U.S. patent application number 14/091838 was filed with the patent office on 2015-01-29 for absorbent article having a fastening system with a visual cue.
The applicant listed for this patent is Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.. Invention is credited to David Biggs, Janet E. Collins, Alanna Haessler, Eric D. Johnson.
Application Number | 20150032078 14/091838 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 52391096 |
Filed Date | 2015-01-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150032078 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Collins; Janet E. ; et
al. |
January 29, 2015 |
ABSORBENT ARTICLE HAVING A FASTENING SYSTEM WITH A VISUAL CUE
Abstract
An absorbent article has a chassis, a pair of ears extending
transversely outward from opposite sides of the chassis, and a
fastening system comprising a primary fastening system and a
secondary fastening system. The secondary fastening system includes
a secondary second fastening component located on each of the ears
and a corresponding secondary first fastening component located on
the outer surface of the article at a first waist portion. A
.DELTA.E value calculated using the Color Contrast Test between the
secondary first fastening components uncovered by the ears and the
secondary first fastening components covered by the ears is greater
than 15.
Inventors: |
Collins; Janet E.; (Neenah,
WI) ; Biggs; David; (Neenah, WI) ; Johnson;
Eric D.; (Larsen, WI) ; Haessler; Alanna;
(Appleton, WI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. |
Neenah |
WI |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
52391096 |
Appl. No.: |
14/091838 |
Filed: |
November 27, 2013 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
13953396 |
Jul 29, 2013 |
|
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14091838 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
604/391 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F 13/51496 20130101;
A61F 13/5633 20130101; A61F 13/5638 20130101; A61F 13/15747
20130101; A61F 13/15756 20130101; A61F 2013/8497 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
604/391 |
International
Class: |
A61F 13/62 20060101
A61F013/62; A61F 13/56 20060101 A61F013/56 |
Claims
1. An absorbent article having an inner surface, an outer surface,
a first waist portion, a second waist portion, a crotch portion
extending longitudinally between and connecting the first waist
portion and the second waist portion, the absorbent article
comprising: a chassis having longitudinally opposite ends,
transversely opposite sides, a bodyside liner at least in part
defining the inner surface of the article, an outer cover at least
in part defining the outer surface of the article, and an absorbent
core disposed between the liner and the outer cover; a pair of ears
extending transversely outward from the opposite sides of the
chassis at the second waist portion thereof; and a fastening system
comprising a primary fastening system and a secondary fastening
system, the primary fastening system comprising a primary first
fastening component located on each of the pair of ears and a
primary second fastening component located on the outer surface of
the article at the first waist portion, the secondary fastening
system comprising a secondary second fastening component located on
each of the ears and a corresponding secondary first fastening
component located on the outer surface of the article at the first
waist portion, a .DELTA.E value calculated using the Color Contrast
Test between the secondary first fastening components uncovered by
the ears and the secondary first fastening components covered by
the ears being greater than 15.
2. The absorbent article set forth in claim 1 wherein the .DELTA.E
value calculated using the Color Contrast Test is greater than
20.
3. The absorbent article set forth in claim 2 wherein the .DELTA.E
value calculated using the Color Contrast Test is greater than
25.
4. The absorbent article set forth in claim 1 wherein at least a
portion of each of the ears is elastomeric.
5. The absorbent article set forth in claim 4 wherein the secondary
second fastening component located on each of the ears is
elastomeric.
6. The absorbent article set forth in claim 1 wherein each of the
secondary first fastening components comprises a first color and
each of the ears comprises a second color different than the first
color.
7. An absorbent article having an inner surface, an outer surface,
a first waist portion, a second waist portion, a crotch portion
extending longitudinally between and connecting the first waist
portion and the second waist portion, the absorbent article
comprising: a chassis having longitudinally opposite ends,
transversely opposite sides, a bodyside liner at least in part
defining the inner surface of the article, an outer cover at least
in part defining the outer surface of the article, and an absorbent
core disposed between the liner and the outer cover; a pair of ears
extending transversely outward from the opposite sides of the
chassis at the second waist portion thereof; and a fastening system
comprising a primary fastening system and a secondary fastening
system, the primary fastening system comprising a primary first
fastening component located on each of the pair of ears and a
primary second fastening component located on the outer surface of
the article at the first waist portion, the secondary fastening
system comprising a secondary second fastening component located on
each of the pair of ears and a corresponding secondary first
fastening component located on the outer surface of the article at
the first waist portion, a .DELTA.E value calculated using the
Color Contrast Test between the secondary first fastening
components uncovered by the ears and the outer cover being greater
than 20.
8. The absorbent article set forth in claim 7 wherein the .DELTA.E
value calculated using the Color Contrast Test is greater than
25.
9. The absorbent article set forth in claim 8 wherein the .DELTA.E
value calculated using the Color Contrast Test is greater than
30.
10. The absorbent article set forth in claim 7 wherein each of the
secondary first fastening components comprises a first color and
the outer cover comprises a second color different than the first
color.
11. The absorbent article set forth in claim 10 wherein the outer
cover is white.
12. The absorbent article set forth in claim 7 wherein the entirety
of each of the secondary first fastening components is uniformly
colored with a first color.
13. An absorbent article having an inner surface, an outer surface,
a first waist portion, a second waist portion, a crotch portion
extending longitudinally between and connecting the first waist
portion and the second waist portion, the absorbent article
comprising: a chassis having longitudinally opposite ends,
transversely opposite sides, a bodyside liner at least in part
defining the inner surface of the article, an outer cover at least
in part defining the outer surface of the article, and an absorbent
core disposed between the liner and the outer cover; a pair of ears
extending transversely outward from the opposite sides of the
chassis at the second waist portion thereof; and a fastening system
comprising a primary fastening system and a secondary fastening
system, the primary fastening system comprising a primary first
fastening component located on each of the pair of ears and a
primary second fastening component located on the outer surface of
the article at the first waist portion, the secondary fastening
system comprising a secondary second fastening component located on
each of the pair of ears and a corresponding secondary first
fastening component located on the outer surface of the article at
the first waist portion, a .DELTA.E value calculated using the
Color Contrast Test between the secondary first fastening
components uncovered by the ears and the primary second fastening
component being greater than 20.
14. The absorbent article set forth in claim 13 wherein the
.DELTA.E value calculated using the Color Contrast Test is greater
than 30.
15. The absorbent article set forth in claim 14 wherein the
.DELTA.E value calculated using the Color Contrast Test is greater
than 40.
16. The absorbent article set forth in claim 13 wherein each of the
secondary first fastening components comprises a first color and
the primary second fastening component comprises a second color
different than the first color.
17. The absorbent article set forth in claim 13 wherein the
secondary first fastening component is disposed transversely
adjacent to the primary second fastening component.
18. The absorbent article set forth in claim 13 wherein the
secondary first fastening component is disposed on the primary
second fastening component.
19. The absorbent article set forth in claim 13 wherein the primary
first fastening component comprises a hook fastener and the primary
second fastening component comprises a loop fastener.
20. The absorbent article set forth in claim 19 wherein the
secondary second fastening components each comprise a loop fastener
and the secondary first fastening components each comprise a hook
fastener.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/953,396 filed Jul. 29, 2013, entitled
"ABSORBENT ARTICLE HAVING A FASTENING SYSTEM WITH LOW STIFFNESS",
the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference
in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to absorbent
articles intended for personal wear, and more particularly to
disposable absorbent articles having a fastening system for
selectively fastening and refastening the article about the wearer
wherein the fastening system includes a visual cue for increasing
the noticeability of at least a portion of the fastening
system.
[0003] Many absorbent articles intended for personal wear, such as
diapers, training pants, feminine hygiene products, adult
incontinence products, bandages, medical garments and the like are
designed to be sufficiently absorbent to absorb moisture from
liquid body exudates including urine, menses, blood, etc., away
from the wearer to reduce skin irritation caused by prolonged
wetness exposure. Diapers, as an example, are typically placed and
secured on a wearer using a set of primary fastening tabs, such as
adhesive tabs or mechanical (e.g., hook or loop) fastening system
tabs, and left in place to absorb insults as well as to contain
fecal waste.
[0004] For articles where the attachment is refastenable, such as
diapers and some training pants, pop-opens (separation of the
fasteners) can sometimes occur as a result of stresses placed on
the attachment by movement of the wearer. For example, and
particularly for absorbent articles employing only one fastening
system, as an infant or other wearer of the absorbent article moves
about (e.g., crawls, walks, runs, bends, etc.) the shear stress
placed on the fastening system due to the infant's movement may
cause fastening tabs or the like to loosen or even come unfastened
completely, resulting in an absorbent article which tends to leak,
sag, or fall off of a wearer.
[0005] Accordingly, some known absorbent articles comprise more
than one fastening system and/or fasteners to reduce the likelihood
of the article leaking, sagging, falling off the user, etc. For
example, FIG. 1 illustrates a known diaper, indicated generally at
10, comprising two fastening systems: a primary fastening system
and a secondary fastening system. FIG. 1 depicts the diaper 10 in
an unfolded and laid flat condition to show an outer cover 32 of
the diaper which faces away from a wearer when the diaper is worn.
The diaper 10 has a longitudinal direction 12 and a lateral
direction 14.
[0006] In the longitudinal direction 12, the diaper 10 defines a
front portion 16, a back portion 18, and a crotch portion 20
extending between and connecting the front portion and the back
portion. The diaper 10 also includes a bodyside liner 30 (facing
away from the view depicted in FIG. 1), and an absorbent core 34
located between the bodyside liner and the outer cover 32. The
diaper 10 has opposite longitudinal side edges 28 that extend
between a back waist edge 38 and a front waist edge 40. The diaper
10 also includes a pair of longitudinally-extending leg cuffs 36.
The leg cuffs 36 may be adapted to fit about the legs of a wearer
in use and serve as a mechanical barrier to the lateral flow of
body exudates.
[0007] The back portion 18 of the diaper 10 includes a pair of back
ears, indicated generally at 22. Each ear 22 includes a primary
first fastening component 24 as part of the primary fastening
system used to secure the diaper 10 around the waist of a wearer.
The primary fastening system also comprises a primary second
fastening component 76 for selectively receiving and fastening to
the primary first fastening components 24. For example, the diaper
10 can be selectively moved from an unfastened configuration (as
seen in FIG. 1) to a fastened or wear configuration by attaching
the back waist region 18 (and more specifically the back ears 22)
to the front waist region 16 to define a three-dimensional wear
configuration of the diaper having a waist opening and a pair of
leg openings. More particularly, the diaper 10 can be selectively
moved from the unfastened configuration to the wear configuration
by fastening the primary first fastening components 24 to the
primary second fastening components 76 as is well known in the
art.
[0008] The diaper 10 also includes a secondary fastening system
comprising secondary first fastening components 26 and secondary
second fastening components 78. For example, the illustrated diaper
10 comprises a pair of secondary first fastening components 26 as
part of the front portion 16 of the diaper, with a secondary second
fastening component 78 provided on each back ear 22. In such
configurations, when the diaper 10 is moved to the wear
configuration, the secondary first fastening components 26 engages
the back portion 18 of the diaper (and more particularly, the
secondary second fastening components 78 provided on the back ears
22) such that both the primary fastening system and the secondary
fastening system secure the diaper around the waist of a
wearer.
[0009] However, providing the secondary first fastening components
26 on the diaper 10 may pose drawbacks when the diaper is packaged
or ultimately worn. For example, with respect to packaging, the
diaper 10 may be folded when provided to an end user in a package
as depicted in FIG. 2. Specifically, during manufacturing,
packaging, or the like, the diaper 10 may be first tri-folded by
folding the diaper along or near two longitudinal fold lines 42,
such that the portions of the diaper provided outwardly of the fold
lines (i.e., the portions closest to the longitudinal side edges
28) of the diaper are folded underneath the portion of the diaper
located between the two longitudinal fold lines. When folded
underneath, the portions disposed outwardly of the fold lines 42
may overlap one another underneath a portion of the diaper 10
containing the absorbent core 34. The diaper 10 may then be
bi-folded along or near lateral fold line 44 such that the back
waist edge 38 is generally aligned with the front waist edge 40 in
the folded configuration.
[0010] When the diaper 10 is folded in the conventional manner
described above, the secondary first fastening components 26 (which
are disposed at or inward of the fold line 42) may be partially or
fully disposed on an outside of the folded diaper (as illustrated
in FIG. 2). More particularly, and as best seen in FIG. 1, the
longitudinal fold lines 42 may be provided outward (i.e., closer to
the longitudinal side edges 28) than the edges of the absorbent
core 34. However, because the secondary first fastening components
26 are provided near or even abutting the absorbent core 34, the
diaper 10 will be folded such that the secondary first fastening
components 26 are disposed on or (as illustrated in FIG. 1) even
inboard of the fold lines 42. Thus, when the folded diaper 10 is
ultimately provided in a stack within a package provided to the end
user (as depicted in FIG. 3), the secondary first fastening
components 26 will be disposed on the outside of a diaper and may
engage an adjoining diaper. More specifically, the secondary first
fastening components 26 of a first diaper 10 in a stack may engage
the outer cover 32 of an adjoining diaper. Thus, when removing a
diaper 10 from the stack of diapers for use, a user may have to
forcibly separate the diaper from an adjoining (and attached)
diaper. This may result in delaminating, tearing, etc., one or both
of the adjoining diapers 10.
[0011] Further, because in such a configuration the secondary first
fastening components 26 are disposed on the outside of the diaper
10, the folded diaper may engage other diapers or other objects
during a packaging process. For example, the diaper 10 may be
folded as described and subsequently packaged via, e.g., an
automated process, a machine line, a conveyor belt, an assembly
line, or the like. When the secondary first fastening components 26
are provided on the outside of the folded diaper 10 as is depicted
in FIGS. 2 and 3, during this packaging process (e.g., during
movement down a conveyor belt, stacking the diapers in consumer
packaging, etc.) the diaper may be prone to catching on other
objects and/or other diapers via the exposed secondary first
fastening components. This may cause damage to the diapers 10
ultimately packaged and/or cause delays in the manufacturing or
packaging process.
[0012] Some known diapers avoid such problems by disposing a pair
of fastening components (similar to the depicted secondary first
fastening components 26) at or near a corresponding side edge 28 of
the diaper 10 such that it will ultimately be disposed on an inside
of the diaper when folded as described above. However, when such
fastening components are disposed at or near the corresponding
longitudinal side edge 28, the secondary first fastening component
26 may be prone to engaging a portion the bodyside liner 30 or a
containment flap (not shown) of the diaper 10 when in the folded
state. This may lead to, e.g., delamination or tearing of the
bodyside liner 30 or the containment flap when the diaper 10 is
unfolded for use.
[0013] Further, in such configurations, one of the secondary first
fastening components 26 may engage the bodyside liner 30 and/or a
flap, with the other secondary first fastening component engaging
the outer cover 32. Thus, when a user unfolds the diaper 10, the
user must complete two steps. That is, the user must first separate
a first of the secondary first fastening components 26 from the
outer cover 32 of the diaper 10 (to unfold the diaper along the
lateral fold line 44), and then would need to separate a second of
the secondary first fastening components from the bodyside liner 30
and/or flaps (to unfold the diaper along the pair of longitudinal
fold lines 42). Thus, in such configurations, the diaper 10 may be
difficult to prepare when placing the diaper on a wearer (e.g., an
infant).
[0014] For example, and returning to FIG. 1, if each secondary
first fastening component 26 were disposed at or near a
corresponding side edge 28 of the diaper 10 rather than near the
absorbent core 34, when the diaper is tri-folded as discussed, each
secondary first fastening component would be disposed very near a
center line of the diaper at a location where the front portion 16
of the diaper overlaps itself. In such embodiments, one of the
secondary first fasteners 26 may engage the bodyside liner 30
(and/or a containment flap, not shown) of the diaper at this
overlapping region. In such a configuration, when a user pulls the
folded diaper 10 apart for use (i.e., when the user disengages the
secondary first fastening components 26 from the bodyside liner 30)
the bodyside liner may become delaminated or tear. This may result
in the secondary first fastening components 26 retaining residual
pieces of the torn bodyside liner 30 (leading to a less effective
secondary fastening system), and/or the torn bodyside liner causing
discomfort to the wearer, leaking, and/or being aesthetically
unpleasing to a user of the diaper 10.
[0015] Further, when the secondary first fastening components are
disposed at the overlapping region, a first of the secondary first
fastening components will be disposed below and overlapped by the
front portion 16 of the diaper 10, with a second of the secondary
first fastening components disposed on the part of the front
portion of the diaper which overlaps the first of the secondary
first fastening components and exposed to the outer cover 32. Thus,
when folded along the lateral fold line 44, the first of the
secondary first fastening components 26 will engage the bodyside
liner 30 and/or the flap, while the second of the secondary first
fastening components will engage the outer cover 32. Thus, during
use, a user must first disengage the second of the secondary first
fastening components 26 from the outer cover 32 to unfold the
diaper 10 along the lateral fold line 44, and then must disengage
the first of the secondary first fastening components from the
bodyside liner 30 and/or the flap to unfold the diaper along the
longitudinal fold lines 42. Thus, this configuration adds an
unfolding step for the user as compared to diapers 10 in which both
of the secondary first fastening components 26 engage, e.g., the
outer cover 32.
[0016] Other known diapers thus attempt to diminish the problems
discussed above by disposing the secondary first fastening
components 26 outboard of fold lines 42 depicted in FIG. 1 but
inboard of the longitudinal side edges 28. For example,
Kimberly-Clark de Mexico, S.A.B. de C.V. currently manufactures and
makes commercially available a diaper 10 which comprises a pair of
secondary first fastening components 26 on the front portion 16 of
the diaper 10. See, e.g., Huggies.RTM. ultracomfort diaper with the
no Velcro.RTM. fastening system ("the KC-Mexico diaper"). The pair
of secondary first fastening components 26 of the KC-Mexico diaper
10 are positioned very near (and in some embodiments even abut) the
longitudinal side edges of an absorbent core 34 of the KC-Mexico
diaper. When packaging the KC-Mexico diaper 10, the diaper is
folded along the longitudinal edges of the absorbent core 34 such
that a portion of the secondary first fastening components 26 are
facing an inside of the folded diaper.
[0017] However, because the secondary first fastening components 26
are disposed very near (and in some embodiments even abut) the
longitudinal sides of the absorbent core 34, when the diaper 10 is
folded the entirety of the secondary first fastening components may
not be disposed on an inside of the folded diaper, or,
alternatively, may be disposed inside the folded diaper but very
near or adjacent to a longitudinally extending folded side of the
folded diaper. More particularly, the inboard longitudinal edges of
the secondary first fastening components 26 of the KC-Mexico diaper
10 (i.e., the longitudinal edges of the secondary first fastening
components abutting the absorbent core 34) may be disposed very
near, at, or even inside of the fold lines 42 and thus may be prone
to being exposed outside of the folded diaper along the folded
edges. Thus, the KC-Mexico diaper 10 suffers at least some of the
deficiencies described above, including being prone to engaging
other diapers, objects, packaging, etc., during manufacturing and
packaging the diaper.
[0018] Still further, a stiffness or similar properties of the
secondary first fastening components 26 may lead to discomfort or
decreased mobility for a wearer of the diaper 10. For example, when
wearing the diaper 10, an infant may crawl, walk, run, bend, etc.,
in such a manner that the front portion 16 of the diaper moves,
bends, or otherwise deforms. Thus, if the secondary fastening
system (and more particularly the secondary first fastening
components 26 disposed on the front portion 16 of the diaper 10) is
too stiff, the user may have decreased mobility as the front
portion of the diaper may not be as readily deformed as if the
secondary fastening system was omitted from the diaper. Further, a
relatively stiff secondary fastening system may be uncomfortable to
a wearer with the relatively unpliable secondary first fastening
components 26 providing irritation when the wearer moves.
[0019] There is a need, therefore, for an improved fastening system
provided on an absorbent article which provides for increased
protection against leakage and secure attachment of the absorbent
article without the associated discomfort and/or packaging and
manufacturing drawbacks discussed above.
SUMMARY
[0020] In one aspect, an absorbent article has an inner surface, an
outer surface, a first waist portion, a second waist portion, and a
crotch portion extending longitudinally between and connecting the
first waist portion and the second waist portion. The absorbent
article generally comprises a chassis having longitudinally
opposite ends, transversely opposite sides, a bodyside liner at
least in part defining the inner surface of the article, an outer
cover at least in part defining the outer surface of the article,
and an absorbent core disposed between the liner and the outer
cover. A pair of ears extends transversely outward from the
opposite sides of the chassis at the second waist portion thereof.
A fastening system comprises a primary fastening system and a
secondary fastening system. The primary fastening system comprises
a primary first fastening component located on each of the pair of
ears and a primary second fastening component located on the outer
surface of the article at the first waist portion. The secondary
fastening system comprises a secondary second fastening component
located on each of the ears and a corresponding secondary first
fastening component located on the outer surface of the article at
the first waist portion. A .DELTA.E value calculated using the
Color Contrast Test between the secondary first fastening
components uncovered by the ears and the secondary first fastening
components covered by the ears is greater than 15.
[0021] In another aspect, an absorbent article has an inner
surface, an outer surface, a first waist portion, a second waist
portion, and a crotch portion extending longitudinally between and
connecting the first waist portion and the second waist portion.
The absorbent article generally comprises a chassis having
longitudinally opposite ends, transversely opposite sides, a
bodyside liner at least in part defining the inner surface of the
article, an outer cover at least in part defining the outer surface
of the article, and an absorbent core disposed between the liner
and the outer cover. A pair of ears extends transversely outward
from the opposite sides of the chassis at the second waist portion
thereof. A fastening system comprises a primary fastening system
and a secondary fastening system. The primary fastening system
comprises a primary first fastening component located on each of
the pair of ears and a primary second fastening component located
on the outer surface of the article at the first waist portion. The
secondary fastening system comprises a secondary second fastening
component located on each of the pair of ears and a corresponding
secondary first fastening component located on the outer surface of
the article at the first waist portion. A .DELTA.E value calculated
using the Color Contrast Test between the secondary first fastening
components uncovered by the ears and the outer cover is greater
than 20.
[0022] In yet another aspect, an absorbent article has an inner
surface, an outer surface, a first waist portion, a second waist
portion, and a crotch portion extending longitudinally between and
connecting the first waist portion and the second waist portion.
The absorbent article generally comprises a chassis having
longitudinally opposite ends, transversely opposite sides, a
bodyside liner at least in part defining the inner surface of the
article, an outer cover at least in part defining the outer surface
of the article, and an absorbent core disposed between the liner
and the outer cover. A pair of ears extend transversely outward
from the opposite sides of the chassis at the second waist portion
thereof. A fastening system comprises a primary fastening system
and a secondary fastening system. The primary fastening system
comprises a primary first fastening component located on each of
the pair of ears and a primary second fastening component located
on the outer surface of the article at the first waist portion. The
secondary fastening system comprises a secondary second fastening
component located on each of the pair of ears and a corresponding
secondary first fastening component located on the outer surface of
the article at the first waist portion. A .DELTA.E value calculated
using the Color Contrast Test between the secondary first fastening
components uncovered by the ears and the primary second fastening
component being greater than 20.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] The patent or application file contains at least one drawing
executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application
publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office
upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
[0024] FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a known diaper in an unfolded
and laid flat condition to show an outer surface of the diaper
which faces away from the wearer when the diaper is worn.
[0025] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the known diaper of FIG. 1
in a folded state.
[0026] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a plurality of stacked known
diapers of FIG. 1 with each diaper in the stack being in the folded
state as illustrated in FIG. 2.
[0027] FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a diaper according to one
embodiment of the present disclosure in an unfolded and laid flat
condition to show an outer surface of the diaper which faces away
from the wearer when the diaper is worn.
[0028] FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the diaper of FIG. 4 in an
unfolded and laid flat condition to show an inner surface of the
diaper which faces towards the wearer when the diaper is worn.
[0029] FIG. 6 is a front view of the diaper of FIG. 4 in a wear
configuration with the fastening system not fastened.
[0030] FIG. 7 is a front view of the diaper of FIG. 4 in a wear
configuration with the fastening system fastened.
[0031] FIG. 8A is a schematic illustrating one suitable folding
process of the diaper of FIG. 4.
[0032] FIG. 8B is a schematic illustrating another suitable folding
process of the diaper of FIG. 4.
[0033] FIG. 9A is the diaper of FIG. 4 tri-folded according to the
folding process of FIG. 8A.
[0034] FIG. 9B is the diaper of FIG. 4 tri-folded according to the
folding process of FIG. 8B.
[0035] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the diaper of FIG. 4 in a
folded state.
[0036] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a plurality of stacked
diapers of FIG. 4 with each diaper in the stack being in the folded
state illustrated in FIG. 10.
[0037] FIG. 12 is a top plan view of a portion of the diaper of
FIG. 4 illustrating relative distances from a center line to
various components of the diaper.
[0038] FIG. 13A is the diaper of FIG. 4 tri-folded in a similar
manner as depicted in FIG. 9A, FIG. 13B is a top plan view of the
unfolded diaper of FIG. 4, and FIGS. 13C-13E are cross-sectional
views of various embodiments of the diaper tri-folded, with each
figure illustrating relative distances from a center line to
various components of the diaper.
[0039] FIG. 14 is a top plan view of a diaper according to another
embodiment in an unfolded and laid flat condition to show an outer
surface of the diaper which faces away from the wearer when the
diaper is worn.
[0040] FIG. 15 is a top plan view of a diaper according to still
another embodiment in an unfolded and laid flat condition to show
an outer surface of the diaper which faces away from the wearer
when the diaper is worn.
[0041] FIG. 16 is a top plan view of a diaper according to still
another embodiment in an unfolded and laid flat condition to show
an outer surface of the diaper which faces away from the wearer
when the diaper is worn.
[0042] FIG. 17 is a top view of a portion of a folded diaper with a
length of masking tape attached thereto for engaging with a testing
machine according to some embodiments of the disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 18 is a perspective of the folded diaper of FIG. 17
provided in the testing machine according to a Diaper Opening Force
Test as described herein.
[0044] FIG. 19 is a plot of force v. displacement for a specimen of
a prior art product and a specimen of one embodiment of the present
disclosure product according to the Diaper Opening Force Test.
[0045] FIG. 20 is a plot of compression force vs. compression
distance for a specimen of a prior art product and a specimen of
one embodiment of the present disclosure product according to an
Edge Stiffness Test as described herein.
[0046] FIG. 21 is a perspective of a test specimen provided in a
testing machine according to the Edge Stiffness Test.
[0047] FIG. 22 is a photograph showing a portion of one suitable
absorbent article made in accordance with the present disclosure
having a dark purple secondary first fastening component.
[0048] FIG. 23 is a photograph showing the absorbent article of
FIG. 22 with an ear engaged with and covering the dark purple
secondary first fastening component.
[0049] FIG. 24 is a photograph showing a portion of one suitable
absorbent article made in accordance with the present disclosure
having a light purple secondary first fastening component.
[0050] FIG. 25 is a photograph showing the absorbent article of
FIG. 24 with an ear engaged with and covering the light purple
secondary first fastening component.
[0051] FIG. 26 is a photograph of the absorbent article of FIG. 24
showing an outer cover and strip of loop material of the
article.
[0052] FIG. 27 is a photograph showing a portion of another
suitable absorbent article made in accordance with the present
disclosure having a dark purple secondary first fastening
component.
[0053] FIG. 28 is a photograph showing the absorbent article of
FIG. 27 with an ear engaged with and covering the dark purple
secondary first fastening component.
[0054] FIG. 29 is a photograph showing a portion of another
suitable absorbent article made in accordance with the present
disclosure having a light purple secondary first fastening
component.
[0055] FIG. 30 is a photograph showing the absorbent article of
FIG. 29 with an ear engaged with and covering the light purple
secondary first fastening component.
[0056] FIG. 31 is a photograph showing a portion of a prior art
absorbent article having a light blue secondary first fastening
component.
[0057] FIG. 32 is a photograph showing the absorbent article of
FIG. 31 with an ear engaged with and covering the light blue
secondary first fastening component.
[0058] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding
parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0059] According to some aspects of the disclosure, an absorbent
article is provided which overcomes at least some of the
deficiencies of the conventional diapers described above. More
particularly, according to some aspects of the disclosure, the
absorbent article includes a secondary fastening system in order to
securely attach the absorbent article around the waist of a wearer,
but which comprises improved pliability over known fastening
systems such that the absorbent article remains securely fastened
even as the wearer crawls, walks, runs, bends, etc. The secondary
fastening system may be constructed of suitable materials and
disposed in a suitable position relative to other components of the
absorbent article such that the absorbent article may be readily
packaged or used without the drawbacks of the known diapers
discussed above.
[0060] These features will become more apparent with reference to
the accompanying drawings. FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate one suitable
embodiment of a diaper (broadly, "an absorbent article"), indicated
generally at 110, in an unfolded and laid flat condition to show an
outer surface of the diaper which faces away from the wearer when
the diaper is worn (FIG. 4) and an inner surface of the diaper
which faces the wearer when the diaper is worn (FIG. 5). Portions
of the diaper 110 illustrated in FIG. 5 are cut away to illustrate
underlying structures. The diaper 110 has a longitudinal direction
112 and a lateral direction 114. While the present description will
be made in the context of a diaper 110, it should be understood
that the present disclosure is also applicable to other personal
care absorbent articles, such as adult incontinence garments,
children's training pants, swim pants, and the like.
[0061] In one suitable embodiment, the diaper 110 is a disposable
absorbent article. As used herein, the term "disposable absorbent
article" refers to articles which absorb and contain body exudates
and which are intended to be discarded after a limited period of
use. The articles are not intended to be laundered or otherwise
restored for reuse. The articles can be placed against or in
proximity to the body of a wearer to absorb and contain various
exudates discharged from the body. It is understood that in other
suitable embodiments, the diaper 110 can be reusable. That is, the
diaper 110 can be intended for multiple uses without departing from
some aspects of this disclosure.
[0062] In the longitudinal direction 112, the diaper 110 defines a
front portion 116, a back portion 118, and a crotch portion 120
extending between and connecting the front portion and the back
portion. The diaper 110 includes a bodyside liner 130, an outer
cover 132, and an absorbent core 134 located between the bodyside
liner and the outer cover. The bodyside liner 130, outer cover 132
and absorbent core 134 collectively define an absorbent assembly.
The absorbent assembly can be any suitable shape including, for
example, generally I-shaped as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 or
generally rectangular as illustrated in FIG. 16. As used herein,
reference to the front portion 116 refers to that part of the
diaper 110 which is generally located on the front of a wearer when
in use. Reference to the back portion 118 refers to the portion of
the diaper 110 generally located at the back of the wearer when in
use, and reference to the crotch portion 120 refers to that portion
which is generally located between the legs of the wearer when in
use.
[0063] In the illustrated embodiment, the back portion 118 includes
a straight back waist edge 138 and the front portion 116 includes a
straight front waist edge 140. As used herein, "straight edge"
refers to edges that are substantially free from curves, bends,
angles, notches, or irregularities. It is understood, however, that
the back waist 138 and the front waist 140 may be cut in any
suitable shape as are known in the art (e.g., arcuate). As seen in
FIGS. 4 and 5, the diaper 110 has opposite longitudinal side edges
128 that extend between the back waist edge 138 and the front waist
edge 140. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the side edges 128
include an arcuate portion for defining a portion of a leg opening
during wear of the diaper 110.
[0064] The bodyside liner 130 of the diaper 110, as illustrated in
FIG. 5, defines a body facing surface that is intended to be worn
adjacent and in directed contact with the body of the wearer. The
bodyside liner 130 is suitably compliant, soft feeling and
nonirritating to the wearer's skin. The bodyside liner 130 is less
hydrophilic than the absorbent core 134 and sufficiently porous to
be liquid permeable. The bodyside liner 130 can be manufactured
from a wide selection of suitable web materials, such as porous
foams, reticulated foams, apertured plastic films, natural fibers
(for example, wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (for
example, polyester or polypropylene fibers), or a combination of
natural and synthetic fibers. The bodyside liner 130 is suitably
adapted to isolate the wearer's skin from liquids and moisture held
by the absorbent core 134.
[0065] The outer cover 132 of the diaper 110, which is illustrated
in FIG. 4, defines a garment facing surface which is intended to be
worn adjacent the clothing of the wearer. In one suitable
embodiment, the outer cover 132 is a polyethylene film. In another
suitable embodiment, the outer cover 132 comprises a woven or
non-woven fibrous web layer which has been totally or partially
constructed or treated to impart a desired level of liquid
impermeability to selected regions of the outer cover that are
adjacent or proximate the absorbent core 134. For example, a
clothlike outer cover may be composed of polypropylene spunbond
fabric which is laminated and thermally bonded to a stretch-thinned
polypropylene film. The outer cover 132 may include a microporous,
"breathable" material which permits vapors to escape from diaper
110 while still preventing liquid exudates from passing through.
For example, the outer cover 132 may be composed of a microporous
polymer film or a nonwoven fabric which has been coated or
otherwise treated to impart a desired level of liquid
impermeability. The outer cover 132 can also be embossed or
otherwise provided with a matte finish to exhibit a more
aesthetically pleasing appearance.
[0066] The bodyside liner 130 and the outer cover 132 are generally
joined in facing relationship with the absorbent core 134 located
therebetween. The bodyside liner 130 and the outer cover 132 can be
joined to each other around the outer periphery of the diaper 110
by any means known to those skilled in the art such as adhesive
bonds, ultrasonic bonds, thermal bonds, and the like, and
combinations thereof. As used herein, the term "join", and
derivatives thereof, encompass configurations wherein an element is
directly secured to the other element by affixing the element
directly to the other element, and configurations wherein the
element is indirectly secured to the other element by affixing the
element to intermediate member(s) which in turn are affixed to the
other element.
[0067] As mentioned above, the absorbent core 134 is positioned
between the bodyside liner 130 and the outer cover 132. The
absorbent core 134 is generally conformable and capable of
absorbing and retaining liquid body exudates. The absorbent core
134 can include superabsorbent material, staple fibers, binder
fibers, and the like, and combinations thereof as is known in the
art. The absorbent core 134 may have any of a number of shapes and
sizes. For example, the composite absorbent core 134 may be
rectangular, I-shaped, or T-shaped. The size and absorbent capacity
of the absorbent core 134 should be compatible with the size of the
intended wearer and the fluid loading imparted by the intended use
of the diaper.
[0068] In one suitable embodiment, the diaper 110 may include a
surge portion (not shown) disposed between the absorbent core 134
and the bodyside liner 130. The surge portion serves to quickly
collect and temporarily hold liquids discharged by the wearer and
then release the liquids to the absorbent core 134. Various woven
and nonwoven materials can be used to construct the surge portion.
For example, the surge portion may be a layer of a spunbonded or
meltblown web of polyolefin fibers. The surge portion may also be a
bonded carded web of natural and synthetic fibers. The surge
portion may be a substantially hydrophobic material and,
optionally, can be treated with a surfactant or otherwise to impart
a desired level of wettability and hydrophilicity.
[0069] The diaper 110 includes a pair of elasticized,
longitudinally-extending leg cuffs 136. The leg cuffs 136 are
adapted to fit about the legs of a wearer in use and serve as a
mechanical barrier to the lateral flow of body exudates. In one
suitable embodiment, the leg cuffs 136 can be formed by portions of
the outer cover 132, and/or bodyside liner 130, which extend beyond
the longitudinal sides of the absorbent core 134. In another
suitable embodiment, the leg cuffs 136 can be formed from separate
materials (e.g., stands of leg elastics) joined to the outer cover
132 and/or the bodyside liner 130.
[0070] The diaper 110 may further include a front waist elastic
(not shown) and/or a back waist elastic 146. In the illustrated
embodiment, for example, the diaper 110 has a back waist elastic
146 but not a front waist elastic. The back waist elastic 146 is
arranged to draw and hold the diaper 110 against the wearer,
particularly against the waist of the wearer, as will be more fully
discussed.
[0071] Materials suitable for use in forming leg cuffs 136 and/or
waist elastics 146 are known to those skilled in the art. Examples
of such materials are strands or ribbons of a polymeric,
elastomeric material which are adhered to the diaper 110 in a
stretched position, or which are attached to the diaper while the
diaper is pleated, such that elastic constrictive forces are
imparted to the diaper. The leg cuffs 136 and/or waist elastics 146
may have any configuration which provides the desired performance.
The leg cuffs 136 may be generally straight or optionally curved
(as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5) to more closely fit the contours
of the legs of the wearer. As used herein, "elastic,"
"elastomeric," and the like refer to the ability of a material or
composite to be elongated by at least about 50 percent and upon
relaxation to return to within at least 50 percent of its original
length.
[0072] The leg cuffs 136 and/or waist elastics 146 may be attached
to the diaper 110 in any way known to those skilled in the art. For
example, the leg cuffs 136 and/or waist elastics 146 may be joined
to the diaper 110 by ultrasonic bonding, thermal bonding, adhesive
bonding, and the like, and combinations thereof.
[0073] The diaper 110 may also include a pair of containment flaps
(not shown) that extend longitudinally along the diaper and are
adapted to provide a barrier to the lateral flow of body exudates.
The containment flaps can be connected to the bodyside liner 130 or
other components as is well known in the art. Suitable
configurations of the containment flaps 148 are described, for
example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,599,338 issued Feb. 4, 1997, to K.
Enloe, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by
reference.
[0074] As seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, the back portion 118 of the diaper
includes a pair of back ears, indicated generally at 122. In one
suitable embodiment, the back ears 122 can be formed from
extensions of the bodyside liner 130, the outer cover 132, or
combinations of both the bodyside liner and the outer cover. In
another suitable embodiment, and as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5,
the back ears 122 can be formed as separate components and attached
to the bodyside liner 130, the outer cover 132, or both the
bodyside liner and the outer cover as is known in the art. In the
illustrated embodiment, the back ears 122 are attached to the
body-facing surface of the bodyside liner 130 such that the
attached portion of the ears 122 are disposed between the wearer's
body and bodyside liner when the diaper 110 is worn.
[0075] In one suitable embodiment, each of the back ears 122
includes an elastomeric portion 150, a non-elastomeric portion 152,
and a primary first fastening component 124 mounted to the
non-elastomeric portion (FIG. 5). Each of the elastomeric portions
150 has a proximal edge 154, an opposed distal edge 156, an upper
edge 158, and a lower edge 160. As seen in FIG. 5, the proximal
edge 154 of each of the elastomeric portions 150 is spaced inward
from the respective side edge 128 of the diaper 110 such that a
portion of the elastomeric portion overlaps the bodyside liner 130.
The part of each of the elastomeric portions 150 overlapping the
bodyside liner 130 is bonded (e.g., adhesive bonding, thermal
bonding, both thermal and adhesive bonding) to at least the
bodyside liner. In another suitable embodiment, the elastic
component 150 may be eliminated and the entire back ear 122 may be
constructed from the non-elastic component 152.
[0076] In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the proximal
edge 154 and the distal edge 156 of each of the elastomeric
portions 150 are generally parallel with respect to each other, and
both are straight (i.e., linear). In one suitable embodiment, the
proximal edge 154 has a length from about 2 inches (5.1
centimeters) to about 7 inches (17.8 centimeters), preferably from
about 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) to about 6 inches (15.2
centimeters), and more preferably from about 3.5 inches (8.9
centimeters) to about 5.5 inches (14.0 centimeters). The distal
edge 156 has a length from about 0.25 inch (0.635 centimeter) to
about 6 inches (15.24 centimeters), and preferably from about 1
inch (2.54 centimeters) to about 3 inches (7.6 centimeters).
Further, the ratio of the length of the distal edge 156 to the
proximal edge 154 is suitably from about 1:28 to about 3:4, and,
and preferably from about 1:10 to about 2:3, and more preferably
from about 1:4 to about 1:2.
[0077] Both the upper and lower edges 158, 160 have first segments
162 that are generally parallel to each other and generally
perpendicular to the respective proximal edges 154. Each of the
first segments 162 generally correspond to the part of each of the
elastomeric portions 150 that overlap the bodyside liner 130. In
the illustrated embodiment, the first segments 162 of the upper
edges 158 of the elastomeric portion 150 are spaced from the back
waist edge 138. It is understood, however, that the first segments
162 can be aligned with the back waist edge 138 of the diaper
110.
[0078] Second segments 164 of each of the upper and lower edges
158, 160 are generally coaxial and extend towards each other
generally perpendicular to the first segments 162. In the
illustrated embodiment, the second segment 164 of the lower edge
160 has a length greater than the length of the second segment of
the upper edge 158. It is understood, however, that the second
segments 164 of the upper and lower edges 158, 160 can have any
suitable length.
[0079] Each of the illustrated elastomeric portions 150 includes an
arcuate third segment 166 interconnecting the second segments 164
to the respective distal edge 156. In the illustrated embodiment,
the third segments 166 are generally mirror images of each other.
It is understood, however, that the third segments 166 can have any
suitable shape and that the third segments of the upper edges 158
can have a shape that is different that the shape of the third
segments of the lower edges 160.
[0080] The elastomeric portions 150 of the back ears 122 can be
formed from any type of elastomeric material capable of performing
as described herein. In one suitable embodiment, the elastomeric
material will be stretchable in at least one direction (e.g., in
the lateral direction 114 of the diaper 110 as viewed in FIGS. 4
and 5) and alternatively, the elastomeric material will be
stretchable in two directions (e.g., in both the longitudinal
direction 112 and the lateral direction of the diaper as viewed in
FIGS. 4 and 5). Suitably when the elastomeric material is
stretchable in a single direction, the stretch direction of the
elastomeric material will be oriented so as to provide elastomeric
forces which tend to pull the front and rear portions of the
article towards one another such that the article is maintained
about the waist of a wearer.
[0081] In one suitable embodiment, the elastomeric material from
which the elastomeric portions 150 of the back ears 122 are formed
is capable of being elongated by at least about 50 percent,
alternatively by at least about 100 percent, alternatively by at
least about 130 percent. After elongation to 50 percent (if the
elastomeric material is capable of being elongated to no more than
100 percent) or 100 percent (if the elastomeric material is capable
of being elongated to more than 100 percent), the elastomeric
material suitably recovers to at least about 50 percent of its
original length, alternatively to at least about 80 percent of its
original length. The elastomeric material may be an inherently
elastomeric material, that is, one which is formed in an
elastomeric state, or may be rendered elastomeric through
processing subsequent formation. For example, the elastomeric
material may be heat or pressure activated. The elastomeric
portions 150 of the back ears 122 can be formed from a
stretch-bonded-laminate (SBL) material, a neck-bonded-laminate
(NBL) material, an elastomeric film, an elastomeric foam material,
or the like.
[0082] Each of the non-elastomeric portions 152 of the back ears
122 is attached to a respective one of the elastomeric portions
150, and the primary first fastening components 124 (such as a hook
material) are in turn disposed on the non-elastomeric portions. As
illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the non-elastomeric portions 152 of
the back ears 122 extend in part transversely outward of the
respective elastomeric portion 150 and the primary first fastening
component 124 of each of the non-elastomeric portions are
configured for engaging a loop component disposed in the front
waist region 116 of the diaper 110 in the wear configuration, as
will be discussed more fully.
[0083] As seen best in FIG. 5, each of the illustrated
non-elastomeric portions 152 further comprise a grip region 168
transversely outward of the primary first fastening component 124
for use in manually gripping and manipulating the non-elastomeric
portion and more broadly the respective back ear 122 relative to
the diaper 110. The grip region 168 is non-attachable to the diaper
110. The term "non-attachable" as used in this instance means that
the grip region 168 is not releasably or otherwise removably
attachable to the diaper 110. In one embodiment, the grip region
168 extends transversely outward from the respective primary first
fastening component 124 a distance of at least about 1 mm, such as
in the range of about 1 mm to about 10 mm to provide sufficient
unattached material for readily gripping and pulling on the
non-elastomeric portion 152.
[0084] The diaper 110 can be selectively moved from the unfastened
configuration, as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, to a fastened or
wear configuration as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, by attaching
the back waist region 118 (and more specifically the back ears 122)
to the front waist region 116 using an article fastening system 170
to define a three-dimensional wear configuration of the diaper
having a waist opening 172 and a pair of leg openings 174. Although
the diaper 110 illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7 shows the back waist
region 118 (and more specifically the back ears 122) overlapping
the front waist region 116 upon connection thereto, which is
convenient, the diaper can also be configured so that the front
waist region overlaps the back waist region when connected.
[0085] According to some embodiments, the article fastening system
170 comprises a primary fastening system and a secondary fastening
system. The primary fastening system comprises the primary first
fastening components 124 disposed on the non-elastomeric portions
152 of the back ears 122 and at least one corresponding primary
second fastening component 176 which is adapted for refastenable
engagement to the primary first fastening components. In one
suitable embodiment, an outer surface of each of the primary
fastening components 124, 176 comprises a plurality of engaging
elements. More specifically, the engaging elements of the primary
first fastening components 124 are adapted to repeatedly engage and
disengage corresponding engaging elements of the primary second
fastening components 176 to releasably secure the diaper 110 in its
wear configuration.
[0086] The primary fastening components 124, 176 may comprise any
refastenable fasteners suitable for absorbent articles, such as
adhesive fasteners, cohesive fasteners, mechanical fasteners, or
the like. In one suitable embodiment, the primary fastening
components 124, 176 comprise mechanical fastening components, such
as hook and loop fasteners. For example, suitable hook and loop
components can be provided by interlocking geometric shaped
materials. As used herein, "hook" broadly refers to any suitable
mechanical fastener adapted to engage loop components including,
e.g., hooks, bulbs, mushrooms, arrowheads, balls on stems, stems,
structures having stems that engage foam such as open cell foam or
the like, etc. Other suitable mechanical fastening components
include male and/or female mating components, buckles, snaps, or
the like. In the illustrated embodiment, the primary first
fastening components 124 comprise hook fasteners and the primary
second fastening components 176 comprise a complementary loop
fastener disposed on the outer surface of the outer cover 132.
Alternatively, the primary first fastening components 124 may
comprise loop fasteners and the primary second fastening components
176 may comprise complementary hook fasteners.
[0087] The shape, density, and polymer composition of the hooks and
loops may be selected to obtain the desired level of engagement
between the primary fastening components 124, 176. A more
aggressive hook material may comprise a material with a greater
average hook height and/or a greater percentage of
directionally-aligned hooks.
[0088] In some embodiments, the outer facing surface of the outer
cover 132 of the diaper 110 is suitably constructed to define the
primary second fastening component 176, which is a loop fastener.
That is, the outer cover 132 itself can be formed of a material
that defines the primary second fastening component 176 (e.g.,
vertical filament laminate (VFL) or other suitable material).
[0089] In another suitable embodiment, and as illustrated in FIG.
6, the primary second fastening component 176 can be formed as a
separate component and attached to the outer surface of the
diaper's outer cover 132. More specifically, a strip, indicated
generally at 180, comprising loop fastening material is attached to
the front waist region 116 of the diaper. The strip 180 comprises
an upper edge 182, a lower edge 184, and a pair of side edges 186
connecting the upper and lower edges 182, 184. The upper edge 182
is spaced from the front waist edge 140 and the side edges 186 are
spaced from the respective side edges 128 of the diaper 110.
[0090] The secondary fastening system of the article fastening
system 170 comprises secondary first fastening components 126 and
secondary second fastening components 178. The secondary first
fastening components 126 are disposed on the front portion 116 of
the diaper 110 and are adapted for refastenable engagement to at
least one corresponding secondary second fastening component 178
(e.g., the elastomeric portion 150 of the back ears 122). As best
seen FIG. 6, in some embodiments, the strip 180 may comprise the
pair of spaced-apart secondary first fastening components 126.
[0091] In the illustrated embodiment, the secondary first fastening
components 126 comprise hook fasteners and are configured to engage
the secondary second fastening components 178 in the wear
configuration of the diaper 110. Again, as used herein "hook"
fasteners refers broadly to any suitable mechanical fastener
adapted to engage loop components including, e.g., hooks, bulbs,
mushrooms, arrowheads, balls on stems, stems, structures having
stems that engage foam such as open cell foam or the like, etc. In
one embodiment, the secondary first fastening components 126 may be
constructed of polyethylene or other suitable polymer blends. In
one suitable embodiment, the elastomeric portions 150 of the back
ears 122 are constructed so at least the inner surfaces of the
elastomeric portions define the secondary second fastening
components 178 in the form of loop fastening components (i.e., the
elastomeric portions and the respective secondary second fastening
components are formed integrally). The elastomeric portions 150 in
one suitable embodiment can be constructed of NBL material so that
the elastomeric portions itself defines a loop fastening component.
In another suitable embodiment, the elastomeric portions 150 can be
constructed of VFL material so that the elastomeric portions itself
defines a loop fastening component. It is understood, however, that
the secondary second fastening components 178 may be formed
separate from the elastomeric portions 150 and attached thereto,
such as by adhesive, thermal bonds, ultrasonic bonds, pressure
bonds, or other suitable techniques without departing from the
scope of this disclosure.
[0092] In other suitable embodiments, the secondary first fastening
components 126 may comprise loop fasteners and the secondary second
fastening components 178 may comprise loop fasteners. Further, in
some embodiments the secondary first fastening components 126 may
be a single, integral fastener. For example, in one suitable
embodiment the secondary first fastening components 126 may be a
single, loop fastener, and the secondary second fastening
components 178 may be loop fasteners.
[0093] In one suitable embodiment, the strip 180 comprising both
the secondary first fastening components 126 and the primary second
fastening component 176. In one such embodiment where the primary
second fastening component 176 comprises a loop material and the
secondary first fastening component 126 comprises a hook material,
the strip 180 may be a suitable loop material (forming the primary
second fastening component), and then the hook material may be
extruded onto the loop material at two or more locations forming
the secondary first fastening components.
[0094] In another suitable embodiment, the secondary first
fastening components 126 can be formed separate from the primary
second fastening component 176. In such an embodiment, the primary
second fastening component 176 can be formed to define the strip
180 and the secondary first fastening components 126 can be
attached in overlaying relationship with portions of the primary
second fastening component. In such embodiments, the secondary
first fastening components 126 may be attached to the strip 180
and/or the primary second fastening component 176 using any
suitable means known to those skilled in the art, including, e.g.,
adhesive bonds, ultrasonic bonds, thermal bonds, pressure bonds,
and the like, and combinations thereof.
[0095] In some embodiments, the secondary first fastening
components 126 may be attached to the diaper 110 and/or the strip
180 after the strip has been attached to the diaper 110. For
example, in one suitable embodiment the strip 180 may be first
bonded to the diaper 110 using any suitable means as discussed, and
then the secondary first fastening components 126 may be bonded to
or extruded on the strip. In other embodiments, the strip 180
comprising both the secondary first fastening components 126 and
primary second fastening components 176 can be attached to the
diaper 110 as one single unit.
[0096] According to some embodiments, the secondary first fastening
components 126 and/or the strip 180 may be sufficiently bonded to
the diaper 110 such that a shear force exerted on the secondary
first fastening components and/or the strip during use of the
diaper does not cause the secondary first fastening components
and/or the strip to loosen or completely disengage from the diaper.
For example, in some embodiments an improved adhesive or the like
can be used such that the secondary first fastening components 126
and/or the strip 180 remain securely fastened to, e.g., the outer
cover despite the forces exerted on the fastening system 170 during
use. In such embodiments, the diaper 110 may be less prone to
pop-opens and the edges of the secondary first fastening components
126 and/or the strip 180 may remain flush with the outer cover 132
thus reducing irritation during wear which may otherwise be caused
by a loose secondary first fastener and/or a loose strip.
[0097] When the diaper 110 is moved to the wear configuration with
the primary fastening components 124, 176 engaging one another, the
secondary fastening components 126, 178 may also engage one another
in order to provide increased stability and leakage protection. For
example, because the article fastening system 170 comprises four
engagement points, the diaper 110 will be less prone to pop-opens
when worn. Further, because the secondary fastening components 126,
178 engage each other closer to a side of a wearer than an
engagement point of the primary fastening components 124, 176, the
secondary fastening system secures the diaper 110 nearer the
wearer's sides and legs thus reducing leakage near the leg openings
174 of the diaper. Still further, and again because the secondary
fastening components 126, 178 engage each other near a side of the
wearer, the secondary fastening system may provide increased
stability, thus reducing the occurrence of, e.g., sagging of the
diaper due to movement of the wearer.
[0098] In some suitable embodiments, an appearance of the secondary
first fastening component 126, the secondary second fastening
component 178, and/or the back ears may be configured to provide
suitable visual cues to a user for attaching the diaper 110 to a
wearer. For example and as seen in the illustrated embodiment, a
coloring of the secondary first fastening components 126 may be
such so as to, e.g., increase the noticeability of the secondary
first fastening components on the front portion 116 of the diaper
110. As illustrated in FIG. 4, each of the secondary first
fastening components 126 are a different color than its immediate
surroundings such that it stands out from its immediate
surroundings. It is understood that each of the secondary first
fastening components 126 can have any suitable color (e.g., red,
green, blue, or any combination thereof including white) that
readily distinguishes it from its surrounding area as explained in
more detail below.
[0099] It is contemplated that each of the secondary first
fastening components 126 can be colored in any suitable manner. For
example, the secondary first fastening components 126 can be a
single color or can comprise more than one color (i.e., be
multicolored). The secondary first fastening components 126 can
also be colored uniformly or can be colored in any suitable pattern
(e.g., strips, dots, combinations thereof). It is also contemplated
that various parts or portions of the secondary first fastening
components 126 can be colored. For example, in one suitable
embodiments, the hook material itself is colored. In another
suitable embodiment, a substrate to which the hook material is
attached is colored and the overlying hook material is transparent
for allowing the colored substrate to be readily seen through the
transparent hook material. In yet another suitable embodiment, both
the hook material and the substrate are transparent for allowing an
underlying color (which, e.g., can be printed on the outer cover
132 or the strip 180) to be readily seen through the transparent
hook material.
[0100] In one suitable embodiment, a graphic, background pattern,
etc., may be added or removed from the area surrounding the
secondary first fastening components 126 to increase the
noticeability of each component. In one embodiment, the outer cover
132 or the strip 180 can be have any suitable color that is
different than the color of the color of the secondary first
fastening components 126. In the illustrated embodiment, for
example, both the outer cover 132 and the strip 180 are white and
the secondary first fastening components 126 are dark blue. In
another embodiment, the outer cover 132 and/or the strip 180 are
free from graphics in an area immediately surrounding each of the
secondary first fastening components 126. In one suitable
embodiment, no graphics are located on the outer cover 132 and/or
the strip 180 within 0.5 cm from each of the secondary first
fastening components 126. In another suitable embodiment, no
graphics are located on the outer cover 132 and/or the strip 180
within 2 cm from each of the secondary first fastening components
126.
[0101] Still further, In one suitable embodiment, the opacity of
the pair of back ears 122 and the secondary second fastening
component 178 are configured such that each secondary first
fastening component 126 is visible through a respective one of the
ears 122 when the diaper 110 is in the wear configuration (FIG. 7).
For example, in some embodiments, the back ears 122 and/or the
secondary second fastening components 178 may be transparent or
semi-transparent. In such embodiments, the secondary first
fastening components 126 may be visible through the back ears 122
when the diaper is in the wear configuration so that a user may be
provided with a visual indication of the engagement of each
secondary first fastening component with the respective secondary
second fastening component 178.
[0102] In the illustrated embodiment, these visual cues (i.e., the
coloring or graphical properties of the secondary first fastening
component 126 and/or the opacity of the secondary second fastening
component 178) may assist a user engaging the secondary fastening
system and/or in ensuring the secondary fastening system is
properly engaged in the wear configuration. That is, the visual
cues can assist of user when moving the fastening system 170 from
an unfastened position as seen in FIG. 6 to a fastened position as
seen in FIG. 7. The visual cues also assure the user that the
diaper 110 is properly fastened. More specifically in the
illustrated embodiment, the visual cues assure the user that the
back ears 122 are properly and securely engaged by each of the
secondary first fastening components 126.
[0103] According to some aspects, the secondary first fastening
components 126 may be disposed on the front portion 116 of the
diaper 110 at a position relative to the absorbent core 134,
longitudinal fold lines 142, and/or the longitudinal side edges 128
such that the secondary first fastening components are provided on
an inside of the diaper when folded and such that the secondary
first fastening components engage the outer cover 132 and/or the
back ears 122 of the diaper when the diaper is folded, the benefits
of which will be discussed more fully. This may be more readily
understood with reference to FIGS. 8A-11.
[0104] FIG. 8A illustrates one suitable folding process for the
diaper 110. As seen in FIG. 8A, the diaper 110 may be constructed
from a continuous length of absorbent articles 188. The length of
absorbent articles 188 may be fed in either a machine direction
(i.e., longitudinal direction 112) or a cross-machine direction on
a machine line or the like and folded as depicted and then
separated into individual diapers 110 as is well known in the art.
It is understood that the individual diapers 110 can be separated
from the continuous length of absorbent articles 188 prior to the
diaper being folded.
[0105] The depicted folding process of FIG. 8A comprises a series
of folding steps 190-194 to move the diaper 110 from a
substantially flat configuration (as depicted in FIGS. 4 and 5) to
a folded configuration (as depicted in FIG. 10). In the first
folding step 190, the back ears 122 are folded over on themselves.
More particularly, in the first folding step the outermost portions
of the back ears 122 (i.e., portions of the back ears comprising
the grip regions 168 and at least part of the primary first
fastening components 124) are folded toward the bodyside liner 130.
In some embodiments, the portion of each back ear 122 folded over
in step 190 may engage another portion of corresponding the back
ear which is not folded over. For example, in some embodiments at
least part of the primary first fastening component 124 of each
back ear 122 when folded over may engage a part of the elastomeric
region 150, the non-elastomeric region 152, and/or the secondary
second fastening component 178 provided at each back ear. In one
suitable embodiment, the entire primary first fastening component
124 of each back ear 122 is folded over and engaged with the
secondary second fastening component 178 of the same back ear.
[0106] In the second folding step 191, the folded over back ears
122 are then again folded onto the absorbent components of the
diaper 110 (i.e., the folded over ears are folded over the main
body generally at a location of the longitudinal side edges 128).
At such a step, portions of the folded over back ears 122 may
further overlap portions of the bodyside liner 130. In one suitable
embodiment, no portions of the back ears 122 will engage the
bodyside liner 130 following the second folding step 191 since the
primary first fastening components 124 are engaged with the
respective secondary second fastening components 178.
[0107] Also at the second folding step 191, the front portion 116
of the diaper 110 is folded such that the longitudinal edges of the
front portion overlap one another near a center line 198 of the
diaper. More particularly, a first of the two longitudinal edges
128 of the diaper 110 is folded toward the bodyside liner 130 of
the diaper such that the first longitudinal edge extends past the
center line 198 of the diaper, with the second of the two
longitudinal edges then folded over in a similar manner to form an
overlap region 196 near the center line of the diaper. At the
overlap region 196, a rightmost and leftmost portion of the front
portion 116 of the diaper 110 overlap one another with a portion of
the bodyside liner 130 abutting a portion of the outer cover 132
(as viewed in FIG. 9A). This will be discussed more fully with
reference to FIG. 9A.
[0108] In the third folding step 192, the back portion 118 of the
diaper is folded over in a similar manner to the front portion 116
as folded in step 191. More particularly, a first of the two
longitudinal edges 128 at the back portion 118 of the diaper 110 is
first folded toward the bodyside liner 130 of the diaper 110 such
that the first longitudinal edge extends past the center line 198
of the diaper, with the second of the two longitudinal edges then
folded over in a similar manner to form the overlap region 196 near
the center line 198 of the diaper where a rightmost and leftmost
portion of the back portion 118 of the diaper overlap one another
(as viewed in FIG. 9A).
[0109] As seen in FIG. 8A, at the fourth folding step 193, the
diaper 110 is removed from the length of absorbent articles 188 by,
e.g., cutting the diaper along the back waist edge 138 of the
leading diaper and the front waist edge 140 of the trailing diaper.
The diaper 110 may be cut from the length of absorbent articles 188
at step 193 by any suitable means well known in the art.
[0110] At the fifth folding step 194, the diaper 110 is folded at
or near a lateral fold line 144 such that the back waist edge 138
is generally aligned with the front waist edge 140 in the folded
state (as depicted in FIG. 10). In such a folded state, the diaper
110 is well suited for packaging as is well known in the art. For
example, the folded diaper 110 may be stacked with like folded
diapers (as depicted in FIG. 11) and provided in consumer packaging
for retail sale.
[0111] FIG. 8B illustrates another suitable folding process for the
diaper 110. The depicted folding process of FIG. 8B comprises a
series of folding steps 290-294 to move the diaper 110 from a
substantially flat configuration (as depicted in FIGS. 4 and 5) to
a folded configuration (as depicted in FIG. 10). In the first
folding step 290, the back ears 122 are folded over on themselves,
similar to the first step 190 of the folding process depicted in
FIG. 8A. More particularly, in the first folding step 290 the
outermost portions of the back ears 122 (i.e., portions of the back
ears comprising the grip regions 168 and at least part of the
primary first fastening components 124) are folded toward the
bodyside liner 130. In some embodiments, the portion of each back
ear 122 folded over in step 290 may engage another portion of
corresponding the back ear which is not folded over. For example,
in some embodiments at least part of the primary first fastening
component 124 of each back ear 122 when folded over may engage a
part of the elastomeric region 150, the non-elastomeric region 152,
and/or the secondary second fastening component 178 provided at
each back ear. In one suitable embodiment, the entire primary first
fastening component 124 of each back ear 122 is folded over and
engaged with the secondary second fastening component 178 of the
same back ear.
[0112] In the second folding step 291, the folded over back ears
122 are folded towards the outer cover 132 of the diaper 110 (i.e.,
the folded over ears away from the view depicted in FIG. 8B
generally at a location of the longitudinal side edges 128). At
such a step, portions of the folded over back ears 122 may overlap
portions of the outer cover 132. Thus, unlike a position of the
back ears 122 following the second folding step 191 of the folding
process depicted in FIG. 8A, following the second folding step 291
the back ears will be folded against the outer cover 132 of the
diaper 110.
[0113] Also at the second folding step 291, the front portion 116
of the diaper 110 is folded such that the longitudinal edges of the
front portion overlap one another near a center line 198 of the
diaper in a substantially similar manner as in folding step
191.
[0114] In the third folding step 292, the back portion 118 of the
diaper is folded over in a similar manner to the front portion 116
as folded in step 291. More particularly, a first of the two
longitudinal edges 128 at the back portion 118 of the diaper 110 is
first folded toward the bodyside liner 130 of the diaper 110 such
that the first longitudinal edge extends past the center line 198
of the diaper, with the second of the two longitudinal edges then
folded over in a similar manner to form the overlap region 196 near
the center line 198 of the diaper where a rightmost and leftmost
portion of the back portion 118 of the diaper overlap one another
(as viewed in FIG. 9B).
[0115] As seen in FIG. 8B, at the fourth folding step 293, the
diaper 110 is removed from the length of absorbent articles 188 by,
e.g., cutting the diaper along the back waist edge 138 of the
leading diaper and the front waist edge 140 of the trailing diaper.
As with the folding process depicted in FIG. 8A, the diaper 110 may
be cut from the length of absorbent articles 188 at step 193 by any
suitable means well known in the art.
[0116] At the fifth folding step 294, the diaper 110 is folded at
or near a lateral fold line 144 such that the back waist edge 138
is generally aligned with the front waist edge 140 in the folded
state (as depicted in FIG. 10). In such a folded state, the diaper
110 is well suited for packaging as is well known in the art. For
example, the folded diaper 110 may be stacked with like folded
diapers (as depicted in FIG. 11) and provided in consumer packaging
for retail sale.
[0117] In one suitable embodiment, the folded and stacked diapers
110 (following, e.g., either suitable folding process described
above) can be placed into suitable flexible packaging to define a
compressed package. By "compressed package" it is meant a package
that contains a plurality of diapers 110 wherein the plurality of
diapers have a pre-insertion dimension, measured along at least one
axis, which is greater in length than when the plurality of diapers
are contained in the packaging. For example, if fourteen diapers
110 are assembled into a row having a pre-insertion dimension,
measured along an axis, e.g., the x axis, of 10 inches (254 mm) and
the row of diapers are then compressed by a force of at least 1
pound to a dimension of less than 10 inches (254 mm) when they are
contained in the packaging, then the articles are considered to be
contained in a compressed package. More specifically, the diapers
110 can be compressed and inserted into the packaging. After the
diapers 110 are placed in the packaging, the packaging is sealed.
The compressed diapers 110 try to expand from their compressed
configuration to an uncompressed configuration within the sealed
packaging. The cumulative expansion efforts of the diapers 110
place the packaging under tension. Suitably, the compressed diapers
110 apply between about 1 pound and about 20 pounds of force
against the packaging (i.e., an in-bag force), and more suitably
between about 7 pounds and about 12 pounds. In one suitable
embodiment, the diapers 110 apply about 9 pounds of force against
the packaging 11.
[0118] As a result of such a folding process depicted in FIG. 8A,
the secondary first fastening components 126 will be disposed on an
inside of the folded diaper 110 as illustrated in FIG. 10. Thus,
the secondary first fastening components 126 are not prone to
engaging other objects and/or diapers 110 during manufacturing
and/or packaging of the diaper. Further, when provided in a stack
of similar diapers (as depicted in FIG. 11) the diaper 110 will not
engage an adjoining diaper. Thus, a user of the diaper 110 may
easily remove the diaper from a package or the like without having
to forcibly separate the diaper from an adjoining diaper. Thus may
reduce, e.g., the delamination or tearing of the outside cover 132
of one or more of the stacked diapers 110.
[0119] Further, and because each secondary first fastening
component 126 is offset a sufficient distance from a corresponding
longitudinal side edge 128, the secondary first fastening
components will not engage the bodyside liner 130 when the diaper
110 is in the folded configuration. This may be more readily
understood with reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B. FIG. 9A illustrates
the diaper 110 at, e.g., the fourth folding step 193 as discussed
in connection with FIG. 8A. FIG. 9B illustrates the diaper 110 at,
e.g., the fourth folding step 293 as discussed in connection with
FIG. 8B. Following the fourth folding steps 193, 293 the right
longitudinal side edge 128 of the diaper 110 will overlap the left
longitudinal side edge 128 near the front portion 116 forming the
overlap region 196 (as viewed in FIGS. 9A and 9B). It will be
appreciated that in other embodiments the left longitudinal side
edge 128 may overlap the right longitudinal side edge 128 to form
the overlap region 196 without departing from the scope of this
disclosure.
[0120] Each secondary first fastening component 126 is spaced a
sufficient distance from a corresponding longitudinal side edge 128
such that neither secondary first fastening component is located in
the overlap region 196 following the fourth folding steps 193, 293.
Accordingly, when the diaper 110 is further folded in the fifth
folding steps 194, 294 (i.e., folded along lateral fold line 144 to
the folded configuration depicted in FIG. 10), neither secondary
first fastening component 126 will engage the bodyside liner 130 of
the diaper. Rather, when the diaper 110 is folded about lateral
fold line 144 such that the front waist edge 140 is generally
aligned with the back waist edge 138, both secondary first
fastening components 126 will engage the outer cover 132 of the
diaper (if folded according to the embodiment depicted in FIG. 8A)
or the back ears 122 (if folded according to the embodiment
depicted in FIG. 8B).
[0121] More particularly, if folded according to the process
depicted in FIG. 8A, the rightmost secondary first fastening
component 126 disposed in the right region 197 will engage a
portion of the outer cover 132 in the back portion 118 of the
diaper 110 located in the right region (as viewed in the
accompanying Figures), and the leftmost secondary first fastening
component provided in the left region 195 will engage a portion of
the outer cover in the back portion of the diaper located in the
left region. If folded according to the process depicted in FIG.
8B, the rightmost secondary first fastening component 126 disposed
in the right region 197 will engage a portion of the back ear 122
located in the right region, and the leftmost secondary first
fastening component provided in the left region 195 will engage a
portion of the back ear located in the left region.
[0122] Disposing each secondary first fastening component 126 at a
position such that it is located inside of the folded diaper 110
(as depicted in FIG. 10) and such that it is not located in the
overlap region 196 provides a number of benefits. First, because
the secondary first fastening components 126 are provided on an
inside of the folded diaper 110, they will not engage with other
objects and/or other diapers during manufacturing, packaging,
and/or use of the diaper. Thus, the diaper 110 may be easily
packaged in a stack of diapers (as illustrated in FIG. 11) without
each diaper engaging one or more adjoining diapers, preventing
machine downtime or waste. Further, this may reduce or even
eliminate inadvertent tearing, delamination, etc., of adjoining
diapers when a diaper 110 is ultimately removed from the stack for
use.
[0123] Further, and because the secondary first fastening
components 126 may be disposed outboard of the overlap region 196
following the fourth folding step 193 in some embodiments (i.e.,
the rightmost secondary first fastening component is disposed in
the right region 197 and the leftmost secondary first fastening
component is disposed in the left region 195) the secondary first
fastening components will preferably not engage the bodyside liner
130 and/or a containment flap (not shown) of the diaper 110 when
the diaper is in the folded configuration (FIG. 10). Thus, when the
diaper 110 is ultimately unfolded for use, the secondary first
fastening components 126 will not, e.g., tear the bodyside liner
130 or the flap. This prevents residual portions of the bodyside
liner 130 or flap from remaining on the secondary first fastening
components 126, which would decrease the overall effectiveness of
the secondary fastening system, as well as keeps the bodyside liner
and flap intact to reduce leakage while preserving the aesthetic
appeal of the diaper 110 to a user.
[0124] Still further, and again because the secondary first
fastening components 126 may preferably be provided in the outboard
regions (i.e., left region 195 and right region 197) of the overlap
region 196 following the fourth folding step 193, both secondary
first fastening components will engage the outer cover 132 or the
back ears 122 when the diaper 110 is folded along lateral fold line
144 in the fifth folding step 194. Thus, the diaper 110 will be
more readily kept in the folded state (FIG. 10) until use.
[0125] In some embodiments, the folded and stacked diapers 110 may
be placed into suitable flexible packaging to define a compressed
package (as discussed). In such embodiments, the tension which the
folded and stacked diapers 110 applies against the packaging (i.e.,
the in-bag force) may facilitate the engagement of the secondary
first fastening components 126 with the outer cover 132. More
particularly, the in-bag force may compress the secondary first
fastening components 126 against the outer cover 132 such that most
or all of the surface area of the secondary first fastening
components engage the outer cover. In such embodiments, the folded
diaper 110 may more readily remain in the folded configuration once
removed from the packaging, etc., due to the engagement of the
secondary first fastening components 126 with the outer cover
132.
[0126] One suitable placement of the secondary first fastening
components 126 in relation to other components of the diaper 110 in
order to achieve one or more of the described benefits may be more
readily understood with reference to FIG. 12. FIG. 12 is a
schematic of a portion of the diaper 110 depicted in FIG. 4 with
relative dimensions between the components labeled L1, L2, and L3
for convenience. For example, L1 indicates a distance of the outer
edge 128 of the front portion 116 from a center line 198 which is
coaxially aligned with the longitudinal axis of the diaper 110; L2
indicates a distance of an inboard edge of one of the secondary
first fastening components 126 from the center line; and L3
indicates a narrowest lateral distance of a longitudinally
extending edge of the absorbent core 134 located in the front
portion of the diaper from the center line.
[0127] In some embodiments, a ratio of L2:L1, L2:L3, and/or L1:L3
may be appropriately configured such that the diaper 110 exhibits
one or more benefits described. For example, in some embodiments
the ratio of L2:L1 and L2:L3 may be appropriately configured so,
when folded, the secondary first fastening components 126 are
provided on an inside of the diaper 110 and outboard of the overlap
region 196 such that the secondary first fastening components are
not externally exposed and such that the secondary first fastening
components engage the outer cover 132 or the back ears 122 (and not
a bodyside liner 130) of the folded diaper.
[0128] For example, in some embodiments, the diaper may be
constructed such that the ratio of L2:L1 (i.e., the ratio of a
distance from the center line 198 to an inboard edge of the
secondary first fastening component 126 compared to a distance from
the center line to the outer edge 128 of the front portion 116 of
the diaper 110) is at least 0.50 and is less than 1.00. Preferably,
the diaper 110 may be constructed such that the ratio of L2:L1 is
between 0.50 and 0.80, and more preferably between 0.50 and 0.70,
and even more preferably between 0.50 and 0.65.
[0129] Further, in some embodiments, the diaper 110 may be
constructed such that the ratio of L2:L3 (i.e., the ratio of the
distance from the center line 198 to the inboard edge of the
secondary first fastening component 126 compared to a distance from
the center line to an outer edge of the absorbent core 134) is
greater than 1.15. Preferably, the diaper 110 may be constructed
such that the ratio of L2:L3 is between 1.15 and 1.80, and more
preferably between 1.15 and 1.70, and even more preferably between
1.15 and 1.60.
[0130] Another suitable placement of the secondary first fastening
components 126 in relation to other components of the diaper 110 in
order to achieve one or more of the described benefits may be more
readily understood with reference to FIGS. 13A and 13B. FIGS. 13A
and 13B depict bolded lines 200 which indicate an appropriate range
on the front portion 116 of the diaper 110 in which to dispose the
secondary first fastening components 126 according to some
embodiments such that they exhibit one or more of the benefits
described. Although the bolded lines 200 are only depicted on the
right side of the front portion 116 of the diaper 110 in FIG. 13B,
one skilled in the art will appreciate that the diaper may be
symmetrical about its center line 198 such that the secondary first
fastening component 126 disposed on the left side of the front
portion of the diaper will be disposed in a substantially similar
range from the center line 198.
[0131] As shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, an appropriate lateral
region, G, to position an inboard-most longitudinal side of the
secondary first fastening component 126 may be defined in relation
to a distance from the center line 198 to the side edge 128 at the
front portion 116, A, a distance from the center line to the
longitudinal edge of the absorbent core 134, B, a distance from the
center line to the longitudinal fold line 142, C, a distance from
the center line to the inboard longitudinal edge of the secondary
first fastening component, D, a width of the secondary first
fastening component, E, and/or a distance from the longitudinal
fold line to the side edge at the front portion, F.
[0132] For example, in some embodiments the diaper 110 may be
constructed such that an inner region boundary, H (i.e., an inboard
side of the lateral region G) is disposed from the center line 198
a distance equal to the distance from the center line 198 to the
longitudinal fold line 142, C, plus 6 millimeters (i.e., H=C+6 mm).
Further, the lateral region, G, may be defined as having a width
equal to two times the distance from the center line 198 to the
longitudinal fold line 142, C, less the distance from the
longitudinal fold line to the side edge 128 at the front portion
116, F, less 6 millimeters (i.e., G=2*C-F-6 mm). Accordingly, the
diaper 110 may be constructed such that the outer region boundary,
J (i.e., an outboard side of the lateral region, G) is disposed
from the center line 198 a distance equal to the distance from the
center line 198 to the longitudinal fold line 142 plus 6
millimeters, H, plus the width of the lateral region, G (i.e.,
J=H+G). In embodiments where the distance from the center line 198
to the longitudinal fold line 142 plus 6 millimeters, H, plus the
width of the lateral region, G, is greater than the distance from
the center line to the side edge 128 at the front portion 116, A,
less 6 millimeters, the outer region boundary, J, may alternatively
be defined as the distance from the center line to the side edge at
the front portion, A, less 6 millimeters (i.e., J=A-6 mm).
[0133] In other suitable embodiments, the inner region boundary, H
(i.e., an inboard side of the lateral region G) may be defined
according to a relative location of the longitudinal fold lines 142
to the longitudinally extending center line 198. For example, in
embodiments where the longitudinal fold lines 142 are disposed very
near or even within the absorbent core 134, a inboard-most
longitudinal edge of the secondary first fastening components 126
may need to be spaced further outboard so that the secondary first
fasteners will be folded within the diaper 110 than in embodiments
where the longitudinal fold lines are spaced farther apart from the
absorbent core. That is, because the absorbent core 134 may have a
non-negligible thickness, in embodiments where the longitudinal
foldlines 142 are very near or within the absorbent core, when the
diaper 110 is folded along the longitudinal fold lines the diaper
wraps around the thickness of the absorbent core. Thus, the
secondary first fastening components 126 may need to be spaced from
the longitudinal fold lines 142 a distance equal to the thickness
of the absorbent core 134 plus a predetermined process range to
ensure the secondary first fastener is sufficiently included within
the folded diaper 110. However, when the longitudinal fold lines
142 are spaced farther away from the absorbent core 134, the diaper
110 does not wrap around the thickness of the absorbent core at a
location of the fold lines, and thus the inboard-most edge of the
secondary first fastening components 126 may be disposed nearer the
fold lines and still be entirely disposed within the diaper in the
folded state.
[0134] This may be more readily understood with reference to FIGS.
13C-13E. First, FIG. 13C illustrates a cross-sectional view of the
diaper 110 wherein the longitudinal fold lines 142 are spaced
sufficiently far away from the absorbent core 134, such that a
thickness of the absorbent core will not affect or only negligibly
affect a location of the secondary first fastening components in
the folded configuration. Specifically, the longitudinal fold lines
142 are sufficiently spaced from the center line 198 such that,
when the diaper 110 is folded, the diaper does not have to "wrap
around" the absorbent core 134. In such embodiments, the inner
region boundary, H, of the lateral region, G, may be configured
such that an inboard longitudinal edge of the secondary first
fastening components 126 (i.e., the outboard most edges of each in
the folded state) are disposed no closer to the center line than a
predetermined process range distance from the longitudinal fold
lines. That is, the inner region boundary, H, may be defined as the
distance from the center line 198 to the longitudinal fold line, C,
plus a predetermined process range, PR (i.e., H=C+PR). Preferably,
the predetermined process range is about six millimeters.
[0135] However, when the fold lines 142 are disposed nearer the
absorbent core 134, as depicted in FIG. 13D, the diaper 110 will
need to "wrap around" the edges of the absorbent core when folded.
Thus, in order to space the secondary first fasteners 126 a same
distance from the folded edge of the diaper 110 as in, e.g., FIG.
13C, a thickness of the absorbent core, t, must be taken into
account when calculating the inner region boundary, H. Thus, in
such embodiments, the inner region boundary, H, may be defined as
the distance from the center line 198 to the longitudinal fold
line, C, plus the thickness of the absorbent core, t (e.g., a
dimension of the absorbent core perpendicular to both the
longitudinal and lateral directions 112, 114) such that the diaper
110 can sufficiently wrap around the absorbent core, plus the
predetermined process range, PR (i.e., H=C+t+PR). Again, the
predetermined process range is preferably about six
millimeters.
[0136] In still other embodiments, and as best viewed in FIG. 13E,
the longitudinal fold lines 142 may be disposed within the
absorbent core 134. In such configurations, the absorbent core 134
will be folded on itself at the longitudinal fold line 142, such
that, in order to space the secondary first fasteners 126 a same
distance from the folded edge of the diaper 110 as in, e.g., FIG.
13C, two times the thickness of the absorbent core, t, must be
taken into account when calculating the inner region boundary, H.
Thus, in such embodiments, the inner region boundary, H, may be
defined as the distance from the center line 198 to the
longitudinal fold line, C, plus two times the thickness of the
absorbent core, t, such that the absorbent core 134 can
sufficiently fold on top of itself, plus the predetermined process
range, PR (i.e., H=C+2*t+PR). Again, the predetermined process
range is preferably about six millimeters.
[0137] In any embodiment, the outer region boundary, J (i.e., an
outboard side of the lateral region, G) can be defined generally as
less than the distance from the center line 198 to the side edge
128 at the front portion 116, A (i.e., J<A). That is, placing
the secondary first fasteners 126 at the longitudinal edge 128 of
the diaper 110 may, e.g., cause the secondary first fasteners to
engage an undesirable location of the folded diaper (as discussed),
may cause irritation to a wearer (because, e.g., each fastener may
rub against the wearer's leg during wearing of the diaper), and/or
may interfere with a bonding of the bodyside liner 130 and the
outer cover 132 at a perimeter of the diaper. Thus, the outer
region, J, of the lateral distance, G, may be sufficiently spaced
apart from the longitudinal side 128 of the diaper 110 (i.e.,
J<A) such that one or more of these drawbacks may be eliminated.
For example, in some embodiments, the outer region, J, may be
defined as the distance from the center line 198 to the side edge
128 at the front portion 116, A, less six millimeters (i.e., J=A-6
mm). In other embodiments, the outer region, J, may be defined as
the distance from the center line 198 to the side edge 128 at the
front portion 116, A, less ten millimeters (i.e., J=A-10 mm). In
still other embodiments, the outer region, J, may be defined as the
distance from the center line 198 to the side edge 128 at the front
portion 116, A, less fifteen millimeters (i.e., J=A-15 mm) or even
less twenty millimeters (i.e., J=A-20 mm) or even less twenty-five
millimeters (i.e., J=A-25 mm).
[0138] In one suitable embodiment, a distance from the center line
198 to the side edge 128 at the front portion 116, A, may
preferably be in a range of 100 millimeters to 175 millimeters.
Further, inner region boundary, H (i.e., an inboard side of the
lateral region G) may be greater than 58.5 mm, and less than 70.5
mm. Preferably, the inner region boundary, H, may be greater than
60.0 mm and less than 65.0 mm, and even more preferably greater
than 61.0 mm and less than 62.0 mm. Further, the outer region
boundary, J (i.e., an outboard side of the lateral region, G) may
be greater than 81.5 mm and less than 99 mm. Preferably, the outer
region boundary, J, may be greater than 85 mm and less than 90 mm,
and even more preferably greater than 86 mm and less than 88
mm.
[0139] Accordingly, for a given diaper 110 with known dimensions of
various components (e.g., a distance from a center line 198 of the
diaper to the edge of the absorbent core 134, the longitudinal fold
line 142, the edge of the diaper 128, etc.) an appropriate lateral
region for positioning the secondary first fastening component 126
may be readily determined. When the secondary first fastening
component 126 is disposed in this region (i.e., when disposed in
the lateral region, G, as depicted in FIGS. 13A and 13B), the
secondary first fastening component may exhibit one or more of the
benefits as described herein.
[0140] Turning now to FIG. 14, another suitable embodiment of the
diaper 110 according to some aspects of the disclosure is
illustrated. Specifically, FIG. 14 depicts the diaper 110 in an
unfolded and laid flat condition to again show the outer surface of
the diaper which faces away from the wearer when the diaper is
worn. In the depicted embodiment, the majority of the operable
aspects of the diaper 110 are the same or substantially similar to
the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 4-9 and as described herein.
However, rather than providing secondary first fastening components
126 on the strip 180 as described, in the embodiment depicted in
FIG. 14 the pair of secondary first fastening components are
disposed directly on the outer cover 132.
[0141] More particularly, in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 14,
the diaper 110 comprises a strip 280 which includes the primary
secondary fastening component 176 and which is shorter in the
lateral direction 114 than the strip 180. Unlike the strip 180, the
strip 280 does not comprise the secondary first fastening
components 126. Rather, the longitudinal edges 286 of the strip 280
are disposed inboard (i.e., closer to the center line 198 of the
diaper 110) of the secondary first fastening components 126. Thus,
and unlike the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4 where the secondary
first fastening components 126 and the strip 180 may be formed as a
single unit (e.g., a one piece extruded strip), in this embodiment
the secondary first fastening components 126 will be formed
separate from the strip 280 and attached directly to the outer
cover 132 of the diaper 110.
[0142] FIG. 15 illustrates yet another suitable embodiment of the
diaper 110 according to some aspects of the disclosure. Again, FIG.
15 depicts the diaper 110 in an unfolded and laid flat condition to
show the outer surface of the diaper which faces away from the
wearer when the diaper is worn. And again, the majority of the
operable aspects of the diaper 110 are the same or substantially
similar to the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 4-9 and FIG. 14.
[0143] However, in this embodiment, each of the secondary first
fastening components 126 are provided on a corresponding carrier
202 which is then attached to or otherwise provided on the outer
cover 132. As with the embodiment depicted in FIG. 14, in this
embodiment the outer edges 286 of the strip 280 are disposed
inboard of the secondary first fastening components 126. However,
rather than attaching or otherwise providing the secondary first
fastening components 126 directly to the outer cover 132, each
secondary first fastening component is intermediately attached to a
respective carrier 202 which is then embedded or otherwise attached
to the outer cover using any of the discussed methods.
[0144] FIG. 16 illustrates yet another suitable embodiment of the
diaper 110 according to some aspects of the disclosure. Once again,
FIG. 16 depicts the diaper 110 in an unfolded and laid flat
condition to show the outer surface of the diaper which faces away
from the wearer when the diaper is worn. As with the embodiments
depicted in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, the majority of the operable
aspects of the diaper 110 are the same or substantially similar to
the embodiments depicted in the FIGS. 4-9.
[0145] However, in this embodiment, each of the secondary first
fastening components 126 are provided on a corresponding carrier
302 which is then attached to or otherwise provided on the outer
cover 132. Further, in this embodiment, outer edges 386 of a strip
380 (which includes primary second fastening component 176) overlap
and attach to the carriers 302. That is, the innermost longitudinal
edge 304 of each carrier 302 is disposed inboard of a corresponding
outer edge 386 of the strip 380. In such embodiments, the carriers
302 may be embedded or otherwise provided to the outer cover 132 of
the diaper with the strip 380 overlapping and attached to each of
the carriers at a location near the outer edges 386 of the
strip.
[0146] In one suitable embodiment, the secondary fastening system
(and in particular, the secondary first fastening components 126),
the back ears 122 (and more particularly, the secondary second
fastening component 178), and/or the outer cover 132 of the diaper
110 may be configured such that a peel force (i.e., a force applied
by a user or the like of the diaper) needed to disengage the
secondary first fastening components from the secondary second
fastening components when the diaper is in the wear configuration
is much higher than the peel force needed to disengage the
secondary first fastening components from the outer cover when the
diaper is in the folded configuration. As discussed, when the
diaper 110 is provided in the folded configuration, the secondary
first fastening components 126 engage the outer cover 132 such that
the secondary first fastening components are not exposed to an
outside of the diaper and such that the engagement of the secondary
first fastening components with the outer cover helps keep the
diaper in the folded configuration. However, if the bond between
the secondary first fastening components 126 and the outer cover
132 is too great, when the diaper 110 is unfolded for use, the
outer cover may tear, delaminate, etc. This may lead to residual
pieces of the outer cover 132 remaining on the secondary first
fastening components 126 (thus decreasing the effectiveness of the
secondary first fastening components) as well as a torn diaper 110
which may leak, provide discomfort to a wearer, and/or which may be
aesthetically unappealing to a user.
[0147] Accordingly, in some embodiments the components of the
diaper 110 are configured such that less peel force is needed to
disengage the secondary first fastening components 126 from the
outer cover 132 to unfold the diaper than is needed to disengage
the secondary first fastening components from the back ears 122
(and more particularly from the secondary second fastening
components 178). Thus, during use of the diaper 110, less peel
force is required to unfold the diaper for use than is needed to
remove the diaper from the wear configuration. The lower peel force
needed to unfold the diaper 110 makes the diaper easy to open for
use without damaging the diaper while the higher peel force needed
to remove the diaper from a wearer ensures the diaper remains
securely fastened to the wearer over time notwithstanding the
wearer crawling, walking, running, bending, etc.
[0148] In some embodiments, this may be accomplished by configuring
the secondary first fastening components 126, the secondary second
fastening components 178, and/or the outer cover 132 of the diaper
110 to achieve the desired engagement properties. For example, in
embodiments where the secondary fastening system is a hook and loop
fastening system (i.e., embodiments where the secondary first
fastening components 126 comprise hook fasteners and the secondary
second fastening components 178 comprise loop fasteners), the loop
properties of the outer cover 132 may be reduced such that the bond
between the hooks of the secondary first fastening components and
the outer cover is less than the bond between the hooks of the
secondary first fastening components and the loops of the secondary
second fastening components. Further, in embodiments where the
secondary fastening system is an adhesive system, the outer cover
132 may be modified to reduce its attachment properties in an area
which engages the secondary first fastening components 126 when in
the folded state. For example, in some embodiments a release
coating may be applied to the outer cover 132 in the area which
engages the secondary first fastening components 126 when in the
folded state. In other embodiments, a polymer may be selected for
the outer cover 132 which comprises the desired attachment
properties, and/or one or more polymer additives (such as, e.g.,
euricimide) may be added to the outer cover 132. Still further, in
embodiments where the secondary fastening system is a cohesive
system, the outer cover 132 may be coated sparingly (or in some
embodiments not at all) with a cohesive in order to lower the
engagement between the secondary first fastening components 126 and
the outer cover when in the folded configuration.
[0149] This may be more readily understood with reference to a
particular example. In some embodiments, the secondary first
fastening components 126 may be configured such that it is a
Velcro.RTM. or similar polyethylene hook, the secondary second
fastening components 178 may be configured such that it is made of
NBL, and the outer cover 132 may be constructed such that it is an
online laminated outer cover with diamond on diamond bonded
spunbond facing. In such embodiments, less peel force is needed to
disengage the secondary first fastening components 126 from the
outer cover 132 of the diaper 110 when in the folded configuration
than is needed to disengage the secondary first fastening
components from the secondary second fastening components 178 when
in the wear configuration. Further, in some embodiments less peel
force is needed to disengage the secondary first fastening
components 126 from the outer cover 132 than fastening components
engage the outer cover of known diapers when in the folded
configured.
[0150] An experiment was conducted (the "Diaper Opening Force
Test") to test the peel force needed to disengage the above
described configuration of the secondary first fastening components
126 from the outer cover 132 as compared to the peel force needed
to disengage known secondary first fastening components from the
outer cover of a known diaper (i.e., the KC-Mexico diaper). The
KC-Mexico diaper disposes each of the pair of fasteners very near a
corresponding longitudinal edge of the absorbent core and a
corresponding longitudinal fold line such that part of the pair of
fasteners engages the outer cover of the KC-Mexico diaper when in
the folded configuration (as discussed). The peel force needed to
disengage the novel secondary first fastening components 126
described from the outer cover 132 of the diaper 110 was compared
to the peel force needed to disengage the pair of fasteners from
the outer cover of the KC-Mexico diaper. The results of the
experiment showed that much less force was needed to disengage the
secondary first fastening components 126 from the outer cover 132
than was needed to disengage the pair of fasteners from the outer
cover of the KC-Mexico diaper, thus resulting in decreased tearing,
delamination, etc., of the outer cover of the diaper.
[0151] The experiment was conducted using a MTS Sintech.RTM.
tensile frame (serial no. 1G/040696/099) purchased from MTS System
Corporation located at 14000 Technology Drive, Eden Prairie, Minn.
(hereinafter "the machine"). The machine was configured with a 100
Newton D72795 load cell and upper and lower jaws one inch wide by
three inches long. Each of these components were similarly
purchased from MTS System Corporation. Each test specimen was
outfitted (as will be more fully discussed) with two lengths of one
inch wide Scotch.RTM. 234 masking tape manufactured and made
commercially available by 3M.
[0152] Turning now to FIGS. 17 and 18, during testing, a test
specimen 400 (i.e., the folded diaper 110 or the folded KC-Mexico
diaper) was removed from its packaging without unfolding the
specimen (e.g., without disengaging the secondary first fastening
components 126 from the outer cover 132 of the folded diaper 110).
Two pieces of the one inch wide Scotch.RTM. 234 masking tape 412
were cut 6.5 inches long. A first of the two pieces of cut masking
tape 412 was applied to a front portion 402 of each specimen (i.e.,
a portion of the folded diaper facing upwards in FIGS. 2 and 10)
and a second of the two pieces of masking tape was applied to a
back portion 404 of each specimen (i.e., a portion of the folded
diaper facing downwards in FIGS. 2 and 10). More specifically, and
as best seen in FIG. 17, the first of the two pieces of masking
taper 412 was placed on the front portion 402 of the specimen 400
across a lateral length of the specimen at a distance of
approximately one inch from a waist edge 408 of the specimen at
both longitudinal sides 410 of the specimen and at a distance of
approximately 1.25 inches from the waist edge at a center of the
specimen.
[0153] At the center of the specimen 400, the masking tape 412 was
folded into a loop 414 for engagement with an upper jaw 416. More
particularly, a 1.25 inch loop 414 was formed at the center of the
specimen 400 using the middle 2.5 inches of the masking tape 412.
The above procedure was repeated with the second of the two pieces
of masking tape 412 such that a second loop 414 was formed and
disposed on at a substantially similar position on the back portion
404 of the specimen and configured to engage a lower jaw 418 of the
machine.
[0154] A distance between the upper jaw 416 and the lower jaw 418
on the machine (i.e., the gauge length) was set at 1.5 inches.
Next, the loops 414 provided on the front and back portions 402,
404 were clamped into the upper and lower jaws 416, 418,
respectively. Specifically, approximately the outermost 0.75 inch
of the loop 414 provided on the front portion 402 of the specimen
400 was clamped into the center of the upper jaw 416, and
approximately the outermost 0.75 inch of the loop provided on the
bottom side of the specimen was clamped into the center of the
lower jaw 418. Each loop 414 was clamped into the respective jaw
416, 418 without breaking the bond between the front and back sides
of the specimen (e.g., without disengaging the secondary first
fastening component 126 from the outer cover 132) and without
disengaging the masking tape 412 from the outer cover of the
specimen.
[0155] Next, the machine was operated such that the upper jaw 416
traveled upward at a speed of 305 millimeters per minute until the
front side of the folded specimen 400 became disengaged from the
back side of the folded specimen (e.g., until the secondary first
fastening components 126 became disengaged from the outer cover
132). Data was then recorded on a computer for force versus
displacement (travel distance of the upper jaw 416) using software
called TestWorks.RTM. v4.12C provided by MTS System Corporation.
The force was recorded to the nearest 0.1 grams-force (gf). The
peak load (e.g., the highest force reading) for each tested
specimen is thus representative of a typical peel force needed to
unfold each tested specimen (e.g., disengage the secondary first
fastening components 126 from the outer cover 132).
[0156] The above described experiment was performed for a plurality
of specimens 400 of the diaper 110 comprising the above described
properties for each of the secondary first fastening components 126
and the outer cover 132, as well as a plurality of specimens of the
KC-Mexico diaper. The experiment revealed that the peak loads
(i.e., a load indicative of a peel force needed to unfold the
product) for the KC-Mexico diaper were much higher than the peak
loads experienced by the diaper 110 configured as described. More
specifically, in the experiment ten specimens of each product were
tested with an average peak load of the ten KC-Mexico diapers being
135.5 gf with a standard deviation of 26.1 gf, and an average peak
load of the ten diapers according to the disclosure being 91.4 gf
with a standard deviation of 13.5 gf. Further, a maximum of the
peak loads measured for the KC-Mexico diaper was 176.75 gf, while a
maximum of the peak loads measured for the diaper 110 was 116.6
gf.
[0157] Table 1 below is the results of the Diaper Opening Force
Test for the KC-Mexico diaper and for the product according to the
present disclosure.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 KC-Mexico Diaper and present disclosure
product Diaper Opening Force Test results Peak Load - Peak Load -
Embodiment of the Spec. KC-Mexico (gf) disclosure (gf) 1 176.75
(max) 80.72 2 122.44 106.36 3 173.89 87.62 4 166.80 94.63 5 118.79
70.24 6 124.64 89.42 7 117.69 90.57 8 108.62 79.68 9 117.71 116.60
(max) 10 176.75 97.78 Average 135.50 91.36 Peak Load Standard 26.12
13.45 Deviation
[0158] In some suitable embodiments, the secondary first fastening
components 126 may not engage the back waist region (e.g., outer
cover 132, ears 122, etc.) with any force. For example, in some
embodiments (and as discussed) the secondary first fastening
components 126 may comprise one or more loop fasteners, and the
secondary second fastening components 178 may comprise hook
fasteners. In such embodiments, the hook fasteners of the secondary
second fastening components 178 may be folded over before the
diaper 110 is folded along the lateral fold line 144 (as discussed
in connection with the various folding processes described above).
Accordingly, when the diaper 110 is ultimately folded along lateral
fold line 144, the loop fasteners of the secondary first fastening
components may engage the back waist portion with little or no
force. In such embodiments, the Diaper Opening Test would indicate
a very small peak force or even a zero peak force is needed to
unfold the diaper.
[0159] FIG. 19 illustrates a plot of force vs. displacement for one
example of the Diaper Opening Force Test discussed above. Two trend
lines are plotted in the diagram, each trend line showing the
amount of force exerted on the specimen versus displacement (travel
distance of the upper jaw 416). Trend line A indicates the amount
of force versus displacement for the KC-Mexico product, and trend
line B indicates the amount of force versus displacement for a
product according to aspects of this disclosure. The peak force of
each trend line is generally indicative of an amount of force
needed to disengage, e.g., the secondary first fastening components
126 from the outer cover 132. As easily seen in FIG. 19, and as
discussed above, the amount of force needed to disengage the
fasteners provided on the KC-Mexico diaper from its outer cover was
much higher than the amount of force needed to disengage the
secondary first fastening components 126 from the outer cover 132
on the product according to the present disclosure.
[0160] Accordingly, because the KC-Mexico diaper experienced much
higher peak loads before the pair of fasteners came disengaged from
the outer cover than the peak loads required to disengage the
secondary first fastening components 126 from the outer cover 132
of the diaper 110, the KC-Mexico diaper thus requires much more
force to unfold the product than does the diaper according to
aspects of this disclosure. Accordingly, a user of the diaper 110
may more readily unfold the diaper 110 during use without, e.g.,
risking tearing or delaminating the outer cover 132 of the
diaper.
[0161] FIG. 20 illustrates a plot of compression force vs.
compression distance for one example of an Edge Stiffness Test. Two
trend lines are plotted in the diagram, each trend line showing the
amount of force needed to bend or buckle a specimen upon applying a
force to the edge of the specimen. For instance, trend line B
indicates that the compression force required to bend or buckle the
specimen from a product made in accordance with the present
disclosure increased until the specimen buckled at a peak
compression force of 40.6 grams-force (after only a slight amount
of compression distance). After the peak compression load, the
compression force required to further bend the specimen decreased
asymptotically towards approximately 20 grams-force.
[0162] Continuing with FIG. 20, trend line A indicates that the
compression force required to bend or buckle the specimen from the
KC-Mexico diaper increases until the specimen buckled at a peak
compression force of 110.7 grams-force. After the peak compression
load, the compression force required to further bend the specimen
decreased asymptotically towards approximately 80 grams-force.
Further and more detailed discussion of FIG. 20 can be found in the
Edge Stiffness Test section hereinbelow.
[0163] In one embodiment, the secondary first fastening components
126 (i.e., the hook fasteners of the illustrated embodiment) on the
front portion 116 of the diaper 110 each have a relatively low
stiffness at least in the longitudinal direction 112 of the diaper
to facilitate decreased red marking of and discomfort to the wearer
of the diaper. As used herein, the stiffness of the secondary first
fastening components 126 refers generally to the resistance of each
component to deflection or deformation (e.g., bending) when acted
on by an applied force. For example, in one suitable embodiment,
the stiffness may be a Gurley stiffness as determined in a Gurley
Stiffness Test. In other embodiments the stiffness may be an edge
stiffness as determined in an Edge Stiffness Test.
Gurley Stiffness Test
[0164] A Gurley Stiffness Test is commonly used to determine the
stiffness of a test specimen (such as, e.g., the secondary first
fastening component 126) with respect to a bending moment produced
by a force that is directed perpendicular to the plane
substantially defined by the length and width of the specimen being
tested. A description of a Gurley Stiffness Test is set forth in
TAPPI Standard Test T543 om-94 (Bending Resistance of Paper (Gurley
type tester). One suitable testing apparatus for conducting the
Gurley Stiffness Test is a Gurley Digital Stiffness Tester, Model
31644 manufactured by Teledyne Gurley, a business having offices in
Troy, N.Y.
[0165] For purposes of the present disclosure, the stated Gurley
stiffness values are those that would be generated by a standard
sized sample (i.e., 1 inch wide by 3.5 inches long) using the
Gurley Digital Stiffness Tester. Accordingly, the readings from the
Tester are appropriately converted to the stiffness of a standard
sized sample (i.e., 1 inch wide by 3.5 inches long), and are
reported in terms of milligrams (mg) of force.
[0166] In general, the Gurley Digital Stiffness Tester consists of
a pendulum with slots for attaching various weights. The specimen
to be tested presses the pendulum to the right and to the left
resulting in two readings. The readings are positively correlated
with a specimen's stiffness. The two readings are then averaged and
multiplied by a factor. This factor is determined by the specimen
size, the distance from the center pivot, and the weight used on
the pendulum. Methodology of the Gurley Stiffness Test is set forth
below.
[0167] For purposes of the present disclosure, test specimens are
prepared, e.g., taken from a larger sample or product, by cutting
the specimen to have its length in the longitudinal or machine
direction of the product. As an example, for the present disclosure
where the secondary first fastening components (e.g., hook
fasteners) are being tested, the specimens are cut from the diaper
to include the fastener along with the material to which it is
attached, e.g., the outer cover of the diaper. Each specimen should
be cut to 12 mm wide by 25 mm long.+-.1 mm (or 0.5 inches by 1
inch.+-.0.04 inches).
[0168] To conduct the Gurley Stiffness Test using the Gurley
Digital Stiffness Tester, the base of the instrument is first
leveled by adjusting the leveling screw until the level's bubble is
centered and the pendulum's pointer indicates zero. After turning
the power on, the specimen is used to determine the appropriate
weight and the weight position on the pendulum to obtain a reading
between 2 and 6 on the scale/display. The switches are set to
correspond to the weight being used, the weight's position on the
pendulum, the width of the specimen being tested, and the length of
the specimen.
[0169] For each specimen, the specimen strip is centered over the
pendulum such that 6.4 mm.+-.1 mm (or 0.25 inches.+-.0.04 inches)
overlaps the top of the pendulum and 6.4 mm.+-.1 mm (or 0.25
inches.+-.0.04 inches) is held in the jaws of the Tester. The
system is reset so that the display reads 00-000-00. The
Motor-Direction switch is operated to engage the clamp arm to press
the specimen against the pendulum. Both a left reading and a right
reading are taken, and an average reading is determined. The SELECT
button on the Tester is then pressed to obtain the stiffness (in
milligrams) calculation and the stiffness is recorded. The
aforementioned steps are repeated for each test specimen in the
sample group.
Example
[0170] Secondary first fastening components from two different
absorbent products were subjected to the Gurley Stiffness Test to
assess the relative Gurley stiffness of each. The first product was
the KC-Mexico diaper, which has fastening components being hook
fasteners and being made of polypropylene. Each specimen had the
following test conditions: weight 25 g, and weight position 4'';
and measurements: width 0.5'', and length 1''. The second product
was made in accordance with the present disclosure with the
fastening components being hook fasteners and being made of
polyethylene. Each specimen had the following test conditions:
weight 25 g, and weight position 2''; and measurements: width
0.5'', and length 1''. Ten specimens of each product were tested.
As used herein when referring to the Gurley Stiffness test,
"length" generally refers to a direction in the longitudinal
direction of the product, and "width" generally refers to a
dimension in the lateral direction of the product. Further,
"weight" and "weight position" generally refer to test conditions
which indicate how much force is attached to the pendulum and at
what position during the test.
[0171] Table 2 below is the results of the Gurley Stiffness Test
for the KC-Mexico diaper and Table 3 is the results for the product
according to the present disclosure.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 KC-Mexico Diaper Gurley Stiffness Test
results Spec. Right Left Ave. Stiffness (mg) 1 3.30 4.80 4.05
225.18 2 2.50 4.60 3.55 197.38 3 3.00 4.60 3.80 211.28 4 2.60 4.10
3.35 186.26 5 3.00 4.40 3.70 205.72 6 2.90 3.80 3.35 186.26 7 2.10
4.70 3.40 189.04 8 3.70 4.10 3.90 216.84 9 3.10 5.70 4.40 244.64 10
2.70 5.10 3.90 216.84 Ave. 2.89 4.59 3.74 207.94 Std. 0.45 0.55
0.34 18.94
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Present disclosure product Gurley Stiffness
Test results Spec. Right Left Ave. Stiffness (mg) 1 1.40 2.80 2.10
116.76 2 1.70 3.70 2.70 150.12 3 1.90 2.90 2.40 130.44 4 1.50 3.00
2.25 125.10 5 1.60 2.70 2.15 119.54 6 1.90 4.40 3.15 175.14 7 1.70
2.70 2.20 122.32 8 1.70 2.70 2.20 122.32 9 1.30 3.10 2.20 122.32 10
2.00 4.50 3.25 180.70 Ave. 1.67 3.25 2.46 136.48 Std. 0.23 0.70
0.43 23.76
[0172] The tested fastening components from the KC-Mexico diaper
had an average stiffness of 207.94 mg whereas the tested fastening
components from the present disclosure product had an average
stiffness of 136.48 mg. Additionally, the tested fastening
components from the KC-Mexico diaper ranged from a minimum
stiffness of 186.26 mg to a maximum stiffness of 244.64 mg. The
tested fastening components from the present disclosure product
ranged from a minimum stiffness of 116.76 mg to a maximum stiffness
of 180.70 mg. In other words, the minimum stiffness (186.26 mg) of
the tested components of the KC-Mexico diaper was greater than the
maximum stiffness (180.70 mg) of the tested fastening components
from the present disclosure product. Put differently, every tested
fastening component from the present disclosure product had a
Gurley stiffness of less than 185 mg.
[0173] To this end, in one embodiment the secondary first fastening
component 126, and more particularly the secondary hook fastener on
the front portion 116 of the diaper 110 as in the illustrated
embodiment, has a Gurley stiffness according to the Gurley
Stiffness Test of less than 185 mg, more suitably less than 170 mg,
even more suitably less than 160 mg, still more suitably less than
150 mg, and still more suitably less than 140 mg. In another
embodiment the secondary first fastening component 126, and more
particularly the secondary hook fastener on the front portion 116
of the diaper 110 as in the illustrated embodiment, has an average
Gurley stiffness according to the Gurley Stiffness Test of less
than 180 mg for a sample size of at least 10 specimens, more
suitably less than 170 mg, even more suitably less than 160 mg,
still more suitably less than 150 mg, and still more suitably less
than 140 mg. It is understood that in other embodiments the Gurley
stiffness, and/or the average Gurley stiffness of the secondary
first fastening component 126 may be even less than the ranges set
forth above and remain within the scope of the disclosure.
Edge Stiffness Test
[0174] An Edge Stiffness Test determines the edge stiffness of a
test specimen 500 (such as, e.g., the secondary first fastening
component 126), and more particularly it measures the amount of
force, in grams (grams-force, or gf), required to buckle or bend
upon applying a longitudinal force against an edge of the specimen.
This is indicative, for example, of the manner in which a force
would be applied by a wearer to the secondary first fastening
components 126 of the diaper 110 when the wearer bends over at the
waist.
[0175] Turning now to FIG. 21, a rectangular (elongate) specimen
500 is held upright (i.e., lengthwise) by a grip, or jaws (i.e.,
upper jaw 516 and lower jaw 518), with the short edge or end of the
specimen perpendicular to and in contact with a flat surface or
platen 520. The contact edge is then gradually urged against the
flat surface by moving the grip or jaws 516, 518 toward the flat
surface 520 by a recorded distance until the specimen buckles or
bends. As can be seen from FIG. 20, which is a plot of compression
force versus compression distance (i.e., the distance that the grip
or jaws 516, 518 move toward the flat surface during testing) and
is described in further detail later herein, the compression force
initially increases proportionately with compressed distance, i.e.,
the distance that the grip or jaws move toward the flat surface
520. After reaching a peak compression force, the force decreases
asymptotically toward a constant while the compressed distance
increases. The edge stiffness is the peak compression force
achieved during the test, with a lower compression force meaning
that the specimen 500 has a lower edge stiffness, or is more easily
bent upon application of a force to the edge of the specimen.
[0176] One suitable testing apparatus for conducting the Edge
Stiffness Test is an MTS Sintech tensile frame 500S manufactured by
MTS System Corporation, a business having offices in Eden Prairie,
Minn. Additional instruments used to conduct the Edge Stiffness
Test include a load cell 100 Newton D86201, an upper fixture having
a upper jaw 516 measuring 1'' long and 3'' wide, and a low fixture
stainless steel platen 520 having a diameter measuring 3.5'' (all
manufactured by MTS System Corporation). Also used is a thickness
measurement device such as a Sony Digital Indicator U30A equipped
with a 0.05 psi platen, manufactured by Sony Corporation of
America, a business having offices in New York, N.Y.
[0177] To conduct the Edge Stiffness Test for the purposes of the
present disclosure, specimens 500 are cut to have a width of 15 mm
in the lateral direction 114 of the product, such as the diaper 110
of the illustrated embodiment, and a length of 40 mm in the
longitudinal direction 112 of the product. The thickness of each
specimen 500 is measured using the thickness measurement device
with a 0.05 psi platen to the nearest 0.001 mm. The distance
between the lower platen 520 and the bottom of the upper jaw 516 is
set at 10 mm and the specimen 500 is placed in the upper jaw with
the specimen oriented lengthwise. The lower edge of the specimen
500 is in slight contact with the flat surface of the lower platen
520.
[0178] The upper jaw 516 is activated to move downward toward the
lower platen 520 at a speed of 6.35 mm/min. (0.25 inches/min.) to
longitudinally compress the specimen 500 until the force drops from
the peak and levels off. Test data of the compression force vs.
compression distance (e.g., downward travel distance of the upper
jaw 516) is recorded on a PC using software having the trade name
TestWorks V4.12C provided by MTS System Corporation. The
compression force is reported to the nearest 0.1 grams-force (gf).
The peak compression load (in gf) for each specimen 500 tested is
determined using this software. The peak compression stress in
gf/mm.sup.2 is calculated by dividing the peak compression load in
gf by the cross sectional area in
Example
[0179] Secondary first fastening components from two different
absorbent products were subjected to the Edge Stiffness Test to
assess the relative edge stiffness of each. The first product was
the KC-Mexico diaper having hook fasteners made of polypropylene.
The second product was a diaper 110 made in accordance with the
present disclosure with the secondary first fastening components
126 being hook fasteners and being made of polyethylene. Five
specimens 500 of each product were tested.
[0180] Table 4 below is the results of the Edge Stiffness Test for
the KC-Mexico diaper and Table 5 is the results for the product
according to the present disclosure. The Peak Load is the edge
stiffness, in grams-force (gf).
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 KC-Mexico Diaper Edge Stiffness Test results
Thickness Width Peak Load Peak Stress Spec. (mm) (mm) (gf)
(gf/mm.sup.2) 1 0.728 15 115 10.5 2 0.72 15 158.2 14.6 3 0.761 15
100.1 8.8 4 0.768 15 149.5 13.0 5 0.689 15 110.7 10.7 Ave 0.733 15
126.7 11.5 Std 0.032 0 25.6 2.3
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Present disclosure product Edge Stiffness
Test results Thickness Width Peak Load Peak Stress Spec. (mm) (mm)
(gf) (gf/mm.sup.2) 1 0.651 15 68.2 7.0 2 0.772 15 38.5 3.3 3 0.735
15 43.7 4.0 4 0.768 15 53.4 4.6 5 0.739 15 40.6 3.7 Ave 0.733 15
48.9 4.5 Std 0.049 0 12.2 1.5
[0181] FIG. 20 is a plot of compression force vs. compression
distance for specimen #5 of the KC-Mexico diaper (trend line A) and
specimen #5 of the present disclosure product (trend line B) of the
above Edge Stiffness Test. Each curve shows the amount of force
needed to bend or buckle the specimen upon applying a force to the
edge of the specimen. For instance, trend line B indicates that the
compression force required to bend or buckle the specimen from a
product made in accordance with the present disclosure increased
until the specimen buckled at a peak compression force of 40.6
grams-force (after only a slight amount of compression distance).
After the peak compression load, the compression force required to
further bend the specimen 500 decreased asymptotically towards
approximately 20 grams-force.
[0182] Trend line A indicates that the compression force required
to bend or buckle the specimen 500 from the KC-Mexico diaper
increases until the specimen buckled at a peak compression force of
110.7 grams-force. After the peak compression load, the compression
force required to further bend the specimen 500 decreased
asymptotically towards approximately 80 grams-force. Accordingly,
it required more force to compress the edge of a specimen 500 from
the KC-Mexico diaper than it did to compress the edge of a specimen
from a product made according to present disclosure. Therefore, it
can be concluded that the edge stiffness of the secondary first
fastening component 126 of the present disclosure product was less
stiff than that of the KC-Mexico diaper.
[0183] Accordingly, in one embodiment the secondary first fastening
component 126, and more particularly the secondary hook fastener on
the front portion 116 of the diaper 110 as in the illustrated
embodiment, has an edge stiffness according to the Edge Stiffness
Test of less than 100 grams-force, more suitably less than 90
grams-force, even more suitably less than 80 grams-force, still
more suitably less than 70 grams-force, and still more suitably
less than 60 grams-force. In other embodiments it is less than 50
grams-force.
[0184] In another embodiment the secondary first fastening
component 126, and more particularly the secondary hook fastener on
the front portion 116 of the diaper 110 as in the illustrated
embodiment, has an average edge stiffness according to the Edge
Stiffness Test of less than 80 grams-force for a sample size of at
least 5 specimens, more suitably less than 70 grams-force, even
more suitably less than 60 grams-force, and still more suitably
less than 50 grams-force. It is understood that in other
embodiments the edge stiffness and/or the average edge stiffness of
the secondary first fastening component 126 may be even less than
the ranges set forth above and remain within the scope of the
disclosure.
[0185] With reference to Tables 4 and 5, the KC-Mexico diaper
specimens 500 had an average peak load of 126.7 grams-force whereas
the present disclosure specimens had an average peak load of 48.9
grams-force. Another embodiment of the present disclosure has an
average peak load of less than 90 grams-force based on a sample
size of at least 5 samples. Another embodiment of the present
disclosure with a sample size of at least 5 samples has an average
peak load of less than 80 grams-force. Yet another embodiment of
the present disclosure with a sample size of at least 5 samples has
an average peak load of less than 70 grams-force. Yet another
embodiment of the present disclosure with a sample size of at least
5 samples has an average peak load of less than 60 grams-force.
[0186] With continued reference to Tables 4 and 5, the KC-Mexico
diaper specimens 500 shown in Table 4 ranged from a minimum peak
load of 100.1 grams-force to a maximum peak load of 158.2
grams-force. The present disclosure specimens 500 shown in Table 5
ranged from a minimum peak load of 38.5 grams-force to a maximum
peak load of 68.2 grams-force. In other words, every specimen 500
in the present disclosure sample had a peak load of less than 100
grams-force.
[0187] Thus, in view of either one of the Gurley Stiffness Test and
the Edge Stiffness Test, particularly as used in the above
Examples, it is evident that the secondary first fastening
components 126 are less stiff than secondary first fastening
components of the KC-Mexico diaper. As used on the diaper 110
described herein, such a reduced stiffness increases comfort for
the wearer and reduces red marks that may irritate the skin.
Color Contrast Test
[0188] The color contrasting properties of specimens, such as
product components of absorbent articles (e.g., the secondary first
fastening component 126 of the diaper 110), can be determined by
using CIE L*a*b color space and commercially available image
analysis software. The image analysis method used to perform such
measurements on a number of test specimens is described herein. The
method was used to determine L*a*b numeric values of specimen color
properties and then measure the contrast between different colored
regions of the specimen by calculating a .DELTA.E value based on
the regions' corresponding L*a*b values. The method was performed
using conventional optical image analysis techniques to first
acquire color images of product regions of interest and then
measure the L*a*b color values within the regions of interest using
image analysis software. The .DELTA.E contrast values between
regions of interest were then calculated. The resulting measurement
data was used to compare color contrast characteristics between
different types of outer cover component and graphic
configurations.
[0189] Prior to conducting the image analysis, each of the
specimens was prepared to facilitate an accurate visualization of a
representative region of the colored region of interest. Using a
cutting device, such as scissors, the outer cover components of
interest were cut from the respective specimen to remove unwanted
components such as the absorbent core materials and elastics. The
removal of these extra components facilitated image acquisition by
allowing the outer cover regions of interest to lie flat on the
image acquisition apparatus. Each outer cover region of interest
tested was cut from a separate, individual diaper product.
[0190] The equipment used for acquiring images of the colored
regions of interest included a Leica Microsystems DFC 310 camera
(exposure time of 34.2 milli-seconds, gamma=1), operated in color
mode, and a Nikon 35-mm adjustable lens (f-stop setting=4). The
lens were attached to the DFC 310 camera via a standard c-mount
adaptor fitting. Incident light illumination of the sample was
performed using four 100 watt Reflector Flood lamps available from
General Electric, U.S.A. positioned above the sample at
approximately a 45 degree angles and spaced at positions of two,
four, eight and ten o'clock when viewed from overhead. A Polaroid
MP4 camera stand was used to attach the camera and lens to a
position directly above the sample. The linear distance between the
sample surface and front face of the Nikon lens was approximately
50 cm. During imaging, the sample surfaces were covered with a
one-quarter inch thick transparent glass cover plate.
[0191] The imaging software platform used to acquire the color
images was QWIN Pro (Version 3.5.1) available from Leica
Microsystems, having an office in Heerbrugg, Switzerland. The
system and images were calibrated using a ruler with metric
markings. Shading correction was performed using a white, blank
field of view covered by the one-quarter inch thick glass plate.
More specifically, a Polaroid 803 film positive was used as white
background. Prior to acquiring sample images, color white
balancing, using the QWIN Pro system software, was performed on the
blank field of view.
[0192] An image acquisition algorithm was developed and used to
acquire color images using the Quantimet User Interactive
Programming System (QUIPS) language that resides within the QWIN
Pro software package. The developed image acquisition algorithm is
reproduced below. [0193] PURPOSE=Acquire color images of printed
areas on Personal Care products [0194] CONDITIONS=DFC 310 gamma
1.0, 34.2 msec. (color mode); adj. Nikon 35-mm lens (f/4); four
flood lamps (white balanced); WL=0.9 w/803 film pos; 1/4'' thick
glass cover plate used on all. [0195] SET-UP [0196] ACQOUTPUT=0
[0197] Configure (Image Store 1392.times.1040, Grey Images 30,
Binaries 32) [0198] Image frame (x 0, y 0, Width 1392, Height 1040)
[0199] PauseText ("Set-up imaging conditions--Polaroid 803 film
positive, 1/4'' thick glass plate, WL=0.9") [0200] Image Setup DC
Twain [PAUSE] (Camera 1, AutoExposure Off, Gain 0.00, Exposure Time
34.23 msec, Brightness 0, Lamp 0.00) [0201] For (IMAGE=1 to 10,
step 1) [0202] PauseText ("Enter sample image file prefix name.")
[0203] Input (TITLE$) [0204] PauseText ("Position sample for image
acquisition.") [0205] Image Setup DC Twain [PAUSE] (Camera 1,
AutoExposure Off, Gain 0.00, Exposure Time 34.23 msec, Brightness
0, Lamp 0.00) [0206] Acquire (into Colour0) [0207] Colour Transform
(RGB to HSI, from Colour0 to Colour0) [0208] The following line
designates where images were saved on the computer. [0209]
ACQFILE$="C:\Images\52475-Haessler\"+TITLE$+"_"+STR$(IMAGE)+".tif"
[0210] Write image (from ACQOUTPUT into file ACQFILE$) [0211] Next
(IMAGE) [0212] END
[0213] As mentioned above, the algorithm was executed using the
QWIN Pro software platform. The analyst was initially prompted to
set-up imaging conditions using a Polaroid 803 film positive and
the one-quarter inch thick glass plate. The white level was set to
approximately 0.9. The analyst was then prompted to enter an image
file prefix name that was used to save the image for subsequent
analysis in a location designated on the computer hard drive.
[0214] After a prompt for positioning the sample under the optical
axis of the DFC 310 camera and Nikon lens on the Polaroid MP4
camera stand, covering it with the glass cover plate, ensuring it
is lying flat without significant wrinkles, and optimizing focus,
the analyst clicked on the `continue` button and the color image
was acquired.
[0215] After image acquisition was completed, L*a*b measurements
were performed on the regions of interest in the acquired images
using commercially available software packages such as Image
Pro.RTM. Plus (Media Cybernetics Inc., Rockville, Md., USA) or
Adobe.RTM. Photoshop.RTM. CS2 (Adobe Systems Software Ireland
Ltd.). In Image Pro.RTM., the analyst used the CIE L*a*b Color tool
within the Process menu to extract L, a*, and b* values. When using
this tool, the ICC Profile check box was checked when obtaining
L*a*b values. A minimum of five replicate areas were analyzed per
region of interest and the corresponding L*a*b values from each
analysis replicate area were recorded.
[0216] In Photoshop, the Color Picker tool was used to acquire L,
a*, and b* values. Preferably, a minimum pixel sampling size of a
3.times.3 average was used when selecting replicate areas within
the region of interest being analyzed. As with Image Pro, a minimum
of five replicate areas were analyzed per color region of interest.
Replicate sampling regions were selected to obtain an accurate
representation across the entire analysis region of interest. For
example, a square or rectangular colored region of interest was
sampled just inside the four corners as well as in the middle.
[0217] Once L, a*, and b* values were acquired from their
respective colored regions of interest, average L, a*, and b*
values were calculated from the minimum of five replicate values
for each. To determine color contrast between two colored regions
of interest, a .DELTA.E value was calculated from the average L,
a*, and b* values using the following equation:
.DELTA.E=SQRT[(L1-L2).sup.2+(a*1-a*2).sup.2+(b*1-b*2).sup.2]
[0218] Where L1, a*1, and b*1 are mean values from a first region
of interest and L2, a*2, and b*2 are mean values from a second
region of interest.
Example
[0219] Five different absorbent products were subjected to the
Color Contrast Test to assess the relative color contrast between
two regions of interest on the respective product. The first,
second, third and fourth products tested were made in accordance
with the present disclosure and included colored secondary first
fastening components. Specifically, the first and third products
made in accordance with the present disclosure had dark purple
secondary first fastening components (FIGS. 22 and 27), and the
second and fourth products had light purple secondary first
fastening components (FIGS. 24 and 29). The fifth product tested
was the KC-Mexico diaper, which had light blue secondary first
fastening components (FIG. 31).
[0220] For each of the products tested, L, a*, and b* values were
acquired, as described above, for the secondary first fastening
components as seen in FIGS. 22, 24, 27, 29 and 31. Each of the
secondary first fastening components of FIGS. 22, 24, 27, 29 and 31
were uncovered or otherwise unobstructed by other components of the
product. For purposes of obtaining the L, a*, and b* values of the
secondary first fastening components, the primary (or predominate)
color of the secondary first fastening components was the sole
basis for obtaining the L, a*, and b* values of the secondary first
fastening components. For purposes of this disclosure, the primary
color of the secondary first fastening components is the greater of
1) the color covering the greatest surface area of the secondary
first fastening components, or 2) the color underlying the greatest
area of the secondary first fastening components that is readily
visible through the secondary first fastening components.
[0221] L, a*, and b* values were also acquired for the secondary
first fastening components with the respective ear of the product
covering the secondary first fastening component as seen in FIGS.
23, 25, 28, 30 and 32. The ears of FIGS. 23 and 25, which show the
first and second products respectively, were blue (and more
specifically aqua) whereas the ears of FIGS. 28 and 30, which show
the third and fourth products, were green. The ear of the fifth
product was white as seen in FIG. 32. The color contrast (i.e., the
.DELTA.E value) between the covered and uncovered secondary first
fastening components were calculated using the average L, a*, and
b* values obtained from each of the five products. The equation for
calculating the .DELTA.E value is provided above.
[0222] L, a*, and b* values were further acquired for the outer
cover of each of the products. All five of the tested products had
white outer covers that contained printed graphics. For purposes of
obtaining the L, a*, and b* values of the outer cover, any graphics
printed on the outer cover were not considered. Rather, the primary
(or predominate) color of the outer cover, which is white in the
illustrated embodiments, was the sole basis for obtaining the L,
a*, and b* values of the outer cover. For purposes of this
disclosure, the primary color of the outer cover is the greater of
1) the color covering the greatest surface area of the outer cover,
or 2) the color underlying the greatest area of the outer cover
that is readily visible through the outer cover. The outer cover of
the first, second, third and fourth product, which were
substantially identical, is illustrated in FIG. 26. The outer cover
of the fifth product, which is also white, can be seen in FIG. 31.
The color contrast (i.e., the .DELTA.E value) between the uncovered
secondary first fastening components and the respective outer cover
were calculated using the average L, a*, and b* values obtained
from each of the five products. The equation for calculating the
.DELTA.E value is provided above.
[0223] L, a*, and b* values were further acquired for the strip of
loop material ("PUB") of each of the first, second, third and
fourth products. The four tested products had white PUBs that
contained printed graphics or had underlying graphics, such as
those printed on the underlying outer cover, that were readily
visible through the respective PUB. For purposes of obtaining the
L, a*, and b* values of the PUBs, any graphics printed on the PUB
or any underlying graphics were not considered. Rather, the primary
(or predominate) color of each of the PUBs, which is white in the
illustrated embodiments, was the sole basis for obtaining the L,
a*, and b* values of the PUBs. For purposes of this disclosure, the
primary color of the PUB is the greater of 1) the color covering
the greatest surface area of the PUB, or 2) the color underlying
the greatest area of the PUB that is readily visible through the
PUB. The color contrast (i.e., the .DELTA.E value) between the
uncovered secondary first fastening components and the respective
strip of loop material were calculated using the average L, a*, and
b* values obtained from each of the four products. The equation for
calculating the .DELTA.E value is provided above.
[0224] Table 6 below is the results of the Color Contrast Test for
the KC-Mexico diaper and Table 7 is the results for the product
according to the present disclosure.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 K-C Mexico Diaper Color Contrast Test
Results Sample ID/ S. Ave. S. S. Description Ave. L Dev. a* Dev.
Ave. b* Dev .DELTA.E 8a. Light blue 69.4 2.0 -2.8 2.1 -11.8 2.9
secondary first fastening components 8d. White Outer 77.9 6.1 -1.2
3.3 -1.5 4.2 13.5 Cover 8e. While NBL 77.4 4.3 -2.0 1.6 -3.2 4.1
11.8 Ear over Light blue secondary first fastening components
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Present Disclosure Product Color Contrast
Test Results Sample ID/ S. Ave. S. S. Description Ave. L Dev. a*
Dev. Ave. b* Dev .DELTA.E DARK PURPLE SECONDARY FIRST FASTENING
COMPONENT DATA 1a. Dark Purple 45.8 6.6 14.7 3.8 -37.7 1.7
secondary first fastening components 1b. Aqua NBL 63.8 2.9 -10.0
2.5 -24.0 2.2 33.5 Ear over Dark Purple secondary first fastening
components 6b. Green NBL 62.7 2.5 -7.5 3.5 -16.7 3.4 32.7 Ear over
Dark Purple secondary first fastening components 4a. White PUB 83.1
2.9 -1.4 2.2 -3.3 2.7 53.2 4b. White Outer 81.5 4.6 -2.4 2.5 -3.4
0.9 52.4 Cover LIGHT PURPLE SECONDARY FIRST FASTENING COMPONENT
DATA 2a. Light Purple 58.7 2.4 4.0 2.9 -23.3 3.1 secondary first
fastening components 2b. Aqua NBL 68.9 1.3 -10.5 1.5 -23.5 2.5 17.7
Ear over Light Purple secondary first fastening components 7b.
Green NBL 68.2 3.6 -9.9 2.4 -11.1 2.9 25.9 Ear over Light Purple
secondary first fastening components 4a. White PUB 83.1 2.9 -1.4
2.2 -3.3 2.7 32.0 4b. White Outer 81.5 4.6 -2.4 2.5 -3.4 0.9 31.0
Cover
[0225] With reference to Table 6, the KC-Mexico diaper sample had
.DELTA.E between the light blue secondary first fastening component
(FIG. 31) and the white ear (FIG. 32) of about 11.8. The K-C Mexico
diaper sample also had a .DELTA.E between the light blue secondary
first fastening component and the white outer cover of about
13.5.
[0226] With reference now to Table 7, one embodiment of the present
disclosure had a .DELTA.E between the dark purple secondary first
fastening components (FIGS. 22 and 27) and the blue ear (FIG. 23)
of about 33.5, and a .DELTA.E between the dark purple secondary
first fastening components and the green ear (FIG. 28) of about
32.7. This embodiment also had a .DELTA.E between the dark purple
secondary first fastening components (FIGS. 22 and 27) and the
white outer cover (FIG. 26) of about 52.4, and a .DELTA.E between
the dark purple secondary first fastening components and the white
strip of loop material (FIG. 26) of about 53.2.
[0227] With continued reference now to Table 7, another embodiment
of the present disclosure had a .DELTA.E between the light purple
secondary first fastening components (FIGS. 24 and 29) and the blue
ear (FIG. 25) of about 17.7, and a .DELTA.E between the light
purple secondary first fastening components and the green ear (FIG.
30) of about 25.9. This embodiment also had a .DELTA.E between the
light purple secondary first fastening components (FIGS. 24 and 29)
and the white outer cover of about 31.0, and a .DELTA.E between the
light purple secondary first fastening components and the white
strip of loop material of about 32.0.
[0228] Thus, in view of Color Contrast Test, particularly as used
in the above examples, it is evident that the secondary first
fastening components of the present disclosure are more noticeable
than the secondary first fastening components of the KC-Mexico
diaper.
[0229] In one suitable embodiment of the diaper 110 described
herein, the .DELTA.E between the secondary first fastening
components 126 and the elastomeric portion 150 of the back ears 122
is greater than 15, suitably greater than 20, more suitably greater
than 25, and even more suitably greater than 30. In addition, the
.DELTA.E between the secondary first fastening components 126 and
the outer cover 132 is greater than 20, suitably greater than 30,
more suitably greater than 40, and even more suitably greater than
50. Moreover, the .DELTA.E between the secondary first fastening
components 126 and the strip 180 (and more specifically the primary
second fastening component 176) is greater than 20, suitably
greater than 30, more suitably greater than 40, and even more
suitably greater than 50.
[0230] Thus, the appearance of the secondary first fastening
component 126 relative to other components of the diaper 110 (e.g.,
the back ears 122 and more specifically, the secondary second
fastening component 178 (i.e., the elastomeric portion 150 of the
back ears)) can be configured to provide suitable visual cues to a
user for attaching the diaper 110 to a wearer. In other words, the
secondary first fastening components 126 can be provided with a
suitable color contrast relative to other components of the diaper
110 to increase the noticeability of the secondary first fastening
components on the front portion 116 of the diaper 110.
[0231] U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/953,380, filed Jul. 29,
2013, entitled "ABSORBENT ARTICLE HAVING A FASTENING SYSTEM" and
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/953,364, filed Jul. 29, 2013,
entitled "FOLDED ABSORBENT ARTICLE WITH A FASTENING SYSTEM" are
hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0232] When introducing elements of the present invention or the
preferred embodiment(s) thereof, the articles "a", "an", "the", and
"said" are intended to mean that there are one or more of the
elements. The terms "comprising," "including", and "having" are
intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional
elements other than the listed elements.
[0233] As various changes could be made in the above constructions
without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended
that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the
accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not
in a limiting sense.
* * * * *