U.S. patent application number 14/649279 was filed with the patent office on 2015-10-29 for adjuvant for mucosal vaccine.
This patent application is currently assigned to DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY LIMITED. The applicant listed for this patent is DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY LIMITED, OSAKA UNIVERSITY. Invention is credited to Yukako Fujinaga, Nao Jonai, Takuhiro Matsumura, Masahiro Yutani.
Application Number | 20150306214 14/649279 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 50883272 |
Filed Date | 2015-10-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150306214 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Fujinaga; Yukako ; et
al. |
October 29, 2015 |
ADJUVANT FOR MUCOSAL VACCINE
Abstract
An object of the present invention is to provide an adjuvant for
a mucosal vaccine with high safety that induces a sufficient immune
response on the mucosa. According to the present invention, an
adjuvant for a mucosal vaccine comprising a protein complex
composed of hemagglutinin (HA) subcomponents HA1, HA2, and HA3 of
botulinum toxin is provided.
Inventors: |
Fujinaga; Yukako; (Osaka,
JP) ; Matsumura; Takuhiro; (Osaka, JP) ;
Yutani; Masahiro; (Osaka, JP) ; Jonai; Nao;
(Tokyo, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY LIMITED
OSAKA UNIVERSITY |
Chuo-ku, Tokyo
Suita-shi,Osaka |
|
JP
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY
LIMITED
Chuo-ku, Tokyo
JP
OSAKA UNIVERSITY
Suita-shi,Osaka
JP
|
Family ID: |
50883272 |
Appl. No.: |
14/649279 |
Filed: |
November 15, 2013 |
PCT Filed: |
November 15, 2013 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2013/081459 |
371 Date: |
June 3, 2015 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/197.11 ;
530/409 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 39/12 20130101;
A61K 2039/55544 20130101; C07K 14/77 20130101; A61P 31/00 20180101;
C07K 14/33 20130101; C07K 2319/42 20130101; A61K 2039/5252
20130101; A61K 39/39 20130101; A61K 2039/575 20130101; C12N
2760/16134 20130101; A61K 2039/55516 20130101; A61K 2039/541
20130101; A61K 39/145 20130101; A61P 37/04 20180101; A61K 39/00
20130101; A61K 2039/543 20130101; Y02A 50/30 20180101; A61K 39/02
20130101; C12N 7/00 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 39/39 20060101
A61K039/39; A61K 39/145 20060101 A61K039/145 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 4, 2012 |
JP |
2012-265532 |
Claims
1. An adjuvant for a mucosal vaccine comprising a protein complex
composed of hemagglutinin (HA) subcomponents HA1, HA2, and HA3 of
botulinum toxin.
2. The adjuvant according to claim 1, wherein the protein complex
is composed of the first component, the second component, and the
third component described below: the first component: (a) a protein
consisting of the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, or
(b) a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence derived from the
amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 by deletion,
substitution, or addition of one to several amino acids and having
functions equivalent to those of the protein (a); the second
component: (c) a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, or (d) a protein consisting of an amino acid
sequence derived from the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID
NO: 2 by deletion, substitution, or addition of one to several
amino acids and having functions equivalent to those of the protein
(c); and the third component: (e) a protein consisting of the amino
acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, or (f) a protein consisting
of an amino acid sequence derived from the amino acid sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 by deletion, substitution, or addition of one
to several amino acids and having functions equivalent to those of
the protein (e).
3. The adjuvant according to claim 1, which is used simultaneously
with vaccine antigens or before or after vaccine antigens are
administered.
4. The adjuvant according to claim 3, wherein the vaccine antigens
are subunit antigens or inactivated antigens.
5. The adjuvant according to claim 3, wherein the vaccine antigens
are derived from pathogens causing mucosal infections.
6. The adjuvant according to claim 5, wherein the pathogens causing
mucosal infections are viruses or bacteria.
7. The adjuvant according to claim 6, wherein the viruses are
influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), chickenpox
viruses, measles viruses, rubella viruses, mumps viruses,
polioviruses, rotaviruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses, RS
viruses, dengue viruses, Japanese encephalitis viruses, severe
acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) viruses, or hepatitis
viruses.
8. The adjuvant according to claim 6, wherein the bacteria are
Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria meningitidis, type B influenza,
pneumococcus, tuberculosis bacteria, tetanus bacilli, or cholera
bacilli.
9. The adjuvant according to claim 1, which is administered with
any mucosal routes.
10. The adjuvant according to claim 9, wherein the administration
with mucosal routes is intranasal administration.
11. A mucosal vaccine preparation comprising vaccine antigens and
the adjuvant according to claim 1.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to an effective and safe
adjuvant for a mucosal vaccine and a mucosal vaccine preparation
containing such adjuvant and vaccine antigens.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] In recent years, the mechanisms of mucosal immunity on the
respiratory apparatus, the digestive apparatus, the reproductive
organs, and other organs have been gradually elucidated as the
immune system to prevent infectious diseases such as influenza or
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). For example, immune
response to prevent influenza virus infection is associated with
mucosal IgA antibody, serum IgG antibody to neutralize the viruses,
and cytotoxic T cells that lyse infected cells to interrupt virus
transmission. Such mucosal immune mechanisms are functional at the
initial phase of infection, and play a key role in biophylaxis at
the time of infection or during the initial phase of infection.
Accordingly, mucosal vaccines inducing immune protection response
against infection on the mucosa, which is the first barrier at
portals of entry for pathogens, are considered as effective vaccine
for various infectious diseases through mucosae.
[0003] While mucosal vaccines induce secretory IgA antibody in
mucosal tissue upon mucosal administration (e.g., intranasal
administration), and also induce IgG antibody in the serum. Thus,
mucosal vaccines are capable of inducing immune responses in both
the mucosal and systemic systems against pathogens. In addition,
mucosal vaccines are superior to conventional vaccination with
needles and syringe in terms of operability, safety, and economic
efficiency. Accordingly, mucosal vaccines are expected as novel
vaccines, and have been developed.
[0004] However, because mucosal vaccines with antigens alone are
not capable of inducing sufficient immune responses, mucosal
adjuvants for mucosal vaccines is necessary in order to induce
effective immune responses on the mucosal surface. Up to the
present, many mucosal adjuvants have been reported. For example,
bacterial endotoxins such as cholera toxin (CT) and heat-labile
enterotoxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, have been
known as representative mucosal adjuvants (Non-Patent Documents 1
and 2). However, previous reports showed that clinical trials with
LT intranasal administration caused facial nerve palsy (Bell's
palsy). Accordingly, development of mucosal adjuvants with toxins
such as CT or LT might be difficult in terms of safety. MPL
resulting from attenuation of activity of endotoxin LPS, bacterial
flagellin proteins (Patent Document 1), double-stranded RNA
(poly(I:C)) (Patent Document 2), and other substances have been
studied as mucosal adjuvants, which are not derived from toxins.
However, since those candidates induce excessive inflammatory
responses, they are not satisfactory for mucosal adjuvants in terms
of safety. That is, no effective and safe adjuvants for mucosal
vaccines are being put to practical use at present.
[0005] The hemagglutinin (HA) and the nontoxic-nonhemagglutinin
(NTNH) component bind to the botulinum neurotoxin (NIX) produced by
botulinum bacilli causing food poisoning, and those components form
three types of neurotoxin complex (progenitor toxin (PTX)) whose
molecular weight are 300,000, 500,000, or 900,000. Botulinum toxin
blocks neuron transmission, and leads to death in human. Taking
advantage of the activity thereof, botulinum toxin is used as an
effective neurotransmission inhibitor for medical purposes. For
example, a botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) complex is known to be
used for treatment of blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, spasmodic
torticollis, heterotropia, and the reduction of wrinkles. In the
neurotoxin complex as described above, non-toxic HA is known to
have functions of disrupting the epithelial barrier and
transporting botulinum neurotoxins and macromolecules. When NTX and
albumin antigens are subcutaneously administered to mice in
combination with HA, production of serum antibody specific for
antigens is enhanced through IL-6 production (Non-Patent Document
3). While Patent Documents 3 and 4 describe the adjuvant activity
of an HA subcomponent (HA1 or HA3) and the use as a carrier of
nucleic acids into cells, no protein complex composed of HA
subcomponents (HA1, HA2, and HA3) has been discussed. The present
inventors previously reported that HA acts on M cells in the
epithelial cell layer of the Peyer's patch (i.e., M cells on the
Peyer's patch), and that HA assists migration of neurotoxin complex
from apical side of to basolateral side of M cells via transcytosis
(Non-Patent Document 4). While the functions of the neurotoxin
complex (HA to which the toxin component has been bound) to breach
the intestinal epithelial barrier have been investigated in the
study described above, interaction of toxin-free HA with M cells or
adjuvant effects for delivering vaccine antigens for mucosal
vaccines to infectious diseases have not yet been examined.
PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS
Patent Documents
[0006] Patent Document 1: WO 2005/070455 [0007] Patent Document 2:
JP 2005-97267 A [0008] Patent Document 3: JP 2009-132686 A [0009]
Patent Document 4: JP 2009-81997 A
Non-Patent Documents
[0009] [0010] Non-Patent Document 1: J. Xu-Amano et al., J. Exp.
Med., 178, 1309, 1993 [0011] Non-Patent Document 2: I. Takahashi et
al., J. Infect. Dis. 173, 627, 1996 [0012] Non-Patent Document 3:
J. Lee et al., Microbiology, 151, 3739, 2005 [0013] Non-Patent
Document 4: Takuhiro Matsumura et al., Japanese Journal of
Bacteriology 64 (1) 79, 2009
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to
provide an adjuvant for mucosal vaccines with high both efficacy
and safety.
[0015] The present inventors focused on hemagglutinin (HA), a
non-toxic component of botulinum toxin, and the mice were
intranasally immunized with a protein complex composed of HA
subcomponents (HA1, HA2, and HA3) intranasal in combination with
ovalbumin antigens or influenza HA antigens. As a result, they
confirmed that production of serum IgG antibody and that of
secretory IgA antibody on the mucosa would be accelerated by
vaccine antigens with HA subcomponent, suggesting that HA augments
systemic immunity and mucosal immunity to vaccine antigens. In
addition, innate immunity (e.g., production of IL-6) caused by CpG
or LPS would not be affected by additional HA. Thus, they
discovered that the HA complex would be effective as an adjuvant
for a mucosal vaccine without induction of inflammation.
[0016] The present invention includes the following.
(1) An adjuvant for a mucosal vaccine comprising a protein complex
composed of hemagglutinin (HA) subcomponents HA1, HA2, and HA3 of
botulinum toxin. (2) The adjuvant according to (1), wherein the
protein complex is composed of the first component, the second
component, and the third component described below: the first
component:
[0017] (a) a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence as shown
in SEQ ID NO: 1, or
[0018] (b) a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence derived
from the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 by deletion,
substitution, or addition of one to several amino acids and having
functions equivalent to those of the protein (a);
the second component:
[0019] (c) a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence as shown
in SEQ ID NO: 2, or
[0020] (d) a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence derived
from the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 by deletion,
substitution, or addition of one to several amino acids and having
functions equivalent to those of the protein (c): and the third
component:
[0021] (e) a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence as shown
in SEQ ID NO: 3, or
[0022] (f) a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence derived
from the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 by deletion,
substitution, or addition of one to several amino acids and having
functions equivalent to those of the protein (e).
(3) The adjuvant according to (1) or (2), which is used
simultaneously with vaccine antigens or before or after vaccine
antigens are administered. (4) The adjuvant according to (3),
wherein the vaccine antigens are subunit antigens or inactivated
antigens. (5) The adjuvant according to (3) or (4), wherein the
vaccine antigens are derived from pathogens causing mucosal
infections. (6) The adjuvant according to (5), wherein the
pathogens causing mucosal infections are viruses or bacteria. (7)
The adjuvant according to (6), wherein the viruses are influenza
viruses, human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), chickenpox viruses,
measles viruses, rubella viruses, mumps viruses, polioviruses,
rotaviruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses, RS viruses, dengue
viruses, Japanese encephalitis viruses, severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS) viruses, or hepatitis viruses (type A, type B, or
type C). (8) The adjuvant according to (6), wherein the bacteria
are Bordetella pertussis. Neisseria meningitidis, type B influenza,
pneumococcus, tuberculosis bacteria, tetanus bacilli, or cholera
bacilli. (9) The adjuvant according to any of (1) to (8), which is
administered with any mucosal routes. (10) The adjuvant according
to (9), wherein the administration with mucosal routes is
intranasal administration. (11) A mucosal vaccine preparation
comprising vaccine antigens and the adjuvant according to any of
(1) to (10).
[0023] When the adjuvant of the present invention is administered
to mucosa such as the intranasal mucosa in combination with vaccine
antigens derived from pathogens causing mucosal infections, such as
influenza viruses, production of serum IgG antibody and that of
secretory IgA antibody on the mucosa are accelerated, and
antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses are
enhanced. Accordingly, the adjuvant of the present invention is
useful as an adjuvant for a mucosal vaccine against diseases of the
respiratory apparatus or the digestive apparatus. In addition, the
adjuvant of the present invention uses hemagglutinin (HA)
subcomponent, which is a non-toxic botulinum toxin component, the
adjuvant does not activate innate immunity, and the adjuvant is
less likely to cause inflammations on mucosa after administration.
Therefore, the adjuvant of the present invention is very safe for
mucosal vaccines to use.
[0024] This patent application claims priority from Japanese Patent
Application No. 2012-265532 filed on Dec. 4, 2012, and it includes
part or all of the contents as disclosed in the description
thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] FIG. 1 shows the amino acid sequence of recombinant
botulinus HA1-3 used to prepare the botulinus HA (BHA) complex in
Example 1. The underlined regions indicate vector-derived amino
acid sequences (FLAG tag sequence: SEQ ID NO: 7; Strep tag
sequence: SEQ ID NO: 8).
[0026] FIG. 2 shows purification of the BHA complex via gel
filtration chromatography.
[0027] FIG. 3 shows interaction between M cells and each
subcomponcnt HA1, HA2, or HA3 of botulinus (a microscope photograph
showing localization of subcomponents on the follicle-associated
epithelium (FAE)).
[0028] FIG. 4 shows interaction between M cell and the HA2+3
complex or the HA1+2+3 complex of botulinus (a microscope
photograph showing localization of complexes on the
follicle-associated epithelium (FAE)).
[0029] FIG. 5 shows the results of ELISA that measured the
concentration of ovalbumin-specific IgG in sera and that of
ovalbumin-specific IgA in the nasal cavity lavage or in the
bronchoalveolar lavage (OVA: the group to which ovalbumin alone is
administered; OVA+CTB: the group to which ovalbumin with the
cholera toxin B subunit are administered; OVA+BHA: the group to
which ovalbumin with the BHA complex are administered; Reciprocal
log 2 titer: the antibody titer represented by the logarithm of the
reciprocal of the maximal dilution factor exhibiting absorbance
that is higher than the sample before immunization by 0.1).
[0030] FIG. 6 shows activation of innate immunity by the BHA
complex (the amount of IL-6 produced).
[0031] FIG. 7 shows the results of ELISA that measured the
concentration of influenza-antigen-specific IgG in the sera (SV:
the group to which influenza split vaccine alone is administered;
SV+BHA: the group to which influenza split vaccine with BHA complex
are administered; SV+CTB: the group to which influenza split
vaccine with cholera toxin B subunit are administered; NC: the
group to which no antigens with adjuvants is administered (***
p<0.0001 ** p<0.001 * p<0.01)).
[0032] FIG. 8 shows the results of ELISA that measured the
concentration of influenza-antigen-specific IgA in the nasal cavity
lavage and in the bronchoalveolar lavage (SV: the group to which
influenza split vaccine alone is administered; SV+BHA: the group to
which influenza split vaccine with BHA complex are administered;
SV+CTB: the group to which influenza split vaccine with cholera
toxin B subunit are administered: NC: the group to which no
antigens with adjuvants is administered (*** p<0.0001 **
p<0.001 * p<0.01)).
[0033] FIG. 9 shows the results of ELISA that measured the
concentration of influenza-antigen-specific IgG in the sera (SV:
the group to which influenza split vaccine alone is administered:
SV+BHA: the group to which influenza split vaccine with BHA complex
are administered: SV+BHA1-3: the group to which influenza split
vaccine with BHA1, BHA2, or BHA3 are administered: SV+CTB: the
group to which influenza split vaccine with cholera toxin B subunit
are administered: NC: the group to which no antigens with adjuvants
is administered (*** p<0.0001 ** p<0.001 * p<0.01)).
[0034] FIG. 10 shows the results of ELISA that measured the
concentration of influenza-antigen-specific IgA in the nasal cavity
lavage and in the bronchoalveolar lavage (SV: the group to which
influenza split vaccine alone is administered: SV+BHA: the group to
which influenza split vaccine with BHA complex are administered:
SV+BHA1-3: the group to which influenza split vaccine with BHA1,
BHA2, or BHA3 are administered; SV+CTB: the group to which
influenza split vaccine with cholera toxin B subunit are
administered: NC: the group to which no antigens with adjuvants is
administered (*** p<0.0001 ** p<0.001 * p<0.01)).
EMBODIMENTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0035] The adjuvant for a mucosal vaccine of the present invention
(hereafter it is merely referred to as an "adjuvant") is a protein
complex composed of HA1, HA2, and HA3, which are hemagglutinin (HA)
subcomponents of botulinum toxin. The term "adjuvant" used herein
refers to a substance that is administered so as to enhance the
immunogenicity of a vaccine antigen.
[0036] Botulinum toxins are classified as type A to type G in
accordance with the different antigenicities of toxins produced by
botulinum bacilli (Clostridium botulinum). The botulinum toxin
complex for the adjuvant of the present invention is preferably of
type A or type B.
[0037] The first component of the protein complex contained in the
adjuvant of the present invention is the botulinum toxin complex
HA1 the second component is the botulinum toxin complex HA2, and
the third component is the botulinum toxin complex HA3.
Specifically, HA1, HA2, and HA3 are a protein consisting of the
amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, a protein consisting
of the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and a protein
consisting of the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3,
respectively. The adjuvant of the present invention is preferably a
protein complex composed of the first component, the second
component, and the third component.
[0038] The three proteins composing the protein complex may be
mutant proteins of the protein consisting of the amino acid
sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, the protein consisting of the
amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and the protein
consisting of the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3,
respectively, provided that such mutant proteins have activities
equivalent to those of the relevant original proteins. When mutant
proteins "have activities equivalent to" those of the original
proteins, the protein complex composed of such mutant proteins has
mucosal adjuvant activity equivalent to that of the protein complex
composed of the protein consisting of the amino acid sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, the protein consisting of the amino acid
sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and the protein consisting of
the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3. The term "mucosal
adjuvant activity" refers to activity that enhances production of
antigen-specific antibody when the adjuvant is administered
transmucosally in combination with vaccine antigens in both the
mucosal and systemic immune response. Preferably, the influence of
such activity on innate immunity is insignificant, and production
of antigen-specific antibody is enhanced in both the mucosal and
systemic immunity. More preferably, innate immunity is not
influenced and production of antigen-specific antibody is enhanced
in both the mucosal and systemic immunity. An example of such
mutant protein is a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence
derived from the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, 2,
or 3 by deletion, substitution, insertion, or addition of one to
several amino acids. The term "one to several" used herein
indicates the number of amino acids that can be deleted,
substituted, or added by a known method for producing a mutant
protein, such as site-directed mutagenesis. As long as the activity
described above is retained, such number is not limited. For
example, such number is 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20, more
preferably 1 to 10, and most preferably 1 to 5. A mutant protein
may consist of an amino acid sequence having 90% or higher identity
to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 3. The
term "90% or higher identity" used herein refers to sequence
identity of preferably 95% or higher, more preferably 97% or
higher, and most preferably 98% or higher. Amino acid sequence
identity can be determined by FASTA or BLAST search. While the term
"mutation" used herein primarily refers to a mutation that is
artificially introduced in accordance with a known method of
producing a mutant protein, an equivalent mutation existing in
nature may be employed.
[0039] A method for producing the adjuvant of the present invention
is not particularly limited. The protein complex may be derived
from nature. Alternatively, proteins composing such protein complex
may be produced via a genetic recombination technique, and the
protein complex may be formulated using such proteins. The protein
complex may be produced in accordance with a conventional genetic
recombination technique using genes encoding the proteins of
interest. Specifically, HA1, HA2, and HA3 can be produced by
constructing expression vectors containing genes encoding the amino
acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 (the nucleotide
sequences are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6, respectively),
introducing the expression vectors into adequate host cells, and
culturing the host cells. Mutant proteins of HA1. HA2, and HA3 can
be also produced by a well-known recombinant DNA technique by, for
example, subjecting genes encoding the amino acid sequences as
shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 to site-directed mutagenesis,
obtaining genes encoding the mutant proteins, and using such genes.
The protein productions can be easily carried out with reference
to, for example. Molecular Cloning 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press, 1989. Alternatively, HA1, HA2, and HA3 can be
chemically synthesized on the basis of the amino acid sequences
thereof.
[0040] The resulting HA1. HA2, and HA3 proteins may be incubated in
a solvent such as a phosphate buffer for 2 to 8 hours, preferably 3
to 5 hours, and more preferably 3 hours at 25.degree. C. to
40.degree. C. and preferably 37.degree. C. and the protein complex
may be thus composed. Alternatively, a fusion protein may be
prepared from the HA1, HA2, and HA3 proteins. When production of a
fusion protein is intended, a known method in which DNA fragments
encoding the HA1, HA2, and HA3 proteins are bound to be in-frame
with each other, the resultant is introduced into an adequate
expression vector, and the resultant is transcribed and translated
with the aid of an adequate host so as to express the protein may
be employed.
[0041] In general, the adjuvant of the present invention may be
administered to organisms simultaneously with vaccine antigens.
Alternatively, the adjuvant may be administered before the
administration of vaccine antigens or after the administration of
antigens. When the adjuvant is administered simultaneously with
vaccine antigens, the adjuvant may be administered substantially
simultaneously with the vaccines. For example, the adjuvant and
vaccine antigens may be administered to the target at exactly the
same time, or they may be continuously administered within a given
period of time (preferably within several minutes).
[0042] The vaccine antigens are preferably inactivated antigens or
subunit antigens. The term "inactivated antigens" refers to
antigens of pathogens (e.g., viruses or bacteria) deprived of
infectivity. Examples thereof include complete virus particles
(virions), incomplete virus particles, virion-constituting
particles, virus nonstructural proteins, the antigens to prevent
infections, and neutralizing epitopes. Antigens may be inactivated
by physical treatments (e.g., x-rays, heat, or ultrasound),
chemical treatments (e.g., formalin, mercury, alcohol, or
chlorine), or via other means. The term "subunit vaccines" refers
to vaccines selectively containing particular antigens (i.e., the
antigens to prevent infections) that are effective vaccine
components among various types of antigens contained in inactivated
vaccines. An example of a subunit vaccine against the influenza
virus is a vaccine selectively containing hemagglutinin (HA) and
neuraminidase (NA) that are surface antigens purified.
[0043] The vaccine antigens are not particularly limited, provided
that the vaccine antigens are capable of inducing a mucosal immune
response together with the adjuvant of the present invention.
Typical antigens are derived from pathogens causing mucosal
infections. Pathogens causing mucosal infections may be viruses or
bacteria. Examples of viruses include, but are not limited to,
influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), chickenpox
viruses, measles viruses, rubella viruses, mumps viruses,
polioviruses, rotaviruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses, RS
viruses, dengue viruses, Japanese encephalitis viruses, severe
acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) viruses, and hepatitis viruses
(type A, type B, and type C). Examples of bacteria include, but are
not limited to, Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria meningitidis, type
B influenza, pneumococcus, tuberculosis bacteria, tetanus bacilli,
and cholera bacilli. Such antigens derived from pathogens may be
derived from nature or artificially prepared via gene recombination
or other techniques.
[0044] The vaccine antigens include allergens used for
hyposensitization therapy. Accordingly, the adjuvant of the present
invention can be used as an adjuvant for allergen vaccines.
Allergen vaccines are used to block IgE causing allergies by
producing IgG antibody against allergens or to increase
allergen-specific type I helper T cells (Th1 cells) in vivo by
administering allergens to organisms, thereby decreasing type II
helper T cells (Th2 cells) associated with allergy symptoms.
Allergen vaccines are capable of suppressing allergy symptoms via
hyposensitization. Allergens are not particularly limited, and
examples of allergens include food allergens (e.g., casein,
lactalbumin, lactoglobulin, ovomucoid, ovalbumin, and conalbumin),
house dust allergens (e.g., mite allergens), pollen allergens
(e.g., cedar pollen allergens, ragweed allergens, and cocksfoot
grass allergens), and allergens of animal body hair.
[0045] The adjuvant of the present invention is administered
transmucosally in combination with the mucosal vaccine antigens.
When an agent is "administered transmucosally," it is administered
through the mucosa. Examples of mucosae include inner walls of
hollow organs that lead to the exterior, such as the digestive
apparatus, the respiratory apparatus, and the urogenital apparatus,
and specific examples include the nasal cavity, oral cavity,
pharynx, alveolus, air tube, intestinal tract, and vagina, with the
nasal cavity being preferable. Accordingly, examples of forms of
transmucosal administration include intranasal, intraoral,
intra-alveolar, intratracheal, intravaginal, and intrarectal
administration with the intranasal administration being preferable.
Adjuvants and mucosal vaccines can be administered transmucosally
in an adequate manner in accordance with the site of
administration. In the case of nasal or oral administration, for
example, the agents can be sprayed, added dropwise, or applied to
the nasal cavity or oral cavity. Intra-alveolar administration can
be carried out by a method involving the use of an inhaler or a
sprayer or a method of administering a preparation comprising an
aerosol preparation.
[0046] The amount of the adjuvant of the present invention to be
administered varies in accordance with the age of the subject, body
weight, disease type, route of administration, form of
administration, and other conditions. In the case of oral
administration, for example, 10 .mu.g to 100 mg, and preferably 1
.mu.g to 10 mg of the adjuvant of the present invention can be
administered simultaneously with vaccine antigens per instance per
adult human. In the case of nasal administration, 0.1 .mu.g to 100
mg, and preferably 1 .mu.g to 10 mg of the adjuvant can be
administered, for example. Subjects of administration can be
adequately determined in accordance with the types of vaccine
antigens used in combination with the adjuvant. Examples thereof
include, in addition to humans, non-human mammalians, birds, and
crustaceans.
[0047] A person skilled in the art can easily determine the
frequency of administration of the adjuvant of the present
invention in combination with vaccine antigens to the subjects by
taking, for example, age, body weight, medical history, clinical
course of the subject, disease type, and other factors into
consideration. As in the case of general vaccine preparations,
administration may be carried out at an adequate time before the
onset of the disease at the frequency of, in general, one to
several instances per day for a day, or administration may be
carried out several times at intervals of one to several weeks.
Administration is preferably carried out while observing progress,
and booster immunization is preferably carried out at intervals of
at least a week. Intervals of booster immunization are preferably
at least about two weeks. By providing booster immunization, more
effective infection-protective effects can be expected.
[0048] In order to administer the adjuvant of the present invention
simultaneously with vaccine antigens, the adjuvant may be mixed
with vaccine antigens together with pharmaceutically acceptable
carriers suitable for the dosage form, and vaccine preparations may
be produced by various known techniques.
[0049] The amount of the adjuvant to be incorporated into vaccine
preparations can be adequately determined in accordance with the
types of vaccine antigens to be mixed. The content of the adjuvant
in the preparations is not particularly limited, provided that
sufficient antigen immune responses are induced via transmucosal
administration. Such amount is generally 0.1% to 90% by weight,
preferably 0.5% to 80% by weight, and more preferably 1% to 50% by
weight relative to the entire preparation amount.
[0050] Dosage forms of the mucosal vaccine preparations of the
present invention are not particularly limited, provided that the
mucosal vaccine preparations can be administered transmucosally.
Examples thereof include liquid preparations, suspensions, sprays,
and powders. According to need, various additives that are
generally used for vaccine preparations, such as solubilizers,
anticoagulants, viscosity modifiers, pH adjusters, isotonizing
agents, emulsifiers, antioxidants, fillers, surfactants, diluents,
preservatives, stabilizers, desiccating agents, or moisturizing
agents, can be added to the mucosal vaccine preparations of the
present invention.
[0051] The vaccine preparations of the present invention can be in
a liquid state or a dried state, and such vaccine preparations can
be introduced into hermetically sealed vial bottles, syringes,
atomizers, or scaled ampules.
[0052] Hereafter, the present invention is described in greater
detail with reference to the examples, although the technical scope
of the present invention is not limited thereto. The data obtained
in the examples were statistically processed by the Student's
t-test.
Example 1
Preparation of Botulinus HA (BHA) Complex
[0053] The botulinus HA (BHA) complex was prepared in the manner
described below.
(1) Preparation of Plasmids
[0054] The genes encoding the proteins of the botulinus HA
subcomponents (BHA1, BHA2, and BHA3) (BHA1: a protein consisting of
amino acids 7 to 294 of the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID
NO: 1; BHA2: a protein consisting of amino acids 2 to 146 of the
amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; and BHA3: a protein
consisting of amino acids 19 to 626 of the amino acid sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NO: 3) were amplified by PCR from genomic DNA of
the Clostridium botulinum B-Okra strain as a template using the
primers described below.
(Primers for BHA1 Amplification)
TABLE-US-00001 [0055] (SEQ ID NO: 9) BHA1 forward primer:
cactataagcttatccaaaattcattaaatg (SEQ ID NO: 10) BHA1 reverse
primer: gttgataggtaccttatgggttactcatag
(Primers for BHA2 Amplification)
TABLE-US-00002 [0056] BHA forward primer: (SEQ ID NO: 11)
tgaataagctttcagctgaaagaacttttc BHA2 reverse primer: (SEQ ID NO: 12)
cactttggtaccttatattttttcaagtttga
(Primers for BHA3 Amplification)
TABLE-US-00003 [0057] BHA3 forward primer: (SEQ ID NO: 13)
gaaaaagggtaccaatatagtgatactattg BHA3 reverse primer: (SEQ ID NO:
14) cgtgtcgacttaattagtaatatctatatgc
[0058] The amplified DNA fragments of BHA1 and BHA2 were each
inserted into the HindIII-SalI site of pT7-FLAG-1 (Sigma), and the
amplified DNA fragment of BHA3 was inserted into the KpnI-SalI site
of pET52b(+) (Novagen) (pET-BHA3).
(2) Protein Expression
[0059] The resulting plasmids were separately transformed into E.
coli Rosetta2 (DE3) strains (Novagen). Protein expression was
induced using the Overnight Express Autoinduction System 1
(Novagen). BHA1 and BHA3 were induced to express proteins at
30.degree. C. for 36 hours, and BHA2 was induced to express a
protein at 18.degree. C. for 40 hours. E. coli strains were
collected by centrifugation and stored at -80.degree. C.
(3) Protein Purification and Complex Preparation
[0060] BHA1 and BHA2 were purified using Anti-FLAG M2 agarose
(Sigma). BHA3 was purified using StrepTrap HP (GE Healthcare). The
amino acid sequences of the purified recombinant proteins.
FLAG-BHA1, FLAG-BHA2, and Strep-BHA3, are shown in FIG. 1.
[0061] The purified recombinant proteins were mixed at a ratio of
BHA1:BHA2:BHA3 of 4:4:1 by mole, and the resultant was incubated at
37.degree. C. for 3 hours, followed by purification with the use of
StrepTrap HP. Thus, the BHA complex (BHA) was obtained.
(4) Gel Filtration Chromatography of Botulinus HA (BHA) Complex
[0062] The BHA complex (BHA) prepared in Example 1 was separated
using Superdex 200 10/300 GL (GE Healthcare). In this test,
C-terminal FLAG tag HA1, N-terminal His tag HA2, and N-terminal
Strep tag HA3 were used for HA1, HA2, and HA3 composing the BHA
complex (BHA). The results are shown in FIG. 2.
Example 2
Interaction Between M Cell and Botulinus HA Subcomponent Alone or
Complex of Botulinus HA Subcomponents
[0063] HA1, HA2, and HA3 of botulinus type A (600 nM each) were
labeled with Alexa 568 and injected into ligated intestinal loop of
the mouse. Two hours later, HA subcomponent localization was
observed under a confocal microscope. M cells were stained with
FITC-labeled UEA-1. Neither M-cell binding nor transcytosis was
substantially observed as a result when HA1, HA2, or HA3 alone was
used (FIG. 3).
[0064] Separately, the HA213 complex and the HA1+2+3 complex of
botulinus type A (600 nM each) were labeled with Alexa 568 and
injected into ligated intestinal loop of the mouse. Two hours
later, localization of complexes was observed under a confocal
microscope. M cells were stained with FITC-labeled UEA-1. Neither
M-cell binding nor transcytosis was substantially observed as a
result when the HA2+3 complex was used. As with the case of native
16S toxin. M-cell binding and transcytosis were observed when the
HA1+2+3 complex was used (FIG. 4). Thus, formation of a complex of
HA1, HA2, and HA3 was found to be necessary for interaction between
M cell and HA.
Example 3
Nasal Adjuvant Effects of BHA Complex Using Ovalbumin (OVA)
[0065] With the use of model antigens (ovalbumin, OVA), the
efficacy of botulinus HA (BHA) as a mucosal vaccine adjuvant was
inspected in the mouse with intranasal administration system. The
BHA complex (BHA) prepared in Example 1 was used as BHA. OVA (5
.mu.g only), OVA (5 .mu.g)+BHA (15 .mu.g), and OVA (5
.mu.g)+cholera toxin B subunit (2 .mu.g) (as the positive control)
were intranasally administered to BALB/c mice (6-week-old: a group
of 3 individuals) at intervals of one week (at day 0, day 7, day
14, day 21, and day 28), and five times of administration was
totally carried out. Production of OVA-specific IgG in the sera,
that of OVA-specific IgA in the nasal cavity lavage, and that of
OVA-specific IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage were assayed by ELISA on
day 34.
[0066] The results are shown in FIG. 5. Production of IgA was not
observed in any nasal cavity lavage or bronchoalveolar lavage in
the group to which OVA alone had been administered, although a
slight increase was observed in the sera IgG level on day 34. In
the group to which OVA and BHA had been administered and the group
to which OVA and the cholera toxin B subunit had been administered,
the IgA levels in the nasal cavity lavage and the bronchoalveolar
lavagc and the amount of IgG in the sera significantly
increased.
Example 4
Evaluation of Ability of BHA Complex Adjuvant to Activate Innate
Immunity (Activity to IL-6 Production)
[0067] The amount of IL-6 cytokine production resulting from
treatment with the BHA complex adjuvant was measured using mouse
splenocytes, and the ability of the BHA complex adjuvant to
activate innate immunity was evaluated.
[0068] Splenocytes were sampled from native mice raised under SPF
conditions (C57BL/6, 6-week-old, female, purchased from CLEA Japan.
Inc.) and seeded onto a 96-well plate at a cell density of
1.times.10.sup.6 cells/well. Thereafter, the BHA complex (BHA) was
serially diluted from 20 .mu.g/ml (20 .mu.g/ml, 2 .mu.g/ml. 0.2
.mu.g/ml), and the splenocytes were stimulated. The splenocytes
were further stimulated with the BHA complex adjuvant in
combination with a TLR ligand of CpG oligo DNA (K3 or D35, 20
.mu.g/ml) or LPS (1 .mu.g/ml). The culture supernatant was
recovered 24 hours after the initiation of stimulation and the
amount of cytokine (IL-6) in the culture supernatant was measured
(R&D systems). The results are shown in FIG. 6. As shown in
FIG. 6, the induction of IL-6 by the BHA complex adjuvant alone was
below the detection limit. The amounts of TNF-.alpha., IL-1.beta.,
and IL-12 were also below the detection limit. Since the BHA
complex adjuvant would not influence IL-6 production mediated by
CpG or LPS stimulation, it was considered that the BHA complex
adjuvant would not enhance or suppress signals to activate any
other innate immunity. Thus, the BHA complex adjuvant was
considered to be a non-inflammatory adjuvant that would not
influence signals to activate innate immunity.
Example 5
Effects of Intranasal Adjuvant of BHA Complex Using Influenza HA
Antigens
[0069] Influenza split vaccines were used as antigens to evaluate
adjuvant effects of the BHA complex.
(1) Experimental Animals and Materials
[0070] BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 mice (6-week-old, female) were
purchased from CLEA Japan, Inc. Mice were raised under SPF
conditions.
[0071] The mouse-adapted A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) split vaccines
(hereafter referred to as "split vaccines") received from Kitasato
Daiichi Sankyo Vaccine Co., Ltd. were used as vaccine antigens.
During the experiment, antigens were refrigerated at 4.degree. C.
in the dark.
[0072] The BHA complex (BHA) prepared in Example 1 was used as the
adjuvant. Endotoxin content was determined by designating the
standard for purification at 0.5 EU/ml or lower. The BHA adjuvant
was cryopreserved at -80.degree. C. thawed immediately before use,
and then used for immunization. The cholera toxin adjuvant (CTB)
was prepared by mixing 1 .mu.g of cholera toxin B subunit (Catalog
No. 033-20611, Wako Pure Chemical Industries. Ltd.) and 1 .mu.g of
cholera toxin (Catalog No. 033-20621. Wako Pure Chemical
Industries, Ltd.) for each mouse. The cholera toxin adjuvant was
cryopreserved at -80.degree. C., thawed immediately before use, and
then used for immunization.
(2) Test Method
[0073] PBS(-) was added to the mixture of 1 .mu.g of split vaccine
antigens with 20 .mu.g of the BHA complex (BHA) adjuvant or with 2
.mu.g of the cholera toxin adjuvant to adjust the amount of each
vaccine preparation to 12 .mu.l used for each mouse. The vaccine
preparations were administered to 6-week-old mice through both
nasal cavities in amounts of 6 .mu.l each. Administration was
carried out four times in total at intervals of 2 weeks (day 0, day
14, day 28, and day 42). Immediately before booster immunizations
were provided on day 14, day 28, and day 42, mice were anesthetized
using Ketalar (Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited)/Selactar (Bayer),
and blood samples were obtained from the orbital venous plexus. The
sampled blood was allowed to stand at 4.degree. C., overnight, and
serum separation was carried out using a refrigerated benchtop
centrifuge (9,100 g, 10 minutes, 4.degree. C.). The obtained serum
specimens were cryopreserved at -20.degree. C. In order to evaluate
adjuvant effects of the BHA complex, IgG levels (total IgG, IgG1,
IG2a, and IG2c levels) in the serum specimens were measured.
[0074] Mice were anesthetized using Ketalar/Selactar 56 days after
the initiation of immunization, exsanguinated via cardiopuncture,
and euthanized. Immediately thereafter, nasal cavity lavages and
bronchoalveolar lavages were sampled. Thereafter, the nasal cavity
lavages and the bronchoalveolar lavages were stored on ice or
refrigerated until ELISA assays were initiated.
[0075] ELISA assays were carried out in the manner described below.
The split vaccine antigens were applied to a plate at a
concentration of 1 .mu.g/ml (4.degree. C. overnight), and blocking
was carried out with 1% BSA/PBST (Tween 20: 0.5%) by allowing the
plate to stand at room temperature for 2 hours. The serum sample
was serially diluted using 1% BSA/PBST (Tween 20: 0.5%). As
secondary antibody, HRP-labeled antibody in accordance with
subclasses was used. OD was measured using a plate reader after
coloring, and the amounts of influenza-antigen-specific antibody
were calculated. The nasal cavity lavages and the bronchoalveolar
lavages were serially diluted using 1% BSA/PBST (Tween 20: 0.5%).
In order to evaluate adjuvant effects of the BHA complex to
potentiate the antigen-specific mucosal immunity, the amount of
influenza-antigen-specific mucosal IgA produced was measured.
(3) Test Results
[0076] FIG. 7 shows the results of measurement of the level of
influenza-antigen-specific IgG in the sera (56 days after the
initiation of immunization).
[0077] As shown in FIG. 7, the level of the antigen-specific
antibody reactions in the sera induced in the group subjected to
immunization with the BHA complex (BHA) adjuvant in combination
with the influenza antigens was significantly higher than that
induced in the group subjected to immunization with influenza
antigens alone. Such phenomenon was observed in all the evaluated
IgG subclasses.
[0078] FIG. 8 shows the results of measurement of the amount of
secretory IgA produced in the nasal cavity lavages and in the
bronchoalveolar lavages. As shown in FIG. 8, the amount of
antigen-specific IgA production was high in the group subjected to
immunization with the BHA complex (BHA) adjuvant in combination
with the influenza antigens. In contrast, secretory IgA production
was not substantially observed in the group of mice subjected to
immunization with influenza antigens alone.
Example 6
Comparison of Effects of Intranasal Adjuvants of BHA Complex with
BHA1, BHA2, or BHA3 Respectively
[0079] With the use of the influenza split vaccines as antigens,
adjuvant effects of the BHA complex were compared with adjuvant
effects of BHA1, BHA2, and BHA3 that are composing elements of the
BHA complex.
(1) Experimental Animals and Materials
[0080] BALB/c mice (6-week-old, female) were purchased from CLEA
Japan. Inc. Mice were raised under SPF conditions.
[0081] The mouse-adapted A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) split vaccines
(hereafter referred to as "split vaccines") received from Kitasato
Daiichi Sankyo Vaccine Co., Ltd. were used as immunogens. During
the experiment, antigens were refrigerated at 4.degree. C. in the
dark.
[0082] The BHA complex (BHA) prepared in Example 1 or BHA1, BHA2,
and BHA3 that are composing elements of the BHA complex were used
as the adjuvant. Endotoxin content was determined by designating
the standard for purification at 0.5 EU/ml or lower. The BHA
adjuvant was cryopreserved at -80.degree. C., thawed immediately
before use, and then used for immunization. The cholera toxin
adjuvant (CTB) was prepared by mixing 1 .mu.g of cholera toxin B
subunit (Catalog No. 033-20611, Wako Pure Chemical Industries,
Ltd.) and 1 .mu.g of cholera toxin (Catalog No. 033-20621, Wako
Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) for each mouse. The cholera toxin
adjuvant was cryopreserved at -80.degree. C., thawed immediately
before use, and then used for immunization.
(2) Test Method
[0083] PBS(-) was added to the mixture of 1 .mu.g of split vaccine
antigens and 20 .mu.g each of the BHA complex (BHA) adjuvant, the
BHA1 adjuvant, the BHA2 adjuvant, or the BHA3 adjuvant or 2 .mu.g
of the CTB adjuvant to adjust the amount of each vaccine
preparation to 12 .mu.l used for each mouse. The vaccine
preparations were administered to 6-week-old mice through both
nasal cavities in amounts of 6 .mu.l each. Administration was
carried out four times in total at intervals of 2 weeks (day 0, day
14, day 28, and day 42). Immediately before booster immunizations
were provided on day 14, day 28, and day 42, mice were anesthetized
using Ketalar (Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited)/Selactar (Bayer),
and blood samples were obtained from the orbital venous plexus. The
sampled blood was allowed to stand at 4.degree. C. overnight, and
serum separation was carried out using a refrigerated benchtop
centrifuge (9.100 g, 10 minutes. 4.degree. C.). The obtained serum
specimens were cryopreserved at -20.degree. C. In order to evaluate
adjuvant effects of the BHA complex. IgG levels (total IgG, IgG1,
and IG2a levels) in the serum specimens were measured.
[0084] Mice were anesthetized using Ketalar/Selactar 56 days after
the initiation of immunization, exsanguinated via cardiopuncture,
and euthanized. Immediately thereafter, nasal cavity lavages and
bronchoalveolar lavages were sampled. Thereafter, the nasal cavity
lavages and the bronchoalveolar lavages were stored on ice or
refrigerated until ELISA assays were initiated.
[0085] ELISA assays were carried out in the manner described below.
The split vaccine antigens were applied to a plate at concentration
of 1 .mu.g/ml (4.degree. C., overnight), and blocking was carried
out with 1% BSA/PBST (Tween 20: 0.5%) by allowing the plate to
stand at room temperature for 2 hours. The serum sample was
serially diluted using 1% BSA/PBST (Tween 20: 0.5%). As secondary
antibody. HRP-labeled antibody in accordance with subclasses was
used. After color had developed, OD was measured using a plate
reader, and the amounts of influenza-antigen-specific antibody
produced were measured. The nasal cavity lavages and the
bronchoalveolar lavages were serially diluted using 1% BSA/PBST
(Tween 20: 0.5%). In order to evaluate adjuvant effects of the BHA
complex to potentiate the antigen-specific mucosal immunity, the
amount of influenza-antigen-specific mucosal IgA produced was
measured.
(3) Test Results
[0086] FIG. 9 shows the results of measurement of the level of
influenza-antigen-specific IgG in the sera (56 days after the
initiation of immunization).
[0087] As shown in FIG. 9, the level of the antigen-specific
antibody reactions in the sera induced in the group subjected to
immunization with the BHA complex (BHA) adjuvant in combination
with the influenza antigens was significantly higher than that
induced in the group subjected to immunization with influenza
antigens alone. Such phenomenon was observed in all the evaluated
IgG subclasses. In the group subjected to immunization with the
BHA1, BHA2, or BHA3 adjuvants that are composing elements of the
complex in combination with the influenza antigens, in contrast,
antibody reactions in the sera were not significantly potentiated,
compared with the group subjected to immunization with the
influenza antigens alone. When intradermal administration via
injection was employed instead of intranasal administration,
antibody reactions in the sera were not significant in any of the
groups subjected to immunization with the BHA complex (BHA)
adjuvant, the BHA1 adjuvant, the BHA2 adjuvant, or the BHA3
adjuvant in combination with the influenza antigens.
[0088] FIG. 10 shows the results of measurement of the amount of
secretory IgA in the nasal cavity lavages and in the
bronchoalveolar lavages. As shown in FIG. 10, the amount of
antigen-specific IgA was significantly higher in the group
subjected to immunization with the BHA complex (BHA) adjuvant in
combination with the influenza antigens than in the group subjected
to immunization with the influenza antigens alone. In contrast, the
amount of secretory IgA was not significantly increased in the
group subjected to immunization with the BHA1, BHA2, or BHA3
adjuvants that are composing elements of the BHA complex in
combination with the influenza antigens, compared with the group
subjected to immunization with the influenza antigens alone. When
intradermal administration via injection was employed instead of
intranasal administration, the amount of secretory IgA production
was below the detection limit in all the groups subjected to
immunization with the BHA complex (BHA) adjuvant, the BHA1
adjuvant, the BHA2 adjuvant, or the BHA3 adjuvant in combination
with the influenza antigens.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0089] The present invention is applicable in the field of
production of a mucosal adjuvant and a mucosal vaccine preparation
comprising such adjuvant.
[0090] All publications, patents, and patent applications cited
herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Sequence CWU 1
1
141294PRTClostridium botulinum 1Met Glu His Tyr Ser Thr Ile Gln Asn
Ser Leu Asn Asp Lys Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Thr Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Asn
Thr Asp Leu Phe Phe Tyr Gln Val Pro 20 25 30 Gly Asn Gly Asn Val
Ser Leu Phe Gln Gln Thr Arg Asn Tyr Leu Glu 35 40 45 Arg Trp Arg
Ile Ile Tyr Asp Ser Asn Lys Ala Ala Tyr Lys Ile Lys 50 55 60 Ser
Met Asn Ile Tyr Asn Thr Asn Leu Val Leu Thr Trp Asn Ala Pro 65 70
75 80 Thr His Asn Ile Ser Ala Gln Gln Asp Ser Asn Ala Asp Asn Gln
Tyr 85 90 95 Trp Leu Leu Leu Lys Asp Ile Gly Asn Asn Ser Phe Ile
Ile Ala Ser 100 105 110 Tyr Lys Asn Pro Asn Leu Val Leu Tyr Ala Asp
Thr Val Ala Arg Asn 115 120 125 Leu Lys Leu Ser Thr Leu Asn Asn Ser
Ser Tyr Ile Lys Phe Ile Ile 130 135 140 Glu Asp Tyr Val Ile Ser Asp
Phe Lys Asn Phe Thr Cys Arg Ile Ser 145 150 155 160 Pro Ile Leu Ala
Gly Gly Lys Val Val Gln Gln Val Ser Met Thr Asn 165 170 175 Leu Ala
Val Asn Leu Tyr Ile Trp Asn Asn Asp Leu Asn Gln Lys Trp 180 185 190
Thr Ile Ile Tyr Asn Glu Glu Lys Ala Ala Tyr Gln Phe Phe Asn Lys 195
200 205 Ile Leu Ser Asn Gly Val Leu Thr Trp Ile Phe Ser Asp Gly Asn
Thr 210 215 220 Val Arg Val Ser Ser Ser Ala Gln Asn Asn Asp Ala Gln
Tyr Trp Leu 225 230 235 240 Ile Asn Pro Val Ser Asp Asn Tyr Asp Arg
Tyr Thr Ile Thr Asn Leu 245 250 255 Arg Asp Lys Thr Lys Val Leu Asp
Leu Tyr Gly Gly Gln Thr Ala Asp 260 265 270 Gly Thr Thr Ile Gln Val
Phe Asn Ser Asn Gly Gly Asp Asn Gln Ile 275 280 285 Trp Thr Met Ser
Asn Pro 290 2146PRTClostridium botulinum 2Met Ser Ala Glu Arg Thr
Phe Leu Pro Asn Gly Asn Tyr Asn Ile Lys 1 5 10 15 Ser Ile Phe Ser
Gly Ser Leu Tyr Leu Ser Pro Val Ser Gly Ser Leu 20 25 30 Thr Phe
Ser Asn Glu Ser Ser Ala Asn Asn Gln Lys Trp Asn Val Glu 35 40 45
Tyr Met Ala Glu Asn Arg Cys Phe Lys Ile Ser Asn Val Ala Glu Pro 50
55 60 Asn Lys Tyr Leu Ser Tyr Asp Asn Phe Gly Phe Ile Ser Leu Asp
Ser 65 70 75 80 Leu Ser Asn Arg Cys Tyr Trp Phe Pro Ile Lys Ile Ala
Val Asn Thr 85 90 95 Tyr Ile Met Leu Ser Leu Asn Lys Val Asn Glu
Leu Asp Tyr Ala Trp 100 105 110 Asp Ile Tyr Asp Thr Asn Glu Asn Ile
Leu Ser Gln Pro Leu Leu Leu 115 120 125 Leu Pro Asn Phe Asp Ile Tyr
Asn Ser Asn Gln Met Phe Lys Leu Glu 130 135 140 Lys Ile 145
3626PRTClostridium botulinum 3Met Asn Ser Ser Ile Lys Lys Ile Tyr
Asn His Ile Gln Glu Lys Val 1 5 10 15 Ile Asn Tyr Ser Asp Thr Ile
Asp Leu Ala Asp Gly Asn Tyr Val Val 20 25 30 Ser Arg Gly Asp Gly
Trp Ile Leu Ser Arg Gln Asn Gln Ile Leu Gly 35 40 45 Gly Ser Val
Ile Ser Asn Gly Ser Thr Gly Ile Val Gly Asp Leu Arg 50 55 60 Val
Asn Asp Asn Ala Ile Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Pro Thr Pro Ser Phe Asn 65 70
75 80 Glu Glu Tyr Ile Lys Asn Asn Ile Gln Thr Val Phe Ala Asn Phe
Thr 85 90 95 Glu Ala Asn Gln Ile Pro Ile Gly Phe Glu Phe Ser Lys
Thr Ala Pro 100 105 110 Ser Asn Lys Asn Leu Tyr Met Tyr Leu Gln Tyr
Thr Tyr Ile Arg Tyr 115 120 125 Glu Ile Ile Lys Val Leu Gln His Glu
Ile Ile Glu Arg Ala Val Leu 130 135 140 Tyr Val Pro Ser Leu Gly Tyr
Val Lys Ser Ile Glu Phe Asn Pro Gly 145 150 155 160 Glu Lys Ile Asn
Lys Asp Phe Tyr Phe Leu Thr Asn Asp Lys Cys Ile 165 170 175 Leu Asn
Glu Gln Phe Leu Tyr Lys Lys Ile Leu Glu Thr Thr Lys Asn 180 185 190
Ile Pro Thr Asn Asn Ile Phe Asn Ser Lys Val Ser Ser Thr Gln Arg 195
200 205 Val Leu Pro Tyr Ser Asn Gly Leu Tyr Val Ile Asn Lys Gly Asp
Gly 210 215 220 Tyr Ile Arg Thr Asn Asp Lys Asp Leu Ile Gly Thr Leu
Leu Ile Glu 225 230 235 240 Ala Gly Ser Ser Gly Ser Ile Ile Gln Pro
Arg Leu Arg Asn Thr Thr 245 250 255 Arg Pro Leu Phe Thr Thr Ser Asn
Asp Ala Lys Phe Ser Gln Gln Tyr 260 265 270 Thr Glu Glu Arg Leu Lys
Asp Ala Phe Asn Val Gln Leu Phe Asn Thr 275 280 285 Ser Thr Ser Leu
Phe Lys Phe Val Glu Glu Ala Pro Ser Asn Lys Asn 290 295 300 Ile Cys
Ile Lys Ala Tyr Asn Thr Tyr Glu Lys Tyr Glu Leu Ile Asp 305 310 315
320 Tyr Gln Asn Gly Ser Ile Val Asn Lys Ala Glu Tyr Tyr Leu Pro Ser
325 330 335 Leu Gly Tyr Cys Glu Val Thr Asn Ala Pro Ser Pro Glu Ser
Glu Val 340 345 350 Val Lys Thr Gln Val Ala Glu Asp Gly Phe Ile Gln
Asn Gly Pro Glu 355 360 365 Glu Glu Ile Val Val Gly Val Ile Asp Pro
Ser Glu Asn Ile Gln Glu 370 375 380 Ile Asn Thr Ala Ile Ser Asp Asn
Tyr Thr Tyr Asn Ile Pro Gly Ile 385 390 395 400 Val Asn Asn Asn Pro
Phe Tyr Ile Leu Phe Thr Val Asn Thr Thr Gly 405 410 415 Ile Tyr Lys
Ile Asn Ala Gln Asn Asn Leu Pro Ser Leu Lys Ile Tyr 420 425 430 Glu
Ala Ile Gly Ser Gly Asn Arg Asn Phe Gln Ser Gly Asn Leu Cys 435 440
445 Asp Asp Asp Ile Lys Ala Ile Asn Tyr Ile Thr Gly Phe Asp Ser Pro
450 455 460 Asn Ala Lys Ser Tyr Leu Val Val Leu Leu Asn Lys Asp Lys
Asn Tyr 465 470 475 480 Tyr Ile Arg Val Pro Gln Thr Ser Ser Asn Ile
Glu Asn Gln Ile Lys 485 490 495 Phe Lys Arg Glu Glu Gly Asp Leu Arg
Asn Leu Met Asn Ser Ser Val 500 505 510 Asn Ile Ile Asp Asn Leu Asn
Ser Thr Gly Ala His Tyr Tyr Thr Arg 515 520 525 Gln Ser Pro Asp Val
His Asp Tyr Ile Ser Tyr Glu Phe Thr Ile Pro 530 535 540 Gly Asn Phe
Asn Asn Lys Asp Thr Ser Asn Ile Arg Leu Tyr Thr Ser 545 550 555 560
Tyr Asn Gln Gly Ile Gly Thr Leu Phe Arg Val Thr Glu Thr Ile Asp 565
570 575 Gly Tyr Asn Leu Ile Asn Ile Gln Gln Asn Leu Asn Leu Leu Asn
Ser 580 585 590 Thr Lys Ser Ile Arg Leu Leu Asn Gly Ala Ile Tyr Ile
Leu Lys Val 595 600 605 Glu Val Thr Glu Leu Asn Asn Tyr Asn Ile Lys
Leu His Ile Asp Ile 610 615 620 Thr Asn 625 4885DNAClostridium
botulinumCDS(1)..(885) 4atg gaa cac tat tca aca atc caa aat tca tta
aat gac aaa atc gtt 48Met Glu His Tyr Ser Thr Ile Gln Asn Ser Leu
Asn Asp Lys Ile Val 1 5 10 15 acc atc tcc tgt aag gct aat aca gat
tta ttt ttt tat caa gtt ccc 96Thr Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Asn Thr Asp
Leu Phe Phe Tyr Gln Val Pro 20 25 30 ggt aac ggt aac gtt agc tta
ttt caa caa act aga aat tac ctt gaa 144Gly Asn Gly Asn Val Ser Leu
Phe Gln Gln Thr Arg Asn Tyr Leu Glu 35 40 45 aga tgg aga att ata
tat gat tct aat aaa gct gct tat aaa ata aaa 192Arg Trp Arg Ile Ile
Tyr Asp Ser Asn Lys Ala Ala Tyr Lys Ile Lys 50 55 60 agt atg aat
atc tat aat act aat tta gtt tta aca tgg aat gca cca 240Ser Met Asn
Ile Tyr Asn Thr Asn Leu Val Leu Thr Trp Asn Ala Pro 65 70 75 80 aca
cat aat ata tca gcg caa caa gat tca aat gca gat aat caa tat 288Thr
His Asn Ile Ser Ala Gln Gln Asp Ser Asn Ala Asp Asn Gln Tyr 85 90
95 tgg tta tta tta aaa gac att ggt aac aat tca ttt att att gca agt
336Trp Leu Leu Leu Lys Asp Ile Gly Asn Asn Ser Phe Ile Ile Ala Ser
100 105 110 tat aaa aac cct aac tta gta tta tat gct gat acc gta gct
cgt aat 384Tyr Lys Asn Pro Asn Leu Val Leu Tyr Ala Asp Thr Val Ala
Arg Asn 115 120 125 ttg aag ctt agc aca ctt aat aat tca agt tat ata
aaa ttt atc ata 432Leu Lys Leu Ser Thr Leu Asn Asn Ser Ser Tyr Ile
Lys Phe Ile Ile 130 135 140 gaa gat tat gta ata tca gat ttt aaa aat
ttc aca tgt aga ata agt 480Glu Asp Tyr Val Ile Ser Asp Phe Lys Asn
Phe Thr Cys Arg Ile Ser 145 150 155 160 cca ata tta gcc ggt ggt aaa
gtt gta caa caa gtg tct atg aca aat 528Pro Ile Leu Ala Gly Gly Lys
Val Val Gln Gln Val Ser Met Thr Asn 165 170 175 cta gct gtt aat tta
tat att tgg aac aat gat ctc aat caa aaa tgg 576Leu Ala Val Asn Leu
Tyr Ile Trp Asn Asn Asp Leu Asn Gln Lys Trp 180 185 190 aca att ata
tat aat gaa gaa aaa gca gca tac cag ttt ttt aat aaa 624Thr Ile Ile
Tyr Asn Glu Glu Lys Ala Ala Tyr Gln Phe Phe Asn Lys 195 200 205 ata
ctt tca aac gga gtt cta aca tgg att ttt tca gat ggt aat act 672Ile
Leu Ser Asn Gly Val Leu Thr Trp Ile Phe Ser Asp Gly Asn Thr 210 215
220 gta aga gtt tct tct agt gcg caa aac aat gat gcc caa tat tgg ctt
720Val Arg Val Ser Ser Ser Ala Gln Asn Asn Asp Ala Gln Tyr Trp Leu
225 230 235 240 ata aat cct gtt tca gat aat tat gac aga tat aca att
act aat cta 768Ile Asn Pro Val Ser Asp Asn Tyr Asp Arg Tyr Thr Ile
Thr Asn Leu 245 250 255 cgc gat aaa act aaa gtt cta gat tta tat ggc
ggc caa aca gca gac 816Arg Asp Lys Thr Lys Val Leu Asp Leu Tyr Gly
Gly Gln Thr Ala Asp 260 265 270 gga act act att caa gta ttt aat tct
aat gga ggt gat aat cag ata 864Gly Thr Thr Ile Gln Val Phe Asn Ser
Asn Gly Gly Asp Asn Gln Ile 275 280 285 tgg act atg agt aac cca taa
885Trp Thr Met Ser Asn Pro 290 5441DNAClostridium
botulinumCDS(1)..(441) 5atg tca gct gaa aga act ttt cta cct aat ggt
aat tac aat ata aaa 48Met Ser Ala Glu Arg Thr Phe Leu Pro Asn Gly
Asn Tyr Asn Ile Lys 1 5 10 15 tct atc ttt tct ggt tct tta tat tta
agt cct gta tca gga tca tta 96Ser Ile Phe Ser Gly Ser Leu Tyr Leu
Ser Pro Val Ser Gly Ser Leu 20 25 30 aca ttt tca aat gaa tct tct
gca aat aat caa aaa tgg aat gta gaa 144Thr Phe Ser Asn Glu Ser Ser
Ala Asn Asn Gln Lys Trp Asn Val Glu 35 40 45 tat atg gct gaa aat
aga tgc ttt aaa atc tct aat gta gca gaa cca 192Tyr Met Ala Glu Asn
Arg Cys Phe Lys Ile Ser Asn Val Ala Glu Pro 50 55 60 aat aag tat
tta agt tac gat aac ttt gga ttt att tct tta gat tca 240Asn Lys Tyr
Leu Ser Tyr Asp Asn Phe Gly Phe Ile Ser Leu Asp Ser 65 70 75 80 tta
tct aat aga tgc tac tgg ttt cct att aaa atc gct gta aat act 288Leu
Ser Asn Arg Cys Tyr Trp Phe Pro Ile Lys Ile Ala Val Asn Thr 85 90
95 tat att atg tta agt tta aat aaa gtg aat gaa tta gat tat gcc tgg
336Tyr Ile Met Leu Ser Leu Asn Lys Val Asn Glu Leu Asp Tyr Ala Trp
100 105 110 gac att tat gat act aat gaa aat att tta agt cag cca cta
ctc cta 384Asp Ile Tyr Asp Thr Asn Glu Asn Ile Leu Ser Gln Pro Leu
Leu Leu 115 120 125 cta cct aat ttt gat ata tac aat tca aat caa atg
ttc aaa ctt gaa 432Leu Pro Asn Phe Asp Ile Tyr Asn Ser Asn Gln Met
Phe Lys Leu Glu 130 135 140 aaa ata taa 441Lys Ile 145
61881DNAClostridium botulinumCDS(1)..(1881) 6atg aat tca tct ata
aaa aaa att tat aat cat ata caa gaa aaa gtt 48Met Asn Ser Ser Ile
Lys Lys Ile Tyr Asn His Ile Gln Glu Lys Val 1 5 10 15 ata aac tat
agt gat act att gat tta gct gat ggt aat tat gta gtt 96Ile Asn Tyr
Ser Asp Thr Ile Asp Leu Ala Asp Gly Asn Tyr Val Val 20 25 30 agc
aga ggg gat gga tgg ata tta tct aga caa aat caa ata cta ggt 144Ser
Arg Gly Asp Gly Trp Ile Leu Ser Arg Gln Asn Gln Ile Leu Gly 35 40
45 gga agt gta att agt aat gga tca aca gga ata gtt ggg gac cta cgt
192Gly Ser Val Ile Ser Asn Gly Ser Thr Gly Ile Val Gly Asp Leu Arg
50 55 60 gta aat gat aat gcg ata cca tat tat tat cca aca cca tcc
ttc aat 240Val Asn Asp Asn Ala Ile Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Pro Thr Pro Ser
Phe Asn 65 70 75 80 gaa gaa tat ata aaa aat aat ata caa act gta ttt
gct aac ttt act 288Glu Glu Tyr Ile Lys Asn Asn Ile Gln Thr Val Phe
Ala Asn Phe Thr 85 90 95 gaa gct aat caa att cca ata gga ttt gaa
ttt agt aaa acc gct ccc 336Glu Ala Asn Gln Ile Pro Ile Gly Phe Glu
Phe Ser Lys Thr Ala Pro 100 105 110 tca aat aaa aac tta tat atg tat
tta caa tat acc tac att aga tat 384Ser Asn Lys Asn Leu Tyr Met Tyr
Leu Gln Tyr Thr Tyr Ile Arg Tyr 115 120 125 gaa ata ata aaa gtc ttg
caa cat gaa att ata gaa aga gca gtt tta 432Glu Ile Ile Lys Val Leu
Gln His Glu Ile Ile Glu Arg Ala Val Leu 130 135 140 tat gtt cca tct
ctt gga tat gtt aag tct ata gaa ttt aat cca ggg 480Tyr Val Pro Ser
Leu Gly Tyr Val Lys Ser Ile Glu Phe Asn Pro Gly 145 150 155 160 gaa
aaa ata aat aaa gat ttt tac ttt tta act aat gat aag tgc att 528Glu
Lys Ile Asn Lys Asp Phe Tyr Phe Leu Thr Asn Asp Lys Cys Ile 165 170
175 tta aat gaa caa ttc cta tat aaa aaa att tta gaa act act aaa aat
576Leu Asn Glu Gln Phe Leu Tyr Lys Lys Ile Leu Glu Thr Thr Lys Asn
180 185 190 ata cca act aac aat att ttt aat tct aaa gtt agt agc aca
caa cga 624Ile Pro Thr Asn Asn Ile Phe Asn Ser Lys Val Ser Ser Thr
Gln Arg 195 200 205 gta ttg cct tat agt aat gga cta tat gtt att aat
aag ggt gat gga 672Val Leu Pro Tyr Ser Asn Gly Leu Tyr Val Ile Asn
Lys Gly Asp Gly 210 215 220 tat ata aga aca aat gat aaa gat ttg ata
ggt aca tta tta atc gaa 720Tyr Ile Arg Thr Asn Asp Lys Asp Leu Ile
Gly Thr Leu Leu Ile Glu 225 230 235 240 gca ggt tca tca gga agt att
ata caa cct cga tta aga aat aca act 768Ala Gly Ser Ser Gly Ser Ile
Ile Gln Pro Arg Leu Arg Asn Thr Thr 245 250 255 agg cca tta ttc acc
aca agt aat gat gca aaa ttc tca caa caa tat 816Arg Pro Leu Phe Thr
Thr Ser Asn Asp Ala Lys Phe Ser Gln Gln
Tyr 260 265 270 act gaa gaa aga ctt aaa gac gct ttc aat gta caa tta
ttt aat aca 864Thr Glu Glu Arg Leu Lys Asp Ala Phe Asn Val Gln Leu
Phe Asn Thr 275 280 285 tca aca tcg tta ttt aaa ttt gta gaa gaa gct
cct tca aat aaa aat 912Ser Thr Ser Leu Phe Lys Phe Val Glu Glu Ala
Pro Ser Asn Lys Asn 290 295 300 ata tgc ata aag gct tat aat acc tat
gaa aag tat gaa tta ata gac 960Ile Cys Ile Lys Ala Tyr Asn Thr Tyr
Glu Lys Tyr Glu Leu Ile Asp 305 310 315 320 tat caa aat gga agt att
gtt aat aaa gct gag tat tac ctt cct tcc 1008Tyr Gln Asn Gly Ser Ile
Val Asn Lys Ala Glu Tyr Tyr Leu Pro Ser 325 330 335 tta gga tat tgt
gaa gta act aat gct cct tca cct gaa tct gaa gta 1056Leu Gly Tyr Cys
Glu Val Thr Asn Ala Pro Ser Pro Glu Ser Glu Val 340 345 350 gtt aaa
acg caa gtg gct gaa gat gga ttt ata cag aat ggc ccc gag 1104Val Lys
Thr Gln Val Ala Glu Asp Gly Phe Ile Gln Asn Gly Pro Glu 355 360 365
gaa gaa atc gta gta ggt gtc ata gac cca tct gaa aat ata caa gaa
1152Glu Glu Ile Val Val Gly Val Ile Asp Pro Ser Glu Asn Ile Gln Glu
370 375 380 ata aat act gct att tca gat aat tac aca tat aac att ccg
ggt att 1200Ile Asn Thr Ala Ile Ser Asp Asn Tyr Thr Tyr Asn Ile Pro
Gly Ile 385 390 395 400 gta aat aat aat cca ttt tat ata tta ttt aca
gta aat act aca gga 1248Val Asn Asn Asn Pro Phe Tyr Ile Leu Phe Thr
Val Asn Thr Thr Gly 405 410 415 att tat aaa att aat gct caa aat aat
cta cca tca tta aaa ata tat 1296Ile Tyr Lys Ile Asn Ala Gln Asn Asn
Leu Pro Ser Leu Lys Ile Tyr 420 425 430 gaa gcg ata ggt tct ggt aat
aga aat ttc caa tct ggg aat tta tgt 1344Glu Ala Ile Gly Ser Gly Asn
Arg Asn Phe Gln Ser Gly Asn Leu Cys 435 440 445 gat gat gat att aaa
gca ata aat tat att act ggg ttt gac agt cct 1392Asp Asp Asp Ile Lys
Ala Ile Asn Tyr Ile Thr Gly Phe Asp Ser Pro 450 455 460 aat gct aaa
agt tat tta gtt gtt ttg ctt aat aag gat aaa aat tac 1440Asn Ala Lys
Ser Tyr Leu Val Val Leu Leu Asn Lys Asp Lys Asn Tyr 465 470 475 480
tac att aga gta cca caa act tct tct aat ata gaa aat caa ata aaa
1488Tyr Ile Arg Val Pro Gln Thr Ser Ser Asn Ile Glu Asn Gln Ile Lys
485 490 495 ttc aag aga gaa gaa ggg gat ctc cga aat tta atg aat tct
tca gtt 1536Phe Lys Arg Glu Glu Gly Asp Leu Arg Asn Leu Met Asn Ser
Ser Val 500 505 510 aat ata ata gat aat ctt aat tca aca ggt gca cat
tac tat aca aga 1584Asn Ile Ile Asp Asn Leu Asn Ser Thr Gly Ala His
Tyr Tyr Thr Arg 515 520 525 caa agc cct gat gtc cat gac tat att tca
tat gaa ttt aca ata cct 1632Gln Ser Pro Asp Val His Asp Tyr Ile Ser
Tyr Glu Phe Thr Ile Pro 530 535 540 ggt aac ttt aat aat aaa gat aca
tct aac att agg ctt tat act agt 1680Gly Asn Phe Asn Asn Lys Asp Thr
Ser Asn Ile Arg Leu Tyr Thr Ser 545 550 555 560 tat aac caa gga ata
ggt act tta ttt aga gtc act gaa act att gac 1728Tyr Asn Gln Gly Ile
Gly Thr Leu Phe Arg Val Thr Glu Thr Ile Asp 565 570 575 ggc tat aat
tta att aat ata caa caa aat tta aat ctc tta aat agt 1776Gly Tyr Asn
Leu Ile Asn Ile Gln Gln Asn Leu Asn Leu Leu Asn Ser 580 585 590 acc
aag tca ata cgt tta tta aat ggt gca att tat ata tta aaa gta 1824Thr
Lys Ser Ile Arg Leu Leu Asn Gly Ala Ile Tyr Ile Leu Lys Val 595 600
605 gaa gtt aca gaa tta aat aac tat aat ata aaa ttg cat ata gat att
1872Glu Val Thr Glu Leu Asn Asn Tyr Asn Ile Lys Leu His Ile Asp Ile
610 615 620 act aat taa 1881Thr Asn 625 710PRTArtificialsynthetic
peptide 7Met Asp Tyr Lys Asp Asp Asp Asp Lys Leu 1 5 10
824PRTArtificialsynthetic peptide 8Met Ala Ser Trp Ser His Pro Gln
Phe Glu Lys Gly Ala Leu Glu Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Phe Gln Gly Pro Gly
Tyr Gln 20 931DNAArtificialprimer 9cactataagc ttatccaaaa ttcattaaat
g 311030DNAArtificialprimer 10gttgataggt accttatggg ttactcatag
301130DNAArtificialprimer 11tgaataagct ttcagctgaa agaacttttc
301232DNAArtificialprimer 12cactttggta ccttatattt tttcaagttt ga
321331DNAArtificialprimer 13gaaaaagggt accaatatag tgatactatt g
311431DNAArtificialprimer 14cgtgtcgact taattagtaa tatctatatg c
31
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