U.S. patent application number 14/517901 was filed with the patent office on 2015-06-04 for method and system for self-administering a visual examination using a mobile computing device.
The applicant listed for this patent is Brian Chou, Nikoo Iravani. Invention is credited to Brian Chou, Nikoo Iravani.
Application Number | 20150150445 14/517901 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46652450 |
Filed Date | 2015-06-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150150445 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Iravani; Nikoo ; et
al. |
June 4, 2015 |
Method and System for Self-Administering a Visual Examination Using
a Mobile Computing Device
Abstract
Novel vision monitoring and screening testing tools and
help-seeking enablers that may be used individually as or in
combination with vision monitoring and screening testing systems
that improves patients' ability to recognize onset and progression
of visual changes over time. Patients' ability to identify acute or
chronic visual conditions on their own may drive earlier
help-seeking behavior by the patient, enable earlier clinical
diagnosis by an eye care specialist, and therefore resulting in
earlier treatment and reduced likelihood of severe vision loss.
Inventors: |
Iravani; Nikoo; (San Jose,
CA) ; Chou; Brian; (San Jose, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Iravani; Nikoo
Chou; Brian |
San Jose
San Jose |
CA
CA |
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
46652450 |
Appl. No.: |
14/517901 |
Filed: |
October 19, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
13402889 |
Feb 23, 2012 |
8888288 |
|
|
14517901 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
351/223 ;
351/246 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 3/032 20130101;
A61B 3/036 20130101; A61B 3/063 20130101; A61B 3/066 20130101; A61B
3/1208 20130101; A61B 3/028 20130101; A61B 3/0033 20130101; A61B
3/0041 20130101 |
International
Class: |
A61B 3/028 20060101
A61B003/028; A61B 3/06 20060101 A61B003/06; A61B 3/032 20060101
A61B003/032 |
Claims
1. A method to administer macular degeneration test of an user by
said user comprising a. providing a mobile computer device; b.
embedding an application within said mobile device wherein said
application comprising: c. an activation module to initiate said
macular degeneration test by said user; d. a displaying module
displaying one or more grids for said user to identify wherein said
user would identify said grid if said user sees said grid as
blurry; e. an input module for said user to input said identified
grid; f. a recordation module to record said result of said
input.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said application further comprises
retrieval module for said user to retrieve said inputted.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said user provides said input by
marking on said one or more grids.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said user provides said input by
marking on said one or more grids by touching a touch screen device
of said mobile computer device.
5. A system to administer macular degeneration test of an user by
said user comprising a. a mobile computer device; b. an application
embedded within said mobile device wherein said application
comprising: c. an activation module to initiate said macular
degeneration test by said user; d. a displaying module displaying
one or more grids for said user to identify wherein said user would
identify said grid if said user sees said grid as blurry; e. an
input module for said user to input said identified grid; f. a
recordation module to record said result of said input.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein said application further comprises
retrieval module for said user to retrieve said inputted.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein said user provides said input by
marking on said one or more grids.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said user provides said input by
marking on said one or more grids by touching a touch screen device
of said mobile computer device.
Description
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/402,889, Method and System for
Self-Administering a Visual Examination Using a Mobile Computing
Device, filed on Feb. 23, 2012, by Nikoo Iravani and Brian Chou,
that claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to the
filing date of U.S. provisional patent application No. 61/446,011
Method of Self-Administering a Visual Acuity Measurement Using
Smart Phone, filed on Feb. 23, 2011. The foregoing applications are
herein incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to the field of vision
monitoring and screening testing tools that may be used
individually or in combination to create vision monitoring and
testing systems that improve patients' ability to recognize visual
anomalies as well as changes in vision over time. The improvement
of the identification of acute or chronic visual conditions may
lead to earlier diagnosis by an eye care specialist and earlier
treatment and therefore reduced likelihood of severe vision damage
or loss.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Vision loss is disruptive to the individual affected, their
family and society. There are many causes of vision loss and vision
impairment. Many of these conditions however are treatable if
detected earlier.
[0004] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of
irreversible legal blindness in the western world. Over 12 million
Americans have some type of AMD, and millions of others suffer from
other retina issues. Currently, home self-monitoring tools for
retina diseases fail to adequately indicate a changing vision,
resulting in delayed treatment and higher incidences of severe
vision loss.
[0005] Other ophthalmic conditions ranging from refractive error to
cataracts to glaucoma also respond to intervention. Unfortunately,
many people affected by these disorders suffer needlessly because
they are either unaware of their condition or they do not respond
to their symptoms with sufficient promptness. This often leads to a
delay in presentation after the onset of a visual change, which
creates a delay in clinical diagnosis and therefore a delay in the
start of treatment. This delay may lead to more severe vision
impairment, or even permanent and unrecoverable vision loss.
[0006] Furthermore, for a variety of occupations, visuals tests
have been proposed for the assessment of various aspects of visual
performance. For example, color vision screening has previously
been used as a means for detecting color deficiencies, and as a
means for assessing the severity of a user's color vision loss.
[0007] Color vision testing has also been used to determine whether
a user's vision meets the color vision requirements for a given
occupation (e.g. aviation, transportation, or police and fire
services); to assist in the detection of diseases (such as diabetes
or multiple sclerosis) that can affect visual performance; to
assist in the diagnosis of specific diseases of the eye (e.g. optic
neuritis, age related macular degeneration, photoreceptor
dystrophies, etc.); to facilitate disease management and treatment
monitoring; and to enable the monitoring of eye-related
side-effects in pharmaceutical drug trials.
[0008] One classic illustrative vision test involves the
measurement of high contrast Visual Acuity (VA). Visual Acuity is a
quantitative assessment of the ability to resolve high contrast
optotypes. In the United States, the measurement is recorded in a
ratio, such as 20/20, 20/40, 20/200, and so on. The ratio 20/20
indicates that at 20 feet, an individual is able to resolve a high
contrast black letter which subtends 5 minutes of arc against a
white background. From a test distance of 20 feet away, the 20/20
letter is 8.87 mm tall. The ratio 20/40 indicates that the
individual can resolve a letter which is twice the size as the
20/20 benchmark. The ratio 20/200 means that the individual can
resolve a letter that is ten times the size as the 20/20
benchmark.
[0009] In a visual acuity test, a user is asked to locate the
orientation of the gap in a Landolt C optotype. The user's visual
acuity is assessed on the basis of the smallest, high contrast
Landolt C for which the user can resolve and locate the orientation
of the gap. The test is carried out with both bright and dark
targets and the results provide a measure of visual acuity similar
to that measured with Snellen letter charts in optometric
practices, but with improved accuracy and the use of a single
target. The test can also be used to assess the effect of "visual
crowding" when the test target is surrounded by other targets.
[0010] These types of tests are usually undertaken by displaying
computer generated images to a subject via a monitor, typically a
cathode ray tube, liquid crystal display, or a projector. The
patient attends to the images presented on the display and responds
to the stimuli they observe on the screen. For example, in a test
where the user might be required to identify the location of a gap
in a Landolt C optotype, the user may be required to respond
accordingly to the quadrant of the image (top left, bottom left,
right or bottom right) in which the gap in the Landolt C optotype
is located. Once the user has responded to the particular image
being displayed, a new image is presented to the user to which the
user responds. This process continues until a series of optotypes
of varying sizes have been presented and corresponding patient
responses have been noted. The computer program then determines the
user's visual performance based on their responses to the image
displayed.
[0011] Government agencies use visual acuity guidelines for several
matters. The Department of Motor Vehicles, for example, uses visual
acuity to determine eligibility for motorist licensure. The
Internal Revenue Service uses visual acuity to determine whether
the taxpayer is legally blind in allowing an increased standard
deduction on the federal tax return. Certain occupations, for
example pilots and law enforcement, have a minimum visual acuity
requirement. Schools frequently have nurses administer visual
acuity measurements at specific grade levels to detect reduced
vision, which can interfere with academic and athletic performance.
Visual acuity is also routinely measured during routine physical
exams. Reduced visual acuity can signal uncorrected refractive
error, which can be managed with glasses, contacts, or refractive
surgery. It can also signal conditions such as amblyopia and the
presence of diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, and macular
degeneration. For these collective aforementioned reasons, there is
consumer interest in having the ability to perform a self-guided
visual acuity screening. Moreover, due to some perceived burden and
associate costs, most consumers delay in scheduling an eye
examination for obtaining baseline vision information. Therefore, a
visual acuity examination that can be self-administered at any time
and any place, such as that disclosed by the present invention, is
practical, useful and preventive of many eye related conditions and
diseases.
[0012] While older known systems have been shown to be effective in
vision testing and have accurately assessed the patients' visual
performance, it is generally the case that the equipment (in
particular the display) required to perform these tests is
typically large and expensive, and hence tends to only be
accessible at hospitals or research centers. As the equipment may
not to be easily and universally available, patients may neglect to
travel to a facility to undertake these tests. Furthermore, in less
developed regions of the world, traveling to these facilities can
be problematic for less able users. The use of such other tests for
mass screening of eye conditions, on a regular basis is therefore
very limited.
[0013] It is also the case that in less developed regions of the
world, the cost of equipment is such that some hospitals may simply
forego the purchase of the equipment when possible. One
unfortunately consequence of this is that many patients continue to
endure conditions that could perhaps be treated if their vision
were to be properly screened and investigated.
[0014] It would be highly advantageous, therefore, if a simple and
free method of vision screening could be proposed, wherein this
method would be more accessible to patients and would be more
likely to be implemented on a wider scale. Simple vision screening
could be mitigated through properly devised testing apparatus and
method that utilized commonly available visual equipment (such as a
cellular phone screen, tablets, iPad screen, or any screen touch
devices) for the display of tests to users, Vision Screening tests
such as measuring visual acuity, color blindness and monitoring
Macular Degeneration are carefully designed to require particular
visual parameters such as proper distance of displayed symbols from
the subject, or the proper orientation of the displayed symbols. As
such, any self-administered visual test must be able to reasonably
ensure that the test is properly administered from user to user
with consistency.
[0015] The present invention has been conceived with the aim of
addressing one or more of the aforementioned problems. More
specifically, the present invention boosts a subject's ability to
accurately and confidently self-monitor their vision in any
environment, which enables improved detection of eye disease
symptoms. Self-tests and monitoring enhances a subject's ability to
seek an eye care professional at an earlier stage of the condition,
which enables earlier clinical diagnosis of onset or progression of
diseases as well as earlier start of treatments. As a result,
routine eye health evaluation is promoted and ultimately fewer
people experience suboptimal vision and unnecessary vision
impairment or vision loss.
[0016] Currently, there are several competitive mobile
applications, which also attempt to measure visual acuity. The
majority of these applications are deficient in that they are
mostly static eye charts without any dynamic self-administration
algorithm which correctly measures one's visual acuity. When the
eye charts are static, the variation in distance is fixed
(typically 20 feet) and it becomes cumbersome to administer the
test by the user himself. Specifically, it almost always requires
an additional person to help assist in determining if user is
identifying the optotypes correctly. In addition, the visual acuity
cannot be determined accurately without an algorithm. The present
invention disclosed herein, however, avoids the problem discussed
above, as well as providing other improvements. Likewise, the field
is in shortage of effective portable solution which allows an user
to self administer color blindness screening examination using a
mobile computing device. Furthermore, the current art is also
deficient in effective portable solution which allows an user to
self administer macula degeneration screening examination using a
mobile computing device.
OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
[0017] Accordingly, it is the object of the invention to provide a
self-administered dynamic vision screening and monitoring testing
tool.
[0018] It is an object of the invention that the vision testing
methods described below may be used individually or in combination
with each other to create vision monitoring and testing system to
improve a user's ability to recognize visual anomalies as well as
their change in vision over time.
[0019] It is an object of the invention that the vision testing
method allows improved identification of baseline visual acuity
[0020] It is an object of the invention that the vision testing
method is a program or application for use in conjunction with a
mobile computer device such as a smart phone and a tablet device.
The vision testing application is a self-contained application that
is downloaded, installed, and used with any smart phones and tablet
devices.
[0021] It is an object of the invention to measure Distance visual
acuity which screens for myopia or near sightedness.
[0022] It is an object of the invention to measure Near visual
acuity which screens for hyperopia and presbyopia, commonly
referred to as Far-sightedness.
[0023] It is an object of the invention to provide the user the
ability to use the vision test at a more convenient distance
[0024] It is an object of the invention to provide a predetermined
period of time to adjust his or her location relative to the mobile
device. This allows the vision test application to accommodate the
user in self-administering the visual acuity test.
[0025] It is an object of the invention to display symbols on the
mobile computer device that is suitable for determining the visual
acuity of a user.
[0026] It is an object of the invention to provide for the use of
the "Landolt C" for the visual acuity test. The advantages of using
the Landolt C is that it can also work for individuals who are
illiterate and it is easier to score as there are only four (4)
possible choices.
[0027] It is an object of the invention to provide a formula or
algorithm in the vision test application to allow for intelligent
and intuitive response, wherein the smaller letters are
subsequently presented after correct response by the user and
larger letters are subsequently presented after incorrect response
by the user.
[0028] It is an object of the invention to provide for the vision
testing application to be fully automated, wherein no calculation
is required to be performed by the user for obtaining the results
of the tests.
[0029] It is an object of the invention to provide the user with a
score of the visual acuity test, wherein the score is a scoring
standard used by eye care specialists and professionals.
[0030] It is an object of the invention to provide the user with a
solution for self administering screening for color blindness using
a mobile computing device such as smart phone, tablet, ipad or any
touch screen portable computing device.
[0031] It is an object of the invention to provide the user with a
Macula Test in which the user can screen for Age-related macular
degeneration (AMD), a medical condition relating to the loss of
vision in the center of the visual field because of damage to the
central part of retina (macula).
[0032] It is an object of the invention to provide the user with a
grid in which to test for AMD and to allow the user to mark the
distorted areas on the mobile computer device's screen.
[0033] It is an object of the invention to provide for the macula
test to save marked distortions by the user.
[0034] It is an object of the invention to provide for the macula
test to allow the user to access the test history in order to keep
track of marked distortions over time and monitor the progression
of Macula Degeneration.
[0035] It is an object of the invention to provide for the macula
test to allow the user to share and review the macula degeneration
test history with their eye care practitioner to better assess the
condition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0036] To overcome the limitation in the prior art described above,
the present invention discloses a dynamic method of administering a
visual acuity test using a mobile computing device such as a smart
phone and a tablet device.
[0037] Specifically, the present invention disclosed is a method
and system to perform vision screening comprising a program or
application to be used in conjunction with a smart phone and a
tablet device. An exemplary embodiment is a vision testing
application that can be downloaded, installed, and used with any
smart phone and tablet device.
[0038] In one embodiment, the user can administer the eye vision
examination by him or herself for near visual acuity test and/or
distance acuity test without the aid of another person. There is no
need for another person to be at the other side of the room to
determine whether the response provided by the user correctly
matches the displayed symbol/s.
[0039] In one embodiment, the user has an option of selecting a
near visual acuity test. Near acuity test measures hyperopia and
presbyopia, commonly known as farsightedness or long-sightedness.
In one embodiment, the user has an option of selecting a distance
visual acuity test. Distance acuity test measures myopia, commonly
known as nearsightedness or short-sightedness.
[0040] In one embodiment, upon selection of a visual acuity test,
the user is allowed a predetermined period of time to adjust his or
her location relative to the mobile device or smart phone. After
adjusting to the corresponding position, the user will be shown on
the mobile device or smart phone display symbols that are suitable
for determining the visual acuity of the user. Next, the user is
requested to identify the display symbol among a number of symbols,
one of which is the displayed symbol. Finally, based on the user's
response to the requests, the user's visual acuity score is
displayed on the mobile device.
[0041] In one embodiment, the Landolt C is preferred over the
Tumbling E, as the Landolt C provides better rotational symmetry
which minimizes refractive error bias, and that even those who are
illiterate can participate in the eye vision examination.
[0042] In one embodiment, the eye vision screening method and
system comprises a formula or algorithm to provide intuitive and
intelligent response. As such, the displayed Landolt C becomes
progressively smaller with correct responses, whereas the displayed
Landolt C becomes progressively larger with incorrect responses
from the user.
[0043] In one embodiment, the eye vision screening method and
system provides a visual acuity score or ratio to the user. As
such, the user is able to determine and monitor, with accuracy and
without the help of an eye care professional, his or her visual
acuity over time.
[0044] In one embodiment, the eye vision examination method and
system is fully automated, requiring no user determination and
calculation of the scores. Upon completion of the visual acuity
screening, a visual acuity score or ratio will be provided to the
user.
[0045] In one embodiment, the program provides for a Macula Test,
which screens for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in which
the user can keep track of any distortion of his or her vision over
time.
[0046] In another aspect of the invention, a method to administer
visual acuity examination by a user is disclosed comprising
providing a mobile computer device; embedding an application within
the mobile device wherein the application comprises an activation
module to initiate the visual acuity examination by the user; a
displaying module displaying one or more symbol for user to
visually identify; an input module for the user to input the result
of the identification of the optotypes; an algorithm to determine
visual acuity based on the input provided by the user.
[0047] In one embodiment, the application further comprises a time
delay module for the user to place the mobile computer device at a
predetermined distance from the user. In one embodiment, the
displaying module alters the size of the symbol based on the input
provided by the user in accordance to predetermined algorithm. In
one embodiment, the symbol is a Landolt C optotype. In one
embodiment, the optotype is a Landolt C facing upward.
[0048] In one embodiment, the optotype is a Landolt C facing
downward. In one embodiment, the optotype is a Landolt C facing
leftward. In one embodiment, the optotype is a Landolt C facing
rightward. In one embodiment, the time delay module delays a time
range of 1 second to 10 seconds. In one embodiment, the time delay
module delays a time range of 5 second. In one embodiment, the
predetermined distance is ranged from 1 to 20 feet. In one
embodiment, the predetermined distance is 10 feet. In one
embodiment, the symbol is 3.32 mm in height for a 20/15 optotype;
4.43 mm in height for a 20/20 optotype; 5.54 mm in height for a
20/25 optotype; 6.65 mm in height for a 20/30 optotype; 8.87 mm in
height for a 20/40 optotype; 11.09 mm in height for a 20/50
optotype; 13.29 mm in height for a 20/60 optotype; 17.74 mm in
height for a 20/80 optotype; 22.15 mm in height for a 20/100
optotype; 44.30 mm in height for a 20/200 optotype; 88.60 mm in
height for a 20/400 optotype.
[0049] In one embodiment, the visual acuity is a 20/x number. In
one embodiment, the mobile computer device is selected from the
group consisting of a laptop, a smartphone and a mobile touch
screen device.
[0050] Another aspect of the invention is disclosed wherein a
system for administration of eye acuity by a user comprising a
mobile computer device; an application embedded within the mobile
device wherein the application comprising: an activation module to
initiate the visual acuity examination by the user; a displaying
module displaying one or more symbol for user to visually identify;
an input module for the user to input the result of the
identification of the symbols; an algorithm to determine visual
acuity based on the input provided by the user. In one embodiment,
the application further comprises a time delay module for the user
to place the mobile computer device at a predetermined distance
from the user.
[0051] In one embodiment, the displaying module alters the size of
the symbol based on the input provided by the user in accordance to
predetermined algorithm. In one embodiment, the symbol is a Landolt
C optotype. In one embodiment, the optotype is a Landolt C facing
upward.
[0052] In one embodiment, the optotype is a Landolt C facing
downward. In one embodiment, the optotype is a Landolt C facing
leftward. In one embodiment, the optotype is a Landolt C facing
rightward. In one embodiment, the time delay module delays a time
range of 1 second to 10 seconds. In one embodiment, the time delay
module delays a time range of 5 second. In one embodiment, the
predetermined distance is ranged from 1 to 20 feet. In one
embodiment, the predetermined distance is 10 feet. In one
embodiment, the symbol is 3.32 mm in height for a 20/15 optotype;
4.43 mm in height for a 20/20 optotype; 5.54 mm in height for a
20/25 optotype; 6.65 mm in height for a 20/30 optotype; 8.87 mm in
height for a 20/40 optotype; 11.09 mm in height for a 20/50
optotype; 13.29 mm in height for a 20/60 optotype; 17.74 mm in
height for a 20/80 optotype; 22.15 mm in height for a 20/100
optotype; 44.30 mm in height for a 20/200 optotype; 88.60 mm in
height for a 20/400 optotype. In one embodiment, the visual acuity
is a 20/x number. In one embodiment, the mobile computer device is
selected from the group consisting of a laptop, a smartphone and a
mobile touch screen device.
[0053] In another aspect of the invention, a method to administer
color blind examination by an user is disclosed comprising:
providing a mobile computer device; embedding an application within
the mobile device the application comprises: an input module to
initiate the examination; a displaying module displaying
PseudoIsochromatic Plate for user to recognize; an answering module
for user to input answers; an algorithm to determine color
blindness based on the input provided by the user.
[0054] In another aspect of the invention, a system for
administration of color blind examination by a user is disclosed
comprising: a mobile computer device; an application embedded
within the mobile device the application comprises: an activation
module to initiate the examination; a displaying module displaying
PseudoIsochromatic Plate for user to recognize; an answering module
for user to input answers; an algorithm to determine color
blindness based on the input provided by the user.
[0055] In another aspect of the invention, a method to administer
macular degeneration test by the user is disclosed comprising
providing a mobile computer device; embedding an application within
the mobile device wherein the application comprising: an activation
module to initiate the macular degeneration test by the user; a
displaying module displaying the Amsler grid for the user to
identify wherein the user would identify the grid if the user sees
the grid as blurry, wavy or distorted; an input module for the user
to input the identified grid; a recordation module to record the
result of the input.
[0056] In one embodiment, the application further comprises
retrieval module for the user to retrieve the content which has
been inputted. In one embodiment, the user provides the input by
marking on one or more grids. In one embodiment, the user provides
the input by marking on one or more grids by touching a touch
screen device of the mobile computer device.
[0057] In another aspect of the invention, a system to administer
macular degeneration test of an user by the user comprising a
mobile computer device; an application embedded within the mobile
device wherein the application comprising: an activation module to
initiate the macular degeneration test by the user; a displaying
module displaying one or more grids for the user to identify
wherein the user would identify the grid if the user sees the grid
as blurry; an input module for the user to input the identified
grid; a recordation module to record the result of the input.
[0058] In another aspect of the invention, the application further
comprises retrieval module for the user to retrieve the inputted.
In another aspect of the invention, the user provides the input by
marking on the one or more grids. In another aspect of the
invention, the user provides the input by marking on the one or
more grids by touching a touch screen device of the mobile computer
device.
[0059] In one other aspect of the invention, a method of
administering a visual acuity examination by a user is disclosed
comprising embedding an application within a mobile computing
device wherein the application comprises: initiating the visual
acuity examination by the user; displaying one or more symbols for
the user; the user inputting his/her response to the displayed
symbol into the mobile computer device; and determination of the
visual acuity of the user by the mobile computer device based on
the user's input.
[0060] In one embodiment, the application further comprises a time
delay module for delaying display of symbols to the user until the
user has moved a predetermined distance away from the mobile
computer device. In another embodiment, the size of the symbols are
changed in accordance to a predetermined algorithm based on input
provided by the user.
[0061] In one other aspect of the invention, a mobile computer
device for administration of an eye acuity examination by a user is
disclosed comprising: an application embedded within the mobile
device, the application comprising an activation module to initiate
the visual acuity examination by the user; a display module
displaying one or more symbols for user; an input module for
inputting the users response to the displayed symbol into the
mobile computer device; and an algorithm for determination of the
visual acuity of the user by the mobile computer device based on
the user's input.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0062] These and other features and advantages of the invention
will not be described with reference to the drawings of certain
preferred embodiments, which are intended to illustrate and not to
limit the invention, and in which:
[0063] FIG. 1 is an illustrative view of the application loading
screen.
[0064] FIG. 2 is an illustrative view of the disclaimer screen.
[0065] FIG. 3 is an illustrative view of the menu screen.
[0066] FIG. 4 is an illustrative view of the screen containing
other vision tests.
[0067] FIG. 5 is an illustrative view of the visual acuity menu
screen.
[0068] FIG. 6 is an illustrative view of the distance acuity
starting screen.
[0069] FIG. 7 is an illustrative view of the time delay module
screen.
[0070] FIG. 8 is an illustrative view of the screen of a visual
acuity test in progress.
[0071] FIG. 9 is an illustrative view of the screen prompting
user's response in a visual acuity test.
[0072] FIG. 10 is an illustrative view of the screen displaying the
results of a visual acuity test.
[0073] FIG. 11 is an illustrative view of color vision test menu
screen.
[0074] FIG. 12 is an illustrative view of the screen of a color
vision test in progress.
[0075] FIG. 13 is an illustrative view of the screen prompting
user's response in a color vision test.
[0076] FIG. 14 is an illustrative view of the screen displaying the
result of the color vision test.
[0077] FIG. 15 is an illustrative overview of the application, the
visual acuity test, and the color vision test.
[0078] FIG. 16 is an actual screen shot of the application
menu.
[0079] FIG. 17 is an actual screen shot of the menu of other
available vision tests.
[0080] FIG. 18 is an actual screen shot of the distance acuity test
in progress.
[0081] FIG. 19 is an actual screen shot of the near acuity test in
progress.
[0082] FIG. 20 is an actual screen shot of the color vision test in
progress.
[0083] FIG. 21 is an illustrative view of the screen displaying the
Macula Test menu screen.
[0084] FIG. 22 is an illustrative view of the screen of the Macula
Test in progress via the use of a grid to test for age-related
macular degeneration (AMD).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0085] In one aspect, the present invention is a method and system
for the self-administration of visual acuity measurement comprising
of a near and distance visual acuity tests. The ability to
self-administer and monitor visual acuity over time is valuable in
many respects. For example, patients who have had laser vision
correction are often interested in monitoring their own visual
acuity after the correction surgery. Myopic children in grade
school frequently experience progression in myopia with a
corresponding decrease in distance visual acuity. Furthermore,
People over the age of forty (40) are expected to have changes in
their ability to change visual focus between distance and near
objects. The present invention can be used to measure and assess
the visual acuity in various circumstances.
[0086] The present invention is a method and system to perform
vision screening comprising a software program or application
wherein the application can be downloaded, installed, and used with
any one of various smart phones and tablet devices. The application
allows the user to administer a self guided vision screening
without the aid of another person. Because the application is fully
automated and designed to be fully functional for use by one user,
there is no need for another person to be at the other side of the
room to determine whether the response provided by the user
correctly matches the displayed symbol.
[0087] In one embodiment, the user has an option of selecting a
distance visual acuity test, which measures myopia, or commonly
known as nearsightedness or short-sightedness. Under the distance
visual acuity test option, the user can perform and self-administer
the visual acuity examination at a distance of only ten (10) feet
rather than the traditional twenty (20) feet away. In another
embodiment, the user can perform and self-administer the visual
acuity examination at variation of a distance rather than the
traditional twenty (20) feet away wherein the algorithm will
determine and display various sizes of the letters based on the
distance. This difference in distance is highly advantageous in
many circumstances where space may be limited.
[0088] In the visual acuity examination, after the test begins, the
application counts down from five seconds allowing the user to step
back ten (10) feet away. Then a letter "C" is briefly displayed
with a timer bar simultaneously shown at the top of the screen
which provides the user with approximately four (4) seconds to gaze
at the displayed letter, after which the displayed symbol
disappears. Thereafter, the application requests the user to
indicate with the touch screen in which direction the gap in the
"C" was observed. The user is provided with six (6) options for
responding to the automatic prompt: (1) up, (2) down, (3) left, (4)
right, (5) "show again" or (6) "I'm not sure". The test is repeated
between one to thirteen times and preferably between six to
thirteen times in order to provide a resulting visual acuity score.
The symbol letter size display begins at the size that user
initially selects and can range from 20/15 to 20/200. If on the
first presentation of a particular letter size, the user
incorrectly identifies the orientation of the letter "C", a
progressively larger letter size is displayed. Conversely, if the
user correctly identifies the 20/20 optotype, the application will
begin displaying 20/15 optotypes.
[0089] In one embodiment of the distance visual acuity test at
which the display is ten (10) feet away from the user at eye level,
the letters should have the following sizes:
20/15 letter=3.32 mm tall 20/20 letter=4.43 mm tall 20/25
letter=5.54 mm tall 20/30 letter=6.65 mm tall 20/40 letter=8.87 mm
tall 20/50 letter=11.09 mm tall 20/60 letter=13.29 mm tall 20/80
letter=17.74 mm tall 20/100 letter=22.15 mm tall 20/200
letter=44.30 mm tall 20/400 letter=88.60 mm tall
[0090] In one embodiment, the user has an option of selecting a
near visual acuity test, which measures hyperopia, and/or
presbyopia or commonly known as farsightedness or longsightedness.
Under the near visual acuity test option, the user can perform and
self-administer the visual acuity examination at a distance of only
sixteen (16) inches. That is, the user can sit at a desk, set up
the program on the smart phone, and administer the examination by
placing the smart phone at sixteen (16) inches away. The near
visual acuity test is similar to the distance visual acuity test
with the exception of three elements. First, the user is instructed
to hold the smart phone at only approximately sixteen (16) inches
away. Second, the application preferably begins by assessing the
user's approximate threshold near visual acuity to determine the
subsequent letter size to display, rather than automatically
starting at the 20/20 level. Third, the time delay in displaying
the symbol can be set at less than 4 seconds, reflecting the fact
that there is no need for the user to step back ten (10) feet away
from the mobile computer device.
[0091] In one embodiment, the Landolt C is preferred over the
Tumbling E, as the Landolt C provides better rotational symmetry
which minimizes refractive error bias, and that even those who are
illiterate can participate in the eye vision examination. For
determining the visual acuity of a user, the eye vision examination
uses the Landolt C, where the letter "C" is displayed either with
the gap in the "C" pointing up, down, left, or right. The advantage
of the Landolt C is that even an illiterate (e.g. child, those with
language barrier, etc.) can successfully perform this measurement
with the aid of another individual. Secondly, unlike the "Tumbling
E" where the letter "E" is displayed either up, down, left, or
right orientations, the letter C has greater rotational symmetry to
the optotype. Rotational symmetry is important in minimize
refractive error bias. As an example, an individual with
significant against-the-rule astigmatism (e.g. p1-2.00.times.090)
would more likely demonstrate reduced visual acuity with the
Landolt C versus Tumbling E. Hence, the Landolt C has greater
sensitivity in detecting astigmatic refractive error.
[0092] In one embodiment, the vision screening method and system
comprises a formula or algorithm to provide intuitive and
intelligent response. More specifically, the formula or algorithm
logically displays the optotype (i.e. letter, symbol, or number)
with the size of the optotype ("letter-size") based on user
response. As such, the displayed Landolt C becomes progressively
smaller with correct responses, whereas the displayed Landolt C
becomes progressively larger with incorrect responses from the
user. This formula or algorithm correctly provides, based on the
optotype displayed and the user's response corresponding to the
optotype displayed, the necessary information for determining the
visual acuity of the user.
[0093] In one embodiment, the vision screening method and system
provides a visual acuity score or ratio to the user. When the
distance or near visual acuity testing is completed, the
application provides a visual acuity score, for example
20/20.sup.+2, or 20/40, etc. As such, the user is able to determine
and monitor, with accuracy and without the help of an eye care
professional, his or her visual acuity over time.
[0094] In one embodiment, all users are shown a 20/40 letter and
must provide a response for each letter shown. If the user provides
the correct response, the program will provide them with
progressively smaller letters from 20/30, to 20/20, to 20/15. For
example, if the user correctly identifies the 20/40 letter, then
correctly identifies the 20/30 letter, but then misses the 20/25
letter, then the user will be shown five more 20/30 letters. At
that point, the goal near the end of the measurement is to always
present six letters in a given visual acuity line. If the user gets
five of the six 20/30 letters corrected, then the final acuity
score is 20/30.sup.-1.
[0095] If, as another example, the user provides the correct
response to all six 20/30 letters correct, then the program will
display 20/25 letters. If the user gets two of the six 20/25
letters correct, then the final acuity score is 20/30.sup.+2. In
the same scenario, however, if the user provides the correct
responses to all six 20/30 letters and then get three of the six
20/25 letters correct, then the final acuity score is 20/30.sup.+3.
In this case, it is also correct for the program to indicate an
acuity score of 20/25.sup.-3, even though technically the acuity
score is 20/30.sup.+3 because the program displayed 20/30 letters
and the user responded correctly rather than having displayed all
the 20/20 letters and having the user provide incorrect responses
to all six of the 20/20 letters. In general, however, in no
instances should the program provide +4, -4, +5, or -5 after the
acuity measurement--it should only be within the range of and
including -3 and +3.
[0096] Visual acuity is a threshold measurement. That is, if done
correctly, the user is pushed to the limit of what they can or
cannot see. At the end, the users should be guessing and missing
some of the letters. A common clinical mistake by novice
technicians is to allow the patients to easily read all the letters
correctly on one line and claim that the patient cannot see
anything more and quit the measurement. This usually ends up with
an under-estimated visual acuity score, unless the patient is
encouraged to try to proceed to read the next line of letters.
[0097] In one embodiment, the vision screening method and system is
fully automated, requiring no user determination and calculation of
the scores. Whereas other available eye examination methods
requires calculation of the visual acuity score or ratio based on
distance, the present invention disclosed herein does the
calculation automatically and thus providing greater convenience
and minimal error rates.
[0098] In another aspect of the invention, the eye vision
examination also includes a Macular Test in which Age-related
macular degeneration (AMD) is tested. AMD is a medical condition
which usually affects older adults and results in a loss of vision
in the center of visual field (the macula) because of damages to
the retina. In the macular test, the user's eye are tested
separately by covering one eye at a time. If the user uses glasses
for near-sightedness or myopia, then the user will wear glasses in
order for the testing results to be accurate.
[0099] First, the user will preferably keep the display
approximately twelve (12) inches from his or her eye. In an
embodiment, at the beginning of the test, the program will display
a grid with a dot at the center. The user is to keep his or her
focus on the center dot. The program then prompts the user to
provide responses indicating (1) whether the user can see all four
corners of the large square; (2) whether the user can see all the
small squares; and (3) whether any of the small squares or lines
are blurry, wavy, or distorted. Assuming that a certain portion of
the grid is seen as distorted by the user, the user can mark it
with his or her finger directly on the touch screen and save it.
The program will save the information and the user can access the
information via test history and see if the user's distortion is
increasing over time.
[0100] In another aspect of the invention, the eye vision
examination also includes a Macular Test in which Age-related
macular degeneration (AMD) is tested. AMD is a medical condition
which usually affects older adults and results in a loss of vision
in the center of visual field (the macula) because of damages to
the retina. In the macular test, the user's eye are tested
separately by covering one eye at a time. If the user uses glasses
for near-sightedness or myopia, then the user will wear glasses in
order for the testing results to be accurate.
[0101] In another aspect of the invention, a method to administer
color blind examination by an user is disclosed comprising:
providing a mobile computer device; embedding an application within
the mobile device the application comprises: an input module to
initiate the examination; a displaying module displaying
PseudoIsochromatic Plate for user to recognize; an answering module
for user to input answers; an algorithm to determine color
blindness based on the input provided by the user.
[0102] In another aspect of the invention, a system for
administration of color blind examination by a user is disclosed
comprising: a mobile computer device; an application embedded
within the mobile device the application comprises: an activation
module to initiate the examination; a displaying module displaying
PseudoIsochromatic Plate for user to recognize; an answering module
for user to input answers; an algorithm to determine color
blindness based on the input provided by the user.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0103] The invention will be described in the context of a
preferred embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1, an eye examination
software or application is loaded onto a smart phone from a server
coupled to the smart phone. The screen 100 displays the title 101
of the program or application, the company name 102, and indication
of the status of the program 103, that is, the application is
loading. Then, referring to FIG. 2, the screen 200 displays a
disclaimer 201 of liability notifying the user who is about to
administer the eye examination. The user can either accept 202 the
terms of the disclaimer or disagree and quit 203 the application.
Referring to FIG. 3, in the main menu screen 300, various options
are provided to the user for selection, such as but not limited to
"visual acuity" 301, "color" 302, "more tests" 303, "doctor finder"
304 and "about" 305. Referring to FIG. 4, the "more tests" option
takes the user to another menu screen, wherein there are tests for
astigmatism 401, Amsler Grid 402, and other tests 403.
[0104] Referring to FIG. 5, upon the selection of the "visual
acuity" option, the application proceeds to where the process of
self-administered visual acuity examination begins. The user is
then provided with the option of "near" 501 and "far" 502. The
"near" 501 option is the near visual acuity test which examines for
myopia or near-sightedness, whereas the "far" 502 option is the
distance visual acuity test which examines for hyperopia or
far-sightedness. The visual acuity tests 501, 502 provide the
ability to self-administer a visual acuity examination using the
user's smart phone. Referring to FIG. 6, choosing the far or
distance acuity test takes the user to the distance acuity test
screen 600 and the user can choose when to start the test by
pressing the "begin" button 601. Referring to FIG. 7, upon the
start of the distance visual acuity test, the application provides
the user a screen 700 showing the user a count down 701 of when the
next letter will be displayed. Referring to FIG. 8, the application
displays on the screen 800 a Landolt C oriented in a particular
orientation for the user to identify in the pre-determined time
period as indicated by the time bar 802. Then, referring to FIG. 9,
the user is taken to the response screen 900, wherein the user is
asked to indicate which orientation of the Landolt C was displayed
901. The user is given four (4) choice of orientation of the
Landolt C: (1) C with the gap facing upward 902; (2) C with the gap
facing rightward 903; (3) C with the gap facing leftward 904; and
(4) C with gap facing downward 905. Finally, referring to FIG. 10,
a screen 1000 providing the result of the visual acuity test in the
form of a score or ratio 1001 is automatically provided to the user
after the completion of the visual acuity examination. Furthermore,
the user also has the option to "find a doctor" 1002 or simply
return to the main menu 1003.
[0105] Similarly, referring to FIG. 11, the "color" option allows
for the user to self-administer a color-blind test and brings the
user to the color vision test screen 1100. The color vision test
will only begin upon the user pressing the "begin" button 1101.
Referring the FIG. 12, upon starting the color vision test, the
user is shown a screen 1200 displaying a group of colored dots in a
circle 1201 where a number or letter is displayed with a background
suitable for testing for color blindness where in the number or
letter is buried in the background. Then, the user is asked 1201 to
identify and respond by indicating what number or letter was
displayed 1201. Next, referring to FIG. 13, the user's response can
be done in various ways, such as presenting a number of options
1301 to the user, wherein the options includes the correct response
among incorrect responses. Upon the user's selection of one of the
options, the user's response is recorded, and the user can move on
to the next screen by pressing the "next" button 1302. Referring to
FIG. 14, upon the completion of the colored vision test, a screen
1400 displaying the results is provided. The user is informed that
if the user chose any incorrect selections, then the user should
seek a doctor 1401. The application further provides an option to
find a doctor nearby 1402 or to return to the main menu 1403.
[0106] FIG. 15 is an illustrative overview of a block diagram
showing a method of self-administering an eye examination with
accordance with the present invention disclosed herein.
[0107] FIG. 16 is a screen shot showing the menu displaying the
title "EyeXam" 1601 of the program or application and various
options for the user to select, such as but not limited to "Visual
Acuity" 1602, "Color Vision" 1603, "More Tests" 1604, "Doctor
Finder" 1605, "Eye Anatomy & Conditions" 1606, and "About
EyeXam" 1607.
[0108] FIG. 17 is a screen shot of the "more tests" option, which
takes the user to another menu screen 1700. The menu screen 1700
displays the tests for Astigmatism 1701, Macula Test 1702, Eye
Alignment 1703, Eye Exercise 1704, and Eye Dominance 1705.
[0109] FIG. 18 is a screen shot 1800 of the distance acuity test,
wherein the user is given a certain amount of time as indicated by
the time bar 1801 to identify the orientation of the Landolt C 1802
shown on the display. Then, the application prompts the user to
provide response to the previously displayed image.
[0110] Similarly, FIG. 19 is a screen shot 1900 of the application
screen prompting the user to provide a response to the previously
displayed image for a near acuity test. The application prompts
1901 the user and provides the user with four (4) choice of
orientation of the Landolt C: (1) C with the gap facing upward
1902; (2) C with the gap facing rightward 1903; (3) C with the gap
facing leftward 1904; and (4) C with gap facing downward 1905.
Alternatively, the user can also choose for the application to
"show again" 1908 the previously displayed image of the Landolt C
or to simply choose "I'm not sure" 1909 to indicate that the user
is unsure of the previously displayed image of the Landolt C. The
application also indicates to the user his or her current visual
acuity score or ratio 1906 as well as indicating the number of
questions asked and number of questions responded correctly
1907.
[0111] FIG. 20 is a screen shot 2000 of the color vision test,
wherein upon starting the color vision test, the user is shown a
group of colored dots in a circle 2001 where a number or letter is
displayed with a background suitable for testing for color
blindness where in the number or letter is buried in the
background. Then, the user is expected to identify the number or
letter as shown in the circle, upon which the user can click on the
"show results" button 2002 to determine if the user's
identification was correct.
[0112] FIG. 21 is an illustrative screen 2100 of the Macular Test,
wherein upon starting the test to test for age-related macular
degeneration (AMD), the user is shown a simple direction
instruction 2101 to guide the user. The user is also prompted by
the program to keep track of three details 2102: (1) whether the
user can see all four corners of the large square; (2) whether the
user can see all the small squares; and (3) whether any of the
small squares or lines are blurry, wavy, or distorted. The user is
also informed 2103 that a normally the user would be able to see
all four corners of the large square and all the small squares, and
that none of the small square or lines are blurry, wavy, or
distorted. Once the user is comfortable with the directions, the
user may proceed to the next step to test for AMD by pressing the
"Begin Test" 2104 button.
[0113] FIG. 22 is an illustrative screen 2200 of the Macular Test
in progress to test for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The
user is shown a black and white grid 2201 with a dot 2202 in the
center of the grid. The user is to focus his or her eyes on the dot
2202 and to indicate whether the user can see all four corners of
the large square as well as whether the use can see all the small
squares. Furthermore, the user is to mark all, if any, of the small
square or lines are blurry, wavy, or distorted. One embodiment of
providing such marking is by touch the mobile device that contains
a touch screen. Any mistake in marking by the user to of any small
square or lines are blurry, wavy, or distorted can be undone via
the "Undo" button 2203. A history of the user's markings can be
saved 2204 and can be accessed by the user later on via "Test
History" 2205. The user can then keep track of any changes in
vision via the test history. Specifically, the user can retrieve
previously saved file to compare with the presently save file to
see if the distortion has worsen.
* * * * *