U.S. patent application number 14/523998 was filed with the patent office on 2015-02-12 for surgical stapling apparatus including releasable buttress.
The applicant listed for this patent is Covidien LP. Invention is credited to Gerald Hodgkinson.
Application Number | 20150041347 14/523998 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 47227493 |
Filed Date | 2015-02-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150041347 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hodgkinson; Gerald |
February 12, 2015 |
SURGICAL STAPLING APPARATUS INCLUDING RELEASABLE BUTTRESS
Abstract
A staple cartridge for use with a surgical stapling apparatus
includes a cartridge body, a plurality of staples disposed within
the cartridge body, a tissue contacting surface on the cartridge
body defining staple retaining slots dimensioned to releasably
retain a staple, and a buttress material including at least one
weld joining the buttress material to the tissue contacting surface
of the cartridge body. The at least one weld is positioned to at
least partially overlie a staple retaining slot.
Inventors: |
Hodgkinson; Gerald;
(Guilford, CT) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Covidien LP |
Mansfield |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
47227493 |
Appl. No.: |
14/523998 |
Filed: |
October 27, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14075087 |
Nov 8, 2013 |
8870050 |
|
|
14523998 |
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13289197 |
Nov 4, 2011 |
8584920 |
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14075087 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
206/339 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 17/115 20130101;
A61B 17/07292 20130101; A61B 17/0682 20130101; A61B 17/105
20130101; A61B 2017/07271 20130101; A61B 2017/00526 20130101; A61B
17/072 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
206/339 |
International
Class: |
A61B 17/072 20060101
A61B017/072 |
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. A staple cartridge for use with a surgical stapling apparatus,
the staple cartridge comprising: a cartridge body; a plurality of
staples disposed within the cartridge body, each staple including a
crown and at least one leg depending from the crown; a tissue
contacting surface of the cartridge body defining staple retaining
slots, each staple retaining slot having a first end and a second
end; and a buttress material secured to the cartridge body by at
least one weld joining the buttress material to the tissue
contacting surface, the at least one weld being in registration
with at least one of the first end and second end of each staple
retaining slot such that the at least one leg of the staple impacts
the at least one weld when the staple is ejected from the staple
retaining slot.
3. The staple cartridge of claim 2, wherein the staple retaining
slots include a first staple retaining slot; and the buttress
material being secured by a first weld and a second weld, the first
weld being in registration with the first end of the first staple
retaining slot, and the second weld being in registration with the
second end of the first staple retaining slot.
4. The staple cartridge of claim 3, wherein the staple includes a
pair of legs, the pair of legs impacting the first and second welds
when the staple is ejected from the first staple retaining
slot.
5. The staple cartridge of claim 2, wherein the buttress material
is secured by a plurality of welds in registration with at least
the first end and second end of each staple retaining slot of the
tissue contacting surface.
6. The staple cartridge of claim 2, wherein the buttress material
is secured by a plurality of welds in registration with at least
the first end and second end of a portion of the staple retaining
slots of the tissue contacting surface.
7. The staple cartridge of claim 6, wherein the plurality of welds
are distributed in a pattern over the tissue contacting
surface.
8. The staple cartridge of claim 2, wherein the buttress material
is porous.
9. The staple cartridge of claim 2, wherein a portion of the
buttress material is non-porous.
10. The staple cartridge of claim 2, wherein the at least one weld
is a portion of the buttress material.
11. The staple cartridge of claim 2, wherein the staple retaining
slots are arranged in an annular configuration.
12. The staple cartridge of claim 10, wherein the buttress material
is secured to the cartridge body at a plurality of welds that are
in registration with the first and second ends of the staple
retaining slots of the tissue contacting surface.
13. The staple cartridge of claim 2, wherein the tissue contacting
surface includes at least two rows of staple retaining slots.
14. The staple cartridge of claim 13, wherein the at least two rows
of staple retaining slots are positioned in one of a linear
configuration and an annular configuration.
15. A staple cartridge for use with a surgical stapling apparatus,
the staple cartridge comprising: a cartridge body having a tissue
contacting surface defining staple retaining slots, each staple
retaining slot having a first end and second end; and a buttress
material secured to the cartridge body by at least one weld joining
the buttress material to the tissue contacting surface, the at
least one weld being in registration with at least one of the first
end and the second end of each staple retaining slot.
16. The staple cartridge of claim 15, wherein the staple retaining
slots include a first staple retaining slot; and the buttress
material being secured by a first weld and a second weld, the first
weld being in registration with the first end of the first staple
retaining slot, and the second weld being in registration with the
second end of the first staple retaining slot.
17. The staple cartridge of claim 15, wherein the buttress material
is secured by a plurality of welds in registration with at least
the first end and the second end of each staple retaining slot of
the tissue contacting surface.
18. The staple cartridge of claim 16, wherein the buttress material
is secured by a plurality of welds in registration with at least
the first end and the second end of a portion of the staple
retaining slots of the tissue contacting surface.
19. The staple cartridge of claim 18, wherein the plurality of
welds are distributed in a pattern over the tissue contacting
surface.
20. The staple cartridge of claim 15, including a plurality of
staples disposed within the cartridge body, wherein at least one of
the plurality of staples impact the at least one weld when the
plurality of staples are ejected from the staple retaining
slots.
21. The staple cartridge of claim 15, wherein the buttress material
is porous.
22. The staple cartridge of claim 15, wherein a portion of the
buttress material is non-porous.
23. The staple cartridge of claim 15, wherein the staple retaining
slots are arranged in an annular configuration.
24. The staple cartridge of claim 15, wherein the tissue contacting
surface includes at least two rows of staple retaining slots.
25. The staple cartridge of claim 24, wherein the at least two rows
of staple retaining slots are positioned in one of a linear
configuration and an annular configuration.
26. The staple cartridge of claim 25, wherein the buttress material
is secured to the cartridge body at a plurality of welds that are
in registration with the first and second ends of the staple
retaining slots of the tissue contacting surface.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 14/075,087, filed Nov. 8, 2013, which is a
continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/289,197, now
U.S. Pat. No. 8,584,920, filed Nov. 4, 2011, and the disclosures of
each of the above-identified applications are hereby incorporated
by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Technical Field
[0003] The present disclosure relates to surgical stapling
apparatus including surgical buttresses which can be releasably
attached to the surgical stapling apparatus, and in particular, to
surgical stapling apparatus having surgical buttresses including at
least one weld joining the buttress to the surgical stapling
apparatus over an ejection path of a leg of a staple such that the
buttress is released upon firing of the surgical stapling
apparatus.
[0004] 2. Background of Related Art
[0005] Surgical stapling apparatus are employed by surgeons to
sequentially or simultaneously apply one or more rows of fasteners,
e.g., staples or two-part fasteners, to body tissue for the purpose
of joining segments of body tissue together. Such apparatus
generally include a pair of jaws or finger-like structures between
which the body tissue to be joined is placed. When the stapling
apparatus is actuated, or "fired", longitudinally moving firing
bars contact staple drive members in one of the jaws. The staple
drive members push the surgical staples through the body tissue and
into an anvil in the opposite jaw which forms the staples. If
tissue is to be removed or separated, a knife blade can be provided
in the jaws of the apparatus to cut the tissue between the lines of
staples.
[0006] A number of surgical stapling apparatus rely on a knife
blade cutting of some portion of the buttress to affect buttress
release. These methods typically employ a secondary material or
mounting structure in addition to the buttress material (e.g.,
sutures) to provide attachment of the buttress to the surgical
stapling apparatus. Typically, firing forces are increased with
each material that must be transected by the knife blade in order
to release the buttress.
[0007] It would be desirable to provide a buttress that may be
releasably secured to a surgical stapling apparatus without the
need for a secondary material or mounting structure, and without
the need for a knife blade to cut the buttress and/or secondary
material or mounting structure to release the buttress from the
surgical stapling apparatus, thereby resulting in the use of fewer
materials and lower firing forces.
SUMMARY
[0008] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a staple
cartridge for use with a surgical stapling apparatus includes a
cartridge body, a plurality of staples disposed within the
cartridge body, a tissue contacting surface on the cartridge body
defining staple retaining slots dimensioned to releasably retain
staples, and a buttress material including at least one weld
joining the buttress material to the tissue contacting surface. The
at least one weld is positioned to at least partially overlie a
staple retaining slot.
[0009] In embodiments, the at least one weld is dimensioned to
extend at least partially over an ejection path of a leg of staple
disposed in the staple retaining slot.
[0010] The buttress material may include a plurality of welds
positioned at least partially over the staple retaining slots of
the tissue contacting surface. In embodiments, the buttress
material includes a plurality of welds positioned at least
partially over a portion of all of the staple retaining slots of
the tissue contacting surface. The plurality of welds may be
distributed in a pattern over the tissue contacting surface.
[0011] The buttress material may be porous, non-porous, or
combinations thereof. In embodiments, the buttress material is
porous. In other embodiments, a portion of the buttress material,
including the at least one weld, is non-porous.
[0012] The staple retaining slots may linearly extend along a
length of the tissue contacting surface. Alternatively, the staple
retaining slots may be in an annular or curved configuration. In
embodiments, the tissue contacting surface includes at least two
rows of staple retaining slots. The at least two row of staple
retaining slots may be positioned in one of a linear configuration
and an annular configuration. The buttress material may include a
plurality of welds overlying at least one row of the staple
retaining slots of the tissue contacting surface.
[0013] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a
surgical stapling apparatus including a releasable buttress
material includes a cartridge assembly including a plurality of
staples and a tissue contacting surface defining staple retaining
slots, an anvil assembly including a tissue contacting surface
defining staple pockets for forming staples expelled from the
staple retaining slots of the cartridge assembly, and a buttress
material including at least one weld joining the buttress material
to the tissue contacting surface of the cartridge assembly. The at
least one weld is positioned to at least partially overlie a staple
retaining slot of the cartridge assembly.
[0014] In embodiments, the at least one weld is dimensioned to
extend at least partially over an ejection path of a leg of a
staple disposed in the staple retaining slot.
[0015] The buttress material may include a plurality of welds
positioned at least partially over the staple retaining slots of
the cartridge assembly. In embodiments, the buttress material
includes a plurality of welds positioned at least partially over a
portion of all of the staple retaining slots of the cartridge
assembly. The plurality of welds may be distributed in a pattern
over the tissue contacting surface of the cartridge assembly.
[0016] A buttress material may also be attached to the tissue
contacting surface of the anvil assembly. The buttress material of
the anvil assembly may be the same as, or different from, the
buttress material of the cartridge assembly.
[0017] The buttress material may be porous, non-porous, or
combinations thereof. In embodiments, the buttress material is
porous. In other embodiments, a portion of the buttress material,
including the at least one weld, is non-porous.
[0018] In embodiments, the cartridge assembly is associated with a
first jaw and the anvil assembly is associated with a second jaw.
The first and second jaws are selectively movable relative to one
another from a first spaced apart position to a second position
wherein the first and second jaws cooperate to grasp tissue
therebetween. In such embodiments, the staple retaining slots and
the staple pockets may linearly extend along a length of the
cartridge assembly and the anvil assembly, respectively. The tissue
contacting surfaces of the cartridge assembly and the anvil
assembly may also include at least two rows of staple retaining
slots and staple pockets, respectively. The buttress material of
the cartridge assembly may include a plurality of welds overlying
at least one row of the staple retaining slots of the cartridge
assembly.
[0019] In embodiments, the cartridge assembly may be associated
with a body portion of the surgical stapling apparatus and the
anvil assembly includes a shaft removably mountable to the body
portion, the anvil assembly being movable toward and away from the
body portion. In such embodiments, the buttress material may
include a plurality of welds in an annular configuration. The
cartridge assembly and the anvil assembly may also include at least
two annular rows of staple retaining slots and staple pockets. The
buttress material of the cartridge assembly may include a plurality
of welds overlying at least one row of the staple retaining slots
of the cartridge assembly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Embodiments of the presently disclosed surgical stapling
apparatus and surgical buttress are described herein with reference
to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0021] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an illustrative embodiment
of a surgical stapling apparatus including a surgical buttress in
accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 2A is a perspective view, with parts separated, of a
staple cartridge of the surgical stapling apparatus and of the
surgical buttress of FIG. 1;
[0023] FIG. 2B is an enlarged area of detail depicted in FIG.
2A;
[0024] FIGS. 3A and 3B are perspective views of a staple cartridge
of the surgical stapling apparatus and of a surgical buttress in
accordance with other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIGS. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional views of a staple
cartridge of the surgical stapling apparatus and a surgical
buttress in a pre-welded (FIG. 4A) and a post-welded (FIG. 4B)
configuration in accordance with an exemplary process of forming
the welds in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating another exemplary
process of forming the welds in accordance with another embodiment
of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a distal end of the surgical
stapling apparatus of FIG. 1, shown in use positioned about a
tissue section;
[0028] FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view taken along line 7A-7A of
FIG. 6;
[0029] FIG. 7B is an enlarged area of detail depicted in FIG.
7A;
[0030] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the stapled and divided
tissue section of FIG. 6;
[0031] FIG. 9A is a perspective view of an illustrative embodiment
of a surgical stapling apparatus in accordance with another
embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view of the surgical stapling
apparatus of FIG. 9A;
[0033] FIG. 10A is a perspective view of an illustrative embodiment
of the staple cartridge of the surgical stapling apparatus of FIG.
9A including a surgical buttress in accordance with an embodiment
of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 10B is an enlarged area of detail depicted in FIG.
10A;
[0035] FIG. 11 is perspective view of an intestinal area of a
patient, illustrating a method of positioning the anvil rod and
staple cartridge of the surgical stapling apparatus of FIGS. 9A,
9B, and 10 within the intestinal area;
[0036] FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the intestinal
area of FIG. 11, illustrating the anvil rod mounted to the surgical
stapling apparatus;
[0037] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an anvil assembly including
a polymeric insert in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of another illustrative
embodiment of a surgical stapling apparatus for use with a surgical
buttress of the present disclosure; and
[0039] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of yet another illustrative
embodiment of a surgical stapling apparatus for use with a surgical
buttress of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0040] Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are
discussed herein below in terms of buttresses for use with surgical
stapling apparatus. The buttresses described herein may be used in
sealing a wound by approximating the edges of wound tissue between
a staple cartridge and an anvil of a surgical stapling apparatus
which contains at least one buttress. The at least one buttress is
joined to the surgical stapling apparatus by at least one weld
positioned at least partially within and/or across an ejection path
of a staple. Firing of the surgical stapling apparatus forces the
legs of at least one staple to pass through the opening on the
staple cartridge, the at least one weld and the buttress, the
tissue, and the openings on the anvil to secure the buttress to the
tissue, to secure the adjoining tissue to one another, and to seal
the tissue. The firing force of the staple impacts the weld and
applies a force thereto that weakens or breaks the bond created by
the weld between the buttress and the tissue contacting surface of
the surgical stapling apparatus, releasing the buttress therefrom.
Thus, the present disclosure describes surgical buttresses,
surgical stapling apparatus supporting said surgical buttresses,
and methods and mechanisms for using the same.
[0041] It should be understood that a variety of surgical stapling
apparatus may be utilized with a surgical buttress of the present
disclosure. For example, linear stapler configurations may be
utilized, such as, for example those including Duet TRS.TM. reloads
and staplers with Tri-Staple.TM. technology, available through
Covidien, which maintain a principal place of business at 555 Long
Wharf Drive, North Haven, Conn. 06511, and transverse anastomosis
staplers, such as, for example, EEA.TM., CEEA.TM., GIA.TM.,
EndoGIA.TM., and TA.TM., also available through Covidien. It should
also be appreciated that the principles of the present disclosure
are equally applicable to surgical staplers having alternate
configurations, such as, for example, end-to-end anastomosis
staplers having a circular cartridge and anvil (see, e.g., commonly
owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,616, entitled "Surgical Fastener Applying
Apparatus," the entire content of which is incorporated herein by
this reference); laparoscopic staplers (see, e.g., commonly owned
U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,330,965 and 6,241,139, each entitled "Surgical
Stapling Apparatus," the entire contents of each of which being
incorporated herein by this reference); and transverse anastomosis
staplers (see, e.g., commonly owned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,964,394 and
7,334,717, each entitled "Surgical Fastener Applying Apparatus",
the entire contents of each of which being incorporated herein by
this reference).
[0042] Embodiments of the presently disclosed surgical buttress and
surgical stapling apparatus will now be described in detail with
reference to the drawing figures wherein like reference numerals
identify similar or identical elements. In the following
discussion, the terms "proximal" and "trailing" may be employed
interchangeably, and should be understood as referring to the
portion of a structure that is closer to a clinician during proper
use. The terms "distal" and "leading" may also be employed
interchangeably, and should be understood as referring to the
portion of a structure that is further from the clinician during
proper use. As used herein, the term "patient" should be understood
as referring to a human subject or other animal, and the term
"clinician" should be understood as referring to a doctor, nurse,
or other care provider and may include support personnel.
[0043] Referring now to FIG. 1, there is disclosed an exemplary
surgical stapling apparatus or surgical stapler 10 for use in
stapling tissue and applying a buttress material or surgical
buttress to the tissue. Surgical stapling apparatus 10 generally
includes a handle 12 having an elongate tubular member 14 extending
distally from handle 12. A jaw assembly 16 is mounted on a distal
end 18 of elongate tubular member 14. Jaw assembly 16 includes a
staple clinching anvil jaw member 20 and a receiving jaw member 22
configured to receive a staple cartridge 32 (see FIG. 2A). Jaw
assembly 16 may be permanently affixed to elongate tubular member
14 or may be detachable and thus replaceable with a new jaw
assembly 16. Staple clinching anvil jaw member 20 is movably
mounted on distal end 18 of jaw assembly 16 and is movable between
an open position spaced apart from staple cartridge jaw member 22
to a closed position substantially adjacent staple cartridge jaw
member 22.
[0044] Surgical stapling apparatus 10 further includes a trigger
33, as seen in FIG. 1, movably mounted on handle 12. Actuation of
trigger 33 initially operates to move anvil jaw member 20 from the
open to the closed position relative to staple cartridge jaw member
22 and subsequently actuates surgical stapling apparatus 10 to
apply lines of staples to tissue. In order to properly orient jaw
assembly 16 relative to the tissue to be stapled, surgical stapling
apparatus 10 is additionally provided with a rotation knob 34
mounted on handle 12. Rotation of rotation knob 34 relative to
handle 12 rotates elongate tubular member 14 and jaw assembly 16
relative to handle 12 so as to properly orient jaw assembly 16
relative to the tissue to be stapled.
[0045] A driver 36, as seen in FIGS. 6 and 7A, is provided to move
anvil jaw member 20 between the open and closed positions relative
to staple cartridge jaw member 22. Driver 36 moves through a
longitudinal slot 38 (FIG. 1) formed in anvil jaw member 20. A
knife 30 with knife blade 31 is associated with driver 36 to cut
tissue captured between anvil jaw member 20 and staple cartridge
jaw member 22 as driver 36 passes through slot 38.
[0046] Reference may be made to commonly owned U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,915,616, 6,330,965, and 6,241,139, referenced above, for a
detailed discussion of the construction and operation of surgical
stapling apparatus 10.
[0047] Staple clinching anvil jaw member 20 and/or staple cartridge
jaw member 22 may be provided with a surgical buttress 24. It
should be understood that a surgical buttress 24 may be associated
with the staple cartridge jaw member 22, the anvil jaw member 20,
and/or the staple cartridge 32. Surgical buttress 24 is provided to
reinforce and seal the lines of staples applied to tissue by
surgical stapling apparatus 10. Surgical buttress 24 may be
configured into any shape, size, or dimension suitable to fit any
surgical stapling, fastening, or firing apparatus.
[0048] Surgical buttress 24 is fabricated from a biocompatible
material which is a bioabsorbable or non-absorbable, natural or
synthetic material. It should of course be understood that any
combination of natural, synthetic, bioabsorbable, and
non-bioabsorbable materials may be used to form the surgical
buttress.
[0049] The surgical buttress 24 may be porous, non-porous, or
combinations thereof. It is also envisioned that surgical buttress
24 described herein may contain a plurality of layers in which any
combination of non-porous and porous layers may be configured as
discussed further below. For example, surgical buttress may be
formed to include multiple non-porous layers and porous layers that
are stacked in an alternating manner. In another example, surgical
buttress may be formed in a "sandwich-like" manner wherein the
outer layers of the surgical buttress include porous layers and the
inner layers are non-porous layers. It is further envisioned that
non-porous and porous layers may be positioned in any order
relative to the tissue contacting surfaces of the staple cartridge
jaw member and the anvil jaw member. Examples of multilayered
surgical buttresses are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. 2009/0001122 filed Jun. 27, 2007, entitled
"Buttress and Surgical Stapling Apparatus," the entire disclosure
of which is incorporated by reference herein.
[0050] Some non-limiting examples of materials from which
non-porous and/or porous layers of surgical buttress 24 may be made
include, but are not limited to, poly(lactic acid), poly (glycolic
acid), poly (hydroxybutyrate), poly (phosphazine), polyesters,
polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polyacrylamides,
polyhydroxyethylmethylacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl
alcohols, polyacrylic acid, polyacetate, polycaprolactone,
polypropylene, aliphatic polyesters, glycerols, poly(amino acids),
copoly (ether-esters), polyalkylene oxalates, polyamides, poly
(iminocarbonates), polyalkylene oxalates, polyoxaesters,
polyorthoesters, polyphosphazenes and copolymers, block copolymers,
homopolymers, blends, and combinations thereof.
[0051] In embodiments, natural biological polymers are used in
forming a non-porous and/or porous layer of the surgical buttress.
Suitable natural biological polymers include, but are not limited
to, collagen, gelatin, fibrin, fibrinogen, elastin, keratin,
albumin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose, oxidized cellulose,
hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl
cellulose, chitan, chitosan, and combinations thereof. In addition,
the natural biological polymers may be combined with any of the
other polymeric materials described herein to produce a non-porous
layer of the surgical buttress.
[0052] In embodiments, amorphous polymers, e.g., thermoplastics,
are utilized to form the surgical buttress of the present
disclosure. Amorphous polymers melt gradually over a range of
temperatures and include, for example,
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, acrylic, butadiene-styrene,
polycarbonate, polyetherimide, polythalamide, polystyrene,
polysulfone, polyvinyl chloride, and styrene-acrylonitrile
copolymer. In embodiments, semi-crystalline materials such as
nylon, polyethylene, and polypropylene, may be utilized alone or in
combination with other materials to form a surgical buttress.
[0053] The use of non-porous layer(s) in the surgical buttress may
enhance the ability of the surgical buttress to resist tears and
perforations during the manufacturing, shipping, handling, and
stapling processes. Also, the use of a non-porous layer in the
surgical buttress may retard or prevent tissue ingrowth from
surrounding tissues thereby acting as an adhesion barrier and
preventing the formation of unwanted scar tissue. Thus, in
embodiments, the non-porous layer(s) of the surgical buttress may
possess anti-adhesion properties.
[0054] A non-porous layer of the surgical buttress may be formed
using techniques within the purview of those skilled in the art,
such as casting, molding, and the like.
[0055] Any of the porous layers of the surgical buttress may have
openings or pores over at least a portion of a surface thereof. As
described in more detail below, suitable materials for forming a
porous layer include, but are not limited to, fibrous structures
(e.g., knitted structures, woven structures, non-woven structures,
etc.) and/or foams (e.g., open or closed cell foams). In
embodiments, the pores may be in sufficient number and size so as
to interconnect across the entire thickness of the porous layer.
Woven fabrics, kitted fabrics, and open cell foam are illustrative
examples of structures in which the pores can be in sufficient
number and size so as to interconnect across the entire thickness
of the porous layer. In embodiments, the pores may not interconnect
across the entire thickness of the porous layer, but rather may be
present at a portion thereof. Thus, in some embodiments, pores may
be located on a portion of the porous layer, with other portions of
the porous layer having a non-porous texture. Those skilled in the
art reading the present disclosure will envision a variety of pore
distribution patterns and configurations for the porous layer.
Closed cell foam or fused non-woven materials are illustrative
examples of structures in which the pores may not interconnect
across the entire thickness of the porous layer.
[0056] Where a porous layer of the surgical buttress is fibrous,
the fibers may be filaments or threads suitable for knitting or
weaving or may be staple fibers, such as those frequently used for
preparing non-woven materials. Suitable techniques for making
fibrous structures are within the purview of those skilled in the
art.
[0057] Where a porous layer of the surgical buttress is a foam, the
porous layer may be formed using any method suitable to forming a
foam or sponge including, but not limited to the lyophilization or
freeze-drying of a composition. Suitable techniques for making
foams are within the purview of those skilled in the art.
[0058] The origin and types of collagens that may be used to form
the porous layer are the same as those indicated above for the
non-porous layer. However, the oxidized or non-oxidized collagen
may be lyophilized, freeze-dried, or emulsified in the presence of
a volume of air to create a foam and then freeze-dried, to form a
porous compress.
[0059] In embodiments, a porous layer of the surgical buttress may
be made from denatured collagen or collagen which has at least
partially lost its helical structure through heating or any other
method. The term "denatured collagen" means collagen which has lost
its helical structure. The collagen used for the porous layer as
described herein may be native collagen or atellocollagen. The
collagen may have been previously chemically modified by oxidation,
methylation, succinylation, ethylation, or any other known
process.
[0060] The porous layer(s) may enhance the ability of the surgical
buttress to absorb fluid, reduce bleeding, and seal the wound.
Also, the porous layer(s) may allow for tissue ingrowth to fix the
surgical buttress in place.
[0061] As illustrated in the current embodiment and shown in FIG.
2A, the surgical buttress 24 is releasably attached to the staple
cartridge 32 and/or the anvil jaw member 20 by welds 40 that bond
the surgical buttress 24 to the inwardly facing or tissue
contacting surface 23 of the staple cartridge 32 and/or the anvil
jaw member 20, as discussed in detail below.
[0062] A buttress retention system 26 may also be incorporated into
the staple cartridge 32 to aid in releasably securing the surgical
buttress 24 to the staple cartridge 32. It is envisioned that
buttress retention system 26 may additionally or alternatively be
incorporated into anvil jaw member 20 such that a surgical buttress
24 may be releasably secured to anvil jaw member 20. Buttress
retention system 26 may include means for attaching the surgical
buttress 24 to the staple cartridge 32 and/or anvil jaw member 20,
such as by pin 28 located on the staple cartridge 32 that is
designed to releasably attach surgical buttress 24 to staple
cartridge 32 via at least one hole 24a formed in the surgical
buttress 24 that is shaped and designed to frictionally fit onto
the pin 28. Other mechanical and/or chemical attachment means are
within the purview of those skilled in the art and include, for
example, the use of adhesives, sealants, glues, pins, tacks, tabs,
clamps, channels, straps, protrusions, and combinations
thereof.
[0063] As illustrated in FIG. 2B, in conjunction with FIG. 2A, the
welds 40 releasably attach the staple cartridge 32 and/or the anvil
jaw member 20 in a manner which allows the surgical buttress 24 to
be removed or released from the staple cartridge 32 and/or the
anvil jaw member 20 upon penetration of the surgical buttress 24 by
a surgical staple 50 (see FIG. 7A) or other fastening device.
Accordingly, welds 40 are positioned at least partially over a
staple pocket 52 (shown in phantom), as will be discussed in
greater detail below.
[0064] The surgical buttress 24 may include a plurality of welds 40
attaching the surgical buttress 24 to the surgical stapling
apparatus 10. As illustrated in FIG. 2A, welds 40 are positioned at
least partially over a portion of all of the staple retaining slots
52 of the tissue contacting surface 23 of the staple cartridge
32.
[0065] As seen in FIG. 2B, in an embodiment, surgical buttress 24
may be secured to the tissue contacting surface 23 of staple
cartridge 32 by welds 40 wherein a pair of welds 40A, 40B are
provided for, or associated with, each staple retaining slot 52. In
particular, a first weld 40A may secure surgical buttress 24 to the
tissue contacting surface 23 of the staple cartridge 32 at a
location near a distal end of staple retaining slot 52 wherein at
least a portion of first weld 40A extends across a distal portion
of staple retaining slot 52 such that at least a portion (e.g., a
staple leg) of a surgical staple 50 (FIG. 7A), disposed within
staple retaining slot 52, will at least impact or penetrate the
first weld 40A and facilitate the release of first weld 40A from
the tissue contacting surface 23 of staple cartridge 32 upon a
firing of surgical stapling apparatus 10.
[0066] Similarly, as seen in FIG. 2B, a second weld 40B may secure
surgical buttress 24 to the tissue contacting surface 23 of the
staple cartridge 32 at a location near a proximal end of staple
retaining slot 52 wherein at least a portion of second weld 40B
extends across a proximal portion of staple retaining slot 52 such
that at least a portion (e.g., a staple leg) of surgical staple 50,
disposed within staple retaining slot 52, will at least impact or
penetrate the second weld 40B and facilitate the release of second
weld 40B from the tissue contacting surface 23 of staple cartridge
32 upon a firing of surgical stapling apparatus 10.
[0067] As can be appreciated from the foregoing description, in
embodiments, first and second welds 40A, 40B are aligned with an
ejection path of the legs of surgical staple 50. While a pair of
welds 40A, 40B have been shown associated with each staple
retaining slot 52, it is contemplated that a single weld may be
associated with each staple retaining slot 52 or that fewer than
all the staple retaining slots 52 will have a weld 40 associated
therewith.
[0068] Additionally, it is contemplated that weld(s) 40 may be
disposed at any location along the length of staple retaining slot
52.
[0069] In embodiments, it is contemplated that the welds 40 may be
distributed in a systematic or random pattern. Other configurations
are also envisioned, such as those shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. As
illustrated in FIG. 3A, welds 40 are positioned around the
perimeter of the surgical buttress 24. FIG. 3B illustrates welds 40
spaced about the surgical buttress 24 to facilitate passage of
surgical stapling apparatus 10 into the body of a patient without
risk of tearing or wrinkling of the surgical buttress 24 as
surgical stapling apparatus 10 is inserted into and manipulated
within the body of a patient. It is envisioned that the number of
welds, weld size, and weld spacing can be varied to optimize the
attachment of the surgical buttress to the surgical stapling
apparatus, as well as to minimize the detachment force required
during firing.
[0070] With reference now to FIGS. 4A and 4B, an ultrasonic welding
assembly 1000, or the like, is illustrated for attaching a surgical
buttress 24 to a staple cartridge 32. The staple cartridge 32 and
surgical buttress 24 are placed within a channel 1022 of base 1020
of welding assembly 1000. Welding assembly 1000 includes an
ultrasonic device 1010 operably connected to a generator (not
shown) for ultrasonically vibrating a die 1012 extending from
ultrasonic device 1010. Die 1012 defines a patterned surface 1014
including projections 1016 for forming the individual welds 40 on
the surgical buttress 24. Projections 1016 provide small contact
surfaces so that the energy delivered by ultrasonic device 1010 is
concentrated over a small area. The projections 1016 may be any
shape, such as, for example, rectangular, triangular, circular,
oval, and other polygons and irregular shapes and combinations
thereof.
[0071] In one embodiment, welding assembly 1000 is operatively
mounted on a press assembly (not shown) for approximating die 1012
of welding assembly 1000 towards and away from base 1020.
Alternatively, welding assembly 1000 may be securely mounted
relative to base 1020 and base 1020 may be raised and lowered to
approximate base 1020 towards and away from die 1012. The downward
pressure exerted on the surgical buttress 24 by the patterned die
1012, indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4B, and the ultrasonic
vibration of die 1012 causes the portions of the surgical buttress
24 and staple cartridge 32 that are in contact with each other to
locally heat, and in some instances, begin to melt thereby
fusing/bonding the surgical buttress 24 to the staple cartridge 32
by welds 40.
[0072] FIG. 5 illustrates another ultrasonic welding assembly 2000
that may be utilized to attach the surgical buttress 24 to the
staple cartridge 32. Ultrasonic welding assembly 2000 includes a
horn 2010 and an anvil 2020. Anvil 2020 is shaped as a cylindrical
drum having raised projections 2022 for structuring the size and
distribution of the welds 40.
[0073] The staple cartridge 32 and surgical buttress 24 are passed
over anvil 2020 and mechanically worked by moving horn 2010 up and
down via driving means 2012 into portions of buttress material 24
lying on projections 2022 with a frequency that lies within the
ultrasonic range. Heat is generated in the worked areas of the
surgical buttress 24 causing the surgical buttress 24 to melt and
fuse/bond with the staple cartridge 32. Alternatively, the amount
of heat generated may be higher to affect heating and melting of
both the surgical buttress 24 and staple cartridge 32.
[0074] Any combination of steps as described above may be utilized
to fuse/bond the surgical buttress 24 to the staple cartridge 32.
Larger areas of the surgical buttress 24 may be sonically welded by
providing additional horns or larger horns to the welding device
2000 or by using an anvil 2020 with larger projections, or, in
embodiments, a flat anvil.
[0075] In embodiments, the staple cartridge 32 and surgical
buttress 24 may be fabricated from the same material, or from
materials with similar melting temperatures to achieve welds 40.
Alternatively, different combinations of compatible materials for
staple cartridge 32 and surgical buttress 24 may be utilized to
form welds 40.
[0076] As illustrated in FIG. 6, during use of surgical stapling
apparatus 10, the anvil jaw member 20 and the staple cartridge jaw
member 22 including a staple cartridge 32, which has been loaded
with a surgical buttress 24 such as by an ultrasonic welding
process as described above, are positioned on either side of the
surgical site where adjacent layers of tissue "T" are to be
fastened to one another.
[0077] As best shown in FIG. 7A, staple cartridge 32 includes
surgical staples 50 positioned within individual staple pockets 52.
Staples 50 are of a conventional type and include a backspan 54
having a pair of legs 56 and 58 extending from backspan 54. Legs 56
and 58 terminate in tissue penetrating tips 60 and 62,
respectively. Pushers 64 are located within staple pockets 52 and
are positioned between staples 50 and the path of a drive bar
66.
[0078] Surgical stapling apparatus 10 is initially actuated by
movement of trigger 33 relative to handle 12 (FIG. 1) causing
driver 36 to move in the direction of arrow "A" (FIG. 6), and
against sloped edge 21 of anvil jaw member 20 thereby causing anvil
jaw member 20 to be moved to the closed position relative to staple
cartridge jaw member 22. As drive bar 66 advances distally within
staple cartridge 32, drive bar 66 urges pushers 64 upwardly against
backspan 54 of staples 50 driving legs 56 and 58 of staples 50
(which are aligned with respective welds 40 as detailed in FIG. 7B)
through at least a portion of the welds 40, the surgical buttress
24, tissue "T", and towards staple forming pockets 68 in anvil jaw
member 20. Tissue penetrating tips 60 and 62 of staple legs 56 and
58 are bent within staple forming pockets 68 in anvil jaw member 20
with backspan 54 securing surgical buttress 24 against tissue "T".
The force of the staples 50 being fired breaks the bonds between
the surgical buttress 24 and the staple cartridge 32, thereby
releasing the surgical buttress 24 from the staple cartridge 32 of
the surgical stapling apparatus 10.
[0079] Upon full actuation of surgical stapling apparatus 10, a
knife 30 associated with surgical stapling apparatus 10 and carried
by driver 36 may be utilized to cut tissue "T", as well as surgical
buttress 24 between the rows of now formed staples 50. Upon
movement of anvil jaw member 20 to the open position spaced apart
from staple cartridge jaw member 22, surgical buttress 24 finishes
pulling away from anvil jaw member 20 and staple cartridge 32 of
staple cartridge jaw member 22.
[0080] The resulting tissue "T", divided and stapled closed with
staples 50, is illustrated in FIG. 8. Specifically, surgical
buttress 24 is secured against tissue "T" by backspans 54 of
staples 50. Thus, surgical buttress 24 is stapled to tissue "T"
thereby sealing and reinforcing the staple lines created by staples
50.
[0081] Referring now to FIGS. 9A and 9B, an annular surgical
stapling apparatus 110, for use with a surgical buttress 124 of the
present disclosure, is shown. Surgical stapling apparatus 110
includes a handle assembly 112 having at least one pivotable
actuating handle member 133, and an advancing member 135. Extending
from handle member 112, there is provided a tubular body portion
114 which may be constructed so as to have a curved shape along its
length. Body portion 114 terminates in a staple cartridge assembly
132 which includes a pair of annular arrays of staple receiving
slots 152 having a staple 150 disposed in each one of staple
receiving slots 152. Positioned distally of staple cartridge
assembly 132 there is provided an anvil assembly 120 including an
anvil member 121 and a shaft 123 operatively associated therewith
for removably connecting anvil assembly 120 to a distal end portion
of stapling apparatus 110.
[0082] Staple cartridge assembly 132 may be fixedly connected to
the distal end of tubular body portion 114 or may be configured to
concentrically fit within the distal end of tubular body portion
114. Staple cartridge assembly 132 includes a staple pusher 164
including a proximal portion having a generally frusto-conical
shape and a distal portion defining two concentric rings of
peripherally spaced fingers (not shown), each one of which is
received within a respective staple receiving slot 152.
[0083] A knife 130, substantially in the form of an open cup with
the rim thereof defining a knife blade 131, is disposed within
staple cartridge assembly 132 and mounted to a distal surface of a
staple pusher 164. The knife 130 is disposed radially inward of the
pair of annular arrays of staples 150. Accordingly, in use, as the
staple pusher 164 is advanced, the knife 130 is also advanced
axially outward.
[0084] As seen in FIG. 10A, a surgical buttress 124 is releasably
attached to the staple cartridge 132 by welds 140 that bond the
surgical buttress 124 thereto. It is envisioned that the surgical
buttress 124 may be additionally or alternatively attached to the
anvil assembly 120. Surgical buttress 124 is provided in an annular
configuration and includes an aperture 125 to receive shaft 123 of
anvil assembly 120 therethrough. As illustrated, the welds 140 are
in an annular configuration such that they at least partially
overlay and extend across the staple retaining slots 152.
[0085] As shown in FIG. 10B, surgical buttress 124 may be secured
to the staple cartridge 32 by welds 140 wherein a pair of welds
140A, 140B are provided for, or associated with, each staple
retaining slot 152 (FIG. 9A). In particular, a first weld 140A may
secure surgical buttress 124 to the staple cartridge 132 such that
at least a portion of first weld 140A extends across a portion of a
staple retaining slot 152. In such a configuration, at least a
portion (e.g., a staple leg) of a surgical staple (not shown)
disposed within staple retaining slot 152, will at least impact or
penetrate the first weld 140A and facilitate the release of first
weld 140A from the staple cartridge 132 upon a firing of surgical
stapling apparatus 110. Similarly, a second weld 140B may secure
surgical buttress 124 to the staple cartridge 132 such that at
least a portion of second weld 140B extends across the staple
retaining slot 152.
[0086] It is envisioned that other configurations may be utilized
to retain the surgical buttress 124 to the staple cartridge 132,
such as providing the welds 140 in either the inner or outer
annular row of staple retaining slots 152, or alternating the welds
140 between the staple retaining slots 152, among other
arrangements within the purview of those skilled in the art.
[0087] Surgical stapling apparatus 110 and detachable anvil
assembly 120 are used in an anastomosis procedure to effect joining
of intestinal sections 50 and 52. The anastomosis procedure is
typically performed using minimally invasive surgical techniques
including laparoscopic means and instrumentation. At the point in
the procedure shown in FIG. 11, a diseased intestinal section has
been previously removed, anvil assembly 120 has been applied to the
operative site either through a surgical incision or transanally
and positioned within intestinal section 52, and tubular body
portion 114 of surgical stapling apparatus 110 has been inserted
transanally into intestinal section 50. Intestinal sections 50 and
52 are also shown temporarily secured about their respective
components (e.g., shaft 123 of anvil assembly 120, and the distal
end of tubular body portion 114) by conventional means such as a
purse string suture "P", as illustrated in FIG. 12.
[0088] Thereafter, the clinician maneuvers anvil assembly 120 until
the proximal end of shaft 123 is inserted into the distal end of
tubular body portion 114 of surgical stapling apparatus 110,
wherein the mounting structure (not shown) within the distal end of
tubular body portion 114 engages shaft 123 to effect the mounting.
Anvil assembly 120 and tubular body portion 114 are then
approximated to approximate intestinal sections 50, 52. Surgical
stapling apparatus 110 is then fired. The force of the staples (not
shown) being fired breaks the bonds between the surgical buttress
124 and the staple cartridge 132 created by welds 140 thereby
releasing the surgical buttress 124 from the staple cartridge 132,
and effecting stapling of intestinal sections 50, 52 to one
another. A knife (not shown) cuts the portion of tissue and
surgical buttress 124 disposed radially inward of the knife, to
complete the anastomosis. In embodiments in which the surgical
buttress 124 is disposed radially outward of the knife, only tissue
is transected by the knife blade.
[0089] Referring now to FIG. 13, anvil assembly 120 is illustrated
including a polymeric insert 170. Typically the anvil assembly 120
is formed from a metal, such as stainless steel, and thus, a
polymeric insert 170 may be utilized for attachment of a surgical
buttress (not shown) thereto. Anvil head 121 includes a plurality
of staple forming pockets 168 extending radially around an outer
periphery of the tissue contacting surface 127 of the anvil head
121 for receiving and deforming staples (not shown). A cut ring 129
is disposed radially inward of the staple forming pockets 168 such
that the knife blade (not shown) abuts and/or penetrates the cut
ring 129 during firing of the surgical stapling apparatus to
enhance cutting of tissue. Typically, cut ring 129 is formed from a
soft material, e.g., polyethylene, to allow some degree of knife
penetration into the cut ring 129.
[0090] Polymeric insert 170 may be fabricated from the same
material as the surgical buttress, or alternatively, from a
material compatible with the surgical buttress. The polymeric
insert 170 may be attached to the tissue contacting surface 127 of
the anvil head 121 utilizing methods within the purview of those
skilled in the art, such as by utilizing adhesives or overmolding
the polymeric insert 170 over the tissue contacting surface 127 of
the anvil head 121. A surgical buttress is attached to the
polymeric insert 170 by welds that bond the surgical buttress to
thereto, such that the welds at least partially overlay and extend
across the staple forming pockets 168 along an ejection path of a
staple as described above. In some embodiments, such as embodiments
including a surgical buttress associated with the cartridge
assembly, a surgical buttress may be attached to a portion of cut
ring 129 (e.g., by welding) such that release of the surgical
buttress associated with the cartridge assembly is provided by
firing of the staples and release of the surgical buttress
associated with the anvil assembly is accomplished by knife blade
cutting.
[0091] The surgical buttress of the present disclosure may be
adapted for use with other surgical stapling apparatus in
accordance with the present disclosure, such as the surgical
stapling apparatus shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,334,717,
entitled "Surgical Fastener Applying Apparatus," the entire content
of which is incorporated herein by reference. As illustrated in
FIG. 14, surgical stapling apparatus 210 includes an anvil
receiving section 220 and a cartridge receiving section 222. A
surgical buttress (not shown) may be welded to at least one of an
anvil 221 coupled to the anvil receiving section 220, a staple
cartridge 232 coupled to the cartridge receiving section 222, or
both, as discussed above. The anvil receiving section 220 and the
cartridge receiving section 222 are pivotally connected via handles
212, 213 for approximation during use. Following approximation of
the anvil receiving section 220 and the cartridge receiving section
222, the surgical stapling apparatus 210 is fired by driving a
firing slide 236 distally through the advancement of a firing lever
233. Distal movement of the firing slide 233 causes a plurality of
cam bars to engage camming surfaces that interact with a plurality
of pushers to expel a plurality of surgical staples (not shown)
from the cartridge receiving section 222. The force of the staples
being fired breaks the bonds between the surgical buttress and the
staple cartridge, for example, created by welds between the
surgical buttress and the staple cartridge, thereby releasing the
surgical buttress from the staple cartridge. The staples are
positioned on either side of a track which guides a knife (not
shown) during longitudinal movement to thereby sever tissue along a
cut-line.
[0092] The surgical buttress of the present disclosure may also be
adapted for use with a transverse surgical stapling apparatus 310,
as illustrated in FIG. 15. An exemplary transverse surgical
stapling apparatus is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,964,394, entitled "Surgical Fastener Applying Device," the entire
content of which is incorporated herein by reference. The surgical
stapling apparatus 310 includes an approximation lever 333, a
movable handle 312, an elongated portion 314 that extends distally
from the handle 312, and an arm 322 that extends from a distal end
315 of the elongated portion 314. The surgical stapling apparatus
310 further includes an anvil 321 that is orthogonally affixed to
the arm 322, and a cartridge receiver 320 that is operatively
coupled to the distal end 315 of the elongated portion 314 for
retention of a staple cartridge 332. A surgical buttress (not
shown) may be welded to at least one of the anvil 321, staple
cartridge 332, or both as discussed above.
[0093] In embodiments, at least one bioactive agent may be combined
with a surgical buttress of the present disclosure. The at least
one bioactive agent may be disposed on a surface of the surgical
buttress and/or impregnated therein. In these embodiments, the
surgical buttress can also serve as a vehicle for delivery of the
bioactive agent. The term "bioactive agent", as used herein, is
used in its broadest sense and includes any substance or mixture of
substances that have clinical use. Consequently, bioactive agents
may or may not have pharmacological activity per se, e.g., a dye,
or fragrance. Alternatively a bioactive agent could be any agent
which provides a therapeutic or prophylactic effect, a compound
that affects or participates in tissue growth, cell growth, cell
differentiation, an anti-adhesive compound, a compound that may be
able to invoke a biological action such as an immune response, or
could play any other role in one or more biological processes. It
is envisioned that the bioactive agent may be applied to the
surgical buttress in any suitable form of matter, e.g., films,
powders, liquids, gels and the like.
[0094] Examples of classes of bioactive agents which may be
utilized in accordance with the present disclosure include
anti-adhesives, antimicrobials, analgesics, antipyretics,
anesthetics, antiepileptics, antihistamines, anti-inflammatories,
cardiovascular drugs, diagnostic agents, sympathomimetics,
cholinomimetics, antimuscarinics, antispasmodics, hormones, growth
factors, muscle relaxants, adrenergic neuron blockers,
antineoplastics, immunogenic agents, immunosuppressants,
gastrointestinal drugs, diuretics, steroids, lipids,
lipopolysaccharides, polysaccharides, and enzymes. It is also
intended that combinations of bioactive agents may be used.
[0095] Other bioactive agents which may be included as a bioactive
agent in the surgical buttress of the present disclosure include:
local anesthetics; non-steroidal antifertility agents;
parasympathomimetic agents; psychotherapeutic agents;
tranquilizers; decongestants; sedative hypnotics; steroids;
sulfonamides; sympathomimetic agents; vaccines; vitamins;
antimalarials; anti-migraine agents; anti-parkinson agents such as
L-dopa; anti-spasmodics; anticholinergic agents (e.g. oxybutynin);
antitussives; bronchodilators; cardiovascular agents such as
coronary vasodilators and nitroglycerin; alkaloids; analgesics;
narcotics such as codeine, dihydrocodeinone, meperidine, morphine
and the like; non-narcotics such as salicylates, aspirin,
acetaminophen, d-propoxyphene and the like; opioid receptor
antagonists, such as naltrexone and naloxone; anti-cancer agents;
anti-convulsants; anti-emetics; antihistamines; anti-inflammatory
agents such as hormonal agents, hydrocortisone, prednisolone,
prednisone, non-hormonal agents, allopurinol, indomethacin,
phenylbutazone and the like; prostaglandins and cytotoxic drugs;
estrogens; antibacterials; antibiotics; anti-fungals; anti-virals;
anticoagulants; anticonvulsants; antidepressants; antihistamines;
and immunological agents.
[0096] Other examples of suitable bioactive agents which may be
included include viruses and cells, peptides, polypeptides and
proteins, analogs, muteins, and active fragments thereof, such as
immunoglobulins, antibodies, cytokines (e.g. lymphokines,
monokines, chemokines), blood clotting factors, hemopoietic
factors, interleukins (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6), interferons
(.beta.-IFN, (.alpha.-IFN and .gamma.-IFN), erythropoietin,
nucleases, tumor necrosis factor, colony stimulating factors (e.g.,
GCSF, GM-CSF, MCSF), insulin, anti-tumor agents and tumor
suppressors, blood proteins, gonadotropins (e.g., FSH, LH, CG,
etc.), hormones and hormone analogs (e.g., growth hormone),
vaccines (e.g., tumoral, bacterial and viral antigens);
somatostatin; antigens; blood coagulation factors; growth factors
(e.g., nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor); protein
inhibitors, protein antagonists, and protein agonists; nucleic
acids, such as antisense molecules, DNA and RNA; oligonucleotides;
polynucleotides; and ribozymes.
[0097] In embodiments, a reinforcement member may be positioned
within or over a surgical buttress. In embodiments utilizing a
multilayered surgical buttress, one or more reinforcement members
may be positioned between, within, or at an external surface of a
layer of the surgical buttress as are disclosed, for example, in
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0001122, reference
above.
[0098] Persons skilled in the art will understand that the devices
and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the
accompanying figures are non-limiting exemplary embodiments, and
that the description, disclosure, and figures should be construed
merely exemplary of particular embodiments. It is to be understood,
therefore, that the present disclosure is not limited to the
precise embodiments described, and that various other changes and
modifications may be effected by one skilled in the art without
departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Additionally,
it is envisioned that the elements and features illustrated or
described in connection with one exemplary embodiment may be
combined with the elements and features of another exemplary
embodiment without departing from the scope of the present
disclosure, and that such modifications and variations are also
intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
Accordingly, the subject matter of the present disclosure is not to
be limited by what has been particularly shown and described,
except as indicated by the appended claims.
* * * * *