U.S. patent application number 14/405211 was filed with the patent office on 2015-05-28 for benzo [b] isoxazoloazepine bromodomain inhibitors and uses thereof.
The applicant listed for this patent is Contellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Invention is credited to Brian K. Albrecht, Victor S. Gehling, Alexander M. Taylor, Rishi G. Vaswani.
Application Number | 20150148333 14/405211 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48626695 |
Filed Date | 2015-05-28 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150148333 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Albrecht; Brian K. ; et
al. |
May 28, 2015 |
BENZO [B] ISOXAZOLOAZEPINE BROMODOMAIN INHIBITORS AND USES
THEREOF
Abstract
The present invention relates to compounds useful as inhibitors
of bromodomain-containing proteins. The invention also provides
pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising compounds of
the present invention and methods of using said compositions in the
treatment of various disorders. ##STR00001##
Inventors: |
Albrecht; Brian K.;
(Cambridge, MA) ; Gehling; Victor S.; (Somerville,
MA) ; Taylor; Alexander M.; (Cambridge, MA) ;
Vaswani; Rishi G.; (Newton, MA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Contellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
Cambridge |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
48626695 |
Appl. No.: |
14/405211 |
Filed: |
June 6, 2013 |
PCT Filed: |
June 6, 2013 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2013/044449 |
371 Date: |
December 3, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61656280 |
Jun 6, 2012 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
514/212.02 ;
514/215; 540/543; 540/578 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D 498/04 20130101;
A61K 31/55 20130101; A61P 35/00 20180101; C07D 498/10 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/212.02 ;
540/578; 514/215; 540/543 |
International
Class: |
C07D 498/10 20060101
C07D498/10; A61K 31/55 20060101 A61K031/55; C07D 498/04 20060101
C07D498/04 |
Claims
1. A compound of Formula (I): ##STR00104## or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Ring B is absent; or a 3-7
membered saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring,
phenyl, an 8-10 membered bicyclic saturated, partially unsaturated,
a 4-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring
having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,
oxygen, and sulfur, a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring
having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,
oxygen, and sulfur, a 7-10 membered bicyclic saturated or partially
unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or an 8-10 membered
bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; R.sup.d and R.sup.e
taking together with their intervening atoms form an isoxazolyl
optionally substituted with R.sub.1; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or
C.sub.1-6 aliphatic; R.sub.2-R.sub.5 are each independently
hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 aliphatic,
--OR, --SR, --CN, --N(R').sub.2, --C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R,
--C(O)N(R').sub.2, --C(O)SR, --C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R,
--C(S)N(R').sub.2, --C(S)OR, --S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R,
--SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')SO.sub.2R,
--N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, --OC(O)N(R').sub.2, or
--(CH.sub.2).sub.pR.sup.x; each of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, R.sub.2 and
R.sub.4, R.sub.3 and R.sub.5, or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are taken
together with their intervening atoms to form CO, or an optionally
substituted 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated
spiro-fused ring having 0-2 heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and X is hydrogen, SO.sub.2, CO, a
covalent bond, or an optionally substituted bivalent C.sub.1-6
hydrocarbon chain wherein one methylene unit is optionally replaced
by --NR'--, --N(R')C(O)--, --C(O)N(R')-, --N(R')SO.sub.2--,
--SO.sub.2N(R')--, --O--, --C(O)--, --OC(O)--, --C(O)O--, --S--,
--SO-- or --SO.sub.2--; or When ring B is absent, X is hydrogen or
substituted C.sub.1-6 aliphatic; and R.sup.x is halogen, optionally
substituted C.sub.1-6 aliphatic, --OR, --SR, --CN, --N(R').sub.2,
--C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R, --C(O)N(R').sub.2, --C(O)SR,
--C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R, --C(S)N(R').sub.2, --C(S)OR,
--S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R, --SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(O)R,
--N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')SO.sub.2R,
--N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2; each R
is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group
selected from C.sub.1-6 aliphatic, phenyl, a 3-7 membered saturated
or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring, a 7-10 membered bicyclic
saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring, a 5-6 membered
monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 4-7 membered
saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2
heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and
sulfur, a 7-10 membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated
heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected
from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 8-10 membered bicyclic
heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; each R' is independently --R,
--C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R, --C(O)N(R).sub.2, --C(S)N(R).sub.2,
--S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R, or --SO.sub.2N(R).sub.2; or two R' on the
same nitrogen are taken together with their intervening atoms to
form an optionally substituted group selected from a 4-7 membered
monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 1-2
heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and
sulfur, and a 7-12 membered bicyclic saturated, partially
unsaturated, or aromatic fused ring having 1-3 heteroatoms
independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; each of m
and n is independently 0-4, as valency permits; and each of R.sub.6
and R.sub.7 are independently --R, halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy, --OR, --SR, --N(R').sub.2, --CN,
--NO.sub.2, --C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R, --C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--C(O)SR, --C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R, --C(S)N(R').sub.2,
--C(S)OR, --S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R, --SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')SO.sub.2R, --N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula (Ia)
or (Ib): ##STR00105## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
3. The compound of claim 2, wherein the compound is of Formula (II)
or (III): ##STR00106## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound is of Formula (IV)
or (V): ##STR00107## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein Ring A is a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring or a
monocyclic partially saturated heterocyclic ring, each of which
having one to three heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen and oxygen; each of p, m, and n are independently 0-2 as
valency permits; R.sub.8 is independently optionally substituted
phenyl, halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy, --OR, --SR, --N(R').sub.2, --CN,
--NO.sub.2, --C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R, --C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--C(O)SR, --C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R, --C(S)N(R').sub.2,
--C(S)OR, --S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R, --SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')SO.sub.2R, --N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2; and b
is 0-3.
5. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound is of Formula
(II): ##STR00108## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein R.sub.7 is optionally substituted phenyl, halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy, --OR, --SR,
--N(R').sub.2, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R,
--C(O)N(R').sub.2, --C(O)SR, --C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R,
--C(S)N(R').sub.2, --C(S)OR, --S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R,
--SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')SO.sub.2R,
--N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2.
6. The compound of claim 5, wherein the compound is of Formula
(VIII), (IX), or (X): ##STR00109## or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof.
7. The compound of claim 6, wherein Ring A is pyridinyl, pyrazolyl,
isoxazolyl, pyridinonyl, or pyrazinyl.
8. The compound of claim 7, wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.4, if
present, are each independently hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy, --N(R').sub.2, --CO, halogen, --CN,
--SR, --OH, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.bR.sup.x; R.sub.3 and R.sub.5, if
present, are each independently hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl;
or each of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are taken
together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally
substituted 3-7 membered cycloalkyl; and X is CO, a covalent bond,
or (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl; each of R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are
independently optionally substituted phenyl, halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy, --OR, --SR,
--N(R').sub.2, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R,
--C(O)N(R').sub.2, --C(O)SR, --C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R,
--C(S)N(R').sub.2, --C(S)OR, --S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R,
--SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')SO.sub.2R,
--N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2; each R
and R' are independently hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy, or phenyl optionally substituted with
one or more halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy, --CN, --C(O)R, or --CO.sub.2R; and
R.sup.x is halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy, --OR, --SR, --CN, --N(R').sub.2,
--C(O)R, --CO.sub.2R, --C(O)N(R').sub.2, --C(O)C(O)R,
--C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2.
9. The compound of claim 8, wherein: R.sub.2 and R.sub.4, if
present, are each independently hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl,
--N(R').sub.2, --CO, or --(CH.sub.2)R'.sub.2, (CH.sub.2)OH,
(CH.sub.2)CN, (CH.sub.2)CON(R').sub.2, or (CH.sub.2)COR'; R.sub.3
and R.sub.5, if present, are each hydrogen; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3
taken together with their intervening atoms to form a 3-7 membered
cycloalkyl; R.sub.6 is halogen, --CN, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
--C(O)N(R').sub.2, or --SO.sub.2R; R.sub.7 is
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy
--C(O)N(R').sub.2, or --CN; R.sub.8 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl,
halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy, --CN, --(CH.sub.2)NH.sub.2,
(CH.sub.2)OH, (CH.sub.2)CN, (CH.sub.2)CON(Me).sub.2, or
(CH.sub.2)CONH.sub.2; and each R and R' are independently hydrogen
or (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl.
10. The compound of claim 9, wherein: R.sub.1 is methyl; R.sub.2 is
hydrogen, --NH.sub.2, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH,
--CH.sub.2C(O)NH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2C(O)N(Me).sub.2, or --CH.sub.2CN,
or --CO; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 taken together with their
intervening atoms to form a cyclopropyl; and R.sub.4 is hydrogen; X
is a covalent bond; R.sub.6 is halogen, --CN,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, --C(O)NH.sub.2, or --SO.sub.2Me; R.sub.7 is
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, --C(O)NH.sub.2, halogen, or --CN; and
R.sub.8 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, NH.sub.2, or
--(CH.sub.2)CONH.sub.2.
11. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from
the formula: ##STR00110## ##STR00111## ##STR00112## ##STR00113##
##STR00114## ##STR00115## ##STR00116## or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
12. A composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 and a
pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, carrier, or vehicle.
13. The composition according to claim 12, in combination with an
additional therapeutic agent.
14-19. (canceled)
20. A method for treating a bromodomain-containing protein-mediated
disorder in a patient in need thereof, comprising the step of
administering to said patient a compound according to claim 1.
21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the
bromodomain-containing protein is a BET protein.
22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the BET protein is
BRD4.
23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the disorder is a
proliferative disorder, inflammatory disease, sepsis, autoimmune
disease, or viral infection.
24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the proliferative
disorder is cancer.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/656,280, filed Jun. 6, 2012. The entire
teachings of the above application is incorporated herein by
reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to compounds useful as
inhibitors of one or more bromodomain-containing proteins.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Packaging the 3 billion nucleotides of the human genome into
the nucleus of a cell requires tremendous compaction. To accomplish
this feat, DNA in our chromosomes is wrapped around spools of
proteins called histones to form dense repeating protein/DNA
polymers known as chromatin: the defining template for gene
regulation. Far from serving as mere packaging modules, chromatin
templates form the basis of a newly appreciated and fundamentally
important set of gene control mechanisms termed epigenetic
regulation. By conferring a wide range of specific chemical
modifications to histones and DNA, epigenetic regulators modulate
the structure, function, and accessibility of our genome, thereby
exerting a tremendous impact on gene expression. Hundreds of
epigenetic effectors have recently been identified, many of which
are chromatin-binding proteins or chromatin-modifying enzymes.
Significantly, an increasing number of these proteins have been
associated with a variety of disorders such as neurodegenerative
disorders, metabolic diseases, inflammation, and cancer. Thus,
highly selective therapeutic agents directed against this emerging
class of gene regulatory proteins promise new approaches to the
treatment of human diseases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] It has now been found that compounds described herein, and
pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, are effective as
inhibitors of one or more bromodomain-containing proteins. Such
compounds include those of Formula (I):
##STR00002##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of
R.sup.d, R.sup.e, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, X,
R.sup.6, m, R.sup.7, and n are as defined and described herein.
[0005] The provided compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable
compositions thereof, are useful for treating a variety of
diseases, disorders or conditions associated with abnormal cellular
responses triggered by events mediated by bromodomain-containing
proteins. Such diseases, disorders, or conditions include those
described herein.
[0006] The provided compounds are also useful for the study of
bromodomain-containing proteins in biological and pathological
phenomena, the study of intracellular signal transduction pathways
mediated by bromodomain-containing proteins, and the comparative
evaluation of new inhibitors of bromodomain-containing
proteins.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS
1. General Description of Compounds of the Invention
[0007] In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a
compound of Formula (I):
##STR00003##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: [0008] Ring
B is absent; or a 3-7 membered saturated or partially unsaturated
carbocyclic ring, phenyl, an 8-10 membered bicyclic saturated,
partially unsaturated, a 4-7 membered saturated or partially
unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 5-6 membered
monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 7-10 membered
bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring
having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,
oxygen, and sulfur, or an 8-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring
having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,
oxygen, and sulfur; [0009] R.sup.d and R.sup.e taking together with
their intervening atoms form an isoxazolyl optionally substituted
with R.sub.1; [0010] R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 aliphatic;
[0011] R.sub.2-R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen, halogen,
optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 aliphatic, --OR, --SR, --CN,
--N(R').sub.2, --C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R, --C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--C(O)SR, --C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R, --C(S)N(R').sub.2,
--C(S)OR, --S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R, --SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')SO.sub.2R, --N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, --OC(O)N(R').sub.2, or
--(CH.sub.2).sub.pR.sup.x; [0012] each of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3,
R.sub.2 and R.sub.4, R.sub.3 and R.sub.5, or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5
are taken together with their intervening atoms to form CO, or an
optionally substituted 3-7 membered saturated or partially
unsaturated spiro-fused ring having 0-2 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and [0013] X is
hydrogen, SO.sub.2, CO, a covalent bond, or an optionally
substituted bivalent C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbon chain wherein one
methylene unit is optionally replaced by --NR'--, --N(R')C(O)--,
--C(O)N(R')--, --N(R')SO.sub.2--, --SO.sub.2N(R')--, --O--,
--C(O)--, --OC(O)--, --C(O)O--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2--;
or
[0014] When ring B is absent, X is hydrogen or substituted
C.sub.1-6 aliphatic; and [0015] R.sup.x is halogen, optionally
substituted C.sub.1-6 aliphatic, --OR, --SR, --CN, --N(R').sub.2,
--C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R, --C(O)N(R').sub.2, --C(O)SR,
--C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R, --C(S)N(R').sub.2, --C(S)OR,
--S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R, --SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(O)R,
--N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')SO.sub.2R,
--N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2; [0016]
each R is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group
selected from C.sub.1-6 aliphatic, phenyl, a 3-7 membered saturated
or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring, a 7-10 membered bicyclic
saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring, a 5-6 membered
monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 4-7 membered
saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2
heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and
sulfur, a 7-10 membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated
heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected
from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and a 8-10 membered bicyclic
heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; [0017] each R' is independently --R,
--C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R, --C(O)N(R).sub.2, --C(S)N(R).sub.2,
--S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R, or --SO.sub.2N(R).sub.2; or [0018] two R' on
the same nitrogen are taken together with their intervening atoms
to form an optionally substituted group selected from a 4-7
membered monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring having
1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and
sulfur, and a 7-12 membered bicyclic saturated, partially
unsaturated, or aromatic fused ring having 1-3 heteroatoms
independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; [0019]
each of m and n is independently 0-4, as valency permits; and
[0020] each of R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are independently --R, halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy, --OR, --SR,
--N(R').sub.2, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R,
--C(O)N(R').sub.2, --C(O)SR, --C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R,
--C(S)N(R').sub.2, --C(S)OR, --S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R,
--SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')SO.sub.2R,
--N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2.
2. Compounds and Definitions
[0021] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms
are described in more detail below. For purposes of this invention,
the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the
Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry
and Physics, 75.sup.th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional
groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally,
general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific
functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Organic
Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito,
1999; Smith and March March's Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5.sup.th
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2001; Larock,
Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New
York, 1989; Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis,
3.sup.rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987; the
entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0022] Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also
meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric,
and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for
example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, Z
and E double bond isomers, and Z and E conformational isomers.
Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric,
diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the
present compounds are within the scope of the invention. Unless
otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the
invention are within the scope of the invention. Optionally, the
present structures include the replacement of one or more hydrogen
atoms by deuterium. Alternatively, hydrogen is present at natural
abundance at all positions. Such compounds are useful, for example,
as analytical tools, as probes in biological assays, or as
therapeutic agents in accordance with the present invention.
[0023] Where a particular enantiomer is preferred, it may, in some
embodiments be provided substantially free of the corresponding
enantiomer, and may also be referred to as "optically enriched."
"Optically enriched," as used herein, means that the compound is
made up of a significantly greater proportion of one enantiomer. In
certain embodiments the compound is made up of at least about 90%
by weight of a preferred enantiomer. In other embodiments the
compound is made up of at least about 95%, 98%, or 99% by weight of
a preferred enantiomer. Preferred enantiomers may be isolated from
racemic mixtures by any method known to those skilled in the art,
including chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the
formation and crystallization of chiral salts or prepared by
asymmetric syntheses. See, for example, Jacques et al.,
Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New
York, 1981); Wilen, et al., Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977); Eliel, E.
L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 1962);
Wilen, S. H. Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p.
268 (E. L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind.
1972).
[0024] As used herein, natural abundance refers to the abundance of
isotopes of a chemical element as naturally found where the
relative atomic mass (a weighted average) of these isotopes is the
atomic weight listed for the element in the periodic table.
[0025] The term "heteroatom" means one or more of oxygen, sulfur,
nitrogen, phosphorus, or silicon (including, any oxidized form of
nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon; the quaternized form of
any basic nitrogen or; a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic
ring, for example N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in
pyrrolidinyl) or NR.sup.+ (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl)).
[0026] The terms "halo" and "halogen" as used herein refer to an
atom selected from fluorine (fluoro, --F), chlorine (chloro, --Cl),
bromine (bromo, --Br), and iodine (iodo, --I).
[0027] The term "alkyl," as used herein, refers to a monovalent
saturated, straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical derived
from an aliphatic moiety containing between one and six carbon
atoms by removal of a single hydrogen atom. In some embodiments,
alkyl contains 1-5 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, alkyl
contains 1-4 carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, alkyl
contains 1-3 carbon atoms. In yet another embodiment, alkyl
contains 1-2 carbons. Examples of alkyl radicals include, but are
not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,
iso-butyl, sec-butyl, sec-pentyl, iso-pentyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl,
neopentyl, n-hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-decyl,
n-undecyl, dodecyl, and the like.
[0028] The term "alkenyl," as used herein, denotes a monovalent
group derived from a straight- or branched-chain aliphatic moiety
having at least one carbon-carbon double bond by the removal of a
single hydrogen atom. In certain embodiments, alkenyl contains 2-6
carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, alkenyl contains 2-5 carbon
atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl contains 2-4 carbon atoms. In
another embodiment, alkenyl contains 2-3 carbon atoms. Alkenyl
groups include, for example, ethenyl ("vinyl"), propenyl ("allyl"),
butenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, and the like.
[0029] The term "alkynyl," as used herein, refers to a monovalent
group derived from a straight- or branched-chain aliphatic moiety
having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond by the removal of a
single hydrogen atom. In certain embodiments, alkynyl contains 2-6
carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, alkynyl contains 2-5 carbon
atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl contains 2-4 carbon atoms. In
another embodiment, alkynyl contains 2-3 carbon atoms.
Representative alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to,
ethynyl, 2-propynyl ("propargyl"), 1-propynyl, and the like.
[0030] The term "aliphatic" or "aliphatic group", as used herein,
denotes a hydrocarbon moiety that may be straight-chain (i.e.,
unbranched), branched, or cyclic (including fused, bridging, and
spiro-fused polycyclic) and may be completely saturated or may
contain one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not
aromatic. Unless otherwise specified, aliphatic groups contain 1-6
carbon atoms. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-4
carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments aliphatic groups contain
1-3 carbon atoms. Aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocycle. Suitable aliphatic groups
include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, alkyl,
alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, and hybrids thereof such as
(cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl.
[0031] The term "unsaturated", as used herein, means that a moiety
has one or more units of unsaturation.
[0032] The terms "cycloaliphatic", "carbocycle", "carbocyclyl",
"carbocyclo", or "carbocyclic", used alone or as part of a larger
moiety, refer to a saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic
aliphatic monocyclic or bicyclic ring systems, as described herein,
having from 3 to 18 carbon ring atoms, wherein the aliphatic ring
system is optionally substituted as defined above and described
herein. Cycloaliphatic groups include, without limitation,
cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl,
cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl,
and cyclooctadienyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl has 3-6
carbons. The terms "cycloaliphatic", "carbocycle", "carbocyclyl",
"carbocyclo", or "carbocyclic" also include aliphatic rings that
are fused to one or more aromatic or nonaromatic rings, such as
decahydronaphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, decalin, or
bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, where the radical or point of attachment is
on an aliphatic ring.
[0033] As used herein, the term "partially unsaturated" refers to a
ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond
between ring atoms but is not aromatic. The term "partially
unsaturated" is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites
of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aryl or heteroaryl
moieties, as herein defined.
[0034] The term "aryl" used alone or as part of a larger moiety as
in "aralkyl", "aralkoxy", or "aryloxyalkyl", refers to monocyclic,
bicyclic, and carbocyclic ring systems having a total of five to 10
ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic
and wherein each ring in the system contains three to seven ring
members. The term "aryl" may be used interchangeably with the term
"aryl ring". In certain embodiments of the present invention,
"aryl" refers to an aromatic ring system which includes, but not
limited to, phenyl (abbreviated as "Ph"), biphenyl, naphthyl,
anthracyl and the like, which may bear one or more substituents.
Also included within the scope of the term "aryl", as it is used
herein, is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or
more non-aromatic rings, such as indanyl, phthalimidyl,
naphthimidyl, phenantriidinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the
like.
[0035] The terms "heteroaryl" and "heteroar-", used alone or as
part of a larger moiety, e.g., "heteroaralkyl", or
"heteroaralkoxy", refer to groups having 5 to 10 ring atoms,
preferably 5, 6, 8, or 9 ring atoms; and from one to five
heteroatoms. The term "heteroatom" refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and
any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen. Heteroaryl groups
include, without limitation, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl,
imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,
oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl,
pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl,
naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl. The terms "heteroaryl" and
"heteroar-", as used herein, also include groups in which a
heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloalkyl,
heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of
attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring. Nonlimiting examples
include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl,
dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl,
isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl,
4H-quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl,
phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and
pyrido[2,3-b]-1,4-oxazin-3(4H)-one. A heteroaryl group may be mono-
or bicyclic. The term "heteroaryl" may be used interchangeably with
the terms "heteroaryl ring", "heteroaryl group", or
"heteroaromatic", any of which terms include rings that are
optionally substituted. The term "heteroaralkyl" refers to an alkyl
group substituted by a heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl
portions independently are optionally substituted.
[0036] As used herein, the terms "heterocycle", "heterocyclyl",
"heterocyclic radical", and "heterocyclic ring" are used
interchangeably and refer to a stable 4- to 7-membered monocyclic
or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety that is either
saturated or partially unsaturated, and having, in addition to
carbon atoms, one or more, preferably one to four, heteroatoms, as
defined above. When used in reference to a ring atom of a
heterocycle, the term "nitrogen" includes a substituted nitrogen.
As an example, in a saturated or partially unsaturated ring having
0-3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, the
nitrogen may be N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in
pyrrolidinyl), or .sup.+NR (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).
[0037] A heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at
any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure
and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted. Examples
of such saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals
include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl,
pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidonyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl,
tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl,
oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl,
oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl. The terms
"heterocycle", "heterocyclyl", "heterocyclyl ring", "heterocyclic
group", "heterocyclic moiety", and "heterocyclic radical", are used
interchangeably herein, and also include groups in which a
heterocyclyl ring is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or
cycloalkyl rings, such as indolinyl, 3H-indolyl, chromanyl,
phenanthridinyl, 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, octahydroindolyl, or
tetrahydroquinolinyl, where the radical or point of attachment is
on the heterocyclyl ring. A heterocyclyl group may be mono- or
bicyclic. The term "heterocyclylalkyl" refers to an alkyl group
substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl
portions independently are optionally substituted.
[0038] As described herein, compounds of the invention may contain
"optionally substituted" moieties. In general, the term
"substituted", whether preceded by the term "optionally" or not,
means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are
replaced with a suitable substituent. Unless otherwise indicated,
an "optionally substituted" group may have a suitable substituent
at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one
position in any given structure may be substituted with more than
one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent
may be either the same or different at each position. Combinations
of substituents envisioned under this invention are preferably
those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible
compounds. The term "stable", as used herein, refers to compounds
that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to
allow for their production, detection, and, in certain embodiments,
their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the
purposes disclosed herein.
[0039] Suitable monovalent substituents on a substitutable carbon
atom of an "optionally substituted" group are independently, e.g.,
halogen; --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4R.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4OR.sup..smallcircle.;
--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)OR.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4CH(OR.sup..smallcircle.).sub.2;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4SR.sup..smallcircle.; --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4Ph,
which may be substituted with R.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-1Ph which may be substituted
with R.sup..smallcircle.; --CH.dbd.CHPh, which may be substituted
with R.sup..smallcircle.; --NO.sub.2; --CN; --N.sub.3;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4N(R.sup..smallcircle.).sub.2;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(S)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
--N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(S)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)OR.sup..smallcircle.;
--N(R.sup..smallcircle.)N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--N(R.sup..smallcircle.)N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)NR.sup..smallcircle..su-
b.2;
--N(R.sup..smallcircle.)N(R.sup..smallcircle.)C(O)OR.sup..smallcircle-
.; --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--C(S)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)OR.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)SR.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)OSiR.sup..smallcircle..sub.3;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4OC(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--OC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4SR, --SC(S)SR.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4SC(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4C(O)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
--C(S)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2; --C(S)SR.sup..smallcircle.;
--SC(S)SR.sup..smallcircle.,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4OC(O)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
--C(O)N(OR.sup..smallcircle.)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--C(O)C(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--C(NOR.sup..smallcircle.)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4SSR.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4S(O).sub.2R.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4S(O).sub.2OR.sup..smallcircle.;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.04OS(O).sub.2R.sup..smallcircle.;
--S(O).sub.2NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-4S(O)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--N(R.sup..smallcircle.S(O).sub.2NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
--N(R.sup..smallcircle.)S(O).sub.2R.sup..smallcircle.;
--N(OR.sup..smallcircle.)R.sup..smallcircle.;
--C(NH)NR.sup..smallcircle..sub.2; --P(O).sub.2R.sup..smallcircle.;
--P(O)R.sup..smallcircle..sub.2; --OP(O)R.sup..smallcircle..sub.2;
--OP(O)(OR.sup..smallcircle.).sub.2; --SiR.sup..smallcircle..sub.3;
--(C.sub.1-4 straight or
branched)alkylene)O--N(R.sup..smallcircle.).sub.2; or --(C.sub.1-4
straight or branched alkylene)C(O)O--N(R.sup..smallcircle.).sub.2,
wherein each R.sup..smallcircle. may be substituted as defined
below and is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl, --CH.sub.2Ph,
--O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-1Ph, or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially
unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or, notwithstanding the
definition above, two independent occurrences of
R.sup..smallcircle., taken together with their intervening atom(s),
form a 3-12-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl
mono- or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, which may be substituted
as defined below. Alternatively, R.sup..smallcircle. is
independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl, --CH.sub.2Ph, and,
--O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-1Ph wherein Ph (phenyl) is optionally
substituted with halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy, (CpC.sub.6)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkyl, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, or,
--OH.
[0040] Suitable monovalent substituents on R.sup..smallcircle. (or
the ring formed by taking two independent occurrences of
R.sup..smallcircle. together with their intervening atoms), are,
e.g., independently halogen, --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2R.sup..cndot.,
-(haloR.sup..cndot.), --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2OH,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2OR.sup..cndot.,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2CH(OR.sup..cndot.).sub.2;
--O(haloR.sup..cndot.), --CN, --N.sub.3,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2C(O)R.sup..cndot., --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2C(O)OH,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2C(O)OR.sup..cndot.,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2SR.sup..cndot., --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2SH,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2NH.sub.2, --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2NHR.sup..cndot.,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2NR.sup..cndot..sub.2, --NO.sub.2,
--SiR.sup..cndot..sub.3, --OSiR.sup..cndot..sub.3,
--C(O)SR.sup..cndot., --(C.sub.1-4 straight or branched
alkylene)C(O)OR.sup..cndot., or --SSR.sup..cndot. wherein each
R.sup..cndot. is unsubstituted or where preceded by "halo" is
substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently
selected from C.sub.1-4alkyl, --CH.sub.2Ph,
--O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-1Ph, or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially
unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Suitable divalent
substituents on a saturated carbon atom of R.sup..smallcircle.
include .dbd.O and .dbd.S.
[0041] Suitable divalent substituents on a saturated carbon atom of
an "optionally substituted" group include, e.g., the following:
.dbd.O, .dbd.S, .dbd.NNR*.sub.2, .dbd.NNHC(O)R*, .dbd.NNHC(O)OR*,
.dbd.NNHS(O).sub.2R*, .dbd.NR*, .dbd.NOR*,
--O(C(R*.sub.2)).sub.2-3O--, or --S(C(R*.sub.2)).sub.2-3S--,
wherein each independent occurrence of R* is selected from
hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl which may be substituted as defined below,
or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated,
or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Suitable divalent substituents that
are bound to vicinal substitutable carbons of an "optionally
substituted" group include: --O(CR*.sub.2).sub.2-3O--, wherein each
independent occurrence of R* is selected from hydrogen,
C.sub.1-6alkyl which may be substituted as defined below, or an
unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or
aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Alternatively, R* is hydrogen,
C.sub.1-6alkyl, --CH.sub.2Ph, and, --O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-1Ph wherein
Ph (phenyl) is optionally substituted with halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkyl, --CN,
--NO.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, or, --OH.
[0042] Suitable substituents on the alkyl group of R* include,
e.g., halogen, --R.sup..cndot., -(haloR.sup..cndot.), --OH,
--OR.sup..cndot., --O (haloR.sup..cndot.), --CN, --C(O)OH,
--C(O)OR.sup..cndot., --NH.sub.2, --NHR.sup..cndot.,
--NR.sup..cndot..sub.2, or --NO.sub.2, wherein each R.sup..cndot.
is unsubstituted or where preceded by "halo" is substituted only
with one or more halogens, and is independently C.sub.1-4alkyl,
--CH.sub.2Ph, --O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-1Ph, or a 5-6-membered saturated,
partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms
independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0043] Suitable substituents on a substitutable nitrogen of an
"optionally substituted" group include, e.g., --R.sup..dagger.,
--NR.sup..dagger..sub.2, --C(O)R.sup..dagger.,
--C(O)OR.sup..dagger., --C(O)C(O)R.sup..dagger.,
--C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R.sup..dagger., --S(O).sub.2R.sup..dagger.,
--S(O).sub.2NR.sup..dagger..sub.2, --C(S)NR.sup..dagger..sub.2,
--C(NH)NR.sup..dagger..sub.2, or
--N(R.sup..dagger.)S(O).sub.2R.sup..dagger.; wherein each
R.sup..dagger. is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-6alkyl which may
be substituted as defined below, unsubstituted --OPh, or an
unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or
aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or, notwithstanding the definition
above, two independent occurrences of R.sup..dagger., taken
together with their intervening atom(s) form an unsubstituted
3-12-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl mono- or
bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0044] Suitable substituents on the alkyl group of R.sup..dagger.
are independently, e.g., halogen, --R.sup..cndot.,
-(haloR.sup..cndot.), --OH, --OR.sup..cndot., --O
(haloR.sup..cndot.), --CN, --C(O)OH, --C(O)OR.sup..cndot.,
--NH.sub.2, --NHR.sup..cndot., --NR.sup..cndot..sub.2, or
--NO.sub.2, wherein each R.sup..cndot. is unsubstituted or where
preceded by "halo" is substituted only with one or more halogens,
and is independently C.sub.1-4alkyl, --CH.sub.2Ph,
--O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-1Ph, or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially
unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0045] As used herein, the term "inhibitor" is defined as a
compound that binds to and/or inhibits the target
bromodomain-containing protein (such as a BET protein, e.g., BRD2,
BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT) with measurable affinity. In certain
embodiments, an inhibitor has an IC.sub.50 and/or binding constant
of less about 50 .mu.M, less than about 1 .mu.M, less than about
500 nM, less than about 100 nM, or less than about 10 nM.
[0046] The terms "measurable affinity" and "measurably inhibit," as
used herein, means a measurable change in activity of at least one
bromodomain-containing protein between a sample comprising a
provided compound, or composition thereof, and at least one histone
methyltransferase, and an equivalent sample comprising at least one
bromodomain-containing protein, in the absence of said compound, or
composition thereof.
3. Description of Exemplary Compounds
[0047] In a first embodiment, the present invention provides a
compound of Formula (I),
##STR00004##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the
variables are as described above.
[0048] In a second embodiment, the compound of Formula (I) is of
Formula (Ia) or (Ib):
##STR00005##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the
variables in structural Formulae (Ia) and (Ib) are as described in
the first embodiment.
[0049] In a third embodiment, the compound of Formula (I) is of
Formula (II) or (III):
##STR00006##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the
variables in structural Formulae (II) and (III) are as described in
the first and second embodiment.
[0050] In a fourth embodiment, the compound of Formula (I) is of
Formula (IV) or (V):
##STR00007##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
[0051] Ring A is a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring or a
monocyclic partially saturated heterocyclic ring, each of which
having one to three heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen and oxygen;
[0052] each of p, m, and n are independently 0-2 as valency
permits;
[0053] R.sub.8 is independently optionally substituted phenyl,
halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy, --OR, --SR, --N(R').sub.2, --CN,
--NO.sub.2, --C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R, --C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--C(O)SR, --C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R, --C(S)N(R').sub.2,
--C(S)OR, --S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R, --SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')SO.sub.2R, --N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2;
and
[0054] b is 0-3, wherein the remaining variables of structural
Formulae (IV) and (V) are as described in the first, second, and
third embodiment.
[0055] In a fifth embodiment, compounds having the formulae
described above are of Formula (II):
##STR00008##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
[0056] R.sub.7 is optionally substituted phenyl, halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy, --OR, --SR,
--N(R').sub.2, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R,
--C(O)N(R').sub.2, --C(O)SR, --C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R,
--C(S)N(R').sub.2, --C(S)OR, --S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R,
--SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')SO.sub.2R,
--N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2,
wherein the remaining variables of structural Formulae (II) are as
described in the first, second, third, and fourth embodiment.
[0057] In a sixth embodiment, compounds having the formulae
described above are of Formula (VIII), (IX), or (X):
##STR00009##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the
variables are as described in the first, second, third, fourth, and
fifth embodiment.
[0058] Alternatively, Ring A in structural Formulae (I)-(X) is
pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridinonyl, or pyrazinyl,
wherein the remainder of the variables are as described in the
first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth embodiment.
[0059] In a seventh embodiment of compounds of the formulae
(I)-(X), R.sub.2 and R.sub.4, if present, are each independently
hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy,
--N(R').sub.2, --CO, halogen, --CN, --SR, --OH, or
--(CH.sub.2).sub.bR.sup.x;
[0060] R.sub.3 and R.sub.5, if present, are each independently
hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; or [0061] each of R.sub.2 and
R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are taken together with their
intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted 3-7 membered
cycloalkyl; and
[0062] X is CO, a covalent bond, or (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl; [0063]
each of R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are independently optionally
substituted phenyl, halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy, --OR, --SR, --N(R').sub.2, --CN,
--NO.sub.2, --C(O)R, --C(S)R, --CO.sub.2R, --C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--C(O)SR, --C(O)C(O)R, --C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R, --C(S)N(R').sub.2,
--C(S)OR, --S(O)R, --SO.sub.2R, --SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2, --N(R')C(S)N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')SO.sub.2R, --N(R')SO.sub.2N(R').sub.2, --N(R')N(R').sub.2,
--N(R')C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NN(R').sub.2, --C.dbd.NOR,
--C(.dbd.N(R'))N(R').sub.2, --OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2;
[0064] each R and R' are independently hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy, or phenyl
optionally substituted with one or more halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy, --CN,
--C(O)R, or --CO.sub.2R; and
[0065] R.sup.x is halogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)haloalkoxy, --OR, --SR, --CN, --N(R').sub.2,
--C(O)R, --CO.sub.2R, --C(O)N(R').sub.2, --C(O)C(O)R,
--C(O)CH.sub.2C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)R, --N(R')C(O)N(R').sub.2,
--OC(O)R, or --OC(O)N(R').sub.2; and the remaining variables are as
described in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth
embodiment.
[0066] In an eighth embodiment of compounds of the formulae
(I)-(X), R.sub.2 and R.sub.4, if present, are each independently
hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, --N(R').sub.2, --CO, or
--(CH.sub.2)R'.sub.2, (CH.sub.2)OH, (CH.sub.2)CN,
(CH.sub.2)CON(R').sub.2, or (CH.sub.2)COR'; [0067] R.sub.3 and
R.sub.5, if present, are each hydrogen; or [0068] R.sub.2 and
R.sub.3 taken together with their intervening atoms to form a 3-7
membered cycloalkyl;
[0069] R.sub.6 is halogen, --CN, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
--C(O)N(R').sub.2, or --SO.sub.2R;
[0070] R.sub.7 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy --C(O)N(R').sub.2, or --CN;
[0071] R.sub.8 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, halogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)haloalkoxy, --CN, --(CH.sub.2)NH.sub.2,
(CH.sub.2)OH, (CH.sub.2)CN, (CH.sub.2)CON(Me).sub.2, or
(CH.sub.2)CONH.sub.2; and
[0072] each R and R' are independently hydrogen or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl; and the remaining variables are as
described in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and
seventh embodiment.
[0073] In a ninth embodiment of compounds of the formulae (I)-(X),
R.sub.1 is methyl;
[0074] R.sub.2 is hydrogen, --NH.sub.2, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2OH, --CH.sub.2C(O)NH.sub.2,
--CH.sub.2C(O)N(Me).sub.2, or --CH.sub.2CN, or --CO; or [0075]
R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 taken together with their intervening atoms to
form a cyclopropyl; and
[0076] R.sub.4 is hydrogen;
[0077] X is a covalent bond;
[0078] R.sub.6 is halogen, --CN, (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl,
--C(O)NH.sub.2, or --SO.sub.2Me; [0079] R.sub.7 is
(C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, --C(O)NH.sub.2, halogen, or --CN; and
[0080] R.sub.8 is (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl, NH.sub.2, or
--(CH.sub.2)CONH.sub.2; and the remaining variables are as
described in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth,
seventh, and eighth embodiment.
[0081] In other embodiments, the present invention relates to
compounds as exemplified and pharmaceutically acceptable salts
thereof.
[0082] In some embodiments, compounds described herein are of a
formula selected from:
##STR00010## ##STR00011## ##STR00012## ##STR00013## ##STR00014##
##STR00015## ##STR00016##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0083] In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a
method of treating a patient (e.g., a human) with a disorder
modulated by a bromodomain-containing protein (such as a BET
protein, e.g., BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT) comprising the step
of administering to the patient an effective amount of the compound
with any compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt or composition thereof.
4. Uses, Formulation and Administration
[0084] Pharmaceutically Acceptable Compositions
[0085] According to another embodiment, the present invention
provides a method of treating a patient (e.g., a human) with a
disorder modulated by ROR.GAMMA. using a composition comprising a
compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,
adjuvant, or vehicle. In certain embodiments, the amount of
compound of Formula (I) in a provided composition is such that is
effective to measurably act as an inverse agonist or antagonist to
ROR.GAMMA., in a biological sample or in a patient. In certain
embodiments, a provided composition is formulated for
administration to a patient in need of such composition. In some
embodiments, a provided composition is formulated for oral
administration to a patient.
[0086] The term "patient," as used herein, means an animal, such as
a mammal, such as a human.
[0087] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or
vehicle" refers to a non-toxic carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle that
does not destroy the pharmacological activity of the compound with
which it is formulated. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers,
adjuvants or vehicles that may be used in the compositions of this
disclosure include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers,
alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human
serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine,
sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of
saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such
as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium
hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica,
magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based
substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers,
polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
[0088] Compositions described herein may be administered orally,
parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally,
buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir. The term
"parenteral" as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous,
intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal,
intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection
or infusion techniques.
[0089] Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, but are
not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions,
microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In
addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may
contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for
example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and
emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl
carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate,
propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in
particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and
sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene
glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.
Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include
adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending
agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
[0090] Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable
aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to
the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and
suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a
sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic
parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a
solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and
solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P.
and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed
oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including
synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as
oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.
[0091] Injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by
filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by
incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid
compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water
or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.
[0092] In order to prolong the effect of a provided compound, it is
often desirable to slow the absorption of the compound from
subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This may be accomplished
by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous
material with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the
compound then depends upon its rate of dissolution that, in turn,
may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively,
delayed absorption of a parenterally administered compound form is
accomplished by dissolving or suspending the compound in an oil
vehicle. Injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule
matrices of the compound in biodegradable polymers such as
polylactide-polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of compound to
polymer and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate
of compound release can be controlled. Examples of other
biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and
poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable formulations are also prepared
by entrapping the compound in liposomes or microemulsions that are
compatible with body tissues.
[0093] Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are
preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the
compounds of this invention with suitable non-irritating excipients
or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a
suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid
at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal
cavity and release the active compound.
[0094] Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules,
tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms,
the active compound is mixed with at least one inert,
pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium
citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such
as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid,
b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates,
gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, c) humectants
such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as agar-agar,
calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain
silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarding agents such
as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium
compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol
and glycerol monostearate, h) absorbents such as kaolin and
bentonite clay, and i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate,
magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl
sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and
pills, the dosage form may also comprise buffering agents.
[0095] Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as
fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such
excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular
weight polyethylene glycols and the like. The solid dosage forms of
tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared
with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other
coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may
optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a
composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or
preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract,
optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions
that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid
compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in
soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as
lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polethylene
glycols and the like.
[0096] Provided compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form
with one or more excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms
of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared
with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release
controlling coatings and other coatings well known in the
pharmaceutical formulating art. In such solid dosage forms the
active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such
as sucrose, lactose or starch. Such dosage forms may also comprise,
as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert
diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such
a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case of
capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise
buffering agents. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and
can also be of a composition that they release the active
ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the
intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of
embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric
substances and waxes.
[0097] Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a
compound of this invention include ointments, pastes, creams,
lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches.
The active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives or
buffers as may be required. Ophthalmic formulation, ear drops, and
eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this
invention. Additionally, the present invention contemplates the use
of transdermal patches, which have the added advantage of providing
controlled delivery of a compound to the body. Such dosage forms
can be made by dissolving or dispensing the compound in the proper
medium. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux
of the compound across the skin. The rate can be controlled by
either providing a rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the
compound in a polymer matrix or gel.
[0098] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions provided herein may
also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such
compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the
art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions
in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable
preservatives, absorption promotors to enhance bioavailability,
fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing
agents.
[0099] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions provided herein may
be formulated for oral administration. Such formulations may be
administered with or without food. In some embodiments,
pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this disclosure are
administered without food. In other embodiments, pharmaceutically
acceptable compositions of this disclosure are administered with
food.
[0100] The amount of provided compounds that may be combined with
carrier materials to produce a composition in a single dosage form
will vary depending upon the patient to be treated and the
particular mode of administration. Provided compositions may be
formulate such that a dosage of between 0.01-100 mg/kg body
weight/day of the inhibitor can be administered to a patient
receiving these compositions.
[0101] It should also be understood that a specific dosage and
treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a
variety of factors, including age, body weight, general health,
sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug
combination, the judgment of the treating physician, and the
severity of the particular disease being treated. The amount of a
provided compound in the composition will also depend upon the
particular compound in the composition.
[0102] Uses of Compounds and Pharmaceutically Acceptable
Compositions
[0103] Compounds and compositions described herein are generally
useful for the inhibition of activity of one or more proteins
involved in epigenetic regulation. Thus, in some embodiments, the
present invention provides a method of inhibiting one or more
proteins involved in epigenetic regulation, such as proteins
containing acetyl-lysine recognition motifs, also known as
bromodomains (e.g., BET proteins, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT), by administering a provided compound or composition.
[0104] Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene
expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the
underlying DNA sequence. Molecular mechanisms that play a role in
epigenetic regulation include DNA methylation and chromatin/histone
modifications. Chromatin recognition, in particular, is critical in
many epigenetic phenomena.
[0105] Chromatin, the organized assemblage of nuclear DNA and
histone proteins, is the basis for a multitude of vital nuclear
processes including regulation of transcription, replication,
DNA-damage repair and progression through the cell cycle. A number
of factors, such as chromatin-modifying enzymes, have been
identified that play an important role in maintaining the dynamic
equilibrium of chromatin (Margueron, et al. (2005) Curr. Opin.
Genet. Dev. 15:163-176).
[0106] Histones are the chief protein components of chromatin. They
act as spools around which DNA winds, and they play a role in gene
regulation. There are a total of six classes of histones (H1, H2A,
H2B, H3, H4, and H5) organized into two super classes: core
histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) and linker histones (H1 and H5).
The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, which consists of
about 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around the histone octamer,
consisting of two copies each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3,
and H4 (Luger, et al. (1997) Nature 389:251-260).
[0107] Histones, particularly residues of the amino termini of
histones H3 and H4 and the amino and carboxyl termini of histones
H2A, H2B and H1, are susceptible to a variety of post-translational
modifications including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation,
ribosylation sumoylation, ubiquitination, citrullination,
deimination, and biotinylation. The core of histones H2A and H3 can
also be modified. Histone modifications are integral to diverse
biological processes such as gene regulation, DNA repair, and
chromosome condensation.
[0108] One type of histone modification, lysine acetylation, is
recognized by bromodomain-containing proteins.
Bromodomain-containing proteins are components of transcription
factor complexes and determinants of epigenetic memory (Dey, et al.
(2009) Mol. Biol. Cell 20:4899-4909). There are 46 human proteins
containing a total of 57 bromodomains discovered to date. One
family of bromodomain-containing proteins, BET proteins (BRD2,
BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT) have been used to establish proof-of-concept
for targeting protein-protein interactions of epigenetic "readers,"
as opposed to chromatin-modifying enzymes, or so-called epigenetic
"writers" and "erasers" (Filippakopoulos, et al. "Selective
Inhibition of BET Bromodomains," (Nature, 2010, 468, 1067-1073);
Nicodeme, et al. "Suppression of Inflammation by a Synthetic
Histone Mimic," (Nature, 2010, 468, 1119-1123)).
[0109] Examples of proteins inhibited by the compounds and
compositions described herein and against which the methods
described herein are useful include bromodomain-containing
proteins, such as BET proteins, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT, or an isoform or mutant thereof.
[0110] The activity of a provided compound, or composition thereof,
as an inhibitor of a bromodomain-containing protein, such as a BET
protein, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT, or an isoform or
mutant thereof, may be assayed in vitro, in vivo, or in a cell
line. In vitro assays include assays that determine inhibition of
bromodomain-containing proteins, such as BET proteins, such as
BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT, or a mutant thereof. Alternatively,
inhibitor binding may be determined by running a competition
experiment where a provided compound is incubated with a
bromodomain-containing protein, such as a BET protein, such as
BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT bound to known ligands, labeled or
unlabeled. Detailed conditions for assaying a provided compound as
an inhibitor of a bromodomain-containing protein, such as a BET
protein, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT or a mutant thereof,
are set forth in the Examples below.
[0111] Acetylated histone recognition and bromodomain-containing
proteins (such as BET proteins) have been implicated in
proliferative disease. BRD4 knockout mice die shortly after
implantation and are compromised in their ability to maintain an
inner cell mass, and heterozygotes display pre- and postnatal
growth defects associated with reduced proliferation rates. BRD4
regulates genes expressed during M/G1, including growth-associated
genes, and remains bound to chromatin throughout the cell cycle
(Dey, et al. (2009) Mol. Biol. Cell 20:4899-4909). BRD4 also
physically associates with Mediator and P-TEFb (CDK9/cyclin T1) to
facilitate transcriptional elongation (Yang, et al. (2005) Oncogene
24:1653-1662; Yang, et al. (2005) Mol. Cell 19:535-545). CDK9 is a
validated target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and is
linked to c-Myc-dependent transcription (Phelps, et al. Blood
113:2637-2645; Rahl, et al. (2010) Cell 141:432-445).
[0112] BRD4 is translocated to the NUT protein in patients with
lethal midline carcinoma, an aggressive form of human squamous
carcinoma (French, et al. (2001) Am. J. Pathol. 159:1987-1992;
French, et al. (2003) Cancer Res. 63:304-307). In vitro analysis
with RNAi supports a causal role for BRD4 in this recurrent t(15;
19) chromosomal translocation. Pharmacologic inhibition of the BRD4
bromodomains results in growth arrest/differentiation of BRD4-NUT
cell lines in vitro and in vivo (Filippakopoulos, et al. "Selective
Inhibition of BET Bromodomains," (Nature, 2010, 468,
1067-1073)).
[0113] Bromodomain-containing proteins (such as BET proteins) have
also been implicated in inflammatory diseases. BET proteins (e.g.,
BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT) regulate assembly of histone
acetylation-dependent chromatin complexes that control inflammatory
gene expression (Hargreaves, et al. (2009) Cell 138:129-145; LeRoy,
et al. (2008) Mol. Cell 30:51-60; Jang, et al. (2005) Mol. Cell
19:523-534; Yang, et al. (2005) Mol. Cell 19:535-545). Key
inflammatory genes (secondary response genes) are down-regulated
upon bromodomain inhibition of the BET subfamily, and
non-responsive genes (primary response genes) are poised for
transcription. BET bromodomain inhibition protects against
LPS-induced endotoxic shock and bacteria-induced sepsis in vivo
(Nicodeme, et al. "Suppression of Inflammation by a Synthetic
Histone Mimic," (Nature, 2010, 468, 1119-1123)).
[0114] Bromodomain-containing proteins (such as BET proteins) also
play a role in viral disease. For example, BRD4 is implicated in
human papilloma virus (HPV). In the primary phase of HPV infection
of basal epithelia, the viral genome is maintained in an
extra-chromosomal episome. In some strains of HPV, BRD4 binding to
the HPV E2 protein functions to tether the viral genome to
chromosomes. E2 is critical for both the repression of E6/E7 and
the activation of HPV viral genes. Disruption of BRD4 or the
BRD4-E2 interaction blocks E2-dependent gene activation. BRD4 also
functions to tether other classes of viral genomes to host
chromatin (e.g., Herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus).
[0115] As used herein, the terms "treatment," "treat," and
"treating" refer to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of,
or inhibiting the progress of a disease or disorder, or one or more
symptoms thereof, as described herein. In some embodiments,
treatment may be administered after one or more symptoms have
developed, i.e., therapeutic treatment. In other embodiments,
treatment may be administered in the absence of symptoms. For
example, treatment may be administered to a susceptible individual
prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of
symptoms and/or in light of genetic or other susceptibility
factors), i.e., prophylactic treatment. Treatment may also be
continued after symptoms have resolved, for example to prevent or
delay their recurrence.
[0116] In certain embodiments, a provided compound inhibits one or
more of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, BRDT, and/or another member of the
bromodomain-containing proteins, or a mutant thereof. In some
embodiments, a provided compound inhibits two or more of BRD2,
BRD3, BRD4, BRDT, and/or another member of the
bromodomain-containing proteins, or a mutant thereof. Provided
compounds are inhibitors of one or more of the
bromodomain-containing proteins, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT and are therefore useful for treating one or more disorders
associated with activity of one or more of the
bromodomain-containing proteins, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT. Thus, in certain embodiments, the present invention provides
a method for treating a bromodomain-containing protein-mediated
disorder, such as a BET-mediated, a BRD2-mediated, a BRD3-mediated,
a BRD4-mediated disorder, and/or a BRDT-mediated disorder
comprising the step of inhibiting a bromodomain-containing protein,
such as a BET protein, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT, or a
mutant thereof, by administering to a patient in need thereof a
provided compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition
thereof.
[0117] As used herein, the terms "bromodomain-containing
protein-mediated", "BET-mediated", "BRD2-mediated",
"BRD3-mediated", "BRD4-mediated", and/or "BRDT-mediated" disorders
or conditions means any disease or other deleterious condition in
which one or more of the bromodomain-containing proteins, such as
BET proteins, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and/or BRDT, or a mutant
thereof, are known to play a role. Accordingly, another embodiment
of the present invention relates to treating or lessening the
severity of one or more diseases in which one or more of the
bromodomain-containing proteins, such as BET proteins, such as
BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT, or a mutant thereof, are known to
play a role.
[0118] Diseases and conditions treatable according to the methods
of this invention include, but are not limited to, cancer and other
proliferative disorders, inflammatory diseases, sepsis, autoimmune
disease, and viral infection. In one embodiment, a human patient is
treated with a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle, wherein said compound is
present in an amount to measurably inhibit bromodomain-containing
protein activity (such as BET protein, e.g., BRD2, BRD3, BRD4,
and/or BRDT) in the patient.
[0119] The invention further relates to a method for treating or
ameliorating cancer or another proliferative disorder by
administration of an effective amount of a compound according to
this invention to a mammal, in particular a human in need of such
treatment. In some aspects of the invention, the disease to be
treated by the methods of the present invention is cancer. Examples
of cancers treated using the compounds and methods described herein
include, but are not limited to, adrenal cancer, acinic cell
carcinoma, acoustic neuroma, acral lentigious melanoma,
acrospiroma, acute eosinophilic leukemia, acute erythroid leukemia,
acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia,
acute monocytic leukemia, actue promyelocytic leukemia,
adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenoma, adenomatoid
odontogenic tumor, adenosquamous carcinoma, adipose tissue
neoplasm, adrenocortical carcinoma, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma,
aggressive NK-cell leukemia, AIDS-related lymphoma, alveolar
rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, ameloblastic fibroma,
anaplastic large cell lymphoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer,
angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, angiomyolipoma, angiosarcoma,
astrocytoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, B-cell chronic
lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, B-cell
lymphoma, basal cell carcinoma, biliary tract cancer, bladder
cancer, blastoma, bone cancer, Brenner tumor, Brown tumor,
Burkitt's lymphoma, breast cancer, brain cancer, carcinoma,
carcinoma in situ, carcinosarcoma, cartilage tumor, cementoma,
myeloid sarcoma, chondroma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, choroid
plexus papilloma, clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney,
craniopharyngioma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, cervical cancer,
colorectal cancer, Degos disease, desmoplastic small round cell
tumor, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysembryoplastic
neuroepithelial tumor, dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, endocrine
gland neoplasm, endodermal sinus tumor, enteropathy-associated
T-cell lymphoma, esophageal cancer, fetus in fetu, fibroma,
fibrosarcoma, follicular lymphoma, follicular thyroid cancer,
ganglioneuroma, gastrointestinal cancer, germ cell tumor,
gestational choriocarcinoma, giant cell fibroblastoma, giant cell
tumor of the bone, glial tumor, glioblastoma multiforme, glioma,
gliomatosis cerebri, glucagonoma, gonadoblastoma, granulosa cell
tumor, gynandroblastoma, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, hairy
cell leukemia, hemangioblastoma, head and neck cancer,
hemangiopericytoma, hematological malignancy, hepatoblastoma,
hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, intestinal cancer, kidney
cancer, laryngeal cancer, lentigo maligna, lethal midline
carcinoma, leukemia, leydig cell tumor, liposarcoma, lung cancer,
lymphangioma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphoepithelioma, lymphoma, acute
lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogeous leukemia, chronic
lymphocytic leukemia, liver cancer, small cell lung cancer,
non-small cell lung cancer, MALT lymphoma, malignant fibrous
histiocytoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, malignant
triton tumor, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma,
mast cell leukemia, mediastinal germ cell tumor, medullary
carcinoma of the breast, medullary thyroid cancer, medulloblastoma,
melanoma, meningioma, merkel cell cancer, mesothelioma, metastatic
urothelial carcinoma, mixed Mullerian tumor, mucinous tumor,
multiple myeloma, muscle tissue neoplasm, mycosis fungoides, myxoid
liposarcoma, myxoma, myxosarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma,
neurinoma, neuroblastoma, neurofibroma, neuroma, nodular melanoma,
ocular cancer, oligoastrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, oncocytoma,
optic nerve sheath meningioma, optic nerve tumor, oral cancer,
osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, Pancoast tumor, papillary thyroid
cancer, paraganglioma, pinealoblastoma, pineocytoma, pituicytoma,
pituitary adenoma, pituitary tumor, plasmacytoma, polyembryoma,
precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, primary central nervous system
lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, preimary peritoneal cancer,
prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pseudomyxoma
periotonei, renal cell carcinoma, renal medullary carcinoma,
retinoblastoma, rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Richter's
transformation, rectal cancer, sarcoma, Schwannomatosis, seminoma,
Sertoli cell tumor, sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, signet ring
cell carcinoma, skin cancer, small blue round cell tumors, small
cell carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, somatostatinoma, soot wart,
spinal tumor, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, squamous cell
carcinoma, synovial sarcoma, Sezary's disease, small intestine
cancer, squamous carcinoma, stomach cancer, T-cell lymphoma,
testicular cancer, thecoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell
carcinoma, throat cancer, urachal cancer, urogenital cancer,
urothelial carcinoma, uveal melanoma, uterine cancer, verrucous
carcinoma, visual pathway glioma, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer,
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, Warthin's tumor, and Wilms'
tumor.
[0120] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method
of treating a benign proliferative disorder. Such benign
proliferative disorders include, but are not limited to, benign
soft tissue tumors, bone tumors, brain and spinal tumors, eyelid
and orbital tumors, granuloma, lipoma, meningioma, multiple
endocrine neoplasia, nasal polyps, pituitary tumors, prolactinoma,
pseudotumor cerebri, seborrheic keratoses, stomach polyps, thyroid
nodules, cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, hemangiomas, vocal cord
nodules, polyps, and cysts, Castleman disease, chronic pilonidal
disease, dermatofibroma, pilar cyst, pyogenic granuloma, and
juvenile polyposis syndrome.
[0121] The invention further relates to a method for treating
infectious and noninfectious inflammatory events and autoimmune and
other inflammatory diseases by administration of an effective
amount of a provided compound to a mammal, in particular a human in
need of such treatment. Examples of autoimmune and inflammatory
diseases, disorders, and syndromes treated using the compounds and
methods described herein include inflammatory pelvic disease,
urethritis, skin sunburn, sinusitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis,
meningitis, myocarditis, nephritis, osteomyelitis, myositis,
hepatitis, gastritis, enteritis, dermatitis, gingivitis,
appendicitis, pancreatitis, cholocystitus, agammaglobulinemia,
psoriasis, allergy, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome,
ulcerative colitis, Sjogren's disease, tissue graft rejection,
hyperacute rejection of transplanted organs, asthma, allergic
rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune
polyglandular disease (also known as autoimmune polyglandular
syndrome), autoimmune alopecia, pernicious anemia,
glomerulonephritis, dermatomyositis, multiple sclerosis,
scleroderma, vasculitis, autoimmune hemolytic and thrombocytopenic
states, Goodpasture's syndrome, athersclerosis, Addison's disease,
Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Type I diabetes, septic
shock, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis,
psoriatic arthritis, juvenile arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronic
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia,
myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, atopic dermatitis,
degenerative joint disease, vitiligo, autoimmune hypopituatarism,
Guillain-Barre syndrome, Behcet's disease, scleracierma, mycosis
fungoides, acute inflammatory responses (such as acute respiratory
distress syndrome and ischemia/reperfusion injury), and Graves'
disease.
[0122] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method
of treating systemic inflammatory response syndromes such as
LPS-induced endotoxic shock and/or bacteria-induced sepsis by
administration of an effective amount of a provided compound to a
mammal, in particular a human in need of such treatment.
[0123] The invention further relates to a method for treating viral
infections and diseases by administration of an effective amount of
a provided compound to a mammal, in particular a human in need of
such treatment. Examples of viral infections and diseases treated
using the compounds and methods described herein include
episome-based DNA viruses including, but not limited to, human
papillomavirus, Herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human
immunodeficiency virus, hepatis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.
[0124] The invention further provides a method of treating a
subject, such as a human, suffering from one of the abovementioned
conditions, illnesses, disorders or diseases. The method comprises
administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more
provided compounds, which function by inhibiting a bromodomain and,
in general, by modulating gene expression, to induce various
cellular effects, in particular induction or repression of gene
expression, arresting cell proliferation, inducing cell
differentiation and/or inducing apoptosis, to a subject in need of
such treatment.
[0125] The invention further provides a therapeutic method of
modulating protein methylation, gene expression, cell
proliferation, cell differentiation and/or apoptosis in vivo in
diseases mentioned above, in particular cancer, inflammatory
disease, and/or viral disease comprising administering to a subject
in need of such therapy a pharmacologically active and
therapeutically effective amount of one or more provided
compounds.
[0126] The invention further provides a method of regulating
endogenous or heterologous promoter activity by contacting a cell
with a provided compound.
[0127] The invention further relates to the use of provided
compounds for the production of pharmaceutical compositions which
are employed for the treatment and/or prophylaxis and/or
amelioration of the diseases, disorders, illnesses and/or
conditions as mentioned herein.
[0128] The invention further relates to the use of provided
compounds for the production of pharmaceutical compositions which
are employed for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases
and/or disorders responsive or sensitive to the inhibition of
bromodomain-containing proteins, particularly those diseases
mentioned above, such as e.g. cancer, inflammatory disease, viral
disease.
[0129] Compounds or compositions described herein may be
administered using any amount and any route of administration
effective for treating or lessening the severity of cancer or other
proliferative disorder. The exact amount required will vary from
subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and general
condition of the subject, the severity of the infection, the
particular agent, its mode of administration, and the like.
Provided compounds are preferably formulated in unit dosage form
for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. The expression
"unit dosage form" as used herein refers to a physically discrete
unit of agent appropriate for the patient to be treated. It will be
understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compounds
and compositions of the present disclosure will be decided by the
attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The
specific effective dose level for any particular patient or
organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the
disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the
activity of the specific compound employed; the specific
composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and
diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of
administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound
employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination
or coincidental with the specific compound employed, and like
factors well known in the medical arts.
[0130] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this disclosure
can be administered to humans and other animals orally, rectally,
parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally,
topically (as by powders, ointments, or drops), bucally, as an oral
or nasal spray, or the like, depending on the severity of the
infection being treated. In certain embodiments, provided compounds
may be administered orally or parenterally at dosage levels of
about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg and preferably from about 1
mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subject body weight per day, one or
more times a day, to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.
[0131] According to some embodiments, the invention relates to a
method of inhibiting bromodomain-containing proteins in a
biological sample comprising the step of contacting said biological
sample with a provided compound, or a composition thereof.
[0132] According to some embodiments, the invention relates to a
method of inhibiting a bromodomain-containing protein, such as a
BET protein, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and/or BRDT, or a mutant
thereof, activity in a biological sample comprising the step of
contacting said biological sample with a provided compound, or a
composition thereof.
[0133] The term "biological sample", as used herein, includes,
without limitation, cell cultures or extracts thereof, biopsied
material obtained from a mammal or extracts thereof, and blood,
saliva, urine, feces, semen, tears, or other body fluids or
extracts thereof.
[0134] Inhibition of activity of a protein, e.g., a
bromodomain-containing protein, such as a BET protein, such as
BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and/or BRDT, or a mutant thereof, in a biological
sample is useful for a variety of purposes that are known to one of
skill in the art. Examples of such purposes include, but are not
limited to, blood transfusion, organ-transplantation, biological
specimen storage, and biological assays.
[0135] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a
method of inhibiting activity of one or more bromodomain-containing
protein, such as a BET protein, such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or
BRDT, or a mutant thereof, in a patient comprising the step of
administering to said patient a provided compound, or a composition
comprising said compound. In certain embodiments, the present
invention provides a method for treating a disorder mediated by one
or more bromodomain-containing proteins, such as a BET protein,
such as BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and/or BRDT, or a mutant thereof, in a
patient in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to
said patient a provided compound or pharmaceutically acceptable
composition thereof. Such disorders are described in detail
herein.
[0136] Depending upon the particular condition, or disease, to be
treated, additional therapeutic agents that are normally
administered to treat that condition may also be present in the
compositions of this disclosure or administered separately as a
part of a dosage regimen. As used herein, additional therapeutic
agents that are normally administered to treat a particular
disease, or condition, are known as "appropriate for the disease,
or condition, being treated."
[0137] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an
epigenetic drug. As used herein, the term "epigenetic drug" refers
to a therapeutic agent that targets an epigenetic regulator.
Examples of epigenetic regulators include the histone lysine
methyltransferases, histone arginine methyl transferases, histone
demethylases, histone deacetylases, histone acetylases, and DNA
methyltransferases. Histone deacetylase inhibitors include, but are
not limited to, vorinostat.
[0138] Other therapies, chemotherapeutic agents, or other
anti-proliferative agents may be combined with a provided compound
to treat proliferative diseases and cancer. Examples of therapies
or anticancer agents that may be used in combination with compounds
of formula I include surgery, radiotherapy (e.g., gamma-Radiation,
neutron beam radiotherapy, electron beam radiotherapy, proton
therapy, brachytherapy, and systemic radioactive isotopes),
endocrine therapy, a biologic response modifier (e.g., an
interferon, an interleukin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF),
hyperthermia and cryotherapy, an agent to attenuate any adverse
effects (e.g., an antiemetic), and any other approved
chemotherapeutic drug.
[0139] A provided compound may also be used to advantage in
combination with one or more antiproliferative compounds. Such
antiproliferative compounds include an aromatase inhibitor; an
anti-estrogen; an anti-androgen; a gonadorelin agonist; a
topoisomerase I inhibitor; a topoisomerase II inhibitor; a
microtubule active agent; an alkylating agent; a retinoid, a
carontenoid, or a tocopherol; a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; an MMP
inhibitor; an mTOR inhibitor; an antimetabolite; a platin compound;
a methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor; a bisphosphonate; an
antiproliferative antibody; a heparanase inhibitor; an inhibitor of
Ras oncogenic isoforms; a telomerase inhibitor; a proteasome
inhibitor; a compound used in the treatment of hematologic
malignancies; a Flt-3 inhibitor; an Hsp90 inhibitor; a kinesin
spindle protein inhibitor; a MEK inhibitor; an antitumor
antibiotic; a nitrosourea; a compound targeting/decreasing protein
or lipid kinase activity, a compound targeting/decreasing protein
or lipid phosphatase activity, or any further anti-angiogenic
compound.
[0140] Exemplary aromatase inhibitors include steroids, such as
atamestane, exemestane and formestane, and non-steroids, such as
aminoglutethimide, roglethimide, pyridoglutethimide, trilostane,
testolactone, ketokonazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole and
letrozole.
[0141] Exemplary anti-estrogens include tamoxifen, fulvestrant,
raloxifene and raloxifene hydrochloride. Anti-androgens include,
but are not limited to, bicalutamide. Gonadorelin agonists include,
but are not limited to, abarelix, goserelin and goserelin
acetate.
[0142] Exemplary topoisomerase I inhibitors include topotecan,
gimatecan, irinotecan, camptothecin and its analogues,
9-nitrocamptothecin and the macromolecular camptothecin conjugate
PNU-166148. Topoisomerase II inhibitors include, but are not
limited to, the anthracyclines such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin,
epirubicin, idarubicin and nemorubicin, the anthraquinones
mitoxantrone and losoxantrone, and the podophillotoxines etoposide
and teniposide.
[0143] Exemplary microtubule active agents include microtubule
stabilizing, microtubule destabilizing compounds and microtublin
polymerization inhibitors including, but not limited to taxanes,
such as paclitaxel and docetaxel; vinca alkaloids, such as
vinblastine or vinblastine sulfate, vincristine or vincristine
sulfate, and vinorelbine; discodermolides; colchicine and
epothilones and derivatives thereof.
[0144] Exemplary alkylating agents include cyclophosphamide,
ifosfamide, melphalan or nitrosoureas such as carmustine and
lomustine.
[0145] Exemplary cyclooxygenase inhibitors include Cox-2
inhibitors, 5-alkyl substituted 2-arylaminophenylacetic acid and
derivatives, such as celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib
or a 5-alkyl-2-arylaminophenylacetic acid, such as lumiracoxib.
[0146] Exemplary matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors ("MMP
inhibitors") include collagen peptidomimetic and nonpeptidomimetic
inhibitors, tetracycline derivatives, batimastat, marimastat,
prinomastat, metastat, BMS-279251, BAY 12-9566, TAA211, MMI270B,
and AAJ996.
[0147] Exemplary mTOR inhibitors include compounds that inhibit the
mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and possess antiproliferative
activity such as sirolimus, everolimus, CCI-779, and ABT578.
[0148] Exemplary antimetabolites include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU),
capecitabine, gemcitabine, DNA demethylating compounds, such as
5-azacytidine and decitabine, methotrexate and edatrexate, and
folic acid antagonists such as pemetrexed.
[0149] Exemplary platin compounds include carboplatin, cis-platin,
cisplatinum, and oxaliplatin.
[0150] Exemplary methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors include
bengamide or a derivative thereof and PPI-2458.
[0151] Exemplary bisphosphonates include etridonic acid, clodronic
acid, tiludronic acid, pamidronic acid, alendronic acid, ibandronic
acid, risedronic acid and zoledronic acid.
[0152] Exemplary antiproliferative antibodies include trastuzumab,
trastuzumab-DM1, cetuximab, bevacizumab, rituximab, PRO64553, and
2C4. The term"antibody" is meant to include intact monoclonal
antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed
from at least two intact antibodies, and antibody fragments, so
long as they exhibit the desired biological activity.
[0153] Exemplary heparanase inhibitors include compounds that
target, decrease or inhibit heparin sulfate degradation, such as
PI-88 and OGT2115.
[0154] The term "an inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms," such as
H-Ras, K-Ras, or N-Ras, as used herein refers to a compound which
targets, decreases, or inhibits the oncogenic activity of Ras; for
example, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor such as L-744832,
DK8G557, tipifarnib, and lonafarnib.
[0155] Exemplary telomerase inhibitors include compounds that
target, decrease or inhibit the activity of telomerase, such as
compounds which inhibit the telomerase receptor, such as
telomestatin.
[0156] Exemplary proteasome inhibitors include compounds that
target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the proteasome
including, but not limited to, bortezomib.
[0157] The phrase "compounds used in the treatment of hematologic
malignancies" as used herein includes FMS-like tyrosine kinase
inhibitors, which are compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting
the activity of FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptors (Flt-3R);
interferon, 1-.beta.-D-arabinofuransylcytosine (ara-c) and
bisulfan; and ALK inhibitors, which are compounds which target,
decrease or inhibit anaplastic lymphoma kinase.
[0158] Exemplary Flt-3 inhibitors include PKC412, midostaurin, a
staurosporine derivative, SU11248 and MLN518.
[0159] Exemplary HSP90 inhibitors include compounds targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90;
degrading, targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the HSP90 client
proteins via the ubiquitin proteosome pathway. Compounds targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90 are
especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit the
ATPase activity of HSP90, such as 17-allylamino,
17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), a geldanamycin derivative; other
geldanamycin related compounds; radicicol and HDAC inhibitors.
[0160] The phrase "a compound targeting/decreasing a protein or
lipid kinase activity; or a protein or lipid phosphatase activity;
or any further anti-angiogenic compound" as used herein includes a
protein tyrosine kinase and/or serine and/or threonine kinase
inhibitor or lipid kinase inhibitor, such as a) a compound
targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the
platelet-derived growth factor-receptors (PDGFR), such as a
compound which targets, decreases, or inhibits the activity of
PDGFR, such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivatives, such as
imatinib, SU101, SU6668 and GFB-111; b) a compound targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the fibroblast growth
factor-receptors (FGFR); c) a compound targeting, decreasing or
inhibiting the activity of the insulin-like growth factor receptor
I (IGF-IR), such as a compound which targets, decreases, or
inhibits the activity of IGF-IR; d) a compound targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Trk receptor tyrosine
kinase family, or ephrin B4 inhibitors; e) a compound targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Ax1 receptor tyrosine
kinase family; f) a compound targeting, decreasing or inhibiting
the activity of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase; g) a compound
targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Kit/SCFR
receptor tyrosine kinase, such as imatinib; h) a compound
targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the c-Kit
receptor tyrosine kinases, such as imatinib; i) a compound
targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of members of the
c-Abl family, their gene-fusion products (e.g. Bcr-Abl kinase) and
mutants, such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, such as
imatinib or nilotinib; PD180970; AG957; NSC 680410; PD173955; or
dasatinib; j) a compound targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the
activity of members of the protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf family of
serine/threonine kinases, members of the MEK, SRC, JAK, FAK, PDK1,
PKB/Akt, and Ras/MAPK family members, and/or members of the
cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK), such as a staurosporine
derivative disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,330, such as
midostaurin; examples of further compounds include UCN-01,
safingol, BAY 43-9006, bryostatin 1, perifosine; ilmofosine; RO
318220 and RO 320432; GO 6976; lsis 3521; LY333531/LY379196; a
isochinoline compound; a farnesyl transferase inhibitor; PD184352
or QAN697, or AT7519; k) a compound targeting, decreasing or
inhibiting the activity of a protein-tyrosine kinase, such as
imatinib mesylate or a tyrphostin such as Tyrphostin A23/RG-50810;
AG 99; Tyrphostin AG 213; Tyrphostin AG 1748; Tyrphostin AG 490;
Tyrphostin B44; Tyrphostin B44 (+) enantiomer; Tyrphostin AG 555;
AG 494; Tyrphostin AG 556, AG957 and adaphostin
(4-{[(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino}-benzoic acid adamantyl
ester; NSC 680410, adaphostin); 1) a compound targeting, decreasing
or inhibiting the activity of the epidermal growth factor family of
receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 as homo- or
heterodimers) and their mutants, such as CP 358774, ZD 1839, ZM
105180; trastuzumab, cetuximab, getfitinib, erlotinib, OSI-774,
C1-1033, EKB-569, GW-2016, antibodies E1.1, E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4,
E2.11, E6.3 and E7.6.3, and 7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidine
derivatives; and m) a compound targeting, decreasing or inhibiting
the activity of the c-Met receptor.
[0161] Exemplary compounds that target, decrease or inhibit the
activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase include inhibitors of
phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, or CDC25, such as okadaic acid or a
derivative thereof.
[0162] Further anti-angiogenic compounds include compounds having
another mechanism for their activity unrelated to protein or lipid
kinase inhibition, e.g. thalidomide and TNP-470.
[0163] Additional exemplary chemotherapeutic compounds, one or more
of which may be used in combination with provided compounds,
include: daunorubicin, adriamycin, Ara-C, VP-16, teniposide,
mitoxantrone, idarubicin, carboplatinum, PKC412, 6-mercaptopurine
(6-MP), fludarabine phosphate, octreotide, SOM230, FTY720,
6-thioguanine, cladribine, 6-mercaptopurine, pentostatin,
hydroxyurea, 2-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione derivatives,
1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine succinate,
angiostatin, endostain, anthranilic acid amides, ZD4190, ZD6474,
SU5416, SU6668, bevacizumab, rhuMAb, rhuFab, macugon; FLT-4
inhibitors, FLT-3 inhibitors, VEGFR-2 IgGI antibody, RPI 4610,
bevacizumab, porfimer sodium, anecortave, triamcinolone,
hydrocortisone, 11-.alpha.-epihydrocotisol, cortexolone,
17.alpha.-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone,
desoxycorticosterone, testosterone, estrone, dexamethasone,
fluocinolone, a plant alkaloid, a hormonal compound and/or
antagonist, a biological response modifier, such as a lymphokine or
interferon, an antisense oligonucleotide or oligonucleotide
derivative, shRNA or siRNA, or a miscellaneous compound or compound
with other or unknown mechanism of action.
[0164] For a more comprehensive discussion of updated cancer
therapies see, The Merck Manual, Seventeenth Ed. 1999, the entire
contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. See also
the National Cancer Institute (CNI) website (www.nci.nih.gov) and
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website for a list of the
FDA approved oncology drugs.
[0165] Other examples of agents, one or more of which a provided
compound may also be combined with include: a treatment for
Alzheimer's Disease such as donepezil and rivastigmine; a treatment
for Parkinson's Disease such as L-DOPA/carbidopa, entacapone,
ropinrole, pramipexole, bromocriptine, pergolide, trihexephendyl,
and amantadine; an agent for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) such
as beta interferon (e.g., Avonex.RTM. and Rebif.RTM.), glatiramer
acetate, and mitoxantrone; a treatment for asthma such as albuterol
and montelukast; an agent for treating schizophrenia such as
zyprexa, risperdal, seroquel, and haloperidol; an anti-inflammatory
agent such as a corticosteroid, a TNF blocker, IL-1 RA,
azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and sulfasalazine; an
immunomodulatory agent, including immunosuppressive agents, such as
cyclosporin, tacrolimus, rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil, an
interferon, a corticosteroid, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and
sulfasalazine; a neurotrophic factor such as an
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, an MAO inhibitor, an interferon, an
anti-convulsant, an ion channel blocker, riluzole, or an
anti-Parkinson's agent; an agent for treating cardiovascular
disease such as a beta-blocker, an ACE inhibitor, a diuretic, a
nitrate, a calcium channel blocker, or a statin; an agent for
treating liver disease such as a corticosteroid, cholestyramine, an
interferon, and an anti-viral agent; an agent for treating blood
disorders such as a corticosteroid, an anti-leukemic agent, or a
growth factor; or an agent for treating immunodeficiency disorders
such as gamma globulin.
[0166] The above-mentioned compounds, one or more of which can be
used in combination with a provided compound, can be prepared and
administered as described in the art.
[0167] Provided compounds can be administered alone or in
combination with one or more other therapeutic compounds, possible
combination therapy taking the form of fixed combinations or the
administration of a provided compound and one or more other
therapeutic compounds being staggered or given independently of one
another, or the combined administration of fixed combinations and
one or more other therapeutic compounds. Provided compounds can
besides or in addition be administered especially for tumor therapy
in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy,
phototherapy, surgical intervention, or a combination of these.
Long-term therapy is equally possible as is adjuvant therapy in the
context of other treatment strategies, as described above. Other
possible treatments are therapy to maintain the patient's status
after tumor regression, or even chemopreventive therapy, for
example in patients at risk.
[0168] Such additional agents may be administered separately from a
composition containing a provided compound, as part of a multiple
dosage regimen. Alternatively, those agents may be part of a single
dosage form, mixed together with a provided compound in a single
composition. If administered as part of a multiple dosage regimen,
the two active agents may be submitted simultaneously, sequentially
or within a period of time from one another normally within five
hours from one another.
[0169] As used herein, the term "combination," "combined," and
related terms refers to the simultaneous or sequential
administration of therapeutic agents in accordance with this
invention. For example, a provided compound may be administered
with another therapeutic agent simultaneously or sequentially in
separate unit dosage forms or together in a single unit dosage
form. Accordingly, an embodiment of the invention provides a single
unit dosage form comprising a provided compound, an additional
therapeutic agent, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,
adjuvant, or vehicle for use in the methods of the invention.
[0170] The amount of both, a provided compound and additional
therapeutic agent (in those compositions which comprise an
additional therapeutic agent as described above) that may be
combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form
will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode
of administration. Preferably, compositions should be formulated
such that a dosage of between 0.01-100 mg/kg body weight/day of a
provided compound can be administered.
[0171] In those compositions which comprise an additional
therapeutic agent, that additional therapeutic agent and the
provided compound may act synergistically. Therefore, the amount of
additional therapeutic agent in such compositions will be less than
that required in a monotherapy utilizing only that therapeutic
agent. In such compositions a dosage of between 0.01-1,000 .mu.g/kg
body weight/day of the additional therapeutic agent can be
administered.
[0172] The amount of additional therapeutic agent present in the
compositions of this disclosure will be no more than the amount
that would normally be administered in a composition comprising
that therapeutic agent as the only active agent. Preferably the
amount of additional therapeutic agent in the presently disclosed
compositions will range from about 50% to 100% of the amount
normally present in a composition comprising that agent as the only
therapeutically active agent.
[0173] Provided compounds, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof,
may also be incorporated into compositions for coating an
implantable medical device, such as prostheses, artificial valves,
vascular grafts, stents and catheters. Vascular stents, for
example, have been used to overcome restenosis (re-narrowing of the
vessel wall after injury). However, patients using stents or other
implantable devices risk clot formation or platelet activation.
These unwanted effects may be prevented or mitigated by pre-coating
the device with a pharmaceutically acceptable composition
comprising a provided compound. Implantable devices coated with a
compound of this invention are another embodiment of the present
invention.
EXEMPLIFICATION
[0174] As depicted in the Examples below, in certain exemplary
embodiments, compounds are prepared according to the following
general procedures. It will be appreciated that, although the
general methods depict the synthesis of certain compounds of the
present invention, the following general methods, and other methods
known to one of ordinary skill in the art, can be applied to all
compounds and subclasses and species of each of these compounds, as
described herein.
Preparation of Compounds of Formula I
Example 1
Synthesis of 1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic
acid
##STR00017##
[0176] To a vigorously stirred solution of ethyl
2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetate (17.83 g, 105 mmol) in toluene
(180 mL) was sequentially added tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (3.69
g, 11.45 mmol), 1,2-dibromoethane (15.0 mL, 174 mmol), and 50%
sodium hydroxide (55.0 mL, 1067 mmol). The reaction mixture was
vigorously stirred at room temperature. After 24 h, organic layer
was removed, the aqueous layer was subsequently cooled to 0.degree.
C., and acidified to pH 1 with 6 N HCl. The reaction mixture turned
heterogeneous and the product precipitated out of solution. The
solids were filtered, washed with water (3.times.250 mL), and dried
to give 1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (13.39
g, 80 mmol, 76% yield) as white solids. m/z (ESI) 168
[M+H].sup.+.
General procedure for alkylation of 2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetic
acid
##STR00018##
[0178] To a round-bottomed flask charged with
2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid (1 eq.) and THF (.about.0.2 M)
at -78.degree. C. was added nBuLi (2.2 eq.) and the solution
stirred at -78.degree. C. for 5 min before warming to 0.degree. C.
for 20 min. After 20 min, the solution was cooled to -78.degree. C.
and alkyl halide (.about.2 eq.) was added and the solution stirred
for 1 h at -78.degree. C. This solution was quenched via the
addition of sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3 and diluted with ether. The layers
were separated and the aqueous layer was washed with ether
(1.times.). The ether layer was discarded and the aqueous phase was
acidified with 1N HCl before extracting with EtOAc. The combined
organics layer was washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4,
filtered, and concentrated to afford the alkylated isoxazole in
sufficient purity to be used directly in the next step.
General scheme for synthesis of isoxazole-azepines
##STR00019##
[0179] Step 1: General Procedure for Amide Bond Formation
##STR00020##
[0181] To a suspension of the appropriate isoxazole carboxylic acid
(1 eq.) in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (.about.1 M) was sequentially added DMF
(0.1 eq.) and oxalyl chloride (1.1 eq.) dropwise. Vigorous gas
evolution was observed and stirring was continued for 30 min after
bubbling ceased. This mixture was cooled in an ice bath and diluted
with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (.about.0.2 M final conc.) before addition of
the bromo-aniline (1 eq.). To this heterogeneous mixture was slowly
added Et.sub.3N (1 eq.) and the reaction was warmed to room
temperature and stirred until complete (.about.2h) as judged by
LCMS. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and Water.
The biphasic mixture was filtered over a pad of Celite to
facilitate phase separation. The aqueous phase was extracted with
EtOAc (3.times.). The combined organic extracts were washed with
water, brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and
concentrated to afford the crude residue. The crude residue was
triturated with EtOAc:Hex (1:5) and filtered to afford the desired
aniline as dark brown solids. Alternatively, the crude product
could be purified via silica gel chromatography to afford the
desired amide (50%).
Step 2: General Procedure for Amide Reduction
##STR00021##
[0183] To a solution of the isoxazole-amide (1 eq.) in THF
(.about.0.3 M) was added BH.sub.3.THF (2 eq.). The reaction vessel
was fitted with a reflux condenser and heated to reflux until the
reaction was complete as judged by LCMS (.about.2 h). The solution
was then cooled to room temperature before dropwise addition of
MeOH (caution gas evolution). After bubbling had ceased the
solution was heated to 65.degree. C. for 2h. The solution was
cooled to room temperature and concentrated. The crude residue was
purified via silica gel chromatography to afford the desired
aniline (50%).
Step 3: General Procedure for Cyclization
##STR00022##
[0185] A resealable vial was charged with isoxazole-aniline (1
eq.), KOAc (2 eq.), tetrabutylammonium chloride (1 eq.), and a
stirbar. The vial was sealed before being evacuated/purged with
N.sub.2 (3.times.). The solids were suspended in DMAc (.about.0.3
M), and the mixture was stirred at 135.degree. C. until complete as
judged by LCMS (2-8 h). The solution was then cooled to room
temperature and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The aqueous
layer was acidified with 1N HCl (pH .about.1) and extracted with
EtOAc (3.times.). The combined organics layer was washed with sat.
aq. NaHCO.sub.3 and brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered,
and concentrated. The crude residue was purified via silica gel
chromatography to afford the cyclized product (.about.30-60%).
Step 4: General Procedure for C--N Bond Formation
##STR00023##
[0187] A resealable vial was charged with isoxazole azepine (1
eq.), aryl iodide (1.3 eq.),
chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-di-i-propoxy-1,1'-biphenyl)[2-(2-ami-
noethylphenyl)]palladium(H) [CAS 1028206-60-1] (0.02 eq.), cesium
carbonate (2.4 eq.), and a stirbar before being
evacuated/backfilled with N.sub.2 (3.times.). To this vial was
added dioxane (0.1 M) and the mixture was heated to 100.degree. C.
until complete as judged by LCMS (generally 2-10 h). The solution
was then cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc. The
mixture was filtered over celite and the filtrate concentrated. The
crude residue was purified via silica gel chromatography to afford
the desired isoxazole azepine. (70-95%).
Example 2
Synthesis of
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine (100)
##STR00024##
[0189] This compound was synthesized following the general
procedures outlined above starting from
2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid and 2-bromoaniline LC/MS: 201
[M+1].
Example 3
Compounds 101-108 were Synthesized Following the General Procedures
Outlined Above
TABLE-US-00001 [0190] Compound # Formula NMR LCMS 101 ##STR00025##
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 7.84-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.31
(m, 3H), 7.15 (d, J = 9.16 Hz, 2H), 6.72 (d, J = 9.16 Hz, 2H), 3.92
(t, J = 6.18 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (t, J = 6.18 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H) 311
102 ##STR00026## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 7.85 (dd, J
= 1.37, 7.78 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.93 Hz, 2H), 7.50-7.35 (m, 3H),
6.82 (d, J = 8.01 Mz, 2H), 4.28- 3.87 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.27 (m, 2H),
2.45 (s, 3H) 302 103 ##STR00027## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)
.delta. 7.65 (d, J = 7.78 Hz, 3H), 7.48-7.19 (m, 4H), 4.73-4.53 (m,
1H), 3.55- 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.21 (dd, J = 3.55, 17.51 Hz, 1H), 2.41
(s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H) 457 104 ##STR00028## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.85 (dd, J = 1.9, 8.1 Hz, 1 H),
7.82 (d, J = 0.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.47-7.39 (m,
4 H), 7.39 (s, 1 H), 3.82 (s, 3 H), 2.53 (s, 3 H), 1.28 (d, J =
10.2 Hz, 4 H) 328 105 ##STR00029## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)
.delta. 7.74-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.22 (m, 1H),
7.16-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.83-6.76 (m, 2H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H),
1.23 (s, 4H) 337 106 ##STR00030## 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta.
7.63 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 9.14 Hz, 2H), 7.27-7.19 (m, 2H),
6.84-6.76 (m, 2H), 4.12-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.30 (br. s., 2H), 2.45 (s,
3H), 2.42 (s, 3H) 316 107 ##STR00031## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d6) .delta. 7.79-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.24 Hz, 1H), 7.57
(dd, J = 0.57, 1.95 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (dtd, J = 1.60, 7.41, 18.83 Hz,
2H), 6.54 (dd, J = 1.49, 7.90 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (br. s., 2H), 3.13 (t,
J = 5.84 Hz, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 1.56 (s, 3H) 316 108 ##STR00032##
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.28 (d, J = 1.87 Hz, 1H),
7.84 (dd, J = 1.87, 8.31 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (dd, J = 1.87, 8.52 Hz, 3H),
6.92 (d, J = 8.93 Hz, 2H), 4.03 (d, J = 3.95 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (t, J =
6.02 Hz, 2H), 2.53-2.47 (m, 3H) 327
[0191] General Suzuki coupling protocol.
##STR00033##
[0192] To a resealable vial charged with chloro-aniline (1 eq.,
accessible following the general synthetic scheme) was added
Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (0.02 eq.), tri-tert-butylphosphonium
tetrafluoroborate (0.04 eq.), potassium phosphate hydrate (2.4
eq.), and boronic acid/boronic ester reagent (2-3 eq.). The vial
was sealed and evacuated/backfilled with N.sub.2 (3.times.) before
addition of 20:1 dioxane:water (0.2 M) and heating the solution to
100.degree. C. until complete as judged by LCMS (generally 1-2 h).
The reaction was cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc.
The mixture was filtered over Celite and the filtrate concentrated.
The crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography to
afford the coupled isoxazole azepine products. (50-85%)
Example 4
Compounds 109-125 were Synthesized According to the General
Procedures
TABLE-US-00002 [0193] Compound # Formula NMR LCMS 109 ##STR00034##
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 9.24-9.16 (m, 3H), 8.04-7.97
(m, 1H), 7.95-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.55 (d, J = 8.93 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (d, J =
8.31 Hz, 2H), 4.30-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.35 (br. s., 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H)
380 110 ##STR00035## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.23
(s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J = 0.62 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.31 Hz, 1H), 7.64
(dd, J = 1.87, 8.31 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J = 1.66 Hz, 1H),7.54 (d, J =
9.14 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.10 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.35-3.27
(m, 2H), 2.46 (s, 3H) 382 111 ##STR00036## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d6) .delta. 7.94 (d, J = 8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J = 9.14 Hz,
2H), 7.50 (dd, J = 1.97, 8.21 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 1.87 Hz, 1H),
6.90 (d, J = 8.31 Hz, 2H), 4.27- 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.32 (m, 2H),
2.49 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H) 397 112 ##STR00037## 1H
NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 9.27-9.21 (m, 2H), 8.18 (d, J = 2.08
Hz, 2H), 7.86 (d, J = 2.08 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 2.28 Hz, 1H),
7.62- 7.52 (m, 3H), 6.93-6.86 (m, 2H), 4.15-3.99 (m, 2H), 3.34 (t,
J = 6.23 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (s, 3H) 380 113 ##STR00038## .sup.1H NMR
(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 7.75 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.56 (d, J =
9.1 Hz, 2 H), 7.50- 7.41 (m, 3 H), 6.88 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2 H), 4.02
(d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2 H), 2.50 (s, 6 H), 2.32 (s, 3 H) 397 114
##STR00039## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.26 (s, 1H),
7.97 (d, J = 0.83 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J = 2.08 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (dd, J =
2.08, 8.10 Hz, 1H), 7.56-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.31 Hz, 1H),
6.85 (d, J = 8.10 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.57 (s, 2H), 2.52 (s, 3H)
382 115 ##STR00040## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 13.15-
12.83 (m, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 8.31 Hz, 2H), 7.98 (d, J = 8.31 Hz,
1H), 7.90- 7.83 (m, 3H), 7.77 (d, J = 2.08 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J =
8.93 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.31 Hz, 2H), 4.29-3.89 (m, 2H), 2.51
(s, 3H) 422 116 ##STR00041## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta.
8.38 (d, J = 2.14 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (dd, J = 2.29, 9.31 Hz, 1H), 8.03
(br. s., 2H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.24 Hz, 1H), 7.79-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.55
(d, J = 9.00 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J = 9.16 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.93
Hz, 2H), 4.33- 3.84 (m, 2H), 3.34 (br. s., 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H) 395
117 ##STR00042## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.25 (d, J
= 2.29 Hz, 1H), 7.93- 7.84 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.55 (d, J =
8.93 Hz, 2H), 6.87 (d, J = 7.06 Hz, 2H), 6.47 (d, J = 9.35 Hz, 1H),
4.33 (br. s., 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.32 (br. s., 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H)
409 118 ##STR00043## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone) .delta. 7.85
(s, 1 H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2 H), 7.63 (s, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J =
8.2 Hz, 2 H), 7.42- 7.22 (m, 1 H), 6.28- 6.08 (m, 1 H), 4.69 (m, 1
H), 3.94 (s, 3 H), 3.90 (m., 1 H), 3.37-3.23 (m, 1 H), 2.44 (s, 3
H), 2.17 (s, 3 H), 1.43-1.32 (m, 3 H) 410 119 ##STR00044## .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d,
J = 8.31 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J = 8.72 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s,
1H), 7.02-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.76 (d, J = 8.52 Hz, 2H), 4.11-3.96 (m,
2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.30 (br. s., 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H) 400 120
##STR00045## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.97- 8.97 (m,
1 H), 8.24 (s, 1 H), 7.94 (s, 1 H), 7.82 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H),
7.70- 7.55 (m, 4 H), 6.92 (br. s., 2 H), 4.29-3.94 (m, 2 H), 3.88
(s, 3 H), 3.32- 3.24 (m, 2 H), 3.09 (s, 3 H), 2.47 (s, 3 H) 435 121
##STR00046## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.22 (s, 1 H),
7.92 (s, 1 H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.67- 7.43 (m, 4 H),
6.96- 6.74 (m, 2 H), 4.64- 4.42 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (s, 3 H), 3.56 (m, 2
H), 2.44 (s, 3 H), 1.88-1.69 (m, 2 H), 0.91 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3 H)
410 122 ##STR00047## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.23
(d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.9- 7.82 (m, 2 H), 7.71- 7.61 (m, 2 H), 7.54
(d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2 H), 6.87 (br. s., 2 H), 6.46 (d, J = 9.8 Hz, 1
H), 4.64-4.45 (m, 1 H), 3.67-3.57 (m, 2 H), 3.53-3.41 (s, 3 H),
2.45 (s, 3 H), 1.79 (dd, J = 7.3, 13.9 Hz, 2 H), 0.91 (t, J = 7.4
Hz, 3 H) 437 123 ##STR00048## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta. 8.30 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.74
(dd, J = 2.6, 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.66 (dd, J = 2.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.57
(d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2 H), 7.02-6.85 (m, 2
H), 6.51 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 6.15 (s, 2 H), 4.60-4.44 (m, 1 H),
3.69-3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.30 (s, 1 H), 2.47 (s, 3 H), 1.32 (d, J = 6.9
Hz, 3 H) 408 124 ##STR00049## .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6)
.delta. 8.23 (s, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H),
7.63 (dd, J = 1.9, 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.58 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.55
(d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2 H), 6.91 (br. s., 2 H), 4.52 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1
H), 3.84 (s, 3 H), 3.69- 3.54 (m, 1 H), 3.32- 3.18 (m, 1 H), 2.46
(s, 3 H), 1.31 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3 H) 396 125 ##STR00050## .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 8.25 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1 H),
7.92-7.83 (m, 2 H), 7.70-7.62 (m, 2 H), 7.55 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2 H),
6.92 (br. s., 2 H), 6.47 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.63-4.44 (m, 1 H),
3.71-3.54 (m, 1 H), 3.49 (s, 3 H), 3.29-3.19 (m, 1 H), 2.47 (s, 3
H), 1.32 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3 H) 423
Example 5
Synthesis of
6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine-
-9-carboxamide (126)
##STR00051##
[0194] Step 1: Synthesis of ethyl
6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine-
-9-carboxylate
##STR00052##
[0196] A disposable tube was charged with
4-(9-chloro-1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitr-
ile (available following the general isoxazole azepine synthesis)
(104 mg, 0.310 mmol), dcpp (18.96 mg, 0.031 mmol), PdOAc.sub.2
(3.48 mg, 0.015 mmol), K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (86 mg, 0.619 mmol), and a
stirbar before being evacuated and backfilled with CO (g) three
times. DMF (1 mL) was added, followed by ethanol (36.2 .mu.l, 0.619
mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 100.degree. C. overnight. The
reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, filtered, washed
three times with brine, concentrated with Celite, and purified by
silica gel chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl
acetate/isopropanol) to yield ethyl
6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine-
-9-carboxylate (17 mg, 0.14 mmol) as a colorless oil. LC/MS: 374
[M+1].
Step 2: Synthesis of
6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine-
-9-carboxylic acid
##STR00053##
[0198] A disposable tube was charged with ethyl
6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine-
-9-carboxylate (20 mg, 0.054 mmol) and a stirbar. 1:1 THF: methanol
(1 mL) was added, followed by sodium hydroxide (107 .mu.l, 0.107
mmol), and the solution was stirred at 50.degree. C. At 2 h, the
mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, and the aqueous layer was
acidified to pH 1 with 1 N HCl. The product was extracted three
times from the aqueous layer, dried with sodium sulfate, and
concentrated to yield
6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine-
-9-carboxylic acid (yield not determined) as a milky film. LC/MS:
346 [M+1].
Step 3: Synthesis of
6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine-
-9-carboxamide
##STR00054##
[0200] A disposable reaction was charged with
6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine-
-9-carboxylic acid (20 mg, 0.058 mmol), ammonium chloride (21.68
mg, 0.405 mmol), and a stirbar. DMF (5 mL, 0.01 M) was added,
followed by Hunig's base (50.6 .mu.l, 0.290 mmol), and the mixture
was cooled to 0.degree. C. for the addition of COMU (37.2 mg, 0.087
mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight before
being diluted with water and purified by reverse-phase HPLC
(eluting with water/acetonitrile/0.1% TFA) to yield
6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5--
d]azepine-9-carboxamide (3 mg) as a white amorphous solid. .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.29 (d, J=1.87 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (br.
s., 1H), 7.89 (dd, J=2.08, 8.31 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=8.93 Hz, 2H),
7.52 (br. s., 1H), 7.46 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.93 Hz,
2H), 4.03 (br. s., 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H). m/z (ESI) 345
[M+H].sup.+.
Example 6
Synthesis of
1,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine
(127)
##STR00055##
[0202] A round bottomed flask was charged with sodium hydride (25
mg, 0.625 mmol) and a stirbar. DMF (3 mL) was added, followed by
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine (45 mg,
0.225 mmol) in DMF (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at room
temperature 1 h before the addition of excess iodomethane, and the
mixture was heated to 50.degree. C. overnight before being diluted
with ethyl acetate, washed three times with brine, and dried with
sodium sulfate. The residue was purified by silica gel
chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate) to yield
1,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine (23 mg,
0.11 mmol) as a white amorphous solid. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 7.60 (dd, J=1.37, 7.78 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.19 (m,
1H), 7.06 (d, J=8.24 Hz, 1H), 7.03-6.97 (m, 1H), 3.32 (s, 2H), 3.14
(s, 3H), 2.93 (s, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H). LC/MS: 215 [M+1].
Example 7
Synthesis of
6-isopropyl-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine
(128)
##STR00056##
[0204] A disposable tube was charged with
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine (49 mg,
0.245 mmol) and a stirbar. THF (3 mL) was added and the solution
was cooled to -78.degree. C. for the addition of LHMDS (269 .mu.l,
0.269 mmol) in THF. The solution was stirred at that temperature 15
min before being warmed to room temperature for the addition of
2-iodopropane (122 .mu.l, 1.224 mmol). The mixture was stirred at
50.degree. C. overnight before being concentrated in vacuo,
purified by reverse phase HPLC (water/acetonitrile/0.1% TFA), and
lyophilized to yield
6-isopropyl-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine
(5 mg, 0.021 mmol) as an off-white amorphous solid. .sup.1H NMR
(complex due to slowly interconverting conformers) (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 7.59 (dd, J=1.49, 7.90 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d,
J=8.01 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=8.47 Hz, 1H), 7.03
(d, J=8.24 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (t, J=7.44 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J=6.87 Hz,
1H), 6.82 (t, J=6.87 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (td, J=6.52, 13.05 Hz, 4H),
4.09-3.73 (m, 11H), 3.20-3.00 (m, 5H), 2.45 (s, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H),
1.22 (d, J=6.64 Hz, 6H), 0.91 (d, J=6.87 Hz, 3H). LC/MS: 243
[M+1].
Example 8
Synthesis of
1-methyl-6-propyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine
(129)
##STR00057##
[0206] A disposable tube was charged with
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine (54 mg,
0.270 mmol) and a stirbar. THF (3 mL) was added, followed by LHMDS
(337 .mu.l, 0.337 mmol) in THF. The mixture was stirred at room
temperature 1 h before the addition of 1-iodopropane (132 .mu.l,
1.348 mmol), and then the mixture was heated to 50.degree. C. 2 h.
The reaction was quenched with methanol, diluted with ethyl
acetate, washed three times with brine, dried with sodium sulfate,
purified by silica gel chromatography, and lyophilized to yield
1-methyl-6-propyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine
(30 mg, 0.124 mmol) as a colorless oil. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 7.60 (dd, J=1.60, 7.78 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.17 (m,
1H), 7.07 (d, J=7.10 Hz, 1H), 7.03-6.95 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.19 (m, 2H),
3.19-3.13 (m, 2H), 3.11-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.63-1.50 (m,
2H), 0.83 (t, J=7.32 Hz, 3H). LC/MS: 243 [M+1].
Example 9
Synthesis of
6-benzyl-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine
(130)
##STR00058##
[0208] A round bottomed flask was charged with
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine (70 mg,
0.350 mmol) and a stirbar. Methanol (3.5 mL, 0.1 M) was added,
followed by benzaldehyde (70.7 .mu.l, 0.699 mmol) and acetic acid
(40.0 .mu.l, 0.699 mmol). The solution was stirred at room
temperature 15 min before the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride
(33.0 mg, 0.524 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature
18 h before being concentrated with Celite and purified by silica
gel chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate) to yield
6-benzyl-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine
(19 mg, 0.065 mmol) as a white amorphous solid. .sup.1H NMR (400
MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 7.64 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.24 (m,
5H), 7.20-7.16 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.09 (m, 1H), 7.03-7.00 (m, 1H), 4.51
(s, 2H), 3.19 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.94-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H).
LC/MS: 291 [M+1].
Example 10
Synthesis of
6-benzyl-1,7-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine
(131)
##STR00059##
[0210] A round bottomed flask was charged with
1,7-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine (69 mg,
0.322 mmol) and a stirbar. Methanol (3.5 mL, 0.1 M) was added,
followed by benzaldehyde (65.1 .mu.l, 0.644 mmol) and acetic acid
(55.3 .mu.l, 0.966 mmol). The solution was stirred at room
temperature 15 min before the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride
(30.4 mg, 0.483 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature
18 h before being concentrated with Celite and purified by silica
gel chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate) to yield
6-benzyl-1,7-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine
(46 mg, 0.151 mmol) as a white amorphous solid. .sup.1H NMR (400
MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 7.47 (dd, J=1.9, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.36
(m, 2H), 7.32 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.12 (m,
2H), 4.04 (br. s., 2H), 3.54-3.36 (m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.41 (s,
3H). LC/MS: 305 [M+1].
Example 11
Synthesis of
(1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)(phenyl)methanone
(132)
##STR00060##
[0212] A disposable tube was charged with
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine (28 mg,
0.140 mmol) and a stirbar. THF (2.5 mL, 0.1 M) was added, followed
by triethylamine (39.0 .mu.l, 0.280 mmol) and benzoyl chloride
(19.48 .mu.l, 0.168 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room
temperature until the starting material was completely consumed, as
judged by LC/MS. The mixture was concentrated with Celite, purified
by silica gel chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate),
and lyophilized to yield
(1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)(phenyl)methan-
one as an off-white amorphous solid (39 mg, 0.128 mmol). .sup.1H
NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 7.76 (dd, J=1.26, 7.90 Hz, 2H),
7.33-7.23 (m, 4H), 7.22-7.14 (m, 4H), 7.05 (t, J=7.44 Hz, 2H), 6.98
(d, J=7.32 Hz, 4H), 6.84 (d, J=7.78 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (dd, J=6.18,
13.50 Hz, 1H), 3.48-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.11 (dt,
J=3.89, 13.28 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (s, 3H). LC/MS: 305 [M+1].
Example 12
Synthesis of
8-chloro-1-methyl-6-(phenylsulfonyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-
-d]azepine (133)
##STR00061##
[0214] To a round-bottomed flask charged with
8-chloro-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine
(50 mg, 0.21 mmol) and pyridine (1 mL) was added benzensulfonyl
chloride (42 mg, 0.24 mmol). The solution was stirred at room
temperature for 2 h before concentrating. The crude residue was
purified via Biotage (EtOAc/hex) to afford
8-chloro-1-methyl-6-(phenylsulfonyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxaz-
olo[4,5-d]azepine (50 mg, 0.13 mmol). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d6) .delta. 7.64-7.25 (m, 8H), 4.59-4.27 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.80
(m, 1H), 2.86-2.71 (m, 1H), 2.13 (s, 3H). m/z (ESI) 375
[M+H].sup.+.
Example 13
Synthesis of
2-(4-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,4-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-
-d]azepin-8-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide (134)
##STR00062##
[0216] To a solution of
2-(4-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,4-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-
-d]azepin-8-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (accessible via the
general synthetic scheme) (108 mg, 0.246 mmol) in DMAc (3 mL) and
DMF (1 mL) was sequentially added ammonium chloride (150 mg, 2.80
mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.400 mL, 2.290 mmol). To the
heterogeneous mixture was added COMU (160 mg, 0.374 mmol) in
portions. The reaction mixture turned orange in color. After 3 h,
the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The aqueous
phase was extracted with EtOAc (3.times.). The combined organic
phases were washed with water (3.times.), washed with brine, dried
over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to give a light red oil.
The oil was purified via Biotage (gradient elution, 10% EtOAc: 1%
IPA: 89% Hexane to 99% EtOAc: 1% IPA) to yield white solids that
were contaminated with a urea by-product (from the coupling
reagent). The solids were subsequently diluted in EtOAc and washed
H.sub.2O (3.times.). The combined organic layers were dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated to deliver
2-(4-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,4-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-
-d]azepin-8-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide (73.8 mg, 0.168 mmol,
68.5% yield) as white solids. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)
.delta. 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=0.62 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.31 Hz,
1H), 7.65 (dd, J=1.97, 8.21 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=1.87 Hz, 1H), 7.55
(d, J=9.14 Hz, 2H), 7.52 (br. s., 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 6.92 (br. s.,
2H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 4.44-4.61 (m, 1H), 3.61 (dd, J=6.13, 12.57 Hz,
1H), 3.30 (s, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 1.32 (d, J=6.86 Hz, 3H) m/z (ESI)
439 [M+H].sup.+.
Example 14
Synthesis of
4-(1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-oxo-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d-
]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile (135)
##STR00063##
[0217] Step 1: Synthesis of Ethyl
2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetate
##STR00064##
[0219] To a solution of 2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid (15.3
g, 108 mmol) in ethanol (350 mL) was added concentrated
H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (1.20 mL, 22.51 mmol). The reaction mixture was
stirred at room temperature. After 48 h, the brown solution was
concentrated in vacuo to give a dark brown oil. The oil was
filtered over a plug of silica (50 g) and the product was eluted
with 40% Et.sub.2O: 60% Hexane (400 mL) to yield ethyl
2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetate (17.8 g, 105 mmol, 97% yield) as a
clear oil. m/z (ESI) 170 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 2: Synthesis of ethyl
2-(4-bromo-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetate
##STR00065##
[0221] To a round-bottomed flask was added ethyl
2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetate (3.77 g, 22.28 mmol), DMF (12 mL),
and NBS (5.16 g, 29.0 mmol). The solution was stirred at room
temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched via addition of a
saturated solution of sodium thiosulfate. The orange solution
quickly became yellow and biphasic. Acetonitrile was added
(.about.10 mL) until the solution was homogeneous and the reaction
stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h. The solution was diluted
with water and EtOAc before the layers were separated. The aqueous
layer was extracted with EtOAc and the combined organics layer was
washed with water, brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered,
and concentrated. The crude residue was purified via Biotage (100
g, 5% EtOAc/hex to 20% EtOAc/hex) to afford ethyl
2-(4-bromo-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetate (5.10 g, 20.56 mmol, 92%
yield). m/z (ESI) 248, 250 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 3: Synthesis of
5-chloro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline
##STR00066##
[0223] To a round bottomed flask was added
PdCl.sub.2(dppf)-CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 adduct (1.347 g, 1.650 mmol),
KOAc (6.48 g, 66.0 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (12.57 g, 49 5
mmol), 2-bromo-5-chloroaniline (6.81 g, 33 mmol), and DMSO (100
mL). The solution was evacuated/backfilled with N.sub.2 (3.times.)
before heating to 85.degree. C. overnight. The solution was cooled
to room temperature and diluted with MTBE and water. The solution
was filtered and the layers were separated. The aqueous phase was
extracted with MTBE and the combined organics layer was washed with
water, brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and
concentrated. The crude residue was purified via Biotage to afford
5-chloro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline
(8.06 g, 31.8 mmol, 96% yield). m/z (ESI) 254 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 4: Synthesis of ethyl
2-(4-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetate
##STR00067##
[0225] To a round bottomed flask was added
tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate (230 mg, 0.793 mmol),
K.sub.3PO.sub.4 (6.1 g, 26.5 mmol), Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (301 mg,
0.329 mmol), and
5-chloro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline
(4.2 g, 16.57 mmol). To this flask was added dioxane (100 mL),
water (5 mL), and ethyl 2-(4-bromo-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetate
(3.42 g, 13.80 mmol). The reaction was evacuated/backfilled with
N.sub.2 (3.times.) before heating to 80.degree. C. for 2h. The
reaction was cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc. The
reaction was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude
residue was purified via Biotage (EtOAc/hex) to afford ethyl
2-(4-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetate (2.243
g, 7.61 mmol, 55% yield). m/z (ESI) 295 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 5: Synthesis of
8-chloro-1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-5(6H)-one
##STR00068##
[0227] To a resealable vial was added ethyl
2-(4-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetate (420
mg, 1.425 mmol), EtOH (7 mL), and HCl (1.06 mL, 4.28 mmol). The
solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h before being
heated to 80.degree. C. for 2 days. The solution was cooled to room
temperature and concentrated. The crude residue was purified via
Biotage (EtOAc/hex) to afford
8-chloro-1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-5(6H)-one (169
mg, 0.680 mmol, 48% yield). m/z (ESI) 249 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 6: Synthesis of
4-(8-chloro-1-methyl-5-oxo-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)ben-
zonitrile
##STR00069##
[0229] To a resealable vial was added 4-iodobenzonitrile (138 mg,
0.603 mmol), K.sub.3PO.sub.4 (185 mg, 0.804 mmol), CuI (7.66 mg,
0.040 mmol), and
8-chloro-1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-5(6H)-one (100
mg, 0.402 mmol) before the vial was sealed. The vial was
evacuated/backfilled with N.sub.2 (3.times.) before addition of
dioxane (1 mL) and trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (9.67 .mu.l, 0.080
mmol). The solution was heated to 80.degree. C. for 4h before
heating to 110.degree. C. for 1 h. The solution was cooled to room
temperature and concentrated. The crude residue was purified via
Biotage (10 g, EtOAc/hex) to afford
4-(8-chloro-1-methyl-5-oxo-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)ben-
zonitrile (30.9 mg, 0.088 mmol, 22% yield). m/z (ESI) 350
[M+H].sup.+.
Step 7: Synthesis of
4-(1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-oxo-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d-
]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile
##STR00070##
[0231] To a resealable vial was added tri-tert-butylphosphonium
tetrafluoroborate (3.08 mg, 10.60 .mu.mol),
1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole
(36.8 mg, 0.177 mmol), K.sub.3PO.sub.4 (40.7 mg, 0.177 mmol), and
Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (4.04 mg, 4.42 .mu.mol) before the vial was
sealed. This vial was evacuated/backfilled with N.sub.2 before
addition of
4-(8-chloro-1-methyl-5-oxo-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)ben-
zonitrile (30.9 mg, 0.088 mmol) dissolved in Dioxane (1 ml) and
addition of water (50 uL). This solution was evacuated/backfilled
with N.sub.2 (3.times.) before heating to 110.degree. C. for 1 h.
The reaction was cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc.
The solids were filtered off and the filtrate concentrated. The
crude residue was purified via Biotage to afford
4-(1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-oxo-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d-
]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)
.delta. 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.83-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.74 (d, J=0.62 Hz, 1H),
7.72 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (dd, J=1.77, 8.21 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.38
(m, 2H), 7.08 (d, J=1.66 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (br. s., 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H),
2.58 (s, 3H). m/z (ESI) 396 [M+H].sup.+.
Example 16
Synthesis of
6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,3-d]azepin-
e (136)
##STR00071##
[0232] Step 1: Synthesis of
2-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetonitrile
##STR00072##
[0234] A mixture of 3-(chloromethyl)-5-methylisoxazole (10 g, 76
mmol) and sodium cyanide (5 g, 102 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (60
mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The mixture
was diluted with water (60 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate
(3.times.100 mL). The combined organics layer was washed with water
(50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and
filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give
2-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetonitrile as a yellow oil which was
used in the next step without further purification (10 g). .sup.1H
NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 6.10 (s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 2.45
(s, 3H). LRMS (M+H.sup.+) m/z: calcd 122.05; found 122.
Step 2: Synthesis of
2-(4-bromo-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetonitrile
##STR00073##
[0236] A mixture of 2-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetonitrile (10 g, 82
mmol) and N-bromosuccinimide (14.5 g, 82 mmol) in
N,N-dimethylformamide (100 mL) was stirred at 30.degree. C. for 24
hours. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with water (100 mL)
and extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.100 mL). The combined
organics layer was washed with water (50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried
over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was
concentrated to give a residue which was purified by column
chromatography (silica-gel, petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1) to
afford 2-(4-bromo-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetonitrile as a colorless
oil (1 g, 6% yield). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta.
3.71 (s, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H). LRMS (M+H.sup.+) m/z: calcd 199.96;
found 200.
Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl
2-(3-(cyanomethyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenylcarbamate
##STR00074##
[0238] A mixture of 2-(4-bromo-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetonitrile
(1 g, 5 mmol), tert-butyl
2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenylcarbamate (2.4
g, 7 5 mmol),
1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-palladium(II)dichloride (36.6
mg, 0.05 mmol), cesium carbonate (3.3 g, 10 mmol), water (4 mL) and
toluene (20 mL) was heated in a microwave at 130.degree. C. for 1
hour. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with
ethyl acetate (50 mL). The combined organics layer was dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was
concentrated to give a residue which was purified by column
chromatography (silica-gel, petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=4:1) to
give tert-butyl
2-(3-(cyanomethyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenylcarbamate as a brown
solid (500 mg, 32% yield). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3):
.delta. 8.05 (d, J=3 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.10 (m, 2H),
6.06 (s, 1H), 3.62 (d, J=3 Hz, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 9H).
LRMS (M+H.sup.+) m/z: calcd 313.14; found 313.
Step 4: Synthesis of
2-(4-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetic
acid
##STR00075##
[0240] A mixture of tert-butyl
2-(3-(cyanomethyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenylcarbamate (450 mg,
1.4 mmol), sodium hydroxide (112 mg, 2 8 mmol), water (1 mL) and
ethanol (5 mL) was refluxed for 3 hours. The solvent was removed in
vacuo and the residue was neutralized with 1 N HCl. The mixture was
extracted with ethyl acetate (5.times.30 mL). The combined organics
layer was washed with water (50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was
concentrated to give
24442-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetic
acid as a white solid which was used in the next step without
further purification (320 mg, 67% yield). LRMS (M+H.sup.+) m/z:
calcd 332.14; found 332.
Step 5: Synthesis of methyl
2-(4-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetate
##STR00076##
[0242] To a mixture of
2-(4-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetic
acid (320 mg, 0.9 mmol) and potassium carbonate (265 mg, 1.9 mmol)
in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) was added iodomethane (142 mg, 1
mmol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient
temperature for 10 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (30
mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (5.times.30 mL). The combined
organics layer was washed with water (50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried
over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was
concentrated to give a residue which was purified by column
chromatography (silica-gel, petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=6:1) to
give
2-(4-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetate
as an off-white solid (250 mg, 75% yield). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 8.02 (d, J=6 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.25 (m, 1H),
7.12-6.33 (m, 2H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 3.66-3.56 (m, 3H), 3.56 (s, 1H),
2.28 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 9H). LRMS (M+H.sup.+) m/z: calcd 346.15,
found 346.
Step 6: Synthesis of methyl
2-(4-(2-aminophenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetate
##STR00077##
[0244] A mixture of methyl
2-(4-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetate
(250 mg, 0.72 mmol) in hydrochloric acid/methanol (2 N) (10 mL) was
stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The solvent was
removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in water (3 mL). The
solution was neutralized with 1 N sodium hydroxide and extracted
with dichloromethane (3.times.30 mL). The combined organics layer
was washed with water (50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous
sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give
methyl 2-(4-(2-aminophenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetate as a
yellow solid which was used in the next step without further
purification (180 mg). LRMS (M+H.sup.+) m/z: calcd 246.1, found
246.
Step 7: Synthesis of
1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,3-d]azepin-5(6H)-one
##STR00078##
[0246] A mixture of methyl
2-(4-(2-aminophenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)acetate (180 mg, 0.73
mmol) and Ti(OiPr).sub.4 (415 g, 1.46 mmol) in t (10 mL) was heated
at 80.degree. C. for 16 hours. The mixture was cooled to room
temperature before addition of water (1 mL). The mixture was
filtered and the filter cake was washed with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2
(5.times.10 mL). The solvent was evaporated to dryness and the
residue was purified by column chromatography (silica-gel,
petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1) to give
1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,3-d]azepin-5(6H)-one as a colorless
oil (90 mg, 58% yield). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): .delta.
8.15 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.14-7.11 (m, 1H), 3.72 (s, 2H),
2.63 (s, 3H). LRMS (M+H.sup.+) m/z: calcd 214.07; found 214.
Step 8: Synthesis of
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,3-d]azepine (143)
##STR00079##
[0248] To a solution of
1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,3-d]azepin-5(6H)-one (90 mg, 0.42
mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added borane tetrahydrofuran complex (1 N,
4.2 mL, 4.2 mmol) under nitrogen atmosphere at ambient temperature.
After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for
30 minutes. To the mixture was added dropwise 0.3 N hydrochloric
acid. The mixture was stirred for 20 min and extracted with ethyl
acetate (3.times.30 mL). The combined organics layer was washed
with water (10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give a
residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica-gel,
petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to give
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,3-d]azepine as a white
solid (75 mg, 89% yield). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3):
.delta. 7.38-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.95-6.92 (m, 1H),
6.78 (d, J=6 Hz, 2H), 3.53-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.13-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.63
(s, 3H). LRMS (M+H.sup.+) m/z: calcd 200.09, found 200.
Step 9: Synthesis of
6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,3-d]azepin-
e
##STR00080##
[0250] A mixture of
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,3-d]azepine (20 mg, 0.1
mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (9 mg, 0.01 mmol),
2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl (S-Phos, CAS
657408-07-6, 8 mg, 0.02 mmol), cesium carbonate (65 mg, 0 2 mmol)
and toluene (10 mL) was heated at 110.degree. C. for 16 hours under
a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled to room temperature
and filtered. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (50
mL). The combined organics layer was dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give a
residue which was purified by column chromatography (silica-gel,
petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1) to give
6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,3-d]azepin-
e as an off-white solid (10 mg, 32% yield). .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6): .delta. 7.53-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.09
(d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 6.62 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 3.98-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.18
(m, 2H), 2.63 (s, 3H). LRMS (M+H.sup.+) m/z: calcd 310.09, found
310.
Example 17
Synthesis of
2-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-
-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)acetamide (137) and
4-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4H-benzo[b]is-
oxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile (138)
##STR00081##
[0251] Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl
4-((2-bromo-5-chlorophenyl)amino)-3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-4-oxobutanoat-
e
##STR00082##
[0253] To a round bottomed flask was added
2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid (3.15 g, 22.32 mmol) and THF
(60 mL) before the reaction was cooled to -78.degree. C. To this
solution was added nBuLi (19.64 ml, 49.1 mmol) and the solution
stirred at -78.degree. C. for 5 min before warming to 0.degree. C.
for 20 min. After 20 min, the solution was cooled to -78.degree. C.
and tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate (6.59 ml, 44.6 mmol) was added and
the solution stirred for 1 h at -78.degree. C. This solution was
then quenched via the addition of sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3 and diluted
with ether. The layers were separated and the aqueous washed with
ether (1.times.). The ether layer was discarded and the aqueous was
acidified with 1N HCl. The aqueous was extracted with EtOAc and the
combined organics layer was washed with brine, dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue was
then taken up in DMF (40 mL) and 2-bromo-5-chloroaniline (4.61 g,
22.32 mmol), EDC (6.42 g, 33.5 mmol), and
3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-ol (3.34 g, 24.55 mmol) were
added. The solution was stirred overnight before diluting with
water and extracting with EtOAc. The combined organics layer was
washed with water, brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered,
and concentrated. The crude residue was purified via Biotage
(EtOAc/hex) to afford tert-butyl
4-(2-bromo-5-chlorophenylamino)-3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-4-oxobutanoate
(5.878 g, 13.25 mmol, 59% yield). m/z (ESI) 443, 445
[M+H].sup.+.
Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl
4-(2-bromo-5-chlorophenylamino)-3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)butanoate
and
2-bromo-N-(4-tert-butoxy-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)butyl)-5-chloroaniline
##STR00083##
[0255] To a round bottomed flask was added tert-butyl
4-(2-bromo-5-chlorophenylamino)-3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-4-oxobutanoate
(5.878 g, 13.25 mmol), THF (50 mL), and BH3.THF (26.5 ml, 26.5
mmol). The solution was then heated to reflux for 3 h before
cooling to 0.degree. C. and addition of MeOH (50 mL). The solution
was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 10 min before heating to reflux for
1 h. The solution was cooled to room temperature and concentrated.
The crude residues was purified via Biotage (EtOAc/hex) to afford
tert-butyl
4-(2-bromo-5-chlorophenylamino)-3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)butanoate
(m/z (ESI) 429, 431 [M+H].sup.+) and
2-bromo-N-(4-tert-butoxy-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)butyl)-5-chloroaniline
as a .about.1:1 mixture (m/z (ESI) 415, 417 [M+H].sup.+) (3.96
g).
Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl
2-(8-chloro-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)
acetate and
4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-8-chloro-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo-
[4,5-d]azepine
##STR00084##
[0257] To a round bottomed flask was added palladium(II) chloride
(40.9 mg, 0.230 mmol), KOAc (904 mg, 9.21 mmol), and
tetrabutylammonium chloride (1280 mg, 4.61 mmol). The flask was
evacuated/backfilled with N.sub.2 (3.times.) before addition of a
1:1 mixture of
2-bromo-N-(4-tert-butoxy-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)butyl)-5-chloroaniline
and tert-butyl
4-(2-bromo-5-chlorophenylamino)-3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)butanoate
(1.98 g, 4.61 mmol) dissolved in DMA (20 mL). The reaction was
evacuated/backfilled with N.sub.2 (3.times.) before heating to
130.degree. C. overnight. The solution was cooled to room
temperature, diluted with water and EtOAc, and the layers
separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc and the
combined organics layer was washed with water, brine, dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue was
purified via Biotage (EtOAc/hex) to afford a 1:1 mixture of
tert-butyl
2-(8-chloro-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)a-
cetate (m/z (ESI) 349 [M+H].sup.+) and
4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-8-chloro-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo-
[4,5-d]azepine (m/z (ESI) 335 [M+H].sup.+) (710 mg).
Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl
2-(8-chloro-6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4-
,5-d]azepin-4-yl)acetate and
4-(4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-8-chloro-1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]az-
epin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile
##STR00085##
[0259] To a resealable vial was added Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (180 mg,
0.552 mmol),
chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-di-i-propoxy-1,1'-biphenyl)[2-
-(2-aminoethylphenyl)]palladium(II) [CAS 1028206-60-1] (3.22 mg,
4.41 .mu.mol), and 4-iodobenzonitrile (76 mg, 0.331 mmol) before
the vial was sealed and evacuated/backfilled with N.sub.2
(3.times.). To this vial was added a 1:1 mixture of
4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-8-chloro-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo-
[4,5-d]azepine and tert-butyl
2-(8-chloro-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)a-
cetate (77 mg, 0.221 mmol) dissolved in dioxane (2 mL). The
solution was evacuated/backfilled with N.sub.2 (3.times.) before
heating to 110.degree. C. for 3h. The solution was cooled to room
temperature and diluted with EtOAc. The solution was filtered and
the filtrate concentrated. The crude residue was purified via
Biotage (EtOAc/hex) to afford a .about.1:1 mixture of tert-butyl
2-(8-chloro-6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4-
,5-d]azepin-4-yl)acetate (m/z (ESI) 450 [M+H].sup.+) and
4-(4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-8-chloro-1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]az-
epin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile (m/z (ESI) 436 [M+H].sup.+) (79.1
mg).
Step 5: Synthesis of tert-butyl
2-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-
-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)acetate and
4-(4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4H-benzo[-
b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile
##STR00086##
[0261] To a resealable vial was added K.sub.3PO.sub.4 (119 mg,
0.516 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate (8.98 mg,
0.031 mmol), Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (11.80 mg, 0.013 mmol), and
1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole
(107 mg, 0.516 mmol). The vial was sealed and evacuated/backfilled
with N.sub.2 (3.times.) before addition of a 1:1 mixture of
tert-butyl
2-(8-chloro-6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4-
,5-d]azepin-4-yl)acetate and
4-(4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-8-chloro-1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]az-
epin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile (116 mg, 0.258 mmol) dissolved in
dioxane (2 mL). The vial was evacuated/backfilled with N.sub.2
(3.times.) before heating to 110.degree. C. for 1.5 h. The reaction
was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc, and
filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the crude residue was
purified via Biotage (EtOAc/hex) to afford a 1:1 mixture of
tert-butyl
2-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-
-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)acetate (m/z (ESI) 496
[M+H].sup.+) and
4-(4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4H-be-
nzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile (m/z (ESI) 482
[M+H].sup.+) (96 mg).
Step 6: Synthesis of
2-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-
-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)acetamide and
4-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4H-benzo[b]is-
oxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile
##STR00087##
[0263] To a round-bottomed flask was added a mixture of
4-(4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4H-benzo[-
b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile and tert-butyl
2-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-
-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)acetate (96 mg, 0.194 mmol),
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (2 mL), and TFA (1 mL). The solution was stirred
at room temperature for 1 h before concentrating. To the crude
residue was added ammonium chloride (62.2 mg, 1.162 mmol), DMF (2
mL), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.271 mL, 1.550 mmol), and COMU
(141 mg, 0.329 mmol). The solution was stirred at room temperature
for 1 h before another portion of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.271
mL, 1.550 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred for an
additional 30 min before the solution was diluted with water and
EtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was
extracted with EtOAc. The combined organics layer was washed with
water, brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and
concentrated. The crude residue was purified via biotage (10 g, 10%
(3:2 CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2:IPA): 90% hexanes to 60% (3:2
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2:IPA): 40% hex) to afford
2-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-
-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)acetamide (43.5 mg, 0.099
mmol, 51% yield). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.23 (s,
1H), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (dd, J=1.87, 8.31
Hz, 1H), 7.53-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.44-7.51 (m, 1H), 6.99 (br. s., 1H),
6.85-6.95 (m, 2H), 4.54 (dd, J=6.02, 16.00 Hz, 1H), 3.86-3.95 (m,
1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.36-3.49 (m, 1H), 2.71 (dd, J=4.15, 16.00 Hz,
1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.44-2.49 (m, 1H). m/z (ESI) 439
[M+H].sup.+.
[0264] Fractions containing the primary alcohol were concentrated
and repurified via RP-HPLC to afford
4-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4H-benzo[b]is-
oxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile (18.6 mg, 0.044 mmol,
23% yield). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .delta. 8.23 (s, 1H),
7.93 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.10 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=8.10 Hz, 1H),
7.50-7.61 (m, 3H), 6.79-6.91 (m, 2H), 4.75 (t, J=4.99 Hz, 1H), 4.60
(dd, J=6.65, 14.75 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.67-3.77 (m, 1H),
3.58-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.34-3.44 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 1.95-2.07 (m,
1H), 1.71-1.82 (m, 1H). m/z (ESI) 426 [M+H].sup.+.
Example 18
Synthesis of
2-(8-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benz-
o[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide (139)
##STR00088##
[0266] To a round bottomed flask was added a 1:1 mixture of
4-(8-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-4-(2-tert-butoxyethyl)-1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]iso-
xazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile and tert-butyl
2-(8-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benz-
o[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)acetate (115 mg, 0.227 mmol),
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (5 ml), and TFA (1 mL, 12.98 mmol). The solution
was stirred at room temperature for 2h before concentrating and
placing on a high vacuum line. The crude reside was purified via
biotage to afford the carboxylic acid. To this material was added
Et.sub.3N (0.221 mL, 1.586 mmol), dimethylamine hydrochloride (107
mg, 1.312 mmol), DMF, and COMU (165 mg, 0.385 mmol). The solution
was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. To this solution was added
additional Et.sub.3N (0.221 mL, 1.586 mmol) and COMU (165 mg, 0.385
mmol). The solution was stirred over 2 days before being diluted
with water and EtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous
phase was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organics layer was
washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and
concentrated. The crude residue was purified via Biotage to afford
impure material. The residue was then purified via RPHPLC to afford
2-(8-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benz-
o[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide. m/z (ESI)
479 [M+H].sup.+.
Example 19
Synthesis of
4-(4-(cyanomethyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4H-benzo[b]isoxa-
zolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile (140)
##STR00089##
[0268] To a round bottomed flask was added
2-(6-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-
-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-4-yl)acetamide (22 mg, 0.050 mmol),
N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.1 mL, 0.573 mmol), CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 (1
mL), and TFAA (0.014 mL, 0.100 mmol). The solution was stirred at
room temperature overnight before diluting with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2
and sat. aq. NaHCO.sub.3. The layers were separated and the aqueous
phase was extracted with CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The combined organics
layer was dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated.
The crude residue was purified via RP-HPLC to afford
4-(4-(cyanomethyl)-1-methyl-8-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4H-benzo[b]isoxa-
zolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile (3 mg, 7.13 .mu.mol, 14%
yield). .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 6 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.94 (s,
1H), 7.85 (d, J=8.10 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=1.87, 8.31 Hz, 1H), 7.62
(d, J=1.66 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.93 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (d, J=7.69 Hz,
2H), 4.66 (dd, J=5.82, 9.56 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.85 (s,
3H), 3.44-3.33 (m, 1H), 3.18 (dd, J=5.40, 17.24 Hz, 1H), 3.09 (dd,
J=5.40, 17.45 Hz, 1H), 2.50 (s, 3H). m/z (ESI) 421 [M+H].sup.+.
Example 20
Synthesis of
4-(1,5-dimethyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile
(141)
##STR00090##
[0269] Step 1: Synthesis of
N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetamide
##STR00091##
[0271] A round bottomed flask was charged with
2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid (2 g, 14.17 mmol) and a
stirbar. Dichloromethane (50 mL, 0.3 M) was added, followed by CDI
(2.76 g, 17.01 mmol), portionwise. Stirred at room temperature 1 h.
O,N-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.797 g, 18.42 mmol) was
added, and the reaction stirred at room temperature 2.5 d. The
reaction was quenched with NH.sub.4Cl (aq., sat.) and the product
was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with
sodium sulfate and purified by silica gel chromatography (eluting
with hexanes/ethyl acetate) to yield
N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetamide (1.64 g, 8.89
mmol) as a colorless oil that was used in the subsequent reaction.
LC/MS: 185 [M+1].
Step 2: Synthesis of 1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propan-2-one
##STR00092##
[0273] A round bottomed flask was charged with
N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetamide (1.637 g,
8.89 mmol) and a stirbar before being purged with N.sub.2. THF (100
mL, 0.1 M) was added, and the solution was cooled to -78.degree. C.
for the dropwise addition of methylmagnesium bromide (7.62 ml,
10.66 mmol). The solution was stirred at -78.degree. C. 1 h before
being quenched into NH.sub.4Cl and extracted with ethyl acetate.
The aqueous layer was extracted three times with ethyl acetate, and
the combined organic layers were washed with brine before being
dried with sodium sulfate. The residue was purified by silica gel
chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate) to provide
1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propan-2-one (898 mg, 6.45 mmol) as a
light yellow oil that was used in the subsequent reaction. LC/MS:
140 [M+1].
Step 3: Synthesis of
2-bromo-N-(1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)aniline
##STR00093##
[0275] A round bottomed flask was charged with
1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propan-2-one (898 mg, 6.45 mmol) and a
stirbar before the addition of methanol (65 mL, 0.1 M).
2-bromoaniline (2220 mg, 12.91 mmol) and acetic acid (1108 .mu.l,
19.36 mmol) were added, and the solution was stirred at room
temperature 15 min before the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride
(608 mg, 9.68 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature
overnight before being concentrated with Celite and purified by
silica gel chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethayl acetate) to
yield 2-bromo-N-(1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)aniline (378
mg, 1.281 mmol) as a brownish oil that was used in the subsequent
reaction. LC/MS: 296 [M+1].
Step 4: Synthesis of
1,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine
(144)
##STR00094##
[0277] A disposable tube was charged with palladium (II) chloride
(11.35 mg, 0.064 mmol), potassium acetate (251 mg, 2.56 mmol),
tetrabutylammonium chloride (356 mg, 1.281 mmol), and a stirbar
before being evac/purged with nitrogen.
2-bromo-N-(1-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)aniline (378 mg,
1.281 mmol) was added, followed by dimethylacetamide (6 mL, 0.2 M),
and the mixture was stirred at 130.degree. C. 2 h before being
diluted with ethyl acetate, washed three times with brine, dried
with sodium sulfate, and purified by silica gel chromatography
(eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate) to yield
1,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine (yield
not determined) as an off-white amorphous solid that was used in
the subsequent reaction. LC/MS: 215 [M+1].
Step 5: Synthesis of
4-(1,5-dimethyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile
##STR00095##
[0279] A disposable tube was charged with
1,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepine (50 mg,
0.233 mmol), 4-chlorobenzonitrile (48.2 mg, 0.350 mmol), RuPhos
precatalyst (8.50 mg, 0.012 mmol), RuPhos (5.44 mg, 0.012 mmol),
sodium tertbutoxide (33.6 mg, 0.350 mmol), and a stirbar before
being evac/purged three times with nitrogen. Toluene (2 mL, 0.1 M)
was added, and the mixture was stirred at 90.degree. C. for 3.5 h.
The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, filtered, purified by
silica gel chromatography, and lyophilized from dioxane to yield
4-(1,5-dimethyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-6(5H)-yl)benzonitrile
as a white amorphous solid. LC/MS: 316 [M+1]. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 7.87-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.32
(d, J=7.55 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J=8.24 Hz, 2H), 4.95 (t, J=6.64 Hz,
1H), 3.61-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.10 (d, J=18.31 Hz, 1H), 2.46 (s, 3H),
0.94 (d, J=6.87 Hz, 3H).
Example 21
Synthesis of
4-amino-1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-5(6H)-one
(142)
##STR00096##
[0280] Step 1: Synthesis of (4-bromo-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl
acetate
##STR00097##
[0282] To a solution of (3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl acetate
(0.979 g, 6.31 mmol) in AcOH (10 mL, 175 mmol) was added
N-bromosuccinimide (1.30 g, 7.30 mmol) and H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (0.65
mL, 12.19 mmol). The reaction was heated to 110.degree. C. After 1
h, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and
carefully poured into a beaker containing ice and saturated
NaHCO.sub.3. The bi-phasic mixture was vigorously stirred and basic
solution (pH .about.8-9) was extracted with EtOAc (2.times.15 mL).
The organic layer was washed with 2% sodium thiosulfate, washed
with brine (20 mL), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated
to give a light yellow oil. The oil was purified on Biotage system
(isocratic elution 10% EtOAc: 90% Hexanes) to give the titled
compound (1.30 g, 5.55 mmol, 88% Yield) as a colorless yellow oil.
LC/MS m/z 234 [M+H].sup.+.
Step 2: Synthesis of
(3-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)isoxazol-5-yl)me-
thyl acetate
##STR00098##
[0284] A disposable tube was charged with
PdCl.sub.2(CH.sub.3CN).sub.2 (0.113 g, 0.437 mmol), SPhos (0.717 g,
1.747 mmol), and a stirbar before being evacuated and purged with
nitrogen. (4-bromo-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl acetate (5.11 g,
21.83 mmol), 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (4.75 ml, 32 7
mmol), and dioxane (10 mL) were added, followed by triethylamine
(9.13 ml, 65.5 mmol) (gas evolution!), and the mixture was stirred
at 110.degree. C. overnight. The mixture was cooled, diluted with
ethyl acetate, filtered, and concentrated to give a residue that
was used crude in the subsequent reaction.
Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl
(2-(5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)carbamate
##STR00099##
[0286] A disposable tube was charged with Pd(Ph.sub.3P).sub.4
(0.841 g, 0.728 mmol), potassium phosphate (6.18 g, 29.1 mmol),
(3-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)isoxazol-5-yl)me-
thyl acetate (6.14 g, 21.83 mmol) (crude), and a stirbar before
being evacuated and purged with nitrogen three times.tert-butyl
2-bromophenylcarbamate (2.95 ml, 14.55 mmol) was added, followed by
methanol (10 mL, 2 M), and the reaction was stirred at 70.degree.
C. 3 h. The mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate,
filtered, washed three times with brine, dried with magnesium
sulfate, and purified by silica gel chromatography (eluting with
hexanes/ethyl acetate) to yield tert-butyl
(2-(5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)carbamate as a
yellow oil. LC/MS: 305 [M+1].
Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl
(2-(5-formyl-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)carbamate
##STR00100##
[0288] A round bottomed flask was charged with dichloromethane (50
mL) and oxalyl chloride (1.474 ml, 16.84 mmol), and the solution
was cooled to -78.degree. C. for the dropwise addition of DMSO
(1.594 ml, 22.46 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL). The solution was
stirred at -78.degree. C. for 15 min before the dropwise addition
of tert-butyl
2-(5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenylcarbamate (3.417
g, 11.23 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL). The mixture was stirred
at -78.degree. C. 15 min before the dropwise addition of
triethylamine (4.69 ml, 33.7 mmol) before being warmed to room
temperature. The mixture was diluted with water, separated, the
aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane, and the combined
organic washes were dried with magnesium sulfate. The residue was
purified by silica gel chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl
acetate) to yield tert-butyl
(2-(5-formyl-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)carbamate (1.4 g, 4.64
mmol) as a solid. LC/MS: 303.
Step 5: Synthesis of (E)-tert-butyl
(2-(5-((benzhydrylimino)methyl)-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)carbamate
##STR00101##
[0290] A round bottomed flask was charged with tert-butyl
2-(5-formyl-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)carbamate (1.4 g, 4.63
mmol) and a stirbar. Dichloromethane (50 mL, 0.1 M) was added,
followed by diphenylmethanamine (3.19 ml, 18.52 mmol) and sodium
sulfate (6.58 g, 46.3 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room
temperature 3 d. The mixture was filtered, concentrated with
Celite, and purified by silica gel chromatography (eluting with
hexanes/ethyl acetate) to provide (E)-tert-butyl
(2-(5-((benzhydrylimino)methyl)-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)carbamate
(0.98 g, 2.1 mmol) as a white amorphous solid.
Step 6: Synthesis of
(2-(5-((benzhydrylamino)(cyano)methyl)-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)carba-
mate
##STR00102##
[0292] A disposable tube was charged with (E)-tert-butyl
2-(5-((benzhydrylimino)methyl)-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)carbamate
(52.5 mg, 0.112 mmol), Ytterbium(III)trifluoromethanesulfonate
(6.96 mg, 0.011 mmol), and a stirbar. Dichloromethane (2 mL, 0.05
M) was added, followed by trimethylsilanecarbonitrile (28.1 .mu.l,
0.225 mmol), and the solution was stirred at room temperature
overnight. The reaction was washed with sodium bicarbonate (aq.,
sat.), dried with magnesium sulfate, concentrated with Celite,
purified by silica gel chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl
acetate/1% isopropanol), and lyophilized to yield tert-butyl
(2-(5-((benzhydrylamino)(cyano)methyl)-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)carba-
mate (25 mg, 0.05 mmol) as a white amorphous solid. LC/MS:
490/495.
Step 7: Synthesis of
4-amino-1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-5(6H)-one
##STR00103##
[0294] A disposable tube was charged with tert-butyl
2-(5-((benzhydrylamino)(cyano)methyl)-3-methylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl)carbam-
ate (159 mg, 0.321 mmol) and a stirbar. Concentrated sulfuric acid
(1 mL, 18.76 mmol) was added, and the solution was stirred at
90.degree. C. for 1 h, at which point the mixture was cooled and
quenched dropwise into ice water. The pH was brought to .about.8
with a 50% NaOH (aq.) solution. The product was extracted three
times, purified by silica gel chromatography (eluting with
dichloromethane/methanol/1% ammonium hydroxide), and lyophlized to
yield 4-amino-1-methyl-4H-benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepin-5(6H)-one
(33 mg, 0.144 mmol) as a yellow amorphous solid. LC/MS: [M+1].
.sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) 11.06 (s, 1H), 9.28 (br. s.,
2H), 7.73 (dd, J=1.25, 7.89 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.42
(m, 2H), 5.43 (s, 1H), 2.51 (s, 3H).
[0295] LC/MS: 230 [M+1].
Example 22
IC50 Measurements for Inhibitors Using BRD4 AlphaLisa Binding
Assay
[0296] His/Flag epitope tagged BRD4 BD1.sub.42-168 was cloned,
expressed and purified to homogeneity. BRD4 binding and inhibition
was assessed by monitoring the engagement of biotinylated
H4-tetraacetyl peptide (Millipore #12-379) with the target using
the AlphaLisa technology (Perkin-Elmer). Specifically, in a 384
well ProxiPlate BRD4(BD1) (30 nM final) was combined with peptide
(200 nM final) in 40 mM HEPES (pH 7.0), 40 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT, 0.01%
(w/v) BSA, and 0.008% (w/v) Brij-35 either in the presence of DMSO
(final 1.2% DMSO) or compound dilution series in DMSO. After 20
minute incubation at room temperature Alpha streptavidin donor
beads and AlphaLisa anti-Flag acceptor beads were added to a final
concentration of 10 ug/mL each. After three hours equilibration
plates were read on an Envision instrument and IC.sub.50s
calculated using a four parameter non-linear curve fit. The results
of this assay are set forth in Table 2, below.
Example 23
Cell-Based Assays
[0297] cMyc RNA Quantification Assay (QuantiGene.RTM. Assay):
[0298] MV4:11 (AML) or Raji (Burkitt's lymphoma) cells were seeded
in a 96-well plate and incubated in the presence of various
concentrations of compounds for 4 h. Relative mRNA levels were
quantitated by using QuantiGene 2.0 assay (Affymetrix) according to
the manufacturer's recommendation. Signals were detected by using
an Envision plate reader (Perkin-Elmer). Biological duplicates were
averaged and normalized to vehicle (DMSO) control to calculate
percent MYC mRNA levels.
[0299] Cell-Based IL-6 Quantification Assay (ELISA, Mesoscale
Assay):
[0300] 100,000 THP-1 cells were seeded in RPMI1640-10% FBS in
96-well plates. LPS (E. Coli Invitrogen) in RPMI-10% FBS at a final
concentration of 4 .mu.g/mL was added to the wells and the cells
are then incubated in the presence of various concentrations of
compounds for 16 h. Plates are spun (2 rpm, 5 min), an aliquot of
25 uL supernatant is transferred in to an ELISA plate (Mesoscale
technology, MSD) and the detection of IL-6 is performed using
manufacturer's instructions. The amount of cells in each well is
assessed using CellTiter-Glo.RTM. (Promega). The ratio of ELISA
value/CellTiter-Glo value is used to calculate the percent of
inhibition of IL-6 secretion. The result of these assays for
certain compounds of the invention are set forth in Table 1
below.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1 Activity for exemplified compounds Cmpd No.
AS IC.sub.50 (.mu.M) IL-6 IC.sub.50 (.mu.M) MYC EC.sub.50 (.mu.M)
142 >80 >1 n.t. 143 39.6 n.t. n.t. 144 24 >15 n.t. 100
29.8 >15 n.t. 101 2.68 11.9 n.t. 102 0.43 4.57 n.t. 132 8.14
3.11 n.t. 103 0.50 3.18 n.t. 127 9.87 >15.0 n.t. 128 8.10
>15.0 n.t. 129 7.90 >15.0 n.t. 107 >4.0 >15.0 n.t. 141
0.56 4.39 n.t. 130 12.9 5.9 >4.0 131 20.7 8.5 >4.0 116 0.06
0.38 0.55 115 0.03 0.53 2.12 114 3.8 >15 >4.0 113 8.9 7.4
>4.0 106 0.23 >1.0 1.98 136 4.77 7.70 >4.0 112 50.0
>15.0 n.t. 104 0.75 n.t. n.t. 105 3.38 n.t. n.t. 108 0.57 n.t.
n.t. 126 1.41 5.28 1.79 111 0.30 >1.0 3.33 110 0.08 >1.0 0.78
109 0.35 >1.0 2.04 119 0.15 0.61 0.46 117 0.04 0.15 0.61 120
0.24 >1.0 1.46 122 0.04 0.12 0.24 121 0.08 0.15 0.46 125 0.04
0.09 0.17 124 0.04 0.12 0.26 123 0.04 0.08 0.20 134 0.03 0.07 0.12
133 >4 >1.0 >4.0 137 0.42 >1.0 1.84 138 0.08 0.34 0.31
118 0.16 0.52 0.83 139 1.0 >1.0 >4.0 140 0.5 >1.0 n.t. 135
0.49 0.65 1.32
[0301] While we have described a number of embodiments of this
invention, it is apparent that our basic examples may be altered to
provide other embodiments that utilize the compounds and methods of
this invention. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the scope of
this invention is to be defined by the appended claims rather than
by the specific embodiments that have been represented by way of
example.
[0302] The contents of all references (including literature
references, issued patents, published patent applications, and
co-pending patent applications) cited throughout this application
are hereby expressly incorporated herein in their entireties by
reference. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific
terms used herein are accorded the meaning commonly known to one
with ordinary skill in the art.
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