U.S. patent application number 14/131302 was filed with the patent office on 2015-02-05 for protective glove having textile inner lining.
The applicant listed for this patent is Mattias Finzelberg. Invention is credited to Mattias Finzelberg.
Application Number | 20150033801 14/131302 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 45464494 |
Filed Date | 2015-02-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150033801 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Finzelberg; Mattias |
February 5, 2015 |
Protective Glove Having Textile Inner Lining
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a polymer protective glove,
which includes a textile lining and a polymer layer having an
elastomer with isoprene units. According to the present disclosure,
the textile lining or textile layer and the polymer layer are
embodied in the form of a layered laminate. The present disclosure
also relates to a method for manufacturing such a protective
glove.
Inventors: |
Finzelberg; Mattias;
(Mannheim, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Finzelberg; Mattias |
Mannheim |
|
DE |
|
|
Family ID: |
45464494 |
Appl. No.: |
14/131302 |
Filed: |
December 22, 2011 |
PCT Filed: |
December 22, 2011 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2011/006495 |
371 Date: |
March 25, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
66/174 ;
2/164 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A41D 19/001 20130101;
B29C 41/14 20130101; A41D 19/0065 20130101; A41D 19/015 20130101;
B29C 41/20 20130101; B29C 41/22 20130101; B29L 2031/4864
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
66/174 ;
2/164 |
International
Class: |
A41D 19/00 20060101
A41D019/00; A41D 19/015 20060101 A41D019/015 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 8, 2011 |
DE |
10 2011 107 443.4 |
Claims
1. A polymeric protective glove with a textile lining,
characterized in that the protective glove 2 includes a textile
layer embodied in the form of a textile lining and at least one
first polymer layer including a synthetic elastomer with isoprene
units and in which the textile layer and the first polymer are
embodied in the form of a layered laminate and the inside of the
protective glove is formed by the textile layer.
2. The protective glove according to claim 1, wherein the textile
lining and the first polymer layer constitute a fiber reinforced
material at their boundary layer.
3. The protective glove according to claim 1, wherein the textile
lining and the first polymer layer are held together without an
adhesive agent.
4. The protective glove according to claim 1, wherein the textile
lining is a knitted fabric, preferably a knitted fabric with double
loops, particularly preferably an interlock knitted fabric.
5. The protective glove according to claim 4, wherein the knitted
fabric contains cellulose-containing fibers.
6. The protective glove according to claim 4, wherein the knitted
fabric forms a textile lining including a cotton knitted fabric or
a cotton blend knitted fabric, in particular a cotton blend knitted
fabric with a cotton content of >50%.
7. The protective glove according to claim 1, wherein the textile
layer has a density of >150 g/m2, in particular >250 g/m2
8. The protective glove according to claim 1, wherein the first
polymer layer contains an elastomer with butyl monomer units.
9. The protective glove according to claim 1, wherein the first
polymer layer contains an elastomer with halogenated butyl monomer
units, in particular bromobutyl monomer units.
10. The protective glove according to claim 1, wherein the first
polymer layer is including a layered laminate containing at least
two sublayers of the same polymer.
11. The protective glove according to claim 10, wherein the first
sublayer of the first polymer layer contains no colorant and the
second sublayer contains colorant.
12. The protective glove according to claim 1, wherein the first
polymer layer has been applied by means of a dip-coating process,
in particular by means of a dip-coating process from a
solution.
13. The protective glove according to claim 1, wherein at least one
second polymer layer of a second synthetic elastomer is disposed
onto the first polymer layer.
14. The protective glove according to claim 13, wherein the second
polymer layer contains an elastomer with i) 1,1-difluoroethylene
and/or hexafluoropropene monomer units or ii) acrylonitrile monomer
units.
15. The protective glove according to claim 1 or 13, wherein the
first polymer layer has a thickness of 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm and/or the
second polymer layer has a thickness of 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm. 20
16. The protective glove according to claim 1, wherein the textile
layer contains at least residual amounts of a film-forming polymer,
in particular polyvinyl alcohol and/or a polysaccharide, preferably
starch.
17. A method for manufacturing a protective glove having at least
the following steps: a) placement of a textile lining onto a glove
form, b) application of a solution of a film-forming polymer onto
the textile lining and drying of the textile lining, c) dipping of
the glove form into a first solution of a synthetic, first rubber
at a temperature T1, where T1 is lower than the cross-linking
temperature of the first rubber, in order to produce a first
synthetic polymer layer, d) removal of the glove form from the
first rubber solution after a predefined dipping time, with steps
c) and d) being carried out once or several times in sequence, e)
drying of the dipped first synthetic polymer layer until the
solvent is at least largely evaporated, f) vulcanization of the
first synthetic polymer layer by autoclaving the protective glove,
g) removal of the protective glove from the glove form.
18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the synthetic rubber
of the first solution is a butyl rubber, preferably a halogenated
butyl rubber, and particularly preferably a bromobutyl rubber.
19. The method according to claim 17, wherein after step e), the
glove form is dipped into a second solution of a second synthetic
rubber and after a predefined dipping time t2, is removed from the
second solution and dried.
20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the second synthetic
rubber of the second solution is halogenated.
21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the second synthetic
rubber of the second solution contains the monomers
1,1-difluoroethylene and/or hexafluoropropene.
22. The method according to claim 17, wherein the film-forming
polymer contained in the film-forming polymer solution is a polar,
preferably water-soluble polymer with hydroxyl groups.
23. The method according to claim 17, wherein the solution of the
film-forming polymer contains polyvinyl alcohol and/or a
polysaccharide, in particular starch.
24. The method according to claim 17, wherein a plasticiser, in
particular glycerin, is added to the film-forming polymer
solution.
25. The method according to claim 23, wherein the textile lining is
brushed with the PVA solution (3) until the amount of application
of PVA totals 0.15 to 3 g, preferably 0.3 to 1.8 g, particularly
preferably 0.6 to 0.9 g.
26. The method according to claim 17, wherein the viscosity of the
first rubber solution is from 100 to 200 s, determined with a 6 mm
Ford beaker.
27. The method according to claim 17, wherein the glove form is
first dipped into the first solution of the first synthetic rubber
and is then dipped into a second solution of the first synthetic
rubber and the viscosity of the first solution is greater than the
viscosity of the second solution.
28. The method according to claim 17, wherein in at least one of
the dip-coating procedures, the glove form is partially pre-dipped
to the wrist at least once and then is dipped completely.
29. The method according to claim 17 or 19, wherein the glove form
is dipped for as long and as often as necessary into the
corresponding rubber solutions until the first polymer layer has
reached a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 mm and/or the second polymer
layer has reached a thickness of 0.05 to 0.2 mm.
30. The method according to claim 17, 19, or 27, wherein the
protective glove, after the dipping procedures in the first rubber
solution or in the various rubber solutions, is vulcanized in step
f) at a pressure of 3 to 5 bar and/or a temperature of 60 to
170.degree. C., preferably 90 to 150.degree. C.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to protective gloves, in
particular elastic, polymeric protective gloves with a textile
lining, as well as to a method for their manufacture.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Because of the availability of a number of suitable
polymers, it is possible to obtain protective gloves for a large
number of chemical substance classes. It is thus possible,
depending on the polymer or polymeric composite materials used, to
obtain long permeation times for different substance classes. In
particular, elastomers such as isoprene rubbers also feature a low
gas permeability, which is desirable from a safety standpoint.
Consequently, however, protective gloves composed of polymeric
materials are not breathable, i.e. the moisture generated by
perspiration remains inside the glove. This has a significant
negative impact on the wearing comfort of such a protective glove,
particularly when it is worn for long periods. To improve the
wearing properties, in particular to absorb moisture, therefore,
textile inner gloves are generally used. The use of a textile inner
glove and a separate polymeric protective glove, however, is
disadvantageous for practical reasons. On the one hand, it takes a
relatively long time to put on the inner glove and the protective
glove. On the other hand, the use of two gloves results in a
relatively large overall thickness of the glove combination, which
has a disadvantageous effect on tactile sensitivity. There is also
often a lot of play, i.e. space between the textile inner glove and
the polymeric glove, which likewise has a disadvantageous effect on
tactile sensitivity.
[0003] There is thus an interest in polymeric protective gloves
with a fixed textile lining. In this connection, there are
protective gloves known from the prior art in which the textile
lining is glued into the polymer protective glove, i.e. an adhesive
agent is used to affix the lining in the glove. The textile lining
and the polymeric material, however, do not have a common phase
boundary and the adhesion is produced by means of the adhesion and
cohesion forces of the adhesive agent, for example a glue. The
gluing process is disadvantageously complex and the textile lining
and polymer glove come unglued from each other relatively easily.
The latter is particularly true when the bonding agent is washed
out over the course of the wearing life or is subject to other
external influences.
[0004] By contrast, a protective glove made of a composite material
composed of a textile knitted fabric and a polymer layer has a more
powerful adhesion between the textile knit and the polymer
layer.
[0005] German patent disclosure DE 27 59 008 A1 describes a
protective glove composed of a textile that has been coated by
means of a dip-coating process from a dispersion with polymers such
as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and also describes its manufacturing
method and an apparatus conceived for this purpose. Due to the
irregular layer thicknesses and the occurrence of diffusion
conduits, so-called "pin holes," a protective glove of this kind
has a comparatively poor protective effect. This is also
disadvantageous from an economic standpoint because it results in a
larger number of rejects. It also requires the use of additives
such as coagulation reagents.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
[0006] The object of the present disclosure is to create a
polymeric protective glove with a textile lining, which has uniform
permeation times across the entire surface of the glove and thus
has a reliable protective effect in relation to a variety of
chemical compound classes.
[0007] Another object is to create a glove of this kind that also
has a high level of wearing comfort while maintaining flexibility
and tactile sensitivity. Another object is to create an efficient
method for manufacturing a protective glove of this kind.
[0008] This object is attained by the subject of the independent
claims. Other embodiments and modifications are disclosed in the
respective dependent claims.
[0009] Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a polymeric
protective glove with a textile lining in which the textile lining
and at least a first polymer layer are embodied in the form of a
layered laminate. The first polymer layer includes a synthetic
elastomer, which is embodied in the form of a copolymer with
isoprene as a monomer unit, i.e. the elastomer contains isoprene
monomer units. In the context of the present disclosure, copolymers
are understood to be polymers with at least two different monomer
units. An isoprene monomer unit is understood in particular to be
the repeating unit I. Polymers with isoprene monomer units are
understood to also include those polymers in which derivatives of
isoprene monomer units are present. In particular, such polymers
are understood to be polymers with isoprene monomer units in which
a derivatization has taken place by means of polymer analogous
reactions such as halogenation of the polymer.
##STR00001##
[0010] The textile layer of the layered laminate forms the inside
of the glove and is understood to be the bottom (innermost) layer.
Consequently, the first polymer layer, like optional, subsequent
additional polymer layers situated over the said layer, i.e.
relative to the glove as it is worn by the user, is situated toward
the outside. The layered laminate is constructed so that the
textile layer and the first polymer layer are firmly bonded to each
other by means of a common boundary layer. The textile layer here
can, for process-related reasons, also contain additives or
residual amounts of additives such as sizing agents or film-forming
substances, in particular polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or a
polysaccharide such as starch.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the
textile layer and the first polymer layer are held together by a
fiber reinforced material layer, i.e. a fiber/synthetic composite.
This permits good adhesion of the first polymer layer to the
textile lining or textile layer. In particular, it is thus possible
to dispense with using an adhesive agent, in particular a glue. The
textile properties of the textile lining are thus largely
preserved.
[0012] On the common boundary layer, the lining and polymer layer
form a fiber reinforced material in which the fibers of the textile
layer are embedded into a matrix of the polymer of the first
polymer layer. The fiber reinforced material is produced when the
textile lining or textile layer is dipped into a solution of a
synthetic rubber with isoprene monomer units. At the boundary layer
of the two layers, the polymer solution penetrates into the textile
layer and envelops the fibers. The textile layer is thus at least
partially penetrated by the polymer layer. An entanglement of the
textile fibers with the polymer chains occurs. This increases the
contact area between the fibers and the polymer chains and thus
also increases the inter- and intramolecular forces of attraction
that can be due to interactions such as van-der-Waals forces or
adhesion effects.
[0013] Preferably, the textile lining is composed of a knitted
fabric. It may be desired that, in addition to the first polymer
layer, the textile layer or textile lining is elastic.
[0014] The knitted fabric is preferably a knitted fabric with
double loops; an interlock knitted fabric is particularly
preferable. This may produce a fiber reinforced material while
preserving the textile properties of the lining since the knitted
fabric has a sufficient mesh density, which has a positive effect
on the degree of impregnation of the textile lining.
[0015] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the knitted
fabric of the textile lining contains cellulose-containing fibers.
It may be desired that the knitted fabric is composed of cotton or
a cotton blend fabric, in particular with a cotton content of
greater than 50%. This may be desirable because natural fibers, in
particular cellulose-containing fibers, are particularly able to
absorb moisture due to their swelling capacity.
[0016] In an embodiment, the cotton fabric has a density of greater
than 150 g/m.sup.2, in particular greater than 250 g/m.sup.2. The
yarn size of the yarn used is preferably 30:1. It has turned out
that the penetration of the textile lining can be influenced by
means of the density of the knitted fabric in combination with the
yarn size.
[0017] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first
polymer layer contains an elastomer with butyl monomer units. It is
thus possible to achieve a protective effect in relation to a
multitude of compound classes. Thus, elastomers with isoprene
monomer units such as cross-linked butyl rubbers (IIR), in
particular elastomers with butyl monomer units, have a good
protective effect in relation to polar solvents and in relation to
acids and bases. Low glass temperatures T.sub.g result in a very
good flexibility, even at low temperatures. Moreover, elastomers
with isoprene units have a low gas permeability, i.e. they are
impermeable to a multitude of gases such as hydrogen chloride or
ammonia.
[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the
first polymer layer contains an elastomer with halogenated butyl
monomer units, in particular an elastomer with butyl monomer units
that has been halogenated in a polymer analogous reaction. It is
particularly preferable for the first polymer layer to contain an
elastomer with bromobutyl monomer units; in the context of the
present disclosure, bromobutyl monomer units are understood in
particular to be the repeating units II, III, and IV.
##STR00002##
[0019] Compared to their pure hydrocarbon derivatives, halogenated
butyl rubbers are easier to cross-link because of their lower bond
energies. This effect is particularly pronounced in rubbers with
bromobutyl monomer units. In addition, a halogenation of the butyl
rubber increases its chemical inertness and thus increases the
protective effect of the glove.
[0020] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the
first polymer layer is applied to the textile layer by means of a
dip-coating process, i.e. a dipping process, in particular a
dip-coating process from a solution. This makes it possible to
dispense with additives such as coagulation reagents. In addition,
polymer layers applied by dip-coating processes from solutions have
consistent layer properties. It is thereby possible to ensure
constant permeation times over the entire glove and thus a reliable
protection. It is likewise possible to avoid the occurrence of
so-called pin holes, i.e. diffusion conduits, in the polymer
layer.
[0021] Preferably, the first polymer layer is composed of two
polymer sublayers: the first polymer sublayer contains no colorant,
the second polymer sublayer contains colorant, and the second
polymer sublayer is disposed onto the first polymer sublayer. This
embodiment of the first polymer layer may provide uncolored, i.e.
light-colored, textile linings that are typically used for
protective gloves. Because an uncolored first polymer sublayer is
used, the sublayer glistens through the textile lining without
influencing the color impression of the lining. On the other hand,
users especially prefer protective gloves in which colorants have
been added to the polymer layer; hence, the established position of
such gloves in the marketplace.
[0022] In another modification of the present disclosure, at least
one second polymer layer of another, different polymer is applied
over the first polymer layer. In another preferred embodiment, the
second polymer layer contains a fluorinated elastomer. Repulsive,
i.e. repelling, interactions sharply reduce an adsorption of
molecules on the layer surface, thus increasing the resistance to a
large number of chemical substance classes. Consequently, the
comparatively high grease, oil, and fuel permeability of the first
polymer layer's elastomer with isoprene monomer units can be
compensated for through combination with the second polymer
layer.
[0023] Such a protective glove made of a composite material of
different polymer layers, in particular a layered laminate composed
of an isoprene elastomer and a fluoroelastomer, due to synergistic
effects, offers a broader range of protection, i.e. high permeation
times for a large number of compound classes, than corresponding
protective gloves with only one polymer layer.
[0024] In yet another modification of the present disclosure, the
second polymer layer contains an elastomer with
1,1-difluoroethylene monomer units. Fluoroelastomers with
1,1-difluoroethylene monomer units are inert in relation to many
chemicals, oils, and fuels and are heat resistant. The high tear
resistance of up to 20 MPa of fluororubbers with
1,1-difluoroethylene monomer units also results in a high
mechanical resistance of the polymer composite material.
[0025] In a further embodiment of the present disclosure, the
second polymer layer contains a copolymer with the monomers
1,1-difluoroethylene and hexafluoropropene.
[0026] In another preferred embodiment according to the present
disclosure, the second polymer layer contains an elastomer with
acrylonitrile monomer units such as a cross-linked nitrile rubber
(NBR).
[0027] Preferably, the protective glove has a first polymer layer
with a thickness of 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm and/or a second polymer layer
with a thickness of 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm. This has a good effect on
permeation times, flexibility, and wearing comfort.
[0028] The manufacturing method is composed of at least the
following steps:
[0029] In step a), a textile lining is placed onto a glove form. In
this case, an anti-friction agent may be used, such as a silicone
oil, which is applied to the glove form in advance. In the next
step b), a solution of a film-forming polymer is applied to the
textile lining that has been placed onto the glove form. In order
to produce a first polymer layer, in step c), a glove form is
dipped into a first solution of a synthetic, first rubber. In order
to prevent a cross-linking of the rubber either in the solution or
immediately after removal of the form, the temperature T.sub.1
during the dip-coating procedure is lower than the cross-linking
temperature of the first rubber. After a predefined dipping time,
i.e. immersion time, the glove form is removed from the first
solution (step d)). Steps c) and d) are carried out once or several
times in sequence. The dipped first polymer layer is dried (step
e)). Preferably, the drying time is at least 8 hours. Then in step
f), the first polymer layer is vulcanized by autoclaving the
protective glove. In the next step g), the protective glove is
removed from the form.
[0030] In another embodiment of the method according to the present
disclosure, in step c), the glove form is dipped into a first
solution of a butyl rubber, preferably a first solution of a
halogenated butyl rubber, and particularly preferably a first
solution of a rubber with bromobutyl monomer units.
[0031] In a modification of the present disclosure, after step e),
the glove form is dipped into a second solution of a second, other
synthetic rubber. After a predefined dipping time t.sub.2, the
glove form is removed from the solution and dried. In particular,
the first and second polymer layers are jointly vulcanized in step
f).
[0032] The second solution may contain a rubber with the monomers
1,1-difluoroethylene and/or hexafluoropropene. This has a positive
effect on the properties of the glove, for example on the
permeation times for a multitude of chemical compound classes.
[0033] Usually in the solvent dipping process, i.e. a dip-coating
process from a solution, however, longer immersion times are
required than in the corresponding dispersion process. When a
textile lining is dipped for a long time, this typically results in
a partial or even total penetration of the textile lining and thus
in a loss of the desired textile properties of the lining.
Pre-treating the lining with a film-forming polymer can prevent a
complete impregnation of the textile lining, even with longer
dipping times. It is thus possible to dip polymer layers into
solutions while still maintaining the desired textile properties of
the lining.
[0034] In particular, polar polymers with hydroxyl groups are used
as film-forming polymers. Preferably, these polymers are
water-soluble. In particular, a PVA solution and/or a
polysaccharide-containing solution such as a starch-containing
solution are used as a solution of a film-forming polymer.
Preferably a plasticiser, in particular glycerin, is added to the
film-forming polymer solution.
[0035] Surprisingly, it occurred that according to one embodiment,
a spraying or a single or multiple brushing or dabbing of the
textile lining with a cloth impregnated with the solution of the
film-forming polymer can prevent a complete penetration with the
rubber solution. It is thus possible to prevent a complete
penetration of the textile lining. This effect is particularly
pronounced with cellulose-containing textiles. Cellulose-containing
fibers such as cotton fibers swell significantly in the presence of
moisture and absorb the moisture. The application of the
film-forming polymer thus makes it possible to optimally pre-treat
these fibers for the subsequent dip-coating procedure.
[0036] In one embodiment, before being dipped into the first
solution of a rubber with isoprene units, the textile lining is
brushed with the PVA solution until the amount of application of
PVA onto the lining totals 0.15 to 3 g, preferably 0.3 to 1.8 g,
particularly preferably 0.6 to 0.9 g. It is thus possible to
influence the degree to which the rubber impregnates the textile
lining.
[0037] According to an alternative embodiment, the textile lining
is sprayed with a solution containing a polysaccharide such as
starch. This solution preferably functions as a sizing agent. The
use of a polysaccharide, in particular starch, as a film-forming
polymer has the advantage that the protective glove does not stick
very powerfully to the glove form. As a result, after production,
the glove can surprisingly be removed from the glove form even
without turning it inside out, which significantly improves the
production process.
[0038] In one embodiment of the method according to the present
disclosure, the viscosity of the first rubber solution is from 100
to 200 s (determined with a 6 mm Ford beaker). This is good because
a rubber solution with a high viscosity, due to its flow behavior,
penetrates more slowly into the textile lining than corresponding
solutions with lower viscosities. Consequently, the selection of
the viscosity of the first rubber solution constitutes a further
parameter which, in combination with the film-forming polymer, can
be used to influence the degree of penetration.
[0039] In a modification of the present disclosure, the textile
lining is dipped into two different solutions of the same first
synthetic rubber, which differ in terms of their viscosities.
First, the textile lining is dipped according to process steps c)
and d) into a solution of the first synthetic rubber with a high
viscosity. This produces a first polymer sublayer, which does not
completely penetrate the textile layer and seals the surface of the
textile lining on the outside. In the subsequent dip-coating
according to process steps c) and d), the dipping takes place in a
second solution of the first synthetic rubber with a lower
viscosity, thus contributing to a further build-up of the first
polymer layer. This is good for process-related reasons since
rubber solutions with comparatively low viscosities are easier to
work with when dip-coating from a solution.
[0040] In at least one of the dip-coating procedures, the glove
form is preferably dipped partially at least once and then is
dipped all the way. This makes it possible to achieve uniform layer
thicknesses also with glove forms in which this would not otherwise
be possible due to their geometry, for example in glove forms with
sleeves that widen out in the direction of the glove opening. The
partial dipping is also desired in terms of the degree of
penetration of the textile layer. By initially pre-dipping only the
hand region, it is possible to select a reduced dipping depth. As a
result, the hydrostatic pressure is lower during the first
dip-coating procedure. This effect is particularly observable at
the finger tips. Each dip-coating procedure of the glove form into
the same rubber solution produces another layer of the rubber,
which is referred to as a dipped polymer sublayer. After a dipped
polymer sublayer has been deposited in the first partial dipping
procedure, which seals the textile lining up to approximately the
wrist, then a full dipping can occur, i.e. with a higher
hydrostatic pressure at the fingers, without this disadvantageously
affecting the impregnation depth of the textile lining.
[0041] A preferred embodiment of the present disclosure provides a
method in which the polymer layers are dipped as often and for as
long as necessary until the first polymer layer has reached a
thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 mm and/or the second polymer layer has
reached a thickness of 0.05 to 0.2 mm.
[0042] The vulcanization of the first polymer layer preferably
occurs by means of autoclaving at a pressure of 3 to 5 bar and/or
at a temperature of 60 to 170.degree. C., in particular at a
temperature of 90 to 150.degree. C. A cross-linking of rubbers into
elastomers increases their mechanical resistance significantly. In
addition, the cross-linking reduces the permeation rates within the
cross-linked polymer layers.
[0043] The removed protective gloves may be washed with water to
which tensides have preferably been added. Residues of PVA and/or
starch that are not enveloped by the first polymer layer can thus
be at least partially removed from the textile lining. However, one
advantage in the use of starch as a film-forming polymer lies in
the fact that it is possible to dispense with the use of rinsing
agents when removing the protective glove from the glove form.
Furthermore, the starch can remain in the textile lining without a
significant, negative impact on the wearing comfort, so that it is
possible to dispense with an additional step of washing out the
finished protective glove, thus making it possible to increase
productivity.
[0044] The present disclosure will be described in greater detail
below in conjunction with an illustrative embodiment and with
reference to the figures; some elements that are the same or
similar have been provided with the same reference numerals.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0045] FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of the manufacturing method
of the first illustrative embodiment,
[0046] FIG. 2 is a schematic depiction of the manufacturing method
of the second illustrative embodiment,
[0047] FIG. 3 is a schematic depiction of the manufacturing method
of the third illustrative embodiment,
[0048] FIG. 4 is a schematic depiction of the protective glove
according to the present disclosure,
[0049] FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-section through the composite
material of a protective glove with the glued-in textile
lining,
[0050] FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-section through the detail A of
the first illustrative embodiment,
[0051] FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-section through the detail A of
the second illustrative embodiment, and
[0052] FIG. 8 is an optical microscope image of the cross-section
through the detail A of the first illustrative embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0053] FIG. 1 schematically depicts the manufacturing method of a
protective glove 16 in conjunction with the first illustrative
embodiment. FIG. 2 shows a simplified form of the manufacturing
method, which is explained in greater detail in conjunction with a
second illustrative embodiment. FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of
the manufacturing method. FIG. 4 is a schematic depiction of the
protective glove 16 according to the present disclosure. The upper
part of the protective glove 16 is composed of the fingers 17, the
palm, and the back of the hand and at the wrist 18, transitions
into the sleeve 19 of the glove. The inside of the protective glove
16 is composed of the textile lining 2. The layer structure of the
layered laminate of the two illustrative embodiments will be
described in greater detail in conjunction with detail A in FIGS. 5
and 7.
[0054] The method schematically depicted in FIG. 1 for
manufacturing the first illustrative embodiment includes the
following steps:
[0055] A glove form 1 composed of ceramic is brushed with silicone
oil. Then a textile cotton lining 2 is pulled on over the glove
form 1. A cloth that is impregnated with a PVA solution is used to
apply 3 to 4 coats of the aqueous PVA solution 3 to the textile
lining 2. To produce the PVA solution 3, first 3.75 kg of PVA are
dissolved in 25 liters of demineralized water at 90.degree. C. For
the ready-to-use solution 3, 1 liter of the parent solution was
mixed with 500 ml glycerin and 5 liters of demineralized water. The
PVA solution 3 is in particular applied from the finger tips 20 to
the wrist 18 by wiping with a cloth, leaving out the sleeve of the
glove 19. Then the lining is dried at room temperature. In a heated
dipping case 4, the glove form 1 is dipped into a dipping reservoir
5 of a first solution of a synthetic first rubber 6. The solution
temperature of the solution of the synthetic first rubber 6 is
T.sub.1=30.degree. C. during the dipping.
[0056] The first solution of a synthetic first rubber 6 contains
bromobutyl rubber and toluene as a solvent. No colorants were added
to the first bromobutyl solution 6. The first bromobutyl solution 6
has a viscosity of 100 to 200 s (determined with a 6 mm Ford
beaker) during the dipping. In a first dip-coating procedure, the
glove form 1 is partially dipped into the first bromobutyl solution
6 from the finger tips 19 to the wrist 18 and in the subsequent
dip-coating procedures, is dipped into it all the way, i.e.
including the sleeve 19. In the first dip-coating procedure, the
partial dipping causes a lower hydrostatic pressure to act on the
textile lining, in particular on the fingers 17 and the finger tips
20, than would occur in a complete dipping. It is thus possible to
reduce the penetration of the textile lining 2 by the first
bromobutyl solution 6. After the drying of the first dipped polymer
sublayer thus produced, the surface of the textile lining 2 is
sealed, thus permitting the dipping in subsequent dip-coating
procedures to be carried out with higher hydrostatic pressure at
the fingers 17 and the finger tips 20. The dipping is carried out
as often and for as long as necessary until the dipped polymer
sublayers produced in the individual dipping procedures combine to
reach a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm and thus constitute the
first polymer sublayer 26 of the first polymer layer 25. For the
dipping of the glove form 1 in the bromobutyl solution 6, the
lifting device 7 raises and lowers the dipping reservoir 5. After
each dip-coating procedure, the glove form 1 is dried under
rotation for a period of 30 minutes at 30.degree. C.
[0057] The polymer layer 26 deposited in the first bromobutyl
solution 6 and composed of a plurality of polymer dipped sublayers
(not shown in detail in FIGS. 6 and 7) is white. The glove form 1
is dried for at least 8 hours at 25 to 30.degree. C. in order to
remove the solvent.
[0058] Then, in a second heatable dipping casing 8, a dip-coating
in a second solution 10 of the synthetic first rubber contained in
a dipping reservoir 9 is carried out. The solution temperature of
the second rubber solution 10 is 30.degree. C. The second solution
of the synthetic first rubber 10 thus likewise contains bromobutyl
rubber dissolved in toluene. In addition, the second bromobutyl
solution 10 contains carbon as a colorant. The viscosity of the
second bromobutyl solution 10 is from 50 to 120 s (determined with
a 6 mm Ford beaker). The glove form 1 is dipped into the second
bromobutyl solution 10 in three full-immersion dip-coating
procedures until the dipped polymer sublayers deposited in this way
(not shown in detail in FIGS. 6 and 7) combine to produce the
second polymer sublayer 27 of the first polymer layer 25 and have a
thickness of approximately 0.05 mm. After each dipping procedure,
the glove form 1 is dried under rotation. After the last
dip-coating procedure in the second bromobutyl solution 10, the
glove form 1 is dried for 12 hours at room temperature.
[0059] Then in a heatable dipping casing 11, the glove form 1 is
dipped into a dipping reservoir 12 containing a third rubber
solution 13. Here, too, the glove form 1 is not moved, but instead,
the lifting device 7 moves the dipping reservoir 12. The third
solution of a synthetic third rubber 13 contains a rubber with the
monomers 1,1-difluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene, and
tetrafluoroethylene, e.g. Viton.RTM.. Methyl ethyl ketone is used
as a solvent. The temperature T.sub.2 of the Viton.RTM. solution 13
is T.sub.2=25.degree. C. during the dip-coating procedure.
[0060] After a predefined dipping time, the glove form 1 is removed
from the dipping reservoir 12 and dried for 30 minutes at a
temperature of 25.degree. C. under rotation in the dipping casing
11. The above-described process of dipping in the Viton.RTM.
solution 13 and the subsequent drying procedure are repeated 3 to 5
times until the layer thickness of the Viton.RTM. layer serving as
the second polymer layer 27 is approximately 0.1 mm. In order to
remove the methyl ethyl ketone completely, the glove form 1 is
dried for 12 hours at room temperature. Then, the coated glove form
1 is vulcanized in an autoclave 14 for 120 minutes at a pressure of
3 bar and a temperature of 150.degree. C. Thus, the first polymer
layer 25 and the second polymer layer 28 are jointly vulcanized as
a layered laminate 29 composed of different polymers.
[0061] FIG. 2 shows the manufacturing method of a second
illustrative embodiment. The second illustrative embodiment has
only the first polymer layer 25 and thus constitutes a simplified
form of the first illustrative embodiment described above. Here,
too, the manufacturing method includes preparing the glove form 1,
pulling on the textile lining 2, and coating it with a PVA solution
3. These steps are performed in accordance with the manufacturing
method of the first illustrative embodiment. By contrast with the
first illustrative embodiment, however, dipping is only carried out
in the bromobutyl solutions 6 and 10 according to the manufacturing
method of the first illustrative embodiment. After the last
dip-coating procedure in the bromobutyl solution 10, the glove form
1 is dried at room temperature to completely remove the methyl
ethyl ketone. The coated glove form 1 is then vulcanized in an
autoclave 14 for 120 minutes at a pressure of 3 bar and a
temperature of 150.degree. C.
[0062] FIG. 3 shows a third illustrative embodiment of the
manufacturing method. The difference from the first illustrative
embodiment (FIG. 1) lies in the use of a starch-containing solution
15 in lieu of the PVA solution 3. For example, the
starch-containing solution is a conventional ironing or laundry
starch solution thinned 1:1 with water. Consequently, it is
preferable for PVA and/or starch to be used as the polar polymer
with hydroxyl groups. Before the first dip-coating procedure, the
textile lining 2 in this case is sprayed with the starch-containing
solution and is then dried in an oven (30) until the water of the
starch-containing solution has completely evaporated, for 20
minutes at 80.degree. Celsius in the example. The subsequent
process steps are performed analogously to the first illustrative
embodiment.
[0063] The layer structure of the first illustrative embodiment is
schematically depicted in FIG. 6; dipped polymer sublayers are not
shown in detail. The protective glove 16 according to the present
disclosure and the composite material according to the present
disclosure are composed of a textile layer or the textile lining 2
and the first polymer layer 25, which partially penetrates the
textile layer 2. Consequently, unlike the protective glove with the
glued-in lining 2 schematically depicted by way of example in FIG.
5, the composite material according to the present disclosure does
not have a adhesive agent layer 22. The partial penetration of the
textile lining 2 by the first polymer layer 25 produces a
mechanical entanglement of fibers and rubber, which is fixed in
place in place by the vulcanization of the rubber. In this case,
the penetration only goes so deep, as a result of which the textile
properties of the lining 2 are at least partially preserved.
[0064] The textile layer or textile lining 2 forms the inside of
the glove. The arrow 23 symbolizes the chemical action on the
protective glove 16 from the outside.
[0065] In the first illustrative embodiment, in addition to the
textile layer 2 and the first polymer layer 25, which is composed
of the two polymer sublayers 26 and 27, the layered laminate of the
protective glove 16 is also composed of a second polymer layer 28,
as schematically depicted in FIG. 6.
[0066] The textile lining 2 of the illustrative embodiment contains
cotton fibers. The cotton content is >50%; the lining can be a
cotton blend fabric or a pure cotton knitted fabric. The knitted
fabric is embodied as an interlock knitted fabric and has a weight
of 265 g/m.sup.2 with a yarn count of 30.
[0067] The first polymer layer 25 is composed of bromobutyl rubber
and has a layer thickness of 0.15 mm. This bromobutyl layer 25 not
only acts as a barrier to liquid media, but also has a very low gas
permeability. Consequently, the bromobutyl layer 25 provides
protection from gases such as ammonia or hydrogen chloride. The
second polymer layer 28 contains a fluoroelastomer with the
monomers 1,1-difluoroethylene and hexafluoropropene and possibly
also tetrafluoroethylene, e.g. Viton.RTM.. The Viton.RTM. layer 28
has a layer thickness of 0.1 mm. The combination of the bromobutyl
layer 25 and the Viton.RTM. layer 28 in the layered laminate 29
makes it possible to achieve a protective effect that goes beyond
the cumulative action of the two individual layers. The
illustrative embodiment has long permeation times for a multitude
of compound classes such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, acids, bases,
and polar organic compounds such as amines and polar solvents. The
textile lining 2 simultaneously ensures a high level of wearing
comfort without having a negative impact on tactile sensitivity or
flexibility of the protective glove 16.
[0068] FIG. 8 shows an optical microscope image of the
cross-section A of the second illustrative embodiment described
above. The textile lining 2 forms the inside of the glove. The
bromobutyl layer 25 and the textile lining 2 thus form a composite
material. The white, i.e. uncolored, first bromobutyl sublayer 26
here partially penetrates the textile layer 2 and seals the textile
lining 2 from the outside. The second bromobutyl sublayer 27 that
is colored with carbon is visible over the first bromobutyl
sublayer 26.
[0069] It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the
above-described illustrative embodiment is to be understood as an
example and that the invention is not limited to this, but can be
varied in numerous ways without going beyond the scope of the
invention. It is also clear that the features--regardless of
whether they are disclosed in the description, the claims, the
figures, or in some other way--also define individual, components
of the present disclosure, even if they are described together with
other features.
* * * * *