U.S. patent application number 14/559328 was filed with the patent office on 2015-03-26 for electrical energy saving system.
This patent application is currently assigned to Black Hawk Energy Products LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is Black Hawk Energy Products LLC. Invention is credited to Jerry B. Johnson.
Application Number | 20150085417 14/559328 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42098639 |
Filed Date | 2015-03-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150085417 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Johnson; Jerry B. |
March 26, 2015 |
ELECTRICAL ENERGY SAVING SYSTEM
Abstract
A system for conditioning the three-phase alternating current
electric power, including a first phase, a second phase, a third
phase, and a neutral line, supplied to a load includes a plurality
of first surge arresters, a plurality of second surge arresters, a
plurality of third surge arresters, a three-phase surge suppressor,
and a plurality of capacitors. The surge arresters minimize the
amount by which the voltage between two phases and the neutral line
exceeds a rated value. The three-phase surge suppressor minimizes
the amount by which the voltage between the three phases and the
neutral line exceeds a rated value. The capacitors minimize the
amount by which the voltage between two phases falls below a rated
value.
Inventors: |
Johnson; Jerry B.; (Pleasent
View, TN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Black Hawk Energy Products LLC |
Ashland City |
TN |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Black Hawk Energy Products
LLC
Ashland City
TN
|
Family ID: |
42098639 |
Appl. No.: |
14/559328 |
Filed: |
December 3, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
12579030 |
Oct 14, 2009 |
|
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14559328 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
361/118 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02H 9/041 20130101;
H02H 9/04 20130101; H02H 9/08 20130101; Y02E 40/30 20130101; H02J
3/1821 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
361/118 |
International
Class: |
H02H 9/08 20060101
H02H009/08; H02H 9/04 20060101 H02H009/04 |
Claims
1. A system for conditioning a single phase alternating current
electric power, including a first line, a second line, and a
neutral line, supplied to a load, the system comprising: a
plurality of first surge arresters including a first terminal
connected to the first line, a second terminal connected to the
second line, and a third terminal connected to the neutral line and
configured to minimize an amount by which the voltage between the
first line and the second line exceeds a rated value by presenting
a low impedance to the neutral line when the voltage between the
first line and the second line exceeds the rated value; and a
capacitor including a first terminal connected to the first line
and a second terminal connected to the second line and configured
to minimize an amount by which the voltage between the first line
and the second line falls below the rated value.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the first surge arresters
includes an electric current rating, such that the number of first
surge arresters is related to the electric current requirement of
the load divided by the electric current rating.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a single phase surge
suppressor coupled to the first line, the second line, and the
neutral line and configured to minimize an amount by which the
voltage between the two lines and the neutral line exceeds a rated
value by presenting the low impedance to the neutral line when
either the first line or the second line exceeds the rated
value.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first surge arresters and the
single phase surge suppressor are passive.
5. A system for conditioning a single phase alternating current
electric power, including a first line, a second line, and a
neutral line, supplied to a load, the system comprising: a single
phase surge suppressor coupled to the first line, the second line,
and the neutral line and configured to minimize an amount by which
the voltage between the two lines and the neutral line exceeds a
rated value by presenting the low impedance to the neutral line
when either the first line or the second line exceeds the rated
value; a plurality of first surge arresters including a first
terminal connected to the first line, a second terminal connected
to the second line, and a third terminal connected to the neutral
line and configured to minimize an amount by which the voltage
between the first line and the second line exceeds a rated value by
presenting a low impedance to the neutral line when the voltage
between the first line and the second line exceeds the rated value;
and a capacitor including a first terminal connected to the first
line and a second terminal connected to the second line and
configured to minimize an amount by which the voltage between the
first line and the second line falls below the rated value.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein each of the first surge arresters
includes an electric current rating, such that the number of first
surge arresters is related to the electric current requirement of
the load divided by the electric current rating.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the first surge arresters and the
single phase surge suppressor are passive.
8. A system for conditioning a single phase alternating current
electric power, including a first line, a second line, and a
neutral line, supplied to a load, the system comprising: a single
phase surge suppressor coupled to the first line, the second line,
and the neutral line and configured to minimize an amount by which
the voltage between the two lines and the neutral line exceeds a
rated value by presenting the low impedance to the neutral line
when either the first line or the second line exceeds the rated
value; a plurality of first surge arresters including a first
terminal connected to the first line, a second terminal connected
to the second line, and a third terminal connected to the neutral
line and configured to minimize an amount by which the voltage
between the first line and the second line exceeds a rated value by
presenting a low impedance to the neutral line when the voltage
between the first line and the second line exceeds the rated value,
each first surge arrester including an electric current rating,
such that the number of first surge arresters is related to the
electric current requirement of the load divided by the electric
current rating; and a capacitor including a first terminal
connected to the first line and a second terminal connected to the
second line and configured to minimize an amount by which the
voltage between the first line and the second line falls below the
rated value.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The current patent application is a continuation patent
application which claims priority benefit, with regard to all
common subject matter, of earlier-filed U.S. patent application
titled "ELECTRICAL ENERGY SAVING SYSTEM", Ser. No. 12/579,030,
filed Oct. 14, 2009. The identified earlier-filed application is
hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into the present
application.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods and
systems for supplying alternating current (AC) electric power to a
load. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention
relate to methods and systems that condition the power supplied to
a load from an AC electric power supply in order to save electrical
energy.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] AC electric power supplied from a utility company may
include transient spikes or surges in the line voltage, wherein the
voltage level is greater than it should be, as a result of
lightning or electrical storm activity or various other phenomena.
In addition, the line voltage may experience droops or sags,
wherein the voltage level is less than it should be, as a result of
increased loading of the power supply. These variations in the
level of the voltage supplied to a load may lead to additional wear
on devices connected to the power supply and increased electrical
energy consumed in the form of additional heat produced in the
electrical system wiring and additional start-up current load.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Embodiments of the present invention solve the
above-mentioned problems and provide a distinct advance in the art
of supplying alternating current (AC) electric power to a load.
More particularly, embodiments of the invention provide methods and
systems that condition the power supplied to a load from an AC
electric power supply in order to save electrical energy.
[0007] One embodiment of the invention is a system for conditioning
the three phase alternating current electric power, including a
first phase, a second phase, a third phase, and a neutral line,
supplied to a load. The system broadly comprises a plurality of
first surge arresters, a plurality of second surge arresters, a
plurality of third surge arresters, a three-phase surge suppressor,
and a plurality of capacitors. The first surge arresters may be
coupled to the first phase, the second phase, and the neutral line
and may minimize the amount by which the voltage between two phases
and the neutral line exceeds a rated value. The second surge
arresters may be coupled to the second phase, the third phase, and
the neutral line and may minimize the amount by which the voltage
between two phases and the neutral line exceeds the rated value.
The third surge arresters may be coupled to the first phase, the
third phase, and the neutral line and may minimize the amount by
which the voltage between two phases and the neutral line exceeds
the rated value. The three phase surge suppressor may be coupled to
the first phase, the second phase, the third phase, and the neutral
line and may minimize the amount by which the voltage between the
three phases and the neutral line exceeds the rated value. The
capacitors may include a first capacitor coupled to the first phase
and the second phase, a second capacitor coupled to the second
phase and the third phase, and a third capacitor coupled to the
first phase and the third phase, and may minimize the amount by
which the voltage between two phases falls below the rated
value.
[0008] Another embodiment of the invention is a system for
conditioning a single phase alternating current electric power,
including a first phase, a second phase, and a neutral line,
supplied to a load. The system broadly comprises a plurality of
first surge arresters, a single phase surge suppressor, and a
capacitor. The first surge arresters may be coupled to the first
phase, the second phase, and the neutral line and configured to
minimize the amount by which the voltage between the first phase
and the second phase exceeds a rated value by presenting a low
impedance to the neutral line when the voltage between the first
phase and the second phase exceeds the rated value. The single
phase surge suppressor may be coupled to the first phase, the
second phase, and the neutral line and configured to minimize the
amount by which the voltage between the two phases and the neutral
line exceeds a rated value by presenting the low impedance to the
neutral line when either the first phase or the second phase
exceeds the rated value. The capacitor may be coupled to the first
phase and the second phase and configured to minimize the amount by
which the voltage between the first phase and the second phase
falls below the rated value.
[0009] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of
concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in
the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify
key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter,
nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed
subject matter.
[0010] Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will
be apparent from the following detailed description of the
embodiments and the accompanying drawing figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
[0011] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail
below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
[0012] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system constructed in
accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention
for conditioning a three phase alternating current electric power
supplied to a load;
[0013] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system constructed in
accordance with another embodiment of the invention for
conditioning a single phase alternating current electric power
supplied to a load; and
[0014] FIG. 3 is a graph of four plots of measured parameters of
the FIG. 2 embodiment of the system implemented at a residence.
[0015] The drawing figures do not limit the present invention to
the specific embodiments disclosed and described herein. The
drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being
placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0016] The following detailed description of the invention
references the accompanying drawings that illustrate specific
embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. The
embodiments are intended to describe aspects of the invention in
sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice
the invention. Other embodiments can be utilized and changes can be
made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The
following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a
limiting sense. The scope of the present invention is defined only
by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to
which such claims are entitled.
[0017] A system 10 constructed in accordance with various
embodiments of the present invention for conditioning the power
supplied to a load 12 from an alternating current (AC) electric
power supply 14 is shown in FIG. 1. The electric power supply 14,
in various embodiments, may be a three-phase electric power source
and may represent the electric power supplied from a utility
company, a generator, or similar source. The electric power supply
14 may present a first phase 16, a second phase 18, a third phase
20, and a neutral line 22, wherein the angular difference of the
voltage between any two phases is 120 degrees, as known to those
skilled in the art. The load 12 may be any commonly implemented
load that draws electric power such as motors, compressors,
turbines, lighting, heating, combinations thereof, or other
industrial, commercial, or residential loads. The load 12 may be
balanced between the first phase 16, the second phase 18, and the
third phase 20, or the load 12 may be unbalanced.
[0018] The system 10 may broadly comprise a first set of surge
arresters 24, a second set of surge arresters 26, a third set of
surge arresters 28, a three-phase surge suppressor 30, and a
plurality of capacitors 32. The system 10 is generally positioned
between the electric power supply 14 and the load 12, and may be
utilized with existing electric power supply 14 structures in an
industrial, commercial, or residential setting. Or, the system 10
may be integrated into a new residence or other building. In
embodiments for usage with a new electric power supply 14
structure, the components of the system 10 may be incorporated in
an electric power distribution control panel. In other embodiments
for usage with an existing residence or building, the system 10 may
be enclosed in a housing or insulated box, typically in close
proximity to the electric power delivery point, such as a wiring
panel, for a facility, building, or residence. The housing may be
designed to output four wires that couple with each of the phases
16, 18, 20 and the neutral line 22 of the existing electric power
wiring.
[0019] In one embodiment, the first set surge arresters 24 may
include two surge arresters 24a, 24b, as depicted in FIG. 1. The
surge arresters 24a, 24b may include surge suppressors or lightning
arresters or other devices that operate on the general principle of
presenting an open circuit or high impedance between two ports when
the voltage between the two ports is less than or equal to a given
value and presenting a short circuit or low impedance between the
two ports when the voltage therebetween exceeds the given value. In
various embodiments, one of the ports may be coupled to one of the
phases 16, 18, 20 and the other port may be coupled to the neutral
line. The surge arresters 24a, 24b may be generally passive
elements and may include such components as metal-oxide varistors
or the like.
[0020] In various embodiments, the surge arrester 24a may present a
single phase, two-pole, three-wire configuration, and may include a
first port 36a, a second port 36b, and a ground port 36c. An
example of the surge arrester 24a may include the AG2401C from
Intermatic of Spring Grove, Ill. The two-pole surge arrester 24a
may monitor the voltage between two set of ports
independently--between the first port 36a and the ground port 36c,
and between the second port 36b and the ground port 36c. Thus, the
surge arrester 24a may present a low impedance between the first
port 36a and the ground port 36c if the voltage therebetween
exceeds a rated value. Likewise, the surge arrester 24a may present
a low impedance between the second port 36b and the ground port 36c
if the voltage therebetween exceeds a rated value. The surge
arrester 24a may have an additional mode of operation, wherein the
surge arrester 24a presents a low impedance from either or both of
the first port 36a and the second port 36b to the ground port 36c
when the voltage between the first port 36a and the second port 36b
exceeds a rated value. The surge arrester 24b may be substantially
similar to the surge arrester 24a and may include a first port 36d,
a second port 36e, and a ground port 36f.
[0021] The surge arrester 24a may further include an electric
current rating which corresponds to the rated amount of current
that can be handled by the surge arrester 24a. Thus, the number of
surge arresters 24a, 24b, etc. included in the plurality of first
surge arresters 24 is related to the total amount of current the
load 12 is expected to draw divided by the current rating of each
surge arrester 24a, 24b. For example, if the total current drawn by
the load 12 is 200 amperes (A) and each surge arrester 24a, 24b is
rated for 40 A, then there may be 200A/40A=5 surge arresters 24a,
24b, etc. included in the plurality of first surge arresters 24. In
some embodiments, it may be possible to include surge arresters
24a, 24b of different current ratings as long as the sum of the
current ratings for all the surge arresters 24a, 24b, etc. is equal
to or greater than the total current drawn by the load 12.
[0022] The surge arrester 24a may be oriented in the system 10 such
that the first port 36a is coupled to the first phase 16, the
second port 36b is coupled to the second phase 18, and the ground
port 36c is coupled to the neutral line 22. The surge arrester 24b
may be oriented in the system 10 such that the first port 36d is
coupled to the first phase 16, the second port 36e is coupled to
the second phase 18, and the ground port 36f is coupled to the
neutral line 22.
[0023] The second set of surge arresters 26 may also include two
surge arresters 26a, 26b, which may function substantially the same
way as the surge arresters 24a, 24b described above. The surge
arrester 26a may include a first port 38a, a second port 38b, and a
ground port 38c. The surge arrester 26b may include a first port
38d, a second port 38e, and a ground port 38f. The surge arrester
26a may be oriented in the system 10 such that the first port 38a
is coupled to the second phase 18, the second port 38b is coupled
to the third phase 20, and the ground port 38c is coupled to the
neutral line 22. The surge arrester 26b may be oriented in the
system 10 such that the first port 38d is coupled to the second
phase 18, the second port 38e is coupled to the third phase 20, and
the ground port 38f is coupled to the neutral line 22.
[0024] The third set of surge arresters 28 may also include two
surge arresters 28a, 28b, which may function substantially the same
way as the surge arresters 24a, 24b described above. The surge
arrester 28a may include a first port 40a, a second port 40b, and a
ground port 40c. The surge arrester 28b may include a first port
40d, a second port 40e, and a ground port 40f. The surge arrester
28a may be oriented in the system 10 such that the first port 40a
is coupled to the second phase 18, the second port 40b is coupled
to the third phase 20, and the ground port 40c is coupled to the
neutral line 22. The surge arrester 28b may be oriented in the
system 10 such that the first port 40d is coupled to the second
phase 18, the second port 40e is coupled to the third phase 20, and
the ground port 40f is coupled to the neutral line 22.
[0025] The three-phase surge suppressor 30 may include surge
suppressors, surge protectors, surge arresters, combinations
thereof, and the like. The three-phase surge suppressor 30 may be a
generally passive element and may include such components as
metal-oxide varistors or the like. The three-phase surge suppressor
30 may include a first port 42, a second port 44, a third port 46,
and a ground port 48. An example of the three-phase surge
suppressor 30 includes the 120 Volt AC (VAC) transient voltage
surge suppressor from Innovative Technology of Moon Township, Pa.
In a similar fashion to the surge arrester 34 discussed above, the
three-phase surge suppressor 30 may present a low impedance between
the first port 42 and the ground port 48 if the voltage
therebetween exceeds a rated value. Likewise, the three-phase surge
suppressor 30 may present a low impedance between the second port
44 and the ground port 48 if the voltage therebetween exceeds a
rated value, and may present a low impedance between the third port
46 and the ground port 48 if the voltage therebetween exceeds a
rated value. The three-phase surge suppressor 30 may be oriented in
the system 10 such that the first port 42 is coupled to the first
phase 16, the second port 44 is coupled to the second phase 18, the
third port 46 is coupled to the third phase 20, and the ground port
48 is coupled to the neutral line 22.
[0026] The plurality of capacitors 32 generally maintains the
voltage level of any of the first phase 16, the second phase 18, or
the third phase 20 with respect to one another whenever the load 12
changes, such as whenever a load is added as may occur during the
starting of an electric motor. The plurality of capacitors 32 may
also serve to correct the power factor by reducing the reactive
power consumed by highly inductive loads such as electric motors.
The plurality of capacitors 32 may include many types of capacitors
such as electrolytic or polypropylene dielectric capacitors.
[0027] The plurality of capacitors 32 may include at least a first
capacitor 50, a second capacitor 52, and a third capacitor 54. In
various embodiments, the three capacitors may be substantially
similar. Further, the first capacitor 50, the second capacitor 52,
and the third capacitor 54 may include one or more physical
capacitors coupled in parallel. Examples of the first capacitor 50,
the second capacitor 52, and the third capacitor 54 may include the
HID 4446-P 280 VAC, 28 microfarad capacitor from Aerovox
Corporation of New Bedford, Mass.
[0028] First capacitor 50 may include a first terminal 56a coupled
to the first phase 16 and a second terminal 56b coupled to the
second phase 18. Second capacitor 52 may include a first terminal
58a coupled to the second phase 18 and a second terminal 58b
coupled to the third phase 20. Third capacitor 54 may include a
first terminal 60a coupled to the third phase 20 and a second
terminal 60b coupled to the first phase 16.
[0029] A second embodiment of the system 100 that may be utilized
with a single phase electric power supply 102 is shown in FIG. 2.
The electric power supply 102 may be similar to that which is
delivered to a residence or small business wherein 120 VAC is
supplied to the load 104. The electric power supply may include a
first phase 106, a second phase 108, and a neutral line 110.
Typical loads 104 may include common household or business items
such as small appliances, lighting, entertainment devices,
computing devices, combinations thereof, and the like. Similar to
system 10 described above, system 100 may be enclosed in a housing
or insulated box, typically in close proximity to the electric
power delivery point for the house or business. Alternatively, the
components of the system 100 may be incorporated in an electric
power distribution control panel. The system 100 may broadly
comprise a first set of surge arresters 112, a single-phase surge
suppressor 114, and a plurality of capacitors 116.
[0030] The first set of surge arresters 112 may perform a
substantially similar function as the first surge arresters 24
described above, wherein the voltage between the first phase 106
and the second phase 108 is monitored, or the voltage between
either phase 106, 108 and the neutral line 110 is monitored. The
first set of surge arresters 112 may include two surge arresters
112a, 112b. The surge arresters 112a, 112b may provide a low
impedance path to the neutral line 110 if the voltage between the
first phase 106 and the second phase 108 exceeds a rated value, or
if the voltage between either phase 106, 108 and the neutral line
110 exceeds a rated value.
[0031] Like the surge arresters 24a, 24b discussed above, the surge
arresters 112a, 112b may have an electric current rating which may
be used to determine the number of surge arresters 112a, 112b, etc.
included in the first set of surge arresters 112. For example, if
the surge arresters 112a, 112b has a current rating of 10 A and the
total amount of current drawn by the load 104 is 50 A, then the
first set of surge arresters 112 may include five surge arresters
112a, 112b, etc.
[0032] The surge arrester 112a includes a first port 134a coupled
to the first phase 106, a second port 134b coupled to the second
phase 108, and a ground port 134c coupled to the neutral line 110.
The surge arrester 112b includes a first port 134d coupled to the
first phase 106, a second port 134e coupled to the second phase
108, and a ground port 134f coupled to the neutral line 110.
[0033] In various embodiments, the system 100 may further include a
second set of surge arresters 118, including surge arresters 118a,
118b, that are substantially similar to the surge arresters 112.
The surge arrester 116a includes a first port 136a coupled to the
second phase 108, a second port 136b coupled to the first phase
106, and a ground port 136c coupled to the neutral line 110. The
surge arrester 118b includes a first port 136d coupled to the
second phase 108, a second port 136e coupled to the first phase
106, and a ground port 136f coupled to the neutral line 110.
[0034] The single-phase surge suppressor 114 may include surge
suppressors, surge protectors, surge arresters, combinations
thereof, and the like. The single-phase surge suppressor 114 may be
a generally passive element and may include such components as
metal-oxide varistors or the like. The single-phase surge
suppressor 114 may include a first port 120, a second port 122, and
a ground port 124. The single-phase surge suppressor 114 may
provide a low impedance to the ground port 124 if the voltage
between the first port 120 and the second port 122 exceeds a rated
value, or if the voltage between either port 120, 122 and the
ground port 124 exceeds a rated value. The single-phase surge
suppressor 114 may be oriented in the system 100 such that the
first port 120 is coupled to the first phase 106, the second port
122 is coupled to the second phase 108, and the ground port 124 is
coupled to the neutral line 110.
[0035] The plurality of capacitors 116 generally provides a
substantially similar function to the plurality of capacitors 32
above, wherein the capacitors 126, 132 maintain the voltage level
between the first phase 106 and the second phase 108 and may
provide power factor correction of the electric power supply 102.
The plurality of capacitors 116 may include at least a first
capacitor 126, which, like the first capacitor 50, includes a first
terminal 128a and a second terminal 128b. The first terminal 128a
may be coupled to the first phase 106, and the second terminal 128b
may be coupled to the second phase 108. In various embodiments, the
plurality of capacitors 116 may also include a second capacitor
132, with a first terminal 130a coupled to the second phase 108 and
a second terminal 130b coupled to the first phase 106.
[0036] The applicant believes that the systems 10, 100: elevate and
stabilize voltage from the electric power supply 14, 102; reduce
electric power supply 14, 102 line voltage drops when the demand
from the load 12, 104 increases; balance the voltage between the
phases 16, 18, 20, 106, 108; reduce reactive energy loss; reduce
demand loads and spikes on an electric power grid to which the
systems 10, 100 may be connected; reduce the total demand on the
electric power grid to which the systems 10, 100 may be connected;
balance line harmonics between the phases 16, 18, 20, 106, 108;
reduce low voltage problems; reduce vibration, heating, and noise
of components included in the load 12, 104; allow a greater number
of users for a single trunk line; and reduce voltage spikes up to
50,000 Volts.
[0037] To illustrate the performance of the system 100, applicant
implemented the system 100 at a residence and measured various
power parameters both with the system 100 operating and with the
system 100 not operating. The results of the measurement are shown
in FIG. 3. With the system 100 implemented between the electric
power supply 102 and the load 104, the real power, the apparent
power, the reactive power, and the power factor were measured in
the vicinity of the system 100 at regular intervals on a particular
day. A first plot 300 shows the real power measured in kiloWatts
(kW) vs. the time of day (in military time). A second plot 302
shows the apparent power measured in kiloVoltAmps (kVA) vs. time of
day. A third plot 304 shows the reactive power measured in
kiloVoltAmps Reactive (kVAR) vs. time of day. A fourth plot 306
shows the power factor (in a range from approximately zero to
approximately one) vs. time of day.
[0038] As seen in FIG. 3, from the time of approximately 13:00
until approximately 14:30, the system 100 was in operation. The
magnitudes of the real power and the apparent power reflected the
activity of various loads 104. The reactive power averaged
approximately 0 kVAR and the power factor averaged approximately 1.
At around 14:30, the system 100 was decoupled from the electric
power supply 102 and the load 104. The magnitudes of the real power
and the apparent power increased. The magnitude of the reactive
power increased in the negative direction, and the power factor
averaged at a value less than 1. Thus, with the system 100 not
implemented between the electric power supply 102 and the load 104,
the load 104 consumed greater real power, apparent power, and
reactive power. Furthermore, the power factor reduced to less than
1.
[0039] Although the invention has been described with reference to
the embodiments illustrated in the attached drawing figures, it is
noted that equivalents may be employed and substitutions made
herein without departing from the scope of the invention as recited
in the claims.
* * * * *