U.S. patent application number 14/405513 was filed with the patent office on 2015-11-12 for novel comb copolymer and process for the preparation thereof.
This patent application is currently assigned to SOCIETE D'EXPLOITATION DE PRODUITS POUR LES INDUSTRIES CHIMIQUES SEPPIC. The applicant listed for this patent is SOCIETE D'EXPLOITATION DE PRO-DUITS POUR LES INDUSTRIES CHIMIQUES SEPPIC. Invention is credited to Olivier BRAUN, Paul MALLO.
Application Number | 20150322192 14/405513 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48670000 |
Filed Date | 2015-11-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150322192 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BRAUN; Olivier ; et
al. |
November 12, 2015 |
NOVEL COMB COPOLYMER AND PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF
Abstract
A comb polymer of which the backbone is
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, onto which
poly(N-alkylacrylamide) or poly(N,N-dialkylacrylamide) lateral
segments are grafted; process for the preparation thereof
comprising: a step (a) of reacting a compound of formula (II) with
a compound of formula (III), in a (tert-butanol)-water mixture, so
as to obtain a poly(N-alkylacrylamide) or
poly(N,N-dialkylacrylamide) telomere of formula (I); a step (c) of
reacting, in tert-butanol, the telomer of formula (I) obtained in
step (a), with an acid chloride of formula (IV) so as to obtain a
solution of the macromonomer of formula (V); a step (e) of
copolymerising, in tert-butanol, the macromonomer of formula (V)
resulting from step (c), with the ammonium salt of
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and, if desired, a step
(f) of purifying the comb polymer obtained in step (e).
Inventors: |
BRAUN; Olivier; (ST JUST ST
RAMBERT, FR) ; MALLO; Paul; (CROISSY - SUR- SEINE,
FR) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SOCIETE D'EXPLOITATION DE PRO-DUITS POUR LES INDUSTRIES CHIMIQUES
SEPPIC |
Paris |
|
FR |
|
|
Assignee: |
SOCIETE D'EXPLOITATION DE PRODUITS
POUR LES INDUSTRIES CHIMIQUES SEPPIC
Paris
FR
|
Family ID: |
48670000 |
Appl. No.: |
14/405513 |
Filed: |
May 29, 2013 |
PCT Filed: |
May 29, 2013 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/FR2013/051204 |
371 Date: |
December 4, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
525/329.4 ;
525/351 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C08F 273/00 20130101;
C08F 293/005 20130101 |
International
Class: |
C08F 273/00 20060101
C08F273/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jun 15, 2012 |
FR |
1255617 |
Claims
1. A process for the preparation of a comb copolymer, the backbone
of which is of the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid type,
to which poly(N-alkylacrylamide) or poly(N,N-dialkylacrylamide)
side segments are grafted, characterized in that it comprises the
following successive stages: a stage (a) of reaction of a compound
of formula (II):
CH.sub.2.dbd.C(R.sub.2)--C(.dbd.O)--N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4) (II) in
which R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.3
represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical
comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.4, which is identical
to or different from R.sub.3, represents a linear or branched alkyl
radical comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with a chain-limiting
compound of formula (III): Z--R.sub.1--NH.sub.2 (III) in which
R.sub.1 represents a divalent radical comprising from 1 to 4 carbon
atoms and Z represents a functional group capable of acting as
radical transfer agent, in the presence of a polymerization
initiator, in a tert-butanol/water mixture, in order to obtain a
poly(N-alkylacrylamide) or poly(N,N-dialkylacrylamide) telomer of
formula (I):
H.sub.2N--R.sub.1--Z--{CH.sub.2--C(R.sub.2)[C(.dbd.O)N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4)]-
--}.sub.n--H (I) in which n represents an integer greater than or
equal to 2 and less than or equal to 100 and Z represents a
functional group capable of acting as radical transfer agent;
optionally a stage (b) of isolation and/or of drying of said
telomer of formula (I) obtained in stage (a); a stage (c) of
reaction in tert-butanol of the telomer of formula (I) obtained in
stage (a) or optionally in stage (b) with an acid chloride of
formula (IV): CH.sub.2.dbd.C(R.sub.5)--C(.dbd.O)--Cl (IV) in which
R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, in a
(IV)/(III) molar ratio of less than or equal to 10 and greater than
or equal to 1, while maintaining the pH of the reaction medium at a
value of between 8 and 10, in order to obtain a solution of the
macromonomer of formula (V):
CH.sub.2.dbd.C(R.sub.5)--C(.dbd.O)NH--R.sub.1--Z--{CH.sub.2--C(R.sub.2)[C-
(.dbd.O)N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4)]--}.sub.n--H (V) optionally a stage (d)
of isolation and/or of drying of said macromonomer of formula (V)
obtained in stage (c); a stage (e) of copolymerization in
tert-butanol of the macromonomer of formula (V) resulting from
stage (c) or from stage (d) with the ammonium salt of
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and, if desired; a stage
(f) of purification of the comb copolymer obtained in stage
(e).
2. The process as defined in claim 1, for which, in the formula
(II), R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent a hydrogen atom and
R.sub.4 represents an isopropyl radical.
3. A comb copolymer, the backbone of which is of the
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid type, to which
poly(N-alkylacrylamide) or poly(N,N-dialkylacrylamide) side
segments are grafted, said side segments being chosen from the
following side segments: poly(N-methylmethacrylamide) side
segments, poly(N-ethylmethacrylamide) side segments,
poly(N-propylmethacrylamide) side segments,
poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) side segments,
poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)methacrylamide] side segments,
poly(N,N-dimethylmethacrylamide) side segments,
poly(N,N-diethylmethacrylamide) side segments,
poly(N-methylacrylamide) side segments, poly(N-ethylacrylamide)
side segments, poly(N-propylacrylamide) side segments,
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) side segments, poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)
acrylamide] side segments, poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) side
segments and poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) side segments.
4. The comb copolymer as defined in claim 3, in which said side
segments are chosen from the following side segments:
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) side segments,
poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide] side segments,
poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) side segments and
poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) side segments.
Description
[0001] The present patent application has as subject matter a novel
process for the preparation of water-soluble grafted
copolymers.
[0002] Heat-thickening polymers are polymers, the viscosity of
which varies considerably as a function of the temperature. They
are characterized in particular by a "critical" temperature, above
which the viscosity of their aqueous solution very markedly
increases, generally by a factor of several tens.
[0003] International application WO 00/40958 describes a process
for the preparation of copolymers of acrylamide and of
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) which includes the following successive
stages:
(a) the synthesis of an N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) telomer by
radical polymerization; (b) isolation of the telomer obtained,
(PNIPAM).sub.x-NH.sub.2, by precipitation from ether, filtration
and then drying; (c) the reaction in methylene chloride of
(PNIPAM).sub.x-NH.sub.2 with a large excess acrylic acid in the
presence of cyclohexylcarbodiimide to result in the poly(NIPAM)
macro-monomer carrying an acryloyl functional group at the
(PNIPAM).sub.x chain end; (d) the isolation of the macromonomer
obtained by precipitation from ether, filtration and then drying;
(e) the copolymerization of the macromonomer obtained with
acrylamide (AM) or dimethylacrylamide (DMA) in water, in order to
obtain the grafted copolymers comprising a (PNIPAM).sub.x segment,
AM-g-(PNIPAM).sub.x or DMA-g-(PNIPAM).sub.x; (f) the purification
by precipitation from water for DMA/(PNIPAM).sub.x or from acetone
for AM/(PNIPAM).sub.x, followed by ultrafiltration.
[0004] The international application published under the number WO
2007/000535 discloses a process for the preparation of grafted
polymers, while limiting as much as can be done the use of organic
solvents, and more particularly a process for the preparation of a
comb copolymer, the backbone of which is of the acrylamide, acrylic
acid, acryloylaminoethanol or dimethylacrylamide type, to which
poly(N-alkylacrylamide) or poly(N,N-dialkylacrylamide) side
segments are grafted, comprising the following successive
stages:
[0005] (a) the preparation of a poly(N-alkylacrylamide) or
poly(N,N-dialkylacrylamide) telomer, of formula (I):
H.sub.2N--R.sub.1--Z--{CH.sub.2--C(R.sub.2)[C(.dbd.O)N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4)-
]--}.sub.n--H (I)
in which n represents an integer greater than or equal to 2 and
less than or equal to 100, Z represents a functional group capable
of acting as radical transfer agent, R.sub.1 represents a divalent
radical comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents a
hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen
atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 4
carbon atoms and R.sub.4, which is identical to or different from
R.sub.3, represents a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising
from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, by reaction in water of a compound of
formula (II):
CH.sub.2.dbd.C(R.sub.2)--C(.dbd.O)N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4) (II)
in which R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above, with a
chain-limiting compound of formula (III):
Z--R.sub.1--NH.sub.2 (III)
in which Z represents a functional group capable of acting as
radical transfer agent, in a (II)/(III) molar ratio of less than or
equal to n and greater than or equal to n/10, in the presence of a
polymerization initiator;
[0006] (b) the isolation of the telomer of formula (I) obtained in
stage (a);
[0007] (c) the reaction in water of the telomer of formula (I)
obtained in stage (b) with the acid chloride of formula (IV):
CH.sub.2.dbd.C(R.sub.5)--C(.dbd.O)--Cl (IV)
in which R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical and
in a (IV)/(III) molar ratio of less than or equal to 10 and greater
than or equal to 1, while maintaining the pH of the reaction medium
at a value of between 6 and 13 and preferably between 7 and 8, in
order to obtain a macromonomer of formula (V):
CH.sub.2.dbd.C(R.sub.5)--C(.dbd.O)NH--R.sub.1--Z--{CH.sub.2--C(R.sub.2)[-
C(.dbd.O)N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4)]--}.sub.n--H (V)
[0008] (d) the isolation of the macromonomer of formula (V)
obtained in stage (c);
[0009] (e) the copolymerization in water of the macromonomer of
formula (V) isolated in stage (d) with a monomer chosen from
acrylamide, acrylic acid, acryloylaminoethanol or
dimethylacrylamide and, if desired;
[0010] (f) the purification of the comb copolymer obtained.
[0011] In point of fact, while the process thus disclosed operates
perfectly when the main backbone is composed of a sequence of
neutral monomers, it is not the same when it is desired to replace
these neutral monomers with ionic monomers, such as acrylic acid or
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (ATBS). This is because a
salting out phenomenon occurs, which results in the polymerization
of the macromonomer intended to form the pendant chains, such as
the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) macromonomer.
[0012] The inventors have thus attempted to develop a process which
does not exhibit the disadvantage set out above.
[0013] For this reason, according to a first aspect, a subject
matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of a comb
copolymer, the backbone of which is of the
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (ATBS) type, to which
poly(N-alkylacrylamide) or poly(N,N-dialkylacrylamide) side
segments are grafted, characterized in that it comprises the
following successive stages:
[0014] a stage (a) of reaction of a compound of formula (II):
CH.sub.2.dbd.C(R.sub.2)--C(.dbd.O)--N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4) (II)
in which R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,
R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl
radical comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.4, which is
identical to or different from R.sub.3, represents a linear or
branched alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with a
chain-limiting compound of formula (III):
Z--R.sub.1--NH.sub.2 (III)
in which R.sub.1 represents a divalent radical comprising from 1 to
4 carbon atoms and Z represents a functional group capable of
acting as radical transfer agent, in the presence of a
polymerization initiator, in a tert-butanol/water mixture, in order
to obtain a poly(N-alkylacrylamide) or poly(N,N-dialkylacrylamide)
telomer of formula (I):
H.sub.2N--R.sub.1--Z--{CH.sub.2--C(R.sub.2)[C(.dbd.O)N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4)-
]--}.sub.n--H (I)
in which n represents an integer greater than or equal to 2 and
less than or equal to 100 and Z represents a functional group
capable of acting as radical transfer agent; optionally
[0015] a stage (b) of isolation and/or of drying of said telomer of
formula (I) obtained in stage (a);
[0016] a stage (c) of reaction in tert-butanol of the telomer of
formula (I) obtained in stage (a) or optionally in stage (b) with
an acid chloride of formula (IV):
CH.sub.2.dbd.C(R.sub.5)--C(.dbd.O)--Cl (IV)
in which R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, in
a (IV)/(III) molar ratio of less than or equal to 10 and greater
than or equal to 1, while maintaining the pH of the reaction medium
at a value of between 8 and 10, in order to obtain a solution of
the macromonomer of formula (V):
CH.sub.2.dbd.C(R.sub.5)--C(.dbd.O)NH--R.sub.1--Z--{CH.sub.2--C(R.sub.2)[-
C(.dbd.O)N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4)]--}.sub.n--H (V)
optionally
[0017] a stage (d) of isolation and/or of drying of said
macromonomer of formula (V) obtained in stage (c);
[0018] a stage (e) of copolymerization in tert-butanol of the
macromonomer of formula (V) resulting from stage (c) or from stage
(d) with the ammonium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic
acid and, if desired;
[0019] a stage (f) of purification of the comb copolymer obtained
in stage (e).
[0020] tert-Butanol/water mixture denotes, in the process as
defined above, a mixture for which the proportion by volume of
water is less than or equal to 50%.
[0021] According to a specific aspect of the process as defined
above, in the formula (II), R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent a
hydrogen atom and R.sub.4 represents an isopropyl radical.
[0022] Another subject matter of the invention is a comb copolymer,
the backbone of which is of the
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid type, to which
poly(N-alkyl-(meth)acrylamide) or poly(N,N-dialkyl(meth)acrylamide)
side segments are grafted, said side segments being chosen from the
following side segments:
[0023] poly(N-methylmethacrylamide) side segments,
[0024] poly(N-ethylmethacrylamide) side segments,
[0025] poly(N-propylmethacrylamide) side segments,
[0026] poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) side segments,
[0027] poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)methacrylamide] side segments,
[0028] poly(N,N-dimethylmethacrylamide) side segments,
[0029] poly(N,N-diethylmethacrylamide) side segments,
[0030] poly(N-methylacrylamide) side segments,
[0031] poly(N-ethylacrylamide) side segments,
[0032] poly(N-propylacrylamide) side segments,
[0033] poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) side segments,
[0034] poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide] side segments,
[0035] poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) side segments,
[0036] poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) side segments,
and more particularly a comb copolymer as defined above in which
said side segments are chosen from the following side segments:
[0037] poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) side segments,
[0038] poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide] side segments,
[0039] poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) side segments and
[0040] poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) side segments.
[0041] The following example illustrates the invention without,
however, limiting it. It demonstrates that it is possible to
prepare comb polymers without an acrylamide backbone comprising
side segments of N-alkylacrylamide type which are
heat-thickening.
Preparation of a Comb Copolymer Comprising a Backbone of ATBS Type,
to Which poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Side Segments are Grafted
ATBS-g-NIPAM
[0042] (1) Preparation of a Poly(N-isopropyl Acrylamide)
Telomer
[0043] 435 g of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) are dissolved in a
tert-butanol/water mixture (50/50 by volume) in a thermostatically
controlled reactor until 1000 g are reached, and stirring is
carried out under nitrogen sparging for approximately one and a
half hours. 2-Aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (AET.HCl) is
subsequently added in a predetermined NIPAM/AET.HCl molar ratio of
approximately 48/1. The polymerization is initiated with dilauroyl
peroxide by bringing the temperature to 60.degree. C. and then the
reaction medium is left stirring and under nitrogen sparging for a
further 2 hours. A white and pasty final reaction mixture is
obtained.
[0044] (2) Preparation of the Macromonomer
[0045] A solution of potassium hydroxide (0.16 N) in tert-butanol
and acryloyl chloride are added to the reaction medium obtained in
stage (1) maintained at a temperature of 10.degree. C., while
maintaining the pH in the vicinity of 9. At the end of the
reaction, the content of NIPAM macromonomer is 17.8% by weight and
the water content is 10.7% by weight.
[0046] (3) Synthesis of the Copolymer
[0047] 61.8 g of the reaction medium obtained in stage (2) are
diluted in 170 g of tert-butanol in the reactor thermostatically
controlled at 15.degree. C. 77 g of the ammonium salt of
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and then 0.44 g of
trimethylolpropane triacrylate are added thereto. The
polymerization is initiated with dilauroyl peroxide and the medium
is left stirring for four hours while maintaining the temperature
at 60.degree. C. The polymer which precipitated during the
polymerization is recovered by filtration. After drying, the
desired copolymer is obtained in the powder form.
[0048] It is found that a 1% by weight solution of the polymer in
water is slightly viscous. After heating above 80.degree. C., there
is formation of a gel, which is characteristic of a heat-thickening
polymer.
* * * * *