to four DL carriers. One binary order bit may be
used to indicate activation or deactivation of each secondary DL
carrier, (order bit `1` and `0` may respectively indicate
activation and deactivation or deactivation and activation), and
the rest of the order bits may indicate the index of the targeted
secondary DL carrier to which the order applies, so the individual
activation/deactivation of three secondary DL carriers may only
need three order bits. This method may be applied to MC-HSDPA
system with up to K DL carriers. The individual
activation/deactivation of (K-1) secondary DL carriers may need N
order bits, where N is the integer number such that
N.gtoreq.[1+log.sub.2(K-1)]. The mapping between the order bits and
carriers may be indicated in any order. In one example, different
HS-SCCH orders may be sent individually to activate and deactivate
each downlink carrier as shown by way of example in Table 1, which
represents the HS-SCCH order for activation/deactivation of the
secondary carriers in MC-HSDPA with four DL carriers configured. It
should be understood that the actual command-to-bit mapping may
take a different forms than those shown in Table 1. It should also
be understood that this concept also applies when there are less
than four DL carriers. In this case, the order associated with
activation and deactivation for un-configured carriers is changed
to "reserved". This may apply to all embodiments discussed herein.
The actual command-to-bit mappings shown below may be applied on a
per-carrier or per-group basis.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 4 DL + 1 UL Order Type Order (x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3) x.sub.ord,1 x.sub.ord,2 x.sub.ord,3
Description of Command 001 0 0 0 Deactivation of DL1 0 0 1
Activation of DL1 0 1 0 Deactivation of DL2 0 1 1 Activation of DL2
1 0 0 Deactivation of DL3 1 0 1 Activation of DL3 1 1 0 Reserved 1
1 1 Reserved
[0045] In a second method, multiple UL carriers are configured. The
following set of embodiments may be for the case where two UL
carriers are configured, and where the existing three bits,
x.sub.ord,1, x.sub.ord,2, x.sub.ord,3, may be reinterpreted to
achieve supplementary carrier activation/deactivation. Note that
the embodiments may also be used when a single UL carrier is
configured.
[0046] One example embodiment is shown below in Table 2, where each
HS-SCCH order may activate/deactivate a single DL carrier or a
paired DI/UL carrier which may be indicated by one order bit, and
the rest of the order bits may indicate the activation/deactivation
order for the targeted carrier or the targeted paired carriers. If
x.sub.ord,1=0, the order is an activation/deactivation order for
the paired DL1/UL1 carriers. If x.sub.ord,1=1, the order is an
activation/deactivation order for a single DL carrier (i.e., DL2 or
DL3). In other words, in order to activate or deactivate multiple
downlink carriers, multiple HS-SCCH orders may be sent by the
Node-B. It should be understood that the actual command-to-bit
mapping may take a different form than that shown in Table 2, where
example HS-SCCH orders are shown for activation/deactivation of the
secondary carriers in MC-HSPA.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 4 DL + 2 UL Order Type Order (x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3) x.sub.ord,1 x.sub.ord,2 x.sub.ord,3
Description of Command 001 0 0 0 Deactivation of DL1, Deactivation
of UL1 0 0 1 Activation of DL1, Deactivation of UL1 0 1 0 Reserved
0 1 1 Activation of DL1, Activation of UL1 1 0 0 Deactivate DL2 1 0
1 Activate DL2 1 1 0 Deactivate DL3 1 1 1 Activate DL3
[0047] In another example embodiment pre-specified downlink
carriers, for example, DL2 and DL3, may be simultaneously activated
or deactivated using a single HS-SCCH order, as show in Table 3. In
this example, the x.sub.ord,2 bit is used to indicate activation or
deactivation of DL2, whereas the x.sub.ord,3 bit is used to
indicate activation or deactivation of DL3. It should be understood
that the actual command-to-bit mapping may take a different form
than that shown in Table 3, which shows an example HS-SCCH order
for activation/deactivation of the secondary carriers in
MC-HSPA.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 4 DL + 2 UL Order Type Order (x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3) x.sub.ord,1 x.sub.ord,2 x.sub.ord,3
Description of Command 001 0 0 0 Deactivation of DL1, Deactivation
of UL1 0 0 1 Activation of DL1, Deactivation of UL1 0 1 0 Reserved
0 1 1 Activation of DL1, Activation of UL1 1 0 0 Deactivate DL2,
Deactivate DL3 1 0 1 Deactivate DL2, Activate DL3 1 1 0 Activate
DL2, Deactivate DL3 1 1 1 Activate DL2, Activate DL3
[0048] Another set of embodiments may be used where as many as four
carriers are configured in the UL. Note that the embodiments may
also be applied when a single UL carrier is configured.
[0049] As part of one embodiment, activation/deactivation of the
second and third secondary carrier pairs, i.e. DL2/UL2 and DL3/UL3,
may be signaled together. By way of example, HS-SCCH orders "111",
"101" and "100" may be used to activate/deactivate UL and DL of
second and third secondary carriers simultaneously. One example
implementation is shown in Table 4, which shows an example HS-SCCH
order for activation/deactivation of the secondary carriers in
MC-HSPA. In this embodiment, if x.sub.ord,1=0, Release 9 DC-HSUPA
order mapping may be applied to the first secondary carrier. If
x.sub.ord,1=1, Release 9 DC-HSUPA order mapping may be applied to
the second and third secondary carriers together. This embodiment
may be applied to the other two combinations, where the first and
second secondary carriers are signaled together, or where the first
and third secondary carriers are signaled together, without
considering the backwards capability to Release 9 DC-HSUPA.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 4 DL + 4 UL Order Type Order (x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3) x.sub.ord,1 x.sub.ord,2 x.sub.ord,3
Description of Command 001 0 0 0 Deactivation of DL1, Deactivation
of UL1 0 0 1 Activation of DL1, Deactivation of UL1 0 1 0 Reserved
0 1 1 Activation of DL1, Activation of UL1 1 0 0 Deactivation of
DL2/DL3, Deactivation of UL2/UL3 1 0 1 Activation of DL2/DL3,
Deactivation of UL2/UL3 1 1 0 Reserved 1 1 1 Activation of DL2/DL3,
Activation of UL2/UL3
[0050] In an alternate embodiment for 4 DL and 4 UL carrier
activation/deactivation, UL/DL carrier pairs are
activated/deactivated together for the second and third secondary
carriers using a single activate/deactivate command for both UL and
DL second carrier and/or a single activate/deactivate command for
both the UL and DL third carriers.
[0051] In one embodiment, the HS-SCCH number that may be used to
send the order implicitly indicates which carrier or group of
carriers is targeted. In one illustrative implementation, if
(HS-SCCH number) mod 2=0, then the HS-SCCH order is targeted for
first secondary carrier only: 011 means activation of both first
secondary UL and DL; 001 means activation of first secondary DL and
deactivation of secondary UL; and 000 means deactivation of both
first secondary UL and DL. If (HS-SCCH number) mod 2=1, then the
HS-SCCH order is targeted for second and third carriers-011 means
activation of both second secondary UL and DL; 001 means activation
of second secondary DL and deactivation of secondary UL; 000 means
deactivation of both second secondary UL and DL; 111 means
activation of both third secondary UL and DL; 101 means activation
of third secondary DL and deactivation of secondary UL: and 100
means deactivation of both third secondary UL and DL.
[0052] Alternatively, if (HS-SCCH number) mod 2=0, then the HS-SCCH
order may be targeted for second secondary carrier. If (HS-SCCH
number) mod 2=1, then the HS-SCCH order may be targeted for first
and third carriers. In another variation, if (HS-SCCH number) mod
2=0, then the HS-SCCH order may be targeted for third secondary
carrier. If (HS-SCCH number) mod 2=1, then the HS-SCCH order may be
targeted for first and second carriers. The orders are accordingly
applied to these targeted carriers as shown in the example
above.
[0053] In another example embodiment, if (HS-SCCH number) mod 2=0,
then the HS-SCCH order may be targeted for first and second
secondary carrier: 011 means activation of both first secondary UL
and DL; 001 means activation of first secondary DL and deactivation
of secondary UL; 000 means deactivation of both first secondary UL
and DL; 111 means activation of both second secondary UL and DL;
101 means activation of second secondary DL and deactivation of
secondary UL; and 100 means deactivation of both second secondary
UL and DL. If (HS-SCCH number) mod 2=1, then the HS-SCCH order may
be targeted for third secondary carrier--011 means activation of
both third secondary UL and DL; 001 means activation of third
secondary DL and deactivation of secondary UL; and 000 means
deactivation of both third secondary UL and DL.
[0054] In another embodiment, if (HS-SCCH number) mod 2=0, then the
HS-SCCH order may be targeted for the second and third secondary
carrier. If (HS-SCCH number) mod 2=1, then the HS-SCCH order may be
targeted for first carriers. Alternatively, if (HS-SCCH number) mod
2=0, then the HS-SCCH order may be targeted for first and third
secondary carrier. If (HS-SCCH number) mod 2=1, then the HS-SCCH
order may be targeted for second carriers. The orders are
accordingly applied to these targeted carriers as shown in the
example above.
[0055] In another illustrative embodiment, if (HS-SCCH number) mod
2=0, then the HS-SCCH order is targeted for all carriers in the
first frequency band configured. Likewise, if (HS-SCCH number) mod
2=1, then the HS-SCCH order is targeted to all carriers in the
secondary frequency band configured.
[0056] In another embodiment, the carrier or group of carriers for
which a deactivation is targeted may be determined based on which
carrier the HS-SCCH order was transmitted on. In other words, a
deactivation order may be sent over the carrier that is to be
deactivated. Activation orders, on the other hand, may be sent on
any active carrier. An example realization is shown Table 5, where
DLrx and ULrx correspond to the UL and DL carriers associated with
the DL carrier over which the HS-SCCH order was received. Table 5
shows an HS-SCCH order for activation/deactivation of the secondary
carriers in MC-HSPA.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 4 DL + 4 UL Order Type Order (x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3) x.sub.ord,1 x.sub.ord,2 x.sub.ord,3
Description of Command 001 0 0 0 Deactivation of DLrx, Deactivation
of ULrx 0 0 1 Activation of DLrx, Deactivation of ULrx 0 1 0
Reserved 0 1 1 Activation of DLrx, Activation of ULrx 1 0 0
Reserved 1 0 1 Activation of DL1 1 1 0 Activation of DL2 1 1 1
Activation of DL3
[0057] Optionally, "100" may be used to deactivate all carriers
simultaneously.
[0058] In another embodiment, the carrier or group of carriers for
which a deactivation is targeted may be determined based on which
frequency band the HS-SCCH order was transmitted on. In one
example, a deactivation order for all carriers in a given frequency
band may be sent over any carrier of the frequency band that is to
be deactivated. Activation orders, on the other hand, may be sent
on any active carrier.
[0059] Disclosed herein are embodiments where new order types are
introduced to support activation/deactivation of secondary
carriers. In one embodiment, the number of available HS-SCCH orders
may be increased by using an additional order type. This allows for
the addition of more HS-SCCH orders that may be used in order to
activate and deactivate the secondary UL and DL carriers. In one
example realization, shown below in Table 6, order type
x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3=`001` may be used to send
commands to activation and deactivate DL1, DL2, UL1 and UL2,
whereas a new order type x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2,
x.sub.odt,3=`010` may be introduced in order to activate and
deactivate DL3 and UL3. Table 6 illustrates an HS-SCCH order for
activation/deactivation of the secondary carriers in MC-HSPA.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 4 DL + 4 UL (backward compatible with
Release 9 DC-HSUPA) Order Type Order (x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2,
x.sub.odt,3) x.sub.ord,1 x.sub.ord,2 x.sub.ord,3 Description Of
Command 001 0 0 0 Deactivation of DL1, Deactivation of UL1 0 0 1
Activation of DL1, Deactivation of UL1 0 1 0 Reserved 0 1 1
Activation of DL1, Activation of UL1 1 0 0 Deactivation of DL2,
Deactivation of UL2 1 0 1 Activation of DL2, Deactivation of UL2 1
1 0 Reserved 1 1 1 Activation of DL2, Activation of UL2 010 0 0 0
Deactivation of DL3, Deactivation of UL3 0 0 1 Activation of DL3,
Deactivation of UL3 0 1 0 Reserved 0 1 1 Activation of DL3,
Activation of UL3 1 0 0 Reserved 1 0 1 Reserved 1 1 0 Reserved 1 1
1 Reserved
[0060] In another embodiment, the order type that is sent as part
of the HS-SCCH order may be used to distinguish amongst carriers.
In 3GPP Release 9, order type x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2,
x.sub.odt,3=`000` may be used to signal commands related to DTX,
DRX and HS-SCCH-less operation, whereas order type x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3=`001` may be used to specify
activation/deactivation of DL1 and UL1. As part of this embodiment,
a new order type may be defined in order to activate and deactivate
each additional DL carrier (and possibly each corresponding UL
carrier). By way of example, x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2,
x.sub.odt,3=`010` may be used when signaling
activation/deactivation of DL2 and UL2, while x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3=`011` may be used to signal
activation/deactivation of DL3 and UL3. It should be understood
that any other available order type may be used to signal
activation/deactivation of a particular DL and UL pair. The
existing order bits, x.sub.ord,1, x.sub.ord,2, x.sub.ord,3, as
currently defined for 3GPP Release 9, may be reused for each DL and
UL carrier pair. The carrier pairs may then be distinguished by
order type.
[0061] In an alternate embodiment, the number of bits in the
HS-SCCH order field may be increased for activation/deactivation of
secondary carriers in a MC-HSPA system with 4DL and 4UL carriers.
The additional order bit(s), e.g. x.sub.ord,4, may be taken from
any of the six bits in the transport-block size information
(x.sub.tbspb,1, x.sub.tbspb,2, . . . , x.sub.tbspb,3) field and/or
the one bit new data indicator (x.sub.nd,1) field. It may be
understood that the various activation/deactivation order mapping
schemes with three bit order type and three bit order may be used
after increasing the length of order and/or order type by any of
methods described herein.
[0062] In an alternate embodiment, one or two of the HS-SCCH order
type bits may be re-interpreted as HS-SCCH order bits. By way of
example, the x.sub.odt,1 bit may be interpreted as x.sub.ord,4,
allowing for more HS-SCCH commands.
[0063] In an alternate embodiment, a new HS-SCCH type, for example,
type 4, may be introduced to transmit HS-SCCH orders when the WTRU
is configured in multi-carrier mode. The WTRU configuration may be
signaled from higher layers. HS-SCCH type 4 may be constructed to
provide enough order bits for activation/deactivation of secondary
carriers in the MC-HSPA system.
[0064] In an alternate embodiment, a single set (or a combination
of sets) of HS-SCCH orders may be used in sequence in order to
activate/deactivate DL and/or UL carriers. An example may be shown
with respect to FIG. 5, where a state 505 includes active carriers
DL0 and UL0 and a command "001" further activates DL1 in state 510.
Moreover, a new set of orders, "101", "111" and "100", may be
introduced to activate/deactivate carriers DL2, UL2, DL3 and UL3 in
states 515 and 520, respectively. Note that existing 3GPP Release 9
orders "001", "011" and "000" may be used in order to
activate/deactivate DL1 and UL1 in this example. Alternatively,
"000" may be used in any state in order to return to the base state
505, where all secondary carriers are deactivated.
[0065] Methods for activation/deactivation of the secondary
carriers implemented on a group basis are now disclosed. In another
embodiment, it is proposed that groups of secondary carriers be
defined such that single activation/deactivation orders may be
applied to the entire group of carriers. The grouping may be
determined using any or a combination of the grouping methods
disclosed above.
[0066] In these methods, the UTRAN may transmit an explicit signal
for activation or deactivation of a group of carriers
simultaneously such that the control signaling overhead may be
decreased. The signaling mechanisms defined above for individual
carrier activation/deactivation may be applied to the methods for
activation/deactivation of a group of carriers.
[0067] In one example method, a new HS-SCCH order type, for
example, (x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3) may be used to
signal to the WTRU that the activation/deactivation order may be
applied to a particular group of carriers. In this example, order
type "010" is used to signal to the WTRU that that the
activation/deactivation order may be applied to all carriers
defined in group downlink 1 (GDL1) and/or group uplink 1 (GUL1).
Table 7 shows an example realization of group-wise
activation/deactivation using a new HS-SCCH order type for 4DL+2UL
carriers.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 4 DL + 4 UL (backward compatible with
Release 9 DC-HSUPA) Order Type Order (x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2,
x.sub.odt,3) x.sub.ord,1 x.sub.ord,2 x.sub.ord,3 Description Of
Command 001 0 0 0 Deactivation of DL1, Deactivation of UL1 0 0 1
Activation of DL1, Deactivation of UL1 0 1 0 Reserved 0 1 1
Activation of DL1, Activation of UL1 1 0 0 Deactivate DL2 1 0 1
Activate DL2 1 1 0 Deactivate DL3 1 1 1 Activate DL3 010 0 0 0
Deactivate GDL1, Deactivate GUL1 0 0 1 Activation of GDL1,
Deactivation of GUL1 0 1 0 Reserved 0 1 1 Activation of GDL1,
Activation of GUL1
[0068] In another example method, the group order may be used for
the deactivation of carriers and the activation of the carrier(s)
may be done through individual orders or a per carrier basis
disclosed above. For example, the scope of the existing order type
"001" with order bits "000" may be an order for all configured
carriers. As such, the transmission of this order by the Node-B may
be used to signal the deactivation of all activate DL and UL
carriers.
[0069] In another embodiment, a single HS-SCCH order may be used to
activate and/or deactivate any of all configured secondary UL and
DL carriers simultaneously. Each HS-SCCH order represented by the
order type in combination with the order bit indicates one state
for all configured secondary UL and DL carriers, and the mapping
between orders and states may be in any order. Given different
carrier configurations such as 4DL+1UL, 4DL+2UL, 4DL+3UL and
4DL+4UL, the total number of resulting activation/deactivation
carrier states are respectively 8, 12, 18 and 27. This means that
4DL+1UL carriers may be represented by a three bit order while more
than a three bit order may be needed to support configurations with
multiple UL carriers such as, but not limited to, 4DL+2DL, 4DL+3UL
and 4DL+4UL. Note, the above embodiment assumes that only secondary
carriers may be activated/deactivated by HS-SCCH orders. However,
activating/deactivating all configured carriers simultaneously may
also be applied to the case that the primary DL/UL carriers may be
activated/deactivated.
[0070] In the single UL carrier configuration, since the three bit
order (x.sub.ord,1, x.sub.ord,2, x.sub.ord,3) may be available from
the currently specified HS-SCCH order, an existing order type
(x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3)=`001` and the three bit
order may be used for activation/deactivation of the secondary
carriers. An example is shown in Table 8, where different HS-SCCH
orders may be used to indicate explicitly which carriers may be
activated and/or which carriers may be deactivated. The advantage
of this embodiment over the previous one in Table 1 is that a
single order may be used to activate/deactivate multiple carriers
simultaneously. It should be understood that the actual
command-to-bit mapping may take a different form than that shown in
Table 8. Moreover, it should also be understood that the actual
combination of carrier configurations defined for each command may
take a different form.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 4 DL + 1 UL Order Type Order (x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3) x.sub.ord,1 x.sub.ord,2 x.sub.ord,3
Resulting Carrier Configuration Description of Command 001 0 0 0
UL0; DL0 Deactivate DL1, DL2, DL3 0 0 1 UL0; DL0, DL1 Deactivate
DL2, DL3; Activate DL1 0 1 0 UL0; DL0, DL2 Deactivate DL1, DL3;
Activate DL2 0 1 1 UL0; DL0, DL3 Deactivate DL1, DL2; Activate DL3
1 0 0 UL0; DL0, DL1, DL2 Deactivate DL3; Activate DL1, DL2 1 0 1
UL0; DL0, DL1, DL3 Deactivate DL2; Activate DL1, DL3 1 1 0 UL0;
DL0, DL2, DL3 Deactivate DL1; Activate DL2, DL3 1 1 1 UL0; DL0,
DL1, DL2, DL3 Activate DL1, Dl2, DL3
[0071] In the multiple UL carrier configuration case, the existing
order type and 3 bit order may not be enough to map the resulting
activation/deactivation carrier states. This may be overcome using
one or any combination of the following methods.
[0072] In a first method, a new order type is defined for MC-HSPA.
There is 3 bit order type (x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3)
in the current HS-SCCH order physical channel, which may represent
8 order types. In Release 9 DC-HSUPA, order type x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3=`000` and part of order type x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3=`001` are used. New order types may be
defined such that more commands may be available to map all
resulting activation/deactivation carrier states in MC-HSPA having
more than one configured UL carrier.
[0073] For example, to support 4DL and 4UL carriers, 27 resulting
carrier configuration states may be needed to be commanded by the
combination of order type and order bits. A three bit order type
(x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3), which provides seven order
types, in combination with a three bit order (x.sub.ord,1,
x.sub.ord,2, x.sub.ord,3) may create sufficient orders. Table 9
illustrates one example of mapping between reserved (available)
commands and all resulting carrier configurations states for a
MC-HSPA system having 4DL and 4UL carriers. It should be understood
that the actual command-to-bit mapping may take a different form
than that shown in Table 9. Moreover, it should also be understood
that the actual combination of carriers defined for each command
may take a different form.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 4DL + 4UL Order Type Order (x.sub.odt,1,
x.sub.odt,2, x.sub.odt,3) x.sub.ord,1 x.sub.ord,2 x.sub.ord,3
Resulting Carrier Configuration Description of Command 001 0 0 0
UL0; DL0 Deactivate DL1, DL2, DL3, UL1, UL2, UL3 0 0 1 UL0; DL0,
DL1 Deactivate DL2, DL3, UL1, UL2, UL3 Activate DL1 0 1 0 Reserved
Reserved 0 1 1 UL0, UL1; DL0, DL1 Deactivate DL2, DL3, UL2, UL3
Activate DL1, UL1 1 0 0 UL0; DL0, DL2 Deactivate DL1, DL3, UL1,
UL2, UL3 Activate DL2 1 0 1 UL0; DL0, DL3 Deactivate DL1, DL2, UL1,
UL2, UL3 Activate DL3 1 1 0 UL0; DL0, DL1, DL2 Deactivate DL3, UL1,
UL2, UL3 Activate DL1, DL2 1 1 1 UL0; DL0, DL1, DL3 Deactivate DL2,
UL1, UL2, UL3 Activate DL1, DL3 010 0 0 0 UL0; DL0, DL2, DL3
Deactivate DL1, UL1, UL2, UL3 Activate DL2, DL3 0 0 1 UL0; DL0,
DL1, DL2, DL3 Deactivate UL1, UL2, UL3 Activate DL1, DL2, DL3 0 1 0
UL0, UL1; DL0, DL1, DL2 Deactivate DL3, UL2, UL3 Activate DL1, DL2,
UL1 0 1 1 UL0, UL1; DL0, DL1, DL3 Deactivate DL2, UL2, UL3 Activate
DL1, DL3, UL1 1 0 0 UL0, UL1; DL0, DL1, DL2, DL3 Deactivate UL2,
UL3 Activate DL1, DL2, DL3, UL1 1 0 1 UL0, UL1, UL2; DL0, DL1, DL2
Deactivate DL3, UL3 Activate DL1, DL2, UL1, UL2 1 1 0 UL0, UL1,
UL2; DL0, DL1, DL2, DL3 Deactivate UL3 Activate DL1, DL2, DL3, UL1,
UL2 1 1 1 UL0, UL1, UL2, UL3; DL0, DL1, DL2, DL3 Activate DL1, DL2,
DL3, UL1, UL2, UL3 011 0 0 0 UL0, UL2; DL0, DL2 Deactivate DL1,
DL3, UL1, UL3 Activate DL2, UL2 0 0 1 UL0, UL2; DL0, DL1, DL2
Deactivate DL3, UL1, UL3 Activate DL1, DL2, UL2 0 1 0 UL0, UL2;
DL0, DL2, DL3 Deactivate DL1, UL1, UL3 Activate DL2, DL3, UL2 0 1 1
UL0, UL2; DL0, DL1, DL2, DL3 Deactivate UL1, UL3 Activate DL1, DL2,
DL3, UL2 1 0 0 UL0, UL3; DL0, DL3 Deactivate DL1, DL2, UL1, UL2
Activate DL3, UL3 1 0 1 UL0, UL3; DL0, DL1, DL3 Deactivate DL2,
UL1, UL2 Activate DL1, DL3, UL3 1 1 0 UL0, UL3; DL0, DL2, DL3
Deactivate DL1, UL1, UL2 Activate DL2, DL3, UL3 1 1 1 UL0, UL3;
DL0, DL1, DL2, DL3 Deactivate UL1, UL2 Activate DL1, DL2, DL3, UL3
100 0 0 0 UL0, UL2, UL3; DL0, DL2, DL3 Deactivate DL1, UL1 Activate
DL2, DL3, U2, UL3 0 0 1 UL0, UL2, UL3; DL0, DL1, DL2, DL3
Deactivate UL1 Activate DL1, DL2, DL3, U2, UL3 0 1 0 UL0, UL1, UL3;
DL0, DL1, DL3 Deactivate DL2, UL2 Activate DL1, DL3, UL1, UL3 0 1 1
UL0, UL1, UL3; DL0, DL1, DL2, DL3 Deactivate UL2 Activate DL1, DL2,
DL3, UL1, UL3 1 0 0 Reserved Reserved 1 0 1 Reserved Reserved 1 1 0
Reserved Reserved 1 1 1 Reserved Reserved
[0074] In a second method, the length of the order may be
increased. This may be achieved by re-interpreting order type as
order bits. This will increase the length of the order bits from
three bits to six bits, where there are three bits from the order
type plus three bits from the order) bit. This may fully support
4DL+4UL carriers. Depending on whether backward compatibility is
kept with Release 9 DC-HSUPA, order type x.sub.odt,1, x.sub.odt,2,
x.sub.odt,3=`000` in combination with a three bit order may or may
not be used for activation and deactivation of secondary carriers
of MC-HSPA. As noted previously, these were used for
activation/deactivation of DTX, DRX and HS-SCCH-less operation and
for HS-DSCH serving cell change in Release 9.
[0075] In an alternative method, a reserved new data indicator
combined to a part of Transport-block size information may be
re-interpreted as an order type and/or order. As no HS-PDSCH is
associated with HS-SCCH orders, a part of the six bit
transport-block size information (x.sub.tbspb,1, x.sub.tbspb,2, . .
. , x.sub.tbspb,6) and/or the one bit new data indicator
(x.sub.nd,1) may be used or reinterpreted to increase the length of
the order. For example, (x.sub.tbspb,5, x.sub.tbspb,6) and
x.sub.nd,1 may be used to increase the length of order for HS-SCCH
type 1. By way of example, if x.sub.nd,1 is used, then x.sub.nd,1
may be set to x.sub.ord,4 for the HS-SCCH order (HS-SCCH type1). By
way of another example, if (x.sub.tbspb,4, x.sub.tbspb,5,
x.sub.tbspb,6) are used, then the HS-SCCH order (HS-SCCH type3) may
be: x.sub.tbspb,1, x.sub.tbspb,2, . . . , x.sub.tbspb,6 and set to
`1,1,1, x.sub.ord,4, x.sub.ord,5, x.sub.ord,6`. It may be
understood that the re-interpreted bit may be mapped to any bit of
order type or order.
[0076] In an alternate embodiment, a new HS-SCCH type, such as for
example, type 4, may be introduced to transmit HS-SCCH orders when
the WTRU is configured for multi-carrier operations, or
multi-carrier (MC) mode. This MC mode status may be signaled
explicitly from higher layers (e.g., via RRC signaling). The
HS-SCCH type 4 may be constructed to provide enough order bits for
activation/deactivation of secondary carriers in a MC-HSPA
system.
[0077] Disclosed herein are methods for signaling multiple HS-SCCH
orders for MC-HSPA. As a HS-SCCH order may be transmitted on any
carrier, multiple serving cells may signal multiple HS-SCCH orders
for activation/deactivation for the secondary carriers in MC-HSPA,
for example with 4DL and 4UL carriers, on a per-carrier (or
individual or per-paired-carrier which may be pre-defined or
pre-specified or pre-configured) basis or a group basis. Different
orders may have different order type and order. This method may be
applied to MC-HSPA with more than 4DL and 4UL carriers at the cost
of control signaling overhead.
[0078] In another embodiment, the UTRAN transmits an explicit L1
signal for activation or deactivation of each carrier or
independently.
[0079] In a first method, the L1 signal comprises a HS-SCCH order
that may carry the activation/deactivation command for multiple
carriers. This may be implemented for example by mapping some or
all of the HS-SCCH order type bits to a given carrier. The mapping
may be configured by the network or may be implicit. Alternatively,
this HS-SCCH order may carry only a single activation/deactivation
command in combination to a target carrier address. For example,
this may be implemented by reserving 2 bits of the HS-SCCH order
type to indicate one of 4 carriers and the other bit to indicate
carrier activation or deactivation.
[0080] In a second method, the L1 signal comprises an enhanced
dedicated channel (E-DCH) Absolute Grant Channel (E-AGCH) with the
bit-fields re-interpreted to signal simultaneous
activation/deactivation of multiple carriers. In a third method, L2
or L3 messages are used to carry the activation and deactivation
explicit command.
[0081] In another embodiment, carrier activation or deactivation is
triggered by implicit rules at the WTRU. The triggers may be based
on any of the following parameters, individually or in any
combination. For example, the parameter may be a buffer status such
as the total E-DCH buffer status (TEBS). It may be the received
transport block size on the anchor cell, the power headroom as
indicated by in the scheduling information (SI) or the received
signal power as indicated or represented by the received signal
code power (RSCP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or
other similar measures.
[0082] The network may configure different thresholds for these
triggers for carrier activation and deactivation. Once a carrier
activation or deactivation is triggered, the WTRU may perform any
of the following steps individually or in any combination and
order.
[0083] The WTRU may signal, using L1, L2 or L3, the carrier
activation or deactivation indication message to the network. The
WTRU may include the measurement and/or the cause that triggered
the carrier activation/deactivation as part of the indication
message. The WTRU may also include an index to a carrier to
activate/deactivate as part of the indication message.
[0084] The WTRU may wait for an explicit activation or deactivation
command from the network. In one method, if the indication is a
deactivation, the WTRU may autonomously deactivate the carrier. In
another method, if the indication is carrier activation, the WTRU
may autonomously activate the carrier.
[0085] Upon deactivation of a supplementary carrier, channel
quality indicator (CQI) feedback reporting for that supplementary
carrier may be halted. Alternatively, the CQI feedback reporting
may be transmitted at a lower rate. In another alternative, the CQI
feedback reporting may be transmitted at a slower rate using L2
signaling, for example, in the medium access channel (MAC) MAC-i
header, or L3 signaling, instead of using the L1 high-speed
dedicated physical control channel (HS-DPCCH). Upon activation of a
supplementary carrier, the CQI feedback may be resumed. These CQI
actions are applicable to all embodiments disclosed herein.
[0086] When multiple carriers are configured in a same frequency
band for multi-carrier operation, the carriers may be adjacent or
non-adjacent. Adjacent carriers may be spaced by the bandwidth
required for a particular technology. For example, in WCDMA FDD,
each carrier may be spaced 5 MHz. Therefore, the carrier frequency
of the adjacent carriers is spaced by 5 MHz. In general, when N
adjacent carriers are configured, the adjacent carriers occupy an
aggregate and continuous bandwidth of N times 5 MHz.
[0087] Due to hardware limitations, it may be difficult for some
WTRUs to simultaneously receive and successfully demodulate signals
from non-adjacent carriers in the same frequency band. The hardware
limitations may include limitations with respect to filtering the
signals. For multi-carrier operation, when there are more than two
carriers, the carrier activation/deactivation status for a WTRU may
need to be restricted in order to maintain or ensure a continuous
activated spectrum.
[0088] When having non-adjacent carriers within one frequency band
is not supported by the WTRU, the RRC may not allow for the
configuration of non-adjacent carriers within the frequency band.
Similarly, the Node-B may not be configured or allowed to use
HS-SCCH orders that may result in the non-adjacent carriers arising
from the deactivation of one or more configured carriers.
[0089] The HS-SCCH order schemes described herein consider both
non-adjacent and adjacent carriers scenarios. The methods disclosed
herein may also be used for the activation and deactivation of
multiple carriers with the restriction of having only adjacent
carriers activated. This may be done by reserving any HS-SCCH order
that results in non-adjacent carriers (i.e., these HS-SCCH orders
may not be used or signaled by the Node-B). For example, in
MC-HSDPA with 4DL and 1UL carrier case, if 4DL, adjacent carriers
are configured by assuming they are adjacent in the order DL0, DL1,
DL2 and DL3 without the loss of generality, then the order "0xx"
("x" can be 0 or 1) in Table 1 may be reserved as only DL3 can be
activated/deactivated when assuming DL0/UL0 may not be deactivated.
Similarly, the methods used for designing HS-SCCH orders for
carrier activation/deactivation disclosed herein may be used for
further optimizing the activation/deactivation of carriers with the
adjacent carrier restriction described above.
[0090] Further, methods describing WTRU behavior upon reception of
a configuration message leading to an unsupported carrier
activation/deactivation configuration are disclosed herein. In one
example, the WTRU receives an HS-SCCH order causing an invalid
carrier activation/deactivation configuration. The WTRU may perform
any one or a combination of the following actions when receiving an
HS-SCCH order causing an invalid carrier activation/deactivation
configuration: the WTRU may ignore the HS-SCCH order and maintain
its current configuration; the WTRU may ignore the HS-SCCH order
and disable all supplementary carriers in the frequency band with
non-adjacent carriers; the WTRU may the HS-SCCH order on the
HS-DPCCH; the WTRU may acknowledge the HS-SCCH order on the
HS-DPCCH; the WTRU may negative-acknowledge the HS-SCCH order on
the HS-DPCCH; or the WTRU does not acknowledge or
negative-acknowledge the HS-SCCH order on the HS-DPCCH (DTX).
[0091] Disclosed herein are embodiments for activating/deactivating
DRX and DTX and processing DRX and DTX operations. Methods to
configure a WTRU for DRX operations are described below. The WTRU
may configured by the network using L3 messaging.
[0092] In a first embodiment, the network configures the WTRU with
one set of DRX parameters and the WTRU applies these DRX parameters
implicitly for all downlink carriers. In another embodiment, the
network configures one set of DRX parameters per frequency band and
the WTRU applies the same parameters to all downlink carriers in
the same frequency band. In yet another embodiment, the network
configures one set of DRX parameters for each carrier separately.
In a further embodiment, the network configures one set of DRX
parameters for each anchor carrier. In this embodiment, the DRX
parameters for supplementary carriers are the same as those for the
associated anchor carrier. In the embodiments disclosed herein, a
second set may be configured by the network if the WTRU has more
than one receiver chain.
[0093] In still another embodiment, the network configures one set
of DRX parameters per group of downlink carriers, where all
carriers within the same group use the same DRX parameters. The
groups may be pre-configured through radio resource control (RRC)
signaling upon radio bearer establishment/reconfiguration or
pre-configured at the WTRU. Alternatively, a group of downlink
carriers may be defined as all of those carriers for which the WTRU
is allocated the same radio network temporary identifier. The
Grouping methods disclosed earlier may be used to determine the
appropriate groups.
[0094] Embodiments related to DRX status upon initialization is
disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the DRX for all downlink
carriers may be deactivated when configuring the downlink carriers.
Alternatively, the network may pre-configure the DRX status, which
may be applied to all or only a subset or group of the downlink
carriers. In another alternative, the network may configure the DRX
status to each downlink carrier individually.
[0095] Embodiments for triggering DRX activation and deactivation
at the WTRU are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the network
may explicitly signal the WTRU to activate or deactivate DRX. This
activation or deactivation message may be directed at one
particular carrier, or to a group of carriers. To explicitly signal
DRX activation and deactivation, the network may use any of the
approaches described above for carrier activation and deactivation
by replacing carrier activation/deactivation by DRX
activation/deactivation.
[0096] In another embodiment, the WTRU may implicitly activate or
deactivate DRX for a subset or groups of carriers. The activation
or deactivation triggers may be based for example on any one or a
combination of the following measurements. One measurement may be
the downlink activity over a given period of time. Another
measurement may be the downlink data rate over a given period of
time. Still another measurement may be the reported CQI. Yet other
measurements may be the radio power measurements such as common
pilot channel (CPICH) measurements, RSCP, RSSI, etc. These
measurements may be performed on one or over several carriers, and
may be averaged.
[0097] The network may configure a threshold to go into DRX
(DRX-in) and a threshold to get out of DRX (DRX-out) based on one
or more of the above measurements. When DRX is not active and the
actual measurement reaches the DRX-in threshold, the WTRU may apply
DRX on the associated carrier or group of carriers. Likewise, when
DRX is activated and the actual measurement reaches the DRX-out
threshold, the WTRU may deactivate DRX on the associated carrier or
group of carriers.
[0098] For implicit activation and deactivation of DRX, the WTRU
may signal a change of status to the network. Thus, when DRX is
activated, the WTRU may send a message to inform the network of a
change of status. This message may include any one or a combination
of the following information: the related carrier index or
reference; the measurement value that triggered the change of
status; the cause of change; an activation time; or the new
status.
[0099] Disclosed herein are WTRU actions relative to DRX operations
upon carrier activation. Once the WTRU activates one or more
carriers, the WTRU may perform any one or a combination of the
following actions. In one method, the WTRU may resume the DRX
status of the carrier to the state it was in before deactivation.
In another method, the WTRU may configure the DRX status of the
carrier to same status as the anchor carrier. In yet another
method, the WTRU may configure the DRX status of the carrier to the
same status as the anchor carrier in the same frequency band. In
still another method, the WTRU may configure the DRX status of the
carrier to the same status as the other carriers in the same
frequency band. In a further method, the WTRU may configure the DRX
status to "active". In yet a further method, the WTRU may configure
the DRX status to "inactive". In another method, the WTRU may
deactivate DRX for all carriers. In still another method, the WTRU
may deactivate DRX for all carriers in the same band as the newly
activated carrier. In yet another method, the WTRU may activate DRX
for all carriers. In a further method, the WTRU may deactivate DRX
for all carriers in the same frequency band as the newly activated
carrier.
[0100] Disclosed herein are WTRU actions relative to DRX operations
upon carrier deactivation. Once the WTRU deactivates one or more
carriers, the WTRU may perform any one or a combination of the
following actions. In one method, the WTRU may activate DRX for all
or a group of remaining active carriers. For example, the WTRU
interprets carrier deactivation as a low-activity state transition
or as going into a lower power mode. In another method, the WTRU
may deactivate DRX for all or a group of remaining active carriers.
For example, the WTRU may interpret carrier deactivation as a means
to save power without a change of traffic activity.
[0101] Disclosed herein are embodiments for processing
acknowledgement and negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) feedback in
HSDPA in multiple carrier scenarios. In current systems,
acknowledgement and negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) feedback in
HSDPA with multiple-in and multiple-out (MIMO) or DC-HSDPA may
consist of transmitting a pre-defined signature on a hybrid
automatic repeat request (HARQ) HARQ-ACK field of the HS-DPCCH. In
this method, there is one signature per possible combination of
ACK/NACK/DTX events.
[0102] In an embodiment, the ACK/NACK information is transmitted by
using a superposition of modulated signatures as illustrated in
FIG. 6. There may be one signature per configured carrier. The N
signatures may be orthogonal. The ACK-NACK x inputs may take values
+1, -1 and 0 to represent ACK, NACK and DTX, respectively.
Alternatively, the values of ACK and NACK may be inverted. In
another alternative, the amplitude of the ACK and NACK may be
configured to different values than unity. This configuration may
also be signaled by the UTRAN.
[0103] The result from the summation of all transmitted signature
may be scaled by a factor .DELTA..sub.MC-ACK-NACK. This factor may
be predefined or configured by the UTRAN.
[0104] Alternatively, this scaling factor may depend upon the
number of ACK/NACK transmitted. More power may be allocated to the
ACK/NACK when more signatures are present simultaneously to
compensate for the potential additional distortion induced in the
signal.
[0105] In an alternative embodiment, the value of the
.DELTA..sub.MC-ACK-NACK scaling factor may be determined by
pre-defined rules based on the number of non-zero ACK-NACK values
transmitted, Nnz. For example, for each additional non-zero
ACK-NACK transmitted, an additional .DELTA.nz (in dB) is added to
the scaling factor, where .DELTA.nz is signaled by the UTRAN or
preconfigured in the specifications.
[0106] In a second alternative embodiment, a lookup table mapping
the scaling factor to the number of non-zero ACK-NACKs may be
pre-defined or signaled by the UTRAN.
[0107] Although the embodiments disclosed herein for multiple
carrier activation/deactivation and operations are described with
respect to multiple carrier high speed packet access (HSPA) and
high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), the embodiments are
applicable to systems beyond these carrier configurations and to
other multiple carrier systems.
[0108] Although the above is disclosed with respect to HSPA and
HSDPA, it is applicable to any wireless environment. For example,
FIG. 7 shows a Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication
system/access network 700 that includes an Evolved-Universal
Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) 705. The E-UTRAN 705
includes a WTRU 710 and several evolved Node-Bs, (eNBs) 720. The
WTRU 710 is in communication with an eNB 720. The eNBs 720
interface with each other using an X2 interface. Each of the eNBs
720 interface with a Mobility Management Entity (MME)/Serving
GateWay (S-GW) 730 through an S1 interface. Although a single WTRU
710 and three eNBs 720 are shown in FIG. 7, it should be apparent
that any combination of wireless and wired devices may be included
in the wireless communication system access network 700.
[0109] FIG. 8 is an example block diagram of an LTE wireless
communication system 700 including the WTRU 710, the eNB 720, and
the MME/S-GW 730. As shown in FIG. 8, the WTRU 710, the eNB 720 and
the MME/S-GW 730 are configured to enhance direct link
communication security.
[0110] In addition to the components that may be found in a typical
WTRU, the WTRU 710 includes a processor 816 with an optional linked
memory 822, at least one transceiver 814, an optional battery 820,
and an antenna 818. The processor 816 is configured to enhance
direct link communication security. The transceiver 814 is in
communication with the processor 816 and the antenna 818 to
facilitate the transmission and reception of wireless
communications. In case a battery 820 is used in the WTRU 710, it
powers the transceiver 814 and the processor 816.
[0111] In addition to the components that may be found in a typical
eNB, the eNB 720 includes a processor 817 with an optional linked
memory 815, transceivers 819, and antennas 821. The processor 817
is configured to enhance direct link communication security. The
transceivers 819 are in communication with the processor 817 and
antennas 821 to facilitate the transmission and reception of
wireless communications. The eNB 720 is connected to the Mobility
Management Entity/Serving GateWay (MME/S-GW) 730 which includes a
processor 833 with an optional linked memory 834.
[0112] Although features and elements are described above in
particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone
without the other features and elements or in various combinations
with or without other features and elements. The methods or flow
charts provided herein may be implemented in a computer program,
software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable storage
medium for execution by a general purpose computer or a processor.
Examples of computer-readable storage mediums include a read only
memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache
memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as
internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and
optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks
(DVDs).
[0113] Suitable processors include, by way of example, a general
purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional
processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of
microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a
DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific
Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and/or a state
machine.
[0114] A processor in association with software may be used to
implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a wireless
transmit receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), terminal, base
station, radio network controller (RNC), or any host computer. The
WTRU may be used in conjunction with modules, implemented in
hardware and/or software, such as a camera, a video camera module,
a videophone, a speakerphone, a vibration device, a speaker, a
microphone, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a
keyboard, a Bluetooth@module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio
unit, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, an organic
light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit, a digital music player, a
media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser,
and/or any wireless local area network (WLAN) or Ultra Wide Band
(UWB) module.
* * * * *