U.S. patent application number 14/589193 was filed with the patent office on 2015-05-07 for personal care and cosmetic compositions comprising renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol.
This patent application is currently assigned to DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products Company, LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products Company, LLC. Invention is credited to Gyorgyi Fenyvesi, Melissa Joerger, Irwin A. Palefsky, Raja Hari Poladi, Ann Wehner.
Application Number | 20150125403 14/589193 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38372098 |
Filed Date | 2015-05-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150125403 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Joerger; Melissa ; et
al. |
May 7, 2015 |
PERSONAL CARE AND COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING RENEWABLY-BASED,
BIODEGRADABLE 1,3-PROPANEDIOL
Abstract
Disclosed herein are methods of reducing irritation associated
with personal care and cosmetic compositions comprising
1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said personal care
or cosmetic composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1%
to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be
biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the
biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic
carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere.
Inventors: |
Joerger; Melissa; (Newark,
DE) ; Fenyvesi; Gyorgyi; (Wilmington, DE) ;
Poladi; Raja Hari; (Bear, DE) ; Palefsky; Irwin
A.; (Weehawken, NJ) ; Wehner; Ann; (Hockessin,
DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products Company, LLC |
Wilmington |
DE |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products
Company, LLC
Wilmington
DE
|
Family ID: |
38372098 |
Appl. No.: |
14/589193 |
Filed: |
January 5, 2015 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11705346 |
Feb 12, 2007 |
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14589193 |
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60772471 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772194 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772193 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772111 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772120 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772110 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772112 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60846948 |
Sep 25, 2006 |
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60853920 |
Oct 24, 2006 |
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60859264 |
Nov 15, 2006 |
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60872705 |
Dec 4, 2006 |
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60880824 |
Jan 17, 2007 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/49 ; 424/59;
424/61; 424/62; 424/63; 424/64; 424/65; 424/69; 424/70.1; 424/70.7;
510/119; 510/130; 510/138; 510/141; 510/159; 512/1; 514/772;
8/161 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 36/185 20130101;
A61Q 5/02 20130101; C11C 3/003 20130101; C11D 3/2068 20130101; C12P
7/62 20130101; A21D 2/14 20130101; A61K 9/06 20130101; C10M 2207/04
20130101; A61K 8/345 20130101; A61Q 5/10 20130101; A61Q 9/04
20130101; C10M 2209/086 20130101; A61K 36/61 20130101; A61Q 17/005
20130101; C11D 3/2044 20130101; A01N 1/021 20130101; A23L 2/52
20130101; A61K 8/92 20130101; A23L 29/04 20160801; A61K 9/0019
20130101; C10M 2207/283 20130101; A61Q 13/00 20130101; C11D 7/266
20130101; A23L 29/10 20160801; C11D 7/5022 20130101; A61K 31/22
20130101; C10M 2215/223 20130101; C10M 2229/0425 20130101; C10N
2030/64 20200501; A61K 47/10 20130101; C11D 11/0017 20130101; C12P
7/42 20130101; C08K 5/103 20130101; C09D 7/63 20180101; A23L 29/035
20160801; A61K 36/02 20130101; A61K 47/44 20130101; A61Q 5/065
20130101; A61Q 5/12 20130101; A01N 25/02 20130101; A61K 47/14
20130101; A61Q 17/00 20130101; C11D 3/2003 20130101; C11D 3/2093
20130101; C11D 11/0023 20130101; A23L 33/12 20160801; A23V 2002/00
20130101; A61K 2800/75 20130101; A61Q 19/10 20130101; A61K 36/28
20130101; C07C 69/60 20130101; C08K 5/053 20130101; C10M 129/08
20130101; C10M 2207/022 20130101; A23B 7/154 20130101; C08K
2201/018 20130101; C09D 11/38 20130101; A61K 9/282 20130101; C09D
11/16 20130101; C09K 3/185 20130101; C11D 1/667 20130101; A61Q 1/08
20130101; C10N 2040/08 20130101; C12P 7/18 20130101; A61Q 19/04
20130101; C07C 69/58 20130101; C11D 3/3418 20130101; A61Q 17/04
20130101; C07C 69/16 20130101; A61K 8/0208 20130101; A61Q 1/10
20130101; A61Q 19/002 20130101; C07C 67/08 20130101; A23K 20/105
20160501; A61K 36/355 20130101; A61K 2800/10 20130101; A61Q 9/02
20130101; C07C 69/44 20130101; C09K 3/18 20130101; A61Q 15/00
20130101; A61Q 19/008 20130101; C07C 69/78 20130101; C10M 2215/042
20130101; A61K 8/375 20130101; A61K 36/738 20130101; B01D 11/0288
20130101; C09K 5/10 20130101; C09D 11/03 20130101; C09K 5/20
20130101; C11D 3/38663 20130101; A23L 3/3463 20130101; A23L 33/10
20160801; A61Q 1/14 20130101; A61Q 5/00 20130101; A61Q 19/00
20130101; C07C 69/28 20130101; A01N 3/00 20130101; A61Q 19/005
20130101; C09G 1/08 20130101; A61Q 1/02 20130101; C02F 5/10
20130101; Y02W 10/37 20150501; A61Q 11/00 20130101; A61Q 19/007
20130101; C08K 5/103 20130101; C08L 67/04 20130101; C07C 67/08
20130101; C07C 69/60 20130101; C07C 67/08 20130101; C07C 69/58
20130101; C07C 67/08 20130101; C07C 69/78 20130101; C07C 67/08
20130101; C07C 69/44 20130101; C07C 67/08 20130101; C07C 69/16
20130101; C07C 67/08 20130101; C07C 69/28 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/49 ; 514/772;
424/64; 424/63; 424/69; 424/70.7; 424/61; 424/65; 424/70.1; 424/62;
424/59; 510/119; 8/161; 510/141; 510/159; 510/130; 510/138;
512/1 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/34 20060101
A61K008/34; A61Q 1/02 20060101 A61Q001/02; A61Q 15/00 20060101
A61Q015/00; A61Q 11/00 20060101 A61Q011/00; A61Q 5/12 20060101
A61Q005/12; A61Q 13/00 20060101 A61Q013/00; A61Q 19/00 20060101
A61Q019/00; A61Q 1/08 20060101 A61Q001/08; A61Q 5/02 20060101
A61Q005/02; A61Q 9/04 20060101 A61Q009/04; A61Q 19/10 20060101
A61Q019/10; A61Q 1/10 20060101 A61Q001/10; A61Q 17/04 20060101
A61Q017/04 |
Claims
1. A method of reducing irritation associated with a personal care
composition, the method comprising the step of: preparing a
biodegradable personal care composition comprising 1,3-propanediol
and an acceptable carrier, wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a
bio-based carbon content of at least 1%, a peroxide concentration
of less than about 10 ppm, a concentration of total organic
impurities of less than about 400 ppm, and a "b" color value of
less than about 0.15 and an absorbance at 275 nm of less than about
0.050; wherein the personal care composition reduces irritation
compared to a personal care composition comprising chemically
synthesized 1,3-propanediol and other glycols.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the personal care composition
further comprises an active.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the personal care composition
further comprises a solvent.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the 1,3-propanediol has at least
99% bio-based carbon.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the 1,3-propanediol has at least
100% bio-based carbon.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the 1,3-propanediol is
biologically-derived.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the biologically-derived
1,3-propanediol is biologically produced through a fermentation
process.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the 1,3-propanediol has a
concentration of total organic impurities of less than about 300
ppm.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the 1,3-propanediol has a
concentration of total organic impurities of less than about 150
ppm.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the personal care composition is
selected from the group consisting of a lipstick, lip gloss, lip
pencil, eye shadows, foundation, blush, liquid rouge, facial
powder, make-up, concealer, gel eye color, mascara, lip gloss, eye
pencil, lip pencil, eye make-up remover, eye liners, eye shadow,
lotion eye color, gel eye color, nail polish, lipstick nail polish,
gel polish removers, liquid rouges, blush, and facial powder, skin
care composition, skin cleansing composition, skin cleansing bar,
skin cleansing liquid, facial lotion, facial cream, cream
moisturizer, body wash, body lotion; foot cream, hand cream;
deodorant and antiperspirant sticks, roll-ons, aerosols, gels,
creams, pump sprays, powders, odor-masking, odor-neutralizing,
odor-quenching, odor-inhibiting; cologne sticks, perfumes, shaving
cream, shaving lotion, cream depilatory, lotion depilatory, wax
depilatory, facial mask made with clay materials, anti-aging
product, anti-wrinkle product, anti-cellulite product, cuticle
remover, cuticle cream, acne cream, acne cleansing scrub;
toothpaste, gargle, mouth wash, mouth rinse, film, gum; shampoo,
hair conditioner, hair treatment cream, styling gel, styling foam,
hair mousse, hair spray, set lotion, blow-styling lotion, hair
color lotion, creams and dyes, hair bleaching cream, hair relaxer,
hair straightener, curl activator gel, fragrant hair gloss, bleach,
sun stick and sun screen, artificial tanning products,
skin-whitening products; soaps, hand wash, body scrub, hand scrub,
bubble bath, bath oils, instant hand sanitizer, hand sanitizer
gels, antibacterial hand cleaner, deodorants, anti-perspirants,
baby lotion, diaper rash cream, wet wipe, and baby bath, and
vitamin creams.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the personal care composition
has a pH between about 4 and 9.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the personal care composition
has a pH of about 7.
13. A method of reducing the atmospheric CO.sub.2 emission of a
personal care composition upon degradation, the method comprising:
preparing a biodegradable personal care composition comprising
1,3-propanediol and an acceptable carrier, wherein said
1,3-propanediol is biologically derived, biodegradable and exhibits
no atmospheric CO.sub.2 emission upon biodegradation; and using
said personal care composition whereby said personal care
composition biodegrades, wherein said reduction of atmospheric
CO.sub.2 emission is compared to the atmospheric CO.sub.2 emission
of a personal care composition not comprising 1,3-propanediol that
is biologically derived and biodegradable.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the personal care composition
further comprises an active.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the personal care composition
further comprises a solvent.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the biologically-derived
1,3-propanediol is biologically produced through a fermentation
process.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the personal care composition
is selected from the group consisting of a lipstick, lip gloss, lip
pencil, eye shadows, foundation, blush, liquid rouge, facial
powder, make-up, concealer, gel eye color, mascara, lip gloss, eye
pencil, lip pencil, eye make-up remover, eye liners, eye shadow,
lotion eye color, gel eye color, nail polish, lipstick nail polish,
gel polish removers, liquid rouges, blush, and facial powder, skin
care composition, skin cleansing composition, skin cleansing bar,
skin cleansing liquid, facial lotion, facial cream, cream
moisturizer, body wash, body lotion; foot cream, hand cream;
deodorant and antiperspirant sticks, roll-ons, aerosols, gels,
creams, pump sprays, powders, odor-masking, odor-neutralizing,
odor-quenching, odor-inhibiting; cologne sticks, perfumes, shaving
cream, shaving lotion, cream depilatory, lotion depilatory, wax
depilatory, facial mask made with clay materials, anti-aging
product, anti-wrinkle product, anti-cellulite product, cuticle
remover, cuticle cream, acne cream, acne cleansing scrub;
toothpaste, gargle, mouth wash, mouth rinse, film, gum; shampoo,
hair conditioner, hair treatment cream, styling gel, styling foam,
hair mousse, hair spray, set lotion, blow-styling lotion, hair
color lotion, creams and dyes, hair bleaching cream, hair relaxer,
hair straightener, curl activator gel, fragrant hair gloss, bleach,
sun stick and sun screen, artificial tanning products,
skin-whitening products; soaps, hand wash, body scrub, hand scrub,
bubble bath, bath oils, instant hand sanitizer, hand sanitizer
gels, antibacterial hand cleaner, deodorants, anti-perspirants,
baby lotion, diaper rash cream, wet wipe, and baby bath, and
vitamin creams.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein the personal care composition
has a pH between about 4 and 9.
19. The method of claim 13, wherein the personal care composition
has a pH of about 7.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a continuation of U.S.
application Ser. No. 11/705,346, filed Feb. 12, 2007, which claims
the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/772,471,
filed Feb. 10, 2006; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,194,
filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,193,
filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,111,
filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,120,
filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,110,
filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,112,
filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/846,948,
filed Sep. 25, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/853,920,
filed Oct.r 24, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/859,264,
filed Nov. 15, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/872,705,
filed Dec. 4, 2006 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/880,824,
filed Jan. 17, 2007, the disclosures of which are expressly
incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Disclosed herein are personal care and cosmetic compositions
comprising 1,3-propanediol wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said
personal care or cosmetic composition has a bio-based carbon
content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the
1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon
biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol
contributes no anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emissions to the
atmosphere.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Consumers of personal care products and cosmetics consider
many factors in selecting products for use. Recently certain
factors have been a focus of and have driven scientific study and
product development. These driving factors include, product safety,
environmental impact, the extent to which the components are
natural, and the aesthetic quality of the overall product.
Therefore, manufacturers have to be concerned with the
environmental impact of their products. In fact, the effort towards
environmental impact awareness is a universal concern, recognized
by government agencies. The Kyoto Protocol amendment to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) currently
signed by 156 nations is one example of a global effort to favor
safer environmental manufacturing over cost and efficiency. When
applied to personal care products and cosmetics, consumers are
increasingly selective about the origins of the products they
purchase. The 2004 Co-operative Bank's annual Ethical Consumerism
Report (www.co-operativebank.co.uk) disclosed a 30.3% increase in
consumer spending on ethical retail products (a general
classification for environmental safe, organic and fair trade
goods) between 2003 and 2004 while total consumer spending during
the same period rose only 3.7%.
[0004] Glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,
1,3-butylene glycol, and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol are biodegradable
compounds useful in compositions ranging from cosmetics and
personal care formulations to detergents to heat transfer
compositions. While biodegradability is an important factor in
protecting the environment, biodegradation of glycols derived from
fossil-based sources has the unavoidable consequence of releasing
previously fixed CO2 into the atmosphere. Thus, while glycols in
general are advantageous for their biodegradability, the resulting
global warming potential of fossil-based glycols during
biodegradation is significant.
[0005] Carbon dioxide is singled out as the largest component of
the collection of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The level of
atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased 50% in the last two
hundred years. Recent reports indicate that the current level of
atmospheric carbon dioxide is higher than the peak level in the
late Pleistocene, the epoch before modern humans (Siegenthaler, U.
et al. Stable Carbon Cycle--Climate Relationship During the Late
Pleistocene, Science, Vol. 310, no. 5752 (Nov. 25, 2005), pp.
1313-1317). Therefore, any further addition of carbon dioxide to
the atmosphere is thought to further shift the effect of greenhouse
gases from stabilization of global temperatures to that of heating.
Consumers and environmental protection groups alike have identified
industrial release of carbon into the atmosphere as the source of
carbon causing the greenhouse effect.
[0006] Greenhouse gas emission can occur at any point during the
lifetime of a product. Consumers and environmental groups consider
the full lifespan of a product when evaluating a product's
environmental impact. Consumers look for products that do not
contribute new carbon to the atmosphere considering the
environmental impact of production, use and degradation. Only
organic products composed of carbon molecules from plant sugars and
starches and ultimately atmospheric carbon are considered to not
further contribute to the greenhouse effect.
[0007] In addition to adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere,
current methods of industrial production of glycols produce
contaminants and waste products that include among them sulfuric
acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic
acid tartaric acid, acetic acids, Alkali metals, alkaline earth
metals, transitional metals and heavy metals, including Iron,
cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium,
chromium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, rubidium, and
platinum (U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,434,110, 5,034,134, 5,334,778, and 5,10,
036).
[0008] Also of concern to consumers, especially consumers of
personal care products and cosmetic products, is an individual's
reaction to such a product. The rate of development of
hypersensitivity has markedly increased in the US in the last two
decades. Many of these reactions are attributed to trace amount of
substances. Other reactions are of idiopathic origin. Consumers
seek products that are composed of ingredients of a more purified
source and/or of all natural composition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present invention is directed to a personal care or
cosmetic composition comprising 1,3-propanediol and an acceptable
carrier, wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a bio-based carbon
content of at least 1%.
[0010] The present invention is also directed to A method of
reducing irritation associated with a personal care composition,
the method comprising the step of preparing a biodegradable
personal care composition comprising 1,3-propanediol and an
acceptable carrier, wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a bio-based
carbon content of at least 1%, a peroxide concentration of less
than about 10 ppm, a concentration of total organic impurities of
less than about 400 ppm, and a "b" color value of less than about
0.15 and an absorbance at 275 nm of less than about 0.050; wherein
the personal care composition reduces irritation compared to a
personal care composition comprising chemically synthesized
1,3-propanediol and other glycols. 11. The personal care
composition can have a pH between about 4 and 9. In particular, the
personal care can have a pH of about 7.
[0011] The present invention is further directed to a personal care
or cosmetic composition comprising 1,3-propanediol and an active,
wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a bio-based carbon content of at
least 1%.
[0012] The present invention is also directed to a personal care or
cosmetic composition comprising 1,3-propanediol wherein said
1,3-propanediol has an ultraviolet absorption at 220 nm of less
than about 0.200 and at 250 nm of less than about 0.075 and at 275
nm of less than about 0.075.
[0013] The present invention is additionally directed to a personal
care or cosmetic composition comprising 1,3-propanediol wherein
said 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic
impurities of less than about 400 ppm.
[0014] The present invention is even further directed to a personal
care or cosmetic composition comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein
the 1,3-propanediol in said composition has an anthropogenic
CO.sub.2 emission profile of zero upon biodegradation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] FIG. 1 is a graph showing CO.sub.2 emissions for CO.sub.2
fixation from the atmosphere during photosynthesis for renewably
based 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO) (-1.7 kg CO.sub.2/kg product) and
CO.sub.2 release to the atmosphere during biodegradation (kg
CO.sub.2/kg product) for ethylene glycol (EG) (+1.4 kg CO.sub.2/kg
product), propylene glycol (PG) (+1.7 kg CO.sub.2/kg product),
fossil-based 1,3-propanediol (Chem-PDO) (+1.7 kg CO.sub.2/kg
product), and fermentatively-derived 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO)
(+1.7 kg CO.sub.2/kg product).
[0016] FIG. 2 is a graph showing that the net emissions of CO.sub.2
to the atmosphere for renewably based 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO) is
zero (0).
[0017] FIG. 3 is a table that shows the calculations for the data
shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018] Applicants specifically incorporate the entire content of
all cited references in this disclosure. Further, when an amount,
concentration, or other value or parameter is given as either a
range, preferred range, or a list of upper preferable values and
lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically
disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit
or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value,
regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. Where a
range of numerical values is recited herein, unless otherwise
stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof, and
all integers and fractions within the range. It is not intended
that the scope of the invention be limited to the specific values
recited when defining a range.
[0019] Compositions disclosed herein comprise 1,3-propanediol,
having at least 1% bio-based carbon content, as greater as up to
100% of the glycol component of the composition. In one embodiment,
the 1,3-propanediol comprises substantially all of the glycol
component of the composition of the invention. In another
embodiment, the 1,3-propanediol comprises all of the glycol
component of the composition.
1,3-Propanediol
[0020] The terms "bioPDO", "biologically-derived, biodegradable
1,3-propanediol", "biologically derived 1,3-propanediol",
"renewably-based 1,3-propanediol", "renewably-based, biodegradable
1,3-propanediol,""biosourced,and "biologically-produced
1,3-propanediol" and similar terms as used here in refer to
1,3-propanediol derived from microorganism metabolism of
plant-derived sugars composed of carbon of atmospheric origin, and
not composed of fossil-fuel carbon.
Anthropogenic CO.sub.2 Emission Profile
[0021] Applicants' invention relates to personal care and cosmetic
compositions comprising renewably-based, biodegradable
1,3-propanediol, in which said renewably-based, biodegradable
1,3-propanediol has an anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emission profile of
zero (0). An "anthropogenic emission profile" means anthropogenic
CO2 emissions that are contributed to the atmosphere upon
biodegradation of a compound or composition. p
[0022] "Biodegradable" or "Biodegradability" means the capacity of
a compound to be broken down by living organisms to simple, stable
compounds such as carbon dioxide and water.
[0023] Whereas photosynthesis is the process of creating growing
matter through the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and
water (H.sub.2O) into plant material through the action of the sun,
biodegradation is the process of converting organic material back
into CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O through the activity of living
organisms.
[0024] There are many published test methods for measuring the
biodegradability of organic chemicals such as glycols. One
internationally recognized method is ASTM E1720-01, Standard Test
Method for Determining Ready, Ultimate Biodegradability of Organic
Chemicals in a Sealed Vessel CO.sub.2 Production Test.
[0025] Chemicals that demonstrate 60% biodegradation or better in
this test method will biodegrade in most aerobic environments and
are classified as ready biodegradable. All of the glycols referred
to in this document meet this criteria.
[0026] Calculations setting forth the finding that the
1,3-propanediol of the present invention provides no anthropogenic
COs emissions upon biodegradation is set forth below. A table in
support of these calculations is provided in FIG. 3.
[0027] When one molecule of 1,3-propanediol degrades, three
molecules of CO.sub.2 are released into the atmosphere. Because all
of these molecules of CO.sub.2 released during degradation from
"fermentatively-derived" 1,3-propanediol have an atmospheric
origin, the net release of CO.sub.2 to the atmosphere is thus zero.
Comparatively, because a fossil fuel-derived propylene glycol and
fossil-derived 1,3-propanediol contains three carbon atoms which
originate from a fixed carbon source (i.e., the fossil fuel),
degradation of one molecule of fossil fuel-derived propylene glycol
or 1,3-propanediol results in a net release of three molecules of
CO.sub.2 into the atmosphere. Similarly, because fossil
fuel-derived ethylene glycol contains two carbon atoms, which
originate from a fixed carbon source, degradation of one molecule
of fossil fuel-derived ethylene glycol results in a net release of
two molecules of CO.sub.2 into the atmosphere.
[0028] In order to quantify the CO.sub.2 released for one kilogram
of each ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, chemical 1,3-propanediol
and "fermentatively-derived" 1,3 propanediol (Bio-PDO), the product
weight (1 kg) is divided by its molecular weight. For each carbon
atom present in the molecule, one molecule of CO.sub.2 is released.
The molecules of CO.sub.2 are multiplied by the molecular weight of
CO.sub.2 (44 kg/kmole) to quantify the impact of CO.sub.2 release
(kg) per one unit (kg) of product.
Fossil-Fuel based Carbon Feedstock Release
1 kg of fossil fuel derived ethylene glycol*(1 kmol EG/62.068
kg)*(2 kmol CO.sub.2/1 kmol EG)*(44 kg CO.sub.2/kmol CO.sub.2)=1.4
kg CO.sub.2
1 kg of fossil fuel derived propylene glycol*(1 kmol PG/76.094
kg)*(3 kmol CO.sub.2/1 kmol PG)*(44 kg CO.sub.2/kmol CO.sub.2)=1.7
kg CO.sub.2
1 kg of fossil fuel derived 1,3-propanediol*(1 kmol chem-PDO/76.094
kg)*(3 kmol CO.sub.2/1 kmol chem-PDO)*(44 kg CO.sub.2 /kmol
CO.sub.2)=1.7 kg CO.sub.2
Bio-Based Carbon Feedstock Balance
[0029] Capture:
1 kg of Bio-PDO*(1 kmol Bio-PDO/76.094 kg)*(-3 kmol CO.sub.2/1 kmol
Bio-PDO)*(44 kg CO.sub.2 /kmol CO.sub.2)=-1.7 kg CO.sub.2
[0030] Release:
1 kg of Bio-PDO*(1 kmol Bio-PDO/76.094 kg)*(3 kmol CO.sub.2/1 kmol
Bio-PDO)*(44 kg CO.sub.2/kmol CO.sub.2)=1.7 kg CO.sub.2
[0031] Net:
-1.7 kg+1.7 kg=0 kg
[0032] This Bio-based Carbon Feedstock Balance result demonstrates
that there are no anthropogenic CO2 emissions from the
biodegradation of the renewably sourced Bio-PDO. The term
"anthropogenic" means man-made or fossil-derived.
Bio-Based Carbon
[0033] "Carbon of atmospheric origin" as used herein refers to
carbon atoms from carbon dioxide molecules that have recently, in
the last few decades, been free in the earth's atmosphere. Such
carbons in mass are identifiable by the present of particular
radioisotopes as described herein. "Green carbon", "atmospheric
carbon", "environmentally friendly carbon", "life-cycle carbon",
"non-fossil fuel based carbon", "non-petroleum based carbon",
"carbon of atmospheric origin", and "biobased carbon" are used
synonymously herein.
[0034] "Carbon of fossil origin" as used herein refers to carbon of
petrochemical origin. Such carbon has not been exposed to UV rays
as atmospheric carbon has, therefore masses of carbon of fossil
origin has few radioisotopes in their population. Carbon of fossil
origin is identifiable by means described herein. "Fossil fuel
carbon", "fossil carbon", "polluting carbon", "petrochemical
carbon", "petro-carbon" and carbon of fossil origin are used
synonymously herein.
[0035] The abbreviation "IRMS" refers to measurements of CO2 by
high precision stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
[0036] The term "carbon substrate" means any carbon source capable
of being metabolized by a microorganism wherein the substrate
contains at least one carbon atom.
[0037] "Renewably-based" denotes that the carbon content of the
1,3-propanediol is from a "new carbon" source as measured by ASTM
test method D 6866-05 Determining the Biobased Content of Natural
Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass
Spectrometry Analysis, incorporated herein by reference. This test
method measures the C-14/C-12 isotope ratio in a sample and
compares it to the C-14/C-12 isotope ratio in a standard 100%
biobased material to give percent biobased content of the sample.
"Biobased materials" are organic materials in which the carbon
comes from recently (on a human time scale) fixated CO.sub.2
present in the atmosphere using sunlight energy (photosynthesis).
On land, this CO.sub.2 is captured or fixated by plant life (e.g.,
agricultural crops or forestry materials). In the oceans, the
CO.sub.2 is captured or fixated by photosynthesizing bacteria or
phytoplankton. A biobased material has a C-14/C-12 isotope ratio in
range of from 1:0 to greater than 0:1. Contrarily, a fossil-based
material, has a C-14/C-12 isotope ratio of 0:1.
[0038] A small amount of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is
radioactive. This 14C carbon dioxide is created when nitrogen is
struck by an ultra-violet light produced neutron, causing the
nitrogen to lose a proton and form carbon of molecular weight 14
which is immediately oxidized in carbon dioxide. This radioactive
isotope represents a small but measurable fraction of atmospheric
carbon. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is cycled by green plants to
make organic molecules during the process known as photosynthesis.
The cycle is completed when the green plants or other forms of life
metabolize the organic molecules producing carbon dioxide which is
released back to the atmosphere. Virtually all forms of life on
Earth depend on this green plant production of organic molecule to
produce the chemical energy that facilitates growth and
reproduction. Therefore, the 14C that exists in the atmosphere
becomes part of all life forms, and their biological products.
These renewably based organic molecules that biodegrade to CO2 do
not contribute to global warming as there is no net increase of
carbon emitted to the atmosphere. In contrast, fossil fuel based
carbon does not have the signature radiocarbon ratio of atmospheric
carbon dioxide.
[0039] Atmospheric origin and fixed carbon source as used herein
are relative terms in that the time period of when CO2 is of
atmospheric or fixed origin relates to the life cycle of the
1,3-propanediol. Thus, while it is quite possible that, at one
time, carbon from a fossil fuel was found in the atmosphere (and,
as a corollary, that atmospheric CO2 may one day be incorporated
into a fixed carbon source), for purposes herein carbon is
considered to be from a fixed carbon source until it is released
into the atmosphere by degradation.
[0040] Assessment of the renewably based carbon in a material can
be performed through standard test methods. Using radiocarbon and
isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis, the biobased content of
materials can be determined. ASTM International, formally known as
the American Society for Testing and Materials, has established a
standard method for assessing the biobased content of materials.
The ASTM method is designated ASTM-D6866.
[0041] The application of ASTM-D6866 to derive a "biobased content"
is built on the same concepts as radiocarbon dating, but without
use of the age equations. The analysis is performed by deriving a
ratio of the amount of radiocarbon (14C) in an unknown sample to
that of a modem reference standard. The ratio is reported as a
percentage with the units "pMC" (percent modern carbon). If the
material being analyzed is a mixture of present day radiocarbon and
fossil carbon (containing no radiocarbon), then the pMC value
obtained correlates directly to the amount of Biomass material
present in the sample.
[0042] The modern reference standard used in radiocarbon dating is
a NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) standard
with a known radiocarbon content equivalent approximately to the
year AD 1950. AD 1950 was chosen since it represented a time prior
to thermo-nuclear weapons testing which introduced large amounts of
excess radiocarbon into the atmosphere with each explosion (termed
"bomb carbon"). The AD 1950 reference represents 100 pMC.
[0043] "Bomb carbon" in the atmosphere reached almost twice normal
levels in 1963 at the peak of testing and prior to the treaty
halting the testing. Its distribution within the atmosphere has
been approximated since its appearance, showing values that are
greater than 100 pMC for plants and animals living since AD 1950.
It's gradually decreased over time with today's value being near
107.5 pMC. This means that a fresh biomass material such as corn
could give a radiocarbon signature near 107.5 pMC.
[0044] Combining fossil carbon with present day carbon into a
material will result in a dilution of the present day pMC content.
By presuming 107.5 pMC represents present day biomass materials and
0 pMC represents petroleum derivatives, the measured pMC value for
that material will reflect the proportions of the two component
types. A material derived 100% from present day soybeans would give
a radiocarbon signature near 107.5 pMC. If that material was
diluted with 50% petroleum derivatives, it would give a radiocarbon
signature near 54 pMC.
[0045] A biomass content result is derived by assigning 100% equal
to 107.5 pMC and 0% equal to 0 pMC. In this regard, a sample
measuring 99 pMC will give an equivalent biobased content result of
93%.
[0046] A sample of "fermentatively-derived" 1,3-propanediol was
submitted by DuPont to Iowa State University for biobased content
analysis using ASTM method D 6866-05. The results received from
Iowa State University demonstrated that the above sample was 100%
bio-based content (ref: Norton,Glenn. Results of Radiocarbon
Analyses on samples from DuPont Bio-Based Materials--reported
07-08-05).
[0047] Assessment of the materials described herein were done in
accordance with ASTM-D6866. The mean values quoted in this report
encompasses an absolute range of 6% (plus and minus 3% on either
side of the biobased content value) to account for variations in
end-component radiocarbon signatures. It is presumed that all
materials are present day or fossil in origin and that the desired
result is the amount of biobased component "present" in the
material, not the amount of biobased material "used" in the
manufacturing process.
[0048] Results of Radiocarbon Analyses on Samples from DuPont
Bio-Based
[0049] Materials
[0050] Reported 07-08-05
TABLE-US-00001 PRODUCT BIOBASED CONTENT (%) 1,3-Propanediol 100
[0051] There may be certain instances wherein a personal care or
cosmetic composition of the invention may comprise a combination of
a biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol and one or more non
biologically-derived glycol components, such as , for example,
chemically synthesized 1,3-propanediol. In such occasions, it may
be difficult, if not impossible to determine which percentage of
the glycol composition is biologically-derived, other than by
calculating the bio-based carbon content of the glycol component.
In this regard, in the personal care and cosmetic compositions of
the invention, the glycol component, and in particular, the
1,3-propanediol, can comprise at least about 1% bio-based carbon
content up to 100% bio-based carbon content, and any percentage
therebetween.
Purity
[0052] "Substantially purified," as used by applicants to describe
the biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol produced by the process
of the invention, denotes a composition comprising 1,3-propanediol
having at least one of the following characteristics: 1) an
ultraviolet absorption at 220 nm of less than about 0.200 and at
250 nm of less than about 0.075 and at 275 nm of less than about
0.075; or 2) a composition having L*a*b* "b*" color value of less
than about 0.15 and an absorbance at 270 nm of less than about
0.075; or 3) a peroxide composition of less than about 10 ppm; or
4) a concentration of total organic impurities of less than about
400 ppm.
[0053] A "b*" value is the spectrophotometrically determined
"Yellow Blue measurement as defined by the CIE L*a*b* measurement
ASTM D6290.
[0054] The abbreviation "AMS" refers to accelerator mass
spectrometry.
[0055] By the acronym "NMR" is meant nuclear magnetic
resonance.
[0056] By the terms "color" and "color bodies" is meant the
existence of visible color that can be quantified using a
spectrocolorimeter in the range of visible light, using wavelengths
of approximately 400-800 nm, and by comparison with pure water.
Reaction conditions can have an important effect on the nature of
color production. Examples of relevant conditions include the
temperatures used, the catalyst and amount of catalyst. While not
wishing to be bound by theory, we believe color precursors include
trace amounts of impurities comprising olefinic bonds, acetals and
other carbonyl compounds, peroxides, etc. At least some of these
impurities may be detected by such methods as UV spectroscopy, or
peroxide titration.
[0057] "Color index" refers to an analytic measure of the
electromagnetic radiation-absorbing properties of a substance or
compound.
[0058] Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol useful in personal care
and cosmetic compositions disclosed herein has at least one of the
following characteristics: 1) an ultraviolet absorption at 220 nm
of less than about 0.200 and at 250 nm of less than about 0.075 and
at 275 nm of less than about 0.075; or 2) a composition having
L*a*b* "b*" color value of less than about 0.15 and an absorbance
at 270 n m of less than about 0.075; or 3) a peroxide composition
of less than about 10 ppm; or 4) a concentration of total organic
impurities of less than about 400 ppm. A "b*" value is the
spectrophotometrically determined Yellow Blue measurement as
defined by the CIE L*a*b* measurement ASTM D6290.
[0059] The level of 1,3-propanediol purity can be characterized in
a number of different ways. For example, measuring the remaining
levels of contaminating organic impurities is one useful measure.
Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a purity level of
less than about 400 ppm total organic contaminants; preferably less
than about 300 ppm; and most preferably less than about 150 ppm.
The term ppm total organic purity refers to parts per million
levels of carbon-containing compounds (other than 1,3-propanediol)
as measured by gas chromatography.
[0060] Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can also be
characterized using a number of other parameters, such as
ultraviolet light absorbance at varying wavelengths. The
wavelengths 220 nm, 240 nm and 270 nm have been found to be useful
in determining purity levels of the composition.
Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a purity level
wherein the UV absorption at 220 nm is less than about 0.200 and at
240 nm is less than about 0.075 and at 270 nm is less than about
0.075.
[0061] Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a b* color
value (CIE L*a*b*) of less than about 0.15.
[0062] The purity of biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol
compositions can also be assessed in a meaningful way by measuring
levels of peroxide. Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a
concentration of peroxide of less than about 10 ppm.
[0063] It is believed that the aforementioned purity level
parameters for biologically-derived and purified 1,3-propanediol
(using methods similar or comparable to those disclosed in U.S.
Patent Application No. 2005/0069997) distinguishes such
compositions from 1,3-propanediol compositions prepared from
chemically purified 1,3-propanediol derived from petroleum sources,
as per the prior art.
Fermentation
[0064] "Biologically produced" means organic compounds produced by
one or more species or strains of living organisms, including
particularly strains of bacteria, yeast, fungus and other microbes.
"Bio-produced" and biologically produced are used synonymously
herein. Such organic compounds are composed of carbon from
atmospheric carbon dioxide converted to sugars and starches by
green plants.
[0065] "Biologically-based" means that the organic compound is
synthesized from biologically produced organic components. It is
further contemplated that the synthesis process disclosed herein is
capable of effectively synthesizing other monoesters and diesters
from bio-produced alcohols other than 1,3-propanediol; particularly
including ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol,
1,2-propylene glycol, dipropylene diol, tripropylene diol, 2-methyl
1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol and bisphenol A. "Bio-based", and
"bio-sourced"; "biologically derived"; and "bio-derived" are used
synonymously herein.
[0066] "Fermentation" as used refers to the process of metabolizing
simple sugars into other organic compounds. As used herein
fermentation specifically refers to the metabolism of plant derived
sugars, such sugar are composed of carbon of atmospheric
origin.
[0067] Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can be obtained based
upon use of the fermentation broth ("fermentatively-derived")
generated by a genetically-engineered Eschericia coli (E. coli)
previously disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,276.
However, other single organisms, or combinations of organisms, may
be used to biologically produce 1,3-propanediol, using organisms
that have been genetically-engineered according to methods known in
the art. "Fermentation" refers to a system that catalyzes a
reaction between substrate(s) and other nutrients to product(s)
through use of a biocatalyst. The biocatalysts can be a whole
organism, an isolated enzyme, or any combination or component
thereof that is enzymatically active. Fermentation systems useful
for producing and purifying biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol
are disclosed in, for example, Published U.S. Patent Application
No. 2005/0069997 incorporated herein by reference.
[0068] The biologically derived 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO) for use
in the current invention, produced by the process described herein,
contains carbon from the atmosphere incorporated by plants, which
compose the feedstock for the production of Bio-PDO. In this way,
the Bio-PDO used in the compositions of the invention contains only
renewable carbon, and not fossil fuel based, or petroleum based
carbon. Therefore the compositions of the invention have less
impact on the environment as the propanediol used in the
compositions does not deplete diminishing fossil fuels and, upon
degradation releases carbon back to the atmosphere for use by
plants once again. Thus, the present invention can be characterized
as more natural and having less environmental impact than similar
compositions comprising petroleum based glycols.
[0069] Moreover, as the purity of the Bio-PDO utilized in the
compositions of the invention is higher than chemically synthesized
1,3-propanediol and other glycols, risk of introducing impurities
that may cause irritation is reduced by its use over commonly used
glycols, such as propylene glycol.
[0070] This 1,3-propanediol of the invention can be isolated from
the fermentation broth and is incorporated into personal care and
cosmetic compositions of the invention, by processes as are known
to those of ordinary skill in the applicable art.
Renewably-Based, Biodegradable 1,3-propanediol-Containing
Compositions
[0071] As mentioned above, 1,3-propanediol can be incorporated into
numerous compositions as a glycol component. For example,
1,3-propanediol can be part of or the sole glycol component of
personal care and cosmetic compositions.
[0072] It is contemplated herein that other renewably-based or
biologically-derived glycols, such as ethylene glycol, dietheylene
glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2 propylene glycol, dipropylene
glycol, tripropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol and bisphenol A,
among others, can be used in the personal care and cosmetic
compositions of the present invention.
[0073] While in it is a general practice in the art to distinguish
between personal care compositions and cosmetic compositions,
indeed it is often the case certain personal care products will
often be referred to as cosmetic products, and vice versa. As such,
in order to simplify and avoid confusion, it is intended, for
purposes of this application, that the words "personal care" and
"cosmetics", while used separately at times, will be considered
synonymous and will be used interchangeably throughout the
application to describe the compositions of this invention.
[0074] In compositions of the invention that are generally referred
to in the art as cosmetic compositions (also referred to in the art
as endermic liminent compositions), Bio-PDO can serve as a
humectant, solvent, neutralizer, preservative, emulsifier,
emollient, softening agent, handfeel effector, water activity
reducer and/or fragrance enhancer. Similarly, in compositions of
the invention that are generally referred to in the art as personal
care compositions, the Bio-PDO typically serves as a surfactant,
humectant, solvent, neutralizer, emulsifier, preservative and/or
fragrance enhancer.
[0075] Some examples of typical personal care and cosmetic
compositions include, but are not limited to, lipstick, lip gloss,
lip pencil, eye shadows, foundation, blush, liquid rouge, facial
powder, make-up, concealer, gel eye color, mascara, lip gloss, eye
pencil, lip pencil, eye make-up remover, eye liners, eye shadow,
lotion eye color, gel eye color, nail polish, lipstick nail polish,
gel polish removers, liquid rouges, blush, and facial powder, skin
care composition, skin cleansing composition, skin cleansing bar,
skin cleansing liquid, facial lotion, facial cream, cream
moisturizer, body wash, body lotion; foot care products like foot
cream, hand cream; deodorant and antiperspirant sticks, roll-ons,
aerosols, gels, creams, pump sprays, powders, odor-masking,
odor-neutralizing, odor-quenching, odor-inhibiting; cologne sticks,
perfumes, shaving cream, shaving lotion, cream depilatory, lotion
depilatory, wax depilatory, facial mask made with clay materials,
anti-aging product, anti-wrinkle product, anti-cellulite product,
cuticle remover, cuticle cream, acne cream, acne cleansing scrub;
oral products like toothpaste, gargle, mouth wash, mouth rinse,
film, gum; shampoo, hair care products like conditioner, hair
treatment cream, styling gel, styling foam, hair mousse, hair
spray, set lotion, blow-styling lotion, hair color lotion, creams
and dyes, hair bleaching cream, hair relaxer, hair straightener,
curl activator gel, fragrant hair gloss, dressings (styling
products & aids); bleach; sun care products like sun stick and
sun screen, artificial tanning products, skin-whitening products;
soaps, hand wash, body scrub, hand scrub, bubble bath, bath oils,
instant hand sanitizer, hand sanitizer gels, antibacterial hand
cleaner, deodorants, anti-perspirants, baby lotion, diaper rash
cream, wet wipe, and baby bath, and vitamin creams, among others.
This list is not intended to be all-inclusive or otherwise limiting
in any way, and those having skill in the art are very familiar
with all types of personal care and cosmetic products that can
function effectively with the Bio-PDO glycol component of the
invention.
[0076] Bio-PDO can be present in the aforementioned personal care
and cosmetics compositions in amounts well known to those of
ordinary skill in the appropriate art, typically up to about 12% by
weight based on the weight of the total composition, though some
compositions, for example, bath preparations may contain as much as
50% glycol, and some specialty formulations like vitamin creams can
contain even higher percentages of glycol up to as much as 65%, and
deodorants up to as much as 85%.
Preferred Bio-PDO Concentration Ranges
[0077] Baby products, such as, for example, baby shampoos, soaps,
wipes, lotions, oils, powders, and creams, wherein preferred
Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from about 0.1% to about 25% by
weight, and more preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight,
and even more preferably 1 to 5%.
[0078] Bath preparations such as, for example, bath oils, tablets,
and salts; bubble baths and bath capsules, wherein preferred
Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from about 0.001% to about 50%,
and more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, and even more
preferably from about 1% to about 5%.
[0079] Eye makeup preparations such as, for example, eyebrow
pencil; eyeliner; eye shadow; eye lotion; eye makeup remover; and
mascara, wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from
about 0.001% to about 75%, more preferably 0.01% to about 25%, and
even more preferably, 0.05% to about 5%.
[0080] Fragrance preparations such as, for example, colognes and
toilet waters; perfumes; powders (dusting and talcum) (excluding
aftershave talc); and sachets, wherein preferred Bio-PDO
concentration ranges are from about 0.001% to about 99%, more
preferably from about 0.01% to about 10%, and even more preferably
from about 0.05% to about 5%.
[0081] Hair preparations (noncoloring) such as, for example, hair
conditioners; hair sprays (aerosol fixatives); hair straighteners;
permanent waves; rinses (noncoloring); shampoos (noncoloring);
tonics, dressings, and other hair grooming aids; and wave sets,
wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from about
0.001% to about 90%, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 50%,
and even more preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%.
[0082] Hair coloring preparations such as, for example, hair dyes
and colors (requiring caution statement & patch test); hair
tints; hair rinses (coloring); hair shampoos (coloring); hair color
sprays (aerosol); hair lighteners with color; and hair bleaches,
wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from about
0.001% to about 50%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 25%,
and even more preferably, from about 1% to about 10%.
[0083] Makeup preparations (not eye) such as, for example, blushers
(all types); face powders; foundations; leg and body paints;
lipstick; makeup bases; rouges; and makeup fixatives, wherein
preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from about 0.001% to
about 99%, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 25%, and even
more preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%.
[0084] Manicuring preparations such as, for example, basecoats and
undercoats; cuticle softeners; nail creams and lotions; nail
extenders; nail polish and enamel; and Nail polish and enamel
removers, wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from
about 0.001% to about 50%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about
10%, and even more preferably from about 1% to about 5%.
[0085] Oral hygiene products such as, for example, dentifrices
(aerosol, liquid, pastes, and powders); and mouthwashes and breath
fresheners (liquids and sprays), wherein preferred Bio-PDO
concentration ranges are from about 0.001% to about 80%, and more
preferably from about 1% to about 5%.
[0086] Personal cleanliness products, such as, for example, bath
soaps and detergents; deodorants (underarm); antiperspirants;
douches; and feminine hygiene deodorants, wherein preferred Bio-PDO
concentration ranges are from about 0.001% to about 99%, more
preferably from about 0.01% to about 50%, and even more preferably
from about 0.05% to about 10%.
[0087] Shaving preparations such as, for example, shaving lotions,
aftershave lotions; beard softeners; men's talcum; preshave lotions
(all types); shaving cream (aerosol, brushless, and lather); and
shaving soap (cakes, sticks, etc.), wherein preferred Bio-PDO
concentration ranges are from about 0.001% to about 50%, more
preferably from about 0.01% to about 10%, and even more preferably
from about 0.1% to about 5%.
[0088] Skin care preparations (creams, lotions, powder, and
sprays), such as, for example, cleansing (cold creams, cleansing
lotions, liquids, and pads); depilatories; face and neck (excluding
shaving preparations); body and hand (excluding shaving
preparations); foot powders and sprays; hormone products;
moisturizing; night; paste masks (mud packs); skin lighteners; skin
fresheners; and wrinkle-smoothing products (removers), wherein
preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from about 0.001% to
about 50%, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 15%, and even
more preferably from about 0.05% to about 5%.
[0089] Suntan preparations such as, for example, suntan gels,
creams, liquids, powders, sticks and sprays; and indoor tanning
preparations; wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are
from about 0.001% to about 25%, and more preferably from about 1%
to about 10%.
[0090] Preservatives (antiseptic/antifungal/antimicrobial agents),
such as, for example, parabens; salicylic acid; sorbic acid; and
phenoxy elthanol, wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges
are from about 0.001% to about 100%, and more preferably from about
95% to about 99.99%.
Typical Broad Formulations for Certain End Use Applications
[0091] Set forth in this section are general, broad range
formulations for a handful of personal care and cosmetic end use
applications intended to provide the reader with a general idea of
the variety of applications and uses for Bio-PDO in personal care
and cosmetic products. This section is by no means intended to be
limiting in any way, and those having skill in the art can readily
determine appropriate uses of Bio-PDO as a glycol component in all
other known personal care and cosmetic products.
Skin Products
[0092] Some examples of vehicles for skin product formulations
include oil-in-water emulsion (0/W), water-in-oil emulsion (W/O),
water-in-silicon (W/Si), Oleaginous emulsion, water-soluble
emulsion, aqueous gel emulsion and absorption bases emulsion.
[0093] A typical 0/W skin product formulation may include 5%-35%
surfactant, 2%-15% emulsifier, 0.5%-15% Bio-PDO and 5%-60%
water.
[0094] A typical W/0 skin product formulation may include 45%-80%
surfactant, 0.5%-5% emulsifier, 0.5%-15% Bio-PDO and 20%-50%
water.
[0095] A typical 0/W/0 & W/O/W skin product formulation may
include 18%-23% surfactant , 3%-8% emulsifier, 0.5%-15% Bio-PDO and
60%-70% water.
[0096] A typical W/Si & 0/Si skin product formulation may
include 5-35% surfactant, 2%-3% emulsifier, 0.5%-15% Bio-PDO; and
60%-80% water.
Hair Products
[0097] Some examples of vehicles for hair product formulations
include oil-in-water emulsion (0/W), water-in-oil emulsion (W/O),
Water-in-silicon (W/Si), oleaginous, water-soluble, aqueous gel,
and absorption bases, among others.
[0098] A typical shampoo & conditioner may include 0.1-40%
surfactant; 0.1-10% Bio-PDO, and 35-55% water.
[0099] A typical liquid & cream color dye may include 70-80%
dye base, 5-25% Bio-PDO, 0.1-5% dye intermediates, and 0.1-10%
developer
[0100] A typical relaxer or straightener formulation may include
30-60% oil/wax, 10-60% water, 1-10% Bio-PDO, and 0.1-5.0%
caustic.
[0101] A typical dressing formulation may include 0.01-7% film
former/plasticizer, 0.01-90% Bio-PDO, 0-30% propellant and 10-90%
water.
Oral Products
[0102] Some examples of vehicles for oral product formulations
include solid forms, such as paste, gel, cream, and ointment; and
liquid forms such as washes, rinses, gargles, and sprays.
[0103] A typical tooth paste/gel/cream/ointment formulation may
include 1-60/15-55/30-50% abrasive, 1-80/1-50/1-30% Bio-PDO;
0.01-30/0.1-15/0.5-5% thickener, 0.01-10/0.1-7.5/0.5-5% surfactant,
and 0.0001-2/0.001-1/0.01-0.5% antiseptic.
[0104] A typical mouth wash/rinse/gargle/spray may include
0.1-55/0.5-40/1-25% Bio-PDO, 0.1-55/0.5-40/1-25% alcohol,
0.01-10/0.1-7.5/0.5-5% thickener, 0.001-2/0.01-1/0.1-0.5%
surfactant, and 0.0001-5/0.001-2.5/0.01-1% antiseptic.
Color Cosmetics
[0105] Some examples of vehicles for color cosmetic formulations
include, for foundation: O/W & W/O emulsions, anhydrous powders
& sticks, and oil & aqueous suspensions; for mascara: O/W
& W/O emulsions and anhydrous solvent; for eyeliner: aqueous
and anhydrous; for eye shadow: creams and powders; for blushers:
powders; and for lip Color: gloss & matte (classical) and
solvent (Volatile).
[0106] A typical formulation for an O/W foundation product may
include 2%-15% emulsifier, 50%-75% Bio-PDO, 6%-12% pigment and
8%-12% pearlizer
[0107] A typical formulation for a W/O foundation product may
include 4%-6% emulsifier, 50%-75% Bio-PDO, 6%-12% pigment and
8%-12% pearlizer.
[0108] A typical formulation for an anhydrous foundation product
may include 30-60% Bio-PDO, 5-10% wax, 0.5-1.0% wetting agents, and
30-60% texturizing agent.
[0109] A typical formulation for a O/W, W/O mascara product may
include 4%-10% emulsifier, 2%-5% thickener, 40%-60% Bio-PDO and
6%-12% pigment.
[0110] A typical formulation for a solvent-based mascara product
may include 40-60% Bio-PDO 10-20% wax, 3-10% resin, 3-7% thickener,
5-15% colorant, and 2-10% filler.
[0111] A typical formulation for an eye shadow product may include
35-55% Bio-PDO, 1.5-3.5% thickener, 7-12% wax, 3-8% emollient,
5-20% colorant, and 5-20% filler.
[0112] A typical formulation for an eye liner product may include
50-70% water, 0.5-1.5% thickener, 4-12% Bio-PDO, 10-20% colorant,
5-10% alcohol, and 3-8% dispersant.
[0113] A typical formulation for a classical lipstick product may
include 40-70% Bio-PDO, 8-15% wax, 2-5% plasticizer, 0.5-8%
colorant, 1-6% pearlizer, 1-15% filler and 0.1-0.5%
preservative.
[0114] A typical formulation for a volatile lipstick product may
include 25-60% solvent, 1-85% Bio-PDO, 10-25% wax, 1-10% fixative,
1-15% filler and 1-15% colorant.
[0115] Deodorants
[0116] Some examples of vehicles for deodorant formulations include
sticks, aerosols and pump sprays, among others well known in the
art.
[0117] A typical formulation for a stick deodorant may include 5-9%
emulsifier, 1-30% Bio-PDO , 5-80% clarifying agent, and 0.1-2%
deodorizer.
[0118] A typical formulation for an aerosol deodorant may include
0.1-2% emulsifier, 30-50% Bio-PDO, 5-80% clarifying agent, 0.1-2%
deodorizer, and 40-60% propellant
[0119] A typical formulation for a hydroalcoholic pump spray
deodorant may include 30-40% solvent, 50-70% Bio-PDO, 0.1-5%
solubilizer, and 0.1-5% deodorizer.
[0120] A typical formulation for a Phase Inversion Temperature
Emulsion (PIT) emulsion pump spray deodorant may include 0.1-10%
surfactant, 0.1-15% oil, 65-85% Bio-PDO, and 0.1-5% deodorizer.
Antiperspirants
[0121] Some examples of vehicles for antiperspirant formulations
include sticks (suspension, gel, and emulsion), roll-ons (Emulsion
O/W, W/O, W/Si, Clear Hydroalcoholic and suspension), and aerosols,
among others well known in the art.
[0122] A typical stick antiperspirant formulation may include 1-30%
gel agent, 15-55% Bio-PDO, 1-20% emollient, 0-20% surfactant, and
15-55% antiperspirant.
[0123] A typical roll-on antiperspirant formulation may include
0-5% surfactant, 0.5-15% gel agent, 0-5% emollient, 15-25%
antiperspirant and 60-85% Bio-PDO.
[0124] A typical aerosol antiperspirant formulation may include
0.1-2% gel agent, 5-15% antiperspirant, 5-20% Bio-PDO, and 70-80%
propellant.
Ingredient Listings:
[0125] Cosmetic and personal care compositions of the invention
preferably contain Bio-PDO and one or more conventional cosmetic or
dermatological additives or adjuvants including, but not limited
to, carriers; actives; fillers; surfactants; thixotropic agents;
antioxidants; preserving agents; dyes; pigments; fragrances;
thickeners; vitamins; hormones; moisturizers; UV absorbing
sunscreens; UV scattering inorganic sunscreens; wetting agents;
cationic, anionic, nonionic, or amphoteric polymers; and hair
coloring active substances.
[0126] Conventional optional ingredients are well known to those
skilled in the art. These include, but are not limited to,
emollients, oil absorbents, antimicrobial agents, binders,
buffering agents, denaturants, cosmetic astringents, external
analgesics, film formers, humectants, opacifying agents, perfumes,
pigments, skin soothing and healing agents, preservatives,
propellants, skin penetration enhancers, solvents, suspending
agents, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, thickening agents,
solubilizing agents, waxes, inorganic and organic sunblocks,
sunless tanning agents, antioxidants and/or radical scavengers,
chelating agents, anti-acne agents, anti-inflammatory agents,
desquamation agents/exfoliants, organic hydroxy acids, vitamins,
natural extracts and inorganic particulates such as silica and
boron nitride. Nonexclusive examples of such materials are
described in Harry's Cosmeticology, 7th Ed., Harry & Wilkinson
(Hill Publishers, London 1982); in Pharmaceutical Dosage
Forms--Disperse Systems; Lieberman, Rieger & Banker, Vols. 1
(1988) & 2 (1989); Marcel Decker, Inc.; in The Chemistry and
Manufacture of Cosmetics, 2nd. Ed., deNavarre (Van Nostrand
1962-1965); and in The Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology,
1st Ed. Knowlton & Pearce (Elsevier 1993) can also be used in
the present invention.
[0127] However, it is to be understood that the active and other
ingredients useful herein can in some instances provide more than
one cosmetic and/or therapeutic benefit or operate via more than
one mode of action. Such components are particularly preferred
additional ingredients, their use often saving both money and
formulation space. Examples of such components include ethanol,
isopropyl myristate, and the many components that can act as both
structurants and sensory modifiers, for example silica. Therefore,
classifications herein are made for the sake of convenience and are
not intended to limit an ingredient to the particularly stated
application or applications listed.
[0128] The adjuvants are well known in the field of cosmetics and
are described in many publications, for example see Harry's
Cosmeticology, 8.sup.th Edition, Martin Rieger, ed. Chemical
Publishing, New York (2000). Amounts of adjuvants generally present
in the aforementioned cosmetic and personal care compositions are
well known in the art (see, e.g., co-owned, co-filed U.S. Patent
Application entitled "Personal Care Compositions", Attorney Docket
No. CL3428 US PRV
Carriers
[0129] The compositions of the present invention preferably
comprise a safe and effective amount of an acceptable carrier,
suitable for topical application to the skin within which the
essential materials and optional other materials are incorporated
to enable the essential materials and optional components to be
delivered to the skin at an appropriate concentration. The carrier
can thus act as a diluent, dispersant, solvent, or the like for any
active ingredients which ensures that they can be applied to, and
distributed evenly over, the selected target at an appropriate
concentration.
[0130] The type of carrier utilized in the present invention
depends on the types of product form desired for the composition.
The topical compositions useful in the subject invention may be
made into a wide variety of product forms such as are known in the
art. These include but are not limited to lotions, creams, gels,
sticks, sprays, ointments, pastes and mousses. These product forms
may comprise several types of carriers including, but not limited
to, solutions, aerosols, emulsions, gels, solids and liposomes.
[0131] It is preferred that the carrier(s) of the invention contain
a dermatologically acceptable, hydrophilic diluent, such as,
preferably, renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol.
Actives
Actives for Regulating Skin Condition
[0132] The compositions of the invention optionally comprise a safe
and effective amount of an active for regulating skin condition
including prophylactically and therapeutically regulating the skin
condition. Prophylactically regulating skin condition includes
delaying, minimizing, and/or preventing visible and/or tactile
discontinuities in the skin. Therapeutically regulating the skin
condiments includes ameliorating e.g., diminishing, minimising,
and/or effacing such discontinuities. Regulating the skin condition
also involves improving the skin appearance and/or feel. Also
included is regulating the signs of ageing which can involve
prophylactically regulating and/or therapeutically regulating one
or more of such signs e.g., fine lines, wrinkles, pores etc.
[0133] Ingredients that are known to be useful for regulating the
skin condition are selected from Vitamin B3 compounds, retinoids,
and combinations thereof. As described for the humectants, the
aforementioned compounds may, when used by themselves, give rise to
a high level of tack, especially when used at the higher levels. It
has been found, however, that this tacky feel can be offset by
using the particulates of the present invention. The compositions
of the present invention preferably comprise from about 0.1% to
about 15%, more preferably from about 0.3% to about 10%, even more
preferably from about 1 to about 5% of the active.
[0134] As used herein, "vitamin B3 compound" means a compound
having the formula: 1
[0135] wherein R is --CONH.sub.2 (i.e., niacinamide), --COOH (i.e.,
nicotinic acid) or --CH.sub.2OH (i.e., nicotinyl alcohol);
derivatives thereof; and salts of any of the foregoing. One or more
vitamin B.sub.3 compounds, or their salts, or mixtures thereof may
be used herein. In a preferred embodiment, the vitamin B.sub.3
compound typically contains less than about 50% of the compound in
a salt form. As used herein, "retinoid" includes all natural and/or
synthetic analogues of Vitamin A or retinol-like compounds which
possess the biological activity of Vitamin A in the skin as well as
the geometric isomers and stereoisomers of these compounds. Again,
all skin regulating materials discussed in application WO 00/24372
should be considered as suitable for use in the present
invention.
Anti-Bacterial Actives
[0136] Any antibacterial active acceptable for underarm application
can be used in the deodorant compositions. Antibacterial
ingredients, by non-limiting example, include those selected from
the group consisting of triclosan, bacteriostatic quaternary
ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium
chloride, cetyl pyridium chloride, lauryl pyridium chloride and
methyl benzethonium chloride; triclocarbon; zinc phenol sulfonate;
zinc ricinoleate; triethyl citrate; essential oils; and
combinations thereof and the like. The most preferred deodorant
active is triclosan. The fragrance may also have antibacterial
properties.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
[0137] A safe and effective amount of an anti-inflammatory agent
may be added to the compositions of the subject invention,
preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, more preferably from about
0.1% to about 2%, of the composition. The anti-inflammatory agent
enhances the skin appearance benefits of the present invention,
e.g., such agents contribute to a more uniform and acceptable skin
tone or colour. The exact amount of anti-inflammatory agent to be
used in the compositions will depend on the particular
anti-inflammatory agent utilised since such agents vary widely in
potency. Anti-inflammatory agents useful herein include steroids
such as hydrocortisone; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen; panthenol and ether and ester
derivatives thereof e.g. panthenol ethyl ether, panthenyl
triacetate; pantothenic acid and salt and ester derivatives
thereof, especially calcium pantothenate; aloe vera, bisabolol,
allantoin and compounds of the liquorice (the plant genus/species
Glycyrrhiza glabra) family, including glycyrrhetic acid,
glycyrrhizic acid, and derivatives thereof e.g. salts such as
ammonium glycyrrhizinate and esters such as stearyl
glycyrrhetinate. Particularly preferred herein are panthenol,
pantothenic acid and their ether, ester or salt derivatives and
mixtures thereof; suitable levels are from about 0.1 to about 5%,
preferably from about 0.5 to about 3%. Panthenol is especially
preferred.
Antimicrobial Agents
[0138] Conventional organic anti-microbial agents may also be
advantageously employed in the methods and products of the present
invention. Levels of incorporation are preferably from 0.01% to 3%,
more preferably from 0.03% to 0.5% by weight of the composition in
which they are present, excluding any volatile propellant also
present. Most of the classes of agents commonly used in the art can
be utilised. Preferred additional organic anti-microbials are
bactericides, for example quaternary ammonium compounds, like
cetyltrimethylammonium salts; chlorhexidine and salts thereof; and
diglycerol monocaprate, diglycerol monolaurate, glycerol
monolaurate, and similar materials, as described in "Deodorant
Ingredients", S. A. Makin and M. R. Lowry, in "Antiperspirants and
Deodorants", Ed. K. Laden (1999, Marcel Dekker, New York). More
preferred additional anti-microbials for use in the compositions of
the invention are polyhexamethylene biguanide salts;
2,4,4'-trichloro,2'-hydroxy-diphen-yl ether (triclosan); and
3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienol (farnesol).
[0139] Inorganic anti-microbial agents may also be used in the
compositions of the invention. Such materials can often function as
anti-perspirant actives when present at a suitable concentration.
Examples are often selected from astringent active salts,
including, in particular, aluminium, zirconium and mixed
aluminium/zirconium salts, including both inorganic salts, salts
with organic anions and complexes. Preferred astringent salts
include aluminium, zirconium and aluminium/zirconium halides and
halohydrate salts, such as chlorohydrates. When included, preferred
levels of incorporation are from 0.5% to 60%, particularly from 5%
to 30% or 40% and especially from 5% or 10% to 30% or 35% by weight
of a composition. Especially preferred aluminium halohydrate salts,
known as activated aluminium chlorohydrates, are described in EP
6,739 (Unilever PLC and NV). Zirconium aluminium chlorohydrate
actives are also preferred materials, as are the so-called ZAG
(zirconium-aluminium-glycine) complexes, for example those
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,792,068 (Procter and Gamble Co.). Zinc
phenol sulphonate may also be used, preferably at up to 3% by
weight of the composition.
Anti-Oxidants/Radical Scavengers
[0140] Compositions of the subject invention can further include an
anti-oxidant/radical scavenger. The anti-oxidant/radical scavenger
is especially useful for providing protection against UV radiation
which can cause increased scaling or texture changes in the stratum
corneum and against other environmental agents which can cause skin
damage. Suitable amounts are from about 0.1% to about 10%, more
preferably from about 1% to about 5%, of the composition.
[0141] Anti-oxidants/radical scavengers such as ascorbic acid
(vitamin C) and its salts, ascorbyl esters of fatty acids, ascorbic
acid derivatives (e.g., magnesium ascorbyl phosphate),
.beta.-carotene, tocopherol (vitamin E), tocopherol sorbate,
tocopherol acetate, other esters of tocopherol, butylated hydroxy
benzoic acids and their salts, gallic acid and its alkyl esters,
especially propyl gallate, uric acid and its salts and alkyl
esters, sorbic acid and its salts, amines (e.g.,
N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, amino-guanidine), sulfhydryl compounds
(e.g., glutathione), dihydroxy fumaric acid and its salts,
bioflavonoids, lysine, methionine, proline, superoxide dismutase,
silymarin, tea extracts, grape skin/seed extracts, melanin, and
rosemary extracts may be used. Preferred anti-oxidants/radical
scavengers are selected from tocopherol acetate, tocopherol sorbate
and other esters of tocopherol, more preferably tocopherol acetate.
As described for the humectants, the aforementioned compounds may,
when used by themselves, give rise to a high level of tack,
especially when used at the higher levels. It has been found,
however, that this tacky feel can be offset by using the
particulates of the present invention.
Chelators
[0142] The inclusion of a chelating agent is especially useful for
providing protection against UV radiation which can contribute to
excessive scaling or skin texture changes and against other
environmental agents which can cause skin damage. A suitable amount
is from about 0.01% to about 1%, more preferably from about 0.05%
to about 0.5%, of the composition. Exemplary chelators that are
useful herein are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,487,884,
incorporated herein by reference. Preferred chelators useful in
compositions of the subject invention are ethylenediamine
tetraacetic acid (EDTA), furildioxime, and derivatives thereof.
Colorants and Preservatives
[0143] Further additional components that may also be included are
colorants and preservatives, for example C1-C3 alkyl parabens.
Desquamation Agents/Exfoliants
[0144] A safe and effective amount of a desquamation agent may be
added to the compositions of the subject invention, more preferably
from about 0.1% to about 10%, even more preferably from about 0.2%
to about 5%, also preferably from about 0.5% to about 4% of the
composition. Desquamation agents enhance the skin appearance
benefits of the present invention. For example, the desquamation
agents tend to improve the texture of the skin (e.g., smoothness).
A variety of desquamation agents are known in the art and are
suitable for use herein, including organic hydroxy acids such as
salicylic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, 5-octanoyl salicylic
acid, hydroxyoctanoic acid, hydroxycaprylic acid, and lanolin fatty
acids. One desquamation system that is suitable for use herein
comprises sulphydryl compounds and zwitterionic surfactants and is
described in WO 96/01101, incorporated herein by reference. Another
desquamation system that is suitable for use herein comprises
salicylic acid and zwitterionic surfactants and is described in WO
95/13048, incorporated herein by reference. Salicylic acid is
preferred.
Emollients
[0145] Emollients are a known class of materials in this art,
imparting a soothing effect to the skin. These are ingredients
which help to maintain the soft, smooth, and pliable appearance of
the skin. Emollients are also known to reduce whitening on the skin
and/or improve aesthetics. Examples of chemical classes from which
suitable emollients can be found include:
[0146] (a) fats and oils which are the glyceryl esters of fatty
acids, or triglycerides, normally found in animal and plant
tissues, including those which have been hydrogenated to reduce or
eliminate unsaturation. Also included are synthetically prepared
esters of glycerin and fatty acids. Isolated and purified fatty
acids can be esterified with glycerin to yield mono-, di-, and
triglycerides. These are relatively pure fats which differ only
slightly from the fats and oils found in nature. The general
structure may be represented by Formula III:
[0147] wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 may be the
same or different and have a carbon chain length (saturated or
unsaturated) of 7 to 30. Specific examples include peanut oil,
sesame oil, avocado oil, coconut, cocoa butter, almond oil,
safflower oil, corn oil, cotton seed oil, castor oil, hydrogenated
castor oil, olive oil, jojoba oil, cod liver oil, palm oil, soybean
oil, wheat germ oil, linseed oil, and sunflower seed oil;
[0148] (b) hydrocarbons which are a group of compounds containing
only carbon and hydrogen. These are derived from petrochemicals.
Their structures can vary widely and include aliphatic, alicyclic
and aromatic compounds. Specific examples include paraffin,
petrolatum, hydrogenated polyisobutene, and mineral oil.
[0149] (c) esters which chemically, are the covalent compounds
formed between acids and alcohols. Esters can be formed from
organic carboxylic acids and any alcohol. Esters here are derived
from monocarboxylic acids and alcohols (mono alcohols or polyols as
glycols). The general structure would be R.sub.4COOR.sub.5. The
chain length for R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 can vary from 7 to 30 and can
be saturated or unsaturated, straight chained or branched. Specific
examples include isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate,
isopropyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, butyl stearate, octyl
stearate, hexyl laurate, cetyl stearate, diisopropyl adipate,
isodecyl oleate, diisopropyl sebacate, isostearyl lactate,
C.sub.12-.sub.15 alkyl benzoates, myreth-3 myristate, dioctyl
malate, neopentyl-glycol diheptanoate, neopentyl glycol
dioctanoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, C.sub.12-15 alcohols
lactate, isohexyl decanoate, isohexyl caprate, diethylene glycol
dioctanoate, octyl isononanoate, isodecyl octanoate, diethylene
glycol diisononanoate, isononyl isononanoate, isostearyl
isostearate, behenyl behenate, C.sub.12-15 alkyl fumarate,
laureth-2 benzoate, propylene glycol isoceteth-3 acetate, propylene
glycol ceteth-3 acetate, octyldodecyl myristate, cetyl ricinoleate,
myristyl-myristate.
[0150] Esters, made using compounds such as Bio-PDO or other
biologically derived glycols, can also be used in these
compositions. The esters produced include all the appropriate
conjugate mono and diesters of biologically derived 1,3 propanediol
using organic carboxylic acids. Some esters in particular that are
produced include propanediol distearate and monostearate,
propandiol dilaurate and monolaurate, propanediol dioleate and
monooleate, propanediol divalerate and monovalerate, propanediol
dicaprylate and monocaprylate, propanediol dimyristate and
monomyristate, propanediol dipalmitate and monopalmitate,
propanediol dibehenate and monobehenate, propanediol adipate,
propanediol maleate, propanediol dioxalate, propanediol dibenzoate,
propanediol diacetate, and all mixtures thereof.
[0151] (d) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids which are the
carboxylic acids obtained by hydrolysis of animal or vegetable fats
and oils. These have general structure R.sub.6COOH with the R.sub.6
group having a carbon chain length between 7 and 30, straight chain
or branched. Specific examples include lauric, myristic, palmitic,
stearic, oleic, linoleic and behenic acid.
[0152] (e) saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols (including
guerbet alcohols) with general structure R.sub.7OH where R.sub.7
can be straight or branched and have carbon length of 7 to 30.
Specific examples include lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, isocetyl,
stearyl, isostearyl, oleyl, ricinoleyl and erucyl alcohol;
[0153] (f) lanolin and its derivatives which are a complex
esterified mixture of high molecular weight esters of
(hydroxylated) fatty acids with aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols
and sterols. General structures would include
R.sub.8CH.sub.2--(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.nOH where R.sup.8
represents the fatty groups derived from lanolin and n=5 to 75 or
R9CO --(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.nOH where R.sub.9CO-- represents the
fatty acids derived from lanolin and n=5 to 100. Specific examples
include lanolin, lanolin oil, lanolin wax, lanolin alcohols,
lanolin fatty acids, isopropyl lanolate, ethoxylated lanolin and
acetylated lanolin alcohols.
[0154] (g) alkoxylated alcohols wherein the alcohol portion is
selected from aliphatic alcohols having 2-18 and more particularly
4-18 carbons, and the alkylene portion is selected from the group
consisting of ethylene oxide, and propylene oxide having a number
of alkylene oxide units from 2-53 and, more particularly, from
2-15. Specific examples include PPG-14 butyl ether and PPG-53 butyl
ether.
[0155] (h) silicones and silanes the linear organo-substituted
polysiloxanes which are polymers of silicon/oxygen with general
structure:
[0156] (1)
(R.sub.10).sub.3SiO(Si(R.sub.11).sub.20).sub.xSi(R.sub.12).sub.- -3
where R.sub.10, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 can be the same or different
and are each independently selected from the group consisting of
phenyl and C1-C60 alkyl;
[0157] (2)
HO(R.sub.14).sub.2SiO(Si(R.sub.15).sub.2O).sub.xSi(R.sub.16).su-
b.2OH, where R.sub.14, R.sub.15 and R.sub.16 can be the same or
different and are each independently selected from the group
consisting of phenyl and C1-C60 alkyl; or
[0158] (3) organo substituted silicon compounds of formula
R.sub.17Si(R.sub.18).sub.2OSiR.sub.193 which are not polymeric
where R.sub.17, R.sub.18 and R.sub.19 can be the same or different
and are each independently selected from the group consisting of
phenyl and C1-C60 alkyl optionally with one or both of the terminal
R groups also containing an hydroxyl group. Specific examples
include dimethicone, dimethiconol behenate, C30-45 alkyl methicone,
stearoxytrimethylsilane, phenyl trimethicone and stearyl
dimethicone.
[0159] (i) mixtures and blends of two or more of the foregoing.
[0160] Emollients of special interest include C12-15 alkyl benzoate
(FINSOLV TN from Finetex Inc., Elmwood Park, N.J.), isopropyl
myristate; and neopentyl glycol diheptanoate.
[0161] The emollient or emollient mixture or blend thereof
incorporated in compositions according to the present invention
can, illustratively, be included in amounts of 0.1-20%, preferably
1-15%, more preferably 1-10%, by weight, of the total weight of the
composition.
Emulsifiers/Surfactants
[0162] Compositions herein preferably contain an emulsifier and/or
surfactant, generally to help disperse and suspend the
discontinuous phase within the continuous aqueous phase. A
surfactant may also be useful if the product is intended for skin
cleansing. For convenience hereinafter emulsifiers will be referred
to under the term `surfactants`, thus `surfactant(s)` will be used
to refer to surface active agents whether used as emulsifiers or
for other surfactant purposes such as skin cleansing. Known or
conventional surfactants can be used in the composition, provided
that the selected agent is chemically and physically compatible
with essential components of the composition, and provides the
desired characteristics. Suitable surfactants include non-silicone
derived materials, and mixtures thereof. All surfactants discussed
in application WO 00/24372 should be considered as suitable for use
in the present invention.
[0163] The compositions of the present invention preferably
comprise from about 0.05% to about 15% of a surfactant or mixture
of surfactants. The exact surfactant or surfactant mixture chosen
will depend upon the pH of the composition and the other components
present.
[0164] Preferred surfactants are nonionic. Among the nonionic
surfactants that are useful herein are those that can be broadly
defined as condensation products of long chain alcohols, e.g. C8-30
alcohols, with sugar or starch polymers i.e., glycosides. Other
useful nonionic surfactants include the condensation products of
alkylene oxides with fatty acids (i.e. alkylene oxide esters of
fatty acids). These materials have the general formula RCO(X)nOH
wherein R is a C10-30 alkyl group, X is --OCH2CH2-- (i.e. derived
from ethylene glycol or oxide) or --OCH2CHCH3-- (i.e. derived from
propylene glycol or oxide), and n is an integer from about 6 to
about 200. Other nonionic surfactants are the condensation products
of alkylene oxides with 2 moles of fatty acids (i.e. alkylene oxide
diesters of fatty acids). These materials have the general formula
RCO(X)nOOCR wherein R is a C10-30 alkyl group, X is --OCH2CH2--
(i.e. derived from ethylene glycol or oxide) or --OCH2CHCH3-- (i.e.
derived from propylene glycol or oxide), and n is an integer from
about 6 to about 100. Even further suitable examples include a
mixture of cetearyl alcohols, cetearyl glucosides such as those
available under the trade name Montanov 68 from Seppic and Emulgade
PL68/50 from Cognis UK Ltd. An example of a suitable cetearyl
glucoside material without added fatty alcohols is Tego (RTM) Care
CG90 commercially available from Goldschmidt GmbH. Other nonionic
surfactants are fatty alkanolamides with the general formula
R--CO--N--(CH2CH2OH)n where R is a hydrocarbon chain and n is the
integer 1 or 2. The most commonly used are cocoamide DEA
(diethanolamide) and cocoamide MEA (monoethanolamide).
[0165] The hydrophilic surfactants useful herein can alternatively
or additionally include any of a wide variety of cationic, anionic,
zwitterionic, and amphoteric surfactants such as are known in the
art. See, e.g., McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North
American Edition (1986), published by Allured Publishing
Corporation; U.S. Pat. No. 5,011,681 to Ciotti et al., issued Apr.
30, 1991; U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,769 to Dixon et al., issued Dec. 20,
1983; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,560 to Dickert et al., issued Aug.
28, 1973. A wide variety of anionic surfactants are also useful
herein. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678, to Laughlin et al.,
issued Dec. 30, 1975.
[0166] A wide variety of anionic surfactants are also useful
herein. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678, to Laughlin et al.,
issued Dec. 30, 1975. Exemplary anionic surfactants include the
alkoyl isethionates (e.g., C.12-C30), alkyl and alkyl ether
sulfates and salts thereof, alkyl and alkyl ether phosphates and
salts thereof, alkyl methyl taurates (e.g., C12-C30), and soaps
(e.g., alkali metal salts, e.g., sodium or potassium salts) of
fatty acids.
[0167] Amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants are also useful
herein. Examples of amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants which
can be used in the compositions of the present invention are those
which are broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary
and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight
or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents
contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms (preferably C8-C18)
and one contains an anionic water solubilising group, e.g.,
carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Examples
are alkyl imino acetates, and iminodialkanoates and
aminoalkanoates, imidazolinium and ammonium derivatives. Other
suitable amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants are those selected
from the group consisting of betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultaines,
and branched and unbranched alkanoyl sarcosinates, and mixtures
thereof.
Fragrance
[0168] Fragrance is also a desirable additional component in the
compositions of the invention. Suitable materials include
conventional perfumes, such as perfume oils and also include
so-called deo-perfumes, as described in EP 545,556 and other
publications. These latter materials may also qualify as additional
organic anti-microbial agents. Levels of incorporation are
preferably up to 4% by weight, particularly from 0.1% to 2% by
weight, and especially from 0.7% to 1.7% by weight of a
composition. Synergies can exist between the essential components
of the invention and certain fragrance components--long-lasting
odor control being the result.
[0169] The fragrance may be selected from the group consisting of
any cosmetically acceptable fragrance or fragrances acceptable for
topical application. The fragrance should be suitable for masking
malodor, such as malodor associated with human sweat. By way of
non-limiting examples, these fragrances include those comprising
middle note and/or top note volatile constituents, like those
selected from the group consisting of allyl amyl glycolate,
dihydromyrcenol, aldehyde C-12 MNA, decanol, isobornyl acetate,
LILAL.RTM., tricyclo decenyl acetate, benzyl salicylate, and the
like, and combinations thereof.
Humectants
[0170] Humectant is also a desirable additional component which
helps contribute moisturizing properties in the compositions of the
invention. Exemplary humectants can include, but are not limited
to, polyhydric alcohols (i.e. 1,2-propanediol, 1,3 and
1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerine, and hexylene
glycol) and polyols (i.e. polypropylene glycols, polyethylene
glycols) and mixtures thereof.
Propellants
[0171] When the present invention involves the use of an aerosol
composition, a volatile propellant is an essential component of
such composition. The level of incorporation of the volatile
propellant is typically from 30 to 99 parts by weight and
particularly from 50 to 95 parts by weight. Non-chlorinated
volatile propellant are preferred, in particular liquefied
hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbon gases (particularly
fluorinated hydrocarbons such as 1,1-difluoroethane and/or
1-trifluoro-2-fluoroethane) that have a boiling point of below
10.degree. C. and especially those with a boiling point below
0.degree. C. It is especially preferred to employ liquefied
hydrocarbon gases, and especially C3 to C6 hydrocarbons, including
propane, isopropane, butane, isobutane, pentane and isopentane and
mixtures of two or more thereof. Preferred propellants are
isobutane, isobutane/isopropane, isobutane/propane and mixtures of
isopropane, isobutane and butane.
[0172] Other propellants that can be contemplated include alkyl
ethers, such as dimethyl ether or compressed non-reactive gases
such air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
Sensory Modifiers
[0173] Certain sensory modifiers are further desirable components
in the compositions of the invention. Such materials are preferably
used at a level of up to 20% by weight of a composition.
Emollients, humectants, volatile oils, non-volatile oils, and
particulate solids which impart lubricity are all suitable classes
of sensory modifiers. Examples of such materials include
cyclomethicone, dimethicone, dimethiconol, isopropyl myristate,
isopropyl palmitate, talc, finely divided silica (eg. Aerosil 200),
polyethylene (eg. Acumist B18), polysaccharides, corn starch,
C12-C15 alcohol benzoate, PPG-3 myristyl ether, octyl dodecanol,
C7-C14 isoparaffins, di-isopropyl adipate, isosorbide laurate,
PPG-14 butyl ether, glycerol, hydrogenated polyisobutene,
polydecene, titanium dioxide, phenyl trimethicone, dioctyl adipate,
and hexamethyl disiloxane.
Thickening Agent (Including Thickeners and Gelling Agents)
[0174] The compositions of the present invention can also
preferably comprise a thickening agent, more preferably from about
0.1% to about 10%, even more preferably from about 0.1% to about
9%, and most preferably from about 0.25% to about 8%, of a
thickening agent.
[0175] Preferred compositions of the present invention include a
thickening agent selected from carboxylic acid polymers,
crosslinked polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, xanthan gum and
mixtures thereof, more preferably selected polyacrylamide polymers,
xanthan gum and mixtures thereof. Preferred polyacrylamides are
predispersed in a water-immiscible solvent such as mineral oil and
the like, containing a surfactant (HLB from about 7 to about 10)
which helps to facilitate water dispersibility of the
polyacrylamide. Most preferred for use herein is the non-ionic
polymer under the CTFA designation: polyacrylamide and isoparaffin
and laureth-7, available under the trade name Sepigel 305 from
Seppic Corporation. Also useful are acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate
copolymers and the carboxyvinyl polymers sold by the B. F. Goodrich
Company under the trade mark of Carbopol resins. Suitable Carbopol
resins are described in WO98/22085. All thickening agents discussed
in application WO 00/24372 should be considered as suitable for use
in the present invention.
[0176] Also, Any gelling agent used in the art of soaps or
deodorants may be used in the invention. These gelling agents are
generally a metal salt of one or more fatty acids having a chain
length of 12-22 carbon atoms. The fatty acid portion of the gelling
agent is preferably a relatively pure saturated or unsaturated
C12-C22 fatty acid including myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic,
linoleic, linolenic, and combinations thereof. Preferred gelling
agents include sodium stearate, potassium stearate, sodium
palmitate, potassium myristate, sodium myristate, combinations
thereof and the like.
Structurants
[0177] Structurants also may be additional component of the
compositions of the invention that are highly desirable in certain
product forms. Structurants, when employed, are preferably present
at from 1% to 30% by weight of a composition,
[0178] Suitable structurants include cellulosic thickeners such as
hydroxy propyl cellulose and hydroxy ethyl cellulose, and
dibenzylidene sorbitol. Other suitable structurants include sodium
stearate, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, hydrogenated castor oil,
synthetic waxes, paraffin waxes, hydroxystearic acid, dibutyl
lauroyl glutamide, alkyl silicone waxes, quaternium-18 bentonite,
quaternium-18 hectorite, silica, and propylene carbonate.
Silicone Based Ingredients
[0179] The compositions of the present invention preferably also
contain silicone based ingredients. Preferred examples are
discussed below:
[0180] i) Silicone Based Emollients. Organopolysiloxane oils may be
used as ingredients with emollient benefits in the present
compositions. Suitable organopolysiloxane oils include volatile,
non-volatile, or a mixture of volatile and non-volatile silicones.
The term "non-volatile" as used in this context refers to those
silicones that are liquid under ambient conditions and have a flash
point (under one atmospheric of pressure) of or greater than about
100.degree. C. The term "volatile" as used in this context refers
to those silicone oils having a flash point of less than
100.degree. C. Suitable organopolysiloxanes can be selected from a
wide variety of silicones spanning a broad range of volatilities
and viscosities. Non-volatile polysiloxanes are preferred. Suitable
silicones are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,069,897, issued Dec. 3,
1991, which is incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety.
[0181] Preferred for use herein are organopolysiloxanes selected
from the group consisting of polyalkylsiloxanes, alkyl substituted
dimethicones, dimethiconols, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, and mixtures
thereof. More preferred for use herein are polyalkylsiloxanes and
cyclomethicones. Preferred among the polyalkylsiloxanes are
dimethicones for example DC200 available from Dow Corning and SF96
available from GE Silicone.
[0182] ii) Silicone Based Emulsifiers. Preferred emulsions of the
present invention include a silicone containing emulsifier or
surfactant. A wide variety of silicone emulsifiers are useful
herein. These silicone emulsifiers are typically organically
modified organopolysiloxanes, also known to those skilled in the
art as silicone surfactants. Useful silicone emulsifiers include
dimethicone copolyols. These materials are polydimethyl siloxanes
which have been modified to include polyether side chains such as
polyethylene oxide chains, polypropylene oxide chains, mixtures of
these chains, and polyether chains containing moieties derived from
both ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Other examples include
alkyl-modified dimethicone copolyols, i.e., compounds which contain
C2-C30 pendant side chains. Still other useful dimethicone
copolyols include materials having various cationic, anionic,
amphoteric, and zwitterionic pendant moieties.
Skin Lightening Agents
[0183] The compositions of the present invention can also comprise
a skin lightening agent. When used, the compositions preferably
comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about
0.2% to about 5%, also preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%, of a
skin lightening agent. Suitable skin lightening agents include
those known in the art, including kojic acid, arbutin, ascorbic
acid and derivatives thereof, e.g., magnesium ascorbyl phosphate.
Further skin lightening agents suitable for use herein also include
those described in WO 95/34280 and WO 95/23780; each incorporated
herein by reference.
Suncreens
Inorganic Sunscreens
[0184] Inorganic sunscreens use titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.
They work primarily by reflecting and scattering UV light. The
organics include widely used ingredients such as octyl
methoxycinnamate (OMC), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC),
avobenzone, oxybenzone, and homosalate. They work primarily by
absorbing UV light and dissipating it as heat.
[0185] Formulators often combine inorganic and organic sunscreens
for a synergistic effect. In fact, that is how most are capable of
achieving very high SPF--sun protection factor--ratings. SPF is a
measure of how effectively a sunscreen in a formulation limits skin
exposure to the UV-B rays that burn skin. The higher the number,
the more protection a sunscreen formula affords against
sunburn.
[0186] Set forth below is a listing of approved sunscreen drug
products for over-the-counter human use that are applicable for us
in the invention when used in combinations, formulation must follow
FDA guidelines (21 CFR 352 Sec. 352.10).
TABLE-US-00002 Active Limit, wt % a. Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) 15 b.
Avobenzone 3 c. Cinoxate 3 d. Dioxybenzone 3 e. Ensulizole 4 f.
Homosalate 15 g. Menthyl anthranilate 5 h. Meradimate 5 i.
Octinoxate 7.5 j. Octisalate 5 k. Octocrylene 10 l. Octyl
methoxycinnamate 7.5 m. Octyl salicylate 5 n. Oxybenzone 6 o.
Padimate O 8 p. Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid 4 q.
Sulisobenzone 10 r. Titanium dioxide 25 s. Trolamine salicylate 12
t. Zinc oxide 25
[0187] In addition to the organic sunscreens compositions of the
present invention can additionally comprise inorganic physical
sunblocks. Nonlimiting examples of suitable physical sunblocks are
described in CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, 6th
Edition, 1995, pp. 1026-28 and 1103, Sayre, R. M. et al., "Physical
Sunscreens", J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., vol 41, no 2, pp. 103-109
(1990). Preferred inorganic physical sunblocks are zinc oxide and
titanium dioxide, and mixtures thereof.
[0188] When used, the physical sunblocks are present in an amount
such that the present compositions are transparent on the skin
(i.e., non-whitening), preferably less than or equal to about 5%.
When titanium dioxide is used, it can have an anatase, rutile, or
amorphous structure. Physical sunblock particles, e.g., titanium
dioxide and zinc oxide, can be uncoated or coated with a variety of
materials including but not limited to amino acids, aluminium
compounds such as alumina, aluminium stearate, aluminium laurate,
and the like; carboxylic acids and their salts e.g., stearic acid
and its salts; phospholipids such as lecithin; organic silicone
compounds; inorganic silicone compounds such as silica and
silicates; and mixtures thereof. A preferred titanium dioxide is
commercially available from Tayca (Japan) and is distributed by
Tri-K Industries (Emerson, N.J.) under the MT micro-ionised series
(e.g., MT 100SAS).
[0189] The compositions of the present invention preferably
comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about
0.1% to about 4%, and most preferably from about 0.5% to about
2.5%, by weight, of inorganic sunscreen.
Esters
[0190] Esters can function as many of the above noted ingredients.
While those in those having skill in the art can readily determine
which esters are most appropriate to provide a particularly desired
function, applications specifically note that esters used in this
invention may include the esters produced, including all the
appropriate conjugate mono and diesters, from biologically-derived
1,3 propanediol using organic carboxylic acids. Some esters in
particular that are produced include propanediol distearate and
monostearate, propandiol dilaurate and monolaurate, propanediol
dioleate and monooleate, propanediol divalerate and monovalerate,
propanediol dicaprylate and monocaprylate, propanediol dimyristate
and monomyristate, propanediol dipalmitate and monopalmitate,
propanediol dibehenate and monobehenate, propanediol adipate,
propanediol maleate, propanediol dioxalate, propanediol dibenzoate,
propanediol diacetate, and all mixtures thereof.
Natural Ingredients
[0191] Any natural or nature-derived ingredients similar in
composition or in function to the above ingredients can be used in
these compositions.
Viscosity
[0192] Preferred compositions have an apparent viscosity of from
about water thin to about 1,000,000 mPa.s (centipoise). For
example, preferred lotions have an apparent viscosity of from about
500 to about 25,000 mPa.s; preferred creams have an apparent
viscosity of from about 20,000 to about 250,000 mPa.s.
[0193] Some personal care compositions containing Bio-PDO, such as
clear shampoos and sulfate-free shampoo, may require approximately
30% less salt to adjust the viscosity than other compositions
containing comparable glycols such as propylene glycol, butylene
glycol, 2-methyl-1,3 propanediol etc. In other compositions such as
body wash--Bio-PDO may help maintain and build viscosity.
[0194] The compositions of the present invention are usually
formulated to have a pH of 9.5 or below and in general have a pH in
the range from about 4.5 to about 9, more preferably from about 5
to about 8.5. Some compositions, particularly those comprising an
additional active such as salicylic acid, require a lower pH in
order for the additional active to be fully efficacious. These
compositions are usually formulated to have a pH of from about 2.5
to about 5, more preferably from about 2.7 to about 4.
Skin Irritation and Sensitization
[0195] In a human skin patch test with approximately 100 subjects,
5, 25, and 50% PDO did not cause any skin reactions indicative of
irritation or sensitization. A second human skin patch test did not
produce any clinically significant dermal irritation or
sensitization reactions with concentrations of 25, 50, and 75% PDO
at pH 7, or 75% PDO at pH 4 and 9. Based on these studies PDO is
not expected to be a skin irritant or sensitizer in humans. In the
second human skin patch test, propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol or
PG) was also tested at 25, 50, and 75% (pH 7) and all three
concentrations of PG were patch test irritants and cumulative
irritants for human skin.
[0196] All of the compositions and methods disclosed and claimed
herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in
light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods
of the present disclosure have been described in terms of preferred
embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that
variations may be applied to the compositions and methods and in
the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described
herein without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the
invention. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain
agents, which are chemically related, may be substituted for the
agents described herein while the same or similar results would be
achieved. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent
to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit,
scope, and concept of the invention as defined by the appended
claims.
EXAMPLES
[0197] The present invention is further defined in the following
Examples. It should be understood that these Examples, while
indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way
of illustration only. From the above discussion and these Examples,
one skilled in the art can ascertain the preferred features of this
invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof,
can make various changes and modifications of the invention to
adapt it to various uses and conditions.
Example 1
[0198] Renewably-Based, Biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in Cosmetic
Emulsion
TABLE-US-00003 Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Water, deionized 61.34
Tetrasodium EDTA 0.10 Bio-PDO 5.00 Carbopol 980 (2% solution) 10.00
Phase B Puresyn .RTM. 2 5.00 Lipomulse .RTM. 165 2.50 Stearic Acid
XXX 2.50 Cetearyl Alcohol 0.50 Dimethicone DC 200-100 1.00 Phase C
NaOH (20% solution) qs to pH 7.0-7.5 1.06 Phase D Germaben II
1.00
[0199] Phase A was combined at 75.degree. C. Phase B was combined
at 75.degree. C. Phase B was added to Phase A. Phase C was then
added to the Phase A/B. Phase A/B/C was cooled to 40.degree. C. and
then Phase D was added. pH was adjusted to 7.0-7.5 with Phase C.
The formulation produced was a smooth white and apparently stable
emulsion.
[0200] RESULTS--pH 7.38, viscosity 12000 cps at 20 RPM
[0201] Oven stability was examined. Results were deemed
acceptable.
[0202] Freeze/thaw stability was also examined. Freeze/thaw
stability was deemed acceptable.
[0203] The viscosity of the cosmetic emulsion containing
biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol was on par with that of
propylene glycol (12600 cps) and higher than that of 1,3-butylene
glycol (6000 cps) or 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (9600 cps).
Example 2
[0204] Renewably-Based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in Clear Face
and Hand Lotion
TABLE-US-00004 Ingredients: % Wt. Deionized water 66.20 Bio-PDO
16.00 Ritasail 190 (RITA) (dimethicone copolyol) 2.00 Pationic
.RTM. 122A (RITA) (sodium caproyl lactylate 3.80 21.1% aqueous)
Rhodapex .RTM. ESY (Rhodia) (sodium laureth sulfate 4.00 26%
aqueous) Germaben II (ISP/Sutton) (propylene glycol, 1.00
diazolidinyl urea, methylparaben and propylparaben) Tetrasodium
EDTA 5% aqueous 1.00 Aculyn .RTM. 22 (ISP/Rohm & Haas)
(acrylates/steareth-20 5.00 Methacrylate copolymer 25% aqueous)
Triethanolamine 1.00 Fragrance q.s.
[0205] Procedure: Ingredients are combined in order as listed.
[0206] Properties: pH : 7.0 viscosity: 6,780 cps
Example 3
[0207] Renewably-Based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in Hand and
Body Cream
TABLE-US-00005 Ingredients: % Wt. Deionized water 75.49 Cellosize
.RTM. PCG 10 (Amerchol) 0.20 Trisodium EDTA (Universal
Preserv-A-Chem) 0.10 Bio-PDO 6.50 Shebu .RTM. Refined (RITA) (shea
butter) 2.00 Arlacel .RTM. 60 (Uniqema) 4.00 MYRJ .RTM. 52S
(Uniqema) 0.50 Glycol stearate (Stepan) 2.00 DC SF 200/350 (Dow
Corning) 4.00 Isopropyl palmitate (Stepan) 3.00 Vitamin A palmitate
(Roche) 0.01 Aloe vera gel (Bio-Botanica) 0.50 Cucumber extract
(Bio-Botanica) 0.50 Ginko biloba extract (Bio-Botanica) 0.50 Red
Clover extract (Bio-Botanica) 0.50 Biopein .RTM. (Bio-Botanica)
0.20
[0208] Procedure: Disperse Cellosize.RTM. PCG 10 into deionized
water with mixing. Add trisodium EDTA and Bio-PDOTM with mixing and
heat to 80.degree. C. Add the next seven items and continue mixing
until uniform. Remove heat and allow to cool. At 30.degree. C., add
aloe vera gel, cucumber extract, ginkgo biloba extract and red
clover extract. Add Biopein.RTM. and mix until homogenous.
Example 4
[0209] Renewably-Based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in
Moisturizing
[0210] Body Care Cream
TABLE-US-00006 Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Cremophor .RTM. A6 (BASF)
(ceteareth-6) 2.0 Cremophor .RTM. A25 (BASF) (ceteareth-25) 2.0
Vitis vinifera (grape) seed oil 6.0 Glyceryl Stearate SE 3.0
Cetearyl alcohol 2.0 Dimethicone 0.5 Luvitol EHO (BASF) (cetearyl
octanoate) 8.0 Oxynex .RTM. 2004 (Merck KgaA) (1,3-Propanediol,
BHT, 0.1 ascorbyl palmitate, glyceryl stearate and citric acid)
Phase B Bio-PDO 5.0 Edeta BD (BASF) (disodium EDTA) 0.1 D-Panthenol
USP (BASF) 1.0 Preservative q.s. Water q.s. to 100 Phase C Luvigel
EM (BASF) (caprylic/capric triglycerides and sodium acrylates
copolymer) 1.0 Phase D Vitamin E Acetate (BASF) 0.5 Perfume
q.s.
[0211] Procedure: Heat phase A and phase B to about 80.degree. C.
Stir phase B into phase A while homogenizing. Add phase C to phase
A/B and homogenize again. Cool to about 40.degree. C., add phase D
and homogenize shortly.
[0212] Properties: Viscosity: approx. 25,000 mPas (Brookfield); pH
value: 6.5
Exampl 5
[0213] Renewably-Based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in
Moisturizing Body Care Cream
TABLE-US-00007 Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Cremophor .RTM. GC 7
(BASF) (PEG 7-glyceryl-cocoate) 8.0 Cremophor .RTM. A-25 (BASF)
(ceteareth-25) 22.0 Cremophor .RTM. WO 7 (BASF) (hydrogenated
castor oil) 1.0 Bio-PDO 3.0 Masil .RTM. SF19 (BASF) (PEG 8
methicone) 1.0 Phase B Water 65.0 Phase C Preservative q.s.
Fragrance q.s.
[0214] Procedure: Add ingredients in above order at 80.degree. C.
and mix until uniform. Assure each is dissolved prior to next
addition. Heat phase B to 80.degree. C. and combine with phase A.
Cool to 50.degree. C. Add fragrance and preservative. Pour into
containers while liquid and allow to set at room temperature.
Example 6
[0215] Renewably-Based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in
Moisturizing Hand and Body Lotion
TABLE-US-00008 Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Varisoft .RTM. TA-100
(Goldschmidt) (distearyldimonium 4.75 chloride) Crodacol C-70
(Croda) (cetyl alcohol) 2.00 Penreco Snow White Petrolatum
(Penreco) (petrolatum) 4.00 DC Fluid 200, 1,000 cst (Dow Corning)
(dimethicone) 0.25 Phase B Deionized water q.s. Stepan .RTM. IPM
(Stepan) (isopropyl myristate) 3.25 Bio-PDO 4.00 Phase C Sensomer
.RTM. CI-50 (Ondeo Nalco) 3.00 (starch hydroxypropyltrimonium
chloride) AA040513 Cucumber (Arylessence) (fragrance) 0.25
Preservative q.s. Sodium hydroxide q.s. to pH 6
[0216] Procedure: In separate containers, thoroughly mix the
ingredients of phase A and phase B to 75.degree. C. Pour phase A
into phase B; mix well at temperature for 10 minutes. Remove heat
and continue mixing until temperature is under 40.degree. C. Add
phase C ingredients in the order listed, mixing well between
additions. Adjust pH to 6.
Example 7
[0217] Renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in
Moisturizing Lotion SPF15
TABLE-US-00009 Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Stearyl alcohol 2.00
Estol .RTM. 1543 (Uniqema) (ethylhexyl palmitate) 5.00 Estol .RTM.
3609 (Uniqema) (triethylhexanoin) 5.00 Tween .RTM. 60 (polysorbate
60) 2.00 Isohexadecane 7.50 Solaveil .RTM. CT100 (Uniqema)
(C.sub.12-C.sub.15 alkyl benzoate (and) 15.00 titanium dioxide
(and) polyhydroxystearic acid (and) aluminum stearate (and)
alumina) Phase B Distilled water 54.40 Arlatone .RTM. 2121
(Uniqema) (sorbitan stearate (and) 2.50 sucrose cocoate) Monomate
RMEA-40 (aqua (and) disodium ricinoleamido 0.200
MEA-sulfosuccinate) Phase C Veegum .RTM. Ultra (R T Vanderbilt)
(magnesium aluminum 0.80 silicate) Keltrol .RTM. RD (Nutrosweet
Kelco) (xanthan gum) 0.20 Sodium lactate 50% 0.40 Germaben .RTM. II
(ISP) (propylene glycol (and) diazolidinyl urea 1.00 (and)
methylparaben (and) propylparaben) Bio-PDO 4.00
[0218] Procedure: Heat phase B to 80.degree. C. with moderate
stirring, until Arlatone.RTM. 2121 is fully dispersed. Add
Keltrol.RTM. and Veegum.RTM.; stir until homogeneous. Add remaining
water phase ingredients, maintaining temperature at 80.degree. C.
Heat phase A to 80.degree. C. Add phase A to B/C with vigorous
mixing. Homogenize for two minutes. Cool with moderate stirring to
room temperature.
Example 8
Skin Treatment Lotion
TABLE-US-00010 [0219] Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Deionized water
61.7 Keltrol .RTM. CG (Kelco) (xanthan gum) 0.2 Bio-PDO 5.0
Multifruit .RTM. BSC (Arch Personal Care) 3.0 Jeescreen
Benzophenone-4 (Jeen) (benzophenone-4) 0.1 Jeechem GMS-165 (Jeen)
(glyceryl stearate (and) 3.0 PEG-100 stearate) Phase B Jeesilc IDD
(Jeen) (dimethicone crosspolymer-3 (and) 4.0 isododecane) Jeesilc
245 (Jeen) (cyclomethicone) 8.0 Jeesilc 200 MV (100 cst)
(dimethicone) 2.0 Simulgel .RTM. NS (Seppic) 4.0 Phase C Jeesilc
6056 (Jeen) (dimethylpolysiloxane gum) 3.0 Jeecide G-II (Jeen)
(propylene glycol (and) diazolidinyl urea 1.0 (and) methylparaben
(and) propylparaben) Arnica Extract (Botanicals Plus) (arnica
montana) 2.0 Flamingo Super Red 1.0 Phase D Jeesorb L-20 (Jeen)
(polysorbate 20) 1.0 Vitamin E Acetate (Jeen) (tocopheryl acetate)
0.5 Fragrance 0.5
[0220] Procedure: Heat water to 65.degree. C. Pre-mix Keltrol.RTM.
and Bio-PDO and add to the water phase. Mix until dissolved. Add
the other ingredients of phase A one at a time and mix well. Cool
to 50.degree. C. In the oil phase tank, add the Jeesilc IDD,
Jeesilc 245 and Jeesilc 200 MV (100 cst) and mix until uniform. Add
the Simulgel.RTM. and mix to 50 .degree. C. Using a homogenizer,
add phase B to phase A and mix for 10 minutes. Cool to 40.degree.
C. Switch to prop agitation. Add the ingredients of phase C one at
a time into the main tank and mix well after each addition. Pre-mix
phase D in a side vessel and add to the main tank. Mix well.
Example 9
Broad Spectrum SPF Sunscreen
TABLE-US-00011 [0221] Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Deionized water
57.85 Carbopol 980 (Noveon) (carbomer) 0.30 Disodium EDTA (Dow
Chemical) 0.10 Bio-PDO 4.00 Phase B Escalol 557 (ISP) (octinoxate)
7.50 Escalol 567 (ISP) (oxybenzone) 6.00 Escalol 517 (ISP)
(avobenzone) 2.00 X-Tend 226 (ISP) (2-phenylethyl benzoate) 10.00
Prolipid .RTM. 141 (ISP) (glyceryl stearate, behenyl alcohol, 4.00
palmitic acid, stearic acid, lecithin, lauryl alcohol, myristyl
alcohol and cetyl alcohol) Phase C Deionized water 5.00
Triethanolamine 99% 0.40 Phase D Liquapar Optima (ISP)
(phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, 1.25 isopropylparaben,
isobutylparaben and butylparaben) Liquapar Oil (ISP)
(isopropylparaben, isobutylparaben 0.40 and butylparaben) Lexguard
O (Inolex) (caprylyl glycol) 1.00 Phase E Glycacil .RTM.-L (Lonza)
(iodopropynyl butylcarbamate) 0.20
[0222] Procedure: Combine ingredients in phase A; mix until uniform
and heat to 75.degree. C. Combine ingredients in phase B; heat to
75.degree. C. Combine phase B with phase A with homogenization.
Combine phase C with phase A/B with homogenization. Cool to
45.degree. C. (heat Lexguard 0 and add to LiquaPar Optima) and add
phase D. Add phase E. Cool to room temperature. Qs for water
loss.
[0223] Properties: Viscosity: 17,600 cps, pH 6.44
Example 10
Standard Sunscreen
TABLE-US-00012 [0224] Ingredients % Wt. Phase A Lanolin 5.0
Homosalate 8.0 White petrolatum 2.5 Stearic acid 4.0 Propylparaben
0.1 Phase B Methylparaben 0.1 Edetate disodium 0.1 Bio-PDO 5.0
Triethanolamine 1.0 Purified water USP 74.3
[0225] Procedure: Preparation A and preparation B are heated
separately to 77 to 82 [deg]C, with constant stirring, until the
contents of each part are solubilized. Add preparation A slowly to
preparation B while stirring. Continue stirring until the emulsion
formed is cooled to room temperature (15 to 30 [deg]C). Add
sufficient purified water to obtain 100 grams of standard sunscreen
preparation.
Example 11
Water-Resistant Sunscreen Lotion SPF 21
TABLE-US-00013 [0226] Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Deionized water
63.10 Versene .RTM. NA (Dow) (disodium EDTA) 0.05 Carbopol Ultrez
10 Polymer (Noveon) (carbomer) 0.25 Pemulen .RTM. TR-2 Polymeric
Emulsifier (Noveon) 0.15 (acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate
crosspolymer) Bio-PDO 3.00 Phase B NeoHeliopan, Type AV (Haarmann
& Reimer) 5.00 (octyl methoxycinnamate) Octyl salicylate 3.00
HallBrite .RTM. BHB (C.P. Hall) (butyloctyl salicylate) 5.00 Parsol
.RTM. 1789 (Roche) (avobenzone) 3.00 Procol CS-20-D (Protameen)
(cetearyl alcohol and ceteareth-20) 1.50 Crodamol CAP (Croda)
(cetearyl octanoate) 2.00 Vitamin E acetate (BASF) 0.50 Phase C
Crovol A-70 (Croda) (PEG-60 almond glycerides) 0.50 DC 1401 Fluid
(Dow Corning) (dimethiconol and 1.50 cyclomethicone) Ultrasil
Copolyol-1 Silicone (Noveon)(PEG-8 dimethicone) 1.50 Phenonip .RTM.
(Clariant) (phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, 1.00 ethylparaben,
propylparaben, butylparaben and isobutylparaben) Tapioca Pure
(National Starch) (tapioca starch) 4.00 Sodium hydroxide 18% 1.00
Avalure .RTM. UR 450 Polymer (Noveon) 3.95 (PPG-17/IPDI/DMPA
copolymer 38% solids)
[0227] Procedure: Dissolve disodium EDTA in warm water (-50.degree.
C.). Add Carbopol Ultrez 10 polymer and allow to wet out for
approximately five minutes. Disperse Pemulen.RTM. Polymeric
emulsifier and allow to mix in for about 15 minutes. Add Bio-PDO.
Bring phase A to .about.70.degree. C. Add approximately 15% of the
total neutralizing agent necessary to phase A. Blend phase B
ingredients and bring to -80.degree. C., making sure solid
ingredients are dissolved. Add phase B to phase A with vigorous
agitation. Add PEG-60 almond glycerides. Add dimethiconol and
cyclomethicone. Add Ultrasil Copolyol-1 silicone. Add Phenonip.RTM.
after the emulsion cools to <60.degree. C. Add tapioca starch.
Add the remainder of the neutralizing agent. Add Avalure.RTM. UR
450 polymer.
[0228] pH: 7.0-7.5
[0229] Viscosity (mPas)*: 15,000-21,000
[0230] SPF (waterproof)**: 21 (in-vitro method, 80 min.
immersion)
Example 12
Waterproof Protective Suncare SPF 20
TABLE-US-00014 [0231] Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Simusol 165
(Seppic) (glyceryl stearate and PEG-100 stearate) 3.20 Montanov
.RTM. S (Seppic) (coco-glucoside and coconut alcohol) 1.30 Isodecyl
neopentanoate 10.00 PVP hexadecene copolymer 5.00 Bio-PDO 5.00
Ethyl hexyl methoxycinnamate 7.50 Benzophenone-3 2.50 Ethyl hexyl
salicylate 5.00 Zinc oxide 7.10 Phase B Sepicalm VG (Seppic)
(sodium palmitoyl proline 3.00 and Nymphea alba flower extract)
Cyclomethicone 5.00 Phase C Simulgel .RTM. EG (Seppic) (sodium 1.00
acrylate/acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer, isohexadecane and
polysorbate 80) Phase D Tromethamine q.s. Tetrasodium EDTA 0.20
Xanthan gum 0.15 Magnesium aluminum silicate 1.00 Water q.s. to 100
Phase E Sepicide HB (Seppic) (phenoxyethanol (and) methylparaben
0.30 (and) ethylparaben (and) propylparaben (and) butylparaben)
Sepicide CI (Seppic) (imidazolidinyl urea) 0.20 DL-alpha tocopherol
0.05 Fragrance 0.30
[0232] Procedure: Melt phase A ingredients at 75-80.degree. C. and
disperse zinc oxide in the warm fatty phase. Disperse silicate and
xanthan gum in water until homogeneous, then introduce EDTA and
tromethamine. Add Simulgel.RTM. EG to this blend with vigorous
stirring to obtain swelling of the polymer, then heat to 80.degree.
C. Add fatty phase A to the water phase and begin homogenizing for
five minutes. Start cooling while continuously homogenizing.
Introduce Sepicalm VG and cyclomethicone at 60.degree. C. and
homogenize for five minutes. Cool with moderate stirring and add
phase E ingredients at 30.degree. C.
Example 13
Hand Barrier Cream
TABLE-US-00015 [0233] Ingredients: % Wt. Phase 1 D.I. Water q.s. to
100.0 Bio-PDO 4.00 Ammonyx .RTM. GA-70PG* 2.86 Phase 2 Petrolatum
4.00 Stepan .RTM. IPP 3.00 Stepan .RTM. Cetyl Alcohol, NF 2.00
TiO2Sperse 40% solution in Octyldodecyl Neopentanoate 10.00
(Collaborative Labs) Phase 3 KCl 0.40 Citric Acid q.s.
Preservatives q.s. Total 100.00
[0234] Procedure: Prepare water phase by adding water, Bio-PDOTM
and Ammonyx.RTM. GA-70PG*. Mix well. Start heating to 160.degree.
F. Prepare oil phase by adding Petrolatum, Stepan.RTM. IPP,
Stepan.RTM. Cetyl Alcohol and TiO2Sperse. Heat to 160-165.degree.
F. Add oil phase to the water phase. Emulsify for 20-25 minutes.
Cool to room temperature. Premix KCI with water and add to batch.
Add preservatives. Adjust pH to 4.0 if necessary.
[0235] Physical Properties pH 4.0-5.0; Viscosity 2,000-3,000
cps
Example 14
Lotion for Normal-Oily Skin
TABLE-US-00016 [0236] Ingredients: % Wt. Phase 1 D.I. Water q.s. to
100.0 Carbopol 934 (BF Goodrich) Carbomer 0.15 Bio-PDO 3.00 Phase 2
Stepan .RTM. Octyl Isononanoate 5.00 Dow Corning 200 Fluid (Dow
Corning) Dimethicone 0.10 Wecobee .RTM. S 0.50 Stepan .RTM. Cetyl
Alcohol, NF 0.50 Kartacid 1890 (Akzo Nobel BV) Stearic Acid 3.00
Phase 3 Versene .RTM. 200 (Dow Corning) Tetrasodium EDTA 0.10
Triethanolamine 1.80 Preservative q.s. Total 100.0
[0237] Procedure: Prepare Phase 1 by adding D.I. water to a
suitable mixing vessel and begin agitation. Add Carbopol 934 with
good agitation and mix at high speed until the solution is free of
lumps. Add Bio-PDO and mix. Heat to 165-170.degree. F. In a
separate container prepare Phase 2 and heat to 170-175.degree. F.
Add Phase 2 to Phase 1 with good agitation and mix for 30 minutes.
Start cooling to 90.degree. F. At 110.degree. F. add Phase 3
ingredients. Stop cooling and agitation at 90.degree. F.
[0238] Properties: Viscosity at 25.degree. C.: 2000-5000 cps; pH
7.8-8.0
Example 15
Skin Soothing Lotion
TABLE-US-00017 [0239] Ingredients: % Wt. Phase 1 D.I. Water q.s. to
100.0 Carbopol 940 (B.F. Goodrich) Carbomer 0.20 Glucam .RTM. P-20
(Amerchol) PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether 0.14 Bio-PDO 2.25 Phase 2
Neobee .RTM. M-20 4.50 Wecobee .RTM. S 0.75 Stepan .RTM. 653 0.50
Stepan .RTM. Cetyl Alcohol, NF 0.50 Kartacid 1890 (Akzo Nobel BV)
Stearic Acid 2.95 Phase 3 Preservative 0.10 Versene .RTM. 220 (Dow)
Tetrasodium EDTA 0.10 Triethanolamine 0.25 Total 100.0
[0240] Procedure: Prepare Phase 1. Add Carbopol 940 to D.I. water
with good mixing until solution is free of lumps. Add PPG-20 methyl
glucose ether and Bio-PDO. Mix until completely dissolved. Heat to
165.degree. F. In a separate container, prepare Phase 2. Heat to
165-170.degree. F. Add Phase 2 to Phase 1 (both at 165-170.degree.
F.) with good agitation. Emulsify for 20 minutes and then begin to
cool with slow agitation. At 110.degree. F. add ingredients from
Phase 3. At 90.degree. F. stop cooling and agitation.
[0241] Properties: Viscosity: at 25.degree. C.: 2200-3700 cps
Example 16
Clear Moisturizer
TABLE-US-00018 [0242] Ingredients: % Wt. Aloe Vera Gel q.s. to
100.0 Bio-PDO 3.50 Methyl Paraben 0.15 Carbopol 934 0.50 Alcohol
190 Proof 20.00 Stepan .RTM. PEG 600 ML 1.00 Tween .RTM. 2.00
Fragrance q.s. TEA 88% 0.8 Glydant q.s. Total 100.0
[0243] Procedure: Combine Aloe Vera Gel and Bio-PDO. Start mixing.
Add methyl paraben. Mix until solution is clear. Add Carbopol 934.
Mix until solution does not have lumps. Add alcohol. Mix well.
Premix PEG 600 Monolaurate, Tween 20 and perfume. Add to batch. Mix
well. Add Glydant. Add TEA. Solution should be clear.
[0244] Physical Properties: pH 6.0-6.5
Example 17
Therapeutic Hand & Body Lotion
TABLE-US-00019 [0245] Ingredients: % Wt. Phase 1 D.I. Water q.s. to
100.0 Bio-PDO 4.00 Ammonyx .RTM. GA-70PG 18.4 Phase 2 Petrolatum
4.0 Stepan .RTM. IPP 3.0 Silicone DC-200 (350 cps) 1.0 Stepan .RTM.
Cetyl Alcohol, NF 2.0 Phase 3 KCl 0.4 Citric Acid q.s. Glydant q.s.
Total 100.0
[0246] Procedure: Prepare water phase by adding water, Bio-PDO, and
Ammonyx.RTM. GA-70PG. Mix well. Start heating to 160.degree. F.
Prepare oil phase by adding petrolatum, Stepan.RTM. IPP, silicone,
Stepan.RTM. Cetyl Alcohol. Heat to 160-165.degree. F. Add oil phase
to water phase. Emulsify for 20-25 minutes. Start cooling. Premix
KCI with water and add into the batch at 100-110.degree. F. Add
Glydant at 100.degree. F. Adjust pH if necessary. Homogenize if
necessary.
[0247] Physical Properties: pH 4.0-4.5; viscosity: 3,000-4,000
cps
Example 18
Cream Conditioner for Permanent--Waved Hair
TABLE-US-00020 [0248] Ingredients: % Wt. Ammonyx .RTM. 4 5.00
Bio-PDO 1.50 Panthenol 0.50 Citric Acid q.s. D.I. Water q.s. to 100
Stepan .RTM. Cetyl Alcohol, NF 2.50 PPG-Ceteth 20 1.25 Stepan .RTM.
Stearyl Alcohol 97 0.75 Fragrance, Dye & Preservative q.s.
Total 100.0
[0249] Procedure: Add ingredients and mix while heating to
75.degree. C. Mix until well blended. Cool with mixing to
30.degree. C. and add fragrance, preservative, and dye if desired.
Adjust pH with citric acid to 3-5.
[0250] Physical Properties: Appearance: Opaque, white liquid;
Viscosity: 2000 cps
Example 19
Clear Hair Conditioner
TABLE-US-00021 [0251] Ingredients: % Wt. Ammonyx .RTM. KP 3.00
Ammonyx .RTM. CETAC 1.50 Bio-PDO 1.50 Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.90
Polyquaternium 10 0.25 Fragrance, Dye & Preservative q.s.
Citric Acid q.s. D.I. Water q.s. to 100 Total 100.0
[0252] Procedure: Disperse hydroxyethylcellulose in D.I. water with
mixing until clear. Add Ammonyx.RTM. KP and mix until homogeneous.
Slowly add Ammonyx.RTM. CETAC and mix until homogeneous. Disperse
Polyquaternium-10 in Bio-PDO and add to above solution with mixing
until clear. Adjust pH to 5.5, if necessary, with citric acid. Add
fragrance, dye and preservative, if desired.
[0253] Physical Properties: pH 5.5; viscosity: 750 cps
Example 20
[0254] Spray-On Detangling Conditioner
TABLE-US-00022 Ingredients: % Wt. D.I. Water q.s. to 100.0 Bio-PDO
1.50 Ammonyx .RTM. KP 1.00 Surfactant 193 (Dow Corning) Dimethicone
Copolyol 1.00 Tween .RTM. 20 (ICI) Polysorbate-20 0.30 Citric Acid
(50%) q.s. Fragrance, Dye & Preservative q.s. Total 100.0
[0255] Procedure: Into a vessel equipped with agitation, add first
four ingredients. Mix well. Premix fragrance and Tween.RTM. 20 in a
separate container. Add to the batch. Mix well. Adjust pH with
citric acid, if necessary. Add dye and preservative as desired.
[0256] Physical Properties: pH 4.0-4.4; Viscosity at 25.degree. C.:
water thin
Example 21
Moisturizing Spray
TABLE-US-00023 [0257] Ingredients: % Wt. Water 70.8 Preservative
0.2 Bio-PDO 28.0 Ammonyx .RTM. GA-70PG 0.9 Hydrolyzed Silk 0.1
Fragrance 0.1 Total 100.0
[0258] Procedure: Charge water. Add Bio-PDO. Heat to 50.degree. C.
and blend in Ammonyx.RTM. GA-70PG. Mix well until homogeneous. Cool
with mixing. At 30.degree. C., add propyl paraben and hydrolyzed
silk. Cool to 25.degree. C., add fragrance. Adjust pH to 5.5-6.5
with citric acid or sodium hydroxide.
[0259] Physical Properties: Viscosity: 20 cps
Example 22
Men's After Shave--Clear Microemulsion
TABLE-US-00024 [0260] Ingredients: % Wt. Phase 1 Stepan .RTM. PEG
400 MO 12.7 Stepan .RTM. IPM 11.0 Stepan .RTM. PEG 400 ML 7.0
Bio-PDO 3.5 Stepan .RTM. GMO 3.0 DC 556 Silicone Fluid (Dow
Corning) 1.0 Phase 2 Ethanol 25.0 Triethanolamine q.s. Fragrance,
dye, preservative q.s. D.I. Water q.s. to 100 Total 100.0
[0261] Procedure: Heat D.I. water to 95.degree. C. Mix the
components of Phase (1) and heat to 95.degree. C. Add Phase (1) to
D.I. water with mixing. Cool to 30.degree. C., and add ethanol.
Adjust pH to 7.0-8.0 with triethanolamine. Add fragrance, dye, and
preservative, if desired. This formula will create a clear
microemulsion.
[0262] Physical Properties: pH 7.0-8.0; viscosity: 40 cps
Example 23
Hand Cleanser
TABLE-US-00025 [0263] Ingredients: Wt. % Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
(ALS) (28%) 26.0 Cocamide DEA 6.0 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) (25%)
18.0 Bio-PDO Propanediol 1.0 Water 44.5 Bio-PDO Stearate 0.5
Irgasan 0.2 Tetrasodium EDTA (5 wt %) 2.0 Fragrance 0.2 Citric acid
(50 wt %) QS
[0264] Procedure [0265] Blend ALS, Cocamide DEA, SLS and ZemeaTM
Propanediol [0266] Add Bio-PDO Stearate and Irgsan [0267] Heat to
60 oC. [0268] Cool to 30 oC, add EDTA [0269] Stir until a
homogeneous solution is formed [0270] Adjust to pH 6 with citric
acid [0271] Add fragrance
[0272] Benefits [0273] Highly Stable [0274] Higher Viscosity [0275]
Excellent Foaming
Example 24
Hand Cleanser
TABLE-US-00026 [0276] Ingredients: Wt. % Carbopol 934 NF 0.50
Germaben II 0.06 Bio-PDO 5.00 Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) 47.70 D.I.
Water 43.79 Triethanolamine (20 wt %) 2.50 Fragrance 0.50
[0277] Procedure [0278] Heat water and germaben II solution at 50oC
[0279] Add carbopol [0280] Stir contents to form uniform gel [0281]
Add Bio-PDO, IPA and water [0282] Stir until a homogeneous solution
is formed [0283] Cool below 30oC [0284] Adjust to pH 7 with TEA
[0285] Add fragrance
[0286] Benefits [0287] Highly Stable [0288] Higher Viscosity [0289]
Excellent Hydrotrope
Example 25
Hair Conditioner
TABLE-US-00027 [0290] Ingredients Wt % Ammonyx.sup.R 4.sup.4 5.00
Bio-PDO.sup.1 1.50 Panthenol 0.50 Cetyl alcohol.sup.2 3.50
Ceteareth.sup.3 1.25 Germaben II.sup.2 0.50 Fragrance, Dye QS D.I.
Water QS to 100 .sup.1DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products .sup.2The
Chemistry Store.com, Cayce, SC .sup.3Somerset Cosmetic Co. LLC,
Renton, WA .sup.4Stephan Co. Northfield, IL
[0291] Procedure: Combine components listed in the table, mix well
and heat to 75.degree. C. Mix until well blended. Cool mixture and
add preservative. Adjust the pH to 5, if required using citric
acid. Mix the mixture overnight. Opaque white liquid is formed.
[0292] Physical Properties: pH: 5; Opague white liquid is
formed.
Example 26
Hand Cleanser
TABLE-US-00028 [0293] Ingredient Wt. % Carbopol 934 NF.sup.2 0.50
BioPDO.sup.1 5.00 Isopropyl alcohol 57.0 D.I. Water 35.0
Triethanolamine (20 wt %) 2.0 Fragrance QS .sup.1DuPont Tate &
Lyle Bio Products .sup.2Noveon, Cleveland, OH
[0294] Procedure: Heat the 100 g water to 50.degree. C. and add
this hot solution to 4 g Carbopol 940. Stirr the gel at 50.degree.
C. for 4 h. Stop heating and continue the agitation for 20 h. A
uniform gel will formed. Add the Bio-PDO, Isopropyl alcohol and
water, agitate unitl a homogenous mixture is formed and cool the
Adjust the pH to 7 using dilute triethanolamine solution. Add
fragrance. Mixture should be clear after pH is adjusted.
Example 27
Solid Deodorant
TABLE-US-00029 [0295] Ingredients Wt % Bio-PDO.sup.1 48.0 Sodium
stearate 6.5 Poly(ethylene glycol) monolaurate.sup.6 2.0
Irgasan.sup.6 0.2 Water QS .sup.1DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio
Products .sup.6Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI
[0296] Procedure: To the mixture of Bio-PDO and water add sodium
stearate and heat it to 100.degree. C. until a clear liquid is
formed add PEG monolaurate. Cool the mixture to 50.degree. C. and
pour into containers.
Example 28
Clear Tanning Spray Gel
TABLE-US-00030 [0297] Ingredients Wt % Phase A D.I water 12.5
Carbopol 934.sup.5 0.5 Germaben II.sup.2 0.05 Phase B Bio-PDO.sup.1
5.0 Ethanol 20.0 Poly(ethylene glycol) monolaurate.sup.6 1.0
Polysorbate 60.sup.3 2.0 Phase C 2-Phenyl-5-benzimidazolesulfonic
acid.sup.6 2.0 Triethanol amine 2.0 D.I. water 25.0 Phase D D.I
water QS Germaben II.sup.2 0.8 .sup.1DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio
Products .sup.2The Chemistry Store.com, Cayce, SC .sup.3Somerset
Cosmetic Co. LLC, Renton, WA .sup.4Stephan Co. Northfield, IL
.sup.5Noveon, Cleveland, OH .sup.6Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI
[0298] Procedure: Mix water and Germaben II of phase and heat the
mixture to 50.degree. C. and add this hot solution to Carbopol.
Stirr the gel at 50.degree. C. for 4 h. Stop heating and continue
the agitation for 20 h. In a separate container, take
2-Phenyl-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid, add water and
triethanolamine. Mix the components until a clear solution is
formed. Add Bio-PDO, ethanol PEG monolaurate and polysorbate 60.
Mix until a uniform gel is formed. Add phase C, mix the gel
thoroughly. Add water and preservative continue agitation until a
clear gel is formed. pH should be about 7.
Example 29
Men's After Shave
TABLE-US-00031 [0299] Ingredients Wt % Phase A Poly(ethylene
glycol) monooleate.sup.6 17.5 Aloe Vera 5.0 Poly(ethylene glycol)
monolaurate.sup.6 7.0 Bio-PDO.sup.1 5.0 Sorbitol.sup.3 3.0
Panthenol 0.5 Phase B Ethanol 25.0 GermabenII.sup.2 0.5 Triethanol
amine, Fragrance, dye QS Water QS to 100 Viscosity 21 cps
.sup.1DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products .sup.2The Chemistry
Store.com, Cayce, SC .sup.3Somerset Cosmetic Co. LLC, Renton, WA
.sup.4Stephan Co. Northfield, IL .sup.5Noveon, Cleveland, OH
.sup.6Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI
[0300] Procedure: Combine components of phase A and heat to
80.degree. C. Add water and heat to 80.degree. C. Cool to
30.degree. C. and add ethanol. Adjust the pH to 7.0-.8.0 with
triethanolamine, if required Add fragrance, dye and
preservative.
Example 30
Skin Lotion
TABLE-US-00032 [0301] Ingredients Wt % Phase A D.I. Water 20
Carbopol 934 NF.sup.5 0.15 Bio-PDO.sup.1 3.00 Phase B Stephan
IPM.sup.4 5.00 Dimethicone.sup.3 0.10 Cetyl Alcohol.sup.2 0.50
Stearic acid 3.00 Phase C Triethanolamine 1.80 Tetrasodium EDTA
(5%) 4.00 Preservative Q.S. D.I. Water Q.S. to 100 Physical
Properties: pH 7.5; Viscosity: #4@ 60 rpm 2240 cps .sup.1DuPont
Tate & Lyle Bio Products .sup.2The Chemistry Store.com, Cayce,
SC .sup.3Somerset Cosmetic Co. LLC, Renton, WA .sup.4Stephan Co.
Northfield, IL .sup.5Noveon, Cleveland, OH
[0302] Procedure: Combine components of phase A, mix well and heat
to 80 oC. Combine Stephan IPM, dimethicone and cetyl alcohol in a
different container and heat the mixture to 80 oC until a clear
solution is formed. Add stearic acid to phase B and heat the
mixture again at 80 oC until a clear solution is formed. Combine
the Phase A and Phase B until well blended Cool the mixture to 50oC
and add tri ethanol amine and tetrasodium EDTA solution. Heat the
mixture until mixture is well blended. Cool the mixture and add
required amounts of water and preservative.
Example 31
Clear Moisturizer
TABLE-US-00033 [0303] Ingredients Wt % Phase A Aloe Vera Gel QS to
100 Bio-PDO.sup.1 3.5 Carbopol 934.sup.5 0.5 Ethanol 20 PEG 1.0
Triethanol amine 0.8 Fragrance Qs Germaben II.sup.2 0.2
.sup.1DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products .sup.2The Chemistry
Store.com, Cayce, SC .sup.5Noveon, Cleveland, OH
[0304] Procedure: Combine Aloe Vera Gel, Bio-PDO and GermabenII.
Mix until the solution is clear. Add Carbopol. Heat the mixture to
60.degree. C. with stirring until the solution does not have lumps.
Add alcohol. Mix well. Add PEG. Mix well until it forms clear
solution. Add perfume, TEA and preservative.
Example 32
Clear Shampoo
TABLE-US-00034 [0305] Ingredients Wt % Blend 213.sup.2 25 Sodium
Laureth Sulfate Cocamidopropyl Betaine Cocamide DEA PEG-150
Distearate Cocamidopropyl Betaine.sup.2 5 Bio-PDO.sup.1 5 DI Water
65 Sodium chloride solution (25 wt %) QS .sup.1DuPont Tate &
Lyle Bio Products .sup.2The Chemistry Store.com, Cayce, SC
[0306] Procedure: Mix Blend 213 and cocamidopropyl betaine, add
BioPDO, mix well. Add water and stir for 20 h. Adjust the viscosity
with sodium chloride solution, if required.
Example 33
Kid's Soap with Antibacterial Agent
TABLE-US-00035 [0307] Ingredients Wt % Phase A Custom Blend BSC
40.0 Bio-PDO.sup.1 2.0 Chloroxylenol 0.75 Phase B NaCl (25 wt %)
solution 1.00 D.I Water, Fragrance QS .sup.1DuPont Tate & Lyle
Bio Products .sup.7Custom Ingredients, Inc. Chester, SC
[0308] Properties: pH: 7; Viscosity: 3000 cps
[0309] Procedure: Combine components of phase A and mix well. Apply
heat to completely dissolve and achieve a clear solution. Add warm
water slowly and heat to clarity. Cool very slowly with mixing.
Adjust the viscosity with sodium chloride . Add desired
fragrance.
Example 34
Foundation
TABLE-US-00036 [0310] SEQ INGREDIENT % Wt A Deionized Water 63.00 A
CMC 7H3SF 0.30 A Veegum Ultra Granules 0.35 A Alcolec S (Lecithin)
0.40 A Triethanolamine 99% 1.25 A Bio-PDO (1,3 Propanediol) 6.00 B
Titanium Dioxide (water dispersible 8.00 B Red Iron Oxide 0.40 B
Yellow Iron Oxide 0.80 B Black Iron Oxide 0.10 B Collodial Kaolin
2.00 B Methyl Paraben 0.20 C Permethyl .RTM.102A (Isoeicosane)
10.00 C Isostearic Acid 1.00 C Stearic Acid Triple Pressed 2.50 C
LIPO GMS 450 (Glyceryl Monostearate) 1.50 C Liponate TDTM (Tridecyl
Trimelitate) 1.00 C LIPO GMS 470 (Glyceryl Monostearate) 1.00 C
Propyl Paraben 0.20 FORMULA TOTALS: 100.00
[0311] The manufacturing procedure for this emulsion was typical
for all oil-in-water type products. Sequence A was dispersed and
when the gums were completely hydrated and the phase was uniform,
pre-ground Sequence B (pigment phase) was added to it and mixed
until both phases were completely uniform and homogeneous. Sequence
C was weighed in a separate vessel and heated to
75.degree.-80.degree. C. until all the solids were melted and the
phase was uniform. Sequence A was then heated to
75.degree.-80.degree. C. When all the phases were all at the proper
temperatures, Sequence C (oil phase) was slowly added to Sequences
A & B (water phase). The emulsion was allowed to mix at
75.degree. C. for 15 minutes and then cooled to 25.degree. C.
Samples for testing were then poured off and placed at their
respective stability stations in preparation for the 4 week study.
The color and powder fill loading in these formulations was kept
constant at 11.30% dry pigment. Conventional powder fill
ingredients were chosen for these formulations as to eliminate any
potential variability in test results.
Physical Testing:
[0312] Brookfield Model RV-Spindle 5 at 20 rpm for 1 minute
(factor.times.200)
TABLE-US-00037 Initial Initial 1 week 2 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 4
week pH Viscosity Viscosity pH Viscosity Viscosity pH Viscosity
8.03 2400 2900 7.94 2900 2900 8.02 2900
[0313] Viscosity readings throughout the 4 week test period showed
that there was no unusual build or decrease in viscosity. Oven
stability consisted of R/T, 45.degree. C, and 2 Freeze/Thaw cycles.
After 4 weeks, samples showed no signs of separation, sweating,
severe loss of viscosity, change in consistency, loss of structure,
odor problems, or color change at any temperature.
Aesthetic Properties
[0314] All samples were evaluated for potential differences in
odor, color, appearance, application, texture, feel, wearability,
or any other differences, if any. All foundation samples were
evaluated side-by side. In no cases were there any perceivable
differences in any of the aesthetic properties associated with
these types of cosmetic properties. Any differences noticed were
insignificant and were not a result of the ingredient changes.
These were all fragrance free formulations, and there were no
apparent odor differences in any of the samples.
Example 35
Mascara
TABLE-US-00038 [0315] SEQ INGREDIENT % Wt. A Deionized Water 49.00
A Xanthan Gum 0.15 A Veegum HV Granules 0.55 A Disodium EDTA 0.05 A
Triethanolamine 99% 0.50 A Alcolec S (Lecithin) 0.20 A Methyl
Paraben 0.30 A Bio-PDO 10.00 B Black Iron Oxide 9.00 C DC 345 Fluid
(D5 Cyclomethicone) 4.50 C DC5225C Formulation Aid 0.90 C White
Beeswax 7.25 C Carnauba Wax #1 3.50 C Stearic Acid Triple Pressed
1.80 C Lipomulse 165 (Glyceryl Monostearate) 1.80 C Indopol H100
(Polybutene) 3.50 C Phenoxyethanol 1.00 C Propyl Paraben 0.20 C
PVP/Eicosene Colpolymer 4.00 C Lipocol S (Stearyl Alcohol) 1.80
FORMULA TOTALS: 100.00
[0316] The manufacturing procedure for this formula was similar to
that of the foundation in Example 24. Higher temperatures were
required for the oil phase due to the high level of hard waxes
employed in this product. Sequence A was dispersed and when the
gums were completely hydrated and the phase was uniform, pre-ground
sequence B (pigment phase) was added to it and mixed until both
phases were completely uniform and homogeneous. Sequence C was
weighed in a separate vessel and heated to 80.degree.-85.degree. C.
until all the solids were melted and the phase was uniform.
Sequence A was then heated to 75.degree.-80.degree. C. When all the
phases were all at the proper temperatures, Sequence C (oil phase)
was slowly added to Sequences A & B (water phase). The emulsion
was allowed to mix at 75.degree. C. for 15 minutes. When the batch
began to thicken at around 45.degree. C, a paddle mixer was used to
adequately turn over and mix the batch. The batch was mixed and
cooled to 35.degree. C. Samples for testing were then poured off
and placed at their respective stability stations in preparation
for the 4 week study. The color loading in these formulations was
kept constant at 9.00% dry pigment. No other powder fill, except
for the black iron oxide pigment, was employed in these
formulations. Additional powder fills will lend to a whitening and
ashyness, which, in mascaras, is unacceptable.
Physical Testing
[0317] Brookfield Model RV-Spindle T at 5 rpm for 1 minute
(factor.times.10,000)
TABLE-US-00039 Initial Initial 1 week 2 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 4
week pH Viscosity Viscosity pH Viscosity Viscosity pH Viscosity
8.58 180,000 320,000 8.55 380,000 430,000 8.55 420,000
[0318] Viscosity readings throughout the 4 week test period showed
that there was no unusual build or decrease in viscosity. The
variations seen are very typical for a product of this type and
fall within an acceptable range for a mascara type product. Oven
stability consisted of R/T, 45.degree. C., and 2 Freeze/Thaw
cycles. After 4 weeks, samples showed no signs of separation,
sweating, severe loss of viscosity, change in consistency, loss of
structure, odor problems, or color change at any temperature.
Aesthetic Properties:
[0319] All samples were evaluated for potential differences in
odor, color, appearance, application, texture, feel, wearability,
or any other differences, if any. All mascara samples were
evaluated side-by side. In no cases were there any perceivable
differences in any of the aesthetic properties associated with
these types of cosmetic properties. Any differences noticed were
insignificant and were not a result of the ingredient changes.
Additionally, the mascara samples showed no differences in water
resistance. Even though the mascara was not specifically designed
to be water resistant, side by side, the products performed
equally. These were all fragrance free formulations, and there were
no apparent odor differences in any of the samples.
Example 36
Body Wash
TABLE-US-00040 [0320] Ingredients: % Wt. Water 45.0 Ammonium Lauryl
Sulfate, 25% 21.0 Ammonium Laureth Sulfate, 28% 21.0 Cocamidopropyl
Betaine, 35% 4.0 Acrylates Copolymer, Structure 3001 (30%) 5.0
Bio-PDO 1.0 Glycerin 1.0 PEG 10 Sunflower Glycerides 0.5 Soybean
Oil 0.2 Fragrance (0.2) Cocamide MEA 0.2 PEG 5 Cocamide 0.2 Guar
Hydroxypropyl trimonium Chloride 0.2 Diisopropanolamine 0.1
Methylcellulose 0.05 Carbomer 0.05 Tetrasodium EDTA 0.05
Methylchloroisothiazolinone, 0.05 Methylisothiazolinone Etidronic
Acid 0.05 Guanine (CI 75170) 0.05 Mica (CI 77019) 0.05 Titanium
Dioxide (CI 77891) 0.05 TOTAL 100
[0321] Ingredients were combined in the following order, with
propeller mixer agitation, allowing each ingredient to
dissolve,disperse completely before adding the next. Batch was
processed at 60.degree. C.: Water, Acrylates polymer, ALS, ALES,
GAB, Guar Hydroxypropyl trimonium Chloride, EDTA, PEG 10 Sunflower
glycerides, soybean oil, cocamide MEA, PEG 5 cocamide,
iisopropanolamine/methylcellulose/carbomer/guanine, mica/titanium
oxide, glycerin.
Example 37
Baby Lotion
TABLE-US-00041 [0322] Ingredients: % Wt. Water 85.2 Bio-PDO 3.0
Myristyl Myristate 2.5 Glyceryl Stearate 1.5 Oleic Acid 1.2 Stearic
Acid 1.2 Polysorbate 61 0.6 C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate 0.5 Dimethicone
0.5 Isopropyl Palmitate 0.5 Sorbitan Stearate 0.5 Cetyl Alcohol 0.5
Synthetic Beeswax 0.5 Stearyl Alcohol 0.5 Benzyl Alcohol 0.4
Carbomer 934 0.4 Fragrance 0.1 Methylparaben 0.2 Propylparaben 0.05
Butylparaben 0.05 BHT 0.05 D&C Red 3 trace TOTAL 100
[0323] Ingredients were combined in the following order, allowing
each to dissolve/disperse completely before adding the next:
[0324] Phase A: Disperse Carbomer in water with high speed
agitation, allowing particles to wet completely. Add Bio-PDO. Heat
to 70.degree. C.
[0325] Phase B: Combine Myristyl Myristate, glyceryl stearate,
Oleic Acid, Polysorbate 61, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Dimethicone,
Isopropyl Palmitate, Sorbitan Stearate, Cetyl Alcohol, Synthetic
Beeswax, Stearyl; Alcohol, Benzyl Alcohol, Methylparaben,
Propylparaben, Butylparaben, and BHT, heat to 70.degree. C.
[0326] With continuous high speed agitation, slowly add Phase B to
Phase A to form emulsion. Remove from heat and begin cooling with
continued agitation. After several minutes of mixing, add NaOH,
dissolved in a small amount of water. Batch will thicken. When
Batch reaches room temperature, add color, fragrance, and replace
water lost to evaporation. Batch is complete.
Example 38
Sulfate-Free Shampoo
TABLE-US-00042 [0327] Phase Ingredients: % Wt. A Water 33.82 A
NA.sub.2EDTA 0.05 A BIOTERGE AS 40 45.00 A GLUCAMATE DOE 120 1.50 A
Bio-PDO 4.75 B MONAMID CMA 3.00 B VELVETEX BK 35 10.00 C KATHON CG
0.06 C MACKPEARL 140V 1.50 D CITRIC ACID, 20% SOLN TO PH 6.0-6.5
0.32 TOTAL 100.00
Manufacturing Process:
[0328] Phase A: Combine Phase A ingredients into water and heat
with mixing to 75.degree. C. Slowly add remaining Phase A
ingredients. Hold temperature at 75.degree. C. and mix slowly.
[0329] Phase B: Combine phase B ingredients and heat to 75.degree.
C. with slow mixing. Add Phase B to Phase A and mix until
uniform.
[0330] Phase C: Add Phase C one at a time
[0331] Phase D: Use Phase D to adjust the pH of batch to
6.0-6.5
Example 39
Colored Cosmetic Composition (Liquid Make-Up)
[0332] Preparation: Mix the ingredients of phase B (aqueous phase)
and heat the mixture to 65oC with thorough stirring to form a
homogeneous aqueous phase.
[0333] Separately mix the contents of phase A until a uniform gel
is formed. Mix phase A and phase B and heat the mixture while
stirring at 65 oC for 1 hour. Cool the composition and transfer
into containers.
TABLE-US-00043 Ingredients Wt % Phase A Titanium Dioxide 6.0 Iron
Oxide, red 1.0 Pigment Blend 5 0.5 Bourdaux Mica 0.5 Caster Oil 8.0
Phase B Water 46.9 Bio-PDO 22.0 Emulsifying Vax 9.0 Sodium Stearate
4.5 GelMaker EMU 1.3 Methylbaraben 0.3
[0334] Stable oil in water emulsions were obtained.
Example 40
Colored Cosmetic Composition (Liquid Make-Up)
[0335] Preparation: Mix the ingredients of phase B (aqueous phase)
and heat the mixture to 65oC with thorough stirring to form a
homogeneous aqueous phase.
[0336] Separately mix the contents of phase A until a uniform gel
is formed. Mix phase A and phase B and heat the mixture while
stirring at 65 oC for 1 hour. Cool the composition and transfer
into containers.
TABLE-US-00044 Ingredients Wt % Phase A Titanium Dioxide 5.0 Iron
Oxide, red 1.0 Pigment Blend 5 0.5 Bourdaux Mica 0.5 Caster Oil 9.0
Phase B Water 46.9 Bio-PDO 22.0 Emulsifying Vax 9.0 Sodium Stearate
4.5 GelMaker EMU 1.3 Methylbaraben 0.3
[0337] Stable oil in water emulsions were obtained.
Example 41
Eye Makeup Remover
TABLE-US-00045 [0338] INGREDIENT Weight Percent C13-15 Alkanes
(Gemseal .RTM. 25) 5.00 C15-19 Alkanes (Gemseal .RTM. 40) 10.00
Oleth-5 13.00 DEA Oleth-3 Phosphate 5.75 Deionized Water 47.45
Bio-PDO 12.00 Glycerin 99% 6.50 Germaben II-E 0.30
[0339] Manufacturing Procedure:
[0340] Weigh the ingredients in Sequence A in a suitable vessel.
Begin heating to 75-80.degree. C. with good mixing. Weigh
ingredients in Sequence B in a secondary vessel. Begin heating to
75-80.degree. C. with good mixing. When both sequences are at the
proper temperatures, slowly add Sequence B to Sequence A with
continuous propeller mixing. Increase mixer speed as the sequences
are combined. Switch to a side wiping mixer and continue mixing
until the batch is smooth, uniform and homogeneous. Mix for 15
minutes and begin cooling the batch with continuous mixing. Cool
the batch to 25.degree. C. At 25.degree. C., remove the batch and
store in airtight containers. Check the viscosity and pH of the
batch.
Example 42
Eye Shadow
TABLE-US-00046 [0341] Ingredient Weight Percent Deionized Water
44.15 Keltrol F 0.20 Veegum Regular Granules 2.00 Disodium EDTA
0.10 Triethanolamine 99% 0.50 Bio-PDO 10.00 Lubrajel Oil 1.00
Isodecyl Neopentanoate 7.35 Lipo GMS 450 2.00 Behenyl Alcohol 0.50
Myristyl Alcohol 0.50 Cetyl Alcohol 0.50 Stearic Acid 1.50 Alcolec
S 0.15 Isostearyl Neopentanoate 5.00 Tocopheryl Acetate 0.05
Allianz .TM. OPT 1.00 DC 345 Fluid - Cyclomethicone 7.50 Germaben
II-E 1.00 Cosmetic Russet C33-5138 0.60 Cosmetic Yellow C33-1700
0.12 Black Iron Oxide LC989 0.24 Sericite PHN 0.24 Timica Sparkle
110P 13.80
[0342] Manufacturing Procedure:
[0343] Combine ingredients in Phase A and begin mixing until the
Phase is smooth and uniform. Combine Phase B ingredients and begin
heating to 80.degree. C. with continuous mixing. Heat Phase A to
75-80.degree. C. When Phase A and Phase B are at the proper
temperatures slowly add Phase B to Phase A using continuous high
speed homogenizing mixing. Add Phase C to the batch with
homogenizing mixing. When the batch is uniform, begin cooling the
batch to 55.degree. C. with continuous homogenizer mixing. At
55.degree. C. add Phase D to the batch. Mix until uniform. Add
Phase E to the batch and mix until uniform. Weigh Phase F in a
suitable blender. Grind Phase F through a micropulverizer or
equivalent. When Phase F is free of pigment specks, add Phase G to
Phase F and blend until uniform. In the main batch vessel, switch
to a side wiping mixer and begin cooling the batch to 25.degree. C.
At 25.degree. C. add Phase F & G to the batch and mix until all
the powders are dispersed and batch is smooth and uniform. Store
the batch in airtight containers until ready for filling. Check the
viscosity and pH of the batch.
Example 43
Cheek Color
TABLE-US-00047 [0344] Ingredients Weight Percent Deionized Water
62.00 Bio-PDO 8.00 Stepanquat ML 2.00 Germaben II-E 1.00 SI-TEC
.TM. CM-040 Cyclomethicone 20.00 Abil EM-90 1.00 Salcare SC-95 2.00
Phenoxyethanol 1.00 SI-TEC .TM. CM-040 Cyclomethicone 1.80 Titanium
Dioxide 328 0.68 D&C Red 30 (Puricolor Red VRE1) 0.52
[0345] Manufacturing Procedure:
[0346] NOTE: This is a cold process emulsion and must be
manufactured at room temperature (25.degree. C.). Combine Phase A
in a suitable mixing vessel. Mix until the Phase is clear and
uniform. Combine Phase B in a suitable mixing vessel. Mix until the
Phase is clear and uniform. Premix Phase C in a separate container
and grind through a 3-roll mill until there are no pigment specks
present. Add Phase C to Phase B and mix until all the color is
dispersed. When Phases A and B & C are uniform, slowly add
Phase A to combined Phases B & C and mix until all the phases
are combined. Switch to a homogenizing mixer and mix for 10-15
minutes. Store the batch in airtight containers until ready for
filling. Check the viscosity and pH of the batch.
Example 44
Liquid Eyeliner
TABLE-US-00048 [0347] Ingredients Weight Percent Deionized Water
35.00 Keltrol F 0.20 Methyl Paraben 0.25 PVP K-30 (10% Aq Solution)
11.75 Triethanolamine 99% 1.00 Bio-PDO 10.00 Cosmetic Russet
C33-5138 5.00 Cosmetic Yellow C33-1700 1.00 Black Iron Oxide LC989
2.00 Sericite PHN 2.00 Carnauba Wax #1 4.00 White Beeswax 2.00
Permethyl 104A 6.00 Stearic Acid 2.50 Lipo GMS 450 1.00 Propyl
Paraben 0.20 Phenoxyethanol 1.00 Deionized Water 1.00 Germall 115
0.10 Lubrajel Oil 14.00
[0348] Manufacturing Procedure:
[0349] Combine Phase A ingredients in a suitable mixing vessel, Mix
until the Phase is uniform. Grind Phase B in a micropulverizer.
When Phase B is free of pigment specks, add Phase B to Phase A with
continuous mixing. Mix until the phases are uniform and free of
lumps. Homogenize the batch for 10-15 minutes or as necessary to
make Phase A & B smooth and homogeneous. In a separate vessel
combine Phase C ingredients and begin heating to 80-85.degree. C.
with good mixing. Begin heating Phase A to 75-80.degree. C. When
all phases are at the proper temperatures slowly add Phase C to
Phases A & B with continuous mixing. Mix for 15 minutes with
the batch covered to prevent water loss. Begin cooling the batch.
Combine Phase D ingredients in a separate vessel. At 50.degree. C.
slowly add Phase D to the batch with continuous mixing. Continue
cooling the batch to room temperature. At 25.degree. C. remove the
batch and store in airtight containers until ready for filling.
Check the viscosity and pH of the batch.
Example 45
Hair Dye Base and Shade Formulations
TABLE-US-00049 [0350] Ingredient Dye Base Dk Ash Bn Med Auburn
Water 59.78 59.78 59.78 AlkylPolyglucoside 1.75 1.75 1.75 Oleic
Acid 10.00 10.00 10.00 Nonoxynol-1 0.70 0.70 0.70 Nonoxynol-4 1.23
1.23 1.23 Ammonium Hydroxide 4.00 4.00 4.00 EDTA (4Na) 0.05 0.05
0.05 Erythorbic Acid 0.40 0.40 0.40 Sodium Sulfite 0.10 0.10 0.10
Bio-PDO 7.00 7.00 7.00 Heat to 80 C. for 10 min., cooled, q.s., add
IPA Isopropanol 99% 5.00 5.00 5.00 Water 10.00 6.06 8.137 100.00
p-Phenylenediamine 0.369 Toluene-2,5-Diamine Sulfate 1.763 0.000
m-Aminophenol 0.146 0.018 Resorcinol 1.685 0.000 1-Naphthol 0.168
0.047 N,N-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)-PPD 0.176 0.046 Sulfate
4-Amino-2-Hydroxytoluene 0.922 p-Aminophenol 0.461 Ammonium
Hydroxide (q.s. to q.s. q.s. pH 10.0) 100.00 100.00 pH (25 C.)
10.03 Viscosity cps 425 380-440 350-390 (20 C.; RVT; #2; 100
RPM)
Example 46
Composition for use before Shaving
TABLE-US-00050 [0351] Ingredient Weight Percent EDTA 35% Sodium
lauryl sulfate 3.3% Nipagin 20% Nipazol 0.08% Cetyl alcohol 1.8%
Carbopol 940 1.4% White wax 0.15% Polysorbate 80 4% Bio-PDO 11.5%
Triethanolamine 1.7% Water 21.07%
Example 47
Aftershave
TABLE-US-00051 [0352] Ingredient Weight Percent Isopropanol 30-70%
SD alcohol-40 10-30% Acetylsalicylic acid 8-22% Carbomer 0.25-1.75%
Propylene glycol 2-15% Glycerin 2-15% PEG 1-8% Water q.s. to
100%
Example 48
Shaving Cosmetics Containing Moisturizers
TABLE-US-00052 [0353] Ingredients Weight Percent Bio-PDO 50-90%
Oils 0.1-30% H2O 0.01-10% Also: H2O 5.0% Glycerin 31.5%
1,3-butylene glycol 20.0% Bio-PDO 20.0% Polyethylene glycol 15.0%
Isostearic acid 7.0% Dimethylpolysiloxane 1.0% Perfume 0.5%
Example 49
Stick Delivery System
Treatment of Razor Burn
TABLE-US-00053 [0354] Ingredient Weight percent Solvent* Bio-PDO
72% Gelling agent** Sodium stearate 8% Agent*** lidocaine 4%
Menthol 1% Water 15% *polyhydric alcohol **alkali metal stearate
and/or palmitate ***anesthetic, an antihistamine, an
anti-inflammatory agent, an antifungal
Example 50
Water-In-Oil Emulsion Brushless Nonlathering Shaving Cream
TABLE-US-00054 [0355] Ingredient Weight Percent Long-chain fatty
alcohol* 4-15% Surfactant** 1-10% Wetting agent*** 1-10%
Emollient**** 4-20% *lauryl, stearyl, cetyl, myristyl **anionic,
nonionic, amphoteric, or quaternary surfactants/emulsifiers
***glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, or polyethylene glycol
****vaseline or mineral oils
Example 51
Shaving Cream
TABLE-US-00055 [0356] Ingredient Weight Percent 70% sorbitol 6.19%
Bio-PDO 6.19% Stearic acid 22.80% C10-16 fatty acids 19.00% 40% KOH
20.60% Boric acid 0.70% H2O 23.35-26.37% Perfume 1.00-1.17%
Allantoin 0.20% Nipagin 0.20% Vegetable oil 3.00%
Example 52
Shaving Creams
TABLE-US-00056 [0357] Ingredient Weight Percent A) Stearin and
coconut oil 40.56% 40% KOH 20.68% 70% sorbitol and Bio-PDO 13.66%
H3BO3 2.74% Allantoin 2.74% Anesthesin 2.74% Nipagin 2.74% H2O
22.36% B) Stearin 31% Coconut oil 10% 40% KOH 20.48% 70% sorbitol
6.0% Bio-PDO 7.65% H3BO3 0.65% Nipagin 1.0% Allantoin 1.0%
Anesthesin 0.74% Perfume 1.0% Dye 0.05% Na alginate 0.07% H2O
20.36%
Example 53
Pre-Shave Sticks
TABLE-US-00057 [0358] Ingredient Weight Percent A) Glyceryl
monooleate 25-70% Sodium stearate 8-25% Bio-PDO 0-50% H2O 1-10% B)
Atlas G-3496 61.65% Sodium stearate 15.0% Water 3.0% Perfume 0.35%
Bio-PDO 20.0%
Example 54
Liquid Shaving Compositions
TABLE-US-00058 [0359] Ingredient Weight Percent A) Nonionic
surfactant 60-97% Bio-PDO 2-25% H2O 1-15% B) Glycerol monooleate
77.8% polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate 6.6 H2O 6% Bio-PDO
9.6%
Example 55
Shaving Solution
TABLE-US-00059 [0360] Ingredient Weight Percent Bio-PDO 50-80%
Deionized water 1-50%
Example 56
Shaving Solution
TABLE-US-00060 [0361] Ingredient Weight Percent Bio-PDO 50-80%
Deionized water 1-50%
Example 57
Skin Preparation Solution
Application to the Surface of the Skin Prior to Shaving
TABLE-US-00061 [0362] Ingredient Weight Percent Bio-PDO 10-80%
Deionized water 10-80% Imidazolidinyl urea 0.02-4% Methylparaben
0.02-4% Propylparaben 0.01-2%
Example 58
Post Hair Removal Skin Care Lotion
TABLE-US-00062 [0363] Ingredient Weight Percent Deionized water
q.s. to 100% Aloe vera gel 6-7.4% Soybean oil 6-7.4% Alpha lipoic
acid 0.2-1.3% Stearic acid 3.5-4.3% Glyceryl monostearate 3-3.7%
Bio-PDO 2.5-3.1% Lauramide DEA 1.4-1.6% Vitamin E 0.4-0.5%
Hydrocortisone acetate 0.2-0.5% Vitamin C 0.2-0.25% Carbomer
0.2-0.25% Hydroxymethylcellulose 0.2-0.25% Methylparaben 0.2-0.25%
Propylparaben 0.09-0.1% Polyquaternium-15 0.09-0.1%
Example 59
Transparent Shaving Gel
TABLE-US-00063 [0364] Ingredient Weight Percent Bio-PDO 15-20%
Lubricant/skin conditioners 2-5% Thickener 0.5-0.8% Neutralizer
0.5-0.8% Preservative 0.2-0.5%
Example 60
[0365] Enzyme-Containing Toothpastes
TABLE-US-00064 Ingredient Weight Percent Bio-PDO 20-73 Friction
materials 15-50 Thickening agent .sup. 1-1.7 Surfactant 1-6 Essence
0.8-1.2 Water 8-35 Saccharin 0.1-0.3 Pigment .sup. 0-0.5 PEG 0-6
Biological enzyme 0.01-2 Menthol .sup. 0-0.1 Sodium dihydrogen
phosphate 0.1-0.5 Titanium dioxide 0-1 Biological enzyme stabilizer
0.1-4.sup.
Example 61
Composition for Treatment of Oral Cavity
[0366] Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Treatment of the Oral
Cavity with Toothpaste
TABLE-US-00065 Ingredient Weight Percent Clindamycin 0.01-0.1%
Metronidazole 0.01-0.1% Propylene glycol 5-10% Sorbitol (70%) 1-10%
Sodium dimethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate 0.1-0.5%
Example 62
Beautifying Toothpaste
TABLE-US-00066 [0367] Ingredient Weight Percent Beautifying agent
0.5%-5 .sup. Sepiolite 0.25-4% Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 0.1-2.5%
Humectant 15%-25%.sup. Bio-PDO Adhesive 1%-2.5% Xanthan gum Foaming
agent 1.5-2.5% Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) Abrasive/Friction agent
40-50% Calcium carbonate Essence 1%-1.5% Saccharin 0.1-0.5.sup.
Water q.s. to 100
Example 63
Multifunctional Health-Care Toothpaste
[0368] Treats dental caries, and has antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory and desensitizing properties.
TABLE-US-00067 Ingredient Weight Percent Abrasives 30-55 CaCO3,
CaHPO4, Al(OH)3 or SiO2 Wetting agent 15-25 Bio-PDO Thickening
agent 1.0-1.4 xanthan gum Destaining agent (surfactant) 2.0-2.5 Na
dodecyl sulfate Polymer 0.1-2.0 Triclosan 0.1-0.3 Chinese medicine
ext. 0.1-0.5 Desensitizer 0.2-0.4 Fluoride 0.2-0.8 Saccharine
0.25-0.35 Perfume .sup. 0.8-1.2% Water to 100%
Example 64
Dentifrice Composition
TABLE-US-00068 [0369] Ingredient Weight Percent Abrasive .sup.
5-50% Silica Binder 0.1-30% Xanthan gum Humectant 10-80% Propylene
glycol Surfactant 0.1-5% Alkyl polyglycosides as nonionic
Example 65
Toothpaste
TABLE-US-00069 [0370] Ingredient Weight Percent Calcium carbonate
40-45% Hydroxyethylcellulose .sup. 1-1.3% Bio-PDO 22-25% Sodium
laurylsulfate 1.8-2%.sup. Nipagin 0.09-0.10% Nipasol 0.025-0.30%
Protease 0.25-0.50% Sodium acetate 0.15-0.25% Saccharin 0.10-0.15%
Flavoring 0.75-1% Water q.s. to 100%
Example 66
Mouthwash for Infants
A Mouthwash for Infants Contains, for Every 100 g or mL
TABLE-US-00070 [0371] Ingredient Weight Percent Sorbitol 3.00
Glycerol 3.00 Methylparaben 0.20 Propylparaben 0.10 Bio-PDO 4.00
Disodium EDTA 0.10 Sodium lauryl sulfate 0.40 Sodium saccharin 0.06
Petitgraine essential oil 0.02 Tea tree essential oil 0.03
Potassium sorbate 0.20 Sodium citrate 0.05 Potassium phosphate 0.10
Citric acid 0.50 CI19140 0.02 CI47090 0.01 Water q.s. to 100
Example 67
Aqueous Antiplaque Oral Compositions
[0372] Mouth rinse Comprising Antibacterial Ester, Arginine
Derivative, Surfactant, Humectant
TABLE-US-00071 Ingredient Weight Percent Ethyl lauroylarginate-HCl
0.1 Sorbitol 10.0 Glycerin 10.0 Bio-PDO 7.0 Polysorbate-20 0.8
Cocoamidopropylbetaine 0.8 Sodium saccharin 0.03 Flavor 0.10 Water
q.s. to 100%
Example 68
Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agent for Mouth Care
TABLE-US-00072 [0373] Ingredient Weight Percent Binders 0.1-5.0% Na
CM-cellulose Foaming components 0.1-5.0% Na lauryl sulfate
Antidesiccants 1.0-15.0% Bio-PDO Preservatives 0.02-0.5% Me or Pr
p-hydroxybenzoate Flavors 0.1-2.0% peppermint oil Abrasives 5.0-25%
colloid silica, silica powder Solvents 0.1-90.0% Water 50.0-90.0%
phosphate buffer pH 6.5-7.5 0.5-3.0% ethanol 0.1-50.0% Biologically
active components 0.01-8.0% Protamin sulfate 0.1-5.0% Allantoin
0.05-1.0% Sodium fluoride 0.03-3.0% Vitamin PP 0.01-5.0% Provitamin
B5 0.05-8.0%
Example 69
Antimicrobial Compositions
Antimicrobial Cream or Ointment
TABLE-US-00073 [0374] Ingredient Weight Percent Glycerol 6% Bio-PDO
5.5%.sup. Sodium lauryl sulfate 1% Cetyl alcohol 4.5%.sup. Cetyl
palmitate 4% Stearic alcohol 4.5%.sup. Stearic acid 4% White
petrolatum 5% Antimicrobial agent 1% Water 64.5%
Example 70
Oral Compositions Containing Antimicrobial
[0375] Mouthwashes, Gargles, Dentifrices, Anti-plaque compounds,
Oral film dentifrices, General antiseptic, Denture cleansing
tablets or solutions. Mouth rinse:
TABLE-US-00074 Ingredient Weight Percent Alcohol .sup. 15%
Antimicrobial agent 0.05% Flavoring oil 0.1% Bio-PDO 3% Sodium
lauryl Me cocoyl taurate 0.3% Sodium citrate 0.08% Citric acid
0.02% Saccharin sodium 0.1% FD&C Green No 30.0002% Water q.s.
to 100%
Example 71
Antiseptic Mouthwash
TABLE-US-00075 [0376] Ingredient Weight Percent Ethyl alcohol 6-7
Bio-PDO 12-13 Propolis 0.001-0.10 Cinnamic aldehyde 0.003-0.35
Alkyl dimethylbenzylammonium chloride 0.003-0.35 Water q.s. to
100%
Example 72
Composition Containing Antibacterial Agent
TABLE-US-00076 [0377] Ingredient Weight Percent Phenolic
antibacterial agent 0.05-5 Disinfecting alcohol 1-40 Gelling agent
0.1-5 .sup. Hydrotrope 0.1-30% Bio-PDO 0.1-50% H2O q.s. to 100%
Example 73
Mouthwash Composition Containing Bactericide
Manual Spray:
TABLE-US-00077 [0378] Ingredient Weight Percent Cineole 2.7 Thymol
1.8 Methyl salicylate 1.5 Menthol 1.5 Ethoxylated hydrogenated
castor oils 10 Shellac 1.0 Bio-PDO 30 Ethanol 51.5
* * * * *