U.S. patent application number 14/101525 was filed with the patent office on 2015-06-11 for system and method for textually and graphically presenting air traffic control voice information.
The applicant listed for this patent is HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.. Invention is credited to Jitender Kumar Agarwal, Robert E. De Mers, Satyanarayan Kar, Kiran Gopala Krishna.
Application Number | 20150162001 14/101525 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51893919 |
Filed Date | 2015-06-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150162001 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kar; Satyanarayan ; et
al. |
June 11, 2015 |
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TEXTUALLY AND GRAPHICALLY PRESENTING AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL VOICE INFORMATION
Abstract
A system and method are described that converts ATC voice
instructions into text, and identifies intent wording and data from
the text. The intent wording and data are preferably displayed in
different formats, and may be included on a map of the aircraft
route. Furthermore, a read back of the instructions by the pilot to
ATC may be analyzed and compared with the ATC command. If the
comparison is faulty, the formats of the intent wording and/or data
may be modified further to alert the pilot of the discrepancy.
Inventors: |
Kar; Satyanarayan;
(Bangalore, IN) ; Krishna; Kiran Gopala;
(Bangalore, IN) ; De Mers; Robert E.; (Nowthen,
MN) ; Agarwal; Jitender Kumar; (Muzaffarnagar,
IN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. |
Morristown |
NJ |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
51893919 |
Appl. No.: |
14/101525 |
Filed: |
December 10, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
704/235 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10L 17/22 20130101;
B64D 43/00 20130101; G10L 15/26 20130101; G08G 5/0013 20130101;
G08G 5/0021 20130101 |
International
Class: |
G10L 15/26 20060101
G10L015/26; B64D 43/00 20060101 B64D043/00; G10L 17/22 20060101
G10L017/22 |
Claims
1. A method for presenting received voice information to a pilot of
an aircraft flying a route, comprising: converting the voice
information to a first text; identifying a first portion of the
first text as pertaining to at least one action to be performed;
identifying a second portion of the first text as pertaining to
data relating to the at least one action; determining a first
format for the first portion of the first text; determining a
second format for the second portion of the first text; and
displaying the first text including the first and second
formats.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising: determining when the
first text is to be displayed based on the action, data, and a
position of the aircraft on the route.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising: displaying the first
and second portions on a chart including a route of the
aircraft.
4. The method of claim 3 further comprising: determining when the
first text is to be displayed based on the action, data, and a
position of the aircraft on the route.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first portion comprises a
plurality of actions, and the second portion comprises a plurality
of data, each of the actions associated with one of the data, the
method further comprising: determining a plurality of phases of
flight of the aircraft's planned route; and displaying each of the
actions and its associated data at a pertinent phase of flight.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising: converting a voice
reply by the pilot to a second text; comparing the second text with
the first text; and modifying the format of the second text in
response to the comparison of the second text with the first
text.
7. A method for presenting received voice information to a pilot of
an aircraft flying a route, comprising: converting the voice
information to first text; assigning a first format for a first
portion of the first text pertaining to an action to be performed;
assigning a second format for a second portion of the first text
pertaining to data relating to the action; displaying the first
text including the first and second formats.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising: determining when the
first text is to be displayed based on the action, data, and a
position of the aircraft on the route.
9. The method of claim 7 further comprising: displaying the first
text on a chart including a route of the aircraft.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising: determining when the
first text is to be displayed based on the action, data, and a
position of the aircraft on the route.
11. The method of claim 7 wherein the first portion comprises a
plurality of actions, and a second portion comprises a plurality of
data, each of the actions associated with one of the data, the
method further comprising: determining a plurality of phases of
flight of the aircraft's planned route; and displaying each of the
actions and its associated data at a pertinent phase of flight.
12. The method of claim 7 further comprising: converting a voice
reply by the pilot to a second text; comparing the second text with
the first text; and modifying the format of the second text in
response to the comparison of the second text with the first
text.
13. A system for presenting received voice information to a pilot
of an aircraft flying a route, comprising: a converter configured
to convert the voice information to first text; a processor
configured to: identify a first portion of the first text as words
instructing an action to be performed; identify a second portion of
the first text as words of data relating to the first portion;
determine a first format for the first portion of the first text;
determine a second format for the second portion of the first text;
determine if the first text is to be displayed immediately; if not
to be displayed immediately, determine when the first text is to be
displayed based on the action, data, and a position of the aircraft
on the route; and a display configured to: display the first text
including the first portion in the first format and the second
portion in the second format.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein the processor is further
configured to: determine when the first text is to be displayed
based on the action, data, and a position of the aircraft on the
route.
15. The system of claim 13 wherein the processor is further
configured to: display the first text on a chart including a route
of the aircraft.
16. The system of claim 15 wherein the processor is further
configured to: determine when the first text is to be displayed
based on the action, data, and a position of the aircraft on the
route.
17. The method of claim 13 wherein the first portion comprises a
plurality of actions, and a second portion comprises a plurality of
data, each of the actions associated with one of the data, wherein
the processor is further configured to is: determine a plurality of
phases of flight of the aircraft's planned route; and display each
of the actions and its associated data at a pertinent phase of
flight.
18. The system of claim 13 wherein the processor is further
configured to: convert a voice reply by the pilot to a second text;
compare the second text with the first text; and modify the format
of the second text in response to the comparison of the second text
with the first text.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The exemplary embodiments described herein generally relate
to compliance with air traffic control (ATC) instructions and more
particularly to the accurate receipt and display of ATC
instructions.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The most common cause of incidents in aviation is often
associated with human errors, or mistakes. A considerable portion
of those incidents can be ascribed to a pilot's involvement in an
assortment of simultaneous high workload tasks. With the growth in
aviation traffic, one may estimate that these incidents will
increase.
[0003] Pilots often miss the longer ATC messages or pick up the
wrong data, for example, a required altitude or heading, for the
messages. Also it is stressful for pilot to memorize the complete
message and comply with it. Two types of errors have been
identified when pilots are required to capture important elements
of an audible ATC clearance that is transmitted only once without
the opportunity to read back or ask for clarification. These errors
include:
[0004] Errors of Omission: Omitted information, for example, an
airway is transmitted in the clearance but is not copied down by
the pilot; and
[0005] Errors of Commission: For example, the abbreviation VOR, for
VHF omnidirectional radio range, was written down but the name of
the VOR was not.
[0006] Electronic instrumentation displays continue to advance in
sophistication, achieving increasingly higher levels of information
density and, consequently, presenting a greater amount of visual
information to be perceived and understood by the operator, e.g.,
the pilot. It is important that visual displays provide a proper
cognitive mapping between what the operator is trying to achieve
and the information available to accomplish the task.
[0007] Data driven charts (DDC) have a powerful ability to
integrate chart information with aircraft position and flight
management system (FMS) procedural routing. This is a very crisp
and concise way of presenting information. However, integration of
accurate ATC instructions with DDC, and other information displays
such as moving maps and electronic charts, is lacking.
[0008] Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a system and method
for reducing or preventing errors in receiving, recording, and
interpreting instructions such as ATC clearances. Furthermore,
other desirable features and characteristics of the exemplary
embodiments will become apparent from the subsequent detailed
description and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings and the foregoing technical field and
background.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0009] A system and method are described that advocates usage of a
speech interface that can recognize ATC commands/messages and
present the information to the pilot in a way which increases the
likelihood the pilot understands and executes the ATC command as
given.
[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, a method for presenting received
voice information to a pilot of an aircraft flying a route,
comprises converting the voice information to a first text;
identifying a first portion of the first text as pertaining to at
least one action to be performed; identifying a second portion of
the first text as pertaining to data relating to the at least one
action; determining a first format for the first portion of the
first text; determining a second format for the second portion of
the first text; and displaying the first text including the first
and second formats.
[0011] In another exemplary embodiment, a method for presenting
received voice information to a pilot of an aircraft flying a
route, comprises converting the voice information to first text;
assigning a first format for a first portion of the first text
pertaining to an action to be performed; assigning a second format
for a second portion of the first text pertaining to data relating
to the action; displaying the first text including the first and
second formats.
[0012] In yet another exemplary embodiment, a system for presenting
received voice information to a pilot of an aircraft flying a
route, comprises a converter configured to convert the voice
information to first text; a processor configured to identify a
first portion of the first text as words instructing an action to
be performed; identify a second portion of the first text as words
of data relating to the first portion; determine a first format for
the first portion of the first text; determine a second format for
the second portion of the first text; determine if the first text
is to be displayed immediately; if not to be displayed immediately,
determine when the first text is to be displayed based on the
action, data, and a position of the aircraft on the route; and a
display configured to display the first text including the first
portion in the first format and the second portion in the second
format.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] The present invention will hereinafter be described in
conjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like
numerals denote like elements, and
[0014] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system suitable for use in an
aircraft in accordance with the exemplary embodiments described
herein;
[0015] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method suitable for
use with the system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the exemplary
embodiments;
[0016] FIG. 3 is a first example of an ATC clearance processed by
the exemplary embodiments described herein;
[0017] FIGS. 4-8 illustrate a second example of an ATC clearance
processed by the exemplary embodiments described herein;
[0018] FIG. 9 is a third example of an ATC clearance processed by
the exemplary embodiments described herein; and
[0019] FIGS. 10-12 illustrate a fourth example of an ATC clearance
processed by the exemplary embodiments described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The following detailed description is merely illustrative in
nature and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the subject
matter or the application and uses of such embodiments. Any
implementation described herein as exemplary is not necessarily to
be construed as preferred or advantageous over other
implementations. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by
any expressed or implied theory presented in the preceding
technical field, background, brief summary, or the following
detailed description.
[0021] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various
illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps
described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may
be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or
combinations of both. Some of the embodiments and implementations
are described above in terms of functional and/or logical block
components (or modules) and various processing steps. However, it
should be appreciated that such block components (or modules) may
be realized by any number of hardware, software, and/or firmware
components configured to perform the specified functions. To
clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and
software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules,
circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of
their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as
hardware or software depends upon the particular application and
design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans
may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each
particular application, but such implementation decisions should
not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the
present invention. For example, an embodiment of a system or a
component may employ various integrated circuit components, e.g.,
memory elements, digital signal processing elements, logic
elements, look-up tables, or the like, which may carry out a
variety of functions under the control of one or more
microprocessors or other control devices. In addition, those
skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments described
herein are merely exemplary implementations.
[0022] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and
circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed
herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose
processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application
specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array
(FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or
transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination
thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A
general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the
alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor,
controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also
be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a
combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of
microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a
DSP core, or any other such configuration. The word "exemplary" is
used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, instance,
or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is
not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over
other embodiments. Any of the above devices are exemplary,
non-limiting examples of a computer readable storage medium.
[0023] The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection
with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in
hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a
combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory,
flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers,
hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage
medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to
the processor such the processor can read information from, and
write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the
storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and
the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a
user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage
medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal. Any of
the above devices are exemplary, non-limiting examples of a
computer readable storage medium
[0024] In this document, relational terms such as first and second,
and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action
from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or
implying any actual such relationship or order between such
entities or actions. Numerical ordinals such as "first," "second,"
"third," etc. simply denote different singles of a plurality and do
not imply any order or sequence unless specifically defined by the
claim language. The sequence of the text in any of the claims does
not imply that process steps must be performed in a temporal or
logical order according to such sequence unless it is specifically
defined by the language of the claim. The process steps may be
interchanged in any order without departing from the scope of the
invention as long as such an interchange does not contradict the
claim language and is not logically nonsensical.
[0025] For the sake of brevity, conventional techniques related to
graphics and image processing, navigation, flight planning,
aircraft controls, aircraft data communication systems, and other
functional aspects of certain systems and subsystems (and the
individual operating components thereof) may not be described in
detail herein. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in the
various figures contained herein are intended to represent
exemplary functional relationships and/or physical couplings
between the various elements. It should be noted that many
alternative or additional functional relationships or physical
connections may be present in an embodiment of the subject
matter.
[0026] The following description refers to elements or nodes or
features being "coupled" together. As used herein, unless expressly
stated otherwise, "coupled" means that one element/node/feature is
directly or indirectly joined to (or directly or indirectly
communicates with) another element/node/feature, and not
necessarily mechanically. Thus, although the drawings may depict
one exemplary arrangement of elements, additional intervening
elements, devices, features, or components may be present in an
embodiment of the depicted subject matter. In addition, certain
terminology may also be used in the following description for the
purpose of reference only, and thus are not intended to be
limiting.
[0027] While the exemplary embodiments described herein refer to
displaying the information on aircraft, the invention may also be
applied to other vehicle display systems such as displays used by
off-site controllers, e.g., ground controllers.
[0028] The mapping methods described herein may be used with a
variety of aircraft, such as planes and helicopters, and maritime
craft. The aviation environment is described herein as the
exemplary embodiment and may include navigation from point to point
or approach and landing at an airport. Generally a lateral view
display is presented in conjunction with the vertical view
presented herein. Various types of maps may be used for display on
the lateral view, for example, road maps, terrain maps, aviation
maps, and topographical maps.
[0029] Some applications may require more than one monitor, for
example, a head down display screen, to accomplish the mission.
These monitors may include a two dimensional moving map display and
a three dimensional perspective display. A moving map display may
include a top-down view of the aircraft, the flight plan, and the
surrounding environment. Various symbols are utilized to denote
navigational cues, for example, waypoint symbols, line segments
interconnecting the waypoint symbols, and range rings, and nearby
environmental features, for example, terrain, weather conditions,
and political boundaries.
[0030] Alternate embodiments of the present invention to those
described below may utilize whatever navigation system signals are
available, for example a ground based navigational system, a GPS
navigation aid, a flight management system, and an inertial
navigation system, to dynamically calibrate and determine a precise
course.
[0031] In accordance with the exemplary embodiments, a system and
method are described that advocates usage of a speech interface
that can recognize the ATC commands/messages and present the
information to the pilot in a way which increases the likelihood
the pilot understands and executes the ATC command as given. The
ATC command is converted into text, which is analyzed wherein
intent wording (a first portion) and data (a second portion) are
identified. The intent wording and data are displayed in a textual
format, preferably in different recognizable formats, and may be
included on a map of the aircraft route. Furthermore, a read back
of the instructions by the pilot to ATC may be analyzed and
compared with the ATC command. If the comparison is faulty, the
formats of the intent wording and/or data may be modified further
to alert the pilot of the discrepancy.
[0032] Referring to FIG. 1, a block diagram of the ATC contextual
smart briefer 100 comprises a radio 102, a speech recognizer 104,
an intent processor 106, an aircraft state determiner 108, an ATC
intent/data rules database 110, a contextual rule database 112, and
a display device 114. Several of the above blocks illustrated in
FIG. 1 may comprise the same physical device, or processor, and the
ATC intent/data rules database 110 and the contextual rule database
112 may comprise one database.
[0033] It should be understood that FIG. 1 is a simplified
representation of a display system 100 for purposes of explanation
and ease of description, and FIG. 1 is not intended to limit the
application or scope of the subject matter in any way. In practice,
the display system 100 and/or aircraft 108 will include numerous
other devices and components for providing additional functions and
features, as will be appreciated in the art.
[0034] The radio 102 may comprise any type of known radio or as
developed in the future and may operate at any frequency. The radio
is configured to receive ATC instructions, and in at least one
exemplary embodiment may also transmit pilot transmissions back to
ATC. The ATC instructions are provided by the radio as voice to the
speech recognizer 104, which converts the voice to text. The text
from the speech recognizer 104 is provided to the intent processor
106 which accesses the aircraft state 108, the ATC intent/data
rules database 110, and the contextual rule database 112, to
extract the intent text (words directing an action to be taken) and
data which is preferably formatted differently for display on the
display 114.
[0035] A single processor may be used to perform the functions of
the speech recognizer 104, the intent processor 106, and the
aircraft state 108, and may be implemented or realized with a
general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital
signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a
field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic
device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware
components, or any combination designed to perform the functions
described herein. A processor device may be realized as a
microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, or a state
machine. Moreover, a processor device may be implemented as a
combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a digital
signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of
microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a
digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.
[0036] The display 114 is configured to provide images to the
operator. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the display
114 may be implemented using any one of numerous known displays
suitable for rendering textual, graphic, and/or iconic information
in a format viewable by the operator. Non-limiting examples of such
displays include various cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, and
various flat panel displays such as various types of LCD (liquid
crystal display) and TFT (thin film transistor) displays. The
display 114 may additionally be implemented as a panel mounted
display, a HUD (head-up display) projection, or any one of numerous
known technologies. It is additionally noted that the display 114
may be configured as any one of numerous types of aircraft flight
deck displays. For example, it may be configured as a
multi-function display, a horizontal situation indicator, or a
vertical situation indicator. In the depicted embodiment, however,
the display 114 is configured as a primary flight display
(PFD).
[0037] In operation, the aircraft state 108 is also configured to
process the current flight status data for the host aircraft. In
this regard, the sources of flight status data generate, measure,
and/or provide different types of data related to the operational
status of the host aircraft, the environment in which the host
aircraft is operating, flight parameters, and the like. In
practice, the sources of flight status data may be realized using
line replaceable units (LRUs), transducers, accelerometers,
instruments, sensors, and other well known devices. The data
provided by the sources of flight status data may include, without
limitation: airspeed data; groundspeed data; altitude data;
attitude data, including pitch data and roll data; yaw data;
geographic position data, such as GPS data; time/date information;
heading information; weather information; flight path data; track
data; radar altitude data; geometric altitude data; wind speed
data; wind direction data; etc. The display 114 is suitably
designed to process data obtained from the sources of flight status
data in the manner described in more detail herein.
[0038] During the course of this description, like numbers may be
used to identify like elements according to the different figures
that illustrate the various exemplary embodiments.
[0039] FIG. 2 is a flow chart that illustrates an exemplary
embodiment of a method 200 suitable for use with the system 100.
Method 200 represents one implementation of a method for converting
voice to text, analyzing, and displaying ATC instructions on an
onboard display of an aircraft. The various tasks performed in
connection with method 200 may be performed by software, hardware,
firmware, or any combination thereof. For illustrative purposes,
the following description of method 200 may refer to elements
mentioned above in connection with FIG. 1. In practice, portions of
method 200 may be performed by different elements of the described
system, e.g., a processor and a display. It should be appreciated
that method 200 may include any number of additional or alternative
tasks, the tasks shown in FIG. 2 need not be performed in the
illustrated order, and method 200 may be incorporated into a more
comprehensive procedure or method having additional functionality
not described in detail herein. Moreover, one or more of the tasks
shown in FIG. 2 could be omitted from an embodiment of the method
200 as long as the intended overall functionality remains
intact.
[0040] In accordance with the exemplary method 200 of FIG. 2, an
ATC voice (command/instruction) 202 received on the radio 102 is
converted 204 by the speech recognizer 104 from voice 202 to text
206. The intent words (words requiring action) and data 210 are
then extracted 206 by the intent processor 106 from the text 206 in
accordance with intent/data analyzer rules 212 acquired from the
intent/data rules database 214. The intent/data rules 212 describe
the method to translate the text to semantic rules which allows for
distinguishing the intent words and their associated data. A format
is then assigned 216 to each of the intent words and data 210 in
accordance with intent/data highlighter rules 218 acquired from the
intent/data rules database 110. The formatted intent words and data
220 are then displayed 222 on the display 114. The format for each
of the intent words and data are not to be limited, but may assume
for example, highlighted text, colors, various levels of
brightness, and special type font.
[0041] FIG. 3 illustrates one example of how ATC instructions are
processed. When a voice message 202 comprising: [0042] "Example
airline 101 is cleared to San Francisco via the FMG6 departure, FGM
transition, then as filed. Climb and maintain 12,000 feet, expect
FL310 in 10 minutes, departure frequency 118.60, squawk 5510." is
received, the intent (command) words and the data are determined.
This example of FIG. 3 provides three different formats, where the
intent words are in a first format (underlined in this example),
data is in a second format (bold type), while remaining words
optionally may be in a third format (normal type).
[0043] Yet another exemplary embodiment (FIG. 9) comprises a reply
from the pilot to ATC confirming the instructions. The reply is
formatted similarly to the instructions from ATC; however, any
misstatement/inaccuracy in the reply from the pilot that is
different (does not compare) from the ATC message is highlighted in
a yet different format, for example amber, or in this case included
within a hatched box, that alerts the pilot to the
misstatement/inaccuracy.
[0044] Referring again to FIG. 2 and in accordance with another
exemplary embodiment, the intent words and data 210 when selected
232 are then processed 234 for message content in consideration of
a detected 236 aircraft phase of flight 240 by the aircraft state
108 and in accordance with context trigger rules 238 acquired from
the context rules database 112. Contextual formatted text 242 is
then displayed 244 on the display 114.
[0045] Since memorizing multiple sub tasks in a long ATC command is
a difficult task, the sub tasks in the instructions as heard from
the ATC may be queued and the specific messages which are yet to be
executed may be displayed at the time of the event.
[0046] FIG. 4-7 illustrate this contextual example of FIG. 2
wherein portions of the same voice message are displayed at
appropriate times as determined in the process message context step
234. The first portion of the message in FIG. 4 may be displayed
prior to takeoff, while the second portion in FIG. 5 may be
displayed immediately after takeoff. The third portion in FIG. 6
may be displayed when reaching a defined altitude, and the fourth
portion in FIG. 7 may be displayed when reaching a point in the
departure route (See FIG. 8). These stated locations of the
aircraft for triggering the display of the four portions shown in
FIGS. 4-8 are examples. Portions of a message could be displayed
any one of various points in the sortie.
[0047] In yet another exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 10-12, the ATC
instructions may be displayed on a chart showing the route the
aircraft is to fly. The message comprises, for example: [0048]
Example airline 101 is cleared to San Francisco via the LUVVE2
departure, LUVVE transition, then as filed. Climb and maintain
12,000 ft, expect FL310 in 10 minutes, departure frequency 113.90,
squawk 5510
[0049] The chart of FIG. 10 would be displayed, for example, prior
to takeoff. A first portion 1002 (Example airline 101 is cleared to
San Francisco via the LUVVE2 departure, LUVVE transition, then as
filed) of the ATC instructions would be displayed, preferably in a
format different from the rest of the chart. Then, when the flight
phase is determined 236 to be, for example, approaching the
Woodside navigation fix, the chart is displayed as shown in FIG. 11
including a second portion 1102 of the ATC instructions (departure
frequency 113.90, squawk 5510) in the different format. A third
portion 1202 (climb and maintain 12,000 ft) shown in FIG. 12 of the
instructions may be displayed, for example, when departing the
Woodside navigational fix.
[0050] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have
been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However,
the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s)
that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or
become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical,
required, or essential feature or element of any or all the claims.
As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other
variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion,
such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a
list of elements does not include only those elements but may
include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such
process, method, article, or apparatus.
[0051] While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented
in the foregoing detailed description, it should be appreciated
that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be
appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments
are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope,
applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way.
Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those
skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an
exemplary embodiment of the invention, it being understood that
various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of
elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing
from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended
claims.
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