U.S. patent application number 14/822691 was filed with the patent office on 2015-12-03 for deflecting plate and liquid crystal display device.
This patent application is currently assigned to ZEON CORPORATION. The applicant listed for this patent is ZEON CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Kouhei ARAKAWA, Tetsuya TOYOSHIMA.
Application Number | 20150346410 14/822691 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36336462 |
Filed Date | 2015-12-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150346410 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
TOYOSHIMA; Tetsuya ; et
al. |
December 3, 2015 |
DEFLECTING PLATE AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE
Abstract
The present invention provides a polarizer plate including at
least a protective layer A, a polarizer, and a protective layer B
in that order, the protective layer A including at least layers a
and b respectively including a thermoplastic resin as a main
component, the layer a having a flexural modulus higher than that
of the layer b; and a liquid crystal display device including a
light source, an incident-side polarizer plate, a liquid crystal
cell, and an exit-side polarizer plate in that order, the
incident-side polarizer plate and/or the exit-side polarizer plate
being the polarizer plate of the present invention. According to
the present invention, a polarizer plate exhibiting high tenacity
and high surface hardness and a liquid crystal display device
including the polarizer plate are provided.
Inventors: |
TOYOSHIMA; Tetsuya; (Tokyo,
JP) ; ARAKAWA; Kouhei; (Tokyo, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ZEON CORPORATION |
Tokyo |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
ZEON CORPORATION
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
36336462 |
Appl. No.: |
14/822691 |
Filed: |
August 10, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
13968309 |
Aug 15, 2013 |
9134472 |
|
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14822691 |
|
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11667275 |
Jul 25, 2007 |
8537309 |
|
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PCT/JP2005/020453 |
Nov 8, 2005 |
|
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13968309 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
349/96 ;
359/489.07 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B32B 2457/20 20130101;
G02B 1/105 20130101; G02F 1/133502 20130101; G02F 1/133528
20130101; G02B 5/305 20130101; G02B 1/14 20150115; G02B 5/3083
20130101 |
International
Class: |
G02B 5/30 20060101
G02B005/30; G02F 1/1335 20060101 G02F001/1335 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 9, 2004 |
JP |
2004-324547 |
Claims
1. A polarizer plate comprising at least a protective layer A, a
polarizer, and a protective layer B in that order, the protective
layer A including at least layers a and b respectively including a
thermoplastic resin as a main component, the layer a being formed
of at least one kind of resin selected from the group consisting of
a vinyl aromatic polymer, a polyacrylonitrile polymer, a vinyl
alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer, and a hydrogenated product thereof,
and the flexural modulus of layer a being higher than the flexural
modulus of layer b.
2. The polarizer plate according to claim 1, wherein the protective
layer A has a water vapor transmission rate of 10 g/daym.sup.2 or
less.
3. The polarizer plate according to claim 1, wherein the protective
layer A is obtained by coextrusion.
4. The polarizer plate according to claim 1, wherein the layer a
has a flexural modulus of 3 GPa to 4 GPa.
5. The polarizer plate according to claim 1, wherein the layer b
has a flexural modulus of 0.1 GPa to 3 GPa.
6. The polarizer plate according to claim 1, wherein a difference
in flexural modulus between the layers a and b is 0.2 GPa to 2.5
Gpa.
7. The polarizer plate according to claim 1, wherein the protective
layer B is a layer exhibiting birefringence.
8. The polarizer plate according to claim 1, wherein the layer b is
provided adjacent to the polarizer.
9. A liquid crystal display device comprising a light source, an
incident-side polarizer plate, a liquid crystal cell, and an
exit-side polarizer plate in that order, wherein the incident-side
polarizer plate and/or the exit-side polarizer plate is the
polarizer plate according to claim 1.
10. A liquid crystal display device comprising a light source, an
incident-side polarizer plate, a liquid crystal cell, and an
exit-side polarizer plate in that order, wherein the exit-side
polarizer plate is the polarizer plate according to claim 1.
11. A liquid crystal display device comprising a light source, an
incident-side polarizer plate, a liquid crystal cell, and an
exit-side polarizer plate in that order, wherein the incident-side
polarizer plate and/or the exit-side polarizer plate is the
polarizer plate according to claim 1, and wherein the polarizer
plate is disposed so that the layer a does not face the liquid
crystal cell.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a Continuation of copending application
Ser. No. 13/968,309, filed on Aug. 15, 2013, which is a Divisional
of, and claims priority to, U.S. application Ser. No. 11/667,275,
filed Jul. 25, 2007, which was filed as the national phase under 35
U.S.C. .sctn.371 of International Application No.
PCT/JP2005/020453, filed on Nov. 8, 2005, which claims priority to
Patent Application No. 2004-324547, filed in Japan on Nov. 9, 2004,
all of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference into
the present application.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates to a polarizer plate
exhibiting high tenacity and high surface hardness, and a liquid
crystal display device including the polarizer plate and a liquid
crystal cell.
BACKGROUND ART
[0003] In related-art technology, a polarizer plate protective film
is bonded to each side of a polarizer in order to improve the
durability of the polarizer. The polarizer plate protective film is
required to exhibit high tenacity and high surface hardness. In
general, a polymer exhibiting high surface hardness has a high
flexural modulus, but is fragile. Therefore, when using a polymer
exhibiting high surface hardness as the material for the polarizer
plate protective film, cracks tend to occur when forming the
polarizer plate. On the other hand, when using a polymer exhibiting
high tenacity as the material for the polarizer plate protective
film, the resulting polarizer plate protective film exhibits
insufficient surface hardness. Therefore, a known polarizer plate
protective film is generally produced by using a polymer with a low
modulus of elasticity as a base film and forming a hard coating
layer on the surface of the film in order to improve surface
hardness.
[0004] In this method, after forming the base film, a hard coating
layer forming solution is applied and dried (and cured in some
cases) to form the hard coating layer. However, since it is
necessary to form a hard coating layer to a large thickness in
order to provide the hard coating layer with sufficient hardness,
production becomes complicated, whereby the yield decreases.
[0005] In order to solve this problem, a multilayer polarizer plate
protective film has been proposed which is produced by stacking
resins to make the most of the properties of each resin (e.g.
JP-A-2000-206303 and JP-A-2002-249600). However, the polarizer
plate protective film disclosed in these documents also has a
problem in terms of the balance between surface hardness and
tenacity, whereby cracks may occur when forming the polarizer
plate.
[0006] The present invention has been achieved in view of the
above-described situation of the related art. An object of the
present invention is to provide a polarizer plate exhibiting high
tenacity and high surface hardness, and a liquid crystal display
device including the polarizer plate and a liquid crystal cell.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The inventors of the present invention have conducted
extensive studies in order to achieve the above object. As a
result, the inventors have found that a polarizer plate having a
polarizer protection function and exhibiting excellent tenacity and
surface hardness can be obtained by stacking a layer including a
thermoplastic resin with a relatively low flexural modulus as the
main component and a layer including a thermoplastic resin with a
relatively high flexural modulus as the main component on one side
of a polarizer and disposing a protective layer on the other side
of the polarizer. This finding has led to the completion of the
present invention.
[0008] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a
polarizer plate as defined in the following (1) to (7) is
provided.
(1) A polarizer plate comprising at least a protective layer A, a
polarizer, and a protective layer B in that order, the protective
layer A including at least layers a and b respectively including a
thermoplastic resin as a main component, the layer a having a
flexural modulus higher than that of the layer b. (2) The polarizer
plate according to (1), wherein the protective layer A has a water
vapor transmission rate of 10 g/daym.sup.2 or less. (3) The
polarizer plate according to (1), wherein the protective layer A is
obtained by coextrusion. (4) The polarizer plate according to (1),
wherein the layer a has a flexural modulus of 3 GPa to 4 GPa. (5)
The polarizer plate according to (1), wherein the layer b has a
flexural modulus of 0.1 GPa to 3 GPa. (6) The polarizer plate
according to (1), wherein a difference in flexural modulus between
the layers a and b is 0.2 GPa to 2.5 GPa. (7) The polarizer plate
according to (1), wherein the protective layer B is a layer
exhibiting birefringence.
[0009] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a
liquid crystal display device as defined in the following (8) to
(10) is provided.
(8) A liquid crystal display device comprising a light source, an
incident-side polarizer plate, a liquid crystal cell, and an
exit-side polarizer plate in that order, the incident-side
polarizer plate and/or the exit-side polarizer plate being the
polarizer plate according to (1). (9) A liquid crystal display
device comprising a light source, an incident-side polarizer plate,
a liquid crystal cell, and an exit-side polarizer plate in that
order, the exit-side polarizer plate being the polarizer plate
according to (1). (10) A liquid crystal display device comprising a
light source, an incident-side polarizer plate, a liquid crystal
cell, and an exit-side polarizer plate in that order, the
incident-side polarizer plate and/or the exit-side polarizer plate
being the polarizer plate according to (1), and the polarizer plate
being disposed so that the layer a does not face the liquid crystal
cell.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is a view showing the layer configurations of a
protective layer A of a polarizer plate of the present
invention.
[0011] FIG. 2 is a view showing a specific example of the layer
configuration of the polarizer plate of the present invention.
[0012] FIG. 3 is a view showing specific examples of the layer
configuration of the polarizer plate of the present invention.
[0013] FIG. 4 is a view showing specific examples of the layer
configuration of the polarizer plate of the present invention.
[0014] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the layer configuration
of a liquid crystal display device including the polarizer plate of
the present invention.
[0015] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the layer configuration
of a liquid crystal display cell shown in FIG. 5.
[0016] FIG. 7 is a view showing a flexibility evaluation test
method.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0017] The present invention is described below in detail.
1) Polarizer Plate
[0018] A polarizer plate of the present invention includes at least
a protective layer A, a polarizer, and a protective layer B in that
order, the protective layer A including at least layers a and b
respectively including a thermoplastic resin as a main component,
the layer a having a flexural modulus higher than that of the layer
b.
(1) Protective Layer A
[0019] The protective layer A of the polarizer plate of the present
invention is a layer including at least the layers a and b
respectively including a thermoplastic resin as the main component.
The term "including a thermoplastic resin as the main component"
means that a resin component forming each of the layers a and b is
a thermoplastic resin, and the layers a and b may optionally
include an additive and the like.
(i) Layer a
[0020] The thermoplastic resin included in the layer a is not
particularly limited insofar as the thermoplastic resin exhibits
high transparency. It is preferable to use a thermoplastic resin
exhibiting a transmittance of 80% or more and a haze value of 0.5%
or less.
[0021] As specific preferred examples of the thermoplastic resin
included in the layer a, a vinyl aromatic polymer, a
poly(meth)acrylate polymer, a polyacrylonitrile polymer, a vinyl
alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer, a hydrogenated product thereof, and
the like can be given. These thermoplastic resins may be used
either individually or in combination of two or more. The term
"(meth)acrylate" means acrylate and/or methacrylate. This also
applies to the following description.
[0022] The vinyl aromatic polymer is a polymer having at least a
repeating unit derived from an aromatic compound having a vinyl
group.
[0023] As examples of the aromatic compound having a vinyl group,
styrene; styrene derivatives such as 4-methylstyrene,
3-methylstyrene, 4-chlorostyrene, 4-methoxystyrene,
4-tert-butoxystyrene, and .alpha.-methylstyrene; vinylnaphthalene
such as 1-vinylnaphthalene and 2-vinylnaphthalene; and the like can
be given.
[0024] As specific examples of the vinyl aromatic polymer,
polystyrene; a copolymer of styrene and/or a styrene derivative and
at least one compound selected from acrylonitrile, maleic
anhydride, methyl methacrylate, and butadiene; a hydrogenated
product of a copolymer of styrene and conjugated diene (including a
hydrogenated product of an aromatic ring); and the like can be
given.
[0025] The poly(meth)acrylate polymer is a polymer including at
least a repeating unit derived from a (meth)acrylic acid
compound.
[0026] As a specific examples of the (meth)acrylic acid compound,
(meth)acrylic acid; (meth)acrylic acid amide; (meth)acrylate
compounds such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate,
propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, butyl
(meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate,
hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl
(meth)acrylate, and polyethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate; and the
like can be given.
[0027] As specific examples of the poly(meth)acrylate polymer, a
homopolymer of a (meth)acrylic acid compound; a copolymer of two or
more (meth)acrylic acid compounds; a copolymer of a (meth)acrylic
acid compound and other copolymerizable monomers; and the like can
be given.
[0028] The polyacrylonitrile polymer is a polymer including at
least a repeating unit derived from an acrylonitrile compound.
[0029] As examples of the acrylonitrile compound, acrylonitrile,
methacrylonitrile, and the like can be given.
[0030] As a specific examples of the polyacrylonitrile polymer, a
homopolymer of acrylonitrile; a copolymer of acrylonitrile and a
monomer copolymerisable with acrylonitrile; and the like can be
given.
[0031] As examples of the monomer copolymerisable with
acrylonitrile, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, styrene,
vinyl acetate, glycidyl methacrylate, divinylbenzene, polyethylene
glycol (n=1 to 9) dimethacrylate, and the like can be given.
[0032] The vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer is a polymer
including a repeating unit derived from a vinyl alicyclic
hydrocarbon compound.
[0033] As examples of the vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon compound,
vinylcycloalkanes such as vinylcyclopentane, vinylcyclohexane, and
vinylcyclooctane; vinylcycloalkenes such as vinylcyclopentene,
vinylcyclohexene, and vinylcyclooctene; and the like can be
given.
[0034] As specific examples of the vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon
polymer, a polymer of a vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon compound and a
hydrogenated product thereof; a polymer of a vinyl aromatic
hydrocarbon compound (e.g. styrene and .alpha.-methylstyrene) of
which the aromatic ring is hydrogenated; and the like can be
given.
[0035] When the vinyl aromatic polymer, the poly(meth)acrylate
polymer, the polyacrylonitrile polymer, the vinyl alicyclic
hydrocarbon polymer, and the hydrogenated product thereof are
copolymers, these copolymers may be a random copolymer or a block
copolymer such as a diblock copolymer, a triblock copolymer, a
multiblock copolymer including four or more blocks, or a gradient
block copolymer.
[0036] As the resin for the layer a, the vinyl aromatic polymer,
the poly(meth)acrylate polymer, the vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon
polymer, or the hydrogenated product thereof is preferable, with
polystyrene, a styrene-maleic acid copolymer, polymethyl
methacrylate, the vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer, or the
hydrogenated product thereof being more preferable.
(ii) Layer b
[0037] The thermoplastic resin forming the layer b is not
particularly limited insofar as the thermoplastic resin exhibits
high transparency and has a flexural modulus lower than that of the
layer a. It is preferable to use a thermoplastic resin having a
light transmittance of 80% or more and a haze value of 0.5% or
less.
[0038] As specific preferred examples of the thermoplastic resin
forming the layer b, an alicyclic structure-containing polymer, a
cellulose polymer, a polyester polymer, a polycarbonate polymer, a
polysulfone polymer, a polyethersulfone polymer, a vinyl aromatic
polymer, a polyolefin polymer, a polyvinyl alcohol polymer, a
polyvinyl chloride polymer, a poly(meth)acrylate polymer, and the
like can be given. These polymers may be used either individually
or in combination of two or more.
[0039] Of these polymers, the alicyclic structure-containing
polymer; the cellulose polymer such as cellulose diacetate,
cellulose triacetate, and cellulose acetate butyrate; the polyester
polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybuthylene
terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate are preferable due to
excellent transparency and the like. It is more preferable to use
the alicyclic structure-containing polymer, cellulose triacetate,
or polyethylene terephthalate from the viewpoint of transparency,
dimensional stability, and reduced weight, with the alicyclic
structure-containing polymer being particularly preferable from the
viewpoint of low hygroscopicity and dimensional stability.
[0040] The alicyclic structure-containing polymer includes an
alicyclic structure in the repeating unit of the polymer. As the
alicyclic structure-containing polymer, a polymer including an
alicyclic structure in the main chain or a polymer including an
alicyclic structure in the side chain may be used.
[0041] As examples of the alicyclic structure, a cycloalkane
structure, a cycloalkene structure, and the like can be given. Of
these, the cycloalkane structure is preferable from the viewpoint
of thermal stability and the like. The number of carbon atoms
forming the alicyclic structure is not particularly limited. The
number of carbon atoms is usually 4 to 30, preferably 5 to 20, and
still more preferably 5 to 15. If the number of carbon atoms
forming the alicyclic structure is within the above range, a
polarizer plate exhibiting excellent heat resistance and
flexibility can be obtained.
[0042] The content of the repeating unit having the alicyclic
structure in the alicyclic structure-containing polymer may be
arbitrarily selected depending on the application. The content of
the repeating unit having the alicyclic structure is usually 50 wt
% or more, preferably 70 wt % or more, and still more preferably 90
wt % or more. If the content of the repeating unit having the
alicyclic structure is too low, heat resistance may be decreased. A
repeating unit in the alicyclic structure-containing polymer other
than the repeating unit having the alicyclic structure is
arbitrarily selected depending on the application.
[0043] As specific examples of the alicyclic structure-containing
polymer, a norbornene polymer, a monocyclic olefin polymer, a
cyclic conjugated diene polymer, a hydrogenated product thereof,
and the like can be given. Of these, the norbornene polymer is
preferable from the viewpoint of transparency and moldability.
[0044] As specific examples of the norbornene polymer, a
ring-opening polymer of norbornene monomers, a ring-opening
copolymer of a norbornene monomer and a monomer which can undergo
ring-opening copolymerization with the norbornene monomer,
hydrogenated products of these copolymers, an addition polymer of
norbornene monomers, an addition polymer of a norbornene monomer
and a monomer which can undergo addition copolymerization with the
norbornene monomer, and the like can be given. Of these, the
hydrogenated product of the ring-opening (co)polymer of norbornene
monomers is preferable from the viewpoint of transparency.
[0045] As examples of the norbornene monomer,
bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (common name: norbornene),
tricyclo[4.3.0.1.sup.2,5]deca-3,7-diene (common name:
dicyclopentadiene), 7,8-benzotricyclo[4.3.0.1.sup.2,5]dec-3-ene
(common name: methanotetrahydrofluorene),
tetracyclo[4.4.0.1.sup.2,5.1.sup.7,10]dodec-3-ene (common name:
tetracyclododecene), derivatives (e.g. derivative including a
substituent on the ring) of these compounds, and the like can be
given. As examples of the substituent, an alkyl group, an alkylene
group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carboxyl group, and the like can
be given. The same or different substituents may be bonded to the
ring in combination. The norbornene monomers may be used either
individually or in combination of two or more.
[0046] As examples of the monomer which can undergo ring-opening
copolymerization with the norbornene monomer, monocyclic olefins
such as cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and cyclooctene, and derivatives
thereof; cyclic conjugated dienes such as cyclohexadiene and
cycloheptadiene, and derivatives thereof; and the like can be
given.
[0047] The ring-opening polymer of the norbornene monomers and the
ring-opening polymer of the norbornene monomer and the monomer
copolymerizable with the norbornene monomer may be obtained by
polymerizing the monomers in the presence of a ring-opening
polymerization catalyst.
[0048] As the ring-opening polymerization catalyst, a known
catalyst may be used.
[0049] As examples of the monomer which can undergo addition
copolymerization with the norbornene monomer, .alpha.-olefins
having 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as ethylene and propylene, and
derivatives thereof; cycloolefins such as cyclobutene and
cyclopentene, and derivatives thereof; nonconjugated dienes such as
1,4-hexadiene; and the like can be given. These monomers may be
used either individually or in combination of two or more. Of
these, the .alpha.-olefins are preferable, with ethylene being
still more preferable.
[0050] The addition polymer of the norbornene monomers and the
addition polymer of the norbornene monomer and the monomer
copolymerizable with the norbornene monomer may be obtained by
polymerizing the monomers in the presence of an addition
polymerization catalyst. As the addition polymerization catalyst, a
known catalyst may be used.
[0051] The hydrogenated products of the ring-opening polymer of the
norbornene monomers, the ring-opening copolymer of the norbornene
monomer and the monomer which can undergo ring-opening
copolymerization with the norbornene monomer, the addition polymer
of the norbornene monomers, and the addition copolymer of the
norbornene monomer and the monomer which can undergo addition
copolymerization with the norbornene monomer may be obtained by
adding a known hydrogenation catalyst to the unhydrogenated polymer
and hydrogenating the carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds in an amount
of preferably 90% or more.
[0052] As examples of the monocyclic olefin polymer, addition
polymers of cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and cyclooctene can be
given.
[0053] As examples of the cyclic conjugated diene polymer,
1,2-addition or 1,4-addition polymers of cyclic conjugated diene
monomers such as cyclopentadiene and cyclohexadiene can be
given.
[0054] The weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic
resin forming each of the layers a and b is usually 10,000 to
300,000, preferably 15,000 to 250,000, and more preferably 20,000
to 200,000. When producing the protective layer A in the shape of a
film using the thermoplastic resins having a weight average
molecular weight within the above range, the mechanical strength
and the formability of the film are well balanced.
[0055] The weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic
resin forming each of the layers a and b may be determined as a
polyisoprene-reduced (polystyrene-reduced when using toluene)
weight average molecular weight measured by gel permeation
chromatography using cyclohexane (toluene when the thermoplastic
resin is not dissolved in cyclohexane) as a solvent.
[0056] The glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin
forming each of the layers a and b may be arbitrarily selected
depending on the application. The glass transition temperature of
the thermoplastic resin is preferably 80.degree. C. or more, and
more preferably 100 to 250.degree. C. If the glass transition
temperature of the thermoplastic resin is within the above range,
the resulting protective layer A in the shape of a film does not
produce deformation and stress during use at a high temperature and
a high humidity and exhibits excellent durability.
[0057] The molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular
weight (Mw)/number average molecular weight (Mn)) of the
thermoplastic resin forming each of the layers a and b is usually
1.0 to 10.0, preferably 1.0 to 6.0, and more preferably 1.1 to 4.0.
The mechanical strength and the formability of the resulting
protective layer A are well balanced by adjusting the molecular
weight distribution in the above range.
[0058] The molecular weight distribution of the thermoplastic resin
forming each of the layers a and b may be measured by the
above-mentioned gel permeation chromatography.
(Flexural Modulus)
[0059] The protective layer A of the polarizer plate of the present
invention includes at least the layer a and the layer b, the layer
a has a flexural modulus higher than that of the layer b.
[0060] The term "flexural modulus" refers to the ratio of load and
deflection when applying a flexural load to an object. In more
detail, when strains at two specific points are .epsilon.1 and
.epsilon.2 and stress corresponding to these strains are .rho.1 and
.rho.2, the term "flexural modulus" refers to a value obtained by
dividing the difference in stress (.rho.2-.rho.1) by the difference
in strain (.epsilon.2-.epsilon.1).
[0061] In general, a polymer exhibiting high tenacity has a low
flexural modulus, and a polymer exhibiting high surface hardness
has a high flexural modulus. The present invention provides a
polarizer plate exhibiting high tenacity and high surface hardness
by forming the protective layer A using the layer a which has a
relatively high flexural modulus and exhibits high surface hardness
and the layer b which has a relatively low flexural modulus and
exhibits excellent tenacity in combination. In this case, the layer
a is disposed closer to the viewer than the layer b, if
necessary.
[0062] It suffices that the layer a have a flexural modulus
relatively higher than that of the layer b. In order to obtain a
polarizer plate exhibiting higher tenacity and higher surface
hardness, it is preferable that the layer a have a flexural modulus
of 3 GPa or more, and preferably 3 to 4 GPa, and the layer b have a
flexural modulus of less than 3 GPa, and preferably 0.1 to 3 GPa.
If the flexural modulus of the layer a exceeds 4 GPa, opacity or
melt viscosity may be increased, whereby it may become difficult to
form a film. If the flexural modulus of the layer b is less than
0.1 GPa, melt viscosity may be decreased, whereby it may become
difficult to form a film.
[0063] The difference in flexural modulus between the layers a and
b is not particularly limited insofar as the layer a has a flexural
modulus relatively higher than that of the layer b. The difference
in flexural modulus between the layers a and b is preferably 0.2 to
2.5 GPa, and more preferably 0.5 to 2.0 GPa. If the difference in
flexural modulus between the layers a and b is too small, the
balance between the tenacity and the surface hardness of the
resulting polarizer plate may deteriorate. If the difference in
flexural modulus between the layers a and b is too large, it may be
difficult to form a uniform film when molding the protective layer
A.
[0064] As examples of a preferred combination of the layers a and
b, vinyl aromatic polymer/alicyclic structure-containing polymer
and poly(meth)acrylate polymer/alicyclic structure-containing
polymer (layer a/layer b) can be given, since the water vapor
transmission rate, tenacity, and surface hardness of the protective
layer A are well balanced. In particular, combinations of
polystyrene/alicyclic structure-containing polymer, styrene-maleic
acid copolymer/alicyclic structure-containing polymer, and
polymethyl methacrylate/alicyclic structure-containing polymer are
preferable.
[0065] It suffices that the protective layer A be a laminate
including at least the layers a and b. The protective layer A may
include a layer c (third layer) opposite to the layer a through the
layer b, or may include a layer x (intermediate layer) optionally
provided between the layers a and b.
[0066] The layer c is provided in order to prevent an
antireflection film from curling, and may be formed of a material
exhibiting affinity with the resin forming the layer a and the
resin forming the layer b. As an example of the layer c, a layer
formed of a thermoplastic resin having high transparency and
exhibiting affinity with the resin forming the layer a and the
resin forming the layer b can be given. The layer c may be formed
of the same resin as the layer a or b.
[0067] The layer c cannot prevent curling if the thickness of the
layer c is too small or too great. The thickness of the layer c is
usually 5 to 100 .mu.m, and preferably 10 to 50 .mu.m.
[0068] The layer x may be formed of a resin exhibiting affinity
with the resin forming the layer a and the resin forming the layer
b. As examples of the material for the layer x, a polyesterurethane
resin, a polyetherurethane resin, a polyisocyanate resin, a
polyolefin copolymer, a resin having a hydrocarbon skeleton in the
main chain, a polyamide resin, an acrylic resin, a vinyl
chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, chlorinated rubber, cyclized
rubber, a modified product obtained by introducing a polar group
into these polymers, a hydrogenated product of a vinyl aromatic
compound-conjugated diene block copolymer, and the like can be
given. Of these, the hydrogenated product of a vinyl aromatic
compound-conjugated diene block copolymer, such as a hydrogenated
product of a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS
copolymer) or a modified product thereof, or the polyolefin
copolymer or a modified product thereof is preferably used.
[0069] As examples of the polyolefin copolymer, an
ethylene-(meth)acrylate copolymer such as an ethylene-methyl
(meth)acrylate copolymer and an ethylene-ethyl (meth)acrylate
copolymer; a ternary copolymer obtained by copolymerizing ethylene,
(meth)acrylic acid ester, and another copolymerisable monomer (e.g.
propylene, maleic acid, or vinyl acetate); an ethylene-vinyl
acetate copolymer; an ethylene-styrene copolymer; an
ethylene-glycidyl (meth)acrylate copolymer; and the like can be
given.
[0070] As examples of the method of introducing a polar group into
the polyolefin copolymer, oxidation, saponification, chlorination,
chlorosulfonation, addition of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and
the like can be given. Of these, the addition of an unsaturated
carboxylic acid is preferably used.
[0071] The method of producing the protective layer A is not
particularly limited. For example, (i) a method including
separately forming the layers a and b and stacking the layers a and
b through the layer x by means of dry lamination to obtain a
laminate, (ii) a method including forming the layers a and b by
means of coextrusion to obtain a laminate, and the like can be
given.
[0072] In particular, the coextrusion method (ii) is preferable
since the method (ii) allows provision of a laminate having a large
interlayer peel strength and exhibits excellent production
efficiency. When producing the protective layer A using the
coextrusion method, the layers a and b are formed by extruding the
resin material for the layer a and the resin material for the layer
b from a die for multilayer using a plurality of extruders.
[0073] When producing the protective layer A by coextrusion, an
additive may be added in advance to the layer a, the layer b and/or
the layer c in such an amount that the object of the present
invention is not impaired.
[0074] The additive which may be used is not particularly limited.
As examples of the additive, a layer crystal compound; an inorganic
particle; a stabilizer such as an antioxidant, a thermal
stabilizer, a light stabilizer, a weatherability stabilizer, a UV
absorber, and a near-infrared ray absorber; a resin modifier such
as a lubricant and a plasticizer; a coloring agent such as a dye
and a pigment; an antistatic agent; and the like can be given.
These additives may be used either individually or in combination
of two or more. The amount of the additive may be arbitrarily
determined insofar as the object of the present invention is not
impaired.
[0075] The total thickness of the resulting protective layer A is
usually 30 to 200 .mu.m, preferably 40 to 150 .mu.m, and
particularly preferably 50 to 100 .mu.m.
[0076] The thickness of the layer a included in the protective
layer A is usually 5 to 100 .mu.m, and preferably 10 to 50 .mu.m.
If the thickness of the layer a is less than the above range,
surface hardness may not be increased. If the thickness of the
layer a exceeds the above range, the film may become fragile.
[0077] The thickness of the layer b is usually 5 to 100 .mu.m, and
preferably 10 to 50 .mu.m. If the thickness of the layer b is less
than the above range, the film may become fragile. If the thickness
of the layer b exceeds the above range, the transparency of the
film may deteriorate. Moreover, the thickness of the entire
polarizer plate may be increased, whereby a reduction in size of a
display may be hindered.
[0078] When the protective layer A includes the layer x as the
intermediate layer, the thickness of the layer x is usually 0.1 to
20 .mu.m, and preferably 1 to 15 .mu.m. If the thickness of the
layer x exceeds 20 .mu.m, surface hardness may not be
increased.
[0079] In the polarizer plate of the present invention, it is
preferable that the protective layer A have a low water vapor
transmission rate. The water vapor transmission rate of the
protective layer A is preferably 10 g/daym.sup.2 or less, more
preferably 8 g/daym.sup.2 or less, and particularly preferably 6
g/daym.sup.2 or less. The degree of polarization of the polarizer
gradually decreases as the polarizer absorbs water in air.
Therefore, a polarizer plate exhibiting excellent durability can be
obtained by bonding the protective layer A with a low water vapor
transmission rate to the polarizer. The water vapor transmission
rate may be measured using a method in accordance with JIS
K7209.
[0080] FIGS. 1(a) to 1(f) show specific examples of the layer
configuration of the protective layer A. In FIGS. 1(a) to 1(f), a
symbol 1a indicates the layer a, a symbol 1b indicates the layer b,
a symbol 1c indicates the layer c, and a symbol 1x indicates the
adhesive layer (layer x).
[0081] FIG. 1(a) shows a protective layer A (10A) having a
two-layer structure formed of the layers a and b, FIG. 1(b) shows a
protective layer A (10B) having a three-layer structure formed of
the layers a, b, and a, FIG. 1(c) shows a protective layer A (10C)
having a three-layer structure formed of the layers a, b, and c,
FIG. 1(d) shows a protective layer A (10D) having a three-layer
structure formed of the layers a, x, and b, FIG. 1(e) shows a
protective layer A (10E) having a five-layer structure formed of
the layers a, x, b, x, and a, and FIG. 1(f) shows a protective
layer A (10F) having a five-layer structure formed of the layers a,
x, b, x, and c. The protective layer A forming the polarizer plate
of the present invention is not limited to the configurations shown
in FIGS. 1(a) to 1(f). It suffices that the protective layer A
include at least the layers a and b.
[0082] Of these, the protective layer A (10D) having a three-layer
structure formed of the layers a, x, and b shown in FIG. 1(d) and
the protective layer A (10E) having a five-layer structure formed
of the layers a, x, b, x, and a shown in FIG. 1(e) are preferable,
since a polarizer plate exhibiting high tenacity and high surface
hardness can be obtained.
(2) Polarizer
[0083] The polarizer used in the polarizer plate of the present
invention is not particularly limited insofar as the polarizer has
a polarizer function. As examples of the polarizer, polarizers
formed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyene can be given.
[0084] The method of producing the polarizer is not particularly
limited. As examples of the method of producing a PVA polarizer, a
method including causing an iodine ion to be adsorbed on a PVA film
and uniaxially stretching the PVA film, a method including
uniaxially stretching a PVA film and causing an iodine ion to be
adsorbed on the PVA film, a method including causing an iodine ion
to be adsorbed on a PVA film while uniaxially stretching the PVA
film, a method including dyeing a PVA film with a dichroic dye and
uniaxially stretching the PVA film, a method including uniaxially
stretching a PVA film and dyeing the PVA film with a dichroic dye,
and a method including dyeing a PVA film with a dichroic dye while
uniaxially stretching the PVA film can be given.
[0085] As examples of the method of producing a polyene polarizer,
known methods such as a method including uniaxially stretching a
PVA film and heating/dehydrating the PVA film in the presence of a
dehydration catalyst, and a method including uniaxially stretching
a polyvinyl chloride film and heating/dehydrating the polyvinyl
chloride film in the presence of a hydrochloric acid removal
catalyst can be given.
(3) Protective Layer B
[0086] The protective layer B of the polarizer plate of the present
invention is a layer exhibiting high transparency and having a
function of protecting the polarizer. It is preferable that the
protective layer B be a layer exhibiting a variation in in-plane
retardation (.DELTA.R) within .+-.2%.
[0087] When the in-plane main refractive indices of the film are nx
and ny and the thickness of the film is d (nm), the in-plane
retardation (Re) of the film can calculated by Re=(nx-ny).times.d.
When the in-plane main refractive indices of the film are nx and
ny, the refractive index in the direction of the thickness of the
film is nz, and the thickness of the film is d (nm), the in-plane
retardation (Rth) in the direction of the thickness of the film can
calculated by Rth=((nx+ny)/2-nz).times.d.
[0088] The refractive indices (nx, ny, nz) are measured five times
at five arbitrary places in the film plane using a known automatic
birefringence meter, the retardations (Re, Rth) are calculated
using the measurement results, and the average value of the
calculation results is taken as the representative retardation.
[0089] The variation in retardation (.DELTA.R) may be calculated by
the following expression (1) or (2). The largest value obtained by
the expressions (1) and (2) is taken as the variation in
retardation (AR). R is the representative retardation, Rmin is the
minimum retardation, and Rmax is the maximum retardation.
.DELTA.R=(R-Rmin)/R.times.100(%) (1)
.DELTA.R=(R-Rmax)/R.times.100(%) (2)
[0090] As examples of a resin forming the protective layer B, an
alicyclic structure-containing polymer, a cellulose resin, a
polycarbonate resin, and the like can be given. Of these, the
alicyclic structure-containing polymer and the cellulose resin are
preferable due to excellent transparency, birefringence,
dimensional stability, and the like, with the alicyclic
structure-containing polymer being particularly preferable.
[0091] As examples of the alicyclic structure-containing polymer
and the cellulose resin, the resins given as examples for the layer
b of the protective layer A can be given.
[0092] The polycarbonate resin is a thermoplastic resin having a
carbonate bond and obtained by reacting an aromatic dihydric phenol
compound and phosgene or a carbonic acid diester. As examples of
the dihydric phenol compound, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane,
2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propane,
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane,
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane,
2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-diphenyl)butane,
2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-diethylphenyl)propane,
2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-diethylphenyl)propane,
1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane,
1-phenyl-1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, and the like can be
given.
[0093] The protective layer B need not exhibit birefringence. A
layer exhibiting birefringence is not particularly limited insofar
as the layer exhibits a retardation due to birefringence. For
example, a layer obtained by providing a transparent resin layer
with birefringence by stretching or the like, a liquid crystal
polymer oriented film, and a layer obtained by causing an
anisotropic material such as a liquid crystal polymer to be
oriented on an oriented film such as a transparent resin layer. Of
these, a layer obtained by providing a transparent resin layer with
birefringence by stretching or the like is preferable.
[0094] The stretching for providing a transparent resin layer with
birefringence may be performed using an arbitrary method such as
uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching using a free end or a
fixed end. In the present invention, a film oriented in the
thickness direction, a film in which the direction of the main
refractive index in the thickness direction is inclined with
respect to the normal direction of the film, or the like may also
be used as the layer exhibiting birefringence.
[0095] The protective layer B may be formed of a single layer or
may be a laminate formed of a plurality of layers. The thickness of
the protective layer B is usually 20 to 300 .mu.m, and preferably
40 to 200 .mu.m.
(4) Polarizer Plate
[0096] In the polarizer plate of the present invention, at least
the protective layer A, the polarizer, and the protective layer B
are stacked in that order.
[0097] The polarizer plate of the present invention may be produced
by stacking the polarizer on one side of a transparent film (B)
forming the protective layer B, and stacking a transparent film (A)
forming the protective layer A on the polarizer so that the layer a
of the film is disposed on the surface, for example.
[0098] The transparent films (A) and (B) and the polarizer may be
stacked using an arbitrary bonding means such as an adhesive or a
pressure-sensitive adhesive. As examples of the adhesive or the
pressure-sensitive adhesive, an acrylic, silicone, polyester,
polyurethane, polyether, or rubber adhesive or pressure-sensitive
adhesive can be given. Of these, the acrylic adhesive or
pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferable from the viewpoint of
heat resistance, transparency, and the like.
[0099] In the present invention, the transparent films (A) and (B),
which are subjected to surface modification on one side or each
side, may also be used. Adhesion to the polarizer can be improved
by using a transparent film subjected to surface modification.
[0100] As examples of surface modification, an energy ray
irradiation treatment, a chemical treatment, and the like can be
given.
[0101] As examples of the energy ray irradiation treatment, a
corona discharge treatment, a plasma treatment, an electron beam
irradiation treatment, an ultraviolet radiation irradiation
treatment, and the like can be given. Of these, the corona
discharge treatment and the plasma treatment are preferable in view
of the treatment efficiency and the like, with the corona discharge
treatment being particularly preferable. As the chemical treatment,
a method can be given in which the transparent film is immersed in
an oxidizing agent aqueous solution such as potassium dichromate
solution or concentrated sulfuric acid, and sufficiently washed
with water. It is effective to shake the container in a state in
which the transparent film is immersed in the oxidizing agent
aqueous solution. However, the surface of the transparent film may
be dissolved or the transparency of the transparent film may be
decreased if the transparent film is chemically treated for a long
time. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the treatment time and
the like depending on the reactivity, concentration, and the like
of the chemical used.
[0102] In the polarizer plate of the present invention, it suffices
that at least the protective layer A, the polarizer, and the
protective layer B be stacked in that order. If necessary, a primer
layer, a hard coating layer, an antireflective layer, a stainproof
layer, or the like may be additionally formed on the surface of the
protective layer A (i.e. the side opposite to the protective layer
B).
[0103] The primer layer is formed to provide and increase the
adhesion between the transparent film (A) and the hard coating
layer or a high-refractive-index layer formed on the transparent
film (A).
[0104] As examples of the material for the primer layer, a
polyesterurethane resin, a polyetherurethane resin, a
polyisocyanate resin, a polyolefin resin, a resin having a
hydrocarbon skeleton in the main chain, a polyamide resin, an
acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate
copolymer, chlorinated rubber, cyclized rubber, a modified product
obtained by introducing a polar group into these polymers, and the
like can be given.
[0105] Of these, it is preferable to use the modified product of
the resin having a hydrocarbon skeleton in the main chain and the
modified product of the cyclized rubber. As examples of the resin
having a hydrocarbon skeleton in the main chain, a resin having a
polybutadiene skeleton or a resin having an at least partially
hydrogenated polybutadiene skeleton can be given. As specific
examples of these resins, a polybutadiene resin, a hydrogenated
polybutadiene resin, a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer
(SBS copolymer), a hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene block
copolymer (SEBS copolymer), and the like can be given. Of these, a
modified product of the hydrogenated product of the
styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer may be suitably used. As
the compound for introducing a polar group used to obtain the
modified polymer, a carboxylic acid or its derivative is
preferable.
[0106] The method of forming the primer layer is not particularly
limited. For example, the primer layer is formed by applying a
coating liquid for forming the primer layer to the film using a
known coating method. The thickness of the primer layer is usually
0.01 to 5 .mu.m, and preferably 0.1 to 2 .mu.m.
[0107] When using a transparent film subjected to surface
modification as the transparent film (A) forming the protective
layer A, the primer layer may be omitted.
[0108] The hard coating layer is formed to increase the surface
hardness, cycle fatigue resistance, and scratch resistance of the
transparent plastic film. The material for the hard coating layer
is not particularly limited insofar as the material exhibits a
hardness of "HB" or more in a pencil hardness test defined in JIS
K5400. As examples of the material for the hard coating layer, an
organic hard coating material such as an organosilicone material, a
melamine material, an epoxy material, and an acrylic material; an
inorganic hard coating material such as silicon dioxide; and the
like can be given. It is preferable to use a polyfunctional
acrylate hard coating material from the viewpoint of excellent
adhesion and productivity.
[0109] The method of forming the hard coating layer is not
particularly limited. For example, the hard coating layer may be
formed by applying a coating liquid for forming the hard coating
layer to the film using a known coating method and curing the
coating liquid by applying ultraviolet rays. The thickness of the
hard coating layer is usually 0.5 to 30 .mu.m, and preferably 3 to
15 .mu.m, although the thickness of the hard coating layer is not
particularly limited.
[0110] When the layer a included in the protective layer A is a
layer exhibiting high surface hardness, the layer a may be allowed
to function as the hard coating layer.
[0111] Various additives may be optionally added to the materials
for the primer layer and the hard coating layer. The additive is
not particularly limited, and an additive generally used for a
thermoplastic resin material may be utilized. As examples of the
additive, an antioxidant, a UV absorber, a light stabilizer, a
coloring agent, a lubricant, a plasticizer, an antistatic agent,
and the like can be given.
[0112] The antireflective layer is a layer having a function of
suppressing reflection at the interface and improving the light
transmittance. As the antireflective layer, an antireflective layer
having a known layer configuration may be employed. As examples of
the antireflective layer, an antireflective layer formed of a layer
having a relatively low refractive index, an antireflective layer
formed by stacking a layer having a relatively high refractive
index and a layer having a relatively low refractive index, and the
like can be given.
[0113] The method of forming the antireflective layer is not
particularly limited. For example, an antireflective layer in which
a low-refractive-index layer formed of a fluororesin and a
high-refractive-index layer formed of a thermoplastic resin are
stacked (see JP-A-9-227713, JP-A-11-30706, and U.S. Pat. No.
6,129,980), an antireflective layer including a
low-refractive-index layer formed of a fluororesin and a
high-refractive-index layer formed by sintering an antimony sol
(see JP-A-11-72602), an antireflective layer including a
high-refractive-index layer including an activated energy
ray-curable resin and inorganic oxide particles and having a
refractive index of the entire layer of 1.55 or more and a
low-refractive-index layer having a refractive index of 1.36 or
less and provided on the high-refractive-index layer (see Japanese
Patent Application No. 2004-153332), a low-refractive-index layer
having a refractive index of 1.25 to 1.36 and a reflectance of 50%
or less after a steel wool test (see Japanese Patent Application
No. 2004-133542), and the like can be given.
[0114] When the hard coating layer has a high refractive index, the
hard coating layer may be allowed to function as the antireflective
layer. When the protective layer A has a high refractive index, the
protective layer A may be allowed to function as the hard coating
layer and the antireflective layer.
[0115] The stainproof layer is a layer for suppressing stain of
oils and fats such as fingerprints and improving wiping properties
when stain of oils and fats has occurred. As the index for
evaluating the properties of the stainproof layer, the contact
angle with pure water can be given. A stainproof layer having a
contact angle with pure water of 90.degree. or more, preferably
100.degree. or more is preferable.
[0116] The material for the stainproof layer is not particularly
limited. A known material may be used as the material for the
stainproof layer. In particular, a layer formed of an organosilicon
compound or a fluorine compound can be conveniently used. As
specific examples of the stainproof layer, layers formed of
perfluorosilane, fluorocarbon, an organosilicon compound having a
fluoroalkyl group or a fluorocycloalkyl group, a
fluorine-containing epoxy polymer, an epoxy group-containing
fluorosilicon polymer, a fluorine-containing acrylate, a
fluorine-containing methacrylate, a fluorine-containing fumaric
acid diester, a fluorine-containing unsaturated dibasic acid
diester, a silanol-terminated organic polysiloxane, a
fluoroalkylacyl group-containing polysiloxane, a copolymer of
perfluoroalkyl acrylate or perfluoroalkyl methacrylate and a
monomer having an alkoxysilane group, a copolymer of acrylate or
methacrylate having a long-chain fluoroalkyl group and a
silicon-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer, a copolymer
of organic silazane having a long-chain perfluoroalkyl group or
perfluoroalkyl ether group, a compound containing a fluorine
surfactant, and the like can be given.
[0117] The thickness of the stainproof layer is usually 50 nm or
less. The method of forming the stainproof layer is not
particularly limited. A known method may be used depending on the
material used for the stainproof layer. For example, the stainproof
layer may be formed using a general coating method including a
physical vapor deposition method such as evaporation, sputtering,
or ion plating, a vacuum process such as chemical vapor deposition
(CVD) or plasma polymerization, and a wet process such as
microgravure, screen coating, or dip coating.
[0118] When the stainproof layer has a low refractive index, the
stainproof layer may be allowed to function as the
low-refractive-index layer of the antireflective layer.
[0119] FIGS. 2 to 4 show examples of the layer configuration of the
polarizer plate of the present invention. A polarizer plate (100)
shown in FIG. 2 has a structure in which a polarizer (20) is
stacked on a protective layer B (30), and a protective layer A
(10A) formed of a layer a (1a) and a layer b (1b) is stacked on the
polarizer (20) so that the layer a (1a) is positioned on the viewer
side.
[0120] FIGS. 3(a) to 3(c) and FIGS. 4(d) to 4(f) show examples of a
polarizer plate having a structure in which other layers such as
the primer layer, the hard coating layer, the antireflective layer,
and the stainproof layer are stacked on the protective layer A
(10A) of the polarizer plate shown in FIG. 2. In FIGS. 3(a) to 3(c)
and FIGS. 4(d) to 4(f), only the protective layer A (10A) of the
polarizer plate shown in FIG. 2 is illustrated, and the polarizer
(20) and the protective layer B (30) are omitted.
[0121] In a polarizer plate (100A) shown in FIG. 3(a), a primer
layer (40), a hard coating layer (50), an antireflective layer
(60), and a stainproof layer (70) are stacked on the protective
layer A (10A) in that order. The antireflective layer (60) is
formed of a high-refractive-index layer (60b) and a
low-refractive-index layer (60a). Note that a high-refractive-index
layer or a low-refractive-index layer may be additionally stacked
on the low-refractive-index layer (60a).
[0122] In a polarizer plate (100B) shown in FIG. 3(b), a primer
layer (40), a high-refractive-index hard coating layer (55), a
low-refractive-index layer (60a), and a stainproof layer (70) are
stacked on the protective layer A (10A) in that order. In the
polarizer plate shown in FIG. 3(b), since the hard coating layer
has a high refractive index, the high-refractive-index hard coating
layer (55) is formed which allows the hard coating layer to
function as the high-refractive-index layer.
[0123] In a polarizer plate (100C) shown in FIG. 3(c), a primer
layer (40), a hard coating layer (50), a high-refractive-index
layer (60b), and a low-refractive-index stainproof layer (75) are
stacked on the protective layer A (10A) in that order. In the
polarizer plate shown in FIG. 3(c), since the stainproof layer has
a low refractive index, the low-refractive-index stainproof layer
(75) is formed which allows the stainproof layer to function as the
low-refractive-index layer.
[0124] In a polarizer plate (100D) shown in FIG. 4(d), a hard
coating layer (50), an antireflective layer (60), and a stainproof
layer (70) are stacked on the protective layer A (10A) in that
order. In the polarizer plate shown in FIG. 4(d), the primer layer
is omitted by increasing the interlayer adhesion by subjecting the
surface of the protective layer A to surface modification.
[0125] In a polarizer plate (100E) shown in FIG. 4(e), a
high-refractive-index hard coating layer (55) and a
low-refractive-index stainproof layer (75) are stacked on the
protective layer A (10A) in that order. In the polarizer plate
shown in FIG. 4(e), the primer layer is omitted by increasing the
interlayer adhesion by subjecting the surface of the protective
layer A to surface modification, the hard coating layer is allowed
to function as the high-refractive-index layer, and the stainproof
layer is allowed to function as the low-refractive-index layer.
[0126] In a polarizer plate (100F) shown in FIG. 4(f), a
low-refractive-index stainproof layer (75) is stacked on the
protective layer A (10A). In the polarizer plate shown in FIG.
4(f), the primer layer is omitted by increasing the interlayer
adhesion by subjection the surface of the protective layer A to
surface modification, the protective layer A is allowed to function
as the hard coating layer and the high-refractive-index layer, and
the stainproof layer is allowed to function as the
low-refractive-index layer.
[0127] The polarizer plate of the present invention is not limited
to the configurations shown in FIG. 2, FIGS. 3(a) to 3(c), and
FIGS. 4(d) to 4(f). The polarizer plate of the present invention
may have various layer configurations without departing from the
spirit and the scope of the present invention. According to the
polarizer plates (100B) to (100F) shown in FIGS. 3(b), 3(c), and
4(d) to 4(f), particularly the polarizer plates (100E) and (100F)
shown in FIGS. 4(e) and (f), since the number of layers stacked can
be reduced, the thickness of the polarizer plate can be reduced,
and the production cost can be significantly reduced.
2) Liquid Crystal Display Device
[0128] A liquid crystal display device of the present invention
includes a light source, an incident-side polarizer plate, a liquid
crystal cell, and an exit-side polarizer plate, wherein the
incident-side polarizer plate and/or the exit-side polarizer plate
is the polarizer plate of the present invention.
[0129] The liquid crystal display device of the present invention
may include a light source, an incident-side polarizer plate, a
liquid crystal cell, and an exit-side polarizer plate in that
order, wherein only the incident-side polarizer plate may be the
polarizer plate of the present invention, only the exit-side
polarizer plate may be the polarizer plate of the present
invention, or the incident-side polarizer plate and the exit-side
polarizer plate may be the polarizer plates of the present
invention.
[0130] It is preferable that only the exit-side polarizer plate be
the polarizer plate of the present invention or the incident-side
polarizer plate and the exit-side polarizer plate be the polarizer
plates of the present invention.
[0131] In the liquid crystal display device of the present
invention, it is preferable that the incident-side polarizer plate
and/or the exit-side polarizer plate is the polarizer plate of the
present invention, and the polarizer plate be disposed so that the
layer a does not face the liquid crystal cell.
[0132] The liquid crystal display device of the present invention
may be formed to have a transmission or reflection structure in
which the polarizer plate of the present invention is disposed on
one side or each side of the liquid crystal cell, or an appropriate
known structure such as a semi-transmission structure. In the
present invention, stretching (orientation) for providing a
transparent resin layer with birefringence must be selectively
performed corresponding to the liquid crystal mode used for the
liquid crystal cell.
[0133] FIG. 5 shows part of a layer configuration example of a
liquid crystal display device including the polarizer plate of the
present invention. The liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.
5 includes a light source (not shown), a polarizer plate (110) as
an incident-side polarizer plate, a retardation plate (120), a
liquid crystal cell (130), and a polarizer plate (100) as an
exit-side polarizer plate in order from the bottom. In this
embodiment, the polarizer plate of the present invention is used as
the polarizer plate (100). The polarizer plate (100) is bonded to
the liquid crystal cell (130) through an adhesive or
pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (not shown). As shown in FIG. 6,
the liquid crystal cell (130) is formed by disposing two electrode
substrates 150 provided with a transparent electrode (140) at a
specific interval so that the transparent electrodes (140) face
each other, and sealing a liquid crystal (160) in the space between
the transparent electrodes (140), for example. In FIG. 6, a
reference numeral 170 indicates a sealing material.
[0134] The liquid crystal mode of the liquid crystal (160) is not
particularly limited. As examples of the liquid crystal mode, an
in-plane switching (IPS) mode, a vertical alignment (VA) mode, a
multi-vertical alignment (MVA) mode, s continuous pinwheel
alignment (CPA) mode, a twisted nematic (TN) mode, a super-twisted
nematic (STN) mode, a hybrid aligned nematic (HAN) mode, an optical
compensated bend (OCB) mode, and the like can be given.
[0135] The liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 5 may be
used in a normally white mode in which a bright display occurs at a
low applied voltage and a dark display occurs at a high applied
voltage and a normally black mode in which a dark display occurs at
a low applied voltage and a bright display occurs at a high applied
voltage.
[0136] When providing a polarizer plate or an optical element on
each side of the liquid crystal cell, the polarizer plates or the
optical elements may be the same or different. When forming the
liquid crystal display device, an appropriate element such as a
luminance increasing film, a prism sheet, a lens array sheet, a
light-guiding plate, a diffuser plate, or a backlight may be
disposed at an appropriate position in one or more layers.
[0137] Since the liquid crystal display device of the present
invention includes the polarizer plate of the present invention
which exhibits excellent tenacity and surface hardness, the liquid
crystal display device exhibits excellent tenacity and surface
hardness. A liquid crystal display device including a polarizer
plate of which the protective layer A has a water vapor
transmission rate of 10 g/daym.sup.2 or less exhibits excellent
durability.
EXAMPLES
[0138] The present invention is described below in more detail by
way of examples and comparative examples. Note that the present
invention is not limited to the following examples.
(1) Material
Resin a:
[0139] Polymethyl methacrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as "PMMA",
Acrypet VH001 manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.)
Polystyrene (hereinafter abbreviated as "PS", Toyo Styrol GP. G320C
manufactured by Toyo-Styrene Co., Ltd.)
Resin b:
[0140] Norbornene resin (hereinafter abbreviated as "NB", ZEONOR
1060 manufactured by Zeon Corporation) Polycarbonate resin
(hereinafter abbreviated as "PC", Panlite K-1300Y and manufactured
by Teijin Chemicals Ltd.) Triacetyl cellulose (hereinafter
abbreviated as "TAC", thickness: 40 .mu.m, KC40X2M and manufactured
by Konica Minolta)
Adhesive Layer:
[0141] Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as
"EVA1", EVAFLEX manufactured by Du pont-Mitsui Polychemicals Co.,
Ltd.) Modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (hereinafter
abbreviated as "EVA2", Mitsubishi Modic AP543 manufactured by
Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation)
(2) Measurement of Flexural Modulus
[0142] The flexural moduli of the layers a and b of the protective
layer A were measured in accordance with JIS K7171 using a tensile
tester (autograph AG-100kNIS manufactured by Shimadzu
Corporation).
(3) Measurement of Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR)
[0143] The WVTR was measured in accordance with JIS K7209.
Example 1
(1) Production of Transparent Film (A1) Forming Protective Layer
A
[0144] PMMA was supplied to a hopper provided to a double-flight
50-mm single-screw extruder (ratio of screw effective length L to
screw diameter D (L/D)=28) equipped with a leaf-disk polymer filter
with a pore diameter of 10 .mu.m. The molten resin was supplied to
a multi-manifold die with a die lip surface roughness Ra of 0.1
.mu.m at an extruder exit temperature of 260.degree. C. and an
extruder gear pump rotational speed of 12 rpm.
[0145] NB was supplied to a double-flight 50-mm single-screw
extruder (L/D=30) equipped with a leaf-disk polymer filter with a
pore diameter of 10 .mu.m. The molten resin was supplied to a
multi-manifold die with a die lip surface roughness Ra of 0.1 .mu.m
at an extruder exit temperature of 260.degree. C. and an extruder
gear pump rotational speed of 6 rpm.
[0146] The molten PMMA (layer a), NB (layer b), and EVA (adhesive
layer=layer x) were discharged from the multi-manifold die at
260.degree. C. and cast onto a chill roll of which the temperature
was adjusted at 130.degree. C. The products were caused to pass
through a chill roll of which the temperature was adjusted at
50.degree. C. to obtain a coextruded transparent film (A1) with a
width of 600 mm and a thickness of 80 .mu.m formed of layer a (20
.mu.m)-layer x (4 .mu.m)-layer b (32 .mu.m)-layer x (4 .mu.m)-layer
a (20 .mu.m).
(2) Production of Transparent Film (B) Forming Protective Layer
B
[0147] A norbornene resin film (ZeonorFilm ZF-14-100 manufactured
by Zeon Corporation, thickness: 100 .mu.m) was simultaneously
biaxially stretched using a simultaneous biaxial stretching machine
at an oven temperature (preheating temperature, stretching
temperature, and thermosetting temperature) of 136.degree. C., a
longitudinal stretching factor of 1.41, and a horizontal stretching
factor of 1.41 to obtain a stretched film with a thickness of 89
.mu.m. The retardations (Re) and (Rth) of the resulting stretched
film were 20 nm and 300 nm, respectively. This stretched film
(transparent film (B)) was used as the protective layer B.
[0148] The in-plane retardation (Re) was measured as follows.
[0149] Specifically, the in-plane retardation (Re) was calculated
by Re=(nx-ny).times.d (nx and ny indicate the in-plane main
refractive indices of the film, and d indicates the thickness of
the film (nm)).
[0150] The retardation (Rth) in the direction of the thickness of
the film was calculated by Rth=((nx+ny)/2-nz).times.d (nx and ny
indicate the in-plane main refractive indices of the film, nz
indicates the refractive index in the direction of the thickness of
the film, and d indicates the thickness of the film (nm)).
[0151] The refractive indices (nx, ny, nz) were measured five times
at five arbitrary places in the film plane using an automatic
birefringence meter (KOBRA-21ADH manufactured by Oji Scientific
Instruments), the retardations (Re, Rth) were calculated using the
measurement results, and the average value of the calculation
results was taken as the representative retardation.
[0152] The variation in retardation (.DELTA.R) may be calculated by
the following expression (1) or (2). The largest value obtained by
the expressions (1) and (2) was taken as the variation in
retardation (.DELTA.R). R indicates the representative retardation,
Rmin indicates the minimum retardation, and Rmax indicates the
maximum retardation.
.DELTA.R=(R-Rmin)/R.times.100(%) (1)
.DELTA.R=(R-Rmax)/R.times.100(%) (2)
[0153] As a result of measurement, the variations in retardations
(Re) and (Rth) were within 2%, respectively.
(3) Production of Polarizer
[0154] A polyvinyl alcohol film (Kuraray Vinylon #7500 manufactured
by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) with a thickness of 75 .mu.m was secured
using a chuck and immersed in an aqueous solution of iodine (0.2
g/L) and potassium iodide (30 g/L) while subjecting the film to a
boric acid treatment for five minutes with uniaxial stretching by a
factor of 6.0. The film was dried at room temperature for 24 hours
to obtain a polarizer. The degree of polarization was 99.995%.
(4) Surface Treatment of Transparent Film (A1) and Transparent Film
(B)
[0155] The surfaces of the protective layers A and B were subjected
to a corona discharge treatment for three seconds using a
high-frequency generator (Corona Generator HV05-2 manufactured by
Tamtec) at an output voltage of 100% and an output of 250 W
utilizing a wire electrode with a diameter of 1.2 mm (length of
electrode: 240 mm, distance between electrodes: 1.5 mm).
(5) Production of Polarizer Plate
[0156] The polarizer was bonded to the surface of the protective
layer A subjected to the surface treatment through an acrylic
adhesive (DP-8005 Clear manufactured by Sumitomo 3M), and the
surface of the protective layer B subjected to the surface
treatment was bonded to the other surface of the polarizer through
an acrylic adhesive (DP-8005 Clear manufactured by Sumitomo 3M) to
obtain a polarizer plate.
(6) Installation of Polarizer Plate in LCD Monitor
[0157] A polarizer plate and a viewing angle compensation film
provided on either side of a liquid crystal cell were removed from
a commercially-available LCD monitor (20 V liquid crystal monitor,
TN mode, OCB mode, VA mode, MVA mode, and IPS mode), and the
polarizer plate 1 obtained as described above was bonded to obtain
an evaluation monitor.
Example 2
[0158] A coextruded transparent film (A2) with a width of 600 mm
and a thickness of 100 .mu.m formed of layer a (20 .mu.m)-layer x
(4 .mu.m)-layer b (52 .mu.m)-layer x (4 .mu.m)-layer a (20 .mu.m)
was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using PS
as the resin a instead of PMMA. A polarizer plate was produced and
installed in a liquid crystal monitor in the same manner as in
Example 1.
Example 3
[0159] A coextruded transparent film (A3) with a width of 600 mm
and a thickness of 100 .mu.m formed of layer a (30 .mu.m)-layer x
(4 .mu.m)-layer b (66 .mu.m) was obtained in the same manner as in
Example 1 instead of a five-layer transparent film formed of three
types of layers. A polarizer plate was produced and installed in a
liquid crystal monitor in the same manner as in Example 1 so that
the layer a was disposed on the viewer side.
Example 4
[0160] A coextruded transparent film (A4) with a width of 600 mm
and a thickness of 80 .mu.m formed of layer a (20 .mu.m)-layer x (4
.mu.m)-layer b (32 .mu.m)-layer x (4 .mu.m)-layer a (20 .mu.m) was
obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using PC as
the resin b instead of NB. A polarizer plate was produced and
installed in a liquid crystal monitor in the same manner as in
Example 1.
Example 5
[0161] In Example 1, TAC was used as the resin b instead of NB. A
10-wt % toluene solution of EVA2 was applied to each side of the
TAC film so that the thickness after drying was 3 .mu.m. A PMMA
film with a thickness of 20 .mu.m was pressure-laminated on each
side of the TAC film to obtain a transparent film (A5) with a width
of 600 mm and a thickness of 86 .mu.m formed of layer a (20
.mu.m)-layer x (3 .mu.m)-layer b (40 .mu.m)-layer x (3 .mu.m)-layer
a (20 .mu.m).
[0162] A polarizer plate was produced and installed in a liquid
crystal monitor in the same manner as in Example 1.
Comparative Example 1
[0163] A single-layer transparent film (A6) formed of PMMA and
having a thickness of 100 .mu.m was obtained as the protective
layer A. A polarizer plate was produced and installed in a liquid
crystal monitor in the same manner as in Example 1.
Comparative Example 2
[0164] A single-layer film transparent film (A7) formed of NB and
having a thickness of 100 .mu.m was obtained as the protective
layer A. A polarizer plate was produced and installed in a liquid
crystal monitor in the same manner as in Example 1. Tenacity and
surface hardness evaluation test
(1) Scratch Visibility Test
[0165] The surface hardness of the service side (layer a) of the
stacked film of the polarizer plate obtained in each of Examples 1
to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was measured in accordance
with HS K5600 at a load of 250 g using a pencil with a hardness of
2H.
[0166] The polarizer plate after measurement was disposed in the
liquid crystal monitor, and the liquid crystal monitor was caused
to display a white screen. The screen was diagonally observed at an
angle of 45.degree.. A case where pencil scratches were not
observed was evaluated as "Good", and a case where pencil scratches
were observed was evaluated as "Bad".
(2) Flexibility Evaluation Test
[0167] Each of the transparent films (A1) to (A7) (protective layer
A) obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was
punched to 1 cm.times.5 cm to obtain a sample film. As shown in
FIG. 7, the resulting sample film (10) was wound around a steel rod
(2) with a diameter of 3 mm, and whether or not the wound film (10)
broke around the rod (2) was determined. The tests were conducted
ten times, and the total number of tests in which the sample film
did not break was taken as the flexibility index.
[0168] Table 1 shows the types of resins a and b forming the layer
a, the flexural moduli of the layers a and b, the type of adhesive
resin forming the adhesive layer (layer x), the layer configuration
(thickness), and the WVTR of each of the transparent films (A1) to
(A5) obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and the transparent films (A6) and
(A7) obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Table 1 also shows
the scratch visibility test evaluation results and the flexibility
evaluation test results.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2
Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 1 Example 2 Resin a PMMA PS
PMMA PMMA PMMA PMMA NB Flexural modulus of layer a (GPa) 3.3 3.3
3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.1 Resin b NB NB NB PC TAC None None Flexural
modulus of layer b (GPa) 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4 -- -- Adhesive layer
(layer x) EVA1 EVA1 EVA1 EVA1 EVA2 None None Layer configuration
(thickness) (.mu.m) a/x/b/x/a a/x/b/x/a a/x/b a/x/b/x/a a/x/b/x/a a
a 20/4/32/4/20 20/4/52/4/20 30/4/66 20/4/32/4/20 20/3/40/3/20 100
100 Transparent film A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 WVTR (g/day m.sup.2) 4.0
3.5 3.2 6.0 9.0 14.0 1.5 Scratch visibility test Good Good Good
Good Good Good Bad Flexibility evaluation test 10 10 10 10 10 1
10
[0169] As shown in Table 1, the liquid crystal display devices
(Examples 1 to 5) including the polarizer plate in which the
stacked film (transparent films (A1) to (A5)) formed of the layer a
having a relatively high flexural modulus and the layer b having a
relatively low flexural modulus was the protective layer A
exhibited excellent results in the scratch visibility test and the
flexibility evaluation test. Therefore, it was found that these
liquid crystal display devices were provided with a polarizer plate
exhibiting high tenacity and high surface hardness.
[0170] On the other hand, the liquid crystal display device
(Comparative Example 1) including the polarizer plate in which the
transparent film (A6) formed only of PMMA having high surface
hardness was the protective layer A exhibited excellent results in
the scratch visibility test, but exhibited poor results in the
flexibility evaluation test (i.e. the polarizer plate exhibited
poor tenacity). The liquid crystal display device (Comparative
Example 2) including the polarizer plate in which the transparent
film (A7) formed only of NB having low surface hardness was the
protective layer A exhibited excellent results in the flexibility
evaluation test, but exhibited poor results in the scratch
visibility test (i.e. the polarizer plate exhibited low surface
hardness).
[0171] The transparent films (A1) to (A5) obtained in Examples 1 to
5 had a WVTR of 10 g/daym.sup.2 or less to exhibit excellent
moisture resistance. Therefore, a polarizer plate using the
transparent films (A1) to (A5) and a liquid crystal display device
including the polarizer plate also exhibit excellent
durability.
(3) Liquid Crystal Display Performance Evaluation Test
[0172] A liquid crystal display panel was removed from a
commercially-available LCD monitor (20 V liquid crystal monitor, TN
mode, OCB mode, VA mode, MVA mode, and IPS mode). A polarizer plate
and a viewing angle compensation film provided on a liquid crystal
cell on the viewer side were removed, and the polarizer plate
obtained in each of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and
2 was provided on the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal
display panel was caused to display white characters on a black
background. The line of sight was moved from the front in the
vertical and horizontal directions, and the angle at which the
white characters could not be read was measured.
[0173] The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
(4) Color Nonuniformity Evaluation Test
[0174] The liquid crystal display device prepared for the liquid
crystal display performance evaluation test was cause to display a
black screen and allowed to stand at a temperature of 60.degree. C.
and a humidity of 90% for 300 hours. The entire black display
screen was observed from the front in a darkroom, and evaluated
according to the following criteria.
Good: A uniform black display is formed over the entire screen
without leakage of light. Fair: Color nonuniformity of black
display is observed at the top, bottom, right, and left of the
frame. Bad: Leakage of light is observed at the top, bottom, right,
and left of the frame.
[0175] The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
(5) Bright Point Evaluation Test
[0176] The liquid crystal display device prepared for the liquid
crystal display performance evaluation test was cause to display a
black screen and allowed to stand at a temperature of 60.degree. C.
and a humidity of 90% for 300 hours. The entire display screen was
observed from the front in a darkroom, and the number of bright
points was counted. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Liquid Viewing angle Color Bright point
crystal Vertical Horizontal nonuniformity evaluation mode
(.degree.) (.degree.) evaluation (number) Example 1 TN 55 100 Good
0 Example 2 60 90 Good 0 Example 3 55 90 Good 0 Example 4 55 90
Good 0 Example 5 50 90 Good 0 Comparative Example 1 50 80 Fair 15
Comparative Example 2 50 80 Fair 25 Example 1 OCB 65 90 Good 0
Example 2 70 80 Good 0 Example 3 65 85 Good 0 Example 4 65 80 Good
0 Example 5 65 80 Good 0 Comparative Example 1 55 70 Fair 10
Comparative Example 2 60 75 Fair 15 Example 1 VA 90 100 Good 0
Example 2 85 95 Good 0 Example 3 85 95 Good 0 Example 4 85 95 Good
0 Example 5 85 95 Good 0 Comparative Example 1 75 85 Fair 7
Comparative Example 2 70 80 Fair 15 Example 1 MVA 35 120 Good 0
Example 2 40 110 Good 0 Example 3 35 120 Good 0 Example 4 40 120
Good 0 Example 5 40 120 Good 0 Comparative Example 1 25 100 Fair 20
Comparative Example 2 25 100 Fair 15 Example 1 IPS 60 130 Good 0
Example 2 65 130 Good 0 Example 3 60 125 Good 0 Example 4 60 130
Good 0 Example 5 60 130 Good 0 Comparative Example 1 50 120 Fair 17
Comparative Example 2 50 120 Fair 12
[0177] As shown in Table 2, the liquid crystal display devices
obtained using the polarizer plates of Examples 1 to 5 exhibited
excellent viewing angle characteristics in comparison with the
liquid crystal display devices obtained using the polarizer plates
of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 irrespective of the liquid crystal
mode. Even after being allowed to stand at a high temperature and a
high humidity for a long time (300 hours), the liquid crystal
display devices obtained using the polarizer plates of Examples 1
to 5 showed a small degree of color nonuniformity and did not
produce bright points.
[0178] On the other hand, the liquid crystal display devices
obtained using the polarizer plates of Comparative Examples 1 and 2
exhibited viewing angle characteristics equal to or inferior to the
liquid crystal display devices obtained using the polarizer plates
of the examples in all liquid crystal modes used in the test. The
liquid crystal display devices obtained using the polarizer plates
of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 showed color nonuniformity and
produced bright points after being allowed to stand at a high
temperature and a high humidity for a long time (300 hours).
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0179] According to the present invention, a polarizer plate having
a polarizer protection function and exhibiting excellent tenacity
and surface hardness and a liquid crystal display device including
the polarizer plate are provided.
[0180] The polarizer plate of the present invention in which the
protective layer A has a water vapor transmission rate of 10
g/daym.sup.2 or less and the liquid crystal display device
including the polarizer plate also exhibit excellent
durability.
* * * * *