U.S. patent application number 14/100156 was filed with the patent office on 2015-06-11 for viscoelastic cleansing gel.
This patent application is currently assigned to L'OREAL. The applicant listed for this patent is L'OREAL. Invention is credited to Kirolos RIZK, Miao WANG.
Application Number | 20150157540 14/100156 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 52101319 |
Filed Date | 2015-06-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150157540 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
RIZK; Kirolos ; et
al. |
June 11, 2015 |
VISCOELASTIC CLEANSING GEL
Abstract
The present invention is directed to a cleansing composition
comprising: (a) at least one nonionic surfactant; (b) at least one
amphoteric surfactant; (c) at least one component selected from (i)
a nonionic thickener or (ii)(1) a cationic agent combined with
(ii)(2) an anionic surfactant, or a mixture of nonionic thickener
plus cationic agent and/or anionic surfactant; and (d) water.
Inventors: |
RIZK; Kirolos; (Helmetta,
NJ) ; WANG; Miao; (Westfield, NJ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
L'OREAL |
Paris |
|
FR |
|
|
Assignee: |
; L'OREAL
Paris
FR
|
Family ID: |
52101319 |
Appl. No.: |
14/100156 |
Filed: |
December 9, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
510/122 ;
510/119; 510/123 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/466 20130101;
A61K 8/817 20130101; A61Q 5/02 20130101; A61K 8/44 20130101; A61K
8/602 20130101; A61K 8/86 20130101; A61K 8/042 20130101; A61K
2800/596 20130101; A61K 8/39 20130101; A61Q 19/10 20130101; A61Q
5/12 20130101; A61K 8/442 20130101; A61K 8/416 20130101; A61K 8/463
20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/04 20060101
A61K008/04; A61Q 5/12 20060101 A61Q005/12; A61Q 5/02 20060101
A61Q005/02 |
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. An aqueous cleansing composition comprising: (a) from about 6%
to about 20% of at least one nonionic surfactant; (b) from about 3%
to about 10% of at least one amphoteric surfactant selected from
the group consisting of betaines, sultaines, amphoacetates,
amphoproprionates, and mixtures thereof; (c) (1) from about 0.01%
to about 5% of at least one cationic agent selected from the group
consisting of cationic polymers, cationic surfactants, cationic
amines, cationic amino silicones, cationic silanes, and mixtures
thereof; combined with (2) from about 2% to about 8% of an anionic
surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates,
alkyl ether sulfates, acyl isethionates, acyl glycianates, acyl
taurates, acyl amino acids, acyl sarcosinates, sulfosuccinates,
sulfonates, alkyl polyglucoside sulfonates and alkyl polyglucoside
carboxylates, wherein the alkyl and acyl groups of all these
compounds comprise from 6 to 24 carbon atoms; and (d) from about
40% to about 88% water; wherein the amount of the nonionic
surfactant (a) present in the final composition is greater than the
amount of amphoteric surfactant (b), wherein the composition has a
cross over frequency of from about 0.1 rad/s to about 30 rad/s,
wherein the percent amounts being based on the weight percent of
each component in the final composition, and wherein the pH of the
composition is from 4.5 to 8.
3. An aqueous cleansing composition according to claim 2
comprising: (a) from about 6% to about 20% of at least one nonionic
surfactant; (b) from about 3% to about 10% of at least one
amphoteric surfactant; (c) from about 0.1% to about 10% of at least
one nonionic thickener; and (d) from about 40% to about 88%
water.
4. An aqueous cleansing composition according to claim 3
comprising: (c) (1) from about 0.01% to about 5% of at least one
cationic agent and (2) from about 2% to about 8% of at least one
anionic surfactant.
5. (canceled)
6. (canceled)
7. The composition of claim 4 wherein the ratio of (the sum of the
amount of nonionic surfactant (a)+amount of amphoteric surfactant
(b)) to the amount of anionic surfactant (c)(2) is greater than
2:1.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the ratio is at least 4:1,
based on the weight percent of each component in the final
composition.
9. The composition of claim 2 wherein the sum of the amount of
cationic agent ((c)(ii)(1)) plus anionic surfactant (c)(ii)(2) is
from about 0.01 to about 13, based on the weight percent of each
component in the final composition.
10. (canceled)
11. The composition of claim 2 wherein the nonionic surfactant (a)
is an alkyl polyglucoside.
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein the alkyl polyglucoside
nonionic surfactant (a) is selected from the group consisting of
lauryl glucoside, octyl glucoside, decyl glucoside, coco glucoside,
and mixtures thereof.
13. (canceled)
14. The composition of claim 2, wherein the amphoteric surfactant
(b) is a betaine selected from the group consisting of a coco
betaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine, laurylhydroxy
sulfobetaine, lauryldimethyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl
hydroxysultaine, behenyl betaine, capryl/capramidopropyl betaine,
lauryl hydroxysultaine, stearyl betaine, and mixtures thereof.
15. The composition of claim 2, wherein the amphoteric surfactant
(b) is sodium cocamphoprionate.
16. (canceled)
17. (canceled)
18. (canceled)
19. The composition of claim 2, wherein the cationic agent (c)(1)
is selected from the group consisting of polyquaternium-10
("PQ-10"), guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride; diallyldimethyl
ammonium chloride, polyquaternium-4 (PQ-4), polyquaternium-5
(PQ-5), polyquaternium-6 (PQ-6), polyquaternium-7 (PQ-7),
polyquaternium-22 (PQ-22), polyquaternium-37 (PQ-37),
polyquaternium-39 (PQ-39), polyquaternium47 (PQ-47),
polyquaternium-53 (PQ-53), hydroxypropyltrimonium, hydrolyzed wheat
protein and mixtures thereof.
20. The composition of claim 2, wherein the cationic agent (c)(1)
is selected from the group consisting of distearyldimethylammonium
chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, behenyltrimethylammonium
chloride, behentrimonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride
oleocetyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyldimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride,
propanetallowdiammonium dichloride, behentrimonium methosulfate,
and mixtures thereof.
21. The composition of claim 2, wherein the cationic agent (c)(1)
is selected from the group consisting of stearyl dimethyl amine,
stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, brassicamidopropyl dimethylamine,
and mixtures thereof.
22. The composition of claim 2, wherein the cationic agent (c)(1)
is selected from the group consisting of aminodimethicone,
trimethylsilylaminodimethicone, and mixtures thereof.
23. The composition of claim 2, wherein the cationic agent (c)(1)
is selected from the group consisting of
3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and
mixtures thereof.
24. The composition of claim 2, wherein the cationic agent (c)(1)
is selected from the group consisting of PQ-6, PQ-22 and
cetyltrimethylammonium chloride.
25. (canceled)
26. The composition of claim 2, wherein the anionic surfactant
(c)(2) is selected from the group consisting of sodium laureth
sulfate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl methyl
isethionate, sodium cocoyl glycinate, sodium cocoyl taurate, sodium
methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium cocoyl glycinate, potassium cocoyl
glycinate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl alaninate,
sodium cocoyl alanine, the salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.
27. The composition of claim 26 wherein the anionic surfactant
(c)(2) is selected from the group consisting of sodium cocoyl
glycinate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium cocoyl taurate, and
mixtures thereof.
28. A method of cleansing and conditioning hair comprising
contacting the hair with an aqueous cleansing composition according
to claim 2.
29. An aqueous cleansing composition comprising: (a) from about 6%
to about 20% of at least one alkyl polyglucosides; (b) from about
3% to about 10% of at least one amphoteric surfactant selected from
the group consisting of a betaine, a sultaine, an amphoacetate, an
amphoproprionate, and mixtures thereof; (c) (1) from about 0.01% to
about 5% of at least one cationic agent selected from the group
consisting of distearyldimethylammonium chloride,
cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, behenyltrimethylammonium chloride,
behentrimonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride
oleocetyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyldimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride,
propanetallowdiammonium dichloride, behentrimonium methosulfate,
and mixtures thereof combined with (2) from about 2% to about 8% of
an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of sodium
laureth sulfate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl methyl
isethionate, sodium cocoyl glycinate, sodium cocoyl taurate, sodium
methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium cocoyl glycinate, potassium cocoyl
glycinate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl alaninate,
sodium cocoyl alanine, the salts thereof, and mixtures thereof; and
(d) from about 40% to about 88% water; wherein the amount of the
nonionic surfactant (a) present in the final composition is greater
than the amount of amphoteric surfactant (b), wherein the
composition has a cross over frequency of from about 0.1 rad/s to
about 30 rad/s, wherein the percent amounts being based on the
weight percent of each component in the final composition, and
wherein the pH of the composition is from 4.5 to 8.
30. The aqueous cleansing composition according to claim 29,
wherein the composition is clear.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a viscoelastic cleansing
gel composition having a structured phase that may be modified to
yield increased or decreased elastic solid behaviors. More
particularly, the invention relates to a cleansing composition
having a cross over frequency ranging between about 0.1 to about 30
rad/s.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Conventional cleansing compositions such as shampoos, for
example, contain standard surfactants such as anionic, nonionic
and/or amphoteric type surfactants in amounts such that the
resulting composition display either liquid or solid rheological
behaviors, but not both. Typically such compositions exhibit
Newtonian or viscoelastic behavior. Those compositions that exhibit
viscoelastic behavior are mostly dominated by liquid behavior
within the frequency range 0.1 to 50 rad/s. Solid behavior only
becomes dominant at frequencies higher than 50 rad/s and therefore
it is not noticeable macroscopically (e.g. by a consumer) under
typical usage conditions (e.g. squeezed through the bottle or
rubbing between hands).
[0003] Conventional shampoos that exhibit gel-like, elastic
behaviors typically use structuring agents (also known as
thickeners or rheology modifiers) such as saccharides, gums, guars,
cellulose derivatives and high molecular weight thickening
polymers. See, for example, US Pub. 2004/0097385, U.S. Pat. No.
6,770,607, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,502. These materials are known
to thicken compositions by building an associative network with
other ingredients in the composition (mainly anionic surfactants)
resulting in the elastic/solid-like behavior discussed in the
foregoing publications. In contrast, the inventive compositions
herein disclosed yield cleansing gels that exhibit solid like
behavior without the use of rheology modifiers and/or thickeners.
It is advantages to avoid such rheology modifiers and thickeners as
these materials are known to impact negatively usage qualities of
cleansing compositions, such as for example, resulting in slower
flash foam, lower overall foam level, lower potential for delivery
of actives or conditioning agents, poor distribution during
application and slower "break" of the compositions.
[0004] The compositions of the invention display liquid behaviors
when slowly deformed (e.g. flow freely when the holding container
is tilted) and solid, gel-like behaviors when quickly deformed
(e.g. touched, sheared or squeezed through and orifice or nozzle).
Furthermore these cleansing compositions have Newtonian behavior
(that is, nearly ideal liquid behavior) within the range of
frequencies where the liquid behavior is dominant and near ideal
elastic behavior within the frequency range where the solid
behavior is dominant. The compositions of the invention are thus
useful in multiple applications of cleaning compositions.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present invention relates to an aqueous cleansing
composition comprising: [0006] (a) from about 6% to about 20% of at
least one nonionic surfactant; [0007] (b) from about 3% to about
10% of at least one amphoteric surfactant; [0008] (c) at least one
material selected from [0009] (i) from about 0.1% to about 10% of
at least one nonionic thickener; and [0010] (ii) (1) from about
0.01% to about 5% of at least one cationic agent combined with
[0011] (2) from about 2% to about 8% of an anionic surfactant; and
[0012] (d) from about 40% to about 88% water; [0013] wherein the
amount of the nonionic surfactant a) present in the final
composition is greater than the amphoteric surfactant b), and
wherein the composition has a crossover frequency of from about 0.1
to about 30 rad/s, the percent amounts being based on the weight
percent of each component in the final composition.
[0014] The composition may include additional ingredients
consistent with its intended use.
[0015] The present invention is also directed to a process for
cleansing a keratinous substrate, such as hair and skin, involving
contacting the keratinous substrate with the above-disclosed
cleansing compositions.
[0016] These compositions of invention are unusual in that they
flow when the container holding them is tilted but exhibit gel-like
behavior when touched, sheared or squeezed through an orifice or
nozzle.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0017] The present compositions result from the finding that an
association of a specific amount and ratio of surfactants/agents
yields compositions having a structured phase that can be made to
behave either as a solid or liquid phase, or in some cases
behaviors of both. The compositions are in the form of a structured
phase that can be pushed toward the liquid or solid dominant
behavior by adjusting the selection or percentage of the key
components of the compositions (namely the nonionic thickener
((c)(i)), and/or cationic agent ((c)(ii)(1)), and/or anionic
surfactant ((c)(ii)(2)), and mixtures thereof) such as to shift the
relaxation time or cross over frequency of the compositions. The
resulting structured phase compositions of the invention can be in
the form of a rubbery type of gel (also referred to as "snotty"
gel), a ringing-vibrating gel, or a harder "crushed ice" gel.
Shrinking the domain of the elastic solid phase can reverse the gel
texture to a classical liquid-like behavior with a lower degree of
or no structured behavior. While many gels display thixotropy (that
is, they become fluid when agitated but re-solidify when resting),
the compositions of the invention behave somewhat contrary in that
they flow evenly and easily when poured from a container but become
more solid-like (more gelatinous) when agitated.
[0018] Also, unlike currently available compositions that use a
gelling agent or high molecular weight thickening polymer to obtain
the "jiggling" effect, the instant compositions do not need such
high molecular weight polymers, gums, starches or guars, or the
association of these materials with anionic surfactants, to obtain
this same effect.
[0019] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general
description and the following detailed description are exemplary
and explanatory only, and are not restrictive of the invention.
[0020] All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless
otherwise indicated. All percentages are calculated based on the
total composition unless otherwise indicated.
[0021] As used herein, all ranges provided are meant to include
every specific range within, and combination of sub ranges between,
the give ranges. Thus, a range from 1 to 5, includes specifically
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, as well as 2-5, 3-5, 2-3, 2-4, 1-4, etc.
"About" as used herein means within 10% of the indicated number
(e.g. "about 10%" means 9%-11% and "about 2%" means 1.8%-2.2%). "At
least one" as used herein means one or more and thus includes
individual components as well as mixtures/combinations.
[0022] "Clear" as used herein means that the composition is
visually clear. More specifically, clarity of a formulation is
measured by the transmittance percentage of light with a wavelength
of 700 nm by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. "Clear" samples allow
for between 90% and 100% of the light to pass through the
formula.
[0023] "Cross over frequency" is the frequency at which a
composition goes from a liquid dominant behavior to a solid
dominant behavior. At the cross over frequency G''/G'=1.
[0024] "Delta" is the phase shift between the sinusoidal stress and
strain response functions of a material. Delta is always between
0-90.
[0025] "Dominating behavior" is used to refer to which modulus
dominates the material's response upon exposure to deformation
force. If G'>G'', the material response is mostly solid like
(greater portion of energy is recovered than lost). If G''>G',
the material response is mostly liquid or viscous (greater portion
of energy is dissipated to induce flow).
[0026] "Frequency" is the rate at which deformation is applied
during oscillatory testing.
[0027] G' is known as the elastic storage modulus. It is a measure
of the solid behavior of a composition. It characterizes the
elastic contribution to the stress response of the material. It is
a measurement of energy stored within the material during
deformation and recovered after the removal of the force
applied.
[0028] G'' is known as the viscous loss modulus. It is a measure of
the liquid behavior of a composition. It characterizes the viscous
contribution to the stress response of the material studied. It is
a measurement of energy lost or dissipated during deformation. This
energy was transformed into a different form such as energy
required to set the material in motion and induce flow.
[0029] "Gel" and "gel-like" are terms of art. The IUPAC definition
is a nonfluid colloidal network or polymer network that is expanded
throughout its whole volume by a fluid. Typically, a gel is
understood to be a semi-rigid jelly-like colloid in which a liquid
is dispersed in a solid.
[0030] "Ideal elastic behavior" means that a composition undergoes
elastic (reversible) strain when an anisotropic force is applied
externally. The energy applied during the strain is stored within
the composition and spontaneously triggers a full recovery when the
original force is removed.
[0031] "Ideal viscous behavior" means a composition undergoes an
irreversible strain upon the application of an external force. The
energy applied during the strain is transformed and dissipated into
a different form such as flowing.
[0032] "Keratinous substrates", as used herein, include but are not
limited to, skin, hair, lips, eyelashes and nails. A Preferred
keratinous substrate is hair.
[0033] "Oscillatory testing" is a measurement used to measure the
response of materials to applied stress. A force is applied at a
certain rate (frequency) and then removed to measure the response
of the material being tested.
[0034] "Relaxation time" is a function that can be used to
interrelate different viscoelastic response functions. This is
calculated as the inverse of the oscillatory frequency.
[0035] "Structured phase" is a liquid ordered phase or network
which interlocks or entangles to form a solid-like matrix that
exhibits solid-like behavior.
[0036] "Tan delta" is the tangent of the phase angle (delta)
between the sinusoidal stress and strain response functions of a
material. Tan delta ranges between 0-1. Tan delta between 0.5-1
means dominant liquid-like behavior. Tan delta between 0-0.5 means
dominant solid-like behavior.
[0037] "Viscoelastic" means that a composition contains both a
viscous (liquid) behavior as well as an elastic (solid) behavior.
Ideal elastic or viscous behavior is rare. Most materials exhibit
both types of behavior depending on the conditions of the forces
applied and therefore most materials are classified as
viscoelastic.
[0038] In an embodiment, the invention relates to a cleansing
composition comprising: [0039] (a) at least one nonionic
surfactant; [0040] (b) at least one amphoteric surfactant; [0041]
(c) at least one material selected from [0042] (i) at least one
nonionic thickener; and [0043] (ii) (1) at least one cationic agent
combined with [0044] (2) at least one anionic surfactant; and
[0045] (d) water; [0046] wherein the amount of the nonionic
surfactant a) present in the final composition is greater than the
amphoteric surfactant b), and wherein the composition has a cross
over frequency of from about 0.1 to about 30 rad/s, the percent
amounts being based on the weight percent of each component in the
final composition.
[0047] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a
viscoelastic cleansing composition comprising: [0048] (a) from
about 6% to about 20% of at least one nonionic surfactant; [0049]
(b) from about 3% to about 10% of at least one amphoteric
surfactant; [0050] (c) at least one material selected from [0051]
(i) from about 0.1% to about 10% of at least one nonionic
thickener; and [0052] (ii) (1) from about 0.01% to about 5% of at
least one cationic agent combined with [0053] (2) from about 2% to
about 8% of an anionic surfactant; and [0054] (d) from about 40% to
about 88% water. [0055] wherein the amount of the nonionic
surfactant (a) present in the final composition is greater than the
amphoteric surfactant (b), and wherein the composition has a cross
over frequency of from about 0.1 rad/s to about 30 rad/s, the
percent amounts being based on the weight percent of each component
in the final composition.
[0056] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a
viscoelastic cleansing composition comprising: [0057] (a) from
about 6% to about 20% of at least one nonionic surfactant; [0058]
(b) from about 3% to about 10% of at least one amphoteric
surfactant; [0059] (c) (i) from about 0.1% to about 10% of at least
one nonionic thickener; and [0060] (d) from about 40% to about 88%
water. [0061] wherein the amount of the nonionic surfactant (a)
present in the final composition is greater than the amphoteric
surfactant (b), and wherein the composition has a cross over
frequency of from about 0.1 rad/s to about 30 rad/s, the percent
amounts being based on the weight percent of each component in the
final composition.
[0062] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a
viscoelastic cleansing composition comprising: [0063] (a) from
about 6% to about 20% of at least one nonionic surfactant; [0064]
(b) from about 3% to about 10% of at least one amphoteric
surfactant; [0065] (c) (ii)(1) from about 0.01% to about 5% of at
least one cationic agent; [0066] (ii)(2) from about 2% to about 8%
of at least one anionic surfactant; and [0067] (d) from about 40%
to about 88% water; [0068] wherein the amount of the nonionic
surfactant (a) present in the final composition is greater than the
amphoteric surfactant (b), and wherein the composition has a cross
over frequency of from about 0.1 rad/s to about 30 rad/s, the
percent amounts being based on the weight percent of each component
in the final composition.
[0069] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a
viscoelastic cleansing composition comprising: [0070] (a) from
about 6% to about 20% of at least one nonionic surfactant; [0071]
(b) from about 3% to about 10% of at least one amphoteric
surfactant; [0072] (c) (i) from about 0.1% to about 10% of at least
one nonionic thickener; [0073] (c) (ii)(1) from about 0.01% to
about 5% of at least one cationic agent; and [0074] (d) from about
40% to about 88% water; [0075] wherein the amount of the nonionic
surfactant (a) present in the final composition is greater than the
amphoteric surfactant (b), and wherein the composition has a cross
over frequency of from about 0.1 rad/s to about 30 rad/s, the
percent amounts being based on the weight percent of each component
in the final composition.
[0076] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a
viscoelastic cleansing composition comprising: [0077] (a) from
about 6% to about 20% of at least one nonionic surfactant; [0078]
(b) from about 3% to about 10% of at least one amphoteric
surfactant; [0079] (c) (i) from about 0.1% to about 10% of at least
one nonionic thickener; [0080] (ii)(2) from about 2% to about 8% of
at least one anionic surfactant; and [0081] (d) from about 40% to
about 88% water; [0082] wherein the amount of the nonionic
surfactant (a) present in the final composition is greater than the
amphoteric surfactant (b), and wherein the composition has a cross
over frequency of from about 0.1 rad/s to about 30 rad/s, the
percent amounts being based on the weight percent of each component
in the final composition.
[0083] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a
viscoelastic cleansing composition comprising: [0084] (a) from
about 6% to about 20% of at least one nonionic surfactant; [0085]
(b) from about 3% to about 10% of at least one amphoteric
surfactant; [0086] (c) (i) from about 0.1% to about 10% of at least
one nonionic thickener; [0087] (ii)(1) from about 0.01% to about 5%
of at least one cationic agent; and [0088] (ii)(2) from about 2% to
about 8% of at least one anionic surfactant; and [0089] (d) from
about 40% to about 88% water; [0090] wherein the amount of the
nonionic surfactant (a) present in the final composition is greater
than the amphoteric surfactant (b), and wherein the composition has
a cross over frequency of from about 0.1 rad/s to about 30 rad/s,
the percent amounts being based on the weight percent of each
component in the final composition.
[0091] In another embodiment of the invention the ratio of the
amount of (the sum of nonionic surfactant+amphoteric surfactant) to
the amount of anionic surfactant is greater than 2:1. This can also
be expressed as [(a)+(b)]:(c)(ii)(2)>2:1. Typically this ratio
is greater than 3:1, more typically between about 3.5:1 to about
4.5:1, and particularly this ratio is at least 4:1, all based on
the weight percent of each component in the final composition.
[0092] In another embodiment of the invention the sum of the amount
of cationic agent (c)(ii)(1) plus anionic surfactant (c)(ii)(2) is
from about 0.01 to about 13. This sum can also be expressed as
(c)(ii)(1)+(c)(ii)(2)=from about 0.01 to about 13. Typically this
sum is from about 0.5 to about 7.5, based on the weight percent of
each component in the final composition.
[0093] In another embodiment of the invention the sum of nonionic
thickener (c)(i) plus cationic agent (c)(ii)(1) plus anionic
surfactant (c)(ii)(2) is from about 0.01 to about 23. This sum can
also be expressed as (c)(i)+(c)(ii)(1)+(c)(ii)(2)=from about 0.01
to about 23. Typically this sum is from about 0.5 to about 13,
based on the weight percent of each component in the final
composition.
[0094] In another embodiment the composition has a cross over
frequency of from about 2 rad/s to about 25 rad/s, more typically
from about 3.2 rad/s to about 22 rad/s.
[0095] In another embodiment, at frequencies below the cross over
frequency, the inventive compositions have G''>G'. The inventive
compositions thus have dominating liquid behaviors at rest.
Analogously, at frequencies above the cross over frequency, the
compositions have G'>G''.
Nonionic Surfactants (Component (a))
[0096] Non-ionic surfactants, while they are known for good
cleaning properties, are not preferred in commercial shampoos in
part as they are typically too harsh and drying on keratinous
substrates (e.g. hair). However, the ratio of this surfactant to
and its association with the amphoteric surfactant of the invention
enables the use of non-ionic surfactants in the current cleansing
formulation and still yield a conditioning effect.
[0097] The at least one nonionic surfactant useful in the cosmetic
compositions disclosed herein is selected from: alkyl
polyglucosides; ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol,
polyglyceryl esters and their ethoxylated derivatives (herein
jointly referred to as "glycol ethers"); as well as amine oxides;
and mixtures the foregoing.
[0098] Alkyl polyglucosides that may be used in the compositions of
the invention include compounds of formula (I)
R.sup.1--O--(R.sup.2O)n-Z(x) (I) [0099] wherein [0100] R.sup.1 is
an alkyl group having 8-18 carbon atoms; [0101] R.sup.2 is an
ethylene or propylene group; [0102] Z is a saccharide group with 5
to 6 carbon atoms; [0103] n is an integer from 0 to 10; and [0104]
x is an integer from 1 to 5.
[0105] Such alkyl polyglucoside compounds include lauryl glucoside,
octyl glucoside, decyl glucoside, coco glucoside, sucrose laurate,
caprylyl/capryl glucoside, and sodium lauryl glucose carboxylate,
and mixtures thereof. Typically, the at least one alkyl poly
glucoside compound is selected from the group consisting of lauryl
glucoside, decyl glucoside and coco glucoside, and more typically
lauryl glucoside.
[0106] Non-limiting examples of glycol esters useful in the
compositions of the invention include those described in M. R.
Porter et al., Handbook of Surfactants, Ch. 7, .sctn.7.12, pp.
231-235 (2.sup.nd Ed. 1994), which is herein incorporated by
reference. Preferred glycol esters have HLB values between about 9
and about 18. Particular glycol esters useful in the compositions
of the invention include PEG-8 glyceryl laurate, polysorbate-40,
polyglyceryl-5 laurate, and mixtures thereof.
[0107] Amine oxides useful in the compositions of the invention
include compounds of formulas (IIA) and (IIB)
R--N(CH3).sub.2-O (IIA), and
R--CO--NH(CH2).sub.n-N(CH3).sub.2-O (IIB) [0108] wherein [0109] R
is an alkyl group having 8-18 carbon atoms; and [0110] n is an
integer from 1 to 3.
[0111] A non-limiting example of a particular amine oxide is laurel
amino oxide.
[0112] In the present compositions, the at least one nonionic
surfactant is used in an amount of from about 6% to about 20%,
typically from about 7% to about 10%, and more typically from about
7.1% to about 8%, including all ranges and sub ranges therebetween,
by weight based on the total weight of the composition as a
whole.
Amphoteric Surfactant (Component (b))
[0113] The at least one amphoteric surfactant useful in the
cosmetic compositions disclosed herein is chosen from betaines,
sultaines, amphoacetates, amphoproprionates, and mixtures thereof.
More typically, betaines and amphoproprionates are used, and most
typically betaines. Non-limiting examples of betaines useful in the
compositions of the invention include those having the following
structures XX A-B below
##STR00001## [0114] wherein [0115] R10 is an alkyl group having
8-18 carbon atoms; and [0116] n is an integer selected from
1-3.
[0117] Particularly useful betaines which can be used in the
current compositions include, for example, coco betaine,
cocoamidopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine, laurylhydroxy
sulfobetaine, lauryldimethyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl
hydroxysultaine, behenyl betaine, capryl/capramidopropyl betaine,
lauryl hydroxysultaine, stearyl betaine, and mixtures thereof.
Typically, the at least one betaine compound is selected from the
group consisting of coco betaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine, behenyl
betaine, capryl/capramidopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine, and
mixtures thereof, and more typically cocoamidopropyl betaine.
[0118] Hydroxyl sultaines useful in the compositions of the
invention include the following
##STR00002## [0119] wherein [0120] R is an alkyl group having 8-18
carbon atoms. [0121] Useful alkylamphoacetates include those having
the formula (XXIV)
[0121] ##STR00003## [0122] wherein [0123] R is an alkyl group
having 8-18 carbon atoms. [0124] Useful alkyl amphodiacetates
include those having the formula (XXV)
[0124] ##STR00004## [0125] wherein [0126] R is an alkyl group
having 8-18 carbon atoms.
[0127] Useful amphoproprionates include sodium
cocoamphopropionate.
[0128] In an embodiment, the at least one amphoteric surfactant (b)
is selected from the group consisting of coco betaine,
cocoamidopropyl betaine, sodium behenyl betaine,
capryl/capramidopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine, sodium
cocamphopropionate and mixtures thereof, and more typically
cocoamidopropyl betaine, cocobetaine and sodium cocamphopropionate,
and mixtures thereof.
[0129] In the present compositions, the at least one amphoteric
surfactant (b) is used in an amount of from about 3% to about 10%
by weight, typically from about 4% to about 8% by weight, and more
typically from about 5% to about 6% by weight, including all ranges
and sub ranges therebetween, based on the total weight of the
composition as a whole.
Nonionic Thickener (Component (c)(i))
[0130] Non-limiting examples of nonionic thickeners that may be
used in the compositions of the invention include low molecular
weight compounds of formula (III)
R--COOCH.sub.2CH.sub.3CH(OCH.sub.2).sub.nOH (III) [0131] wherein
[0132] R is C.sub.8-C.sub.22 alkylene [0133] n is from 1 to
1000.
[0134] Non-limiting examples of compounds of formula (III) include
those in the table below:
TABLE-US-00001 USA INCI name Commercial reference Supplier
PROPYLENE GLYCOL ANTIL 141 LIQUID EVONIK (and) PEG-55 GOLDSCHMIDT
PROPYLENE GLYCOL OLEATE PEG-7 GLYCERYL GLYCEROX HE CRODA COCOATE
peg/ppg-8/3 laurate HYDRAMOL PGPL LUBRIZOL ESTER PEG-10 OLEATE
EMALEX OE-10 NIHON EMULSION PEG-30 GLYCERYL REWODERM LI 63 EVONIK
COCOATE GOLDSCHMIDT PEG-32 STEARATE STEARATE 1540 GATTEFOSSE PEG-12
LAURATE EMANON 1112 KAO PEG-8 ISOSTEARATE CITHROL 4MIS-LQ- CRODA
(GD) PEG-55 STEARATE NIKKOL MYS-55V NIKKO CHEMICALS
[0135] In addition, the PEG mono- and di-esters of the compounds of
formula (III) are also useful in the invention. These compounds
have the following structures:
##STR00005## [0136] wherein R and n are as defined above.
[0137] Non-limiting examples of these compounds include the
compounds in the table below.
TABLE-US-00002 USA INCI name Commercial reference Supplier PEG-7
GLYCERYL GLYCEROX HE CRODA COCOATE peg/ppg-8/3 laurate HYDRAMOL
PGPL LUBRIZOL ESTER PEG-10 OLEATE EMALEX OE-10 NIHON EMULSION PEG-8
DISTEARATE DISTEARATE STEARINERIE DE PEG 400 DUBOIS (DUB DS PEG 8)
PEG-150 DISTEARATE LIPO PEG. 6000 DS LIPO CHEMICALS PEG-4 LIPONATE
2DH LIPO CHEMICALS DIHEPTANOATE PEG-20 METHYL GLUCAM E 20 AMERCHOL
(DOW GLUCOSE DISTEARATE CHEMICAL) DISTEARATE PEG/PPG-8/3 HYDRAMOL
PGPD NOVEON EUROPE DIISOSTEARATE BVBA PEG-30 GLYCERYL REWODERM LI
63 EVONIK COCOATE GOLDSCHMIDT PEG-32 STEARATE STEARATE 1540
GATTEFOSSE PEG-12 LAURATE EMANON 1112 KAO PEG-8 ISOSTEARATE CITHROL
4MIS-LQ- CRODA (GD) PEG-55 STEARATE NIKKOL MYS-55V NIKKO
CHEMICALS
[0138] The nonionic thickener can alternatively have formula (IV)
as follows
H(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.nOH (IV) [0139] wherein n is from 1 to
1000.
[0140] Non-limiting examples of these compounds are provided in the
table below.
TABLE-US-00003 USA INCI name Trade Name Supplier PEG-32 PLURACARE E
1500 BASF PEG-8 PLURACARE E 400 BASF PEG-20 CARBOWAX SENTRY DOW
CHEMICAL POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 1000 NF, FCC GRADE PEG-180 POLYGLYKOL
8000 S CLARIANT CARBOWAX SENTRY DOW CHEMICAL POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL
8000 NF FCC FLAKE K-PEG 180 KAO
[0141] When referencing the thickener, "low molecular weight"
herein means that the repeating unit "n" in the above formulas is
equal to or less than 1000. In preferred embodiments, n in each of
the above formulas is less than 500, preferably less than 200.
[0142] In a particular embodiment, the nonionic thickener is
selected from PEG-55 propylene glycol oleate, propylene glycol
(and) PEG-55 propylene glycol oleate, PEG-8 and mixtures
thereof.
[0143] The at least one nonionic thickener (c)(i) is present in a
total amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight,
typically from about 0.25% to about 8%, more typically from about
0.3% to about 5% by weight, including all ranges and sub ranges
therebetween, based on the total weight of the composition as a
whole.
Cationic Agent (Component (c)(ii)(1))
[0144] The at least one cationic agent used in the compositions
disclosed herein is chosen, for example, from cationic polymers,
including homopolymers and copolymers, cationic surfactants,
cationic amines, cationic amino silicones and cationic silanes. All
of these agents are preferably also conditioning cationic agents.
These agents are not known in the art as being rheology modifiers
or structure building/gelling agents.
[0145] Non-limiting examples of polymers that can be used in the
current compositions include: cationic cellulose derivatives, such
as for example polyquaternium-10 ("PQ-10"); cationic gum
derivatives such as for example gum derivatives, including
particularly guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride; polymer
derivatives of diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride ("poly-DADMAs")
and of methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride
("poly-MAPTACs"), such as for example, polyquaternium-4 (PQ-4),
polyquaternium-5 (PQ-5), polyquaternium-6 (PQ-6), polyquaternium-7
(PQ-7), polyquaternium-22 (PQ-22), polyquaternium-37 (PQ-37),
polyquaternium-39 (PQ-39), polyquaternium47 (PQ-47) and
polyquaternium-53 (PQ-53), particularly DADMAC-based polymers,
specifically PQ-6 and PQ-22; and cationic proteins, such as, for
example, hydroxypropyltrimonium hydrolyzed wheat protein.
[0146] By "DADMAC-based polymers" applicants' mean polymers
including the following chemical group.
##STR00006##
[0147] In a particular embodiment, the cationic polymer is selected
from PQ-6, PQ-22, and mixtures thereof.
Cationic Surfactant and Cationic Amines
[0148] The cationic surfactant useful in the cosmetic compositions
disclosed herein optionally is selected from mono and di-alkyl
quaternary ammonium or diammonium salts.
[0149] By way of example only, quaternary ammonium or diammonium
salts described in US2005071933, incorporated by reference herein,
may be chosen, such as, for example, those of the general formula
(VA):
##STR00007##
[0150] wherein, in formula (VA): [0151] R.sup.1 and R.sup.4, may
independently be chosen from saturated or unsaturated, linear or
branched, aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals comprising from 1 to about
30 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy, alkoxycarbonylalkyl,
polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido, alkylamidoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl,
aromatic, aryl or alkylaryl radical comprising from about 12 to
about 30 carbon atoms, with at least one radical among R.sup.1,
R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 denoting a radical comprising from 8
to 30 carbon atoms; and [0152] X.sup.- is an anion chosen from the
group comprising halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates and alkyl
sulfates;
[0153] and/or general formula (VB):
##STR00008##
[0154] wherein, in formula (VB): [0155] R.sup.6 denotes an
aliphatic radical comprising from about 16 to 30 carbon atoms,
[0156] R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are
independently chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl radical comprising
from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and [0157] X.sup.- is an anion chosen
from the group comprising halides, acetates, phosphates and
sulfates
[0158] Quaternary ammonium and diammonium salts include, for
example, distearyldimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium
chloride ("CATC"), behenyltrimethylammonium chloride,
behentrimonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride
oleocetyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyldimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride,
di(C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkyl) (C.sub.12-C.sub.22
alkyl)hydroxy(C.sub.1-C.sub.2alkyl)ammonium salt, such as
dialkyldimethylammonium or alkyltrimethylammonium salt in which the
alkyl radical preferably comprises 12 to 24 carbon atoms,
propanetallowdiammonium dichloride, behentrimonium methosulfate,
and mixtures thereof.
[0159] Non-limiting examples of particular quaternary ammonium
salts that can be used in the current compositions include in
particular cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, behentrimonium
chloride, cetrimonium chloride, behentrimonium methosulfate, and
mixtures thereof.
[0160] Non-limiting examples of cationic amines that can be used in
the current compositions include dimethylamine derivatives, such as
for example stearyl dimethyl amine, stearamidopropyl dimethylamine,
brassicamidopropyl dimethylamine, and mixtures thereof.
[0161] In an embodiment the cationic agent is selected from
stearamidipropyl dimethylamine, cetrimonium chloride,
behentrimonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
Amino Silicones and Silanes
[0162] The term "amino silicone" means any polyaminosiloxane, i.e.
any polysiloxane comprising at least one primary, secondary or
tertiary amine function or a quaternary ammonium group. Preferably,
the amino silicone(s) used in the cosmetic composition according to
the present invention are selected from (A)-(D) as described
below.
[0163] Amino silicones are described, for example, in
US2011/0155163 and US2011/155164, both of which are herein
incorporated by reference.
[0164] Compounds corresponding to formula (VI)
(R.sup.1).sub.a(T).sub.3-a-Si[OSi(T).sub.2].sub.n-[OSi(T).sub.b(R.sup.1)-
.sub.2-b].sub.m--OSi(T).sub.3-a-(R.sup.1).sub.a (VI) [0165] wherein
[0166] T is a hydrogen atom or a phenyl, hydroxyl (--OH) or
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl radical, and preferably methyl, or a
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, preferably methoxy, [0167] a denotes the
number 0 or an integer from 1 to 3, and preferably 0, [0168] b
denotes 0 or 1, and in particular 1, [0169] m and n are numbers
such that the sum (n+m) can range especially from 1 to 2000 and in
particular from 50 to 150, it being possible for n to denote a
number from 0 to 1999 and in particular from 49 to 149, and for m
to denote a number from 1 to 2000 and in particular from 1 to
10;
[0170] R.sup.1 is a monovalent radical of formula
--C.sub.qH.sub.2qL in which q is a number from 2 to 8 and L is an
optionally quaternized amino group selected from the following
groups: [0171] --N(R.sup.2)--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--N(R.sup.2).sub.2;
[0172] --N(R.sup.2).sub.2; --N.sup.+(R.sup.2).sub.3Q.sup.-; [0173]
--N.sup.+(R.sup.2)(H).sub.2Q.sup.-; [0174]
--N.sup.+(R.sup.2).sub.2HQ.sup.-; [0175]
--N(R.sup.2)--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--N.sup.+(R.sup.2)(H).sub.2Q.sup.-.
[0176] in which R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom, a phenyl, a benzyl
or a saturated monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical, for example a
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl radical, and Q.sup.- represents a halide
ion, for instance fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide.
[0177] In particular, the amino silicones corresponding to the
definition of formula (VI) are selected from the compounds
corresponding to formula (VIA) below:
##STR00009##
in which R, R' and R'', which may be identical or different, denote
a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl radical, preferably CH.sub.3; a
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy radical, preferably methoxy; or OH; A
represents a linear or branched, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 and preferably
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 alkylene radical; m and n are integers dependent on
the molecular weight and whose sum is between 1 and 2000.
[0178] According to a first possibility, R, R', R'', which may be
identical or different, represent a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl or
hydroxyl radical, A represents a C.sub.3 alkylene radical and m and
n are such that the weight-average molecular weight of the compound
is between 5000 and 500 000 approximately. Compounds of this type
are referred to in the CTFA dictionary as "aminodimethicones".
[0179] According to a second possibility, R, R' and R'', which may
be identical or different, represent a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy or
hydroxyl radical, at least one of the radicals R or R'' is an
alkoxy radical and A represents a C.sub.3 alkylene radical. The
hydroxy/alkoxy molar ratio is preferably between 0.2/1 and 0.4/1
and advantageously equal to 0.3/1. Moreover, m and n are such that
the weight-average molecular weight of the compound is between 2000
and 10.sup.6. More particularly, n is between 0 and 999 and m is
between 1 and 1000, the sum of n and m being between 1 and
1000.
[0180] In this category of compounds, mention may be made, inter
alia, of the product BELSIL.RTM. ADM 652 sold by Wacker.
[0181] According to a third possibility, R and R'', which are
different, represent a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy or hydroxyl radical,
at least one of the radicals R or R'' is an alkoxy radical, R'
represents a methyl radical and A represents a C.sub.3 alkylene
radical. The hydroxy/alkoxy molar ratio is preferably between 1/0.8
and 1/1.1 and advantageously equal to 1/0.95. Moreover, m and n are
such that the weight-average molecular weight of the compound is
between 2000 and 200 000. More particularly, n is between 0 and 999
and m is between 1 and 1000, the sum of n and m being between 1 and
1000.
[0182] More particularly, mention may be made of the product FLUID
WR.RTM. 1300 sold by Wacker.
[0183] According to a fourth possibility, R and R'' represent a
hydroxyl radical, R' represents a methyl radical and A is a
C.sub.4-C.sub.8 and preferably C.sub.4 alkylene radical. Moreover,
m and n are such that the weight-average molecular weight of the
compound is between 2000 and 10.sup.6. More particularly, n is
between 0 and 1999 and m is between 1 and 2000, the sum of n and m
being between 1 and 2000.
[0184] A product of this type is especially sold under the name DC
28299 by Dow Corning.
[0185] The molecular weight of these silicones is determined by gel
permeation chromatography (ambient temperature, polystyrene
standard; .mu. styragem columns; eluent THF; flow rate 1 mm/m; 200
.mu.l of a solution containing 0.5% by weight of silicone in THF
are injected, and detection is performed using a refractometer and
a UV meter).
[0186] A particular product of formula (VIA) is the polymer known
in the CTFA dictionary (7th edition, 1997) as
"trimethylsilylamodimethicone", corresponding to formula (VIB)
##STR00010## [0187] in which n and m have the meanings given above
in accordance with formula (VI) or (VIA) above.
[0188] Such compounds are described, for example, in EP 0 095 238,
which is herein incorporated by reference. A compound of formula
(VIB) is sold, for example, under the name Q2-8220 by the company
OSI.
[0189] (B) The second type of amino silicone compounds correspond
to formula (VII)
##STR00011## [0190] in which: [0191] R.sup.3 represents a
C.sub.1-C.sub.18 monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical, and in
particular a C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl or C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkenyl
radical, for example methyl; [0192] R.sup.4 represents a divalent
hydrocarbon-based radical, especially a C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkylene
radical or a divalent C.sub.1-C.sub.18, and for example
C.sub.1-C.sub.8, alkylenoxy radical; [0193] Q.sup.- is a halide
ion, in particular chloride; [0194] r represents a mean statistical
value from 2 to 20 and in particular from 2 to 8; [0195] s
represents a mean statistical value from 20 to 200 and in
particular from 20 to 50.
[0196] Such compounds are described more particularly in U.S. Pat.
No. 4,185,087, which is herein incorporated by reference.
[0197] A compound falling within this class is the product sold by
the company Union Carbide under the name Ucar Silicone ALE 56.
[0198] (C) Quaternary ammonium silicones of formula (VIII) are
another type of silicone useful in the invention:
##STR00012## [0199] in which: [0200] R.sub.7, which may be
identical or different, represent a monovalent hydrocarbon-based
radical containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and in particular a
C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl radical, a C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkenyl radical
or a ring comprising 5 or 6 carbon atoms, for example methyl;
[0201] R.sub.6 represents a divalent hydrocarbon-based radical,
especially a C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkylene radical or a divalent
C.sub.1-C.sub.18, and for example C.sub.1-C.sub.8, alkylenoxy
radical linked to the Si via an SiC bond; [0202] R.sub.8, which may
be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a monovalent
hydrocarbon-based radical containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and
in particular a C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl radical, a C.sub.2-C.sub.18
alkenyl radical or a radical --R.sub.6--NHCOR.sub.7; [0203] X.sup.-
is an anion such as a halide ion, especially chloride, or an
organic acid salt (acetate, etc.); and r represents a mean
statistical value from 2 to 200 and in particular from 5 to
100.
[0204] These silicones are described, for example, in patent
application EP-A 0 530 974, which is herein incorporated by
reference.
[0205] An example of the compound of formula (VIII) is the product
referenced in the CTFA dictionary (1997 edition) as Quaternium 80.
Such a product is marketed by the company Evonik Goldschmidt under
the names ABIL QUAT 3272 or 3474.
[0206] (D) Formula (IX) below provides another example of amino
silicones useful in the invention:
##STR00013##
in which:
[0207] R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be
identical or different, denote a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl radical or a
phenyl group,
[0208] R.sub.5 denotes a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl radical or a
hydroxyl group,
[0209] n is an integer ranging from 1 to 5,
[0210] m is an integer ranging from 1 to 5,
and in which x is selected such that the amine number is between
0.01 and 1 meq/g.
[0211] Amino silicone(s) that are particularly useful in the
invention include polysiloxanes containing amine groups, such as
the compounds of formula (VIA) or of formula (VI), and even more
particularly the silicones containing quaternary ammonium groups of
formula (VIII).
[0212] Non-limiting examples of particularly useful silicones
include aminodimethicones, such as the products available from the
company Wacker under the name FLUID.RTM. (for example FLUID.RTM. WR
1300) and BELSIL.RTM. (for example BELSIL.RTM. ADM652). Also useful
is trimethylsilylaminodimethicone (such as Q@-8220 available from
OSI).
Silane Compounds
[0213] Exemplary silanes that may be used according to various
embodiments of the disclosure include, but are not limited to,
organosilanes and derivatives thereof, such as alkylsilanes,
allylsilanes, and alkoxysilanes.
[0214] In various exemplary embodiments, the at least one silane
compound may be chosen from alkoxysilanes comprising at least one
solubilizing functional group, such as for example, methoxysilanes,
triethoxysilanes, aminopropyltriethoxysilane,
methyltriethoxysilane, and derivatives thereof and mixtures
thereof.
[0215] As used herein, the term "at least one solubilizing
functional group" means any functional chemical group facilitating
the bringing into solution of the alkoxysilane in the solvent or in
a combination of solvents of the composition, for example, in
solvents chosen from water, water-alcoholic mixtures, organic
solvents, polar solvents and non-polar solvents. Suitable
solubilizing functional groups include, but are not limited to,
primary, secondary, and tertiary amine, aromatic amine, alcohol,
carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, anhydride, carbamate, urea,
guanidine, aldehyde, ester, amide, epoxy, pyrrole,
dihydroimidazole, gluconamide, pyridyle, and polyether groups.
[0216] In an embodiment the at least one alkoxysilane comprising at
least one solubilizing functional group may comprise two or three
alkoxy functions. In another embodiment, the alkoxy functional
groups are chosen from methoxy and ethoxy functional groups.
[0217] According to a further embodiment, the at least one
alkoxysilane comprising at least one solubilizing functional group
present in the composition of the present disclosure is chosen from
compounds of formula (X):
##STR00014## [0218] wherein, [0219] R.sub.4 is chosen from halogen
atoms, OR' groups, and R.sub.11 groups; [0220] R.sub.5 is chosen
from halogen atoms, OR'' groups, and R.sub.12 groups; [0221]
R.sub.6 is chosen from halogen atoms, OR''' groups, and R.sub.13
groups; [0222] R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R', R'', R''', R.sub.11,
R.sub.12, and R.sub.13, which may be identical or different, are
chosen from linear and branched, saturated and unsaturated
hydrocarbon groups, optionally bearing at least one additional
chemical group, wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R', R'', and R''' may
also be chosen from hydrogen; [0223] provided that at least two
groups R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are different from R.sub.11,
R.sub.12, and R.sub.13, and at least two groups R', R'', and R'''
are not hydrogen.
[0224] The at least one alkoxysilane comprising at least one
solubilizing functional group may also be chosen from compounds of
formula (XA):
##STR00015## [0225] wherein, [0226] R.sub.9 is chosen from halogen
atoms and OR'.sub.9 groups; [0227] R.sub.10 is chosen from halogen
atoms and OR'.sub.10 groups; [0228] R'.sub.9 and R'.sub.10, which
may be identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen, and linear
and branched, saturated and unsaturated C.sub.1-C.sub.14
hydrocarbon groups; [0229] R.sub.7 is a non hydrolyzable functional
group providing a cosmetic effect; and [0230] R.sub.8 is a non
hydrolyzable functional group bearing at least one function chosen
from amines, carboxylic acids and salts thereof, sulfonic acids and
salts thereof, polyols such as glycol, polyethers such as
polyalkylene ether, and phosphoric acids and salts thereof; and
provided that at least one of R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 is not a
halogen;
[0231] As used herein, the term "functional group providing a
cosmetic effect" means a group derived from an entity chosen from
reducing agents, oxidizing agents, coloring agents, polymers,
surfactants, antibacterial agents, and UV absorbing filters.
[0232] According to a third embodiment, the at least one
alkoxysilane comprising at least one solubilizing functional group
may be chosen from compounds of formula (XB):
##STR00016## [0233] wherein, [0234] R.sub.12 is chosen from halogen
atoms, OR'.sub.12 groups, and R.sub.o groups; [0235] R.sub.13 is
chosen from halogen atoms, OR'.sub.13 groups, and R'.sub.o groups;
[0236] R.sub.14 is chosen from halogen atoms, OR'.sub.14 groups,
and R''.sub.o groups; [0237] R.sub.11 is chosen from groups bearing
at least one function chosen from carboxylic acids and salts
thereof, sulfonic acids and salts thereof, and polyalkylethers;
[0238] Ro, R'o, R''o, R'.sub.12, R'.sub.13, and R'.sub.14, which
may be identical or different, are chosen from linear and branched,
saturated and unsaturated, C.sub.1-C.sub.14 hydrocarbon groups
optionally bearing at least one additional chemical functional
group chosen from carboxylic acids and salts thereof, sulfonic
acids and salts thereof, and polyalkylether functions, and wherein
R'.sub.12, R'.sub.13, and R.sub.14 may also be chosen from
hydrogen; [0239] provided that at least two groups from R.sub.12,
R.sub.13 and R.sub.14 are different from R.sub.o, R'.sub.o, and
R''.sub.o groups; and [0240] provided further that at least two of
the groups R'.sub.12, R'.sub.13, and R'.sub.14 are not
hydrogen.
[0241] According to another embodiment, the at least one
alkoxysilane comprising at least one solubilizing functional group
may be chosen from compounds of formula (XI):
(R.sub.21O).sub.x(R.sub.22).sub.ySi-(A).sub.p-[NR.sub.23-(A').sub.p'].su-
b.q-[NR'.sub.23-(A'').sub.p''].sub.q'-Si--(R'.sub.22).sub.y'(OR'.sub.21).s-
ub.x' (XI) [0242] wherein, [0243] R.sub.21, R.sub.22, R'.sub.21,
and R'.sub.22, which may be identical or different, are chosen from
linear and branched, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon chains,
optionally comprising at least one heteroatom, optionally
interrupted by or substituted with at least one group chosen from
ether, ester, amine, amide, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl
groups; [0244] x is an integer ranging from 1 to 3; [0245] y is
3-x; [0246] x' is an integer ranging from 1 to 3; [0247] y' is
3-x', [0248] p, p', p'', q, and q' can each be 0 or 1, wherein at
least one of q or q' is not equal to zero; [0249] A, A', and A'',
which may be identical or different, are chosen from linear and
branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene divalent radicals; and [0250]
R.sub.23 and R'.sub.23, which may be identical or different, are
chosen from hydrogen and linear and branched, saturated and
unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, optionally comprising at least one
heteroatom, optionally interrupted by or substituted with at least
one entity chosen from ether, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alcohol ester,
amine, carboxyl, alkoxysilane, C.sub.6-C.sub.30 aryl, hydroxyl, and
carbonyl groups, and aromatic, heterocyclic, and non-heterocyclic
rings, optionally substituted with at least one group chosen from
C.sub.3-C.sub.20 alcohol ester, amine, amide, carboxyl,
alkoxysilane, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and acyl groups.
[0251] The at least one alkoxysilane comprising at least one
solubilizing functional group may also be chosen from compounds of
formula (XII):
##STR00017## [0252] wherein, [0253] R.sub.24 and R.sub.25, which
may be identical or different, are chosen from linear and branched,
saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, optionally comprising
at least one heteroatom, optionally interrupted by or substituted
with at least one group chosen from ether, ester, amine, amide,
carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups; [0254] x'' is 2 or 3;
[0255] y'' is 3-x''; [0256] n' is 0 or 1; [0257] n'' is 0 or 1;
[0258] E and E', which may be identical or different, are chosen
from linear and branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene divalent
radicals; [0259] R.sub.26 and R.sub.27, which may be identical or
different, are chosen from hydrogen and linear and branched,
saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, optionally comprising
at least one heteroatom, optionally interrupted by or substituted
with at least one entity chosen from ether, C.sub.1-C.sub.20
alcohol ester, amine, carboxyl, alkoxysilane, C.sub.6-C.sub.30
aryl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups, and aromatic, heterocyclic,
and non-heterocyclic rings, optionally substituted with at least
one group chosen from C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alcohol ester, amine, amide,
carboxyl, alkoxysilane, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and acyl groups; [0260]
r is an integer ranging from 0 to 4; [0261] r'=0 or 1; and [0262]
R.sub.28 is chosen from hydrogen and linear and branched, saturated
and unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, comprising, optionally at least
one heteroatom, optionally interrupted by or substituted with at
least one entity chosen from ether, alkyl alcohol ester, amine,
carboxyl, alkoxysilane, alkyl aryl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups,
and aromatic, heterocyclic, and non-heterocyclic rings.
[0263] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the at least
one alkoxysilane comprising at least one solubilizing functional
group may be chosen from compounds of formula (XIII):
(R.sub.29O)x.sub.1(R.sub.30)y.sub.1-Si-(A.sub.1).sub.s-CH.dbd.O
(XIII) [0264] wherein, [0265] R.sub.29 and R.sub.30, independently,
are chosen from linear and branched, saturated and unsaturated
hydrocarbon chains, optionally comprising at least one heteroatom,
optionally interrupted by or substituted with at least one group
chosen from ether, ester, amine, amide, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and
carbonyl groups; [0266] x.sub.1 is 2 or 3; [0267] y.sub.1 is
3-x.sub.1; [0268] A.sub.1 is chosen from linear and branched
C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene divalent radicals, optionally interrupted
by or substituted with at least one group chosen from
C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alcohol ester, amine, carboxyl, alkoxysilane,
C.sub.6-C.sub.30 aryl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups; and [0269] s
is 0 or 1.
[0270] In a further exemplary embodiment, the at least one
alkoxysilane comprising at least one solubilizing functional group
is chosen from compounds of formula (XIV):
##STR00018## [0271] wherein the R radicals, which may be identical
or different, are chosen from C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl [0272] radicals
and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 6, for example, from 2 to
4.
[0273] The alkoxysilanes useful in the present disclosure can be
chosen from alkoxysilanes comprising a silicon atom in a formula
R.sub.(4-n)SiX.sub.n, wherein X is a hydrolysable group such as
methoxy, ethoxy or 2-methoxyethoxy, R is a monovalent organic
radical which contains 1 to 12 carbon atoms and may contain groups
such as mercapto, epoxy, acrylyl, methacrylyl, amino or urea, and n
is an integer from 1 to 4, and according to at least one embodiment
is 3. Exemplary alkoxysilanes include, but are not limited to,
3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane and aminoalkyltrialkoxysilanes such
as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, as described in French Patent
Application No. FR2789896, incorporated by reference herein.
[0274] Other useful alkoxysilanes are cited, for example, in
EP1216022, incorporated by reference herein, which describes
alkoxysilanes comprising at least one hydrocarbon chain containing
a non-basic solubilizing chemical function. In this respect,
non-limiting mention may be made of the HCl-neutralized sodium
N-[(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediaminetriacetate supplied by
GELEST.
[0275] In an embodiment, the alkoxysilanes may comprise at least
one hydrocarbon chain containing fluorine atoms. Possible examples
include but are not limited to the
3,3,3-trifluoropropyltriethoxysilane or
tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane compounds described in EP1510197,
incorporated by reference herein.
[0276] In another embodiment, the useful alkoxysilanes may be
alkoxysilanes that carry a group having a cosmetic functional
group. Such cosmetic functional group can be an aromatic nitro dye
or anthraquinone, napthoquinone, benzoquinone, azo, xanthene,
triarylmethane, azine, indoaniline, indophenolic or indoamine
dye.
[0277] Another cosmetic functional group is a group having a
reductive effect, such as thiol groups, sulphinic acid or sulphinic
salt.
[0278] It is also contemplated that these alkoxysilanes may carry a
solubilizing, non-hydrolysable group such as amino groups,
carboxylic acids, sulphonic acids, sulphates, quaternary ammoniums,
polyalcohols, polyether and phosphates. One possible example of the
foregoing types of alkoxysilanes is
aminopropyl-N-(4,2-dinitrophenyl)aminopropyldiethoxysilane.
Additional exemplary compounds of this type are described, for
example, in EP1216023, which is herein incorporated by
reference.
[0279] Non-limiting examples of useful alkoxysilanes include
3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane and aminoalkyltrialkoxysilanes such
as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane ("APTES", described in French
Patent Application No. FR 2 789 896, incorporated herein by
reference), and mixtures thereof.
[0280] In an embodiment cationic agent (c)(ii)(1) is selected from
polyquaternium-6 (PQ-6), polyquaternium-22 (PQ-22), cetyltrymethyl
ammonium chloride (CTAC), and mixtures thereof.
[0281] The at least one cationic agent (c)(ii)(1) is present in the
compositions of the invention in an amount of from about 0.01% to
about 5% by weight, typically from about 0.1% to about 3% by
weight, and more typically from about 0.25% to about 2%, by weight,
based on the total weight of the composition as a whole. In a
particular embodiment, the amount of cationic conditioning polymer
is present at about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the
composition as a whole.
Anionic Surfactant (Component (c)(ii)(2))
[0282] The at least one anionic surfactant used in the cosmetic
compositions disclosed herein can be, for example, chosen from
salts, for example, alkali metal salts such as sodium salts,
ammonium salts, amine salts, amino alcohol salts and alkaline-earth
metal salts, for example magnesium salts, of the following types of
compounds: alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, acyl isethionates,
acyl glycianates, acyl taurates, acyl amino acids, acyl
sarcosinates, sulfosuccinates, sulfonates, alkyl polyglucoside
sulfonates and alkyl polyglucoside carboxylates, the alkyl and acyl
groups of all these compounds comprising from 6 to 24 carbon atoms
(saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched).
[0283] Particular sulfate salts useful in the invention include
those having the formulas (XXVI A and B)
##STR00019## [0284] wherein [0285] R is alkyl chain having 6 to 24
carbon atoms; [0286] M is an alkali-metal salt as described above;
and [0287] n is from 0 to 3 moles.
[0288] Non-limiting examples of acyl amino acids, taurates,
isethionate, sulfosuccinates and sulfonates useful in the
compositions of the invention include those having the following
formulas:
##STR00020## [0289] wherein in the above formulas R, R.sup.1,
R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently selected from H or alkyl
chain that has 1-24 carbon atoms, said chain being saturated or
unsaturated, linear or branched, and X is COO-- or SO.sub.3--.
[0290] Non-limiting examples of alkyl ether sulfates that can be
used in the current compositions include lauryl sulfate, laureth
sulfate, and salts and mixtures of these. More particularly, the
lauryl sulfate is sodium lauryl sulfate and the laureth sulfate is
sodium laureth sulfate ("SLES").
[0291] Non-limiting examples of isethionates that can be used in
the current compositions include sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium
lauroyl methyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof.
[0292] A non-limiting example of a glycinate that can be used in
the current compositions is sodium cocoyl glycinate.
[0293] Non-limiting examples of taurates that can be used in the
current compositions are sodium cocoyl taurate and sodium methyl
cocoyl taurate.
[0294] Acyl amino acids that can be used in the current
compositions include amino acid surfactants based on glycine or
alanine. The salt ion attached to the at least one acyl amino acid
can be sodium or potassium. Examples of acyl amino acid compounds
include but are not limited to: sodium cocoyl glycinate, potassium
cocoyl glycinate, and sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl
alaninate, sodium cocoyl alanine, and salts thereof. Typically, the
at least one acyl amino acid is selected from the group consisting
of sodium cocoyl glycinate and potassium cocoyl glycinate, and in
particular sodium cocoyl glycinate.
[0295] A non-limiting example of a sulfosuccinate that can be used
in the current compositions is disodium laurel sulfosuccinate.
[0296] A non-limiting example of a sulfonate that can be used in
the current compositions is sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate.
[0297] In an embodiment, the anionic surfactant ((c)(ii)(2)) is
selected from sodium cocoyl glycinate, sodium laureth sulfate,
sodium cocoyl taurate, and mixtures thereof.
[0298] The at least one anionic surfactant (c)(ii)(2) is present in
a total amount ranging from about 2% to about 8% by weight,
typically from about 2.5% to about 5%, more typically about 3% by
weight, including all ranges and sub ranges therebetween, based on
the total weight of the composition as a whole.
Water (Component (d))
[0299] The compositions of the invention are aqueous and comprise
from about 40% to about 88% water, particularly from about 60% to
about 85%, more particularly from about 75% to about 83%, most
typically from about 80% to about 82% water.
Optional Additives
[0300] The composition of the present disclosure may additionally
include any other adjuvant or additive that is usually used in the
field of self-cleaning products, in particular shampoos. A person
skilled in the art would know which adjuvants and/or additives to
select to achieve the desired results (e.g. preservatives) without
adversely affecting the properties of claimed emulsions. For
example, such additives include pH adjusting agents, preserving
agents, sequestrants and chelators, consistency regulators (e.g.
isopropyl alcohol), thickeners, antioxidants, fragrances, dyestuffs
such as soluble dyes and pigments, optical brighteners,
electrolytes and stabilizers (e.g. sodium chloride, glycerin),
plant extracts, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, glycols,
emollients, derivatives of the foregoing, and mixtures thereof.
Such additives are described, for example in US2012/0308492 at
[0079]-[0080] and US2006/0217283 at [0084]-[0087], both of which
are herein incorporated by reference. These additives may be
hydrophobic or hydrophilic.
[0301] Non-limiting examples of pH adjusting agents include
potassium acetate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium
hydroxide, phosphoric acid, succinic acid, sodium citrate, citric
acid, boric acid, lactic acid, sodium hydrogen carbonate, ethanol
amines, and mixtures thereof. In a particular embodiment, the pH
adjusting agent is selected from potassium hydroxide, sodium
hydroxide, ethanol amines, and mixtures thereof. In a particular
embodiment, the pH adjusting agent is selected from sodium
hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ethanol amines, and mixtures
thereof.
[0302] Non-limiting examples of useful preservatives include
ethanol, polyvinyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol,
salicylic acid, sodium benzoate, caprylyl glycol, methyl paraben,
propyl paraben, ethylhexylglycerin, 1,3-propanediol, cholorphensin,
methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, benzalkonium
chloride, polyaminopropyl biguanide, and mixtures thereof. In a
particular embodiment, the pH adjusting agent is selected from
cholorphensin, methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone,
benzalkonium chloride, polyaminopropyl biguanide, and mixtures
thereof.
[0303] Chelating agents and antioxidants are ingredients which
assist in preventing or retarding spoilage. Examples of
antioxidants suitable for use in the present composition are
potassium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium erythrobate, sodium
metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, propyl gallate, cysteine
hydrochloride, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole,
and mixtures thereof. Suitable chelators include salts of
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ("EDTA"), butylated hydroxytoluene
("BHT"), and mixtures thereof.
[0304] Other than some possible byproduct electrolytes that may be
present in some commercial formulations of raw materials, no
additional electrolytes are present/added to the inventive
compositions.
[0305] The cleansing compositions of the present invention have a
pH of about 9 or less, more typically between about 8 and about
4.5. Additionally, the cleansing compositions are preferably
clear.
Rheology
[0306] The compositions of the invention have a tan delta greater
than 1 at rest and less than 1 at relatively low oscillating
frequency. The crossover frequency at which the compositions of the
invention change behavior from a liquid (G''>G') to a solid
(G'>G'') is from about 0.1 to about 30 rad/s, typically from
about 2 rad/s to about 25 rad/s, more typically from about 3.2
rad/s to about 22 rad/s. As seen from the above cross-over
frequencies, the present compositions possess a "jiggling" behavior
at a wide range of frequencies.
[0307] The compositions have an elastic modulus (G') of from about
0.023 to about 2 and a viscous modulus (G'') of from about 0.05 to
about 26 at low oscillating frequencies of 0.1 rad/sec.
[0308] In an embodiment, the present invention relates to an
aqueous cleaning and conditioning composition comprising: [0309]
(a) from about 6% to about 20% of at least one nonionic surfactant;
[0310] (b) from about 3% to about 10% of at least one amphoteric
surfactant; [0311] (c) at least one material selected from [0312]
(i) from about 0.1% to about 10% of at least one nonionic
thickener; [0313] (ii) (1) from about 0.01% to about 5% of at least
one cationic agent combined with [0314] (2) from about 2% to about
8% of an anionic surfactant; and [0315] (iii) from about 0.01 to
about 23% of a mixture of from about 0.1% to about 10% of nonionic
thickener (c)(i) combined with from about 0.01% to about 5% of a
cationic agent (c)(ii)(1), and/or from about 2% to about 8% of an
anionic surfactant (c)(ii)(2); and [0316] (d) from about 40% to
about 88% water; [0317] wherein the ratio of the amount of (the sum
of nonionic surfactant (a)+amphoteric surfactant (b)) to the amount
of anionic surfactant ((c)(ii)(2)) is greater than 2:1.
[0318] In a particular embodiment, the present invention relates to
an aqueous cleaning and conditioning composition comprising: [0319]
(a) from about 6% to about 20% of at least one nonionic surfactant;
[0320] (b) from about 3% to about 10% of at least one amphoteric
surfactant; [0321] (c) at least one material selected from [0322]
(i) from about 0.1% to about 10% of at least one nonionic
thickener; [0323] (ii) (1) from about 0.01% to about 5% of at least
one cationic agent combined with [0324] (2) from about 2% to about
8% of an anionic surfactant; and [0325] (iii) from about 0.01 to
about 23% of a mixture of from about 0.1% to about 10% of nonionic
thickener (c)(i) combined with from about 0.01% to about 5% of a
cationic agent (c)(ii)(1), and/or from about 2% to about 8% of an
anionic surfactant (c)(ii)(2); and [0326] (d) from about 40% to
about 88% water; [0327] wherein the amount of the nonionic
surfactant (a) present in the final composition is greater than the
amphoteric surfactant (b); the ratio of the amount of nonionic
surfactant (a) to the amount of anionic surfactant (c)(ii)(2) is
from about 2:1 to about 5:1; and the composition has a cross over
frequency of from about 0.1 rad/s to about 30 rad/s; the percent
amounts being based on the weight percent of each component in the
final composition.
[0328] In a particular embodiment, the present invention relates to
an aqueous cleaning and conditioning composition comprising: [0329]
(a) from about 6% to about 20% of at least one nonionic surfactant;
[0330] (b) from about 3% to about 10% of at least one amphoteric
surfactant; [0331] (c) at least one material selected from [0332]
(i) from about 0.1% to about 10% of at least one nonionic
thickener; [0333] (ii) (1) from about 0.01% to about 5% of at least
one cationic agent combined with [0334] (2) from about 2% to about
8% of an anionic surfactant; and [0335] (iii) from about 0.01% to
about 23% of a mixture of from about 0.1% to about 10% of nonionic
thickener (c)(i) combined with from about 0.01% to about 5% of a
cationic agent (c)(ii)(1), and/or from about 2% to about 8% of an
anionic surfactant (c)(ii)(2); and [0336] (d) from about 40% to
about 88% water; [0337] wherein the amount of the nonionic
surfactant (a) present in the final composition is greater than the
amphoteric surfactant (b); the ratio of the amount of nonionic
surfactant (a) to the amount of anionic surfactant (c) (ii) (2) is
from about 2:1 to about 5:1; the ratio of the amount of (nonionic
surfactant+amphoteric surfactant) to the amount of anionic
surfactant is greater than 2:1; and the composition has a cross
over frequency of from about 0.1 rad/s to about 30 rad/s; the
percent amounts being based on the weight percent of each component
in the final composition.
[0338] The present invention is also directed to a process for
cleansing and conditioning a keratinous substrate involving
contacting the keratinous substrate with the above-disclosed
cleansing composition. Preferably the keratinous substrate is
hair.
[0339] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters
setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations,
the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are
reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however,
inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the
standard deviation found in their respective measurements. The
following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without
limiting the scope as a result. The percentages are given on a
weight basis unless otherwise specified.
Examples
[0340] Preparation:
The compositions of the examples below were prepared by combining
all of the surfactants/agents, heating to 50.degree. C. and mixing
until the mixture was uniform. The mixture was then allowed to cool
to room temperature. The compositions varied in appearance. The
compositions of Examples 1-9 were clear gel-like compositions.
Depending on the surfactants used, the compositions were colorless,
yellow or brownish. Clarity of the compositions was measured by the
transmittance percentage of light with a wavelength of 700 nm by
UV-visible spectrophotometry.
[0341] Designations of each component in the Examples Tables:
A=nonionic surfactant. Lauryl glucoside was used in examples unless
otherwise stated B=amphoteric surfactant. Cocoamidopropyl betaine
was used in examples unless otherwise stated C=nonionic thickener.
PEG-55 propylene glycol oleate unless otherwise stated D=cationic
agent. PQ-6 was used unless otherwise stated E=anionic surfactant.
Cocoyl glycinate was used unless otherwise stated
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 1 Examples 1-5: Compositions Having Various
Surfactant Substitutions INCI US Ex 1 Ex 2 Ex 3 Ex 4 Ex 5 Nonionic
LAURYL GLUCOSIDE 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 surfactant (A) (a)
Amphoteric COCAMIDOPROPYL 5.7 surfactant (B) BETAINE (b) Amphoteric
COCOBETAINE (b) 5.7 surfactant (B) Amphoteric SODIUM 5.7 5.7 5.7
surfactant (B) COCOAMPHOPROPIONATE (b) Nonionic PEG-55 PROPYLENE
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Thickener (C) GLYCOL OLEATE (c) (i) Nonionic
PEG-8 (c)(i) Thickener (C) Anionic SODIUM COCOYL 3 3 3 Surfactant
(E) GLYCINATE (c)ii(2) Anionic SLES (c) (ii) (2) 3 Surfactant (E)
Anionic SODIUM COCOYL 3 Surfactant (E) TAURATE (c) (ii) (2)
Cationic agent POLYQUATERNIUM- 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 (D) 22 (c)
(ii) (1) Cationic agent PQ-6 (c) (ii) (1) (D) Cationic agent CTAC
(c) (ii) (1) (D) WATER (d) 81.84 81.84 81.84 81.84 81.84 Appearance
Crushed Ice Gel X X X X Appearance Crushed X ice/Rigid Gel Cross
Over 6.3 3.2 Frequency
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2 Examples 6-9: Compositions Having Various
Surfactant Substitutions INCI US Ex 6 Ex 7 Ex 8 Ex9 Nonionic LAURYL
GLUCOSIDE (a) 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.15 surfactant (A) Amphoteric
COCAMIDOPROPYL surfactant (B) BETAINE (b) Amphoteric COCOBETAINE
(b) surfactant (B) Amphoteric SODIUM 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 surfactant (B)
COCOAMPHO- PROPIONATE (b) Nonionic PEG-55 PROPYLENE 0.4 Thickener
(C) GLYCOL OLEATE (c) (i) Nonionic PEG-8 (c) (i) 1 Thickener (C)
Anionic SODIUM COCOYL 3 3 3 Surfactant (E) GLYCINATE (c) (ii) (2)
Anionic SLES (c) (ii) (2) Surfactant (E) Anionic SODIUM COCOYL
Surfactant (E) TAURATE (c) (ii) (2) Cationic agent
POLYQUATERNIUM-22 0.94 0.94 (D) (c) (ii) (1) Cationic agent PQ-6
(c) (ii) (1) 1 (D) Cationic agent CTAC (c) (ii) (1) 1 (D) WATER (d)
81.84 81.84 81.84 81.84 Appearance Ringing Gel/Jiggling X Gel
Appearance Vibrating/Stretching X Gel Appearance Ringing Gel X X
Cross Over 22 hz Frequency
[0342] Table 3 below exemplifies the requirement for certain key
components as well as the combination of components that enable the
creation of the structured phase compositions of the invention.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 3 Compositions Demonstrating Impact of
Components C, D and E Rheology Composition Component Variables
Description Result* Comp 2 A + B + E + C 1% C Standard Positive
positive control Comp 22 A + B + E + C 2% C Standard Positive
(Example 1) positive control Comp 16 [B + E + C] No A Negative
control Negative Comp 6 A + B + E + C B = coco Positive control
Positive (Example 2) betaine Comp 8 A + B + E + C B = Positive
control Positive cocoamphodipropionate Comp 7 A + B + E + C B =
Disodium Positive control Positive (Example 3) cocoamphodiacetate
15 [A + E + C] No B Negative control Phase separation Comp 11 A + B
+ E + C E = SLES Positive control Positive (Example 4) Comp 12 A +
B + E + C E = Taurate Positive control Positive (Example 5) Comp 9
A + B + E + C E = Isethionate Positive control Positive Comp 17 A +
B + C No E Positive control Positive Example 6 Comp 18 A + B + E +
C C = PEG-8 Positive control Positive (Example 7) Comp 13 A + B + E
+ C C = PEG-180 Positive control Positive Comp 1 [A + B + E] No C,
no D Negative control Negative Comp 23 [A + B + D ] D = PQ-6 (LMW),
Negative control Negative no E Comp 24 A + B + E + D D = PQ-6 (LMW)
Positive control Positive Example 8 Comp 25 A + B + E + D D = Amine
Positive control Positive Comp 26 A + B + E + D D = CETAC Positive
control Positive (Example 9) Comp 27 A + B + E + C E = SCI Positive
control Positive Comp 28 [A + B] Negative *In Table 3 above a
"positive" result indicates a clear gel phase that macroscopically
exhibits solid behavior when sheared or touched and has a cross
over frequency between 0.1 and 30 rads. A negative result indicates
that the resulting composition was a liquid non-gel formula, and/or
the composition did not have a cross over frequency between 0.1 and
30 rads, and/or the composition was not stable and separted into
different phases.
[0343] As evidenced from the results reported in Table 3:
Composition 16 shows that a nonionic surfactant (A) is required to
create the structured composition of the invention; Composition 15
shows that the amphoteric surfactant (B) is also required;
Composition 17 shows that a combination of nonionic surfactant
(A)+amphoteric surfactant (B)+nonionic thickener (C) will work
while Composition 28 shows that A+B alone will not work;
Composition 1 shows that a combination of nonionic surfactant
(A)+amphoteric surfactant (B)+anionic surfactant (E) alone will not
yield the claimed compositions while Composition 24 shows that the
addition of cationic agent (D) to (A)+(B)+(E) will yield a
composition having the desired rheological properties; and
Composition 23 shows that a combination of nonionic surfactant
(A)+amphoteric surfactant (B)+cationic agent (D) alone will not
yield the inventive compositions but upon adding anionic surfactant
(E) then the desired composition is achieved as demonstrated in
Composition 25.
Rheological Evaluation
[0344] Protocols
The rheological properties of sample formulas were tested as
follows.
Instrument: ARES-G2 Rheometer
[0345] Geometry: 20 mm 2.degree. steel cone Sample formulas were
loaded in the rheometer and allowed to reach 25.degree. C.
Equilibration of 60 seconds relaxation was allowed prior to
testing. A frequency sweep was conducted between 0.1-200 rad/s.
Strain percentage was controlled at 10%.
[0346] The following parameters were measured and the results
reported below in Table 4:
G'=Elastic modulus (solid behavior). G''=Viscous modulus (liquid
behavior). Values of G' and G'' were reported at low frequency (0.1
rad/s) and high frequency (200 rad/s). Cross over frequency: The
frequency at which the G' and G'' curves intersect. This is the
point at which the formula behavior changed from predominantly
liquid behavior (G''>G'') to predominantly solid behavior
(G'>G'').
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 4 Rheological Measurements Cross over freq
(rad/s) (Cross G' G'' G' G'' to Example Component Variables (0.1
rad/s) (0.1 rad/s) (200 rad/s) (200 rad/s) Solids) Ex 6 A + B + C
No E 0.2309 1.855 308.8 139.6 22 (Comp 17) Ex 1 A + B + C + E
0.1966 8.067 664 175.5 6.31 (Comp 22) Ex 4 A + B + C + E E- 0.5538
13.73 604.3 145.9 3.16 (Comp 11) SLES Comp 27 A + B + C + E E-SCI
1.641 25.74 951.2 212.9 2 Ex 8 A + B + E + D 0.02301 0.9617 52.89
60.54 9 (Comp 24)
[0347] As is shown in Tables 3 and 4 above, a combination of
nonionic surfactant (A)+amphoteric surfactant (B)+a nonionic
thickener (C) yields a composition with the desired rheological
profile. The addition of an anionic surfactant (E) to the foregoing
compositions broadens the range of the plastic (solid) phase of the
composition. If the nonionic thickener (C) is eliminated, both the
cationic agent (D) and anionic surfactant (E) are necessary to
yield the desired rheology.
* * * * *