U.S. patent application number 14/560879 was filed with the patent office on 2015-08-20 for borehole inspecting and testing device and method of using the same.
The applicant listed for this patent is PILE DYNAMICS, INC.. Invention is credited to Dean A. Cotton, Frank Frank Rausche, Garland E. Likins, JR., George R. Piscsalko.
Application Number | 20150233230 14/560879 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53797672 |
Filed Date | 2015-08-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150233230 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Likins, JR.; Garland E. ; et
al. |
August 20, 2015 |
BOREHOLE INSPECTING AND TESTING DEVICE AND METHOD OF USING THE
SAME
Abstract
A borehole inspection device and method of using the same to
measure the condition of the bottom extent of a borehole, the
system having a head unit assembly with top and bottom sides and
including at least one downwardly extending force sensor configured
to measure a reaction force applied to the at least one sensor as
it engages a bottom extent of the borehole, the inspection device
being configured to be lowered into a borehole and to bring the
sensor(s) into contact with the bottom extent wherein continued
downward movement of the head unit creates the reaction force on
the sensor(s) to determine at least one of a location of an
associated debris layer, a bearing capacity of the associated
debris layer, the thickness of the associated debris layer, the
location of an associated bearing layer and/or the bearing capacity
of the associated bearing layer.
Inventors: |
Likins, JR.; Garland E.;
(Newbury, OH) ; Piscsalko; George R.; (Rock Creek,
OH) ; Frank Rausche; Frank; (Chagrin Falls, OH)
; Cotton; Dean A.; (Fairview Park, OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
PILE DYNAMICS, INC. |
Solon |
OH |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
53797672 |
Appl. No.: |
14/560879 |
Filed: |
December 4, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61912206 |
Dec 5, 2013 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
166/254.1 ;
166/64; 166/66 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D 1/02 20130101 |
International
Class: |
E21B 47/00 20060101
E21B047/00; E21B 47/09 20060101 E21B047/09; E21B 47/04 20060101
E21B047/04; E21B 47/06 20060101 E21B047/06 |
Claims
1. A borehole inspection device to measure the condition of a
bottom extent of a borehole including measuring a debris layer
depth of a debris layer on a bottom extent of a borehole and/or a
bearing layer load capacity of a bearing layer of the material
below the debris layer, the inspection device comprising a head
unit assembly configured to be operably joined to an associated
lowering unit to lower the head unit into an associated borehole,
the head unit having a top side and a generally opposite bottom
side, the bottom side facing a bottom extent of the associated
borehole, the head unit further including at least one downwardly
extending force sensor extending downwardly relatively to the
bottom side and having a distal end extending toward the associated
bottom extent, the at least one downwardly extending force sensor
configured to measure a reaction force applied to the at least one
sensor as it engages the associated bottom extent of the associated
borehole, the inspection device being configured to be lowered into
an associated borehole by the associated lowering unit and to bring
the at least one downwardly extending sensor into contact with the
associated bottom extent of the associated borehole, continued
downward movement of the head unit creating the reaction force on
the least one downwardly extending force sensor to determine at
least one of a location of an associated debris layer, a bearing
capacity of the associated debris layer, the thickness of the
associated debris layer, the location of an associated bearing
layer and/or the bearing capacity of the associated bearing
layer.
2. The borehole inspection device of claim 1 wherein the at least
one downwardly facing force sensor includes at least one of a
strain sensor and a pressure sensor.
3. The borehole inspection device of claim 1 wherein each of the at
least one downwardly facing force sensor includes a base end and a
downwardly facing distal end, the distal end having a conical end
configuration.
4. The borehole inspection device of claim 3 further including at
least one displacement sensor, the at least one displacement sensor
configured to move relative to the head unit and measure downward
displacement of the device after the at least one displacement
sensor engages the associated bottom extent of the associated
borehole.
5. The borehole inspection device of claim 3 further including at
least one displacement sensor, the at least one displacement sensor
including an electronic sensor unit including at least one of
sonar, radar, lasers and optical technologies to measure distance
between the head unit and at least one surface of the associated
borehole.
6. The borehole inspection device of claim 5 wherein the at least
one displacement sensor includes a downwardly facing displacement
sensor to measure distance between the head unit and the associated
bottom extent.
7. The borehole inspection device of claim 5 wherein the at least
one displacement sensor includes a laterally facing displacement
sensor to measure distance between the head unit and a side wall of
the associated borehole.
8. The borehole inspection device of claim 1 further including at
least one displacement sensor, the at least one displacement sensor
configured to move relative to the head unit and measure downward
displacement of the device after the at least one displacement
sensor engages the associated bottom extent of the associated
borehole.
9. The borehole inspection device of claim 1 further including at
least one displacement sensor, the at least one displacement sensor
including an electronic sensor unit including at least one of
sonar, radar, lasers and optical technologies to measure distance
between the head unit and at least one surface of the associated
borehole.
10. The borehole inspection device of claim 9 wherein the at least
one displacement sensor includes a downwardly facing displacement
sensor to measure distance between the head unit and the associated
bottom extent.
11. The borehole inspection device of claim 9 wherein the at least
one displacement sensor includes a laterally facing displacement
sensor to measure distance between the head unit and a side wall of
the associated borehole.
12. The borehole inspection device of claim 1 wherein the
associated lowering unit is an associated Kelley bar and the system
further including a selectively securing mounting arrangement to
secure the head unit to the associated Kelley bar.
13. The borehole inspection device of claim 1 further including a
computer system having a data input, the data input being operably
connected to the head unit to collect sensor data produced by the
head unit.
14. The borehole inspection device of claim 13 wherein the computer
system is spaced from the head unit.
15. The borehole inspection device of claim 13 further including at
least one displacement sensor, the at least one displacement sensor
configured to measure the distance between the head unit and the
associated bottom extent.
16. The borehole inspection device of claim 1 further including at
least one laterally facing force sensor that is selectively
laterally extendable from the head unit assembly, the at least one
laterally extending force sensor configured to measure a reaction
force applied to the at least one lateral sensor as it engages an
associated side wall of the associated borehole.
17. The borehole inspection device of claim 16 wherein the at least
one laterally facing force sensor includes at least one of a strain
sensor and a pressure sensor.
18. The borehole inspection device of claim 17 wherein each of the
at least one laterally facing force sensor includes a base end and
a downwardly facing distal end, the distal end having a conical end
configuration.
19. A method of inspecting a condition of a bottom extent of a
borehole including measuring a debris layer depth of a debris layer
on a bottom extent of a borehole and/or a bearing layer load
capacity of a bearing layer of the material below the debris layer,
the method including the steps of: providing an inspection device
comprising a head unit assembly configured to be operably joined to
an associated lowering unit to lower the head unit into an
associated borehole, the head unit having a top side and a
generally opposite bottom side, the bottom side facing a bottom
extent of the borehole, the head unit further including at least
one downwardly extending force sensor extending downwardly
relatively to the bottom side and having a distal end extending
toward the bottom extent, the at least one downwardly extending
force sensor configured to measure a reaction force applied to the
at least one force sensor as it engages the associated bottom
extent of the associated borehole; operably joining the head
assembly to a lowering device; lowering the head assembly into the
borehole by way of the lowering unit; continuing the lowering step
until the at least one downwardly extending force sensor contacts
the bottom extent of the borehole; continuing the lowering step to
force the at least one downwardly extending force sensor into the
bottom extent of the borehole; measuring the reaction load to
determine at least one of a location of a borehole debris layer, a
bearing capacity of the borehole debris layer, the thickness of the
borehole debris layer, the location of a borehole bearing layer
and/or the bearing capacity of the borehole bearing layer.
20. The method of inspecting a condition of borehole of claim 16
wherein inspection device further comprises at least one
displacement sensor, the method further including the step of
measuring the displacement of the at least one displacement sensor
to track the penetration of the least one downwardly extending
force sensor into the bottom of the borehole,
21. A method of inspecting a condition of a bottom extent of a
borehole including measuring a debris layer depth of a debris layer
on a bottom extent of a borehole and/or a bearing layer load
capacity of a bearing layer of the material below the debris layer,
the method including the steps of: providing an inspection device
comprising a head unit assembly configured to be operably joined to
an associated lowering unit to lower the head unit into an
associated borehole, the head unit having a top side and a
generally opposite bottom side, the bottom side facing a bottom
extent of the borehole, the head unit further including at least
one downwardly extending force sensor extending downwardly
relatively to the bottom side and having a distal end extending
toward the bottom extent, the at least one downwardly extending
force sensor configured to measure a reaction force applied to the
at least one force sensor as it engages the associated bottom
extent of the associated borehole, the inspection device further
including at least one displacement sensor, the at least one
displacement sensor configured to measure the distance between the
head unit and the associated bottom extent; operably joining the
head assembly to a lowering device; lowering the head assembly into
the borehole by way of the lowering unit; continuing the lowering
step until the at least one downwardly extending force sensor
contacts the bottom extent of the borehole; continuing the lowering
step to force the at least one displacement sensor engages the
bottom extent of the borehole; marking the top surface of the
bottom extent of the borehole with the at least one displacement
sensor; continuing the lower step to urge the at least one force
sensor into the bottom extent; and, measuring the reaction load on
the at least one force sensor to determine at least one of a
bearing capacity of the borehole debris layer, the thickness of the
borehole debris layer, the location of a borehole bearing layer
and/or the bearing capacity of the borehole bearing layer.
Description
[0001] This application claims priority in provisional patent
applications Ser. No. 61/912,206 that was filed on Dec. 5, 2013,
which is incorporated by reference herein.
[0002] The invention of this application relates to a borehole
measuring device. More particularly, the invention of this
application relates to a measuring device that can be deployed in a
borehole to inspect the borehole, in particular, to inspect the
shaft bottom and/or side walls of the borehole and provide fast and
reliable information about the quality and bearing capacity of the
soils in the borehole.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
[0003] McVay et al.--U.S. Pat. No. 6,533,502 discloses a wireless
apparatus and method for analysis of piles which is incorporated by
reference herein for showing the same. In addition, Mullins et
al.--U.S. Pat. No. 6,783,273 discloses a method for testing
integrity of concrete shafts which is also incorporated by
reference in this application for showing the same. Piscsalko et
al.--U.S. Pat. No. 6,301,551 discloses a remote pile driving
analyzer and is incorporated by reference in this application for
showing the same. Likins Jr. et al.--U.S. Pat. No. 5,978,749
discloses a pile installation recording system and is incorporated
by reference in this application for showing the same. Piscsalko et
al.--U.S. Pat. No. 8,382,369 discloses a pile sensing device and
method of using the same and is incorporated by reference in this
application for showing the same. Dalton et al.--Publ. No.
2012/0203462 discloses a pile installation and monitoring system
and method of using the same and is incorporated by reference in
this application for showing the same.
[0004] Ding--U.S. Pat. No. 8,151,658 discloses an inspection device
for the inspection of an interior bottom of a borehole which is
incorporated by reference herein for showing the same. Tawfiq et
al. U.S. Pat. No. 7,187,784 discloses a borescope for drilled shaft
inspection and is incorporated by reference herein for showing the
same. In addition, Tawfiq et al. U.S. Pat. No. 8,169,477 discloses
a digital video borescope for drilled shaft inspection and is
incorporated by reference herein for showing the same.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Applicant has found that the invention of this application
works particularly well with the drilling and inspection of drilled
pile shafts wherein this reference is being used throughout this
application. However, this application is not to be limited to
drilled pile shafts wherein reference to piles in this application
is not to limit the scope of this application. "Piles" can equally
refer to drilled shafts or other deep foundation elements.
Application to shallow foundations is also useful.
[0006] Sensing apparatuses have been used in the building and
construction industry for a number of years. These sensing
apparatuses include a wide range of devices used for a wide range
of reasons in the field. These devices include sensing devices that
are used in connection with the installation and use of supporting
elements such as piles that are used to support the weight of
superstructures such as but not limited to supporting the weight of
buildings and bridges. As can be appreciated, it is important to
both ensure that a supporting foundation element, such as a pile,
has been properly formed and installed and that structurally it is
in proper condition throughout its use in the field. It must also
have sufficient geotechnical bearing capacity to support the
applied load without excessive settlement.
[0007] With respect to the installation of piles, it is important
that these structures be properly constructed so that the pile can
support the weight of a building or superstructure. Thus, over the
years, systems have been designed to work in connection with the
installation of a pile to ensure that this pile meets the building
requirements for the structure. These include sensing devices that
work in connection with the driving of a pile as is shown in
Piscsalko et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,301,551. Again, the Piscsalko
patent is incorporated by reference herein as background material
relating to the sensing and driving of structural piles. These
devices help the workers driving these piles to determine that the
pile has been properly driven within the soil without over
stressing the pile during the driving process, and assure the
supervising engineer that the pile meets all design requirements
including adequate geotechnical bearing capacity.
[0008] Similarly, devices are known which are used to monitor the
pile after it is driven. This includes the Piscsalko patents which
include devices that can be used to monitor the pile even after the
driving process. Further, Mcvay, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,533,502
also discloses a device used to monitor a pile during or after the
driving process is completed. The information produced by the
systems can be used to determine the current state of the pile,
including the geotechnical bearing capacity, and for determining a
defect and/or damage, such as structural damage, that may or may
not have incurred in response to any one of a number of events
including natural disasters.
[0009] In addition, it is known in the art that devices can be used
to help determine the structural integrity of a poured pile wherein
the pouring of the pile and the quality of this pouring can
determine the structural integrity of the pile once a poured
material like concrete has cured. Mullins, et al., U.S. Pat. No.
6,783,273 attempts to measure this integrity of a poured pile by
disclosing a system and method for testing the integrity of
concrete shafts by moving a single thermal sensor arrangement up
and down in a logging tube during the curing cycle of the concrete
in the poured pile. Piscsalko U.S. Pat. No. 8,382,369 discloses an
alternative to the Mullins device and discloses a thermal pile
sensing device that includes one or more sensor strings, each with
multiple thermal sensors, that are capable of monitoring the entire
pile generally simultaneously and over a period of time and can
create two or three dimensional images, in real time, based on the
curing of the poured material to assess structural integrity and/or
other structural characteristics.
[0010] However, while the prior art disclosed above can effectively
measure the integrity of the pile and certain aspects of the
borehole during or after the pouring of the pile, the bearing
capacity of the pile is also and more usually dependent on the
condition of the soil around the length of the shaft and below the
bottom borehole before the pile is poured. The bearing capacity at
the bottom of the borehole relates to condition of the soil at the
bottom of the borehole wherein loose soil has less bearing capacity
than soils that are undisturbed or dense. Loose soil also
contributes to undesirable increased settlement of the supported
structure. Thus, it is best to reduce the amount of loose soil at
the bottom of the borehole. In view of the difficulties associated
with viewing the bottom of a borehole that can be many meters below
the ground surface, and frequently in an opaque slurry condition
consisting of suspended clay particles mixed in water, or possibly
a liquid polymer mixture, it is common practice to employ a
so-called "clean-out bucket" to reduce the amount of unsuitable
bearing material, such as loose soil, at the shaft bottom. This
procedure requires replacing the drilling equipment with the
clean-out bucket which is then lowered into the borehole. The
success of the bottom cleaning is, however, not assured and several
passes or cycles of this effort may be needed. The uncertainty can
lead to unnecessary effort and, therefore, cost. Throughout the
remaining specification of this application, the terminology
"debris layer" and/or "debris" will be used to generally define the
unsuitable bearing material above the bearing layer. The unsuitable
bearing material includes, but is not limited to, loose soil, loose
material, soft material and/or general debris. The debris together
forms the debris layer.
[0011] The devices disclosed in the Tawfiq patents and the Ding
patent attempt to overcome these problems by making it possible to
inspect the bottom of the borehole and reduce the number of cycles
and therefore the time needed for secondary operations, and/or
reduce the required additional capacity above the design load to
the minimal sufficient margin. Or, at least to confirm that the
secondary cleaning operations were successful. Another such device
is the Drilled Shaft Inspection Device (SID) produced by GPE, Inc.
More particularly, these systems are configured to only visually
inspect the borehole before the pile is poured. None of these
systems can be used to estimate the capacity of the bearing layer
or assure a satisfactory soil condition at the bottom of the
borehole. With respect to the Tawfiq systems, they are complicated
and heavy systems that are costly to operate in the field. One such
problem is that the weight of Tawfiq's system requires the use of
large cranes or pulley systems to lower the Tawfiq's system into
the borehole, and further to move and assess multiple locations on
the bottom surface. Ding attempts to overcome the heavy system
shortcomings in Tawfiq by the use of a simple system that is
lighter and purely mechanical in design. In this respect, Ding's
system is essentially like a hand tool that must be operated by
specially trained operators and operated at or near the borehole by
these operators wherein the operator must cautiously work near an
open borehole. In operation, these operators must manually and
carefully lower the Ding system into a borehole without bumping the
side wall since any movement of the bottom plate before it reaches
the bottom of the borehole could require the system to be retrieved
to the surface and reset. In this respect, Ding utilizes manual
plate movements to measure the depth of the debris layer at the
bottom of the borehole, and retrieving the device after each
measurement to record the result prior to deploying the device
again to measure the next bottom location. While Ding overcomes
some of the complexity, weight and costs associated with the Tawfiq
systems, the Ding system is significantly more labor intensive
since each measurement requires the system to be completely removed
from the borehole and the displacement of the bottom plate visually
determined and manually reset. For larger boreholes, this can be
numerous iterations to sufficiently measure the entire bottom of
the borehole wherein each iteration requires the device to be
completely removed from the hole. For deep shafts, the time to
retrieve and redeploy is substantial. Yet further, the Ding system
is designed only to measure the height of debris layer at the
bottom of the borehole; it is not capable or configured for other
measurements. In fact, it is too light and thus incapable of
measuring load bearing characteristics of the soil in the bearing
layer. While for other reasons, the other systems discussed above
are also not capable of measuring load bearing characteristics. As
a result, Ding's attempts to simplify his system over the prior art
ultimately resulted in greatly increased labor cost to operate his
system. In addition, Ding's simplified system also results in a
reduced amount of data that can be obtained since his system can
only measure the amount of debris. Yet further, Ding's simplified
system necessitates highly skilled operators to operate his system
and to operate the system near the open borehole. Thus, while Ding
overcomes some of the complexity issues relating to the prior art,
it creates new and different problems in the art. Most importantly,
however, both the Tawfiq and the Ding devices require skilled
personnel, not necessarily skilled in safe construction work
practices, to approach and work next to a large borehole, either
filled with slurry or empty. This is generally not advisable, and
in some instances, not permitted on a construction site.
Additionally, these systems only attempt to measure the debris
layer on the bottom of the borehole, but none of the prior art can
give any indication of the capacity of the soil of the bearing
layer, or of the condition of the sidewall.
[0012] Therefore, there is still a need for a system to inspect and
test a borehole's soil strength before a pile is poured that
reduces the complexity and cost of the system without adversely
increasing labor costs by requiring highly skilled operators at the
jobsite for long periods of time and working near the borehole. Yet
further, there is a need for a system that makes it less costly to
inspect and test the borehole bottom and/or sides and reduces the
need for, or time required by, the secondary excavating system to
clean up the debris on the bottom of the borehole.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The invention of this application relates to a borehole
inspection device; and more particularly, to a borehole or shaft
hole inspection device and system.
[0014] More particularly, the invention of this application relates
to a borehole inspection that can quickly and accurately measure
the debris layer in a borehole.
[0015] According to one aspect of the present invention, provided
is a device which produces load-set curves or load versus
displacement curves for one or more locations of the shaft bottom
and/or sides to give the construction professional quick and
reliable information about the quality and bearing capacity of the
soils underneath the shaft bottom and/or the condition of the side
walls of the shaft. Due to uncertainty in the bottom of shaft
condition, a designer often ignores end bearing and relies only on
resistance along the side of the shaft when assessing the bearing
capacity of the shaft. By using the device of this application,
designers can with more confidence include end bearing in their
design and thus potentially save significant amounts of money in
the overall cost of the pile. This is particularly important when
the shaft has to carry end bearing.
[0016] More particularly, in one set of embodiments, the device can
measure soil resistance by utilizing a reaction load and this
reaction load can be a substantial reaction load produced by the
weight of the already present and massive drilling equipment.
[0017] According to yet another aspect of the invention of this
application, this device can measure a reaction load to both
determine the depth of the debris layer on the surface of the
bottom of the borehole bottom and measure the load capacity of the
bearing layer of the borehole below the debris layer.
[0018] According to a further aspect of the invention of this
application, the device can measure one or more conditions of the
side of the borehole wherein the designer can with more confidence
design for bearing capacities and thus potentially save more money
by justifiably reducing the safety margin (by either decreasing the
assumed ultimate bearing capacity or increasing the design load
since in either case the actual capacity is then better known).
[0019] According to even yet another aspect of the invention of
this application, the device can use the weight of the drilling
equipment as a reaction load. In fact, the device is conceived in
such a way that it allows quick connection to the drilling
equipment, which is already present on site to drill the foundation
hole, and in that way it eliminates the need for setting up
cumbersome additional equipment and reduces to a minimum any time
delays between the end of the drilling process and the beginning of
concrete casting. Yet further, the device of this application is
therefore built such that it can be handled by the contractors'
skilled personnel who are trained to be around a borehole and allow
the analyzers of the data to supervise the operation and analyze
the data without ever going near the borehole, may be as far away
as in their office.
[0020] According to a further aspect of the invention of this
application, the device can include multiple sensors and these
multiple sensors can detect and test more than one characteristic
of the borehole.
[0021] According to another aspect of the invention of this
application, this device can be configured to quickly connect to
the drilling equipment wherein separate and independent lowering
systems are not required thereby eliminating the need for setting
up cumbersome additional equipment and reducing to a minimum any
time delays between the end of the drilling process and the
beginning of concrete casting.
[0022] According to yet another aspect of the invention of this
application, the device can include both force and displacement
sensors thereby measuring both the amount of debris and/or the
bearing capacity of the bearing layer of the borehole bottom and/or
sides.
[0023] According to yet other aspects of the present invention, the
device can include the sensing on a device head that is lowered
into the borehole and a readout system spaced from the head that
can be in communication with the device head (by wired, wireless,
and/or underwater wireless systems) that can display real time data
viewable by the operator of the device, personnel on site and/or
personnel off site thereby preventing the system from being removed
from the borehole for each location tested on the borehole bottom,
thus improving efficiency and reducing the time required for
testing.
[0024] According to even yet other aspects of the invention, the
testing device can be joined relative to a cleanout bucket thereby
creating a combination debris cleaning and layer testing
device.
[0025] According to yet a further aspect of the invention, provided
is a device that can measure and determine at one or more points
simultaneously: [0026] The thickness of the debris layer and its
strength [0027] The strength of the bearing layer below the debris
layer [0028] The elastic modulus of the bearing layer [0029] The
uniformity of the debris layer and/or the bearing layer [0030] The
strength and/or condition of the sides of the borehole
[0031] These and other objects, aspects, features, advantages and
developments of the invention will become apparent to those skilled
in the art upon a reading of the Detailed Description of the
invention set forth below taken together with the drawings which
will be described in the next section.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] The invention may take physical form in certain parts and
arrangement of parts, a preferred embodiment of which will be
described in detail and illustrated in the accompanying drawings
which form a part hereof and wherein:
[0033] FIG. 1 is a perspective view a prior art cleanout bucket
utilized to clean the bottom surface of a borehole;
[0034] FIG. 2 is a side elevational view the prior art cleanout
bucket shown in FIG. 1;
[0035] FIG. 3 is an elevational view taken at the bottom of a
borehole and which shows an embodiment of the invention of this
application at a set or initial engagement point;
[0036] FIG. 3A is an elevational view taken at the bottom of a
borehole and which shows an embodiment of the invention of this
application at the bottom of the borehole as sensors begin to
engage the bearing layer;
[0037] FIG. 3B is an elevational view taken at the bottom of a
borehole and which shows an embodiment of the invention of this
application at the bottom of the borehole as sensors fully engage
the bearing layer;
[0038] FIG. 4 is a graph showing displacement and force
relationship for a sensor of the device of this application;
[0039] FIG. 5 is an elevational view taken at the bottom of a
borehole and which shows another embodiment of the invention of
this application;
[0040] FIG. 6 is an elevational view which shows yet another
embodiment of the invention of this application;
[0041] FIG. 7 is an elevational view which shows a further
embodiment of the invention of this application;
[0042] FIG. 8 is an elevational view which shows yet a further
embodiment of the invention of this application;
[0043] FIG. 9 is a bottom view of a plate that can be used with
embodiments of this application;
[0044] FIG. 10 is an elevational view of yet another embodiment of
this application configured to also measure the side walls before
the pile is poured;
[0045] FIG. 11 shows an elevational view of yet a further
embodiment of this application including a lateral bearing
measurement feature to produce a load versus displacement curve for
the borehole side wall;
[0046] FIG. 12 shows an elevational view, partially sectioned, of
yet a further set of embodiments of this application including a
borehole inspecting and testing device joined relative to a
cleanout bucket shown in a retracted condition;
[0047] FIG. 13 shows an elevational view, partially sectioned, of
the borehole inspecting and testing device shown in FIG. 12 in a
measurement condition; and,
[0048] FIG. 14 shows a bottom view of the borehole inspecting and
testing device shown in FIG. 12.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0049] Referring now to the drawings wherein the showings are for
the purpose of illustrating preferred and alternative embodiments
of the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same,
FIGS. 1 and 2 show a prior art clean out bucket CB which includes a
mounting arrangement AR configured to selectively secure the bucket
to a drilling mast, drillstem or Kelly bar (not shown in these
figures). These masts have a square cross-sectional configuration
wherein the mounting arrangement can be sized to slide over the
mast and includes a locking features LF to secure the bucket
relative to the mast. However, any attachment configuration could
be used without detracting from the invention of this application.
By including a square configuration, the mast can impart a
rotational force on the bucket. The bucket further includes one or
more side walls BW and a bottom B having a blade and a blade
opening (both not shown). In operation the bucket is rotated such
that the blade directs debris (which includes the unsuitable
bearing material including, but is not limited to, loose soil,
loose material, soft material and/or general debris) through the
blade opening into the interior of the bucket. The bucket's
function is to remove any debris on the bottom of the borehole to
provide a clean bearing layer surface in the borehole. If the
borehole is substantially larger than the diameter of the bucket,
the operator can move the bucket about the borehole bottom to clean
all or most of the borehole bottom. Removing the "debris"
contributes to increased end bearing and reduced settlement of the
supported structure.
[0050] With reference to FIG. 3, shown is a borehole inspection and
testing device 10 in a borehole BH. Borehole BH has a side wall SW
extending between a top opening O in a ground layer G and a bottom
extent BE. Bottom extent BE defines the borehole bottom referenced
above and includes both a debris layer DL and a bearing layer BL.
As can be appreciated, both layers in the bottom extent can be much
thicker than shown wherein this drawing is only intended to be a
general representation of these layers for the purpose of
describing the invention of this application. Yet further, the
bearing layer can extend essentially indefinitely into the ground.
As discussed more above, due to its loose conditions, the debris
layer has much less load bearing capacity and contributes to
undesirable excessive settlement of the supported structure,
wherein it is desired to minimize this layer and remove or
eliminate as much debris as possible. Conversely, the bearing layer
has a much greater bearing capacity; however, there are still many
factors that impact the bearing capacity of the bearing layer.
Accordingly, even though it is known that the bearing capacity of
the bearing layer is greater than that of the debris layer, the
exact bearing capacity is not known and cannot be determined by
prior art systems.
[0051] FIG. 3 further shows inspection and testing device 10 in
borehole BH. Device 10 includes a downhole testing head unit or
head assembly 12 along with one or more surface control and/or
display unit(s) 14 that can be in direct communication with testing
unit 12 by way of one or more communication lines that will be
discussed more below. Yet further, control and/or display unit 14
could be an integral part of the overall device which is lowered
into the borehole as part of the entire system, preprogrammed to
perform the required testing, and guided by electronic sensors.
Testing unit 12 includes a head plate or assembly 16 having a top
20 and a bottom 22. Plate 16 further includes sides 30-33 (33 not
shown). However, the configuration shown in these drawings is not
intended to limit the invention of this application wherein plate
16 can be a wide range of shapes and sizes; including a device
having a cylindrical configuration. In one embodiment, plate 16 is
about 18 inches in diameter and would be operated to take several
readings around the borehole bottom for larger boreholes.
[0052] Extending from top side 20 is a mounting arrangement 40 that
is shaped to receive a Kelly bar KB or drillstem. Mounting
arrangement 40 includes a locking bar 42 to lock unit 12 relative
to the bar KB and maintain the engagement between the bar and the
device. Plate or assembly 16 can include one or more holes or
openings 46 that can allow unit 12 to more freely descend through
standing water in the borehole. However, it must be understood that
the invention of this application is not to be limited to the
support structures shown and described in this application wherein
any type of support structure could be used without detracting from
the invention of this application including, but is not limited to,
round drill stems, with or without a Kelly bar, and/or dedicated
support structures.
[0053] Unit 12 can include one or more force sensors, shown in this
embodiment are two force sensors 50 and 52 extending out of bottom
22. Force sensors 50 and 52 can include any mechanism or system
known in the art or the sensor art to determine an applied load.
This can include, but is not limited to, strain sensors or gauges,
pressure sensors or gauges, such as gauges 54 and 56, respectively,
for sensors 50 and 52. These sensors are configured to measure,
force or strain on the sensors that can be used to determine layer
depth locations, bearing capacity of the debris layer, the
thickness of the debris layer, depth location of the bearing layer
and/or the bearing capacity of the bearing layer, which will be
disclosed more below. While sensors, such as sensors 50 and 52, are
shown and described as "cone sensors," these sensors can have a
wide range of configurations without detracting from the invention
of this application including, but not limited to, cone shapes,
conical shapes, semi-conical shapes, flat bottomed shapes,
spherical bottom shapes and others. In addition, these various
shapes can have different cross-sectional sizes and/or
configurations including different lengths without detracting from
the invention of this application.
[0054] Unit 12 can further include one or more displacement
sensors, such as the two sensors 60 and 62 shown, which will also
be discussed more below. As will be discussed more below, the
displacement sensors can work in combination with the force sensors
to measure the physical characteristics of the borehole bottom. In
this set of embodiments, sensors 60 and 62 are configured to move
relative to plate 16 through openings 64-65, respectively. Unit 12
and/or sensors 60 and 62 can include a displacement sensor that can
measure the movement of sensors 60 and 62 relative to head unit 12
and/or any other components of the system. Further, sensors 60 and
62 are biased downwardly and can be biased by any mechanical system
known in the art. The biasing can include, but is not limited to
weights 66, springs (not shown), fluids and the like for the
biasing of these sensors downwardly. In order to help prevent
sensors 60 and 62 from penetrating the debris layer, these sensors
can include bottom plate units 68 and 69, respectively.
[0055] In operation, head unit 12 and/or system 10 can be lowered
into borehole BH. The unit and/or system can be lowered by way of
any system or device known in the art including, but not limited
to, the borehole drilling equipment by way of Kelley bar KB and/or
a dedicated lifting device, which will be discussed more below.
Further, the lowering of the system can be monitored by a depth
measuring system 63. Depth measuring system 63 can be any depth
measuring system known in the art to measure downward displacement.
The system can then be lowered until a reaction force is measured
on the one or more of the sensors. This can be displacement of one
or more of the displacement sensors and/or a force reading on one
or more of the force sensors of the system. The force sensors are
configured to relatively easily penetrate through the debris layer,
the displacement sensors are configured to rest on top of the
debris layer. Thus, the force sensor will penetrate the debris
layer and the displacement sensors will not. In one set of
embodiments, the displacement of the displacement sensors can be
used to measure the depth of the debris layers. Further, the
reaction force on the force sensors can be utilized to determine
the bearing capacity, or lack thereof, of the debris layer. The
downward movement is continued until the force sensors engage the
bearing layer. As will be discussed more below, the change in force
readings on the force sensors can be used to determine the location
of the bearing layer. In this respect, the force reading(s) on the
force sensors will change significantly when the force sensors
transition into the bearing layer. This, in combination with the
displacement sensors, can measure the thickness and/or depth of the
debris layer. In accordance with another embodiment, the force
sensors alone can measure debris layer depth by monitoring force
readings in combination depth measuring system 63.
[0056] In one embodiment, the one or more force sensors can be
three or more force sensors. The penetration force can be measured
in any way including, but not limited to, electronically,
hydraulically and/or pneumatically, which includes, but is not
limited to, by strain sensors. The hydraulic or pneumatic pressure
can be configured to be sensed at the surface which would improve
the ruggedness of the device, but could be sensed anywhere along
the hydraulic supply lines, including within the borehole at or
near plate 16. Semiconductor strain gages can also be used,
providing reliable strain measurements even if the strains are
small (allowing for large range of load measurements). Calibrated
force sensors could also be used and/or one or more sensors having
different configurations could be used. For example, one set of
force sensors could be configured to measure the lower forces of
the debris layer while another set could be configured to measure
the larger loads of the bearing layer. For the displacement sensors
and/or depth measurement system, the displacement could be measured
by any way known in the art including, but not limited to,
hydraulically, LVDT, potentiometer, ultrasonic, radar, laser, RF,
wirelessly by either sonic waves or laser technology relative to
the top of the borehole or otherwise. The displacement could be
measured as the distance between the plate 16 and bottom plates 68
and 69. Sensors 60 and 62 also can be weighted and/or spring loaded
wherein, in a preferred embodiment, they are lightly weighted with
weights 66 so as to keep the bottom plates in contact with the top
of the debris of debris layer DL, but allow resistance, but free
movement.
[0057] All load measurements (from direct force measurements,
hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure and/or strain measurements
converted to force) could be displayed against this displacement
measurement, in real time. Ideally one would pair one load
transducer display with a nearby displacement measurement, although
the average load and average displacement would also provide a
meaningful result. Individual measurements would provide
information about the variability of the bottom and/or bottom
surface angles. However, the measurements could be easily repeated
at various locations around the bottom of the sometimes very large
shaft diameter. Yet further, other sensors, such as one or more
accelerometers or tilt sensors (not shown) could be utilized to
measure surface angles.
[0058] These sensors, and others, can be in communication with
workers on the surface operating the equipment by one or more
communication lines between head unit 12 and control unit 14. These
communication lines can utilize any technology known in the art and
new technology to communicate data to the surface. This can
include, but is not limited to, hydraulic lines, electrical lines,
data lines, fiber optics, coax cable, USB, HDMI, Ethernet, CAT 5,
CAT 5e, CAT 6, serial cables, parallel cables, wireless technology,
radio frequency communication, sonar, and/or optical communication.
The control system can alternatively be located at or near
plate/assembly 16 and operate from within the borehole. As can be
appreciated, by utilizing a communication system to transfer data
to the surface allows the data to be quickly accessed by the
workers and prevents the need to retrieve the system from the
borehole after each reading. Yet further, the control unit 14 can
be a computing system and can be coupled to one or more other
computing systems that can be used, for example, to control the
testing operations, track data, store data, analyze data and/or
transmit data including transmissions to off-site remote locations.
Yet further, the computing system can include one or more local
computing systems at the jobsite or borehole, including within the
borehole, such as unit 14, and one or more computing systems that
are off site (not shown), but in communication with unit 14. Even
yet further, a wide range of operating systems can be used by
workers and/or engineers and these systems can be any system known
in the art including, local systems, network systems, application
software, cloud based system and/or a blend of these systems. By
using systems, such as a cloud based system, many individuals can
monitor and/or evaluate data in real time. As a result, engineers
can monitor more than one testing operation and can do so either at
the jobsite and/or at a remote location. Further, the operation
unit can be separate from the data collection unit. Yet further,
this can allow the contractor to operate the system while allowing
an engineer to monitor the operation at any desired location. In
the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, communication lines 70-73 are used
to transfer signals and/or data to unit 14. These lines can be the
same lines and/or different lines. For example, one or more lines
could be electrical lines to transfer data and other lines could be
hydraulic lines to transfer pressure and/or pulses. In the
embodiments shown in these figures, line 70 is joined between
sensor 50 and control unit 14, line 71 is joined between sensor 60
and control unit 14, line 72 is joined between sensor 52 and
control unit 14, and line 73 is joined between sensor 62 and
control unit 14. Unit 14 can be any computing system known in the
art and can include a data storage and/or a display device,
potentially monitored remotely will allow the engineer to make an
immediate decision as any necessary cleaning or additional drilling
necessary to completing the shaft. Unit 14 can also serve as a data
collector to supplement field installation logs and for production
documentation.
[0059] In operation, the drillstem or Kelly bar KB can be used to
lower unit 12 into borehole BH and to direct the device into
engagement with bottom extent BE. Further, Kelly bar KB, can be
used to provide the application load to unit 12 and/or can be used
to determine head depth. As the device approaches bottom BE,
sensors 60 and 62 can be used to detect an engagement with debris
layer DL, as is shown in FIG. 3. This detection can be used to mark
the location or depth of the top surface of the debris layer and,
therefore, provide a reference for the measurement of the thickness
of any debris. At the same time it can also create a base or
reference point for the remaining data readings. As the device is
urged further downwardly, as is shown in FIG. 3A, sensors 60 and 62
will remain on top of the debris layer while sensors 50 and 52 will
penetrate the debris layer. As a result, in at least one
embodiment, sensors 60 and 62 can measure displacement while
sensors 50 and 52 measure the force or load applied in any layer on
the bottom of the borehole. This can be used to create a
displacement and force relationship and/or load versus displacement
curves and the basis for the calculation of the soil's elastic
modulus. Bottom plates 68 and 69 help maintain sensors 60 and 62 on
the top of the debris layer and further downward movement results
in sensors 60 and 62 moving relative to head plate 16 wherein this
displacement can be measured. Even though force sensors 50 and 52
are moving through the debris layer, they can still measure the
resistance, load, force or strain in this movement to generate a
load bearing data curve of force versus displacement for this
layer. As unit 12 is moved further into the borehole, as is shown
in FIG. 3B, sensors 50 and 52 will e engage bearing layer BL as is
shown in FIG. 3B. When this occurs, the load applied to sensors 50
and 52 will markedly increase wherein these sensors can be used to
determine when these sensors engage the bearing layer and the
bearing location or depth of the bearing layer can be calculated or
determined. See FIG. 4. In this respect, the load on these sensors
will increase in the bearing layer as they encounter denser
materials of increased bearing capacity. Thus, when they encounter
the bearing layer, the readings of force and/or strain on sensors
50 and 52 will increase. At this point, the displacement of the
sensors 60 and 62 between the set point (FIG. 3) (or initial top of
debris layer) and the bearing point (FIG. 3B) can be used to
determine the thickness and/or depth of the debris layer. Again, as
stated above, while only two sets of two sensors are shown in the
figures, more or less sensors could be used without detracting from
the invention of this application.
[0060] In greater detail and with special reference to FIG. 4, as
the unit 12 is lowered into the borehole, the force on sensors 50
and 52 is zero and remains zero until unit 12 reaches depth 80 as
is shown in FIG. 3. Then, continued downward movement will increase
the force on force sensors 50 and 52 wherein sensors 50 and 52 can
be used, in some embodiments, to determine the position of debris
layer DL and/or bearing layer BL. The forces on sensors 50 and 52
remain low as sensors 50 and 52 move through the debris layer, but
could fluctuate based on the debris that is on the bottom of the
borehole. Continued downward movement will continue to read lower
force levels until 12 reaches depth 82 as is shown in FIG. 3A. At
this point, the forces on sensors 50 and 52 will begin to rise
rapidly as they engage bottom layer BL in view of the greater
density of bearing layer BL. Again, reaching this depth, which can
be at least in part recorded by sensors 60 and 62, will cause the
sharp increase in forces on sensors 50 and 52 and this sharp
increase also could be used to determine the depth and/or thickness
of the debris layer along with the location of the bearing layer.
However, as is discussed above (and will be discussed more below),
separate sensing systems could be used for determining the location
of the layers. It should be appreciated that sensors 50 and 52
should be sufficiently long to penetrate into the bearing layer BL
prior to the unit 12 bottom reaching the top of the debris layer
DL. Then, downward movement of unit 12 can be continued until the
forces stabilize, shown as depth 84 in FIG. 3B. When this occurs,
the bearing capacity of the bearing layer can be determined. Thus,
system 10 can accurately measure the depth location of the top of
the debris layer, the thickness of the debris layer, the bearing
capacity of the debris layer, the depth location of the top of the
bearing layer and the capacity of the bearing layer. In accordance
with one set of embodiments, sensors 60 and 62 can be configured to
determine both the top extent of the debris layer and the thickness
of the debris layer while force sensors 50 and 52 measure the
bearing capacity of the debris layer, the bearing capacity of the
bearing layer and the top extent of the bearing layer.
[0061] Yet further, the measurements can be made at multiple
locations around the bottom of the borehole with simple lateral
repositioning of unit 12 and without removing unit 12 from the
borehole. In addition, these measurements can be analyzed by any
operator either at the jobsite or at a remote location. Further
yet, this data can be analyzed and stored for operational uses,
quality assurance uses and other uses. These movements can be
guided by electronic sensors such as gyros, GPS, etc. Additionally,
the control system may be part of the mechanical system and operate
automatically from within the borehole. This automatic system could
include sensors to guide the positioning and movement within the
borehole as well as automatically perform the desired test and
store all relevant data for later analysis.
[0062] With reference to FIGS. 5-14, examples of yet other
embodiments are shown. In these figures, like reference numbers are
utilized for similar structures in the interest of brevity and
system already discussed above are not discussed in reference to
these figures in the interest of brevity. These figures are merely
intended to show examples are alternative embodiments and can
include any feature, function, system, structure and/or component
discussed above. Thus, this is not to be interpreted to limit these
embodiments.
[0063] FIG. 5 shows a head unit 100 that includes a two piece plate
design. This design includes a head plate/assembly 112 and
secondary plate or assembly 120. In this embodiment, secondary
plate 120 can be configured to both determine the location of the
debris and bearing layers and also determine capacities. Secondary
plate 120 is configured to move relative to plate 112 and this
relative movement can be tracked by sensor 60 such it can also be
used to measure the location of the debris layer and the depth
and/or thickness of the debris layer. In addition, plate 120 can
include sensors 130 and 132 to help determine the consistency of
the debris layer or confirm the readings of sensors 50, 52 (only
one shown in this figure) that can operate as described above.
[0064] FIG. 6 shows a head unit 200 that includes a different two
piece design. This design includes a head plate/assembly 212 and a
secondary plate or assembly 220. In this embodiment, secondary
plate 220 is configured to both determine the depth location of the
layers and also determine capacities. Yet further, this embodiment,
and the other embodiments of this application, can be configured
such that the system operates by way of its own weight W. Weight W
can be produced by any mechanism including, but not limited to, the
weight of the head assembly itself, a secondary weight 222 and/or a
secondary spring arrangement 224. Secondary plate 220 can be
configured to move relative to plate 212 such that it can operate
based on its own weight W and wherein it can also be used to
measure the location of the debris layer and the depth and/or
thickness of the debris layer. As a result, the system could be
lowered by the Kelly Bar or could be lowered by any other means,
including but not limited to, a cable connected to a crane,
crane-like system or pulley system. In one embodiment, weight W is
greater than approximately 50 pounds. In another embodiment, the
weight is between approximately 100 and 300 pounds. In a preferred
format weight W is approximately 150 pounds. However, it should be
noted that while these weights (and ranges of weights) may be
preferred, the invention of this application is not limited to
these weights and/or ranges. Thus, when the probes penetrate, and
in view of the known weight W, this data can be used to determine
bearing capacity, or at least to determine the depth and/or
thickness of the debris layer. In addition, plate 220 includes one
or more sensors 230 and 232 to determine both the consistency of
the debris layer and the bearing capacities as discussed above in
greater detail in view of the know weight W. The movement of
secondary plate 220 relative to primary plate 212 can be tracked
for layer location and/or thickness. In addition, further downward
movement of the unit forces the plates 212 and 220 together (not
shown) to allow additional readings, such as the use of sensors 230
and 232 to determine the bearing capacity of the bearing layer.
[0065] FIG. 7 shows a head unit 300 that includes a single plate
design. This design includes a head plate/assembly 312 that
includes one or more sensors 50, 52 that can operate as described
above. However, in this embodiment, location and/or depth can be
determined by one or more electronic sensors in sensor unit 320.
Sensor unit 320 can work in connection with other systems described
in this invention (including, but not limited to sensors 60/62) and
can be used to help determine the location of the bottom of the
borehole. Sensor unit 320 can be any sensor capable of detecting an
object, surface or plane including, but not limited to sonar,
radar, lasers and/or optical technologies. Yet further, these
sensors alone, or along with others could be utilized to determine
if the borehole is vertical. Even yet further, depth could be
measured using a sensor detecting the pressure of the fluid, and
small changes of fluid pressure then converted to relative
displacements. Yet even further, sensor unit 320 could include
multiple sensors to help account for differences in fluid densities
at different depths for boreholes that are filled with a borehole
fluid to help maintain the integrity of the borehole between
drilling and filling.
[0066] FIG. 8 shows a head unit 400 that is being used to
illustrate that the probes or sensors can include different
configurations. In this respect, unit 400 includes a head plate 412
with both probes 50, 52 described in greater detail above and one
or more flat bottomed probe(s) 420. This embodiment can include
other sensor configuration described in this application and can
further improve the measuring accuracies of the device. More
particularly, one or more sensors of this application can be
configured for a single function wherein multiple sensors are used
for all needed functions. In this embodiment, probes 420 can be
configured to only determine the bearing capacities of the layers
in that the flat bottom will reduce penetration and can make it
easier to calculate bearing forces. Unit 400 can further include
one or more displacement sensors, such as sensors 60 and 62,
described above in greater detail.
[0067] With reference to FIG. 9, shown is a displacement plate 460
that can be used to replace bottom plate units 68 and 69 of sensors
60 and 62, respectively of any embodiment of this application.
Replacing plate units 68 and 69 with one or more movement plates
460 can increase the surface area for the base of the displacement
sensors to help prevent the penetration of sensors into the debris
layer. This can provide for more accurate depth measurement, or at
least can be used to average the depth measurement of the thickness
of the debris layer. In that plate 460 moves with the depth
sensors, the plate can include openings 470 and 472 to allow
sensors 50 and 52 to pass therethrough so that plate 460 can move
relative to sensors 50 and 52. Plate 460, along with plate units
68/69 described above, can include one or more holes or openings
480 of any size to help lower the plate and the overall unit into
standing water and/or borehole fluids in the borehole. Plate 460
can include one or more attachment arrangements 482 to secure plate
460 relative to the displacement sensors, such as displacement
sensors 60 and 62. However, while two attachment locations are
shown, this is not required.
[0068] With reference to FIGS. 10 and 11, the devices and systems
of this application can further include a wide range of other
sensors. These other sensor(s) can be configured to measure the
layers discussed above and/or other characteristics of the
borehole. As is shown in FIG. 10, a borehole measuring device 500
can include a plate unit assembly 510 that also includes one or
more side sensor(s) 520. Essentially, side sensors can be spaced
circumferentially about the plate to measure the condition of side
wall SW and/or the location of the side wall. The number of side
sensors can be based on the "resolution" that is desired. In this
respect, the more sensors circumferentially positioned about plate
510 can increase the amount of side wall that can be accurately
measured. Yet further, any number of sensor(s) 520 could be
positioned centrally and could be configured to scan 360 degrees
and/or rotate 360 degrees to scan side wall SW. In one embodiment,
there are between about 6 and 8 sensors 520 spaced about the plate,
preferably equidistantly about the central axis of the plate. Again
these additional sensors can be used in combination with any
embodiment of this application and, for example, device 500 can
include one or more laterally facing pressure sensors 50, 52 that
can operate as described above. As discussed above, sensors 520
could include multiple sensors at each location (or at least at one
of the locations) to help account for, or calculate for,
differences in fluid densities at different depths for boreholes
that are filled with a borehole fluid to help maintain the
integrity of the borehole between drilling and filling. While all
of the sensors could have this feature, one embodiment includes at
least one sensor with the dual sensor feature that can be used to
determine the fluid density and the remaining sensor can utilize
this data.
[0069] With special reference to FIG. 11, plate or unit 510
discussed above can also include one or more different types of
sensors that are laterally positioned including, but not limited
to, laterally facing sensors 50x and 52x that are actuateable
laterally so that they can be forced either against or into the
side wall to determine one or more physical characteristics of the
side wall(s). These sensors can be pushed against the side wall to
determine location and/or bearing capacity. Further, this
embodiment, and others can utilize downward electronic sensor(s)
320, discussed above, for depth measurement. As a result, sensors
320 and 520 discussed above in relation to FIG. 10 can be used to
measure the shape, condition and locations of the layers and side
walls, while sensors 50 and 52 can measure bearing capacities of
the bottom layers and sensors 50x and 52x can measure bearing
capacities of the side wall. As with sensors 320, sensors 520 can
be any sensors configured to determine surface geometries
including, but not limited to sonar, radar, lasers and/or optical
technologies.
[0070] Yet further, the force sensors 50, 52, 50x and/or 52x could
be replaced by a plate which measures an average soil resistance
over a wider area. Further, the device can also record a dynamic
load test at varying impact speeds, by using an impact weight
against a bearing plate on the drillstem. Yet further, the units of
this application can include an inclinometer, accelerometer(s),
and/or tilt meter to determine the angle or pitch of the bottom of
the borehole. This can include, but is not limited to, the use of
sensors 50, 52, 60 and/or 62 operated independently of one another
to determine displacement or pressure differences that can be used
to calculate pitch. As mentioned above, the number of sensors can
depend on many factors including desired accuracies, costs and the
use of the sensors wherein determination of characteristics, such
as pitch, could necessitate more sensors. Accordingly, while it may
be preferred that three sensors be used, it is not required. Yet
further, the system can utilize other technologies, such as GPS,
that can be used to locate and mark which hole in the construction
site is being tested. This data can be utilized to organize test
data for future use or review. The GPS can be any position locating
system such as satellite based positioning systems and jobsite
based location systems. These other sensors, such as the side
sensors noted above, can also be used to determine the position of
the unit within the boreholes, such as whether the device is
centered within the one borehole. Yet further, gyroscopic and/or
geomagnetic based systems can be utilized to track movement of the
systems within the borehole.
[0071] Yet further, as is noted above, the borehole inspection and
testing devices of this application could be joined to a wide range
of support structures and these even include a dedicated support
system wherein the inspection and testing device could be left in
place for permanent pressure monitoring, which is particularly
useful in conjunction with hydraulic pressure measurement systems
which have the ability of accurately sensing the pressures applied
by a structure to the foundation. In addition, the inspection and
testing devices of this application could be used without a Kelly
bar or drill stems without detracting from the invention of this
application. Yet further, the inspection and testing device can
also be configured to extract samples of the debris/bearing layer.
This can be done with a wide range of systems including, but not
limited to, one or more hollow penetrometers (not shown).
[0072] With reference to FIGS. 12-14, shown is a borehole
inspection and testing device 600 having a head unit 610 that is
joined relative to a cleanout bucket 612. This particular
embodiment allows a single device to both remove debris from the
bottom of the borehole and test the layers at bottom of the
borehole as are discussed in greater detail above. As can be
appreciated, this can further streamline the process of preparing
and testing the borehole bottom by eliminating change over times
between the use of the cleanout bucket and the inspection and
testing devices of this application.
[0073] In greater detail, system 600 can include an annular
extension ring 620 that can move relative to cleanout bucket 612.
Ring 620 can include one or more sensor similar to one or more of
the sensors discussed in greater detail above with respect to any
of the disclosed embodiments. In the particular example shown, head
unit 610 can include one or more force sensors 650 and 652 that can
be similar to force sensors 50 and 52 discussed in greater detail
above and/or one or more displacement sensors 660 and 662 that can
be similar to displacement sensors 60 and 62 also discussed in
greater detail above. While this example includes a four sensor
arrangement, any number of sensors could be used without detracting
from the invention of this application. Yet further, even side wall
sensors could be utilized in this embodiment. And, the side wall
sensors could be separate from extension ring 620.
[0074] Head unit 610 can further include a support ring 630 that
can be joined to extension ring 620 by one or more actuation
devices 632 that allow ring 620 and sensors 650, 652, 660, 662 to
move relative to support ring 630 and bucket 612 along axis 636.
Actuation devices 632 can be any actuation devices including, but
not limited to, hydraulic and/or pneumatic cylinders. System 600
can further include a shielding apparatus 638 to protect head unit
610. This is particularly important when device 600 is lowered into
borehole O and during the operation of the cleanout bucket. The
shielding apparatus can include an upper shield 640 that can be
formed by a top wall 642 and a side wall 644. In the embodiment
shown, the side wall is a single cylindrical side wall, but this is
not required. In addition, shielding apparatus can further include
a bottom protective ring 646. Bottom protection ring 646 can be
joined to side wall 644 or to the head unit. Further, ring 646 can
include ring openings 648 that allow the sensors to retract into
shielding apparatus 638 when the testing unit is not in use there
by further protecting the equipment of the testing unit.
[0075] In operation, head unit can moves between a retracted
position 668 as is shown in FIG. 12, wherein head unit 610 and the
sensors are spaced from a working end 670 of bucket 612. This
allows bucket 612 to be utilized to remove debris from the borehole
without damaging the head unit.
[0076] FIG. 13 shows system 600 in an extended position 669 wherein
system 600 can measure the bottom layers of the boreholes as is
discussed in greater detail above. Further, actuators 632 can be
utilized to produce the downward force and/or movement of the
sensors for the testing of the borehole layers.
[0077] The exemplary embodiment has been described with reference
to the preferred embodiments. Obviously, modifications and
alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the
preceding detailed description. It is intended that the exemplary
embodiment be construed as including all such modifications and
alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended
claims or the equivalents thereof.
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