U.S. patent application number 14/204245 was filed with the patent office on 2015-09-17 for pressure variable thermal adaptive microclimate surface and thermoelectric cells for microclimate surface.
The applicant listed for this patent is Theodosius A. Lazakis. Invention is credited to Theodosius A. Lazakis.
Application Number | 20150257541 14/204245 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53938712 |
Filed Date | 2015-09-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150257541 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Lazakis; Theodosius A. |
September 17, 2015 |
PRESSURE VARIABLE THERMAL ADAPTIVE MICROCLIMATE SURFACE AND
THERMOELECTRIC CELLS FOR MICROCLIMATE SURFACE
Abstract
A pressure variable thermal adaptive microclimate surface is
provided. The microclimate surface may be a pad, pillow, mattress
or the like. The microclimate surface is especially suitable for
providing optimal heating and/or cooling of a person. The heating
or cooling is provided through heating or cooling delivery system
located in the sculpted polyurethane foam microclimate surface. The
microclimate surface has a plurality of independently moving
pillars which is optimal in reducing pressure ulcers on the skin of
a person caused by the person spending extended periods of time on
a typical surface, such as a hospital mattress. The heating or
cooling delivery system may be provided through three possible
configurations.
Inventors: |
Lazakis; Theodosius A.;
(Long Grove, IL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Lazakis; Theodosius A. |
Long Grove |
IL |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
53938712 |
Appl. No.: |
14/204245 |
Filed: |
March 11, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
5/421 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F 7/02 20130101; A47G
9/1036 20130101; A61F 2007/0054 20130101; A61G 7/05707 20130101;
A61F 2007/0075 20130101; A61F 7/007 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A47C 21/04 20060101
A47C021/04; A47G 9/10 20060101 A47G009/10 |
Claims
1. A thermal microclimate surface comprising: a base portion
wherein the base portion has a top, a bottom, a front, a back, a
first side and a second side; a plurality of pillars wherein the
plurality of pillars have a top, a bottom, a front, a back, a first
side and a second side; wherein the bottom of the plurality of
pillars is permanently secured to the top of the base portion; a
space forming a channel located between two of the plurality of
pillars wherein the first side of one pillar, the second side of an
adjacent pillar and the top of the base portion form the space
forming a channel; wherein each of the plurality of pillars shift
independently; a tube having a first end, a second end and a
diameter wherein the tube is inserted within the space between two
of the plurality of pillars or directly through an opening in the
center of the plurality of pillars and wherein the tube is secured
by the space between the plurality of pillars or the opening in the
center of the plurality of pillars; wherein a heating or cooling
gas or liquid is inserted within the tube and wherein the heating
or cooling gas or liquid is used to heat or cool a part of a body
of a person; an adhesive added to the tube wherein the adhesive
secures the tube within the desired spaces between the plurality of
pillar.
2. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 1 wherein the thermal
microclimate surface is secured beneath a cover and wherein the
tube is selectively secured between the plurality of pillars
directly under areas of the body needing to be heated or
cooled.
3. (canceled)
4. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 1 further comprising:
a first channel located on the top of each of the plurality of
pillars and a second channel located on the top of each of the
plurality of pillars wherein the first channel and the second
channel are perpendicular to each other and wherein the first
channel and the second channel allow the tube or a wire to be
secured over the top of each of the plurality of pillars and
prevent the tube or wire from falling off the top of the plurality
of pillars.
5. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 1 further comprising:
a heating or cooling microchip located within an interior of each
of the plurality of pillars wherein the heating or cooling
microchip heats or cools the plurality of pillars.
6. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 1 wherein the top of
the plurality of pillars is domed-shaped.
7. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 1 further comprising:
a first perimeter formed from the first side, the second side, the
front and the back of the plurality of pillars; and a second
perimeter formed from the first side, the second side, the front
and the back of the plurality of pillars wherein the first
perimeter is greater than the second perimeter and wherein the
portion of the first side, the second side, the front and the back
of the plurality of pillars which forms the second perimeter
directly contacts the top of the base portion and wherein the first
perimeter is elevated above the second perimeter.
8. A thermal microclimate surface comprising: a base portion
wherein the base portion has a top, a bottom, a front, a back, a
first side and a second side; a plurality of pillars wherein the
plurality of pillars have a top, a bottom, a front, a back, a first
side and a second side; wherein the bottom of the plurality of
pillars is permanently secured to the top of the base portion; a
space forming a channel located between two of the plurality of
pillars wherein the first side of one pillar, the second side of an
adjacent pillar and the top of the base portion form the space
forming a channel; wherein each of the plurality of pillars shift
independently; a thermoelectric cell connected to a metallic wire
wherein the metallic wire has a first loop portion and a second
loop portion and wherein the thermoelectric cell is located between
the first loop portion and the second loop portion; a power source
connected to the thermoelectric cell wherein the power source
provides power to the thermoelectric cell; and wherein the
thermoelectric cell is located within the space between two of the
plurality of pillars and wherein the thermoelectric cell heats or
cools at least one of the first loop portion or the second loop
portion of the metallic wire.
9. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 8 wherein the first
loop portion of the metallic wire completely surrounds a base of
one of the plurality of pillars.
10. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 8 wherein the second
loop portion of the metallic wire is secured within an interior of
the base portion of the thermal microclimate surface.
11. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 8 wherein the second
loop portion of the metallic wire completely passes through an
opening in the base portion and wherein the base portion is hollow
and wherein the second loop portion of the metallic wire partially
is located within the hollow base portion and wherein heat or cold
generated by the second loop portion of the metallic wire is passed
from the second loop portion into a gas or liquid located within
the hollow base portion.
12. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 8 further comprising:
a generally flat flexible conductive metallic layer located over
the top of the plurality of pillars wherein the generally flat
flexible conductive metallic layer grounds any electrical charge
from the thermoelectric cell.
13. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 8 wherein the top of
the plurality of pillars is domed-shaped.
14. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 1 further comprising:
a first perimeter formed from the first side, the second side, the
front and the back of the plurality of pillars; and a second
perimeter formed from the first side, the second side, the front
and the back of the plurality of pillars wherein the first
perimeter is greater than the second perimeter and wherein the
portion of the first side, the second side, the front and the back
of the plurality of pillars which forms the second perimeter
directly contacts the top of the base portion and wherein the first
perimeter is elevated above the second perimeter
15. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 14 wherein the first
loop portion of the metallic wire is secured completely around the
second perimeter of the plurality of pillars.
16. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 8 further comprising:
a first channel located on the top of each of the plurality of
pillars and a second channel located on the top of each of the
plurality of pillars wherein the first channel and the second
channel are perpendicular to each other and wherein the first
channel and the second channel allow a tube or wire to be secured
over the top of each of the plurality of pillars and prevents the
tube or wire from falling off the top of the plurality of pillars;
and wherein the first loop portion of the metallic wire is secured
within the first channel or the second channel located on the top
of the plurality of pillars.
17. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 11 further
comprising: a partial separating wall located within the hollow
interior of the base portion wherein the partial separating wall
directs the flow of the gas or liquid located in the hollow
interior of the base portion.
18. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 8 wherein the first
loop portion of the metallic wire or strip and the second loop
portion of the metallic wire have different temperatures.
19. A thermal microclimate surface comprising: a base portion
wherein the base portion has a top, a bottom, a front, a back, a
first side and a second side; a plurality of pillars wherein the
plurality of pillars have a top, a bottom, a front, a back, a first
side and a second side; wherein the bottom of the plurality of
pillars is permanently secured to the top of the base portion; a
space forming a channel located between two of the plurality of
pillars wherein the first side of one pillar, the second side of an
adjacent pillar and the top of the base portion form the space
forming a channel; wherein each of the plurality of pillars shift
independently; a thermoelectric cell connected to a metallic wire
wherein the metallic wire has a first loop portion and a second
loop portion and wherein the thermoelectric cell is located between
the first loop portion and the second loop portion; a power source
connected to the thermoelectric cell wherein the power source
provides power to the thermoelectric cell; wherein the
thermoelectric cell is located within the space between two of the
plurality of pillars and wherein the thermoelectric cell heats or
cools at least one of the first loop portion or the second loop
portion of the metallic wire; and a tube having a first end, a
second end and a diameter wherein the tube circulates a heated or
cooled gas or liquid and wherein heat or cold generated by the
second loop portion of the thermoelectric cell is transferred to
the heated or cooled gas or liquid located within the tube.
20. The thermal microclimate surface of claim 19 further
comprising: an opening located in the base and below each of the
plurality of pillars wherein the opening received the tube.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The following application is based on and claims the
priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.
61/887,818 filed on Oct. 7, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Ser. No.
61/802,779 filed on Mar. 18, 2013 both currently co-pending; the
entire contents of which are incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] A pressure variable thermal adaptive microclimate surface is
provided. The microclimate surface may be a pad, pillow, mattress
or the like. The microclimate surface is especially suitable for
providing optimal heating and/or cooling of a person. The device
has a pressure variable thermal adaptation function which is
embodied in three possible system types. In all three types the
pressure thermal adaptivity is produced by the partial compression
of the sculpted resilient foam cushioning which (while generally
maintaining its skin protecting resilience) reduces the foam's
insulation properties (by collapsing the internal air bubbles) and
thereby increasing its thermal conductivity proportionally where
pressure is applied. Because the location where the greatest
pressure is applied is also the area which needs the greatest
thermal therapy, the device optimizes the effectiveness of the
thermal delivery system. For example, pressure ulcers can form in
hospitalized people due to localized persistent pressure and high
temperatures under bony prominences such as the sacral (tailbone)
region. Healthcare mattresses are made using fluid impervious
coated covers to enhance disinfectability. These covers, however
also almost completely eliminate the flow of air necessary for our
skin's temperature management system, which relies on evaporative
cooling from our sweat glands. Without constant airflow these parts
of the body become warmer and the un-evaporated perspiration can
further reduce skin integrity due to maceration, leading to
potential damage such as infections and pressure ulcers. In the
current state of the art, liquid or air circulating channels
collapse proportionally with applied pressure thereby reducing or
eliminating the thermal transfer where it is most needed. With the
greater thermal conductivity the invention provides, cooling or
heating from the system is efficiently directed to the areas with
higher pressure which need the thermal therapy most.
[0003] The heating or cooling is provided through a heating or
cooling delivery system located in the sculpted polyurethane foam
microclimate surface. The microclimate surface has a plurality of
independently moving pillars which is optimal in reducing pressure
ulcers on the skin of a person caused by the person spending
extended periods of time on a typical surface, such as a hospital
mattress. The heating or cooling delivery system may be provided
through three possible configurations: I) Fluid (cooled or heated)
is circulated through a tubing matrix which is placed within the
sculpted foam surface using a connected thermoelectric device. The
electrically powered device consists of one or more thermoelectric
cells, a power supply, a pump, a heat exchanger, a fan, electronic
thermostatic controller, and a control panel with a user interface
(temperature readout, power on/off, set temp, it may or may not
have a timer function); II) Fluid (cooled or warmed) is circulated
through a tubing matrix which is placed within the sculpted foam
surface using a radiator device. The electrically powered radiator
device may be integrated within the mattress or in a separate
tubing connected component. The radiator device consists of a pump,
a heat exchanger with or without fan, and a user interface; III)
The third embodiment incorporates a plurality of small
thermoelectric cells which are connected by wiring and inserted
into chambers cut into the sculpted foam. These thermoelectric
cells are placed so that the thermal therapy side (cooling in this
instance) come in closer contact to the patient's body presenting
the greatest pressure to the surface. A circulating system of fluid
(gas or liquid) is used to draw heat away from the warm side of the
thermoelectric cells. This system incorporates a heat exchanger,
fluid pump or blower, a controller and a user interface. All three
systems may also incorporate one or more separate sensors which can
be placed to detect the temperature in localized areas to optimize
the setting.
[0004] Pressure ulcers, also known as decubitus ulcers or bedsores,
are lesions caused by unrelieved pressure on soft tissues overlying
a bony prominence which reduces or completely obstructs the blood
flow to the superficial tissues. According to the Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the occurrence of pressure
ulcers in patients has risen 63% over the last ten years.
Accordingly, attempts to maximize temperature exchange and reduce
pressure while a patient is on a mattress have been made over the
years.
[0005] For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,874,185 to Phillips et al
discloses a foam core cushion mattress assembly having
semi-independent foam pillars on the upper surface of the mattress.
The mattress may be unitary, or comprise multiple cushioning
components, possibly base, body support and foot cushions. The body
support cushion is constructed from a flat, rectangular solid, foam
element whose upper surface is cut into an array of rectangular
solid pillars, preferably by a hot wire cutting method. The array
of rectangular solid pillars is grouped into a central array
comprising pillars with generally square top surfaces and edge rows
of rectangular solid pillars having rectangular top surfaces. The
depth of the hot wire cuts into the surface of the body support
cushion is preferably approximately one-half the overall thickness
of the body support cushion or approximately three fourths of the
length of the shortest face of the pillar. A zippered fabric cover
removeably envelops the assembled cushioning components. The
resultant structure defines a plurality of semi-independently
compressible pillars that support a reclining, or supine patient.
The pillars may also be cut into the top and bottom surfaces of the
cushion for enhanced pressure relieving effects. Methods of
manufacture, and treatment and alleviation of decubitus ulcer
formation are also presented.
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 6,375,674 to Carson discloses a medical pad
having a thermal exchange layer capable of absorbing and/or
releasing heat to a patient and an adhesive surface disposed on a
skin-contacting side of the thermal exchange layer for adhering the
pad to the skin of the patient. The thermal exchange layer may
comprise a fluid containing layer for containing a thermal exchange
fluid capable of absorbing thermal energy from and/or releasing
thermal energy to the patient. The pad may also include a
conformable, thermally conductive layer between the adhesive
surface and the fluid containing layer and an insulating layer on
the non-skin contacting side of the fluid containing layer. In some
arrangements, transverse members or dimples on insulating base
member are provided to define tortuous fluid passageways in fluid
containing layer. A fluid circulating system including a pump
connected downstream from a fluid outlet and a fluid reservoir
connected upstream from a fluid inlet may be employed to circulate
the fluid though the fluid containing layer. The fluid is drawn
from a reservoir into the fluid containing layer through the inlet
and out of the fluid containing layer through the outlet under
negative pressure by the pump. When the pad is adhered by the
adhesive surface to the skin of the patient, thermal energy is
exchangeable between the patient and the fluid circulated within
the fluid containing layer to cool and/or warm the patient.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 5,653,741 to Grant discloses a flexible pad
capable of selectably heating or cooling an animal or human body
part. The pad is formed of two planar surfaces having at least two
side portions disposed between said planar surfaces that are made
of a mesh material for air circulation within the pad. One planar
surface is made of thermal conductive material having a plurality
of thermoelectric modules bonded to the conductive material. The
thermoelectric modules transfer heat to or away from the conductive
material. A heat sink is attached to the opposing side of each
modules for dissipating heat from the conductive material during
the cooling process. A rheostat has a reversing switch for changing
polarity of the rheostat to either transfer heat to the
thermoelectric modules and to the planar surface, or from the
thermoelectric module to the heat sink.
[0008] Further, U.S. Pat. No. 5,564,142 to Liu discloses an air
mattress having a plurality of symbiotic sacs juxtapositionally
transversely secured in a mattress envelope, having a plurality of
primary and secondary symbiotic sacs alternatively pulsated in the
envelope for continuously changing the pressurized areas of a
bed-ridden patient for preventing pressure sores such as bed sore
or decubitus ulcer, with each symbiotic sac consisting of an upper
pulsating sac portion alternatively inflated and deflated and a
lower static sac portion constantly inflated to maintain at least a
partial fluid pressure in each symbiotic sac for continuously
cushioning the patient even when a power failure is caused or bed
transfer is required, and having a plurality of tertiary symbiotic
sacs constantly inflated for cushioning a patient head portion,
with each symbiotic sac independently secured in the mattress
envelope whereby upon breaking of any one sac, only an individual
broken sac should be replaced with a new one without abandoning the
whole mattress.
[0009] However, these patents fail to describe a pressure variable
thermal adaptive microclimate surface and thermoelectric cells for
a microclimate surface which efficiently reduces the occurrence of
pressure ulcers. Further, these patents fail to describe a pressure
variable thermal adaptive microclimate surface and thermoelectric
cells for a microclimate surface which efficiently exchanges heat
and increases comfort.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] A pressure variable thermal adaptive microclimate surface is
provided. The microclimate surface may be a pad, pillow, mattress
or the like. The microclimate surface is especially suitable for
providing optimal heating and/or cooling of a person. The heating
or cooling is provided through heating or cooling delivery system
located in the sculpted polyurethane foam microclimate surface. The
microclimate surface has a plurality of independently moving
pillars which is optimal in reducing pressure ulcers on the skin of
a person caused by the person spending extended periods of time on
a typical surface, such as a hospital mattress. The heating or
cooling delivery system may be provided through three possible
configurations: I) Fluid (cooled or heated) is circulated through a
tubing matrix which is placed within the sculpted foam surface
using a connected thermoelectric device. The electrically powered
device consists of one or more thermoelectric cells, a power
supply, a pump, a heat exchanger, a fan, electronic thermostatic
controller, and a control panel with a user interface (temperature
readout, power on/off, set temp, it may or may not have a timer
function); II) Fluid (cooled or warmed) is circulated through a
tubing matrix which is placed within the sculpted foam surface
using a radiator device. The electrically powered radiator device
may be integrated within the mattress or in a separate tubing
connected component. The radiator device consists of a pump, a heat
exchanger with or without fan, and a user interface; or III) The
third embodiment incorporates a plurality of small thermoelectric
cells which are connected by wiring and inserted into chambers cut
into the sculpted foam. These thermoelectric cells are placed so
that the thermal therapy side (cooling in this instance) come in
closer contact to the patient's body presenting the greatest
pressure to the surface. A circulating system of fluid (air or
water) is used to draw heat away from the warm side of the
thermoelectric cells. This system incorporates a heat exchanger,
fluid pump or blower, a controller and a user interface. All three
systems may also incorporate one or more separate sensors which can
be placed to detect the temperature in localized areas to optimize
the setting.
[0011] An advantage of the present pressure variable thermal
conductive adaptive microclimate surface is that the microclimate
surface efficiently controls temperature optimizing delivery of
heat or cooling to areas of the body which are being subject to the
highest pressure.
[0012] Yet another advantage of the present microclimate surface is
that the present microclimate surface efficiently reduces pressure
on the skin of a person through independently moving ergonomically
fitting pillars which reduce both pressure (vertical force) and
shear friction (horizontal force).
[0013] Yet another advantage of the present microclimate surface is
that the present microclimate surface can provide a warm or cool
surface for an individual.
[0014] Still another advantage of the present microclimate surface
is that, in an embodiment, the microclimate surface may include one
or more thermoelectric cells which electrically control the
temperature of the microclimate surface.
[0015] Still another advantage of the present microclimate surface
is that the present microclimate surface may have an antibacterial
agent added to the water (or other liquid), which is used in the
heat exchange, to reduce the possible spread of pathogens.
[0016] Yet another advantage of the present microclimate surface is
that the present microclimate surface is much thinner than a
typical microclimate surface/mattress used for patients.
[0017] Another advantage of the present microclimate surface is
that the present microclimate surface only requires a small, quiet
pump to provide the heat exchange or a small, quiet pump and a
blower which may circulate ambient air to facilitate heat
exchange.
[0018] Still another advantage of the present microclimate surface
is that the present microclimate surface requires less energy than
other heat exchange surfaces in that the present microclimate
surface utilizes a smaller pump and/or smaller blower for heat
exchange.
[0019] Yet an advantage of the present microclimate surface is that
the present microclimate surface may be configured as a mattress or
an overlay which may have a strap which may allow the device to be
secured to a mattress or bed.
[0020] Another advantage of the present microclimate surface is
that the present microclimate surface is properly electrically
grounded therein eliminating injury from possible electrical
shock.
[0021] Still another advantage of the present microclimate surface
is that the present microclimate surface may be cleaned and reused
as opposed to other microclimate surfaces which are generally
single-use patient surfaces which must be disposed of after the
patient leaves the hospital or after approximately one month
(whichever occurs first).
[0022] And another advantage of the present microclimate surface is
that the present microclimate surface provides a sanitary
environment for a patient of a hospital.
[0023] Yet another advantage of the present microclimate surface is
that the present microclimate surface may utilize a liquid cooling
device (as opposed to air cooling) which therein eliminates
bacteria or other harmful elements from becoming airborne, as is
common in other air-cooled microclimate surfaces. The liquid
cooling agent of the present microclimate surface may be circulated
throughout the device, as opposed being constantly drawn in and
exhausted as in other standard cooling microclimate surfaces.
[0024] And an advantage of the present microclimate surface is that
the present microclimate surface may use a cooling agent such as a
liquid for the heat exchange which is approximately twenty-five
times more efficient than air used for heat exchange (as is common
in other microclimate surfaces).
[0025] Yet another advantage of the present microclimate surface is
that the present microclimate surface may be zoned such that a user
may selectively and independently control the heating or cooling of
specific portions of the surface of the device, such as, for
example, only cooling the middle of the device to treat the user's
back.
[0026] Still another advantage of the present microclimate surface
is that the present microclimate surface provides pressure variable
thermal transfer/cooling.
[0027] An advantage of the present pressure variable thermal
conductive adaptive microclimate surface is that the microclimate
surface efficiently controls temperature by moving a warm and/or
cool agent (typically water or air) through a matrix of tubes.
[0028] Still another advantage of the present microclimate surface
is that the present microclimate surface is light weight.
[0029] And another advantage of the present microclimate surface is
that the present microclimate surface has channels which prevent
the unwanted movement of the heating and cooling tubes.
[0030] Still another advantage of the present microclimate surface
is that, in an embodiment, the microclimate surface may include a
microchip which electrically controls the temperature of the
microclimate surface.
[0031] Yet another advantage of the present microclimate surface is
that the microclimate surface may have a heating or cooling tube
which may be removed for repair or replacement.
[0032] For a more complete understanding of the above listed
features and advantages of the present pressure variable thermal
adaptive microclimate surface and thermoelectric cells for a
microclimate surface, reference should be made to the detailed
description and the drawings. Further, additional features and
advantages of the invention are described in, and will be apparent
from, the detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] FIG. 1 illustrates a top view of the microclimate surface in
an embodiment.
[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of an embodiment of the
microclimate surface wherein the heating/cooling tube is not
present.
[0035] FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of an embodiment of the
microclimate surface wherein the heating/cooling tube is in the
process of being inserted into the generally cylindrical passageway
of the plurality of pillars.
[0036] FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of an embodiment of the
microclimate surface wherein the heating/cooling tube is already
inserted between two of the plurality of pillars.
[0037] FIG. 5 illustrates a top view of an embodiment of the
microclimate surface wherein the heating/cooling tube is
visible.
[0038] FIG. 6 illustrates a front view of an embodiment wherein a
thermoelectric cell connected to a metallic strip is utilized for
heating or cooling the mattress.
[0039] FIG. 7 illustrates a side view of an embodiment wherein the
thermoelectric cell is inserted around a pillar on one end and
within the mattress at the other end.
[0040] FIG. 8 illustrates a top view of the flow of a fluid through
the mattress.
[0041] FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of the top of a pillar
in an embodiment wherein the thermoelectric cell is secured through
a passageway on the top of the pillar.
[0042] FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment wherein the bottom of the
base portion has an opening and utilizes both the tube circulating
a liquid or gas and the thermoelectric cell.
[0043] FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment wherein the tube utilizing
the liquid or gas extends through the center of one of the
plurality of pillars.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0044] A pressure variable thermal adaptive microclimate surface is
provided. The microclimate surface may be a pad, pillow, mattress
or the like. The microclimate surface is especially suitable for
providing optimal heating and/or cooling of a person. The heating
or cooling is provided through a heating or cooling agent passing
through a tube matrix which may be located in the sculpted foam
microclimate surface. The microclimate surface has a plurality of
independently moving pillars which is optimal in reducing pressure
ulcers on the skin of a person caused by the person spending
extended periods of time on a typical surface, such as a hospital
mattress. The heating or cooling is also provided through a
plurality of thermoelectric cells connected to metallic wires
wherein the metallic wires pass through a matrix located in the
sculpted polyurethane foam microclimate surface. The metallic wire
has a cool loop portion and a warm loop portion wherein the cool
loop portion may be located on the patient side of the mattress and
the warm loop portion located within a cooling agent (such as a gas
or a liquid) environment wherein the heat is removed by a
circulating cooling fluid agent.
[0045] Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, a pressure variable thermal
conductive adaptive microclimate surface 1 is provided. The
microclimate surface 1 may be made largely of, for example,
polyurethane memory foam which may be suitable for efficient
thermal exchange. The microclimate surface 1 may have a base 95
having a top 2, a bottom 3, a front 4, a back 5, a first side 6 and
a second side 7. In an embodiment, a cover 10 may be placed over at
least the top 2 (and top 31 of a plurality of pillars 30 as
described below) of the microclimate surface 1 so as to keep the
microclimate surface 1 clean and functioning properly. When the
cover 10 is inserted over the top 2 (and top 31 of the pillars 30)
of the microclimate surface 1, an interior space 20 is created
between the cover 10 and the microclimate surface 1.
[0046] As stated above, the microclimate surface 1 may have a
plurality of pillars 30. The plurality of pillars 30 may be elastic
(and in an embodiment made of the same material as the base 95) so
as to be comfortable and to allow the insertion and removal of a
tube 75 (as defined below). Further, in an embodiment, the
plurality of pillars 30 may be made as a single unit with the base
95 wherein a solid piece of, for example, polyurethane is cut to
form the base 95 and connected pillars 30 of the device 1.
[0047] The plurality of pillars 30 may have a top 31 (FIG. 2), a
bottom 32, a front 33, a back 34, a first side 35, a second side 36
and, in an embodiment, an interior 38. The front 33, back 34, first
side 35 and second side 36 may each have a length 39 (FIG. 1). In
an embodiment, the length 39 of the front 33, back 34, first side
35 and second side 36 may all be substantially similar so that each
of the plurality of pillars 30 are roughly square in shape (at the
bottom 32). The top 31 of the plurality of pillars 30 may be
generally domed-shaped. More specifically, the front 33, back 34,
first side 35 and second side 36 may all arc inward toward the
top/center of the plurality of pillars 30. As a result, the
pressure exerted on a body by the pillars 30 is reduced and the
device 1 is more comfortable.
[0048] The front 33, back 34, first side 35 and second side 36 of
the plurality of pillars 30 may further have a height 40 (FIG. 4).
The height 40 of the front 33, back 34, first side 35 and second
side 36 may be substantially similar and may be substantially
similar to the length 39 of the plurality of pillars 30 such that
each of the plurality of pillars 30 is generally in the shape of a
cube (with the exception of the arced top 31 in an embodiment as
described above). Because the plurality of pillars 30 is only
secured (at the bottom 32 of the pillars 30) to the top 2 of the
base 95, the top 31 and sides of the plurality of pillars 30 may
move largely independently from one another while the bottom 32 of
the pillars 30 remain generally stationary. More specifically, the
bottom 32 of the plurality of pillars 30 is secured to the top 2 of
the microclimate surface 1. The bottom 32 of the pillars 30 is
secured directly to the top 2 of the microclimate surface 1 wherein
the top 31, front 33, back 34, first side 35 and second side 36 are
unsecured and may move with respect to the microclimate surface
1.
[0049] The front 33, back 34, first side 35 and second side 36 of
the plurality of pillars 30 may have an indentation 50. The
indentation 50 may be generally rectangular in shape (or in an
embodiment not shown semi-circular) and may have a length which
extends the entire length 39 of the front 33, back 34, first side
35 and second side 36 of the pillars 30 (surrounding each of the
plurality of pillars 30). In an embodiment, the indentation 50 is
located substantially near the bottom 32 of each of the plurality
of pillars 30 so that a tube 75 (as described below) remains secure
and protected by the top 31 of the pillars 30 when a person is
lying on the device 1.
[0050] In an embodiment, a first pillar 30A is located directly
next to a second pillar 30B. As a result of at least two of the
plurality of pillars 30A, 30B being located directly next to each
other, the indentation 50 of the first pillar 30A aligns with the
indentation 50 of the second pillar 30B such that the two
indentations 50 come together to form a generally rectangular
passageway 60 between the two pillars 30. The generally rectangular
passageway 60 may have a width 413 which is greater than a width
412 of the tube 75 such that the tube 75 fits snugly within the
generally rectangular passageway 60 (as further described
below).
[0051] The first pillar 30A may be secured to the second pillar 30B
just below the indentation 50. The generally rectangular passageway
60 formed from two of the indentations 50 of the plurality of
pillars 30 may have a single slit 80 (FIG. 4) facing upward (away
from the top 2 of the base 95 of the device 1). More specifically,
the single slit 80 may be created from two of the plurality of
pillars 30 being aligned directly adjacent to each other.
[0052] Locating the indentation 50 near the bottom 32 of the
plurality of pillars 30 greatly reduces the stress on the tubes 75
while the device 1 is in use. More specifically, as the weight of
the person presses down upon the top 31 of the plurality of pillars
30, the tubes 75 remain largely unaffected as they are located near
the protected bottom 32 of the pillars 30.
[0053] As stated above, the tube(s) 75 may be secured within the
generally rectangular passageway 60 of the device 1. The tube 75
may have a first end 76 (FIG. 5), a second end 77, a length and a
generally hollow interior 79 (FIG. 3). The tube 75 may be flexible
so as to allow the tube 75 to bend at various angles (generally
ninety degrees) through the generally rectangular passageways 60 of
the plurality of pillars 30. The first end 76 may be an inlet
wherein a warming or cooling agent 90 (such as hot or cold gas or a
hot or cold liquid) may be pumped through the tube 75. The second
end 77 may be a return end wherein the warming or cooling agent 90
is reheated or re-cooled and then returned through the system. As a
result of pumping a warming or cooling agent 90 through the tube
75, the temperature of the device 1 (and therein the person located
on the device 1) may be easily controlled.
[0054] In an embodiment, a manufacturer or user may elect which of
the generally rectangular passageways 60 to insert the tube 75
through so that temperature may be controlled properly. For
example, a manufacturer may elect to place the tube(s) 75 just
under the area of the device 1 wherein most of the weight of the
person would be concentrated. In an embodiment, a manufacturer may
elect to have two or more separate tubes 75 such that one tube 75A
circulars a warming agent and a second tube 75B circulates a
cooling agent 90 (FIG. 5).
[0055] Referring now to FIG. 3, to insert the tube 75 into the
generally rectangular passageway 60, the manufacturer or user
slightly pulls two of the plurality of pillars 30 away from each
other; therein increasing the size of the slit 80. As the slit 80
size is increased enough to accept the tube 75, the tube 75 may be
placed into the generally rectangular passageway 60 and the pillars
30 therein allowed to relax back to their normal state. Preferably,
the tubes 75 remain secured within the generally rectangular
passageways 60 by, for example, only friction. As a result, a user
may pull two of the pillars 30 away from each other to repair,
replace or entirely remove the tube 75. It should be noted that in
an embodiment, an adhesive 100 (such as sprayed-on glue) may be
placed in the generally rectangular passageway to better secure the
tube 75 through the pillars 30. Of course, the addition of the
adhesive 100 reduces the ease of later removing the tube 75 from
the device 1.
[0056] In an embodiment, the interior 38 of the plurality of
pillars 30 may have an electronic heating and cooling chip 250
(thermoelectric chip shown in FIG. 2) which is in electrical
communication with a power source 260. The electronic heating and
cooling chip 250 may have a first side 251 and a second side 252
wherein the first side 251 may be electrically powered to produce a
cooling effect while the second side 252 produces heat. In an
embodiment, the first side 251 faces upward, toward the top 31 of
the plurality of pillars 30. As a result, the top 31 of numerous of
the plurality of pillars 30 may produce a cooling effect which is
transferred to an individual lying on the microclimate surface
1.
[0057] As stated above, the top 31 of the plurality of pillars 30
is domed-shaped. Providing a plurality of pillars 30 which has
domed-shaped tops 31, along with the protective generally
rectangular passageway 60 between the plurality of pillars 30
allows the exterior surface of the tube 75 carrying the warming or
cooling agent 90 to remain protected and generally cylindrical in
shape (largely unchanged even under the weight of the person). More
specifically, when weight (pressure) is applied to existing warming
or cooling mattresses by a person, the weight of the person is
transferred to the exterior surface of the warming or cooling tube
causing the tube to adopt an elliptical shape rather than the
desired cylindrical shape maintained by the present device. When
the tube of other devices is compressed into the elliptical shape,
the warming or cooling agent does not flow properly and the device
is not as effective at transferring the warming or cooling agent
(air or water) throughout the mattress. Because the tube(s) 75 of
the present device 1 maintains a generally cylindrical exterior
surface as a result of the domed-shape tops 31 and the protective
generally rectangular passageway 60, the warming or cooling agent
90 of the present device 1 may be properly transferred through the
tube 75 and the desired temperature may be maintained on the skin
of the person.
[0058] In addition to the plurality of pillars 30 having
domed-shaped tops 31 and the generally rectangular passageway 60
both protecting tube 75, the air spaces/bubbles in the plurality of
pillars 30 may be reduced upon compression. Therefore, the
insulating capability (r value) of the present device 1 is reduced
and the thermal transfer rate (conduction) from the circulated
warming or cooling agent 90 through the compressed plurality of
pillars 30 to the person's skin is highest where the plurality of
pillars 30 is most compressed. This high pressure area is the
location where pressure ulcers would normally form and where the
warming or cooling agent 90 can provide the greatest benefit. This
process is effective on both memory foam (closed cells) and
conventional foam (open cells) microclimate surfaces. More
specifically, the process reduces the skin surface temperature at
high pressure sites. Normally, high skin surface temperature is
aggravated by the lack of airflow between the patient and the
mattress surface, which is typically covered in a moisture
impermeable fabric to reduce the risk of infection. The body
(endocrine system) senses high temperatures at the site and
increases sweat production in an effort to create evaporative
cooling. Without airflow there is no evaporation and the skin gets
waterlogged (macerated). Macerated skin is weakened and can be
damaged more easily leading to infection and pressure ulcers. These
problems are reduced or eliminated by the present device 1.
[0059] The primary therapeutic benefit of the device 1 is that the
device 1 helps keep skin temperatures in a normal range. This means
that in most all cases, the device 1 provides cooling rather than
heating due to the construction of most healthcare surfaces. Most
healthcare surfaces, are made using a fluid proof top surface to
facilitate cleaning and help reduce the spread of infections. The
fluid proof surfaces do not allow heat which is normally generated
by the human body to dissipate. The heat builds up and causes two
problems: (1) The body's endocrine system senses high temperatures
and then triggers the localized sweat glands to secrete
perspiration in an effort to provide evaporative cooling. Since
there is no air movement between a patient and the mattress surface
the moisture is trapped, there is no cooling and even more sweat
accumulates and causes the skin to become macerated and much more
subject to damage due to pressure and friction. Affected patients
can eventually become dehydrated and exhibit other symptoms that
can be hard to diagnose and treat. (2) Higher than normal
temperatures alone also increase the biological demand of the skin
in the affected areas. This causes the skin cells to operate at a
reduced level of performance leading to higher susceptibility to
damage and reduced healing rates.
[0060] One published study showed that cellular biological demand
(the energy needed to properly function) was increased 10% for
every degree c above normal. Another study noted that a 5 degree c
reduction was comparable to the therapeutic benefit of the highest
technology mattresses versus a standard mattress.
[0061] In an embodiment, the device 1 may be cooling only. The
overall construction and design of cooling versus heating and
cooling units may be identical. The heat/cool designs just add
electrical components to change the polarity of the DC power (from
positive to negative) to the thermoelectric modules and this
changes them from cold to hot.
[0062] Referring now to FIG. 6, in an embodiment, the microclimate
surface 1 may further have at least one thermoelectric cell (also
referred to as a cooling chip) 150 connected to a power source 260.
It should be noted that the device 1 preferably has numerous
thermoelectric cells 150 and that the term thermoelectric cell 150
in the present application may be read as plural. The
thermoelectric cell 150 may be electrically and mechanically
secured to a metallic strip (or wire) 250. In an embodiment, the
metallic strip 250 may take the form of a braided metallic strip.
Alternatively, in an embodiment, the metallic strip 250 may be
generally flat and may have a first loop portion 251 and a second
loop portion 252. The thermoelectric cell 150 may power and control
the metallic strip 250. When energy is added to the thermoelectric
cell 150, the thermoelectric cell 150 may control the temperature
of the first loop portion 251 and second loop portion 252. In an
embodiment, the thermoelectric cell 150 may make the first loop
portion 251 generally cool and may make the second loop portion 252
generally warm. The energy source may be, for example, DC or
110-250 VAC which is then converted to 12-24 Volts DC, 3-6 Amps to
power the thermoelectric cells 150 and/or ancillary pump and
blowers.
[0063] More specifically, the thermoelectric cell 150 consists of a
number of p- and n-type pairs (couples) connected electrically in
series and sandwiched between two ceramic plates. When connected to
a, for example, DC power source, current causes heat to move from
one side of the thermoelectric cell to the other. This creates a
hot side and a cold side on the thermoelectric cell. As a result,
the thermoelectric cell 150 may allow the first loop portion 251 to
remain at approximately sixty-five degrees F. whereas the second
loop portion 252 remains at approximately eighty-five degrees
F.
[0064] In an embodiment, the first loop portion 251 is located on
the top 2 of the base 95 (FIG. 7) and the second loop portion 252
is located beneath the top 2 of the base 95. The thermoelectric
cell 150 may be located between the first loop portion 251 and the
second loop portion 252 so that when the thermoelectric cell 150 is
activated, the first loop portion 251 cools down and the second
loop portion 252 warms up. An opening 300 (FIG. 7) may be present
extending from the top 2 of the base 95 through toward the bottom 3
of the base 95. The opening 300 may create a channel allowing the
thermoelectric cell 150 to be located both on the top 2 and within
the interior (or in an embodiment the bottom 3) of the base 95
wherein the first loop portion 251 extends to and remains
substantially on the top 2 of the base 95 and the second loop
portion 252 extends to and remains substantially within the
interior of the base 95. As a result, the top 2 of the base 95 (the
side which a patient rests on) remains cools and the heat is
transferred to the interior of the base 95 and away from the
patient. Further, in an embodiment, the first loop portion 251
rests around the pillars 30 in a substantially parallel position
with respect to the base 95 whereas the second loop portion 252
rest within the interior of the base 95 in a substantially
perpendicular position with respect to the base 95. Further, in an
embodiment, the first loop portion 251 is located in the generally
rectangular passageways 60 surrounding a single pillar 30.
[0065] In an embodiment, the base 95 has a plurality of openings
300 such that numerous thermoelectric cells 150, each having a
first loop portion 251 and second loop portion 252) are used
throughout the base 95. More specifically, the device 1 may have,
for example, approximately one thermoelectric cell 150 for every
one and a half pillars 30 such that one thermoelectric cell 150 is
located between a quadrant of four pillars 30. As a result, the
first loop portion 251 covers a substantial portion of the entire
top 2 of the base 95 therein insuring that the patient remains cool
regardless of where on the surface the patient is located.
[0066] In an embodiment, the second loop portion 252 may be
substantially located in a cooling agent containment 315 (FIG. 7).
More specifically, in this embodiment, the base portion 95 may be
hollow and may contain a cooling agent 316. The cooling agent
containment 315 may be a generally rectangular durable bag or other
securing mechanism wherein the cooling agent 316 is present.
Preferably the cooling agent 316 is liquid water; however, the
cooling agent 316 may be any suitable agent including other
liquids, a gas or a liquid combination. The cooling agent 316 may
allow the heat from the second loop portion 252 to escape from the
metallic strip 250 into the cooling agent 316. As the cooling agent
316 is circulated throughout the cooling agent containment 315 by
means of a pump 320, the heat may be removed from the system so as
to allow the top 2 of the base 95 (and therefore the patient) to
remain cool. Further, an antibacterial agent may be added to the
cooling agent 316 to prevent the spread of pathogens. A waterproof
seal may be located within or near the plurality of openings 300
such that cooling agent 316 located within the cooling agent
containment 315 may not escape the cooling agent containment 315.
An embodiment, the cooling agent containment 315 may have partial
separating walls 340 (FIG. 8) which may force the cooling agent 316
to move in a predetermined direction (for example, in a spiral
manner or in a zigzag pattern).
[0067] In an alternative embodiment, the device 1 may utilize a
flexible tubing system to carry the cooling agent 316 as opposed to
the above-mentioned cooling agent 316 flowing through a cooling
agent containment 315. In this embodiment, the flexible tubing may
reduce restriction of the assembly from the flexing and conforming
to the body of the user thus aiding pressure redistribution. In
this embodiment, the flexible tubing may be located below the
bottom 3 of the base 95 of the microclimate surface 1 and may be
placed in proximity to the warm second loop portion 252 (which may
be braided) so as to cool the thermoelectric cells 150 rather than
carrying the cooling agent 316 close to the top surface 2 of the
base 95. With respect to the pressure redistribution, by allowing
the base 95 to flex freely, the present device may reduce a
"hammocking" effect which often concentrates vertical forces rather
than allowing them to be dissipated. As stated above, the
microclimate surface 1 may have a plurality of pillars 30. The
plurality of pillars 30 may be elastic (and made of the same
material as the base 95) so as to be comfortable and to allow the
insertion and removal of the first loop portion 251. Further, the
plurality of pillars 30 may be made as a single unit with the base
95 wherein a solid piece of, for example, polyurethane is cut to
form the base 95 and connected pillars 30 of the device 1.
[0068] As stated above, the top 31 of the plurality of pillars 30
is domed-shaped. Providing a plurality of pillars 30 which has
domed-shaped tops 31, along with the protective generally
cylindrical passageway 60 between the plurality of pillars 30
allows the first loop portion 251 (the cool portion) of the
metallic strip 250 to not only remain protected by the pillars 30,
but the protective generally cylindrical passageways 60 and pillars
30 also increases the comfort for the user by providing a buffer
between the user and the metallic strip 250. More specifically, the
device increases patient comfort when weight (pressure) is applied
to plurality of pillars 30 as opposed to being applied to the first
loop portion 251 of the metallic strip 250.
[0069] Referring now to FIG. 9, in an embodiment, the domed-shaped
tops 31 of the plurality of pillars 30 may have a generally
cross-shaped channel 330 for which the first loop portion 251 of
the metallic strip 250 may pass through. The cross-shaped channel
330 may allow the first loop portion 251 to reach over the top 31
of the plurality of pillars 30 and remain secured to the top 31 of
the pillars 30 without the first loop portion 251 accidently
sliding off the top 31 of the pillars 30.
[0070] The insulating capability (r value) of the present device 1
is reduced and the thermal transfer rate (conduction) from the
first loop portion 251 to the person's skin is highest where the
plurality of pillars 30 is most compressed. This process is
effective on both memory foam (closed cells) and conventional foam
(open cells) microclimate surfaces. More specifically, the process
reduces the skin surface temperature at high pressure sites.
Normally, high skin surface temperature is aggravated by the lack
of airflow between the patient and the mattress surface, which is
typically covered in a moisture impermeable fabric to reduce the
risk of infection. The body (endocrine system) senses high
temperatures at the site and increases sweat production in an
effort to create evaporative cooling. Without airflow there is no
evaporation and the skin gets waterlogged (macerated). Macerated
skin is weakened and can be damaged more easily leading to
infection and pressure ulcers. These problems are reduced or
eliminated by the present device 1.
[0071] In an embodiment, the device 1 may have a generally flat
conductive layer 500 (FIG. 7). The generally flat flexible
conductive layer 500 may be placed over the top 31 of the plurality
of pillars 30 (and beneath the cover 10). The generally flat
conductive layer 500 may be grounded such that any electrical
charge from the thermoelectric cells 150 which may improperly
otherwise contact the patient would be grounded rendering the
device 1 safe and harmless.
[0072] In an embodiment, the top 2 of the microclimate surface 1
may be zoned such that specific predetermined areas may be
selectively heated, cooled or not activated. More specifically, a
user may, for example, independently and selectively control the
thermoelectric cells 150 around, for example, only the middle of
the user's back wherein the remaining thermoelectric cells 150
located on the top 2 of the microclimate surface 1 are not
activated or are activated at different temperatures. Further, in
this embodiment, a computer monitor may display different areas of
the microclimate surface 1 or the computer monitor may illustrate
representations of different areas of a user's body to allow the
user to independently select different temperatures for different
areas.
[0073] In an embodiment, the microclimate surface 1 of the present
device may be used in conjunction with other mattresses wherein the
other mattresses may have alternating pressurized areas. As a
result, one may control not only the temperature, but also the
pressure exerted on him/herself.
[0074] Referring now to FIG. 10, in an embodiment, an additional
opening 177 may be located on the bottom 3 of the base 95. The
opening 177 at the bottom 3 of the base 95 is preferably located
directly below the center of each of the plurality of pillars 30.
The opening 177 is preferably slightly greater in width than the
width 412 of the tube 75 such that the tube 75 may snugly fit
within the opening 177 at the bottom 3 of the base 75. In this
alternative embodiment, the device 1 may utilize not only the tube
75 circulating the warming or cooling agent 90 but also the
thermoelectric cell 150 having the first loop 251 and the second
loop 252. In this embodiment, the user may wish, for example, the
first loop 251 to provide a cool surface for the top of the device
1. When the first loop 251 is cool, the second loop 252 becomes
conversely warm. The heat from the second loop 252 is then
transferred to a cooling agent 90 located in the tube 75 within the
second opening 177 directly below the second loop 252.
[0075] Referring now to FIG. 11, in an alternative embodiment, an
opening 178 may be located within the center of the plurality of
pillars 30. In this embodiment, the tube 75 (or the first loop 251
of the thermoelectric cell 150) may extend directly through the
center of at least one of the plurality of pillars 30. In yet
another embodiment, an opening 179 (FIG. 9) may be located on the
side of one of the plurality of pillars 30 wherein the tube 75 (or
first loop 251 of the thermoelectric cell 150) may pass through the
opening 179 in the side of the plurality of pillars 30. In the
embodiment wherein the thermoelectric cell 150 is utilized (such as
in FIG. 9), the second loop 252 extends down below the plurality of
pillars 30.
[0076] Finally, in an embodiment, the top 2 surface of the base 95
of the microclimate surface 1 maybe cooled solely by the heat
exchange from a cooling agent 316 through tubing placed on the top
surface 2 of the base 95 wherein the cooling agent 316 is pumped
and circulated through the tubing by means of a heat exchanger and
blower.
[0077] Although embodiments of the invention are shown and
described therein, it should be understood that various changes and
modifications to the presently preferred embodiments will be
apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and
modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention and without diminishing its attendant
advantages.
* * * * *