U.S. patent application number 14/626701 was filed with the patent office on 2015-06-11 for photovoltaic power apparatus for rapid deployment.
The applicant listed for this patent is Walter COWHAM. Invention is credited to Walter COWHAM.
Application Number | 20150162865 14/626701 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 53058123 |
Filed Date | 2015-06-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150162865 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
COWHAM; Walter |
June 11, 2015 |
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER APPARATUS FOR RAPID DEPLOYMENT
Abstract
A rapidly deployed photovoltaic (PV) apparatus (2) providing a
PV array (10) housed within an easily transportable standardized
container. The PV array (10) is movable between a stowed position
in a V-shape configuration and a fully deployed flat position. Dual
function hydraulic cylinders are provided for movement of the array
(10) in the fully deployed position and movement of the container
when the array (10) is in the stowed position. Solar tracking of
the array (10) is facilitated by linear compensation translators
which are attachable to the hydraulic cylinders upon full
deployment. A retractable roof structure is provided which allows
trickle charging to occur when the array (10) is in the V-shaped
stowed position.
Inventors: |
COWHAM; Walter; (Quincy,
MA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
COWHAM; Walter |
Quincy |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
53058123 |
Appl. No.: |
14/626701 |
Filed: |
February 19, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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PCT/US14/65852 |
Nov 16, 2014 |
|
|
|
14626701 |
|
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61905817 |
Nov 18, 2013 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
136/251 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24S 2025/012 20180501;
F24S 2030/115 20180501; F24S 25/70 20180501; H02J 7/0042 20130101;
H02S 10/40 20141201; Y02E 10/50 20130101; Y02E 10/47 20130101; H02S
30/20 20141201 |
International
Class: |
H02S 10/40 20060101
H02S010/40; H02S 30/20 20060101 H02S030/20; H02J 7/00 20060101
H02J007/00 |
Claims
1. A photovoltaic (PV) power apparatus for rapid deployment, said
system comprising: a housing, a PV array having a collection of
solar panels mounted upon a frame, said frame including two
sections connected via a lengthwise hinge such that said PV array
forms a V-shaped cross section when placed in a stowed position
within said housing, said PV array being capable of movement from
said stowed position to a deployed position atop said housing; a
plurality of hydraulic devices, each said hydraulic cylinder being
mounted within a support, said support being attached to said
housing via at least one hinge; a pivot point located on each said
support and about which each said hydraulic device is rotatable
between an upwardly actuating position to a downwardly actuating
position; and wherein said hydraulic devices in said upwardly
actuating position enables movement of said PV array and said
hydraulic devices in said downwardly actuating position enables
movement of said housing.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said hydraulic
devices in said upwardly actuating position contact a corresponding
one of a plurality of linear compensation translators, each said
linear compensation translator being mounted in a moveable manner
within said frame such that said linear compensation translators
provide movement of said PV array along each of an x-axis, y-axis,
and z-axis relative to the longitudinal axis of said hydraulic
cylinder with which said linear compensation translator is in
contact.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein said hydraulic
devices include a cylinder and a piston, said apparatus further
including a universal joint coupling for removable attachment
between said piston and said linear compensation translator.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein an offset swivel
mechanism provides said pivot point, said offset swivel mechanism
being located within a frame of said support.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein each said hydraulic
device while in said downwardly actuating position enables vertical
movement of said housing sufficient to allow a cargo area of a
vehicle under said housing.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 further including at least
one winch and cabling arranged within said housing, said frame of
said PV array including rollers for engaging said cabling during
movement of said PV array just prior to and just after placement
into said stowed position.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 further including a roof for
said housing, said roof having segments configured to eject
horizontally relative to a top of said housing and laterally
relative to a center of said housing so as to allow ejection of
said PV array via said winch and cabling.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein said roof is
fabricated from a material transparent to light so as to allow for
trickle charging of batteries by said PV array while said PV array
is in said stowed position.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 further including at least
one access door for access to an interior of said housing.
10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9 further including at least
one electrical closet having access separate from said access door,
said electrical closet providing space for control electronics.
11. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein
said housing further includes a battery area located beneath a
floor of said interior of said housing.
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11 wherein said housing is a
standardized shipping container and includes access to said battery
area, said access being adjacent to forklift through holes formed
within a base of said standardized shipping container.
13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein said two sections
of said frame of said PV array include a longitudinal hinge
connecting said two sections, said longitudinal hinge including
ends forming guide posts, said guide posts configured to ride
channels located at interior ends of said housing during movement
of said PV array just before and just after said stowed
position.
14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13 wherein said cabling
engages said rollers during engagement of said guide posts with
said channels thereby maintaining said PV array securely in said
V-shape.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of Application No.
PCT/US14/65852 filed on 16 Nov. 2014 which claims priority from
U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/905,817 filed 18 Nov.
2013, the contents of which are herein incorporated by
reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to photovoltaic
power generation. More particularly, the present invention relates
to photovoltaic power systems for rapid deployment, portability,
and redeployment.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In the field of power generation, there are many examples of
standalone systems not tied to the power grid. Such standalone
systems often involve a generator fueled by a hydrocarbon-based
fuel such as gasoline, diesel, or propane. However, some such
systems are wind or solar powered in terms of a blade driven rotary
turbine or photovoltaic array, respectively. Still further, some
such systems function through a combination of wind, solar, or
fuels. Several of such systems is discussed as follows.
[0004] U.S. Pat. No. 5,487,791 issued to Everman et al. on 30 Jan.
1996 embodies a stowable and self-deployable parallelogram-type
panel array for solar cells. The array includes two sets of rigid
panels, the panels of each set being hinged together, and the sets
extending side-by-side along a central axis. The sets are foldable,
and are pivoted together at their central points so as to form
parallelogram-type structures. A respective yoke is hinged to each
set to coordinate the movement of the sets. The yokes are hinged to
a base on the opposite side of the axis from their respective set
to provide greater structural stability and a higher first node
resonant frequency. Deployment force is exerted by self-powered
hinges, and are the only source of deployment force. The yokes are
joined by gears to coordinate their rotation and thereby the
stowing and deploying of the array.
[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,501 issued to Glidden et al. on 19 Oct.
1999 embodies a trailer mounted, self-contained solar power system
having a plurality of solar panel sections that are arranged to
fold about the sides and top of the trailer. The panel sections
unfold and lock together through slide rams that are contained
within a rack structure supporting the panel sections to form a
planar array that is easily deployable at a desired angle to the
horizontal. The planar array pivots about a hinge along one side of
the trailer top, and the panel sections are asymmetrically arranged
for positioning of the planar array.
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 6,396,239 issued to Benn et al. on 28 May 2002
embodies a portable photovoltaic modular solar generator. A
plurality of wheels are attached to the bottom of a rechargeable
battery container. At least one rechargeable battery is contained
inside the rechargeable battery container. A power conditioning
panel is connected to the rechargeable battery container. At least
one photovoltaic panel is pivotally connected. In one embodiment,
the rechargeable battery container is a waterproof battery
enclosure having a knife switch connection. A mast having a
rotation bar is supported by the waterproof battery enclosure. At
least one solar panel support brace for supporting the photovoltaic
panel is attached to the rotation bar. The power conditioning panel
is waterproof and is attached to the mast and has a door. When the
door is opened, at least one safety switch is opened, breaking an
electric circuit. The waterproof power conditioning panel has a
charge controller and an inverter. The charge controller is
electrically connected to at least one rechargeable battery and at
least one photovoltaic panel, and is capable of receiving auxiliary
power inputs.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 7,230,819 issued to Muchow et al. on 12 Jun.
2007 embodies a mobile power system for producing power at a
desired location. That system includes a first power generating
device of a first type coupled to a transportable housing, and a
second power generating device of a second type coupled to the
transportable housing. The first type of power generating device is
different than the second type of power generating device.
According to one embodiment, the mobile power system may provide
easy access to different types of power outputs. Further, the
housing may have the approximate size of a standard freight
container.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 7,795,837 issued to Haun et al. on 14 Sep.
2010 embodies a portable solar power supply trailer with a security
containment area and multiple power interfaces. The trailer has a
trailer frame with wheels on axles and a support hitch. An
enclosure on the trailer frame covers about 25 percent of the
trailer frame and a solar array frame is disposed on the enclosure.
The solar array frame covers the entire trailer frame and the
enclosure, and the solar array frame has at least one photovoltaic
cell. The enclosure has plurality of power interfaces for access by
a user external to the enclosure, a plurality of batteries, a solar
controller, a power interface timer in the enclosures for providing
power to the power interfaces, and two posts and two supports for
supporting the solar array frame.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 8,253,086 issued to Zalusky et al. on 28 Aug.
2012 embodies a solar collector can be rotated and tilted about a
polar mount. The solar collector can be designed such that the
center of gravity of the collector is aligned with the axis of the
polar mount facilitating the use of smaller positioning devices.
The collector can be placed in a position to prevent damage by
inclement weather and allow access for maintenance and
installation.
[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 8,291,647 embodies a self-contained structure
configurable as a shipping container and as a dwelling. The
self-contained structure configurable as a shipping container and
as a dwelling includes a lower section including a platform and a
floor, the lower section forming a first portion of a foundation of
the dwelling; an upper section including a ceiling and connected to
the lower section to define a cavity, the upper section forming a
first portion of a roof of the dwelling; a plurality of wall
components attached to the lower section and the upper section
within the cavity to form subcavities within the cavity; a
plurality of panels attachable to the lower section and the upper
section to enclose the cavity when the structure is configured as
the shipping container and attachable to the upper section to form
a second portion of the roof of the dwelling extending from the
first portion of the roof to define an approximate area of the
dwelling when the structure is configured as the dwelling; and a
plurality of extension walls storable within the subcavities when
the structure is configured as the shipping container and
configurable to enclose the approximate area of the dwelling when
the structure is configured as the dwelling.
[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 8,299,645 issued to Muchow et al. on 30 Oct.
2012 embodies a trailer that includes a frame defining a body of
the trailer. The trailer also includes a power system stored in the
body of the trailer. At least a portion of the power system is
integral to the body of the trailer. The power system includes at
least one power generating device stored in the body and removable
from the body.
[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 8,365,479 issued to Tucker on 5 Feb. 2013
embodies a standalone or partially standalone solar photovoltaic
structure and methods for assembling the structure. The solar
photovoltaic structure can employ a hinged photovoltaic roof deck
that can be folded for transportation. Described are hinges that
can be removed after assembly and act as protective elements to
facilitate transportation. Also described is an attachment
arrangement for joining purlin or frame members to vertical support
columns by locking the frame numbers into column capitals.
[0013] United States Published Patent Application No. 2008/0196758
filed by McGuire on 21 Aug. 2008 embodies a self-sustaining,
portable, power station that may be moved by land, air, or sea to
an area that has no utilities. The station is provided with at
least one wind turbine and/or solar panel arrays in communication
with at least one electrical distribution and storage means. The
derived electricity is used to power various systems including,
albeit not limited to, a communications system, a water filtration
system, a water distribution system to allow the public to draw
potable water and provide basic hygiene. The electricity derived
may also be used to run outside systems, such as schools,
hospitals, or the like.
[0014] United States Published Patent Application No. 2012/0313569
filed on Curran on 13 Dec. 2012 embodies a solar panel deployment
system includes a main support frame and a solar panel array
providing at least one solar panel, wherein the solar panel array
is coupled to the main support frame, and each of the solar panels
are mounted in a solar panel frame. The system also includes a lift
mechanism coupled to the main support frame and solar panel array,
and an array extender/retractor coupled to the solar panel array,
wherein the array extender/retractor is actuated to deploy the
solar panel array or to retract the solar panel array.
[0015] While the above examples of standalone power systems provide
improvements on prior technology, they do so at a cost of
complexity and related unreliability. It is, therefore, desirable
to provide a robust power system capable of rapid deployment and
redeployment.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0016] It is an object of the present invention to obviate or
mitigate at least one disadvantage of previous standalone power
systems. Moreover, the present invention provides a self-contained
power system having a rapidly deployable PV array which is quickly
and easily established in the field by minimal human intervention.
The inventive system is also quickly retracted and contained for
movement and redeployment in another location. The robust nature of
the present invention and the ease with which the invention is
deployed and redeployed provides a versatile standalone power
system that may reach distant locations typically underserved by a
standard electrical grid. Further, the rapid deployment and
robustness of the present invention lends itself to emergency
situations where there may be some breakdown in the standard
electrical grid such as after natural disasters or any man-made
calamity.
[0017] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a
photovoltaic (PV) power system for rapid deployment, the system
including: a housing; a PV array having a collection of solar
panels mounted upon a frame, the frame including two sections
connected via a lengthwise hinge such that the PV array forms a
V-shaped cross section when placed in a stowed position within the
housing, the PV array being capable of movement from the stowed
position to a deployed position atop the housing; a plurality of
hydraulic cylinders, each the hydraulic cylinder being mounted
within a support, the support being attached to the housing via at
least one hinge; a pivot point located on each the support and
about which each the hydraulic cylinder is capable of rotation
between an upwardly actuating position to a downwardly actuating
position; and wherein the hydraulic cylinders in the upwardly
actuating position provides movement of the PV array and the
hydraulic cylinders in the downwardly actuating position provides
movement of said housing.
[0018] Other aspects and features of the present invention will
become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review
of the following description of specific embodiments of the
invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described,
by way of example only, with reference to the figures.
[0020] FIG. 1 is a generalized schematic showing an embodiment a
rapid deployment PV system in accordance with the present invention
in its mobile stage.
[0021] FIG. 2A shows the embodiment as seen in FIG. 1 wherein the
hydraulic pistons are being extracted from a stored position.
[0022] FIG. 2B shows the embodiment as seen in FIG. 2A wherein the
hydraulic pistons are extended to enable removal from a truck
bed.
[0023] FIG. 2C shows the embodiment as seen in FIG. 2B wherein the
hydraulic pistons are being rotated to enable array actuation and
the roofing is retracting to enable array ejection.
[0024] FIG. 2D shows the embodiment as seen in FIG. 2C wherein the
hydraulic pistons are locked in an upward orientation to enable
array actuation and the roofing is fully retracted to enable array
ejection.
[0025] FIG. 3 is a simplified version of the embodiment shown in
FIGS. 2A-2D wherein the array is fully deployed and the access
doors are opened.
[0026] FIG. 4 is a simplified version of the embodiment shown in
FIGS. 2A-2D wherein the array is semi-deployed and the access doors
are closed.
[0027] FIG. 5 is a detailed close up view of the mechanism for
attachment of a hydraulic piston to an underside of the array.
[0028] FIG. 6 is a detailed close up view of the structure
supporting a hydraulic piston.
[0029] FIG. 7 is a simplified cross-section along the lengthwise
direction of the present invention showing forklift spaces and
battery storage spaces.
[0030] FIG. 8 is perspective view of the forklift spaces and
battery storage spaces seen in FIG. 7.
[0031] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the present invention
showing winch and cable details used for ejection and retraction of
the array such as during the positioning shown in FIG. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] In general, the present invention includes three primary
elements including a housing, a PV array, and electrical components
to obtain useful electrical output from the PV array and provide
such output as an electrical supply used, for example, in nearby
housing. These three general elements will now be discussed in
further detail.
[0033] The housing is preferably formed from a standardized steel
shipping container or a custom-built container from an original
equipment manufacturer (OEM) capable of adherence to the standards
promulgated by the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO). Whether the housing is a customized ISO container or an OEM
container explicitly manufactured for the present invention is a
matter of cost and availability. One useful and important aspect of
the present invention is the ubiquitous nature of ISO container in
the freight shipping industry. One need not go far to stumble upon
an unused or underutilized ISO container. Indeed, such ISO
containers which may have otherwise been rendered surplus, may be
given new use in the context as a housing for the present
invention. Thus, "recycling" an existing surplus ISO container by
modifying it for use as the housing may be useful in keeping costs
at minimum. However, an OEM container custom-built as the housing
of the present invention is possible and cost reduction may be
obtained through scale of production. In either event, it is
important to note the commonality of the housing being standardized
(i.e., size, corner fittings or slots for forklift/crane/tie-downs,
etc.) and durable (e.g., steel with corrugated surfaces) for
shipping purposes.
[0034] The second primary element of the present invention is a PV
array. The array itself is formed by multiple solar panels. The
details of such solar panels is not considered critical to the
present invention as standardized panels may be assembled to form
the PV array. However, the frame upon which the PV array of panels
rests is advantageously configured to stow within the housing.
[0035] With regard to FIG. 1, there is shown a generalized
schematic the present inventive rapid deployment PV system 2 in its
mobile stage upon a flatbed truck 5. The truck 5 is shown in
silhouette as it is not important what type of vehicle is used to
transport the inventive apparatus. Rather, any vehicle suitable for
supporting the relatively flat underside of the system 2 is
possible without straying from the intended scope of the invention.
Here, the system 2 is seen to include a roof 1 and "door-like"
piston support structures 3, 4. It should be noted that additional
piston support structures are included on the opposite side though
not visible in this illustration.
[0036] More specifically and with regard to FIGS. 2A through 2D,
there are shown the deployment stages of an embodiment of the
present invention including a housing and a PV array during the
stowed position within the inner cavity of the housing. The frame
is formed in two identical halve sections hinged along a central
axis. In the stowed position, the frame rests in a V-shape with the
PV array facing upwards towards the opening atop the housing. Once
fully deployed, the frame hinge is locked in an open position to
form one contiguous planar surface upon which the PV array of
panels rests. Once in the fully deployed position, the PV array has
the ability for movement in a manner that tracks the position of
the Sun.
[0037] While it is readily known within the teachings discussed in
the aforementioned Background section that folding PV arrays may be
deployed from a storage position to a movable position allowing
solar tracking, the present invention provides advantages in the
manner in which such storage and deployment occurs and in the
requisite structural elements provided for such storage and
deployment. Such inventive features are discussed in more detail
further herein below.
[0038] The third primary element of the present invention is the
electrical componentry provided to obtain useful electrical output
from the PV array. These electrical components may include all
necessary wiring, electrical connections, batteries for storage of
electricity produced, inverter circuitry for conversion from direct
current (DC) to alternating current (AC), surge protection, and any
other electrical component which one of ordinary skill in the art
of power generation would require for any given implementation of
the present invention. For example, one implementation may require
DC to AC inversion to a system in the jurisdiction of Eritrea where
local electrical requirements dictate a need for an output of 230 V
at 50 Hz. Likewise, implementation of the present invention in the
jurisdiction of El Salvador would require an output of 115 V at 60
HZ. Still further, some isolated locations may be established on
purely a DC system which may benefit from the present invention.
Indeed, the present invention is not limited to fixed (i.e.,
land-based vs. mobile-centric) implementations like solar power
generation for a housing development, but may further be
implemented to supply power to, for example, a fleet of DC power
based vehicles or vessels. It should therefore be readily apparent
that any such variation in the electrical components required to
support an implementation in any setting is possible without
straying from the intended scope of the present invention.
[0039] One inventive feature of the useful electrical output from
the PV array is that the present invention may serve as a charging
station--i.e., by providing an electrical system for charging
batteries in a public arena. Such batteries may be those found
within a cellphone or any portable electronic device, or, as in
developing countries, portable deep-cycle batteries used to replace
fossil fuel powered lighting in off-grid areas of the globe. In
order to provide a charging station that is secure, it is necessary
to provide suitable storage for the devices. A moisture resistant
electronic devices case to hold the device requiring charging and
having the ability to be locked and unlocked by code, key, etc.,
may be plugged into the side of the station via a locking plug. The
plug would have the properties of being resistant to cutting. This
plug would allow the owner of the device to retrieve it by entering
a code, key, etc. The case would open, and the plug would be
ejected, leaving the port available for the next user. This feature
is especially useful in disaster areas where electrical power may
be rendered unreliable.
[0040] Another inventive feature related to the present invention
serving as a charging station may involve a standardized portable
battery pack. The battery pack would be portable via any suitable
mechanism available in any given developing country including, but
not limited to, hand carrying with or without a wheeled base,
transport atop a motorbike or ordinary bicycle, transport atop a
pack animal, or any other suitable mode of transport. The portable
battery pack would of course be limited in electrical capacity due
to its related size. However, in most developing countries such
battery would be sufficient for simple household lighting
implementation based upon high efficiency LED devices. In this
scenario, standardized portable battery packs may be marketed as a
value-added item to be implemented in conjunction with the overall
inventive unit.
[0041] Though the present invention is directed towards a PV
system, it should also be understood that coupling the PV
electrical power generation with a backup type of power generation
may be useful and/or required in implementations where hours of
sunshine are limited. For example, a co-located fossil fuel-powered
electrical generation system could be used in conjunction with the
present invention. Indeed, an auxiliary generator in the form of a
small diesel powered electrical generator for example may be
provided and even placed within the housing of the present
invention to ensure power to operate, at a minimum, motive elements
of the present invention. Such motive elements may include a
hydraulic pump, winch motor, or any other such device as described
further herein below. The output power of the auxiliary generator
may also support exterior lighting or any other requirement
depending on the sizing of the given generator implemented. Details
of such auxiliary generator are outside the scope of the present
invention and well within the skill of one ordinarily experienced
in fossil fuel powered generators and will not be discussed in any
further detail.
[0042] It has been now noted that the three primary elements of the
present invention include the housing, the PV array, and the
electrical components to facilitate useful transfer of solar power
to any required use. As mentioned, batteries may be used and are
indeed preferable to be co-housed within the apparatus of the
invention. Battery usage therefore allows electrical storage of
unused power generated by the PV array for times of increased usage
and/or times of decreased solar activity. Again, the details of
battery technology is well known to those of ordinary skill in the
art and will not be described in any detail herein.
[0043] Having now discussed the basic elements of the present
invention so as to provide the context within which the inventive
concepts reside and are implemented, further specific details of
the present invention will now be described in terms of the
requisite structural elements provided for innovative storage and
deployment of the PV array.
[0044] The present inventive system is a fully assembled unit that
requires minimal on-site assembly in order to bring the system and
its power generation to full operation. To do so, the inventive
system includes a dual function hydraulics feature. The dual
function hydraulics serve in the first instance to raise and lower
the unit which is completely contained within the housing and in
the second instance to move the solar panel once deployed atop the
housing so as to track the sun. This unique dual function
hydraulics feature reduces the complexity of the overall inventive
system by the use of the same hydraulic components in differing
configurations and for very different functions.
[0045] The dual function hydraulics are discussed with regard to
FIGS. 2A through 2D. The dual function hydraulics feature includes
a set of four hydraulic devices which include cylinders and a
related piston. With specific regard to the figures shown, there
are two such structures visible including hydraulic cylinders 3a
and 4a which include related pistons 3b and 4b. Each hydraulic
cylinder 3a and 4a is mounted on a corresponding cylinder support 3
and 4. As previously mentioned, two other sets of cylinders,
pistons, and supports are located on the opposite side of the
apparatus though not visible. In turn, each cylinder support is
respectively affixed near one of the four corners of the housing
via a hinge. The hinge allows its given cylinder support to swing
in a door-like manner away from the external surface of the
housing. When all cylinder supports have been swung from their
stored position flush within the housing frame to their working
perpendicular position at a 90 degree angle from the external
surface of the housing, then the cylinder supports are secured in
place in the working position. The cylinder supports themselves are
a steel frame with sufficient bracing to withstand forces created
by the weight of the fully assembled unit. Additional bracings are
preferably between the housing and each of the fully opened
cylinder supports whereby such additional bracing prevents any
movement of the cylinder support about the hinge thus locking each
cylinder support into its respective perpendicular position.
Alternatively, securing the cylinder supports in place may be
accomplished via any locking mechanism including, but not limited
to, one or more locking pin(s) manually inserted through the steel
frame of the cylinder support and into the adjacent frame of the
housing.
[0046] Deployment of the inventive apparatus occurs in stages.
Initially, the flatbed truck used to transport the unit will be
parked atop the area where the unit will be deployed. Preferably, a
relatively flat area is chosen which of course should also have a
full exposure to open sky. Once parked, the truck operator would
move each cylinder support from its stored position to its working
position, then use the controller to raise the unit off of the
truck bed. Quick-connect feet in the form of a vertical tube with
attached horizontal pad is preferably slipped over the end of the
cylinder piston to provide a stable base upon which the cylinder
interfaces with the ground surface. Extension of each cylinder in a
coordinated manner will then lift the unit off the truck. It should
be noted that this coordinated actuation of the cylinders is
preferably accomplished through a computer controlled automatic
function with a self-leveling feature as this would eliminate human
error. A variety of sensors may be utilized for providing feedback
to ensure the unit maintains a proper orientation in a balanced and
level position. Once fully raised, the truck is be moved out from
under the unit. As before, the raised unit would simply be lowered
via the push-button controller until the unit was resting securely
upon the ground. Ideally, the ground would be as level as possible.
However, additional blocking or any suitable leveling mechanism may
of course be placed under the unit prior to lowering in order to
ensure a relatively level placement of the unit upon the
ground.
[0047] FIG. 2A shows the embodiment as seen in FIG. 1 wherein the
hydraulic devices (3a, 3b) and (4a, 4b) are being extracted from a
stored position. Here, the cylinder supports 3 and 4 are shown in
an open position swung to a 90 degree angle from the body of the
container structure. Locking mechanisms may be used to secure the
supports 3 and 4 in such an open position. As can be seen, the
pistons 3a and 4a are extendable in a downward position. In this
configuration, the bottom surface 10 of the array is visible inside
the container when support 3 is open.
[0048] FIG. 2B shows the embodiment as seen in FIG. 2A wherein the
pistons 3b, 4b and 6b are extended to enable removal from the given
truck bed. It should be readily apparent that a total of four
hydraulic devices are required by the present invention. Here,
hydraulic devices 3a, 4a, and 6a are shown though the remaining one
of the total of four is not visible. Removal from the truck in this
stage can be accomplished as easily as extending the pistons while
in the downward facing position as seen in FIG. 2A to effectively
raise the inventive apparatus slightly off of the truck bed thereby
enabling the truck to drive out from thereunder. The resultant
stage is therefore as shown in FIG. 2B.
[0049] FIG. 2C shows the embodiment as seen in FIG. 2B wherein the
hydraulic devices are being rotated from to enable array actuation.
This rotation thus provides movement from a position where the
pistons face downwards to a position where the pistons face
upwards. Also shown occurring in this figure is the opening of the
roof. Here, the roof 1 includes half sections 1a and 1b. Each half
section is configured segment by segment to move vertically and
then slide horizontally (movement is shown by arrows). As can be
seen in FIG. 2C, the top surface 10a of the array is visible. In
this manner, the roofing is retracting to enable array ejection and
with further reference to FIG. 2D the roof section 1a and 1b are
able to completely slide horizontally so as to allow the roofing to
be fully retracted and thereby enable array ejection. It should be
understood that the roofing sections are allowed to ride along
tracks (not shown) in any manner well known in the mechanical art
and the details of which are outside the scope of the present
invention.
[0050] With continued regard to the embodiment as seen in FIG. 2D,
the supports (3, 4) for the hydraulic devices are again locked in
their closed position within the container though the pistons (3a,
4b) are now exterior to the container and positioned in an upward
orientation to enable array actuation.
[0051] For simplicity of illustration, the details of the roofing
structure have been removed from FIGS. 3 and 4. However, it should
be understood that such roofing structure may remain for example in
the extended position seen in FIG. 2D or be retracted back into the
closed position as seen is FIG. 2B. It should be noted that this
closed roofing position is still possible even when, as seen in
FIG. 3, the array is deployed. In such instance, the roof is able
to provide an enclosed container with a workspace (e.g., for
on-site technicians) which is substantially protected from the
elements (i.e., rain, wind, blowing sand, etc.) and accessible
through a door 31.
[0052] With further regard to FIG. 3, it can be seen that control
circuitry and related electronics may be located within a secure
electrical closet 33 accessible via a corresponding door 32. Doors
31 and 32 may be secured separately such that access to one does is
not required for access to the other.
[0053] In either the downward position (see FIG. 2B) or upward
position (see FIG. 3), once each cylinder support is placed into
its working position and secured in place, the hydraulic cylinders
are activated. A hydraulic pump and batteries are provided within
the housing for purposes of cylinder operation. Alternatively, a
small generator (as previously mentioned) may be provided in lieu
of, or in addition to, batteries. A push-button controller tethered
to the hydraulic pump may be used from a safe distance to activate
each of the hydraulic cylinders in a coordinated manner. Any such
control devices may be wired via the electrical closet 33 or may
work wirelessly with one or more corresponding electrical devices
within the electrical closet 33.
[0054] By coordinated manner, it is meant that each hydraulic
cylinder may be extended from its cylinder support independently or
simultaneously with the other three hydraulic cylinders. Such
coordinated manner of operation is seen by way of FIG. 4 which is a
simplified version of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A-2D. Here,
array's top surface 10a is shown in a semi-deployed position and
the access doors are closed. This semi-deployed position shown
represents the array configuration at either just after initial
ejection from being stowed within the container or at just before
array retraction into the container, both positions being
effectively the same. In either instance, the mechanics of
actuation of the array will transfer from the pistons to a winch
and cable structure (shown and described herein below with regard
to FIG. 9).
[0055] In times when the apparatus in accordance with the present
invention is desired to be packed up and moved to a new location,
the deployment stages shown by way of FIGS. 1 through 3 may be
accomplished in reverse. In this manner, the housing is raised from
the ground upon full extension of the four hydraulic devices (i.e.,
cylinder/piston/support). However, if the ground were uneven in any
way, independent movement of any given hydraulic device would
result be managed by the operator of the push-button controller so
as to move the pistons to varied extension lengths so as to
compensate for any unevenness or irregularities of the ground
adjacent the housing. This extension of the pistons may also be
accomplished through an automatic function. This function would be
managed by an appropriate sensor and computer processor--e.g., a
gyroscopic sensor and related processing apparatus such as a
computer or ASIC--which would determine what pistons extend or
retract to maintain a stable and safe raise even on uneven
ground.
[0056] Once fully raised, the unit may be placed again atop a
standard flatbed truck (see FIGS. 1 and 2) by backing such truck
under the raised unit and reversing the hydraulic cylinder movement
via the push button controller. Thus, the unit is lowered onto the
flatbed truck and subsequently secured for transport. It should of
course be understood that the cylinders, pistons, and their
respective supports are returned to their stored positions prior to
transport. While in the stored position and as already mentioned,
the cylinders and their respective supports are flush with the
external surface of the housing. In such flush position, a covering
(not shown) is preferable to ensure protection of the hydraulics.
The covering may therefore be removable and provide a surface
contiguous with the outer surface of the housing. This prevents
environmental factors such as rain, snow, or wind-driven debris
(e.g., sand) from entering the interior of the housing and/or
detrimentally affect the cylinder, hinge, and any otherwise exposed
pivot points.
[0057] Any alternative to the roof structure shown in FIGS. 1
through 2C may be provided upon the housing so as to cover the PV
array in its stowed position. More particularly, any suitably
durable yet sunlight-permeable material may be used for the roof
structure. Preferably, the roof structure may be formed from a
material that is easily rolled up either manually or by way of a DC
powered actuator connected to a spool running the length of the
housing. The rolled material may be relatively soft and pliant or
may be more stiff and harder. In this manner, the top of the
housing from which the PV array ejects from and retracts into is
coverable via the roof structure upon rolling out of the roof
structure. The roof structure is preferably retracted when ejecting
the PV array and is returned to a suitable position to cover the
opening after the PV array is ejected and fully deployed. In this
manner, the interior of the housing is protected from the
environment (e.g., rain, wind, sand, etc.) during use of the
inventive unit.
[0058] As discussed, the roof is preferably sunlight-permeable and
thus allows sufficient solar power generation during transport and
storage to maintain the inventive system in a ready state and
preventing battery degradation during long periods of storage.
Alternative roofing such as, but not limited to, transparent,
impact-resistant fiberglass arranged in strips across the stowage
bay, is possible so long as it functions as a transparent
retractable covering. The roof structure implemented in fiberglass
arranged in strips combines structural strength with flexibility
between strips, through the use of rust-resistant, high-tensile
rods, aluminum tubing, reinforced rubber strips, track rollers, and
roller track, assembled together to form a rollable transparent
roof system. The roof structure when implemented in a soft top
arrangement would consist of a transparent plastic tarp. The tarp
would be reinforced for extra strength, and provided with riveted
eyes or other rings for securing the tarp to the housing. Also
fiberglass rods or other high strength/low density material would
be placed to form arches under the tarp. It is important that the
materials selected for this are of low density, due to the danger
of impact with the glass solar panels.
[0059] The inventive feature of a transparent roof structure to
allow for diffused light to enter the PV array storage area where
the array is stowed in an upright V-shaped formation allowing it to
receive solar radiation for power production is heretofore uniquely
advantageous. Though the power production during transport and
storage is of course a fraction of full capacity, such power
produced in this manner is more than sufficient to maintain the
on-board batteries through trickle charging electronics. Details of
trickle charging are not further discussed herein as such details
are outside the scope of the present invention and known to those
of ordinary skill in the battery art.
[0060] It should further be noted that both solar collection during
the fully deployed arrangement and solar collection during the
fully stowed (i.e., trickle charge) arrangement is enhanced in its
efficiency by providing all the outputs of the individual panels in
electrical parallel so that each of the solar panels operate
individually. In this manner, problems commonly associated with
shading are avoided. Likewise, any solar panel irradiated by sun
during their limited exposure in transit or while otherwise stowed
would contribute to battery maintenance.
[0061] Having now described the first functional arrangement of the
dual function hydraulics, the four hydraulic devices will now be
described in terms of their second functional arrangement. As was
apparent by way of the earlier discussion, the first functional
arrangement of the hydraulic devices was in a configuration whereby
they were extended in a downwards direction to lift the unit off
the ground for loading upon, and retracted for unloading, from a
flatbed truck.
[0062] In the downwardly facing position, the non-extending end
(i.e., the end without the piston) of each hydraulic cylinder
generally does not extend beyond the outside top surface of the
container. In the upwardly facing position, each extending end
(i.e., the end with the piston) is horizontally offset from the
outside top surface of the container, allowing for clearance to
attach to the array for tracking as shown in FIG. 5. It is the
second functional arrangement which relates to the hydraulic device
being placed in a configuration so as to be operable in an upwards
direction. In order to accomplish this and with regard to FIGS. 5
and 6, hydraulic piston 3a and cylinder 3b are shown in close-up
detail. In particular, FIG. 5 is a detailed close up view of the
mechanism for attachment of a hydraulic piston 3b to an underside
10 of the array while FIG. 6 is a detailed close up view of the
door-like structure 4 supporting a hydraulic cylinder 4a. It should
be readily apparent that FIGS. 5 and 6 correspond to the oppositely
swinging support structures 3 and 4, respectively, as seen for
example in FIGS. 1 through 4.
[0063] The piston 3a is mounted within its corresponding support
via an offset swivel mechanism 62. It should be understood that
each of the four supports include an offset swivel mechanism. The
offset swivel mechanism 62 is visible in FIG. 6 and is basically an
axle movably attached to the center edge of the frame of support 4.
Such axle is movable in a sliding manner into and out of the hole
in which it rests in the support frame and also movable in a
rotating manner. Because the offset swivel mechanism 62 and two
piloting mechanisms 60 and 63 are each fixedly connected to the
hydraulic device, sliding the hydraulic device laterally when the
support 4 is swung open via hinges 61, 64 will also move the offset
swivel mechanism 62 and two piloting mechanisms 60 and 63. As
shown, the two piloting mechanisms 60 and 63 are shorter than the
offset swivel mechanism 62.
[0064] Moreover, the two piloting mechanisms 60 and 63 are
interchangeable such that they may be removed and reinserted into
either of their corresponding pilot holes within the frame of the
support 4. This results in the piloting mechanisms 60 and 63 being
able to be completely removed from their holes in the frame of the
support 4 while the offset swivel mechanism 62 remains to serve as
an axle about which the cylinder 4a may rotate. Such offset swivel
mechanism 62 provides a pivot point that is offset horizontally in
terms of the cylinder 4a. The offset and rotation enables selective
movement of the cylinder 4a into and out of the exterior surface
plane of the container when rotated as shown in FIG. 2. As
therefore illustrated, each offset swivel mechanism enables its
corresponding cylinder to be rotated 180 degrees such that piston
extension (when in the array deployment stage) occurs in an upward
direction towards the sky rather than the ground (which would occur
in the loading/unloading stage). Extension of each hydraulic device
occurs until the end of each extended piston (3b, 4b, . . . etc.)
meets a linear compensation translator 52 attached to underside 10
of the array--that is to say, attached to the frame which supports
the PV array in its extended (i.e., fully deployed position).
Details of the linear compensation translator 52 and array
deployment are described in further detail herein below.
[0065] It should be understood that when the cylinders are moved
between the downwardly facing position and the upwardly facing
position they may require decoupling from the hydraulic lines (such
as those visible in FIG. 6). In such instance, a master pressure
release switch may be provided for removing pressure from all
hydraulic lines so as to allow quick-connect couplings to be easily
removed by hand. Alternatively, swivel connections may be provided
within the frame of each the hydraulic cylinder support such that
disconnection/reconnection of the hydraulic lines may be avoided
when moving each cylinder between the downwardly facing position
and the upwardly facing position.
[0066] With continued reference to the close-up FIG. 6, the upward
extension of the piston 3b enables coupling of each hydraulic
device's end to underside 10 of the fully deployed array on top of
the housing (i.e., container). By way of a universal joint
(U-joint) coupling 53 connecting each piston 3b with the linear
compensation translators 52, the pistons are then able to raise,
lower, and tilt the corner areas of the PV array so as to maintain
the PV array in position facing the sun in any direction. While
solar tracking in general is a commonly understood feature found
throughout existing PV systems, the unique configuration of dual
function hydraulics in accordance with the present invention
provides advantageous reduced complexity of the overall inventive
system and with reduced complexity comes increased reliability.
[0067] As mentioned, each linear compensation translator is coupled
to a corresponding piston. This may be accomplished by providing
the U-joint with a cap end which simply slips onto and off of the
end of each corresponding piston. Advantageously, the U-joint may
therefore be easily and quickly added or removed during the various
deployment stages. The end of the U-joint opposite the cap end may
be provided with a threaded attachment mechanism to affix the
U-joint to the central surface of the linear compensation
translator. With regard to FIG. 5, the linear compensation
translator 52 itself includes rails 51a, 51b upon which both
sliding movement and rotational movement occurs respectively in a
first linear direction and an arcuate direction and channels 50a,
50b upon which movement via rollers (not shown) occurs in a second
linear direction. The first and second directions are offset by 90
degrees. It should therefore be readily apparent, that movement in
the X, Y, Z directions is enabled by this configuration of the
linear compensation translator which includes bearings moving
within the channel and a sliding/rotating rail element. Movement is
further enhanced by the multidirectional U-joint coupling.
[0068] It should be readily apparent that the linear compensation
translators form a unique component of the present invention. Due
to the geometry of the hydraulic cylinders being fixed in place,
vertical cylinder rod movement will cause changes in the horizontal
position of the point of contact between each hydraulic cylinder
and the PV array. The linear compensation translators serve to
alleviate these changes in horizontal position by providing
countering movement in the X, Y, Z directions. As previously
mentioned, each linear compensation translator is formed as a
trolley mechanism of roller, linear, single-ball and u-joint
bearings collectively providing X, Y, Z axis movement. The trolley
mechanism is housed by the PV array frame which underlies and
supports the PV array. Within the array frame, each trolley
mechanism is moveable retained within the channel of the I-beam
structure of the array frame. Movement of the trolley mechanism may
be provided as a slide-on-rails structure or may be formed by
roller bearings. In either instance, air jets via a related DC
powered compressor and air conduits and lines may be provided to
automatically inject air into the moving parts (i.e., slides,
bearings, or the like) of the exposed trolley mechanism to
alleviate any buildup of wind driven dust or sand. Preferably, the
channel is lined with stainless steel sheet metal or any other
suitable material so as to reduce wear and tear of the relatively
softer lightweight material (e.g., aluminum or the like) from which
the array frame is fabricated. The U-joint is mounted to the
underside of the trolley mechanism by detachable means. The U-joint
is connectable to a corresponding hydraulic cylinder through a
sleeve fitting over its cylinder rod. Each U-joint may then be
locked with a pin by the operator to effectively form a detachable
connection between the PV array and the four hydraulic cylinders.
In the horizontal position, the trolley mechanism is arranged such
that the PV array will be centered by default.
[0069] The solar tracking in accordance with the present invention
is achieved by the linear position sensors placed and uses in
conjunction with the hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic cylinders
may have two modes. The first mode is a manual mode whereby, as
described previously herein above, an operator may use a tethered
push-button controller to raise and lower the hydraulic cylinders
for engagement with their respective linear compensation
translators. However, the second mode is a fully automated tracking
mode. In this latter mode, the linear position sensors transmit
electrical signals to a tracking controller that also receives
solar positional data from a solar sensor placed outside of the
housing. In this manner, the linear position sensors provide
signals to the tracking controller which in turn controls DC
hydraulic power units to raise, lower, and tilt the corners of the
PV array so as to maintain the PV array in position facing the sun
in any direction. This results in synchronized movement of the four
hydraulic cylinders. This "four post system" formed by the four
hydraulic cylinders with their respective linear compensation
translators is advantageous due to the ruggedness of its collective
support of the PV array.
[0070] As previously mentioned, batteries may be provided within
the apparatus 2 of the present invention. The location of batteries
presents a challenge in the present invention, however an
advantageous battery configuration is illustrated with regard to
FIGS. 7 and 8. In particular, FIG. 7 is a simplified cross-section
along the lengthwise direction a container showing forklift spaces
72, 73 and storage space for batteries 71a through 71j. It should
be understood that the number of batteries is variable based upon
the desired requirements and the given battery technology. However,
a common feature as is apparent from FIG. 7 is that the space used
for the battery is within the floor section of the container. Such
space is shown in FIG. 8 wherein a perspective view of only the
flooring section is provided to better illustrate the forklift
spaces 72, 73 and battery storage spaces 70a through 70f. Locating
the battery compartment in the lowest area of the container below
the floor provided a low center of gravity for the overall
apparatus. As well, placing batteries in this area renders the
interior of the container to be otherwise available for the PV
array in its stowed (V-shape) position. Each battery may therefore
be accessed from the lengthwise bottom outside edge of the
container. In operation, batteries may be configured to slide upon
rails and may mate electrically with any known plug type methods
into one or more electrical busses located in areas 74, 75, 76. The
battery storage spaces 70a through 70f may be kept sealed by one or
more removable hatches (not shown) at the base of the
container.
[0071] Another advantageous aspect of the present invention is the
retraction mechanism which serves to both eject and retract the PV
array. The retraction mechanism will now be described with regard
to FIG. 9 which provides a perspective view of the present
invention showing additional features not previously illustrated.
In FIG. 9, winch 98 and cable 95, 97 details used for ejection and
retraction of the array such as during the positioning shown in
FIG. 4. As previously mentioned, the PV panels are arranged
together on a frame to form the PV array, the underside 10 of which
is seen. The frame itself consists of I-beams from aluminum or any
other light but high strength material. The use of I-beams of
course adds to the structural integrity of the frame which is
designed to hold up to eighteen 240-watt solar panels. Though any
other number of panels in any other wattage as can be obtained is
possible, it should be understood that the preference is for the
use of standardized panels for ease of maintenance and potential
replacement. As mentioned, the array frame has a longitudinal hinge
with ends 93 and 100. Moreover, this longitudinal hinge may be
spring loaded to enhance movement during ejection and retraction.
As well, this longitudinal hinge is limited in how far it can close
on itself so as to prevent damage via over-retraction in the stowed
position.
[0072] Both ejection from the stowed position to the deployed
position and retraction from the deployed position to the stowed
position is enhanced with a system of cables 95 and 97 (preferably
stranded steel cabling or some similarly durable material) attached
to springs secured to the housing, whereby the cable runs under the
hinge and is seated against rollers 91, 92 as the hinge opens and
closes during retraction and ejection. This spring loaded cable
effectively supports a portion of the weight of the PV array and
both provides a counter resistance upon opening the array and also
prevents the two hinged frame sections from closing on each other
(thereby damaging the panels or worse). In operation, a DC powered
winch 98 is provided within the housing. The winch 98 reels the
cabling 95, 97 in or out depending upon whether, respectively,
retraction or ejection is called upon. The winch 98 may be manually
actuated by an operator via control circuitry located in the
electrical closet 33, remotely (e.g., wireless controller), via a
tethered push-button controller, or via any suitable control
mechanism. The winch 98 may also be advantageously automatically
actuated and controlled by sensed external criteria such as, but
not limited to, environmental concerns related to wind,
precipitation, blown particulates, or extended dark periods. For
example, an external sensor (not shown) may provide data such that
the automated controller retracts the PV array to a safely stowed
position during high wind situations or during times of heavy
snowfall.
[0073] As discussed, there are two hinged frame sections which form
the array frame upon which the solar panels reside. Retraction and
ejection of the two hinged frame sections is aided by way of the
spring loaded cabling running under the hinge. It should be noted
that while two such cables are shown in FIG. 9, any number of
spring loaded cables may be provided based upon the materials used
for the PV array (i.e., frame and panels) and the resultant weight
of the PV array. In this manner, the PV array is effectively
maintained as V-shaped whether in the intermediate stage (i.e.,
between deployed stages) as can be seen in FIG. 4, or in the fully
stowed position, or maintained flat when in the fully deployed
position but just prior to U-joint attachment to the not yet
engaged pistons. The manner in which the PV array is retracted also
provides for face-up (i.e., skyward) positioning within in the
stowage bay of the housing during transport and storage. This
stowed placement in combination with the V-shaped formation
provides advantageous opportunity for all panels to have potential
to receive sunlight. When combined with suitable electrical
components known in the art of trickle charging, the present
invention therefore provides for adequate levels of charging
operation to maintain the on-board batteries even when not fully
deployed. This both increases battery life and facilitates usage of
the charged on-board batteries for deployment of the array.
[0074] As further shown in FIG. 9, the retraction and ejection of
the two hinged frame sections is further enhanced by way of guide
posts 93, 100 integrated into the ends of the central hinge. The
guide posts ride channels (only one visible as 94) when the array
is retracted or ejected. The channels are wider at the top opening
thereof to enable the guide posts during retraction to slip into
the channel and thereby ride the channel downward. The channels are
preferably provided from the top of the housing to the floor of the
housing. Accordingly, piloted movement is assured to securely stow
the array as well as accurately eject the array during
deployment.
[0075] It should be understood that controllers as discussed herein
for operation of the various elements of the present invention may
be in the form of any suitable computing device including, but not
limited to, an on-board central processing unit (CPU), separate
application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or may even
provide for remote control (via satellite or any wireless
technology) from a CPU located any distance from the invention.
[0076] The above-described embodiments of the present invention are
intended to be examples only. Alterations, modifications and
variations may be effected to the particular embodiments by those
of skill in the art without departing from the scope of the
invention, which is defined solely by the claims appended
hereto.
* * * * *