U.S. patent application number 14/484805 was filed with the patent office on 2015-02-26 for ground mounted solar module integration system.
The applicant listed for this patent is PanelClaw, Inc.. Invention is credited to David P. Anderson, Mark Charles Gies, Daniel P. Leary.
Application Number | 20150052834 14/484805 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 44515009 |
Filed Date | 2015-02-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150052834 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Gies; Mark Charles ; et
al. |
February 26, 2015 |
GROUND MOUNTED SOLAR MODULE INTEGRATION SYSTEM
Abstract
Embodiments of the present inventions are directed to systems,
devices for use with systems, and method of mounting and retaining
solar panels. A solar module mounting system may include: a support
mechanism including a support post pivotably attached to a support
base, and an attachment module for attaching a solar panel to the
support mechanism.
Inventors: |
Gies; Mark Charles;
(Sudbury, MA) ; Anderson; David P.; (Wellesley,
MA) ; Leary; Daniel P.; (North Andover, MA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
PanelClaw, Inc. |
North Andover |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
44515009 |
Appl. No.: |
14/484805 |
Filed: |
September 12, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12846259 |
Jul 29, 2010 |
8832938 |
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14484805 |
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12056791 |
Mar 27, 2008 |
8748733 |
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12846259 |
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61229622 |
Jul 29, 2009 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/173.3 ;
52/741.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24S 2025/02 20180501;
F24S 25/65 20180501; H02S 20/10 20141201; F24S 25/634 20180501;
Y02B 10/20 20130101; F24S 25/617 20180501; Y10T 29/49355 20150115;
F24S 25/16 20180501; F24S 25/30 20180501; F24S 25/61 20180501; F24S
25/70 20180501; H02S 20/30 20141201; Y02E 10/47 20130101; Y02E
10/50 20130101; F24S 25/10 20180501; F24S 2025/014 20180501 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/173.3 ;
52/741.1 |
International
Class: |
F24J 2/52 20060101
F24J002/52 |
Claims
1. A solar panel module mounting system comprising: a support base;
a support post; a pivot coupling the support post to the support
base; and a support frame coupled to the support post to support a
solar panel module above a surface, the support frame comprising: a
first elongated member coupled at a right angle to the support post
and extending from a front end to a rear end of the support frame;
and a first facility for adjusting a height of the first elongated
member relative to the support base to a selected one of a
plurality of heights.
2. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 1, further
comprising a second elongated member extending at an angle to the
first elongated member from the front end to the rear end of the
support frame.
3. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 2, further
comprising a second facility for adjusting the angle of the second
elongated member to the first elongated member to a selected one of
a plurality of angles.
4. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 2, wherein an
angular orientation of the first elongated member relative to the
second elongated member is adjusted to compensate for a variation
in a slope of the surface underlying the solar panel module
mounting system.
5. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 1, wherein the
pivot is configured to allow the support post to pivot about at
least two transverse axes.
6. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 5, wherein the
pivot is configured to allow the support post to pivot at a range
angles from about 0 to at least about 5 degrees from perpendicular
to the support base.
7. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 5, wherein the
pivot is configured to allow the support post to pivot at a range
angles from 0 to at least about 10 degrees from perpendicular to
the support base.
8. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 5, wherein the
pivot is configured to allow the support post to pivot at a range
angles from 0 to at least about 30 degrees from normal to the
support base.
9. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 5, wherein the
support base comprises a base pan for receiving and bearing the
weight of a ballast, the base pan configured and arranged to
receive the ballast in a position such that the ballast does not
interfere with a pivoting motion of the support post.
10. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 1, wherein the
front end of the first elongated member comprises a third facility
for attachment to an adjacent solar panel module mounting system
component.
11. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 10, wherein the
third facility for attachment of the first elongated member to an
adjacent second solar panel module mounting system component is
configured to allow adjustment of at least one of an attachment
angle and a spacing between the component and the adjacent second
solar panel module mounting system component.
12. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 1, wherein,
when deployed on a surface, substantially no portion of the solar
panel module mounting system extends through the surface.
13. The solar panel module mounting system of claim 1, further
comprising one or more nails extending through the solar panel
module mounting system and the surface to secure the solar panel
module mounting system to the surface.
14. A method of installing a solar panel array, the method
comprising: obtaining a first support mechanism comprising: a
support post pivotably attached to a support base and multiple
attachment points on the support post configured for attaching a
solar panel at different heights above the support base; a support
frame coupled to the support post, the support frame comprising a
first elongated member coupled to the support post and extending
from a front end to a rear end along a direction substantially
perpendicular to the support post, and a first facility for
adjusting the height of the first elongated member relative to the
support base to a selected one of a plurality of heights; selecting
an angular orientation of the support post with respect to the
support base; setting the selected angular orientation of the
support post; selecting a height of the first elongated member
relative to the support base; setting the height of the first
elongated member relative to the support base to the selected
height; selecting one of the multiple attachment points at a
selected height on the first support mechanism for attaching a
first solar panel; and attaching the first solar panel to the first
support mechanism at the selected height using the selected one of
the multiple attachment points.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first support mechanism
further comprises a second elongated member extending at an angle
to the first elongated member between a front end of the second
elongated member coupled to the front end of the first elongated
member and a rear end of the second elongated member, the second
elongated member including a second facility adapted to receive an
attachment module to couple the first solar panel to the support
frame.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: selecting a
mounting angle of the first solar panel; setting the angle of the
second elongated member relative to the first elongated member to
correspond to the mounting angle of the first solar panel.
17. The method of claim 14, further comprising selecting the
angular orientation of the support post to compensate for a local
undulation in a surface on which the first support mechanism is
located.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising selecting the height
on the first support mechanism for attaching the to compensate for
the local undulation in the surface on which the first support
mechanism is located.
19. The method of claim 14, wherein attaching the first panel to
the first support mechanism comprises: coupling an attachment
module to the first solar panel; and coupling the attachment module
to the first support mechanism.
20. The method of claim 14, further comprising: attaching a second
solar panel to the first support mechanism by coupling an
attachment module to the second solar panel; and coupling the
attachment module to the first support mechanism.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The current application is a continuation of and claims
priority to and the benefit of U.S. Non-Provisional Patent
application Ser. No. 12/846,259 filed Jul. 29, 2010, the entire
contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to systems,
devices for use with systems, and methods of mounting and retaining
solar panels.
[0003] Solar (e.g., photovoltaic) panels are often manufactured in
the form of flat rigid structures. To facilitate the performance of
the function of generating electricity, solar panels may be mounted
in an area exposed to the sun or other source of light. Often, it
is desirable to mount solar panels outdoors at an angle from the
horizontal so that they will more directly face the sun during peak
daylight hours as opposed to panels mounted flat on the ground. In
some applications, it may be desirable to mount a number of solar
panels together in an array in order to combine the power
generation capabilities of the individual panels. In many
instances, it may be desirable that mounting systems for solar
panel arrays retain the solar panels in place. This may be
accomplished by attaching the solar panels to one another in a
mounting system and/or by mounting the panels to the mounting
system.
[0004] For example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
2007/0133474 to Mascolo et al. describes a supported solar panel
assembly including a solar panel module comprising a solar panel
and solar panel module supports including module supports having
support surfaces supporting the module, a module registration
member engaging the solar panel module to position the solar panel
module on the module support, and a mounting element. U.S. Pat. No.
6,534,703 to Dinwoodie describes a solar panel assembly for use on
a support surface comprising a base, a solar panel module, a
multi-position module support assembly, and a deflector.
SUMMARY
[0005] Devices, systems, and techniques are disclosed for mounting
and retaining solar panels. In some embodiments, solar panels are
mounted in arrays on the ground, e.g. in an open field. In some
embodiments, the ground includes local surface undulations, and the
array of solar panels may be constructed to compensate for these
undulations.
[0006] In one aspect, a method is disclosed for installing a solar
panel array, the method including acts of: providing a support
mechanism including a support post pivotably attached to a support
base; selecting an angular orientation of the support post with
respect to the support base; setting the selecting an angular
orientation of the support post; providing a solar panel; selecting
a height on the support mechanism for attaching the panel; and
attaching the panel at the selected height.
[0007] In another aspect, an apparatus for mounting solar panels is
disclosed including: a support mechanism including a support post
pivotably attached to a support base and an attachment module for
attaching the solar panel to the support mechanism.
[0008] In one aspect, a method is disclosed of installing a solar
panel array, the method including the steps of: obtaining a first
support mechanism including a support post pivotably attached to a
support base; selecting an angular orientation of the support post
with respect to the support base; setting the selected an angular
orientation of the support post; obtaining a first solar panel;
selecting a height on the first support mechanism for attaching the
first panel; and attaching the first panel to the first support
mechanism at the selected height.
[0009] In some embodiments, the angular orientation of the support
post is selected to compensate for a local undulation in a surface
on which the first support mechanism is located.
[0010] In some embodiments, the height on the first support
mechanism for attaching the panel is selected to compensate for the
local undulation in the surface on which the first support
mechanism is located.
[0011] In some embodiments, attaching the first panel to the first
support mechanism includes coupling an attachment module to the
first solar panel; and after coupling the attachment module to the
first solar panel, coupling the attachment module to the first
support mechanism.
[0012] In some embodiments, the first support mechanism includes a
support frame coupled to the support post. The support frame
includes: a first elongated member coupled to the support post and
extending from a front end to a rear end along a direction
substantially perpendicular to the support post; a second elongated
member extending at an angle to the first elongated member between
a front end coupled to the front end of the first elongated member
and a rear end, the second elongated member include at least one
facility adapted to receive the attachment module to couple the
solar panel to the support frame; and a facility for adjusting the
height of the first elongated member relative to the support base
to a selected one of a plurality of heights. The method further
including the steps of: selecting a height of the first elongated
member relative to the support base; setting the height of the
first elongated member relative to the support base to the selected
height; and coupling the attachment module to the second elongated
member.
[0013] In some embodiments, the support frame includes a facility
for adjusting the angle of the second elongated member to the first
elongated member to a selected one of a plurality of angles. In
some embodiments, the method includes: selecting a mounting angle
of the solar panel; setting the angle of the second elongated
member to the first elongated member to correspond to the mounting
angle of the solar panel;
[0014] Some embodiments include: obtaining a second solar panel;
attaching the second solar panel to the first support mechanism by
coupling an attachment module to the second solar panel; and, after
coupling the attachment module to the second solar panel, coupling
the attachment module to the first support mechanism.
[0015] Some embodiments include: obtaining a second support
mechanism, the second support mechanism including: a support post
pivotably attached to a support base; and a support frame coupled
to the support post. The support frame includes a first elongated
member coupled the support post and extending from a front end to a
rear end along a direction substantially perpendicular to the
support post; and a second elongated member extending at an angle
to the first elongated member between a front end coupled to the
front end of the first elongated member and a rear end, the second
elongated member include at least one facility adapted to receive a
second attachment module to couple the solar panel to the support
frame. In some embodiments, the method includes, for the second
support mechanism: selecting an angular orientation of the support
post with respect to the support base and selecting a height on the
first support mechanism for attaching the first panel, where at
least one of the angular orientation of the support post and the
height on the first support mechanism for attaching the first panel
is selected to compensate for a local undulation in a surface on
which the second support mechanism is located; setting the selected
angular orientation of the support post; and attaching the first
panel to the second support mechanism at the selected height.
[0016] Some embodiments include: obtaining a second support
mechanism, the second support mechanism including: a support post
pivotably attached to a support base; and a support frame coupled
to the support post, the support frame including: a first elongated
member coupled to the support post and extending from a front end
to a rear end along a direction substantially perpendicular to the
support post; and a second elongated member extending at an angle
to the first elongated member between a front end coupled to the
front end of the first elongated member and a rear end, the second
elongated member include at least one facility adapted to receive a
second attachment module to couple the solar panel to the support
frame. In some embodiments, the method includes attaching the front
end of the first elongated member of the first support mechanism to
the rear end of the first elongated member of the second support
mechanism.
[0017] In some embodiments, the front end of the first elongated
member of the first support mechanism and the rear end of the first
elongated member of the second support mechanism are attached using
a facility which allows for the relative position and angular
orientation of the elongated members to be adjusted. Some
embodiments include selecting and setting the relative position and
angular orientation of the attached elongated members.
[0018] In some embodiments, the relative position or angular
orientation of the attached elongated members is adjusted to
compensate for a variation in change in a slope of the surface
underlying the first and second support mechanisms.
[0019] In another aspect, a method is disclosed of installing a
solar panel array, the method including the steps of: obtaining a
first plurality of solar panels; placing a first plurality of
support mechanisms, each including a support post pivotably
attached to a support base, on a first region of a surface, the
first region having a generally flat portion and localized
undulations.
[0020] In some embodiments, the method includes, for each
respective support mechanism in the first plurality: Selecting an
angular orientation of the support post with respect to the support
base; setting the selected an angular orientation of the support
post; selecting an attachment height on the first support mechanism
for attaching the first panel; and attaching at least one
respective solar panel to the respective support mechanism at the
selected height. In some embodiments, the selected angular
orientations and the attachment heights are selected to compensate
for the local undulations in the first region such that each of the
first plurality of panels are positioned with substantially the
same orientation relative to the generally flat portion of the
surface in the first region.
[0021] In some embodiments, the orientation relative to the
generally flat portion of the surface in the first region includes
a height of the respective panel relative to the generally flat
portion of the surface in the first region.
[0022] In some embodiments, the panels in the first plurality of
panels are each attached to a respective support mechanism while
the support mechanism is unattached to any other support
mechanisms.
[0023] Some embodiments include attaching each support mechanism in
the first plurality of support mechanisms to at least one other
support mechanism in the first plurality of support mechanisms.
[0024] Some embodiments include attaching cross bracing between at
least two adjacent support mechanisms in the first plurality of
support mechanisms.
[0025] In some embodiments, the support mechanisms in the first
plurality are substantially identical.
[0026] Some embodiments include: obtaining a second plurality of
solar panels; placing a second plurality of support mechanisms,
each including a support post pivotably attached to a support base,
on a second region of the surface, the first region having a
generally flat portion and localized undulations, the second region
being adjacent to the first region and having a general slope which
differs from a general slope of the first region. Some embodiments
include, for each respective support mechanism in the second
plurality: selecting an angular orientation of the support post
with respect to the support base; setting the selecting an angular
orientation of the support post; selecting an attachment height on
the first support mechanism for attaching the first panel; and
attaching at least one respective solar panel from the second
plurality of solar panels to the respective support mechanism at
the selected height, where the angular orientations and the
attachment heights are selected to compensate for the local
undulations in the second region such that each of the second
plurality of panels a are positioned with substantially the same
orientation relative to the generally flat portion of the surface
in the second region.
[0027] Some embodiments include attaching at least one of the
support mechanisms of the first plurality with at least one support
mechanisms in the second plurality.
[0028] In some embodiments, for each support mechanisms of the
first plurality which is attached to a support mechanism in the
second plurality: the support mechanism includes an attachment
facility allows for the relative angular orientation of the support
members to be adjusted to one of a plurality of orientations. In
some embodiments, the method includes attaching the support
mechanism includes using the facility to set the relative angular
orientation to compensate for the difference in the slopes of the
first and second regions.
[0029] In some embodiments, the support mechanisms of the first and
second pluralities of support mechanisms are substantially
identical.
[0030] In some embodiments, substantially no portion of each of the
support mechanisms in the first plurality is located below the
surface.
[0031] Some embodiments include driving one or more nails through
the at least one of the support mechanisms and the surface to
secure the support mechanism to the surface.
[0032] In another aspect, a solar panel module mounting system
component is disclosed including: support base; a support post; a
pivot pivotably coupling the support post to the support base; and
a support frame coupled to the support post and including a
facility for attaching a solar panel module.
[0033] Some embodiments include one or more attachment modules
adapted to couple to the solar panel module and to couple to the
solar panel module at a selected height and orientation relative to
the support base.
[0034] In some embodiments, the support frame includes: a first
elongated member coupled at a substantially right angle to the
support post and extending from a front end to a rear end; a second
elongated member extending at an angle to the first elongated
member from a front end coupled to the front end of the horizontal
member and a rear end, and including the facility for attaching a
solar panel module; and a facility for adjusting the height of the
first elongated member relative to the support base to a selected
one of a plurality of heights.
[0035] Some embodiments include a facility for adjusting the angle
of the second elongated member to the first elongated member to a
selected one of a plurality of angles.
[0036] In some embodiments, the pivot is configured to allow the
support post to pivot about at least two transverse axes. In some
embodiments, the pivot is configured to allow the support post to
pivot over at range angles from about 0 to at least about 5 degrees
from normal to the support base. In some embodiments, the pivot is
configured to allow the support post to pivot over at range angles
from 0 to at least 10 degrees from normal to the support base. In
some embodiments, the pivot is configured to allow the support post
to pivot over at range angles from 0 to at least 30 degrees from
normal to the support base.
[0037] In some embodiments, the support base includes a base pan
for receiving and bearing the weight of a ballast, the base pan
configured and arranged to receive the ballast in a position such
that the ballast does not interfere with a pivoting motion of the
support post.
[0038] In some embodiments, the front end of the first elongated
member includes a facility for attachment to an adjacent solar
panel module mounting system component.
[0039] In some embodiments, the facility for attachment of the
first elongated member to an adjacent second solar panel module
mounting system component is configured to allow adjustment of at
least one of the attachment angle and the spacing between the
component and the adjacent second solar panel module mounting
system component.
[0040] Some embodiments consist or consist essentially of the
support base; the support post; the pivot; the support frame, the
one or more attachment modules, and attachment hardware.
[0041] Some embodiments consist or consist essentially of the
support base; the support post; the pivot; the support frame, the
one or more attachment modules, one or more cross bracing members
adapted to extend from the component to an adjacent support
component, and attachment hardware. In some embodiments, the
attachment hardware consists essentially of nuts, bolts, and
screws.
[0042] In some embodiments, the support base, pivot, and support
post includes a first integral unit; the support frame includes a
second integral unit; and the attachment module includes a third
integral unit.
[0043] In some embodiments, the support base, pivot, and support
post and the support frame include a first integral unit; and the
attachment module includes a third integral unit.
[0044] In some embodiments, when the component deployed on a
surface (e.g., the ground), substantially no portion of the
component extends through the surface.
[0045] In another aspect, a solar panel module mounting system is
disclosed including: a first plurality of support mechanisms
configured to receive a first plurality of solar panel modules,
positioned on a first region of a surface (e.g., the ground), the
first region having a generally flat portion and localized
undulations, and each support mechanism including: a support base;
a support post; a pivot pivotably coupling the support post to the
support base allowing the support post to pivot to selected one of
a plurality of angular orientations relative to the support base;
and a support frame coupled to the support post at a selected one
of a plurality of attachment heights relative to the support base,
and including a facility for attaching a solar panel module. In
some embodiments, for each of the plurality of support mechanisms,
the respective selected angular orientation and attachment height
compensates for the localized undulations such that each of the
first plurality of solar panel modules is positioned with a
substantially uniform height above the generally flat portion of
the first region.
[0046] In some embodiments, each support mechanism is directly
coupled to at least one other support mechanism.
[0047] In some embodiments, each solar panel module extends between
and is supported by a pair of support mechanisms.
[0048] In some embodiments, the support mechanisms are
substantially identical.
[0049] In some embodiments, each support mechanism includes a
fixture configured to allow coupling between the support mechanism
and another support mechanism and adapted to allow coupling at a
selected one of a plurality of relative positions of the coupled
mechanisms.
[0050] Some embodiments include a second plurality of support
mechanisms configured to receive a second plurality of solar panel
modules, positioned on a second region of a surface, the second
region having a generally flat portion with a slope differing from
a slope of the generally flat portion of the first region and
localized undulations. In some embodiments, each support mechanism
of the second plurality includes: a support base; a support post; a
pivot pivotably coupling the support post to the support base
allowing the support post to pivot to selected one of a plurality
of angular orientations relative to the support base; and a support
frame coupled to the support post at a selected one of a plurality
of attachment heights relative to the support base, and including a
facility for attaching a solar panel module. In some embodiments,
for each of the second plurality of support mechanisms, the
respective selected angular orientation and height compensates for
the localized undulations such that each of the second plurality of
solar panel modules is positioned with a substantially uniform
height above the generally flat portion of the second region.
[0051] In some embodiments, for each support mechanisms of the
first plurality which is attached to a support mechanism in the
second plurality: the support mechanism includes an attachment
facility allowing for the relative angular orientation of the
support members to be adjusted to one of a plurality of
orientations. In some embodiments, the method includes attaching
the support mechanisms includes using the facility to set the
relative angular orientation to compensate for the difference in
the slopes of the first and second regions.
[0052] In some embodiments, the support mechanisms of the first and
second pluralities of support mechanisms are substantially
identical.
[0053] In some embodiments, substantially no portion of each
support mechanisms of the first and second pluralities is located
below the surface.
[0054] Some embodiments include one or more nails extending through
the at least one of the support mechanisms and the surface to
secure the support mechanism to the surface.
[0055] Various embodiments may feature any of the steps, features,
and elements described above, alone, or in any suitable
combination.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0056] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to
scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical
component that is illustrated in various figures is represented by
a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be
labeled in every drawing. In the drawings:
[0057] FIG. 1 is an array of solar panel modules;
[0058] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a support base;
[0059] FIG. 2B is a perspective view of a support base with
ballast;
[0060] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a support frame;
[0061] FIG. 4A is perspective view of a support frame mounted on a
support base;
[0062] FIG. 4B is a side view of the support frame mounted on a
support base of FIG. 4A;
[0063] FIG. 5 is an attachment module of a solar module mounting
system;
[0064] FIG. 6A is a perspective view of the top side of a solar
panel module illustrating attachment modules mounted on the solar
panel module;
[0065] FIG. 6B is a view from the rear underside of a solar panel
module illustrating attachment modules mounted on the solar panel
module;
[0066] FIG. 6C is a view from underneath a solar panel module
illustrating attachment modules mounted on the solar panel module
according to an aspect of the present inventions;
[0067] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a solar panel module mounted
to a support frame and support base;
[0068] FIG. 8 is a rear perspective view of an array of solar panel
modules featuring cross bracing;
[0069] FIG. 8A is a rear perspective view of an array of solar
panel modules featuring cross bracing;
[0070] FIG. 9 is a rear perspective view of an array of solar panel
modules deployed on undulating ground;
[0071] FIG. 9A is a side perspective view of an array of solar
panel modules deployed on undulating ground having regions with
differing slope;
[0072] FIGS. 10A-10D are perspective views of attachment modules of
a solar panel module mounting system;
[0073] FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method of forming an array of
solar panel modules;
[0074] FIG. 12A is a perspective view of an attachment module of a
solar module mounting system;
[0075] FIG. 12B is a perspective view of an attachment module of a
solar module mounting system attached to a solar panel module.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0076] The embodiments described herein are not limited to the
details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth
in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The
embodiments are capable of other embodiments and of being practiced
or of being carried out in various ways. Also, the phraseology and
terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and
should not be regarded as limiting. The use of "including,"
"comprising," or "having," "containing," "involving," and
variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the items listed
thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. The
description of one aspect of the embodiments disclosed herein is
not intended to be limiting with respect to other aspects of the
present embodiments.
[0077] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a section of an array of
solar panel modules 100 that may be deployed on a mounting surface,
for example, an area of open ground such as a field. Aspects of the
present embodiments may be applied to other mounting surfaces, such
as roof structures.
[0078] The array 100 in this example includes a plurality of solar
panel modules 110. In some embodiments, solar panel module 110 is a
packaged interconnected assembly of solar cells, e.g., photovoltaic
cells. In some embodiments, the solar panel module may be used as a
component in a larger photovoltaic system to offer electricity for
commercial and residential applications.
[0079] The solar panel modules 110 are illustrated in FIG. 1 as
being mounted at an angle from the horizontal, but in some
embodiments, the solar panel modules may be mounted at angles other
than that illustrated in FIG. 1 or even horizontally. The solar
panel modules 110 may in some embodiments be mounted at different
angles throughout the array 100 and uniformly in others such as the
one shown in FIG. 1. The solar panel modules 110 are shown in FIG.
1 facing away from what will be described herein as the Top side of
array 100. What is described as the Top side may correspond to
geographical North position of the array. As shown here, the Top
side may be positioned approximately to the North so that the
tilted faces of the panel modules are directed generally toward the
South, e.g., tilted to more squarely face the direction of the sun
for an installation north of the equator. In some embodiments,
deflector elements (not shown) may be mounted facing the lateral
sides (i.e., the sides perpendicular to the Top side) at the edges
of the array, or in other positions on the array to deflect wind
currents.
[0080] Solar panel modules 110 in this example are mounted on
support frames 120 which are in turn mounted on support bases 130
(sometimes referred to, collectively, as a support mechanism). A
support frame is a support structure that may be used to support at
least a portion of a solar panel; in this example, each support
frame 120 is used to support a side of a solar panel module 110. A
support base is a support structure which contacts the ground and
supports one or more support frames 120. Examples of support frame
120 and support base 130 are described more fully below.
[0081] Note that although a 2.times.2 array is shown, arrays
featuring any other number of solar panel modules 100 arranged in
any number of rows and columns may be used. In some embodiments the
array is formed with many panels over a large area e.g. and acre,
several acres, or more.
[0082] Note also that while support frame 120 and support base 130
are shown as separate components, but, in some embodiments, they
may be integrated in a single unit.
[0083] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a support base 130. The
support base includes a support post 131 connected to a base pan
132. As shown, support post 131 is connected to base pan 132 with a
pivot 133. The pivot 133 allows the angle of the support post 131
relative to base pan 132 to be adjusted. Pivot 133 includes two
pivot bolts 134a and 134b, allowing post 131 to pivot in two
transverse directions. Accordingly, support post 131 may be
positioned at a variety of angles. For example, in some
embodiments, support post 131 may be positioned at any selected
angle in a range less than 30 degrees from normal to base pan 132.
Other embodiments may have greater or lesser angular ranges, e.g.
angles less than 20 degrees from normal, less than 10 degrees from
normal, less than 5 degrees from normal, etc. In various
embodiments, any other suitable type of pivot known in the art may
be used, including, e.g., a ball and socket joint, a saddle joint,
a ball bearing, etc.
[0084] The angle of support post 131 may be selected to compensate
for local undulations in the ground on which base pan 132 sits. For
example, if the ground under base pan 132 had a local tilt of 20
degrees along a given direction, the angle of support post 131
could be adjusted to 20 degrees in the opposite direction, thereby
compensating for the local tilt. Once the angle of support post 131
is chosen, pivot bolts 134a and 134b may be tightened to prevent
further pivoting thereby setting the angle in place.
[0085] Support post 131 includes an attachment mechanism (sometimes
referred to as a facility), which in this example is support host
bolt hole 135, which may be used to attach post 131 to support
frame 120. As described in greater detail below, support post 131
may be attached to support frame 120 at a variety of heights,
providing further flexibility to compensate for local undulations
in the ground on which base pan 132 sits.
[0086] As shown in FIG. 2B, ballast 136 may be placed on support
pan 132 to provide support base 130 with mass that may assist in
keeping array 100 securely in place. In some embodiments, ballast
136 may comprise standard size concrete blocks, such as, for
example, blocks with dimensions of 8 inches wide.times.8 inches
tall.times.16 inches long, which may be available at numerous home
improvement and/or building supply stores.
[0087] Where the base pans 132 are designed to permit use with
standard sized, commercially available blocks, the need to ship
heavy ballast elements along with other elements of the system may
be reduced (although one could ship the ballast elements or design
ballast element specifically for use with base pans 132). A
purchaser/installer of the system could purchase or construct the
ballast blocks locally.
[0088] For example, ballast 136 may include concrete blocks made at
or near the site where array 100 is to be positioned. Ballast 136
in some embodiments may be made from any concrete mix that is
intended to withstand the elements for an appropriate period of
time, such as cement intended for outdoor applications and having
an intended life span of 30+ years. Ballast 136 may in some
embodiments be made using a Portland Type III concrete with air
entrainment of about 5%. This concrete is a high early strength,
normal weight concrete with a fully cured strength of 5,000 psi,
and is available from Precast Specialties Inc. of Abington, Mass.
Alternatively, ballast 136 may be formed from materials such as,
for example, rocks, metal, natural or recycled rubber, or
Quazite.RTM., a polymer concrete available from Hubbell Lenoir
City, Inc. of Lenoir City, Tenn., or other materials.
[0089] Although two similarly size ballast elements 136 are
illustrated in FIG. 2B, it is to be understood that alternate
embodiments may include, for example, left and right and/or front
and back ballast elements having different configurations, multiple
ballast elements positioned in any suitable configuration, or a
single ballast element. If more than two ballast elements are
utilized (e.g. as shown in FIG. 8A), these ballast elements may
comprise, for example, standard sized building materials,
including, for example, standard sized bricks with dimensions of
35/8 inches wide.times.21/4inches high.times.8 inches long. Other
embodiments feature bricks with a of nominal size of
8''.times.8''.times.16'', although other size blocks may be used.
This is a nominal size, typically the true dimensions are smaller
in each direction by 1/8-1/4''. Any other dimensions may be used.
If more than two ballast elements are used, they may be mounted on
base pan 132 in a stacked or a side-by-side configuration, or
both.
[0090] As shown, ballast 136 is placed on base pan 132. In some
embodiments ballast 136 may be attached or affixed to base pan 132
using any suitable means including fasteners, adhesives, hook and
loop materials, etc. Base pan 132 may include a textured surface or
retaining features to help maintain the placement of ballast
136.
[0091] Additionally, or as an alternative to ballast 136, one or
more nails (e.g., 12 inch long nails) may be driven through base
pan 132 into the ground below to secure the support base 136. In
some embodiments, base pan 132 may include one or more holes,
slots, etc. (not shown) to receive the nails and allow the nails to
pass through the base pan 132 into the ground.
[0092] In some embodiments, support base 130 or any component
thereof may also contain one or more wire chases (not shown) that
can be used for running electrical wire through the support base
130. Such wire chases may provide integrated wire management (e.g.,
allowing the electrical interconnection of two or more solar panel
modules 110) and integrated grounding capabilities (e.g.,
accommodating one or more ground wires).
[0093] Referring to FIG. 3, support frame 120 includes a horizontal
member 125. The front end of horizontal member 125 includes a front
support frame attachment facility 126. The rear end of horizontal
member 125 includes a rear support frame attachment facility 127.
As shown in FIG. 1, the front support frame attachment facility 126
of one support frame 120 attaches to rear support frame attachment
facility 127 of another support frame 120 to form columns of
support frames 120 in array 100.
[0094] Rear support frame attachment facility 127 receives the
front support frame attachment facility 126 of an adjacent support
frame 120. This allows the horizontal members 125 of adjacent
support frames to be attached, e.g., in this example, bolted
together. The attachment facilities 126 and/or 127 may include
multiple horizontally spaced bolt holes, allowing the spacing
between support frames (and hence modules 110) to be adjusted as
desired. For example, as shown, the rear attachment facility 126
includes six horizontally spaced bolt holes, while the front
attachment facility 127 includes two horizontally spaced bolt
holes, allowing for twelve possible spacings. Further, support
frames 120 may be a pivotably connected, allowing for adjustment of
the angle at which horizontal members meet. This allows for
construction of an array 100 where the angular orientation of
modules 110 may vary row to row. Accordingly, support frames 120
allow for a great deal of flexibility in the positioning of modules
110 in array 100.
[0095] Referring again to FIG. 3, support frame 120 includes angled
member 128 which includes a facility to permit attachment of panels
to the frame. In this example, rear mounting hole 150 is provided
on the rear portion of angled member 128 and provides locations for
the attachment of attachment modules 140, described in detail
below. In some embodiments, (e.g. as shown in FIG. 7) an attachment
module 140 mounted to angled member 128 through rear mounting holes
150 may be attached to a solar panel module 110 proximate a Top
edge 210 of the solar panel module 110 that is vertically higher
than a Bottom edge 220 of the solar panel module when the solar
panel module 110 is mounted on some embodiments of certain aspects
of the present embodiments. Some embodiments include a facility
which allows for the adjustment of the angular orientation of
angled member 128 relative to horizontal member 125. In other
embodiments, support frame 120 is constructed as an integral unit,
with a fixed orientation of horizontal member 125 and angled member
128.
[0096] The Bottom edge 220 of solar panel module 110 may be
attached with another attachment module 140 to forward mounting
slots 160 on angled member 128. Multiple forward mounting slots 160
are provided to allow flexibility in mounting panel modules 110 of
various sizes. For example, FIGS. 4A and 4B show a pair of
attachment modules 140, a first one attached to mounting holes 150
and second one attached to mounting slots 160 of angled member 128.
The distance between the pair of modules 140 may be coarsely
adjusted by choosing which mounting slot 160 the second attachment
module 140 is mounted to, and more finely adjusted by slidably
adjusting the position at which the module is mounted within the
slot.
[0097] In some embodiments, edges of two solar panel modules 110
may be attached to respective sides of angled member 128 using
attachment modules 140. As shown in FIG. 1, this allows solar panel
modules 110 to be attached to form the rows of the array 100.
[0098] As shown in FIGS. 3, 4A, and 4B, support frame 120 includes
a support post attachment mechanism 121 which allows attachment of
support frame 120 to support post 131. As previously noted, this
attachment mechanism allows the height of support frame 120 above
support pan 132 to be adjusted. As shown, support post attachment
mechanism 121 includes several bolt holes spaced apart vertically.
Mechanism 121 receives support post 131 and support post 131 is
bolted to mechanism 121 with bolt 122 at a desired height using
support post bolt hole 135. Alternatively, in some embodiments,
support base 130 and support frame 120 may be constructed as an
integral unit.
[0099] In some embodiments, support frame 120 (or any component
thereof) may also contain one or more wire chases (not shown) that
can be used for running electrical wire through the support frame
120. Such wire chases may provide integrated wire management and
integrated grounding capabilities.
[0100] FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of attachment module 140.
Attachment module 140 may in some embodiments include a threaded
hole 142 and a non-threaded hole 144. In this example, attachment
module 140 may be attached to support frame 120 with an appropriate
attachment mechanism. In this example a bolt is used to attach
attachment module 140 to support frame 120. In other embodiments, a
metal pin or a clip may be used, or other attachment devices or
mechanisms as would be apparent to one of skill in the art based on
the disclosure provided herein.
[0101] Attachment module 140 may in some embodiments be made from
6061-T6 aluminum which can be anodized if desired. The attachment
module 140 can also be made from other metal or some other material
of sufficient strength. Where a conductive material is selected,
the attachment module may be used to assist in passing ground among
panels. The attachment module may be formed by machine cutting, but
can also be extruded, laser cut, or water jet cut or formed using
another suitable manufacturing method.
[0102] FIG. 6A illustrates one embodiment of attachment module 140
according to one aspect of the present embodiments, mounted
proximate the corners of solar panel module 110. In this example
the attachment modules 140 may be made of a metal such as aluminum.
In some embodiments, the attachment modules 140 may be made of a
conductive material to assist in grounding of the panel modules or
may include a grounding path.
[0103] Referring back to FIG. 4, attachment module 140 includes an
attachment mechanism which in this example is a threaded hole for a
bolt which may be used to attach the attachment modules 140 to a
solar panel module 110. The attachment module 140 may also include
second, non-threaded holes for bolts 145 that may used to attach
(or facilitate attaching) an attachment module 140 to support frame
120 (e.g. at rear mounting hole 150 or front mounting slot 160 of
angled member 128). Other attachment mechanisms may be employed
with attachment modules 140, including, for example, screws,
adhesives, clips, or solder.
[0104] Since many commercially available solar panels include a
similar edge, this particular attachment module is compatible for
use with solar panels provided by multiple suppliers. This
particular attachment module is also compatible for use with solar
panel mounting systems provided by multiple suppliers. Other
designs for compatibility with multiple suppliers may be provided
based on the disclosure provided herein and different attachment
modules may be designed for use with different solar panels but
made compatible for use with a common support frame
configuration.
[0105] Other mechanisms may be employed in other embodiments to
facilitate attachment of panel to support frame and those
embodiments may (or may not) provide flexibility in ability to vary
the height of attachment with respect to the frame by allowing
multiple attachment points or by allowing slidable adjustment, as
would be readily designed by one of skill in the art based on the
disclosure provided herein.
[0106] In one embodiment, attachment module 140 is configured to
permit it to be attached to a plurality of different panel modules
and/or panel module mounting systems available in the market.
[0107] FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate one example of how attachment modules
140 may be utilized to attach solar panel modules 110 to support
frame 120. FIG. 6B illustrates a solar panel module with three
attachment modules 140 attached and one attachment module 140
unattached. As illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6C an attachment module 140
may be attached to a solar panel module 110 by a threaded bolt 145
passing through a threaded hole in attachment module 140 to secure
attachment module 140 to an inner edge of solar panel module 110.
This provides for positioning and alignment of solar panel module
110 relative to support frame 128. Attachment modules 140 may be
attached through non-threaded holes or slots to support frame 120
by bolts passing through one of rear mounting hole 150 and forward
mounting slots 160 for a rear and a forward attachment module 140
respectively. In this manner, solar panel modules 110 may be
secured in place relative to support frame 120 and relative to one
another in a fashion compatible with a number of commercially
available solar panels. Other configurations may be designed to
permit compatibility with multiple panel types whether attaching at
this portion of the solar panel or designed for integration with
future solar panels, based on the disclosure provided herein.
[0108] FIG. 7 shows a solar panel module 110 with a first lateral
edge 230 and a second lateral edge 240 attached to first and second
support frames 120A and 120B, respectively. The assembly shown in
FIG. 7 can be considered to be a basic unit which may be repeated
as shown in FIG. 1 to form the array 100.
[0109] FIG. 8 shows a rear view of the array 100 of FIG. 1. Cross
bracing 801 provides additional support for solar panel modules
110. As shown, the cross bracing includes three bracing members
which extend horizontally between adjacent columns of support
frames 120. However, in various embodiments, any other suitable
cross bracing or mechanical support members may be used. For
example the embodiment in FIG. 8A included only two cross bracing
members extending between adjacent pairs of support frames 120a and
120b.
[0110] FIG. 9 is a rear perspective view of the array 100 deployed
on undulating ground. As shown, the ground 900 is generally flat
and level, but includes local portions 901 having deviating heights
and portion 902 which has a deviating height and tilt angle.
[0111] Array 100 has been adjusted to compensate for the undulation
in the ground, such that the height and tilt angle of panels 110 of
array 100 are fixed relative to the flat and level portion of
ground 900 across the entire array.
[0112] Three support bases 130a are a positioned on the flat level
portion or the ground. For these support bases 130a, support posts
131a are oriented normal to their respective base pans 132a and are
attached to their respective support frame 120a at equal
heights.
[0113] Two support bases 130b are positioned on portions 901 of
ground 900 which are level, but have heights which deviate from the
flat and level portion of ground 900. For these support bases 130b,
support posts 131b are also oriented normal to their respective
base pans 132b. However, they are attached to their respective
support frames 120b at heights which compensate for the local
height deviation.
[0114] One support base 130c is positioned on portion 902 of ground
900 which has both a height and a tilt angle which deviates from
the flat and level portion of ground 900. For the support base
130c, support post 131c is oriented at an angle from normal to its
respective base pan 132b, to compensate for the tilt of portion
902. Support post 131c is also attached to its respective support
frame 120b at a height which compensates for the local height
deviation of portion 902.
[0115] Other adjustments to compensate for various configurations
of undulating ground may be provided based on the disclosure
provided herein. For example, ground 900 may be generally flat and
inclined, with local undulations. In such a case, array 100 may be
adjusted to compensate for the undulation in the ground, such that
the height and tilt angle of panels 110 of array 100 are fixed
relative to the flat and inclined portion of ground 900 across the
entire array (or portions thereof).
[0116] In some cases, as shown in FIG. 9A, ground 900 may include a
first region 910 and a second region 912 which are both generally
flat with local undulations, but which are inclined at different
slopes. As shown, because support frames 120a and 120b may be
pivotally connected (as discussed in detail above), the array can
accommodate the regions of ground having varying slope. Note that
although two regions of varying slope are shown, and number may be
accommodated. Accordingly, array 100 may be easily installed over
large areas of terrain without the need for specially constructed
parts (i.e., support frames 120 in array 100 may be all identical
or substantially identical components.)
[0117] In general, the devices and techniques described herein
allow ground mounted solar panel module support arrays to be
designed and constructed with ease and flexibility. Local
undulations may be compensated for, and various suitable row and
column spacings and angular orientations may be used.
[0118] Support frame 120, support base 130 can be made from metals
(such as stainless steel, mild steel, aluminum, etc), UV resistant
plastic, fiberglass, concrete, or other materials.
[0119] In some embodiments, one or more of base pans 132 may
include a pad or sole on its underside. The sole may be made from
any suitable material, e.g. a textured material which improved the
grip of base pans 132 on the supporting surface. In cases where
base pans 132 are not placed on the ground but, e.g. on a roof
surface, material that can be considered an "inert pad" by the
roofing industry may be used. In some embodiments, the sole may be
made from recycled, non-vulcanized crumb rubber, such as that
available from Unity Creations Ltd. of Hicksville, N.Y. In other
embodiments the sole may be made from natural rubber, EPDM
(Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer--a rubber roofing material), or
another roofing material that may protect the roof or other surface
upon which array 100 may be mounted from damage. The sole may be
attached to the underside of base pan 132 using any suitable
attachment, e.g. adhesive, fasteners, etc.
[0120] FIGS. 10A-10D show alternative embodiments of attachment
module 140. Referring to FIG. 10A, attachment module 140a includes
upper member 301 and lower member 302. An inner edge of panel 110
(not shown) can be attached between the upper and lower members.
The inner edge may include a hole (e.g. a pre-formed hole provided
by the panel manufacturer). Threaded bolt 303 can pass through a
threaded bolt hole in the lower member, through the hole in the
inner edge, and into a threaded bolt hole in upper member 301.
Holes 304 in lower member 302 may be used to attach the attachment
module 140a to support frame 120, e.g. using an attachment
bolt.
[0121] Referring to FIG. 10B, attachment module 140b includes a
c-shaped member 305 and a flat angled member 306. An inner edge of
panel 110 (not shown) can be attached between the members 305 and
306. Threaded bolt 307 may pass through a threaded bolt hole in the
c-shaped member to clamp the inner edge between members 305 and
306. Slot 308 in flat angled member 306 may be used to attach the
attachment module 140a to support frame 120, e.g. using an
attachment bolt.
[0122] Referring to FIG. 10C, attachment module 140c may be used
for attachment to a panel module 110 which lacks an inner edge
along its lateral side, but includes an inner edge along its Top or
Bottom side. Attachment module 140a allows for the panels of this
type to be mounted to support frames 120 of the type shown in FIG.
1 without additional modification.
[0123] Attachment module 104c includes a c-shaped member 309 and an
extension member 310. A Top or Bottom inner edge of panel 110 (not
shown) can be attached between the c-shaped member 309, and portion
311 of attachment member 310. Threaded bolt 307 may pass through a
threaded bolt hole in the c-shaped member to clamp the inner edge
between members 305 and 306.
[0124] Attachment module 140c may be attached to panel module 110
proximal to a corner of the panel, such that portion 312 of
extension member 310 extends out past the lateral side of the panel
for mounting to support frame 120. Hole 313 in attachment member
310 may be used to attach the attachment module 140c to support
frame 120, e.g. using an attachment bolt. Note that although
exemplary dimensions are provided in the figure, any suitable
dimensions may be used.
[0125] Referring to FIG. 10D, attachment module 140d includes upper
member 301 and lower member 304. The members are connected by at
pivot 316, thereby forming "jaws" that can open and close. An inner
edge of panel 110 (not shown) can be attached between the jaws
formed by members 314 and 315. The pivoting of the jaws allows
attachment module 140d to attach to inner edges having a variety of
shapes and sizes, including irregular shapes. Thus, attachment
module 140d may be compatible with multiple types of panels, and/or
with panels of a single type which (e.g. due to manufacturing
errors) have inner edges of varying shape or size.
[0126] In cases where the inner edge includes a hole (e.g. a
pre-formed hole provided by the panel manufacturer), Threaded bolt
317 can pass through a threaded bolt hole in the lower member,
through the hole in the inner edge, and into a threaded bolt hole
in upper member 301. In cases where the inner edge does not include
a hole, threaded bolt 317 can be used to clamp the edge in place.
Holes 304 in lower member 302 may be used to attach the attachment
module 140a to support frame 120, e.g. using an attachment
bolt.
[0127] Referring to FIGS. 12A and 12B attachment module 140e
includes two facilities 601a and 601b (e.g., flanges or tabs
including one or more bolt or screw holes) which can each attach to
a support frame (e.g., each facility may be attached to adjacent
support frames in an array). Elongated member 602 extends between
facilities 601a and 601b, and includes surfaces 604 adapted to be
placed in intimate contact with flange 606 on solar panel module
110. One or more threaded or unthreaded screw or bolt holes may be
used to secure attachment module 140e to flange 606. Attachment
module 140e may include one or more apertures 608 (or other slots,
openings, etc.) to allow access to one or more features on module
110 such as a ground lug, wire connector, etc (see FIG. 12B,
inset).
[0128] Note that when attachment module 140e is used to mount solar
panel module 110 on one or more support frames 120, the elongated
member 602 operates to spread the force on the module 110 over a
relatively large area (e.g. as compared to the mounting
configuration shown in FIGS. 6A-6C, where attachment modules 140
couple to solar panel module 110 at four discrete positions),
thereby reducing potentially disadvantageous effect due to, e.g.,
bowing or bending of solar panel module 110.
[0129] Referring to FIG. 11, there is illustrated a flowchart 500
of a method of forming a solar module array of the type described
above.
[0130] In act 510, support bases 130 are positioned on the ground
(or another surface). In some embodiments, ballast may be added to
secure the bases to the ground. In some embodiments, one or more
nails (e.g., 12'' nails) or similar devices may be embedding in the
ground through support base 130 (in addition to or as an
alternative to ballast) to secure the support base to the ground.
In some embodiments support base 130 may include apertures,
openings, slots, etc. to accommodate the nails.
[0131] In act 520, the angles of support posts 131 relative to
support pans 132 are adjusted to compensate for local undulations
in the ground, and set to a desired angle. For example, as
described above, pivot 133 may be used to adjust the angle, and
pivot bolts 134a and 134b may be tightened to prevent further
pivoting thereby setting the angle in place.
[0132] In act 530, support frames 120 are attached to support posts
131 at heights selected to compensate for local undulations in the
ground. For example, as described above, support post attachment
mechanism 121 includes several bolt holes spaced apart vertically.
Mechanism 121 receives support post 131 and support post 131 is
bolted to mechanism 121 with bolt 122 at a desired height using
support post bolt hole 135.
[0133] In act 540, support frames 120 are attached to each other to
form columns of the array. As described in detail above, in some
embodiments, the support frames may be attached in such a way that
the spacing of the support frames 120 may be varied over the array
(e.g., to provide varied row to row spacings). Further, as
described in detail above, in some embodiments the some or all of
the attachment points for support frames may be pivotable, to allow
for adjustment of the angle orientation of the attached support
frames (e.g., to accommodate regions of varying slope in the
surface on which the array is located). In some embodiments, the
cross bracing is attached between support frames in adjacent
columns in the array (e.g. as shown in FIGS. 8 and 8A). In some
embodiments, cross bracing 801 may be attached loosely, and
tightened after the attachment of the solar panel modules 110 to
the support frames 120, e.g., as described in act 560 described
below.
[0134] In act 550, attachment modules 140 are attached to solar
panel modules 110.
[0135] In act 560, solar panel modules 110 are attached to support
frames 120 using the attachment modules 140. Note that, in some
embodiments, solar panel modules 110 may be attached to the support
frames 120 only after all or substantially all of the support
frames 120 are in place and attached. As described above, in some
embodiments, cross bracing 801 may be tightened after the
attachment of the solar panel modules 110.
[0136] It is to be appreciated that acts 510-560 of flowchart 500
may in some embodiments be performed in alternate orders. It is
also to be appreciated that not all acts need be performed in all
embodiments, and that in some embodiments additional or alternate
acts may be performed. Some embodiments of the installation method
described above may include further acts, including: e.g., running
wires through one or more wire chases in the array to connect solar
panel modules 110, or to provide grounding. Some embodiments may
include the act of forming ballast at or near the site on which
array is located (e.g., using cement, concrete, etc.).
[0137] Solar panel module installation systems of the type
described herein provide a number of features and advantages. In
some embodiments, the installation may be completed without the use
of heavy tools and machinery. For example, as described above, in
some embodiments, none or substantially none, of the components of
the system are embedded in the ground. Accordingly, the need for
excavation tools (e.g., post hole diggers, etc.) is avoided.
[0138] In some embodiments, the entire system may be composed of
only a few different component types. For example, in some
embodiments, the system includes only sets of support bases 130,
support frames 120, attachment modules 140 and, optionally, cross
bracing 801 and various hardware (e.g., limited to screws, nuts,
and bolts). In some embodiments, an entire array may be constructed
using only these sets of identical components. However, as
described in detail above, the installation remains highly
customizable, with the ability to adjust for surface undulations,
variations in surface slope, variation in array element spacing,
etc. Note also that the use of only a few components simplifies
manufacturing and shipping.
[0139] In various embodiments, the various devices, systems,
components, features, techniques, etc. described herein may be used
in any suitable combination.
[0140] Having thus described several aspects of at least one
embodiment of this technology, it is to be appreciated various
alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to
those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and
improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are
intended to be within the spirit and scope of the embodiments.
Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of
example only.
* * * * *