U.S. patent application number 14/260775 was filed with the patent office on 2015-10-29 for sunscreen compositions.
This patent application is currently assigned to Avon Products, Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is Avon Products, Inc.. Invention is credited to Juliana Fanizza, Ashley L. Howell, William E. McNamara.
Application Number | 20150306017 14/260775 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 54332973 |
Filed Date | 2015-10-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150306017 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Fanizza; Juliana ; et
al. |
October 29, 2015 |
Sunscreen Compositions
Abstract
Compositions comprising an organic sunscreen in combination with
(i) nylon particles, (ii) silica particles, and (iii) barium
sulfate particles provide an improvement in SPF as compared to an
otherwise identical composition lacking any one of the three
ingredients (i)-(iii). The compositions advantageously provide high
diffuse transmittance, giving a natural look to the skin.
Inventors: |
Fanizza; Juliana; (Warwick,
NY) ; Howell; Ashley L.; (Oakland, NJ) ;
McNamara; William E.; (Chester, NY) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Avon Products, Inc. |
Suffern |
NY |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Avon Products, Inc.
Suffern
NY
|
Family ID: |
54332973 |
Appl. No.: |
14/260775 |
Filed: |
April 24, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/401 ; 424/59;
424/60 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/0279 20130101;
A61K 2800/624 20130101; A61K 2800/54 20130101; A61K 2800/614
20130101; A61Q 17/04 20130101; A61K 2800/591 20130101; A61K 8/88
20130101; A61K 8/025 20130101; A61K 8/0241 20130101; A61K 2800/654
20130101; A61K 8/25 20130101; A61K 8/35 20130101; A61K 2800/262
20130101; A61K 2800/43 20130101; A61K 8/37 20130101; A61K 8/23
20130101; A61K 8/19 20130101; A61K 2800/652 20130101; A61K 8/891
20130101; A61K 8/40 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/88 20060101
A61K008/88; A61K 8/23 20060101 A61K008/23; A61Q 17/04 20060101
A61Q017/04; A61K 8/35 20060101 A61K008/35; A61K 8/40 20060101
A61K008/40; A61K 8/25 20060101 A61K008/25; A61K 8/37 20060101
A61K008/37 |
Claims
1. A composition comprising an organic sunscreen and an
SPF-boosting composition comprising: (i) nylon particles; (ii)
silica particles; and (iii) barium sulfate particles, wherein the
SPF-boosting composition provides an increase in SPF as compared to
an otherwise identical combination lacking any one of the three
components, (i)-(iii).
2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of
components (i) to (ii) to (iii) is about 5-15:1-10:5-15.
3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of
components (i) to (ii) to (iii) is about 2:1:2.
4. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said nylon particles
comprise from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition;
said silica particles comprise from about 0.5% to about 5% by
weight of the composition; and said barium sulfate particles
comprise from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the
composition.
5. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said nylon particles
are surface treated with hydrogen dimethicone.
6. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said nylon particles
comprise porous nylon-6 particles.
7. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said nylon particles
comprise porous nylon-6 particles surface treated with hydrogen
dimethicone.
8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said silica
particles are spherical.
9. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising a
pigment.
10. A composition according to claim 7, wherein said pigment is
iron oxide.
11. A composition according to claim 8, wherein said iron oxide is
coated with silica.
12. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the boost in SPF is
at least about 10%.
13. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the organic
sunscreen is selected from ethylhexyl-methoxycinnamate, homosalate,
octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, octocrylene and Avobenzone.
14. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition
achieves diffuse transmittance of at least 40.
15. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is
anhydrous.
16. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition
comprises an oil-in-water emulsion.
17. A method for protecting a human integument against UV damage
comprising applying to said integument a composition comprising an
organic sunscreen and an SPF-boosting composition comprising: (iv)
nylon particles; (v) silica particles; and (vi) barium sulfate
particles, wherein the SPF-boosting composition provides an
increase in SPF as compared to an otherwise identical combination
lacking any one of the three components, (i)-(iii).
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates generally to compositions and methods
for protecting human integuments against damage from ultraviolet
(UV) rays. More specifically, the invention relates to the use of a
composition that boosts the sun protection factor (SPF) of an
organic sunscreen.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] It is now generally recognized that exposure to solar
radiation can have adverse health consequences, sometimes not
appearing until several years following exposure. Of course, the
immediately appearing sunburn from an overexposure is painful and
can itself be a serious acute health problem.
[0003] Products are available to reduce the amount of solar UV
radiation received by the skin during exposure to the sun's rays.
Typical product formulations are lotions, sprays, creams,
ointments, or gels containing chemical and/or physical barriers to
ultraviolet transmission. These vary considerably in their
abilities to protect the skin against the physical and biochemical
effects of UV radiation.
[0004] Earlier sunscreen formulations were designed to protect
against sunburn from a limited solar exposure period, while
transmitting sufficient radiation to permit skin tanning. However,
the current focus is on eliminating as much UV exposure as
possible, it being recognized that skin tanning is an indication of
tissue damage from overexposure to solar radiation. It is believed
that any amount of unprotected exposure can lead to future health
problems, such as skin carcinomas and other dermatological
disorders. Sunscreens and UV filters are important components of
skin care products generally to prevent the harmful rays of the sun
from exacerbating or accelerating the aging process. These actives
are typically present in an amount to provide a Sun Protection
Factor (SPF) value of from 2 to about 50 or higher.
[0005] Many organic sunscreens are known in the art. Some examples
include PABA, ethylhexyl-methoxycinnamate, homomethyl salicylate,
octyl salicylate, and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone),
and the like. Not only are these ingredients costly, but many
sunscreen products have undesirable aesthetic attributes which may
limit their use.
[0006] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide
compositions for boosting the SPF of an organic sunscreen. It is a
further object of the invention to provide compositions that impart
protection against UV rays while providing desirable aesthetics on
the skin.
[0007] The foregoing discussion is presented solely to provide a
better understanding of nature of the problems confronting the art
and should not be construed in any way as an admission as to prior
art nor should the citation of any reference herein be construed as
an admission that such reference constitutes "prior art" to the
instant application.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] In accordance with the foregoing objectives and others, it
has surprisingly been found that compositions comprising an organic
sunscreen in combination with (i) nylon particles (e.g., porous
nylon-6 particles treated with hydrogen dimethicone or non-porous
nylon-12 particles), (ii) silica particles (e.g., spherical silica
particles), and (iii) barium sulfate particles can provide an
improvement in SPF as compared to an otherwise identical
composition lacking any one of the three ingredients (i)-(iii). In
some embodiments, the improvement is synergistic by which is meant
that the improvement in SPF is more than additive of the
improvement in SPF seen when components (i)-(iii) are employed
individually. In some embodiments, the SPF of the composition is at
least about 10% greater, at least about 20% greater, at least about
30% greater, at least about 40% greater, or at least 50% greater or
more than the SPF of an otherwise identical composition lacking any
one of components (i)-(iii).
[0009] The compositions of the invention typically comprises an
organic sunscreen. In one embodiment, the composition may comprise
ethylhexyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC), homosalate, octyl salicylate,
Avobenzone, or any combination thereof. The amount of organic
sunscreen may be, collectively or individually, from about 0.5% to
about 50%, more typically from about 1% to about 20%, and more
typically still from about 2.5% to about 15% by weight of the total
composition. The composition may comprise nylon particles (e.g.,
porous nylon-6) in an amount from about 0.5% to about 20%,
typically from about 1% to about 10%, or from about 2% to about
10%, or about 5% by weight of the total composition. The
composition may comprise silica particles (e.g., spherical silica)
in an amount from about 0.5% to about 20%, typically from about 1%
to about 10%, or from about 1% to about 5%, or about 2.5% by weight
of the total composition. The composition may comprise barium
sulfate particles in an amount from about 0.5% to about 20%,
typically from about 1% to about 10%, or from about 2% to about
10%, or about 5% by weight of the total composition. The weight
ratio of nylon to silica to barium sulfate may be, for example,
from about 5 to about 15 parts of nylon to from about 1 to about 10
parts of silica to from about 5 to about 15 parts of barium
sulfate. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of nylon to silica to
barium sulfate may be about 2:1:2. The composition may optionally
comprise one or more colorants (e.g., pigments, lakes, dyes, etc.)
In one embodiment the composition comprises iron oxide pigments
(e.g., in an amount from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight). In
another embodiment the composition comprises silica-coated iron
oxide pigment particles (e.g., in an amount from about 0.1 to about
10% by weight). Also provided are methods for protecting a human
integument against UV damage comprising applying a composition of
the present invention to the human integument, including a
keratinous surface such as skin or hair.
[0010] The compositions according to the invention advantageously
provide high diffuse transmittance which contributes to a more
natural appearance on the skin and also serves to blur fine lines
and blemishes, contributing to an overall improvement in the
appearance of human skin.
[0011] These and other aspects of the present invention will become
apparent to those skilled in the art after a reading of the
following detailed description of the invention, including the
appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0012] All amounts provided in terms of weight percentage are
relative to the entire composition (i.e., including solvent or
vehicle) unless otherwise stated. It will be understood that the
total of all weight percentages in a given composition will not
exceed 100%.
[0013] The term "keratinous surface" includes skin, hair, lashes,
and nails. The term "skin" is intended to include skin of the face,
neck, chest, arms, hands, lips, etc.
[0014] The term "consisting essentially of" is intended to include
only those components that do not materially alter the basic and
novel features of the inventive compositions, including without
limitation, the SPF and/or diffuse transmittance/soft focus of the
cosmetic.
[0015] The compositions of the invention comprise a combination of
particulates comprising polymeric particles (e.g., a polyamide such
as porous nylon particles), silica particles (e.g., spherical
silica particles), and barium sulfate particles (e.g., synthetic
barium sulfate particles). The compositions further comprise an
organic sunscreen (e.g., octyl methoxycinnamate, etc.).
[0016] One component of the present invention is a polymeric powder
or particulate. In one embodiment, the polymeric powder or
particulate comprises a polyamide (e.g., nylon) particulate
material. In general, any polyamide particle is contemplated to be
suitable, including nylon particles, such as nylon-6,6; nylon-6;
nylon-6,9; nylon-6,10; nylon-6,12; nylon-10,10 (e.g., Tegolon.RTM.
ECO from Evonik); nylon-11; nylon-12, and nylon-4,6, and the like.
Nylon particles may be porous or non-porous, and/or spherical
particles. In one embodiment, porous particles of nylon-6
(polycaprolactam) polymer may be used. The porous nylon particles
may, for example, have a bulk density of less than 0.5 g/cc, or
less than 0.45 g/cc, or less than 0.4 g/cc, or less than 0.35 g/cc,
or less than about 0.3 g/cc. In another embodiment, non-porous
particles of nylon-12 polymer may be used. The nylon particles may
be surface treated to impart hydrophobicity. The surface treatment
may comprise a hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, and/or silicone chain.
The chain may be covalently bound to the surface of the particle
through any functional group, including, without limitation, a
silane linkage. In one embodiment, nylon particles (e.g., porous
nylon-6) may be treated with hydrogen dimethicone to provide water
repellency. The size of the nylon particles may range from about
0.5 to about 40 microns in diameter, typically from about 2 to
about 15 microns, or from about 3 to about 8 microns. Suitable
porous nylon particles include POMP 605 and POMP 605-S101 from UBE
Industries. One suitable non-porous nylon particle is SP-500 from
Kobo Products, Inc.
[0017] Another component of the present invention is a silica
particulate. Silica particles may range in average size from about
1 to about 100 microns, or from about 1 to about 40 microns, or
from about 5 to about 15 microns. In one embodiment the silica
particles have a size of about 12 microns. In one embodiment the
silica particles are spherical silica particles. One suitable
spherical silica particulate material is MSS-500W from Kobo
Products. The silica particles may be optionally surface treated to
increase oil and/or water repellency or to improve dispersion in
the vehicle. In some embodiments, alumina particles, such as
spherical alumina particles may be used in place of some or all of
the silica particles. In other embodiments the compositions are
free of alumina particles or are substantially free of alumina
particles by which is meant that the composition contains less than
1% by weight, or less than 0.5% by weight, or less than 0.25% by
weight, or less than 0.1% by weight of alumina particles.
[0018] Another component of the present invention is barium sulfate
in particulate form. In one embodiment barium sulfate particles may
be synthetically produced. Barium sulfate particles may be
insoluble in water or organic solvents, resistant to acids and
alkali, and color neutral due to their refractive index. In one
embodiment, the average particle size of barium sulfate particles
is greater than 0.1 micron, typically greater than 0.2 micron, more
typically greater than 0.5 micron. In another embodiment, the
median particle size of barium sulfate particles is from about 0.5
to about 40 microns, or from about 0.75 to about 25 microns, or
from about 1 to about 10 microns, or about 3 microns. Examples of
suitable barium sulfate particles are "USP Barium Sulfate for
Formulation" from Mallinckrodt Inc or "Blanc Fixe XR-HN" from
Sachtleben Chemie GmbH.
[0019] The compositions of the invention typically comprise one or
more organic sunscreens. These may include, but are not limited to,
water soluble sunscreens (such as Eusolex 232); oil soluble
sunscreens (such as octyl methoxycinnamate); and other organic
sunscreens (such as camphor derivatives, cinnamates, salicylates
(e.g., octyl salicylate (octisalate), homomenthyl salicylate
(homosalate)), benzophenones, paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA), PABA
derivatives, including octyl dimethyl PABA and ethyl PABA,
diphenylacrylate derivatives, and dibenzoylmethane derivatives such
as butylmethoxy dibenzoylmethane (avobenzone), benzophenone-3
(oxybenzone), dioxybenzone, menthyl anthranilate, octocrylene,
drometrizole trisiloxane, 4-methyl benzilidene camphor, octyl
triazone, triazines, including hydroxy methylphenyl benzotriazole,
methylene bisbenzotriazoyl-tetramethylbutylphenol,
bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenol triazine, and mixtures
thereof. The sunscreen may be present in the amount from about 1%
to about 30% by weight of the total composition, typically from
about 1% to about 10% by weight.
[0020] The compositions of the invention may optionally comprise
one or more colorants. Suitable colorants include dyes, pigments,
lakes and particulate fillers. In one embodiment, the composition
includes from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a pigment, such
as an inorganic oxide, including metal oxides such as iron oxide,
titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and the like.
[0021] Exemplary inorganic pigments include, but are not limited
to, inorganic oxides and hydroxides such as magnesium oxide,
magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxides, aluminum
oxide, aluminum hydroxide, iron oxides (.alpha.-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3,
.gamma.-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.3O.sub.4, FeO) and iron hydroxides
including red iron oxide, yellow iron oxide and black iron oxide,
titanium dioxide, titanium lower oxides, zirconium oxides, chromium
oxides, chromium hydroxides, manganese oxides, manganese
hydroxides, cobalt oxides, cobalt hydroxides, cerium oxides, cerium
hydroxides, nickel oxides, nickel hydroxides, zinc oxides and zinc
hydroxides and composite oxides and composite hydroxides such as
iron titanate, cobalt titanate and cobalt aluminate and the like.
The inorganic pigment particles may contain optional coatings, such
as, for example, silica, titania, and the like. In one embodiment,
the pigments have a particle size from 5 nm to 500 microns, or from
5 nm to 250 microns, or from 10 nm to 100 microns. In some
embodiments, the particle size (median) will be less than about 5
microns or less than 1 micron.
[0022] Additional exemplary color additives are lakes including,
for example: D&C Red No. 19 (e.g., CI 45170, CI 73360 or CI
45430); D&C Red No. 9 (CI 15585); D&C Red No. 21 (CI
45380); D&C Orange No. 4 (CI 15510); D&C Orange No. 5 (CI
45370); D&C Red No. 27 (CI 45410); D&C Red No. 13 (CI
15630); D&C Red No. 7 (CI 15850:1); D&C Red No. 6 (CI
15850:2); D&C Yellow No. 5 (CI 19140); D&C Red No. 36 (CI
12085); D&C Orange No. 10 (CI 45475); D&C Yellow No. 19 (CI
15985); FD&C Red #40 (CI#16035); FD&C Blue #1 (CI#42090);
FD&C Yellow #5 (CI#19140); or any combinations thereof.
[0023] Suitable fillers include without limitation silica, surface
treated silica, talc, zinc stearate, mica, kaolin, nylon particles
or powders such as Orgasol.RTM., polyethylene particles or powder,
PMMA powder, Teflon.RTM., polymeric beads or powders, including
copolymer microspheres such as Expancel.RTM. (Nobel Industries),
Polytrap.RTM. (Dow Corning) and silicone resin microbeads
(Tospearl.RTM. from Momentive) or silicone elastomeric particles,
and the like. Additional pigment/powder fillers include, but are
not limited to, inorganic powders such as gums, chalk, Fuller's
earth, kaolin, sericite, muscovite, phlogopite, synthetic mica,
lepidolite, biotite, lithia mica, vermiculite, aluminum silicate,
starch, smectite clays, alkyl and/or trialkyl aryl ammonium
smectites, chemically modified magnesium aluminum silicate,
organically modified montmorillonite clay, hydrated aluminum
silicate, fumed aluminum starch octenyl succinate barium silicate,
calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, strontium silicate, metal
tungstate, magnesium, silica alumina, zeolite, barium sulfate,
calcined calcium sulfate (calcined gypsum), calcium phosphate,
fluorine apatite, hydroxyapatite, ceramic powder, metallic soap
(zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc myristate, calcium
palmitate, and aluminum stearate), colloidal silicone dioxide, and
boron nitride; cyclodextrin, copolymer powder of styrene and
acrylic acid, benzoguanamine resin powder, and carboxyvinyl
polymer, starch, cellulose powder and modified cellulose powders
such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,
cellulose beads, ethylene glycol monostearate; and
stabilizers/rheology modifiers, for example, Bentone Gel and
Rheopearl TT2.
[0024] The amount and type of the additional colorants and light
diffusers used will vary depending upon the nature of the final
product and the desired intensity of color; generally, however, the
amount of such additional colorants typically will be about 0.01 wt
% to about 75 wt %, and more typically from about 0.25 wt % to
about 10 wt % or even 50 wt %, by weight of the total composition,
depending on the nature of the final cosmetic.
[0025] The inventive combination of components described herein
ideally provides improved optical blurring, soft focus, and high
chroma. An optical diffuser is a particle that changes the surface
optometrics of skin, resulting in a visual blurring and softening
of, for example, lines and wrinkles Examples of optical diffusers
that can be used in the present invention include, but are not
limited to, boron nitride, mica, nylon, polymethylmethacrylate
(PMMA), polyurethane powder, sericite, silica, silicone powder,
talc, Teflon, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, titania fibers,
polyamide-6 powders or any mixtures thereof. When present, the
optical diffuser may be present from about 0.01 wt % to about 20 wt
% of the total weight of the composition.
[0026] In some embodiments, the compositions comprise an
interference or pearlescent pigment, such as bismuth oxychloride or
titanated mica. Pearls and interference pigments, when present,
will typically comprise from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of
the total composition. In other embodiments the compositions of the
present invention may be free of, or substantially free of
interference pigments. Substantially free of interference pigments
means less than about 1%, and preferably less than about 0.5%, and
more preferred still less than about 0.1% by weight of the entire
composition.
[0027] In some embodiments, the pigments, lakes, and/or fillers may
be surface treated. The surface treatment may for example, make the
particles more hydrophobic or more dispersible in a vehicle. The
surface of the particles may, for example, be covalently or
ionically bound to an organic molecule or silicon-based molecule or
may be adsorbed thereto, or the particle may be physically coated
with a layer of material. The surface treatment may comprise, in
some embodiment, a material selected from aluminum laurate,
aluminum stearate, an amino acid, chitin, collagen, fluorochemical,
lecithin metal soap, natural wax, polyacrylate, polyethylene,
silicone, silane, titanatate ester, urethane, dimethicone,
perfluoropolymethylisopropyl ether, styrene acrylates copolymer,
magnesium myristate, lauroyl lysine and a combination thereof. In
other embodiments, the surface treatment comprises a material
selected from methicone, triethoxycaprylyisilane,
trimethoxycaprylylsilane, dimethicone copolyol and a combination
thereof. In one embodiment, the particulate colorant has been
surface treated with an alkylsilane, such as a C.sub.1-20
alkylsilane, or more typically a C.sub.1-12 alkylsilane, including
an exemplary embodiment wherein the particle is surface-treated
with a C.sub.8 alkylsilane (e.g., caprylylsilane). The colorants
may be prepared, for example, by treating a particulate with a
trialkoxyalkylsdane, such as Triethoxycaprylyisilane (INCI) or
Trimethoxycaprylyisilane (INCI). In another embodiment, the
particulate has been surface treated with a fluoroalkylsilane, and
in particular a perfluoroalkylsilane, such as a C.sub.1-20
perfluoroalkylsilane, or more typically a C.sub.1-12
perfluoroalkylsilane, including an exemplary embodiment wherein the
particulate colorant is surface-treated with a C.sub.8
perfluoroalkylsilane. These may be prepared by treating a
particulate colorant with a trialkoxyfluoroalkylsilane, such as
Perfluorooctyl Triethoxysilane (INCI). An example of such a
compound is tridecafluorooctyltriethoxy silane.
[0028] The cosmetic compositions of the invention may optionally
include one or more agents that provide or enhance shine. Shine
enhancing agents will typically have a refractive index greater
than about 1.4, preferably greater than about 1.5 when measured as
a film at 25.degree. C. Suitable shine enhancing agents include
without limitation, polyols (e.g., glycerin), fatty esters,
silicone oils, phenylpropyldimethylsiloxysilicate, polybutene,
polyisobutene, hydrogenated polyisobutene, hydrogenated
polycyclopentadiene, propyl phenyl silsesquioxane resins; lauryl
methicone copolyol, perfluorononyl dimethicone,
dimethicone/trisiloxane, methyl trimethicone, and combinations
thereof. In one embodiment, the composition will comprise a
shine-enhancing agent in an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% by
weight, more preferably from about 1% to about 5% by weight, based
on the total weight of the composition.
[0029] The cosmetic compositions of the invention may optionally
include one or more waxes. The one or more waxes can be natural
(e.g., vegetable, animal, or mineral) waxes or synthetic waxes
(e.g., polyolefin, Fisher Tropsch, etc.). Suitable waxes that may
be mentioned include, without glyceryl tribehenate, candelilla,
carnauba, ozokerite, paraffin, polyethylene, microcrystalline wax,
beeswax, ceresin, hydrogenated castor oil, japan wax, and mixtures
thereof. In one embodiment, the amount of wax is from about 0.1 wt
% to about 25 wt % of the total weight of the composition. In
another embodiment, the amount of wax ranges from about 1% to about
20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. In
another embodiment the composition may comprise wax from about 5%
to about 15% by weight based on the weight of the composition. In
other embodiments the compositions may be wax free or substantially
wax free (e.g., less than 1%, or less than 0.5%, or less than
0.25%, or less than 0.1% wax by weight of the composition).
[0030] The compositions of the invention may comprise one or more
film formers, for example a hydrophobic film-former. The
hydrophobic film former may be any hydrophobic material suitable
for use in a cosmetic composition including, waxes, oils, and
hydrophobic film-forming polymers. The term film-forming polymer
may be understood to indicate a polymer which is capable, by itself
or in the presence of at least one auxiliary film-forming agent, of
forming a continuous film which adheres to a surface and functions
as a binder for the particulate material. The term "hydrophobic"
film-forming polymer will typically refer to a polymer with a
solubility in water at 25.degree. C. of less than about 1% by
weight or one in which the monomeric units of the polymer
individually have a solubility in water of less than about 1% by
weight at 25.degree. C. A "hydrophobic" film forming polymer will
partition predominately into the octanol phase when shaken with a
mixture of equal volumes of water and octanol. By predominately is
meant more the 50% by weight, but preferably more than 75% by
weight, more preferably more than 95% by weight will partition into
the octanol phase.
[0031] Polymeric film formers include polyolefins, polyvinyls,
acrylates, alkyl acrylates, polyurethanes, silicones, silicone
acrylates, silicone polyurethanes, polyamides, polyimides,
polyesters, fluoropolymers, polyethers, polyacetates,
polycarbonates, rubbers, epoxys, formaldehyde resins, and
homopolymers and copolymers of any of the foregoing.
[0032] Other polymeric film formers include silicon-containing
polymers, including without limitation, dimethicone, dimethiconol,
Amino Bispropyl Dimethicone, Aminopropyl Dimethicone,
amodimethicone, Amodimethicone Hydroxystearate, Behenoxy
Dimethicone, C.sub.30-45 Alkyl Dimethicone, C.sub.24-28 Alkyl
Dimethicone, C.sub.30-45 Alkyl Methicone, Cetearyl Methicone, Cetyl
Dimethicone, Dimethoxysilyl Ethylenediaminopropyl Dimethicone,
Hexyl Methicone, Hydroxypropyldimethicone, Stearamidopropyl
Dimethicone, Stearoxy Dimethicone, Stearyl Methicone, Stearyl
Dimethicone, Vinyl Dimethicone, Dimethicon/Polyalkylene Ether
crosspolymers and copolymers, such as Dimethicone copolymers with
PEG and/or PPG.
[0033] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to add some amount
of a hydrophilic or water-soluble film former (e.g., cellulosics,
polysaccharides, polyquaterniums, etc.) to the composition to
improve spreading, emulsion stability, aesthetic look and feel,
etc. In some embodiments, the collective weight percentage of
hydrophilic or water-soluble film formers will be from about 0.001%
by weight to less than about 20%, preferably less than about 15%,
more preferably less than about 10%, and more preferably still,
less than about 5% by weight based on the total weight of the
composition.
[0034] Combinations of any of the foregoing film formers are also
contemplated to be suitable, including combinations or polymeric
and non-polymeric film formers and/or combinations of hydrophobic
and hydrophilic film forming polymers. The film formers, when
present, typically will comprise from about 0.01% to about 20% by
weight of the composition, and more typically from about 0.5% to
about 10% by weight of the composition.
[0035] The cosmetic compositions will typically comprise a
physiologically acceptable vehicle. By "physiologically acceptable"
is meant that the vehicle is safe for contact with human
integuments. It is contemplated that any acceptable vehicle known
in the art will be useful. The vehicle may comprise water,
hydrophobic organic solvents and/or hydrophilic organic solvents.
Suitable hydrophilic solvents include but are not limited to, lower
alcohols (e.g., C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alcohols, such as ethanol); and
glycols such as butylene glycol, propylene glycol, pentylene
glycol, caprylyl glycol, and the like. The vehicle may comprise an
oil, including for example, a hydrocarbon oil, ester oil, fatty
alcohols and esters, and/or silicone oil. Suitable oils include
ester oils, for example, vegetable oils; esters such as octyl
palmitate, isopropyl myristate and isopropyl palmitate; ethers
include dicapryl ether; fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol,
stearyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol; silicone oils include
dimethicones, cyclic silicones, cyclomethicone pentamer, and
polysiloxanes; hydrocarbon oils such as mineral oil, petrolatum,
isoeicosane and polyisobutene; isoparaffins such as isooctane,
isododecane, and isohexadecane, and squalane; additional natural or
synthetic waxes; and the like. Suitable hydrophobic hydrocarbon
oils may be saturated or unsaturated, have an aliphatic character
and be straight or branched chained or contain alicyclic or
aromatic rings. The oil-containing phase may be composed of a
singular oil or mixtures of different oils. Special mention may be
made of squalane and isododecane (IDD).
[0036] The compositions according to the invention may be
formulated as water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, oil-in-water (O/W)
emulsions, water-in-silicone, silicone-in-water emulsions, and the
like. These emulsions comprise a continuous phase and a
discontinuous phase. The continuous phase may be aqueous,
oil-based, or silicone-based and the discontinuous phase may
likewise be aqueous, oil-based, or silicone-based, depending on the
nature of the continuous phase. Combined oil and silicone phases
are also possible.
[0037] The oil phase may comprise any of the hydrophobic oils
discussed herein, including, without limitation, vegetable oils;
fatty acid esters; fatty alcohols; isoparaffins such as
isododecane; silicone oils such as dimethicones, cyclic silicones,
and polysiloxanes; hydrocarbon oils such as mineral oil,
petrolatum, isoeicosane and polyisobutene; natural or synthetic
waxes; and the like.
[0038] Emulsions will typically comprise an amount of emulsifier
sufficient to stabilize the emulsion. Suitable emulsifiers are
listed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,168,640, the disclosure of which is
hereby incorporated by reference. The amount of emulsifier will
typically be from about 0.001 wt % to about 20 wt %, but preferably
will range from about 0.01 to about 10 wt %, and most preferably
about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt %, based upon the total weight of the
composition.
[0039] The carrier (vehicle) will typically comprise from about 1%
to about 99% by weight of the composition, and more typically
between about 30% and about 80% by weight. In some embodiments, the
carrier comprises between about 50% and about 70% by weight of the
composition. The vehicle may be aqueous or anhydrous. By
"anhydrous" is meant that no water is intentionally added to the
formulation but does not exclude minor amounts of water associated
with the other components as impurities. Substantially anhydrous
means less than 2.5% by weight water, typically less than 1% by
weight water, and more typically, less than 0.5% by weight water,
based on the entire weight of the composition.
[0040] A composition as described herein may also comprise other
components that may be chosen depending on the vehicle and/or the
intended use of the composition. Additional components include, but
are not limited to, antioxidants (e.g., BHT); oil phase
structurants, water phase structurants, gelants (e.g., ester
terminated polyesteramides, polyamides, dibutyl ethyl hexamoyl
glutamide and dibutyl lauroyl glutamide); chelating agents (e.g.,
disodium EDTA and citrate); emulsion stabilizers (e.g., carbomer);
preservatives (e.g., methyl paraben or caprylyl glycol); fragrances
(e.g., limonene, pinene, etc.); flavoring agents (e.g., sorbitol);
humectants (e.g., glycerine); waterproofing agents (e.g.,
PVP/Eicosene copolymer); water soluble film-formers (e.g.,
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); oil-soluble film formers;
moisturizing agents, (e.g., cholesterol); cationic polymers (e.g.,
Polyquaterniums); anionic polymers (e.g., xanthan gum); pigment
wetting agents, such as ARLACEL.RTM. P100, or EMEREST.RTM. 2452;
vitamins (such as tocopherol and tocopherol acetate); and the
like.
[0041] The compositions may comprise additional active ingredients
having anti-aging benefits. Exemplary anti-aging components
include, without limitation, botanicals; thiodipropionic acid
(TDPA) and esters thereof; retinoids (e.g., all-trans retinoic
acid, 9-cis retinoic acid, phytanic acid, retinol and others);
hydroxy acids (including alpha-hydroxyacids and beta-hydroxyacids),
salicylic acid and salicylates; exfoliating agents (e.g., glycolic
acid, 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedioic acid, etc.), estrogen synthetase
stimulating compounds (e.g., caffeine and derivatives); compounds
capable of inhibiting 5 alpha-reductase activity (e.g., linolenic
acid, linoleic acid, finasteride, and mixtures thereof); barrier
function enhancing agents (e.g., ceramides, glycerides, cholesterol
and its esters, alpha-hydroxy and omega-hydroxy fatty acids and
esters thereof, etc.); collagenase inhibitors; and elastase
inhibitors; to name a few.
[0042] Exemplary retinoids include, without limitation, retinoic
acid (e.g., all-trans or 13-cis) and derivatives thereof, retinol
(Vitamin A) and esters thereof, such as retinyl palmitate, retinyl
acetate and retinyl propionate, and retinal.
[0043] In another embodiment, the topical compositions of the
present invention may also include one or more of the following: a
skin penetration enhancer, an emollient, a skin plumper, an
exfoliating agent, or an antioxidant. In some embodiments, the
compositions of the present invention may be utilized as UV
protectants on any matter of surfaces, for example wood or leather
surfaces, alone or in combination with other compositional
components (paints, varnishes, etc.) typically utilized in such
materials.
[0044] An emollient provides the functional benefits of enhancing
skin smoothness and reducing the appearance of fine lines and
coarse wrinkles Examples include isopropyl myristate, petrolatum,
isopropyl lanolate, silicones (e.g., methicone, dimethicone), oils,
petrolatum, mineral oils, fatty acid esters, cetyl ethylhexanoate,
C.sub.12-15 alkyl benzoate, isopropyl isostearate, diisopropyl
dimer dillinoeate, or any mixtures thereof. Other emollients
include jojoba oil, lanolin oil, coconut oil, palm kernel
glycerides, grape seed oil, evening primrose oil, sesame oil,
castor oil, meadowfoam seed oil, emu oil, dimethicone copolyol
meadowfoamate, wheat germ oil, macadamia nut oil, avocado oil, and
mixtures thereof. The emollient may be present from about 0.1 wt %
to about 50 wt % of the total weight of the composition. More
typically, emollients will be present in an amount from about 2 wt
% to about 15 wt %, preferably, about 5 wt %.
[0045] A skin plumper may also be included. An example of a
suitable skin plumper is palmitoyl oligopeptide. Other skin
plumpers are collagen and/or other glycosaminoglycan (GAG)
enhancing agents. When present, the skin plumper will typically
comprise from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt % of the total weight
of the composition.
[0046] Suitable exfoliating agents include, for example,
alpha-hydroxyacids, beta-hydroxyacids, oxaacids, oxadiacids, and
their derivatives such as esters, anhydrides and salts thereof.
Suitable hydroxy acids include, for example, glycolic acid, lactic
acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, 2-hydroxyalkanoic
acid, mandelic acid, salicylic acid and derivatives thereof. In one
embodiment an exfoliating agent is glycolic acid. When present, the
exfoliating agent may comprise from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %
of the composition.
[0047] Antioxidants scavenge free radicals from skin, protecting
the skin from environmental aggressors. Examples of antioxidants
that may be used in the present compositions include compounds
having phenolic hydroxy functions, such as ascorbic acid and its
derivatives/esters; alpha-hydroxyacids; beta-carotene; catechins;
curcumin; ferulic acid derivatives (e.g. ethyl ferulate, sodium
ferulate); gallic acid derivatives (e.g., propyl gallate);
lycopene; reductic acid; rosmarinic acid; tannic acid;
tetrahydrocurcumin; tocopherol and its derivatives (e.g.,
tocopheryl acetate); uric acid; or any mixtures thereof. Other
suitable antioxidants are those that have one or more thiol
functions (--SH), in either reduced or non-reduced form, such as
glutathione, lipoic acid, thioglycolic acid, and other sulfhydryl
compounds. The antioxidant may be inorganic, such as bisulfites,
metabisulfites, sulfites, or other inorganic salts and acids
containing sulfur. A preferred antioxidant is thiodipropionic acid
or fatty esters (e.g., dilaurate) thereof. Compositions of the
present invention may comprise an antioxidant in one embodiment
from about 0.001 wt % to about 10 wt %, and in one embodiment from
about 0.01 wt % to about 5 wt %, of the total weight of the
composition.
[0048] Other conventional additives include: vitamins, such as
tocopherol and ascorbic acid and esters thereof; vitamin
derivatives such as tocopherol acetate and ascorbyl palmitate;
thickeners such as hydroxyalkyl cellulose; gelling agents;
structuring agents such as bentonite, smectite, magnesium aluminum
silicate and lithium magnesium silicate; metal chelating agents
such as EDTA; pH adjusters (including NaOH, KOH, trialkyl amines,
citric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride,
etc.)
[0049] A composition comprising organic sunscreen, nylon, silica,
and barium sulfate may be used in any type of hair treatment, lip
product, skin treatment or makeup product. Such makeup products may
include, but are not limited to, foundations, blushes, pressed or
loose powders, concealers, bronzers, eyeshadows, and eyeliners. Lip
products include without limitation lipsticks, lip colors, lip
balms, and lip glosses. A composition as described herein may take
any form which is typical of cosmetic products, for example,
anhydrous compositions, aqueous systems, hot pour systems,
emulsions, gels, sticks, sprays, and pressed or loose powders.
There is essentially no limitation on the type of vehicle that may
be employed although it should be physiologically acceptable for
contact with a human integument.
[0050] Methods for protecting a human integument against UV damage
comprising applying to the integument a composition of the present
invention are also encompassed by the invention. In some
embodiments, the compositions are applied to a human integument,
such as the skin of the face, hands, body, or lips.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
[0051] Compositions 1-22 were prepared according to base formula of
Table 1. The nylon, silica, and barium sulfate were either absent
or present in the indicated amount depending on the sample, as
shown in Tables 2-4. The Nylon particles were porous nylon-6
particles treated with hydrogen dimethicone (POMP 605-S101 from UBE
Industries). The silica particles were spherical silica available
from Kobo Products as MSS-500W. Barium sulfate particles were
either "USP Barium Sulfate for Formulation" from Mallinckrodt Inc
or "Blanc Fixe XR-HN" from Sachtleben Chemie GmbH.
[0052] Tables 2-4 indicate the presence (+) or absence (-) of an
organic sunscreen, barium sulfate, nylon, silica, or iron oxide in
each composition. When present, the amount of barium sulfate was 5
wt %, the amount of nylon was 5 wt %, the amount of silica was 2.5
wt %, and the amount of OMC was 7.5 wt %, and the amounts of
homosalate and octyl salicylate were each 5 wt %. For compositions
where a component was omitted, castor oil was used to replace the
omitted component and q.s. to a total of 100%.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Phase Ingredient Percent A Castor Oil q.s.
Diglyceryl Diisostearate 10.5 Squalane 10 Glyceryl Triacetyl
Hydroxystearate 7.9 Myristyl Lactate 7.5 C10-30
Cholesterol/Lanosterol Esters 4.5 Polybutene 3.2 Polyglycerol
Diisostearate 3 PPG-51/SMDI Copolymer 2.5 Stearyl Dimethicone 2.5 B
Ozokerite 5.45 Micro Wax 5 Polyethylene 3 Caprylyl Glycol 0.5 C Red
iron oxide 0 or 0.50 Titanium Dioxide 0.33 D Barium Sulfate 0 or
5.0 Nylon-6 0 or 5.0 Silica Particles 0 or 2.5 E OMC 0 or 7.5
Homosalate 0 or 5.0 Octyl Salicylate 0 or 5.0
[0053] The samples were prepared as follows. Phase A, Phase C and
Phase D ingredients were combined and mixed until uniform, then
added to pre-melted waxes of Phase B. Phase E was then added, mixed
until uniform, and cooled.
[0054] An in vitro SPF spectrometer was used to measure in vitro
SPF of the formulas. A 0.5 ml thick draw down was made on 3M
Transpore.TM. Tape (2 in.times.2 in of tape), which was placed onto
2 mm thick Quartz plates. The SPF was measured on a Labsphere UV
Transmittance Analyzer by taking the average of 5 measurements on 3
plates per sample.
[0055] Diffuse transmittance was measured on the X-rite Color i7
Spectrophotometer. Samples were prepared by making drawdowns of 3
mL film thickness of each composition on glass plates. The samples
were allowed to sit for 4 hours before measurements were taken.
Total transmittance was measured along with direct transmittance.
Diffuse transmittance is calculated by taking the difference
between the two measurements.
[0056] The results of the SPF and diffuse transmittance
measurements on several different samples are shown below in Table
2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 OMC + + - - - - + + + +
Nylon - + - - + + - - + + Silica - + - - + + - - + + Barium - + - -
+ + - - + + Sulfate Iron Oxide, - - - + - + - + - + uncoated Iron
Oxide, - - + - + - + - + - silica-coated SPF 15.04 20.21 1.79 1.71
1.39 1.53 18.94 16.43 35.69 30.05 Diffuse 27.01 56.18 40.13 39.1
50.85 49.63 38.69 35.02 50.55 42.38 Transmittance
[0057] It can be seen from Table 2 that the presence of barium
sulfate, silica and nylon in the presence of an organic sunscreen
boosts SPF by at least 5 units (sample #1 versus sample #2). The
SPF enhancing effect is more pronounced in the presence of iron
oxide (sample #8 versus sample #10) providing an SPF boost of 13.5
units, while the most pronounced increase of 16.75 SPF units is
observed in the presence of silica-coated iron oxide (sample #7 vs.
sample #9). The SPF increases from 30.05 to 35.69 for sample #9
versus sample #10 with the addition of silica-coated red iron oxide
in place of uncoated red iron oxide. Additionally, diffuse
transmittance is enhanced when nylon, silica, and barium sulfate
are present, yielding values greater than 40 units and ideally
about 50 units or greater.
Example 2
[0058] Samples #11-14 were prepared to assess the role of each of
the three components (barium sulfate, nylon, and silica) in
enhancing SPF of an organic sunscreen. Sample #11 contained 7.5%
OMC, 0.50% silica-coated iron oxide, 5% nylon and 2.5% silica,
without barium sulfate. Sample #12 contained 7.5% OMC, 0.50%
silica-coated iron oxide, and 5% nylon, without silica and barium
sulfate. Sample #13 contained 7.5% OMC, 0.50% silica-coated iron
oxide, and 2.5% silica, without nylon and barium sulfate. Sample
#14 contained 7.5% OMC, 0.50% silica-coated iron oxide, and 5%
barium sulfate, without nylon and silica. Samples #11-14 were
evaluated for SPF and diffuse transmittance according to the
procedure above. The data is summarized below, along with sample #9
(containing all three components) for comparison.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 7 9 11 12 13 14 OMC + + + + + + Nylon - + +
+ - - Silica - + + - + - Barium Sulfate - + - - - + Iron Oxide, + +
+ + + + silica-coated SPF 18.94 35.69 23.02 22.26 22.30 24.25
Diffuse 38.69 50.55 49.27 46.71 35.75 47.93 Transmittance
[0059] Sample #9, (containing nylon, silica, and barium sulfate),
gave an SPF of 35.69. Samples #11-14, which lack one or more of the
three components, gave SPF values ranging from 22-24. The striking
increase of SPF by more than 10 SPF units for sample #9 is greater
than an additive effect of each of the three components,
demonstrating a synergy of nylon, silica, and barium sulfate when
used together to boost SPF of an organic sunscreen.
Example 3
[0060] Samples #15-22 were prepared to study the effect of the
three-component system with other organic sunscreens, namely,
homosalate and octyl salicylate.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 OMC + + - - + + - -
Homosalate + + + + - - - - Octyl - - - - + + + + salicylate Nylon +
- + - + - + - Silica + - + - + - + - Barium Sulfate + - + - + - + -
Iron Oxide, + + + + + + + + silica-coated SPF 28.33 22.63 12.21
7.72 24.63 21.40 12.65 9.44 Diffuse 52.93 40.03 54.83 38.23 54.13
40.07 55.26 39.16 Transmittance
[0061] Octyl salicylate (5%) or homosalate (5%), were added with or
without OMC to the samples with or without nylon, silica, and
barium sulfate. Comparing sample #15 to #16, #17 to #18, #19 to
#20, and #21 to #22, the in vitro SPF is higher in all samples
containing nylon, silica, and barium sulfate vs. their respective
controls without the three components, indicating that the
combination boosts SPF of other organic sunscreens.
Example 4
[0062] Samples #23 and #24 were prepared to study the effect of the
three-component system in an oil-in-water emulsion formulation. The
samples were prepared according to the formula of Table 5. The
nylon, silica, and barium sulfate were either absent or present in
the indicated amount, as shown in Table 6. The Nylon particles were
porous nylon-6 particles treated with hydrogen dimethicone (POMP
605-S101 from UBE Industries). The silica particles were spherical
silica available from Kobo Products as MSS-500W. Barium sulfate
particles were either "USP Barium Sulfate for Formulation" from
Mallinckrodt Inc or "Blanc Fixe XR-HN" from Sachtleben Chemie GmbH.
Samples #23 and #24 contained the following organic sunscreens:
Octyl Salicylate, Homomenthyl Salicylate, Benzophenone-3
(Oxybenzone), Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, and Octocrylene. The
preparation and testing procedures were identical to those of
Example 1.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Ingredient Percent Demineralized Water q.s.
Disodium Edta 0.2 Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate 0.2 Crosspolymer
Carbopol 940 0.25 Butylene Glycol 1.5 Glycerin 3.0 Methylparaben
0.4 Sodium Dehydroacetate 0.1 Lecithin 0.3 Polyethylene Glycol 3.0
Octyl Salicylate 4.75 Octyl Isononanoate 1.0 Homomenthyl Salicylate
8.0 Benzophenone-3 (Oxybenzone) 5.5 Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane
2.8 Octocrylene 2.5 Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate 0.2 Cetyl Alcohol
0.6 Poe (24) Cholesterol Ether 0.125 Glyceryl Stearate Monoester
0.4 Fumed Silica 0.1 Dimethyl/Trimethyl Polysiloxane 1.0 Barium
Sulfate 0 or 1.25 Nylon 6 0 or 1.25 Silica 0 or 0.625 Isododecane
1.5 Silicone Resin 0.12 Triethanolamine 99% 0.6 Phenoxyethanol
0.5
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 23 24 Sunscreen + + Nylon + - Silica + -
Barium Sulfate + - Iron Oxide, silica-coated - - SPF 37.0 31.2
[0063] As shown in Table 6, the in vitro SPF was about 20% higher
in sample #23 (SPF of 37.0), which contained nylon, silica, and
barium sulfate, as compared to the control sample #24 without the
three components (SPF of 31.2), indicating that the SPF-boosting
combination is effective in oil-in-water emulsion formulations.
Example 5
[0064] Samples #25, #26 and #27 were prepared to study the effect
of using different nylon particles. The samples were prepared
according to the formula of Table 7. The nylon, silica, and barium
sulfate were either absent or present in the indicated amount, as
shown in Table 6. The Nylon particles were either porous nylon-6
particles treated with hydrogen dimethicone (POMP 605-S101 from UBE
Industries) or non-porous nylon-12 particles (Nylon SP-500
distributed by Kobo Products, Inc.) lacking a surface treatment.
The silica particles were spherical silica available from Kobo
Products, Inc. as MSS-500W. Barium sulfate particles were either
"USP Barium Sulfate for Formulation" from Mallinckrodt Inc or
"Blanc Fixe XR-HN" from Sachtleben Chemie GmbH. Samples #25-27
contained 7.5% ethylhexyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC) and 0.5%
silica-coated red iron oxide. The preparation and testing
procedures were identical to those of Example 1.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Ingredient Percent Castor Oil q.s.
Diglyceryl Diisostearate 10.5 Squalane 10 Glyceryl Triacetyl
Hydroxystearate 7.9 Myristyl Lactate 7.5 C10-30
Cholesterol/Lanosterol 4.5 Esters Polybutene 3.2 Polyglycerol
Diisostearate 3 PPG-51/SMDI Copolymer 2.5 Stearyl Dimethicone 2.5
Ozokerite 5.45 Micro Wax 5 Polyethylene 3 Caprylyl Glycol 0.5
Titanium dioxide 0.33 OMC 7.5 Silica-coated red iron oxide 0.5
Porous Nylon 6 0 or 5.0 Non-porous Nylon 12 0 or 5.0 Silica 0 or
2.5 Barium Sulfate 0 or 5.0
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 25 26 27 Sunscreen + + + Iron Oxide,
silica-coated + + + Porous Nylon-6 - + - Non-Porous Nylon 12 - - +
Silica - + + Barium Sulfate - + + SPF 20.2 30.5 29.4 Diffuse
Transmittance 40.28 44.99 46.39
[0065] As shown in Table 8, the in vitro SPF of samples #26 and #27
which contained nylon, silica, and barium sulfate, was about 50%
higher than that of sample #25 without the three components. The
SPF observed for sample #26 prepared with porous nylon particles
was not significantly different than that observed for sample #27
prepared with non-porous nylon particles.
* * * * *