U.S. patent application number 14/510427 was filed with the patent office on 2015-01-22 for apparatus, method, and program for validating user.
This patent application is currently assigned to THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD.. Invention is credited to Takaya KATO.
Application Number | 20150026789 14/510427 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38540891 |
Filed Date | 2015-01-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150026789 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
KATO; Takaya |
January 22, 2015 |
APPARATUS, METHOD, AND PROGRAM FOR VALIDATING USER
Abstract
User validation accuracy is improved without inconveniencing a
user. When an authentication request packet is received from a
terminal and the authentication is successful based on a user ID
and a password, an HTTP header, user-agent information, and access
source IP address are extracted from the packet, and user
authentication is performed by verifying the IP address and the
user-agent information against usage history information where at
most two sets of the IP address and the user-agent information
extracted from the authentication request packet which is received
from the same user previously are registered. When the set of the
IP address and the UA information corresponding to the new
extracted IP address and the new extracted UA information is
registered in the usage history information, the authentication is
successful, and the usage history information is overwritten with
the new IP address and the new UA information.
Inventors: |
KATO; Takaya; (Tokyo,
JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. |
Tokyo |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ,
LTD.
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
38540891 |
Appl. No.: |
14/510427 |
Filed: |
October 9, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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13679401 |
Nov 16, 2012 |
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14510427 |
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11886902 |
Sep 21, 2007 |
8347368 |
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PCT/JP2006/306501 |
Mar 29, 2006 |
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13679401 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
726/7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04L 63/168 20130101;
G06F 16/13 20190101; G06F 2221/2111 20130101; H04L 2463/082
20130101; G06F 2221/2101 20130101; H04L 63/101 20130101; H04L 63/08
20130101; H04L 63/126 20130101; H04L 63/083 20130101; G06F 21/34
20130101; G06F 21/31 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
726/7 |
International
Class: |
H04L 29/06 20060101
H04L029/06; G06F 17/30 20060101 G06F017/30 |
Claims
1. A user validation apparatus comprising: a storage unit; an
extraction unit configured to extract user-agent information and an
access source internet protocol (IP) address in an HTTP header of a
packet received from a terminal device by applying HTTP as a
protocol of an application layer; an information management unit
configured to store the user-agent information and IP address
extracted by the extraction unit from the packet received from the
terminal device operated by an individual user, in the storage unit
so as to correspond to user identification information of the
individual user; a determination unit configured to determine that
a user operating a given terminal device is a conditionally valid
user, when: (a) the user-agent information extracted by the
extraction unit corresponds to each of two sets of user-agent
information stored as usage history information in the storage
unit, but the extracted IP address does not correspond to either of
two IP addresses stored as usage history information in the storage
unit, or (b) the extracted IP address corresponds to each of the
two stored IP addresses, but the extracted user-agent information
does not correspond to either of the two stored sets of user-agent
information; and a re-authentication unit configured to request
re-authentication through a web page to the terminal device, when
the determination unit determines that the user is the
conditionally valid user.
2. An authentication apparatus, comprising: a storage unit; an
extraction unit configured to extract user-agent information
related to a software running in a terminal device and an access
source internet protocol (IP) address from a packet header received
from the terminal device; an information management unit configured
to store the user-agent information and IP address extracted by the
extraction unit from the packet received from the terminal device,
operated by a user, in the storage unit; and a determination unit
configured to determine that a user operating a given terminal
device is: (i) a valid user when user login information is
identical to stored user login information, the extracted
user-agent information corresponds to each of two sets of
user-agent information stored as usage history information in the
storage unit, and the extracted IP address corresponds to each of
two IP addresses stored as usage history information in the storage
unit, (ii) an invalid user when the user login information is not
identical to the stored user login information, and (iii) a
conditionally valid user when the user login information is
identical to the stored user login information, and: (a) the
user-agent information extracted by the extraction unit corresponds
to each of the two stored sets of user-agent information, but the
extracted IP address does not correspond to either of the two
stored IP addresses, or (b) the extracted IP address corresponds to
each of the two stored IP addresses, but the extracted user-agent
information does not correspond to either of the two stored sets of
user-agent information.
3. The authentication apparatus according to claim 2, further
comprising: a re-authentication unit configured to request
re-authentication through a web page to the terminal device, when
the user is determined to be the conditionally valid user.
4. An authentication apparatus, comprising: a storage unit; an
extraction unit configured to extract user-agent information
related to a software running in a terminal device and an access
source internet protocol (IP) address from a packet header received
from the terminal device; an information management unit configured
to store the user-agent information and IP address extracted by the
extraction unit; a determination unit configured to determine that
a user operating a given terminal device is (i) a valid user when
user login information is identical to stored user login
information, the extracted user-agent information corresponds to
each of two sets of user-agent information stored as usage history
information in the storage unit, and the extracted IP address
corresponds to each of two IP addresses stored as usage history
information in the storage unit, (ii) an invalid user when the user
login information is not identical to the stored user login
information, and (iii) a conditionally valid user when the user
login information is identical to the stored user login
information, and: (a) the user-agent information extracted by the
extraction unit corresponds to each of the two stored sets of
user-agent information, but the extracted IP address does not
correspond to either of the two stored sets of IP addresses, or (b)
the extracted IP address corresponds to each of the two stored sets
of IP addresses, but the extracted user-agent information does not
correspond to either of the two stored sets of user-agent
information; and a re-authentication unit configured to request
re-authentication through a web page to the terminal device, when
the determination unit determines that the user is the
conditionally valid user.
5. The user validation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the user-agent
information comprises at least one of: a version of the operating
system (OS) of the terminal device, a browser of the terminal
device, a number of patches of the browser of the OS and a number
of updates of the browser.
6. The authentication apparatus of claim 2, wherein the user-agent
information comprises at least one of: a version of the operating
system (OS) of the terminal device, a browser of the terminal
device, a number of patches of the browser of the OS and a number
of updates of the browser.
7. The authentication apparatus of claim 4, wherein the user-agent
information comprises at least one of: a version of the operating
system (OS) of the terminal device, a browser of the terminal
device, a number of patches of the browser of the OS and a number
of updates of the browser.
8. The user validation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the two stored
sets of user-agent information comprise: a latest user-agent
information and a previous user-agent information.
9. The authentication apparatus of claim 2, wherein the two stored
sets of user-agent information comprise: a latest user-agent
information and a previous user-agent information.
10. The authentication apparatus of claim 4, wherein the two stored
sets of user-agent information comprise: a latest user-agent
information and a previous user-agent information.
11. The user validation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the two
stored IP addresses comprise: a latest IP address and a previous IP
address.
12. The authentication apparatus of claim 2, wherein the two stored
IP addresses comprise: a latest IP address and a previous IP
address.
13. The authentication apparatus of claim 4, wherein the two stored
IP addresses comprise: a latest IP address and a previous IP
address.
Description
[0001] This is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.
13/679,401 filed Nov. 16, 2012, which is a Continuation of U.S.
application Ser. No. 11/886,902 filed Sep. 21, 2007, which is a
National Phase of International Application No. PCT/JP2006/306501
filed Mar. 29, 2006. The disclosure of the prior application is
hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates to an apparatus, a method, and
a program for validating a user, particularly to a user validation
apparatus for validating whether or not a user operating a terminal
device is a valid user, a user validation method which can be
applied to the user validation apparatus, and a user validation
program which causes a computer to act as the user validation
apparatus.
BACKGROUND ART
[0003] Generally a user validation method is adopted in a web site
which provides predetermined online service to users who have
registered in advance, wherein, a user who accesses the web site
through a terminal device is caused to input a user ID and a
password, and a confirmation whether or not the user who is
accessing the web site is a valid user is made based on whether or
not a combination of the inputted user ID and password is
registered. However, in the case that the user ID and the password
are leaked to another person, the above user validation method is
disadvantageous because the person who knows the user ID and the
password can illegally access the web site while disguising their
identity as that of a valid user.
[0004] For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A)
No. 2000-209284 discloses a technique of performing user
authentication by determining whether or not, in addition to the
user ID and the password, a telephone number of a caller received
from a telephone exchange is verified against a telephone number of
a telephone line which is used by a registered user.
[0005] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2001-325229
discloses a technique, wherein an IP address (and link source URL)
with which the usage of service is permitted is stored in a
database along with ID and password and a determination whether or
not the usage of service is permitted is made, in addition to
determination with the ID and password, by determining whether or
not the access source IP address is registered in the database (and
when the link source URL exists in an access signal, by determining
whether or not the link source URL is registered in the
database).
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Problem to be Solved by the Invention
[0006] In the techniques disclosed in Japanese Patent Application
Laid-Open (JP-A) Nos. 2000-209284 and 2001-325229, the confirmation
whether or not the user who is operating the terminal device of the
access source is a valid user (whether or not a third party
disguises its identity as that of a valid user) is made by
determining whether or not the terminal device of the access source
is a valid terminal device by using the telephone number or the IP
address. Although the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent
Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2000-209284 has an advantage that
the terminal device can uniquely be specified by using the
telephone number, the technique has a problem in that the technique
cannot be applied to other devices except for the terminal device
connected to a network through the telephone exchange.
[0007] Although the IP address used in the technique disclosed in
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2001-325229 is
always kept fixed in the terminal device to which a global IP
address is fixedly imparted, few terminal devices have such fixedly
imparted global IP address, and in most terminal devices, the IP
address is different in each access because a given IP address is
automatically allocated from the many global IP addresses possessed
by an Internet service provider (the Internet provider, hereinafter
simply referred to as "provider") in accessing the Internet and the
like. Therefore, in the case where the user validation or
authentication is performed based on whether or not the IP address
is verified against the IP address registered in the database like
the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
(JP-A) No. 2001-325229, there is a risk of mistaking the access of
a valid user for the illegal access or mistaking the illegal user
for a valid user.
[0008] As a technique of to prevent spoofing and improve a degree
of security, a technique of performing an authentication of a
terminal device by using an electronic certificate prior to the
user authentication based on the user ID and the password. By
applying the technique, even if the user ID and the password are
leaked to another person, a fraud can be prevented unless a person
who knows the user ID and the password operates the terminal device
in which the legitimate electronic certificate is installed.
However, in order to apply the technique, it is necessary to
perform a troublesome task of installation of the electronic
certificate in the terminal device, which results in a problem of a
large burden to a user.
[0009] In view of the foregoing, an object of the invention is to
obtain a user validation apparatus, a user validation method, and a
user validation program which can improve accuracy of user
validation without reducing user's convenience.
Means for Solving the Problem
[0010] In the case where HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) is
applied as a protocol of an application layer in communication with
the terminal device, an HTTP header is added to a packet received
from the terminal device, and the user-agent information is
included in the HTTP header. In the user-agent information, a
format and the like are not defined on the HTTP protocol, and any
character string can be set. For example, in the case where the
terminal device is a computer such as a PC (Personal Computer)
while an application for transmitting the packet from the computer
is a browser (browsing software), information indicating a version
and the like of an OS (Operating System) running on the computer
and information indicating a version and the like of the browser
are set as the user-agent information in a default setting of the
browser. Depending on a user operating the computer, sometimes the
settings of the browser and the like are updated in advance such
that the desired character string is transmitted as the user-agent
information.
[0011] The user-agent information set by the default setting of the
browser includes information indicating how many patches are
applied to the OS or the browser in addition to the information of
the versions of the OS and the browser. Therefore, in the case
where the user-agent information is set by the default-setting
browser, although the terminal devices which transmit the same
user-agent information exist, a degree of difference among the
pieces of the user-agent information transmitted from the terminal
devices is high. Contents of the user-agent information are updated
when a new patch is made in the OS or the browser or when the
version upgrade or conversion is performed, however, because the
new patch for OS or the browser or the version upgrade or
conversion occurs extremely less frequently, it can be deemed that
the user-agent information transmitted from the individual terminal
device is substantially kept fixed. In the case where the user sets
the user-agent information in advance so as to transmit the desired
character string, the degree of difference among the pieces of the
user-agent information transmitted from the terminal devices
becomes higher.
[0012] The inventor focuses attention on the above fact to reach
the invention by achieving that the user-agent information which is
set in the HTTP header of the packet received previously from the
terminal device operated by a certain user is stored, and the
user-agent information set in the HTTP header of the packet
received from the terminal device operated by the user who is
estimated to be the same person is verified against the stored
user-agent information, and accordingly, a determination whether or
not the terminal device which transmits the currently received
packet is identical to the terminal device which transmits the
packet received previously can be made, and the accuracy of user
validation can be improved.
[0013] A user validation apparatus of claim 1 of the invention is
configured to include an extraction unit which extracts user-agent
information set in an HTTP header of a packet received from a
terminal device by applying HTTP as a protocol of an application
layer; an information management unit which stores the user-agent
information extracted by the extraction unit from the packet
received from the terminal device, which is operated by an
individual user, in a storage unit so as to correspond to user
identification information of the individual user; and a
determination unit which determines whether or not a user operating
a given terminal device is a valid user by verifying user-agent
information extracted by the extraction unit from a packet received
from the given terminal device, against user-agent information
stored in the storage unit so as to correspond to user
identification information of the user operating the given terminal
device.
[0014] The invention of claim 1 includes the extraction unit which
extracts the user-agent information set in the HTTP header of the
packet received from the terminal device by applying HTTP as a
protocol of an application layer, and the information management
unit stores the user-agent information extracted from the packet
received from the terminal device, which is operated by the
individual user, in the storage unit so as to correspond to the
user identification information of the individual user. A user ID
inputted by the individual user operating the terminal device and
another identification information uniquely defined from the user
ID may be applied to the user identification information. The
user-agent information may directly be stored in the storage unit,
preferably from the viewpoint of security, the user-agent
information may be stored in the storage unit after encrypted by
using a known encryption method such as a method with a hash
function and the like.
[0015] The determination unit of claim 1 of the invention
determines whether or not the user operating the given terminal
device is a valid user by verifying the user-agent information
extracted by the extraction unit from the packet received from the
given terminal device, against the user-agent information which is
stored in the storage unit so as to correspond to the user
identification information of the user operating the given terminal
device. As described above, because it can be deemed that the
user-agent information transmitted from each terminal device is
substantially kept fixed, by verifying the user-agent information
extracted from the received packet against the user-agent
information stored in the storage unit so as to correspond to the
user identification information of the user operating the given
terminal device, it can be determined whether or not the terminal
device from which the packet is currently received is the terminal
device which is previously used by the same user, and, based on the
determination, it can be determined whether or not the user
operating the terminal device from which the packet is currently
received is a valid user.
[0016] In the case where HTTP is applied as the protocol of the
application layer, because the user-agent information is always set
in the HTTP header of the packet received from the terminal device,
the user (terminal device) confirmation with the user-agent
information has greater versatility than that of the technique
disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No.
2000-209284 which cannot be applied to the terminal devices except
for the terminal device connected to the network through the
telephone exchange, and the user confirmation with the user-agent
information has the accuracy of confirmation higher than that of
the technique of using the IP address which is probably changed in
each access. Additionally, the troublesome task such as the
installation of the electronic certificate in the terminal device
is not required in the user confirmation with the user-agent
information. Accordingly, the invention of claim 1 can improve the
accuracy of user validation without reducing the user's
convenience.
[0017] In the invention of claim 1, when IP (Internet Protocol) is
applied as a protocol of an Internet layer in communication with
the terminal device, for example as described in claim 2, it is
preferably configured such that the extraction unit further
extracts an access source IP address from the packet, the
information management unit stores the access source IP address and
the user-agent information extracted by the extraction unit from a
packet received from a terminal device operated by an individual
user, in the storage unit so as to correspond to user
identification information of the individual user, and the
determination unit determines whether or not a user operating a
given terminal device is a valid user by determining whether or not
an access source IP address and user-agent information extracted
from a packet received from the given terminal device correspond to
an access source IP address and user-agent information stored in
the storage unit so as to correspond to user identification
information of the user operating the given terminal device.
[0018] As described above, although it can be deemed that the
user-agent information transmitted from each terminal device is
substantially kept fixed, in a default setting of the application
such as a browser, contents of the user-agent information are
changed when a new patch is applied to an OS or the browser or when
a version upgrade or exchange of the OS or the browser is
performed. In the case where the user performs a setting such that
a desired character string is transmitted as the user-agent
information, the character string transmitted as the user-agent
information may be changed by the user. On the other hand, although
the IP address allocated to the individual terminal device may be
possibly different in each access, the IP addresses (global IP
addresses) for allocating the terminals which are possessed by the
individual provider are different from one another within a fixed
range, and each terminal accesses the web site through the fixed
provider, and therefore, although the IP address allocated to the
individual terminal in each access is not always kept fixed, the
degree of coincidence is high in the case, for example, the upper
several bits are always kept fixed.
[0019] On the basis of the above, in the invention of claim 2, an
access source IP address in addition to the user agent information
is extracted from the packet, the access source IP address and the
user-agent information extracted by the extraction unit from the
packet received from the terminal device operated by an individual
user, is stored in the storage unit so as to correspond to the user
identification information of the individual user, and it is
determined whether or not the user operating a given terminal
device is a valid user by determining whether or not the access
source IP address and the user-agent information extracted from the
packet received from the given terminal device correspond to the
access source IP address and the user-agent information which are
stored in the storage unit so as to correspond to the user
identification information of the user operating the given terminal
device, and accordingly, the accuracy of user validation can
further be improved.
[0020] In providing service (referred to as
information-transmitting service) in which certain information is
distributed to the individual user which has been registered in
advance according to a request of the individual user, in the case
where the user validation apparatus according to the invention is
used when confirming whether or not the user who requests the
distribution of the information is a valid user (who has been
registered in advance), a demand level of the accuracy of user
validation for the user validation apparatus is relatively low, on
the contrary, in the case where different kinds of service are
provided to the individual users such that financial transactions
such as balance inquiry, deposits and withdrawals inquiry, direct
deposit, and money transfer are performed according to an
instruction from the individual user, the extremely high accuracy
of user validation may be required for the user validation
apparatus according to the invention.
[0021] Therefore, in the invention of claim 1 or 2, for example as
described in claim 3, it may be configured such that the storage
unit stores a password set in advance for each individual user so
as to correspond to the user identification information of the
individual user, and the determination unit makes the determination
(whether the user operating the given terminal device is a valid
user) based on information extracted by the extraction unit, when a
combination of the user identification information and the password
inputted by the user operating the given terminal device is stored
in the storage unit. In the invention of claim 3, in addition to
the conventional user validation (authentication) based on the
combination of the user identification information and the
password, the user validation is performed based on the user-agent
information (and the access source IP address), and therefore, the
accuracy of user validation can further be improved, and
additionally, even if a third party which illegally obtains the
user identification information and the password of a valid user
illegally accesses the web site while disguising their identity as
that of a valid user, the illegal access can be detected and
prevented.
[0022] Although the IP address allocated to the terminal device is
different in each access, the degree of coincidence is high in the
IP address in each access. From this standpoint, in the invention
of claim 2, for example as described in claim 4, the determination
unit is preferably configured such that, for the access source IP
address extracted from the received packet, the determination unit
determines whether or not the access source IP address extracted
from the received packet corresponds to the access source IP
address stored in the storage unit by determining whether or not a
coincidence ratio in a predetermined bit unit to the access source
IP address stored in the storage unit is equal to or higher than a
threshold, and, for the user-agent information extracted from the
received packet, the determination unit determines whether or not
the user-agent information extracted from the received packet
corresponds to the user-agent information stored in the storage
unit by determining whether or not the user-agent information
extracted from the received packet is identical to the user-agent
information stored in the storage unit. Therefore, it can
accurately be determined whether or not the access source IP
address and the user-agent information extracted from the received
packet correspond to the access source IP address and the
user-agent information stored in the storage unit.
[0023] In the invention of claim 1 or 2, in the case where the
access from the individual user is restricted only to an access
from each fixed terminal device, each one piece of the user-agent
information (and the access source IP address) may be stored in the
storage unit for the individual user, and therefore, in the
invention of claim 2, when the individual user can be permitted to
access from each indefinite terminal device, for example as
described in claim 5, the information management unit is preferably
configured such that, as a result of verifying the access source IP
address and the user-agent information extracted from the received
packet against the access source IP address and the user-agent
information stored in the storage unit, when the determination unit
determines that the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the received packet do not correspond to
the access source IP address and the user-agent information stored
in the storage unit, the information management unit additionally
stores the access source IP address and the user-agent information
extracted from the received packet in the storage unit so as to
correspond to the user identification information, and, when the
plurality of sets of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information are stored in the storage unit so as to
correspond to the user identification information of the user
operating the given terminal device, the determination unit
determines whether or not the user operating the given terminal
device is a valid user by respectively verifying the access source
IP address and the user-agent information extracted from the packet
received from the given terminal against a plurality of sets of the
access source IP address and the user-agent information.
[0024] In the invention of claim 5, in the case where the
individual user accesses the web site through the new terminal
device which is not used previously, the determination unit
determines that the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the received packet are the access
source IP address and the user-agent information stored in the
storage unit, and thereby it is determined that the user is not a
valid user, in this case, the information management unit
additionally stores the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the received packet in the storage unit
so as to correspond to the user identification information. When
the plural sets of the access source IP address and the user-agent
information corresponding to the user identification information of
the user operating the given terminal device are stored in the
storage unit, the determination unit respectively verifies the
access source IP address and the user-agent information extracted
from the packet received from the given terminal device against the
plural registered sets of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information, and thereby it is determined whether or not
the user operating the given terminal device is a valid user, and
accordingly, in the subsequent accesses through the new terminal
device, it is determined that user operating the given terminal
device is a valid user.
[0025] Thus, according to the invention of claim 5, the individual
user can access by using a desired terminal device in plural
terminal devices such as terminal devices placed in home or in the
office. Even if the individual user are permitted to access the web
site from each indefinite terminal device, the number of terminal
devices used by the individual user is frequently limited, and
therefore it is hardly determined in each time that the user is not
a valid user since the user hardly accesses the web site through
the new terminal device in each time.
[0026] In the invention of claim 5, in the case where it is
determined that the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the received packet do not correspond to
the access source IP address and the user-agent information stored
in the storage unit, the information management unit may
additionally stores the access source IP address and the user-agent
information in the storage unit only when the user operating the
terminal device of the packet source is validated to be a valid
user by a method different from the determination unit.
[0027] In the invention of claim 5, for example as described in
claim 6, the determination unit may be configured such that, when
the plurality of sets of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information are stored in the storage unit so as to
correspond to the user identification information of the user
operating the given terminal device, the determination unit
determines that the user operating the given terminal device is a
valid user when the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the received packet correspond to at
least one set of the access source IP address and the user-agent
information among the plurality of sets of the access source IP
address and the user-agent information stored in the storage unit.
Therefore, even if a valid user accesses the web site by
selectively using the plural terminal devices, the determination of
a valid user can be made with high accuracy.
[0028] In the invention of claim 5, for example as described in
claim 7, the determination unit may be configured such that, when
the plurality of sets of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information are stored in the storage unit so as to
correspond to the user identification information of the user
operating the given terminal device, the determination unit
determines that the user operating the given terminal device is not
a valid user when no set of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information, that is determined to respectively
correspond to the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the received packet, exists among the
plurality of sets of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information stored in the storage unit. Accordingly,
even if a third party which is not a valid user accesses the web
site, by comparing with the past access, it can be determined that
it is not a valid user based on the fact that at least one of the
access source IP address or the user-agent information differs from
the access source IP address and the user-agent information stored
in the storage unit. Therefore, the third party which is not a
valid user can accurately be distinguished from a valid user.
[0029] In the invention of claim 7, even if the user operating the
terminal device of the packet source is a valid user, in the case
of the particular usage environment such as the case in which the
user accesses the web site in each time by using a different
terminal device in the plural terminal devices, and the case in
which, although the user accesses the web site by using the fixed
terminal device, the terminal device used for the access is a
portable terminal device such as a notebook PC, or the user
accesses the web site in each time by using a different hot spot (a
site where public wireless LAN can be used), an disadvantage in
that it is determined that the user operating the terminal device
of the packet source is not a valid user, because no set of the
access source IP address and the user-agent information which is
determined to respectively correspond to the access source IP
address and the user-agent information extracted from the received
packet exists among the plural sets of the access source IP address
and the user-agent information stored in the storage unit.
[0030] In consideration of the above, in the invention of claim 7,
for example as described in claim 8, the information management
unit is preferably configured such that, when notified that the
user who has been determined by the determination unit not to be a
valid user, has been determined to be a valid user by a
confirmation method different from the user validation of the
determination unit, the information management unit stores
predetermined identification information in the storage unit so as
to correspond to the user identification information of the user,
and the determination unit determines that the user operating the
given terminal device is a valid user when the predetermined
identification information is stored in the storage unit so as to
correspond to the user identification information of the user
operating the given terminal device and when, among the plurality
of sets of the access source IP address and the user-agent
information, more than one set of the access source IP address and
the user-agent information exists which is determined to correspond
to the access source IP address extracted from the received packet,
or when more than one set of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information exists which is determined to correspond to
the user-agent information extracted from the received packet.
[0031] In the invention of claim 8, when notified that the user who
has been determined by the determination unit not to be a valid
user, has been determined to be a valid user by the confirmation
method different from the user validation of the determination
unit, it is deemed that the user has the special usage environment,
and the predetermined identification information is stored in the
storage unit so as to correspond to the user identification
information. For the user of which the predetermined indication
information is stored in the storage unit, it is determined that
the user operating the given terminal is a valid user when, among
the plurality of sets of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information, more than one sets of the access source IP
address and the user-agent information exists, which is determined
to correspond to the access source IP address extracted from the
received packet, or when more than one sets of the access source IP
address and the user-agent information exists, which is determined
to correspond to the user-agent information extracted from the
received packet.
[0032] Therefore, for example, in the case where a valid user
accesses the web site in each time by using the different terminal
device in the plural terminal devices, it can be determined that
the user is a valid user based on the fact that more than one sets
of the access source IP address and the user-agent information
exists which is determined to correspond to the access source IP
address extracted from the received packet among the plural stored
sets of the access source IP address and the user-agent
information. In the case where a valid user accesses the web site
by using the different hot spot with the portable terminal device
each time, it can be determined that the user is a valid user based
on the fact that more than one sets of the access source IP address
and the user-agent information exists which is determined to
correspond to the user-agent information extracted from the
received packet among the plural stored sets of the access source
IP address and the user-agent information. Accordingly, according
to the invention of claim 8, the user validation can be performed
with high accuracy even if the user has the special usage
environment.
[0033] In the invention of claim 1 or 2, for example as described
in claim 9, the user validation apparatus preferably further
includes an electronic mail address storage unit which stores an
electronic mail address used by the individual user so as to
correspond to the user identification information of the individual
user; and a transmission unit which transmits the electronic mail,
at which a link to a predetermined web page is added in order to
confirm whether or not the user is a valid user by a method
different from the determination unit, to the electronic mail
address stored in the electronic mail address storage unit so as to
correspond to the user identification information of the user, when
the determination unit determines that the user operating the given
terminal device is not a valid user. Accordingly, an operation by
which the user, who has been determined not to be a valid user,
receives the validation whether or not the user is a valid user by
a method different from the determination unit becomes simple, and
the burden to the user who has been determined not to be a valid
user can be reduced.
[0034] In the invention of claim 5, for example as described in
claim 10, the information management unit may be configured such
that, as a result of verifying the access source IP address and the
user-agent information extracted from the received packet against
each of the plurality of sets of the access source IP address and
the user-agent information stored in the storage unit, when the
determination unit determines that the access source IP address and
the user-agent information extracted from the received packet do
not correspond to any one of plurality of sets of the access source
IP address and the user-agent information stored in the storage
unit, and when the number of sets of the access source IP address
and the user-agent information stored in the storage unit so as to
correspond to the user identification information of the user
operating the given terminal device reaches a predetermined upper
limit value, the information management unit updates the set of the
access source IP address and the user-agent information, of which
time which has been stored in the storage unit is the earliest in
the plurality of sets of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information stored in the storage unit, with the access
source IP address and the user-agent information extracted from the
received packet, and stores the access source IP address and the
user-agent information extracted from the received packet in the
storage unit.
[0035] Accordingly, the number of sets of the access source IP
address and the user-agent information stored in the storage unit
for the individual user can be prevented from exceeding the upper
limit value, the storage capacity of the storage unit can be saved,
and additionally, the number of sets of the access source IP
address and the user-agent information which the determination unit
verifies against the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the received packet also becomes equal
to the upper limit value or less, and thereby the large burden
applied to the determination unit can be prevented.
[0036] In the invention of claim 10, when the determination unit
determines that the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the received packet do not correspond to
any one of the plurality of sets of the access source IP address
and the user-agent information stored in the storage unit, and when
the number of sets of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information stored in the storage unit so as to
correspond to the user identification information of the user
operating the given terminal device reaches a predetermined upper
limit value, the information management unit overwrites and stores
the new access source IP address and the new user-agent information
extracted from the received packet in the storage unit, only when
it is confirmed that the user operating the terminal device of a
packet source is a valid user by a method different from the
determination unit.
[0037] On the other hand, in the invention of claim 10, when the
determination unit determines that the access source IP address and
the user-agent information extracted from the received packet do
not correspond to any one of the plural sets of the access source
IP address and the user-agent information stored in the storage
unit and, when the number of sets of the access source IP address
and the user-agent information stored in the storage unit so as to
correspond to user identification information of the user operating
the given terminal device reaches the predetermined upper limit
value, in the case where the information management unit overwrites
and stores the new access source IP address and the new user-agent
information with no condition (as described above, not depending on
whether or not it is confirmed that the user is a valid user by the
method different from the determination unit), the information
corresponding to a valid user may be possibly overwritten and
deleted when the new access source IP address and the new
user-agent information are information corresponding to the illegal
access, and in this case, by determining that the access from a
valid access is "not a valid user", and thereby effects that the
existence of the illegal access can be detected can be
obtained.
[0038] In the invention of claim 5, for example as described in
claim 11, the information management unit is preferably configured
such that, as a result of respectively verifying the access source
IP address and the user-agent information extracted from the
received packet against the plurality of sets of the access source
IP address and the user-agent information stored in the storage
unit, when the determination unit determines that the access source
IP address and the user-agent information extracted from the
received packet correspond to a specific set of the access source
IP address and the user-agent information among the plurality of
sets of the access source IP address and the user-agent information
stored in the storage unit, the information management unit
overwrites the specific set of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information with at least the user-agent information of
the set of the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the received packet, and stores the
user-agent information in the storage unit.
[0039] As described above, in the case where the default setting of
the application such as the browser is used, contents of the
user-agent information are changed when the new patch is applied to
the OS or the browser, or when the version upgrade or exchange of
the OS or the browser is performed. In the case where the user
performs the setting such that the desired character string is
transmitted as the user-agent information, contents of the
user-agent information are changed when the user changes the
character string transmitted as the user-agent information.
However, once the contents of user-agent information are changed,
the contents are not changed for a while. Therefore, as described
above, the specific set of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information which is determined to correspond to the
access source IP address and the user-agent information stored in
the storage unit is overwritten without at least the user-agent
information of the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the received packet, and the user-agent
information is stored in the storage unit, and thereby, for at
least the user-agent information, the latest information is stored
in the storage unit, and the accuracy of subsequent user validation
can be improved. In the invention of claim 11, obviously the access
source IP address extracted from the received packet may be
overwritten and stored along with the user-agent information.
[0040] A user validation method of claim 12 of the invention
includes extracting user-agent information set in an HTTP header of
a packet received from a terminal device operated by an individual
user by applying HTTP as a protocol of an application layer, and
storing the extracted user-agent information in a storage unit so
as to correspond to user identification information of the
individual user; and extracting user-agent information set in an
HTTP header of a packet received from a given terminal device by
applying HTTP as the protocol of the application layer, and
determining whether or not a user operating the given terminal
device is a valid user by verifying the extracted user-agent
information against user-agent information stored in the storage
unit so as to correspond to user identification information of the
user operating the given terminal device. Accordingly, similarly to
the invention of claim 1, the accuracy of user validation can be
improved without reducing the user's convenience.
[0041] A user validation program of claim 13 of the invention
causes a computer comprising a storage unit to act as: an
extraction unit which extracts user-agent information set in an
HTTP header of a packet received from a terminal device by applying
HTTP as a protocol of an application layer; an information
management unit which stores the user-agent information extracted
by the extraction unit from the packet received from the terminal
device, which is operated by an individual user, in a storage unit
so as to correspond to user identification information of the
individual user; and a determination unit which determines whether
or not a user operating a given terminal device is a valid user by
verifying user-agent information extracted by the extraction unit
from a packet received from the given terminal device against
user-agent information which is stored in the storage unit so as to
correspond to user identification information of the user operating
the given terminal device.
[0042] A user validation program of claim 13 of the invention
causes a computer comprising the storage unit to act as the
extraction unit, the information management unit, and the
determination unit, and accordingly, the computer executes the user
validation program of claim 13, and thereby the computer acts as
the user validation apparatus of claim 1, and therefore, similarly
to the invention of claim 1, the accuracy of user validation can be
improved without reducing the user's convenience.
Effect of the Invention
[0043] As described above, in the invention, the user-agent
information extracted from the HTTP header of the packet, which is
received from the terminal device operated by the individual user
by applying HTTP as the protocol of the application layer to the
terminal device, is stored in the storage unit so as to correspond
to the user identification information of the individual user, and,
the user-agent information extracted from the HTTP header of the
packet received from the given terminal device is verified against
the user-agent information which is stored so as to correspond to
the user identification information of the user operating the given
terminal device, and thereby it is determined whether or not the
user operating the given terminal device is a valid user.
Therefore, the invention has the excellent effect of being able to
improve the accuracy of user validation without reducing the user's
convenience.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0044] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration
of a computer system according to an embodiment;
[0045] FIG. 2 is a conceptual view explaining addition and removal
of a header in each layer when HTTP data is transmitted from a
client terminal to a server;
[0046] FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing contents of a user
authentication process performed by an application server;
[0047] FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing contents of usage history
information;
[0048] FIG. 5 is a view showing a criterion for authentication
success/failure based on the usage history information;
[0049] FIG. 6 is a screen image showing an example of a
re-authentication request e-mail;
[0050] FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing contents of a usage history
table update process; and
[0051] FIG. 8 is a screen image showing an example of a
confirmation e-mail.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0052] An embodiment of the invention will be described in detail
with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a computer system 10
according to the embodiment. The computer system 10 of the
embodiment includes a web server 12 placed in a financial
institution. The web server 12 includes CPU 12A, a memory 12B
formed by RAM and the like, a hard disk drive (HDD) 12C, and a
network interface (I/F) unit 12D. An authentication information
database (DB) and a usage history table (described in detail later)
are stored in HDD 12C, and HDD 12C corresponds to the storage unit
according to the invention. A user authentication program is
installed in HDD 12C, and CPU 12A performs a later-mentioned user
authentication process using the user authentication program. The
user authentication program corresponds to the user validation
program of claim 13, CPU 12A executes the user authentication
program, and thereby the web server 12 acts as the user validation
apparatus according to the invention.
[0053] The network I/F unit 12D of the web server 12 is directly
connected to a computer network (the Internet) 16 in which many web
servers are connected to one another through a communication line,
and the network I/F unit 12D is also connected to an intranet (LAN)
26 which is placed in a financial institution. An account system 28
is connected to the intranet 26. Many client terminals 18 formed by
PCs and the like are connected to the Internet 16. The browser is
installed in each client terminal 18, and the client terminal 18
corresponds to the terminal device according to the invention. In
the mode in which the client terminal 18 is connected to the
Internet 16, there is a case in that the client terminal 18 may be
directly connected to the Internet 16 like the client terminal
designated by the numeral 18A of FIG. 1 (particularly the client
terminal 18 is connected to the Internet 16 through a provider (not
shown)), and there is another case in that the client terminal 18
may be connected to the Internet 16 through a proxy server 22
placed in a firm like the client terminal designated by the numeral
18B.
[0054] Next, operation of the embodiment will be described. The
financial institution according to the embodiment provides online
financial transaction acceptance service as service with which the
user having a bank account of the financial institution can perform
an online financial transaction, wherein an instruction for
executing the online financial transaction is accepted from the
user who uses an online financial transaction web site operated by
the web server 12. In the financial transaction utilizing the
online financial transaction acceptance service, the user browses a
web page of the online financial transaction web site through the
client terminal 18, and the user inputs necessary information of
the web page to transmit information (financial transaction
instruction information) for providing an instruction for executing
the financial transaction desired by the user to the web server 12
through the client terminal 18. The financial transaction
instruction information is transferred from the web server 12 to
the account system 28 connected to the intranet 26, and thereby the
financial transaction instructed by the user is performed by the
account system 28 based on the financial transaction instruction
information.
[0055] The user who uses the online financial transaction
acceptance service applies for the usage of the service to the
financial institution in advance. The financial institution imparts
a user ID (corresponds to the user identification information
according to the invention) to the user each time the user applies
for the usage of the service, and the financial institution
registers the imparted user ID along with a password (corresponds
to the authentication information according to the invention) and
an electronic mail address noticed from the user (electronic mail
address used by the user) in the authentication information DB
stored in HDD 12C of the web server 12. Thus, HDD 12C corresponds
to the storage unit of claim 3 and the electronic mail address
storage unit of claim 9.
[0056] Then, the packet which is transmitted from the client
terminal 18 to the web server 12 when the user provides the
instruction for accessing the online financial transaction web site
through the client terminal 18 will be described. In the
communication between the client terminal 18 and the web server 12
through the Internet 16, IP is applied as the protocol of an
Internet layer, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is applied as
the protocol of a transport layer, and HTTP is applied as the
protocol of an application layer. The instruction for accessing the
online financial transaction web site is provided in such a manner
that the user operates an input device of the client terminal 18 to
specify URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of the online financial
transaction web site in the condition that the browser has been
launched on the client terminal 18.
[0057] When the instruction for accessing the online financial
transaction web site is provided, the browser which is an
application program for performing a process corresponding to the
application layer generates HTTP data, at which information
necessary to make a request for distributing the web page
corresponding to the specified URL is set, and adds the HTTP
header, at which Information corresponding to the application layer
is set, to a. leading end of the HTTP data (see FIG. 2). In the
case where a later-mentioned authentication request packet is
transmitted from the client terminal 18 to the web server 12,
information including the user ID and the password which the user
inputted through the client terminal 18 are set in the HTTP data.
The user-agent information is included in the information set in
the HTTP header, and the information indicating the version of the
OS or the browser running on the client terminal 18 and the
information indicating how many patches are applied are set as the
user-agent information in the default-setting browser. The browser
setting can be changed such that a given character string is
fixedly set as the user-agent information, and the character
strings which has been specified in advance is set as the
user-agent information when the setting is changed.
[0058] Processing modules which perform processes corresponding to
the transport layer, the Internet layer, and the network interface
layer respectively are operating on the client terminal 18. As
shown in FIG. 2, the information generated by the browser (HTTP
data to which the HTTP header is added) is sequentially transferred
from an upper-layer processing module to a lower-layer processing
module, and the processing module of each layer performs a process
corresponding to each layer and a process of adding a header, in
which information corresponding to each layer is set, to the
leading end of the transferred information. Therefore, the client
terminal 18 transmits the HTTP data in the form of the packet to
web server 12 to which a network header corresponding to the
network interface layer, an IP header corresponding to the Internet
layer, a TCP header corresponding to the transport layer, and the
HTTP header corresponding to the application layer are added
respectively.
[0059] Information such as a destination IP address indicating a
destination of the packet and a source IP address (IP address
imparted to the client terminal 18) are set as information
corresponding to the Internet layer in the IP header by the
processing module corresponding to the Internet layer. Information
such as a TCP port number is set as information corresponding to
the transport layer in the TCP header by the processing module
corresponding to the transport layer.
[0060] The processing modules of the layers are operating on the
web server 12, and the packet from the client terminal 18 is
sequentially transferred from the lower-layer processing module to
the upper-layer processing module. The processing module of each
layer refers to the header corresponding to each layer which is
added to the leading end of the transferred packet, and performs
the process corresponding to each layer based on the information
set in the header, and then the processing module performs a
process of removing the header. Therefore, the HTTP data in which
only the HTTP header is added to the leading end thereof is
transferred to the processing module (also including a processing
module performing a later-mentioned user authentication process) of
the application layer operating on the web server 12.
[0061] In the later-mentioned user authentication process, the web
server 12 performs a process using the source IP address (access
source IP address) set in the IP header of the packet received from
the client terminal 18. However, the source IP address cannot be
detected because the IP header has been already removed at the time
the processing module performing the user authentication process
receives the packet. Therefore, the processing module of the
Internet layer operating on the web server 12 performs a process of
adding the source IP address, set in the IP header of the packet
received from the client terminal 18, to the HTTP data, and thereby
the source IP address is transmitted to the processing module
(which performs the user authentication process) of the application
layer.
[0062] In the web server 12, when a certain packet is received from
the client terminal 18 through the Internet 16, a predetermined
processing module (which is also the processing module
corresponding to the application layer) running on the web server
12 determines whether or not the packet received from the client
terminal 18 is an authentication request packet based on whether or
not predetermined information is set in the HTTP data.
[0063] The online financial transaction web site is an aggregate of
the many web pages correlated with one another by a link, and a
financial transaction execution instruction page is displayed by
tracking back the link from the home page of the web site, in which
the user can specify a condition of the financial transaction which
the user desires and provide an instruction to perform the
financial transaction. Input fields for inputting the user ID and
the password are provided, and a message for encouraging the user
to perform a login operation (input of the user ID and the
password) is also displayed in the home page of the online
financial transaction web site. When the user inputs the user ID
and the password in the corresponding input fields of the home page
and transmits the user ID and the password, the authentication
request packet in which predetermined information is set in the
HTTP data is transmitted from the client terminal 18 which the user
operates.
[0064] When a predetermined processing module determines that the
packet received from the client terminal 18 is not the
authentication request packet, the predetermined processing module
performs a process corresponding to the received packet, e.g., a
process in which the HTTP data for distributing the home page data
of the online financial transaction web site to the source client
terminal 18 is generated to add the HTTP header to the generated
HTTP data. The HTTP data and HTTP header are transmitted as the
packet to the client terminal 18 through a process opposite the
process shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, the web page which the user has
requested through the client terminal 18 is displayed on a display
of the client terminal 18.
[0065] On the other hand, when the predetermined processing module
determines that the packet received from the client terminal 18 is
the authentication request packet, the predetermined processing
module starts a processing module which performs the user
authentication process. Therefore, the user authentication program
is executed by CPU 12A, and the user authentication process shown
in FIG. 3 is performed.
[0066] In the user authentication process, the user ID and the
password are extracted from the HTTP data of the received
authentication request packet in Step 30, and an authentication
process of searching whether or not the combination of the user ID
and the password extracted in Step 30 is registered in the
authentication information DB is performed in Step 32. In Step 34,
it is determined whether or not the authentication is successful in
the authentication process of Step 32 based on whether or not the
combination of the user ID and the password is extracted from the
authentication information DB by the search of Step 32. When the
determination is negative, the flow goes to Step 74, the
predetermined processing module of the start-up source is notified
of the authentication failure, and the user authentication process
is ended. In this case, the predetermined processing module
performs an error process of displaying a message for notifying
that the inputted user ID or password is wrong on the display of
the client terminal 18 of the authentication request packet
source.
[0067] On the other hand, when the authentication is successful in
the authentication process of Step 32 (which corresponds to "the
combination of the user identification information and the password
is stored in the storage unit" of claim 3), the determination of
Step 34 is affirmative, and the flow goes to Step 36, and the
access source IP address (source IP address) is extracted from the
HTTP data of the received authentication request packet, and the
user-agent information is extracted from the HTTP header of the
authentication request packet. Step 36 corresponds to the
extraction unit according to the invention (in particular, the
extraction unit of claim 2). In the next Step 38, the user-agent
information corresponding to the user ID extracted in Step 30 is
extracted from the usage history table stored in HDD 12C, and the
extracted usage history information is stored in the memory
12B.
[0068] Areas for storing usage history information shown in FIG. 4
for each user (valid user), who applies for the usage of the online
financial transaction acceptance service and the user ID is given
in advance, is provided in the usage history table according to the
embodiment. Areas for storing and registering a customer ID, a
transaction suspension flag, a special environment flag, a
verification determination threshold, and each piece of information
of an index, and further areas where two sets of the access source
IP address and the user-agent information can be registered are
provided in a usage history information storage area corresponding
to each user.
[0069] The customer ID which is generated from an account number
registered in a customer master by using a hash function is
registered in the customer ID area in advance. The transaction
suspension flag is a flag which indicates whether or not the
authentication in a normal route (based on the access source IP
address and the user-agent information) is stopped, and 0 (zero)
(meaning that the authentication is valid in the normal route)
which is an initial value of the transaction suspension flag is
initially set in the transaction suspension flag area. The special
environment flag is a flag which indicates whether or not an
environment for the usage of the user is special, and 0 (zero)
(meaning the normal environment) which is an initial value of the
special environment flag is initially set in the special
environment flag area. The index id is information which indicates
which of the two sets of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information (IP0 and UA0, and IP1 and UA1) registered as
the usage history information are the latest, and An initial value
0 (zero) (meaning that IP0 and UA0 are the latest) is set in the
index area. Blanks (no information) are set as the initial value in
the access source IP address area and the user-agent information
area, respectively.
[0070] In the above Step 38, the customer master (not shown) is
searched by using the user ID extracted in the previous Step 30 as
a key, and thereby the account number of the bank account possessed
by the user to whom the user ID is imparted is extracted, and then,
the customer ID is obtained from the extracted account number by
using the hash function, the usage history table is searched by
using the obtained customer ID as a key, and thereby the usage
history information corresponding to the user ID is extracted. In
the next Step 40, it is determined whether or not the transaction
suspension flag in the extracted usage history information is 1
(one). When the determination is negative, the flow goes to Step
42, and it is determined whether or not at least one set of the
access source IP address and the user-agent information is
registered in the extracted usage history information.
[0071] As described above, in the usage history information area,
blanks are set as the initial value in the access source IP address
area and the user-agent information area. When the user who applies
for the usage of the online financial transaction acceptance
service accesses to the online financial transaction web site more
than one time, the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the authentication request packet in
Step 36 is registered as the usage history information (details are
described later). When the access source IP address and the
user-agent information has been already registered as the usage
history information, the determination of Step 42 is affirmative,
and the flow goes to Step 44, and the access source IP address and
the user-agent information extracted from the authentication
request packet in Step 36 are verified against the access source IP
address and the user-agent information registered as the usage
history information.
[0072] The verification of the IP address is performed as follows.
The IP address is a four-byte data. In the embodiment, when the
access source IP address is registered in the access source IP
address area, a hash value is computed for each byte by using the
hash function, and the four hash values are registered as the
access source IP address. Therefore, the hash value is also
computed for each byte for the access source IP address extracted
in Step 36, the obtained four hash values are compared to the four
hash values registered in the access source IP address area, and a
coincidence ratio is obtained in hash value unit. The obtained
coincidence ratio is compared with a verification determination
threshold set as the usage history information, and when the
coincidence ratio is equal to or higher than the threshold, it is
determined that the current access source IP address "corresponds
to" the registered IP address, and when the coincidence ratio is
lower than the threshold, it is determined that the current access
source IP address "does not correspond to" the registered IP
address.
[0073] In the mode in which the client terminal 18A is directly
connected to the Internet 16 as shown in FIG. 1, there is a case in
that the IP address (global IP address) of the client terminal 18A
may be fixed in advance by a contract with the provider, and there
is another case in that an indefinite IP address may be allocated
by the provider each time of connection to the Internet 16 (one of
the IP addresses within a fixed range which the provider has been
secured for the allocation in advance). In the connection mode in
which the client terminal 18B is connected to the Internet 16
through the proxy server 22 placed in the firm as shown in FIG. 1,
for example, in the case where the firm obtains the dedicated
domain to secure the IP addresses within a fixed range for the
allocation in advance, the packet transmitted from the client
terminal 18B is transmitted to the Internet 16 after the proxy
server 22 overwrites the source IP address set in the IP header
with one of the IP addresses within the fixed range which the firm
has secured for the allocation in advance.
[0074] Accordingly, even with a client terminal 18 of which the
allocated IP address is indefinite, because the allocated IP
address falls within the fixed range (the allocated IP address has
the same upper bytes), when the online financial transaction web
site is accessed from the same access source (address of the client
terminal 18 on the Internet 16) as the case where the online
financial transaction web site is accessed previously, it can be
determined that the current IP address corresponds to the
registered IP address by determining whether or not the current IP
address corresponds to the registered IP address based on whether
or not the coincidence ratio of the IP address is equal to or
higher than the threshold.
[0075] Regarding the user-agent information, when the current
user-agent information is identical to the registered user-agent
information, it is determined that the current user-agent
information "corresponds to" the registered user-agent information,
and when the current user-agent information is not identical to the
registered user-agent information, it is determined that the
current user-agent information "does not correspond to" the
registered user-agent information. The above determination made by
the verification of the access source IP address and the user-agent
information corresponds to the invention described in claim 4. In
the case where the two sets of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information are registered as the usage history
information, the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the authentication request packet are
verified against the registered two sets of the access source IP
address and the user-agent information respectively.
[0076] In the next Step 46, it is determined which of "success",
"conditional success", or "failure" corresponds to the
authentication of the user operating the client terminal 18 of the
authentication request packet source based on the verification
result of the access source IP address and the user-agent
information in Step 44, and the flow is branched in accordance with
the determination result. The determination is made according to a
determination table shown in FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, "OK" corresponds to
the case in which it is determined in the verification of Step 44
that the current access source IP address or the current user-agent
information correspond to the registered access source IP address
or the registered user-agent information respectively, and "x"
corresponds to the case in which it is determined that the current
access source IP address or the current user-agent information does
not correspond to the registered access source IP address or the
registered user-agent information respectively. In FIG. 5, the
"latest" access source IP address and the "latest" user-agent
information express the access source IP address and the user-agent
information which are indicated by the index id of the usage
history information in the two sets of the access source IP address
and the user-agent information registered as the usage history
information, and the "previous" access source IP address and the
"previous" user-agent information express the other access source
IP address and the other user-agent information. In the case where
only one set of the access source IP address and the user-agent
information ("latest" information) is registered as the usage
history information, assuming that both the verification result of
the "previous" access source IP address and the "previous"
user-agent information do not correspond to the registered access
source IP address and the registered user-agent information, the
determination of Step 46 is made. The above Steps 44 and 46 as well
as the later-mentioned Step 64 correspond to the determination unit
according to the invention (a determination unit of claims 2 to 8,
in particular).
[0077] In the case where the verification result of the previous
Step 44 satisfies a condition (for convenience, referred to as a
first condition) that "the access source IP address and the
user-agent information extracted from the authentication request
packet respectively correspond to at least one set of the access
source IP address and the user-agent information in the two sets of
the access source IP address and the user-agent information
registered as the usage history information," because it can be
deemed that the current access has the same access source and the
client terminal 18 as the case where the same user accesses the
online financial transaction web site previously, there is the
extremely high possibility that the user operating the client
terminal 18 of the authentication request packet source is a valid
user. Therefore, in Step 46, in the above case, it is determined
that the authentication is "success" as shown by "authentication
success" in FIG. 5.
[0078] On the other hand, when the verification result of the
previous Step 44 satisfies a condition (for convenience, referred
to as a second condition) that "no set of the access source IP
address and the user-agent information which corresponds to the
access source IP address and the user-agent information extracted
from the authentication request packet exists in the sets of the
access source IP address and the user-agent information registered
as the usage history information," because at least one of the
access source or the client terminal 18 in the current access
differs from the case where the same user accesses the online
financial transaction web site previously, there is high
possibility that the user operating the client terminal 18 of the
authentication request packet source is not a valid user.
[0079] However, there is possibility that the user among the many
users may have a special usage environment, for example, the user
possesses the many client terminals 18 which can be used to access
the online financial transaction web site, and the user accesses
the online financial transaction web site through an indefinite
client terminal 18 among the many client terminals 18 (in this
case, there is high probability that the pieces of user-agent
information differ from one another in each access), or the user
uses different hot spots in each time to access the online
financial transaction web site by using a portable client terminal
18 such as a notebook PC (in this case, there is high probability
that the access source IP addresses differ largely from one another
in each access), and such users who have the special usage
environment also correspond to the second condition.
[0080] Therefore, in the case where the verification result in Step
44 satisfies a condition (for convenience, referred to as a third
condition) that "it is determined that both the two sets of the
access source IP address and the user-agent information registered
as the usage history information correspond to the access source IP
address extracted from the authentication request packet or the
user-agent information extracted from the authentication request
packet," it is determined in Step 46 that the authentication is
"conditional success" as shown by "authentication conditional
success" in FIG. 5. In the case where the verification result in
Step 44 satisfies the second condition while not satisfying the
third condition, it is determined that the authentication is
"failure" as shown by "authentication failure" in FIG. 5.
[0081] When it is determined that the authentication is "success"
in Step 46, the flow goes to Step 48 to determine whether or not
the special environment flag of the usage history information is 1
(one). When the determination is negative, the flow goes to Step
52, the predetermined processing module of the start-up source is
notified of the authentication success. In this case, the
predetermined module performs the process of distributing the
predetermined web page, which is distributed only to the user who
is confirmed to be a valid user, to the client terminal 18 of the
authentication request packet source is performed. In the next Step
54, it is determined whether or not the access source IP address
and the user-agent information extracted from the authentication
request packet correspond to the "latest" access source IP address
and the "latest" user-agent information indicated by the index id
in the access source IP address and the user-agent information
registered as the usage history information.
[0082] When the determination is affirmative, the flow goes to Step
60, the "latest" access source IP address and the "latest"
user-agent information registered as the usage history information
are overwritten with the access source IP address and the
user-agent information extracted from the authentication request
packet, and the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the authentication request packet are
registered, and then, the flow goes to Step S62. When the
determination of Step 54 is negative, the flow goes to Step 56, the
"previous" access source IP address and the "previous" user-agent
information (the access source IP address and the "previous"
user-agent information which are not indicated by the index id)
registered as the usage history information are overwritten with
the access source IP address and the user-agent information
extracted from the authentication request packet, and the access
source IP address and the user-agent information extracted from the
authentication request packet are registered (in the case where the
access source IP address and the user-agent information to be
overwritten are the "blanks", the update registration of Step 56
corresponds to the "additional storage" of claim 5). In the next
Step 58, the access source IP address and the user-agent
information which has been overwritten and registered in Step 56
are changed to the "latest" access source IP address and the
"latest" user-agent information by inverting the bit of the index
id.
[0083] In Step 62, the usage history information stored in the
memory 12B is re-written in the usage history table, and thereby
the usage history information of the usage history table is updated
and the user authentication process ends. Like the above Steps 60
and 56, the access source IP address and the user-agent information
registered as the usage history information are overwritten with
the access source IP address and the user-agent information
extracted from the authentication request packet, and the access
source IP address and the user-agent information extracted from the
authentication request packet are registered. Therefore, the
accuracy of verification of Step 44 and the accuracy of
determination of Step 46 can be improved when the user
authentication process is performed again for the same user. Steps
54 to 62 correspond to the information management unit according to
the invention (the information management unit of claims 2, 5, and
11, in particular).
[0084] On the other hand, when it is determined that the
authentication of the previous Step 46 is "failure", the flow goes
to Step 68, and the transaction suspension flag in the usage
history information is set to 1 (one). Even in the case where it is
determined that the authentication in Step 46 is "failure", there
is the possibility that the user operating the client terminal 18
of the authentication request packet source may be a valid user.
With this point in view, in the next Step 70, an electronic mail
address which is stored in the authentication information DB so as
to correspond to the user ID extracted in Step 32 is read, and a
re-authentication request e-mail is transmitted to the read
electronic mail address. In an example shown in FIG. 6, a link 100
to the web page dedicated to the re-authentication is added to the
re-authentication request e-mail which confirms whether or not the
user operating the client terminal 18 of the authentication request
packet source is a valid user by an authentication method different
from the normal route. Step 70 corresponds to the transmission unit
of claim 9.
[0085] In Step 72, the predetermined processing module of the
start-up source is notified of the authentication failure, and the
flow goes to Step 54. Accordingly, as described above, the update
and registration of the access source IP address and the user-agent
information extracted from the authentication request packet are
performed in the usage history information, and the usage history
information is re-written in the usage history table. Then, the
user authentication process is ended.
[0086] As described above, the transaction suspension flag is set
to 1 (one) when it is determined that the authentication of Step 46
is "failure", and therefore, in the case where the user
authentication process is performed again to the same user, the
determination of Step 40 is affirmative and the flow goes to Step
70, and thereby the authentication is not performed in the normal
route (the authentication based on the access source IP address and
the user-agent information), but the re-authentication request
e-mail is transmitted again (Step 68) to notify the predetermined
processing module of the start-up source of the authentication
failure again (Step 72). Accordingly, in the case where the
previous user authentication process in which it is determined in
Step 46 that the authentication is "failure" is performed by an
illegal access of a third party which illegally obtains the user ID
and the password, the existence of the illegal access can be
detected instead although the authentication is "failure" when a
valid user accesses the online financial transaction web site to
receive the authentication.
[0087] In the case where it is determined in Step 46 that the
authentication is "failure" even if the user operating the client
terminal 18 of the authentication request packet source is a valid
user, the user receives the re-authentication request e-mail
transmitted in the previous Step 70, the user accesses the web page
dedicated to the re-authentication from the link 100 added to the
received re-authentication request e-mail, and the user receives a
predetermined re-authentication procedure through the web page
dedicated to the re-authentication displayed on the display of the
client terminal 18. In the case where the user is confirmed to be a
valid user by the re-authentication procedure, the processing
module which performs the user authentication process is notified
of the re-authentication success. In order to access the web page
dedicated to the re-authentication, it is necessary to have the
environment in which the re-authentication request e-mail can be
received, and it can be deemed there is extremely high possibility
that a person who accesses the web page dedicated to the
re-authentication to receive the re-authentication procedure is a
valid user at that time, and accordingly the burden to the user can
be reduced by a relatively simple re-authentication procedure.
[0088] On the other hand, when the processing module which performs
the user authentication process is notified of the
re-authentication success, the processing module performs a usage
history table update process shown in FIG. 7. That is, the user ID
of the user who is confirmed to be a valid user by the
re-authentication procedure is added as information to the above
re-authentication notification, and first, in Step 80, the user ID
of the user who is confirmed to be a valid user is extracted and
obtained. In the next Step 82, the usage history information
corresponding to the user ID obtained in Step 80 is extracted from
the usage history table, and the extracted usage history
information is stored in the memory 12B. In Step 84, in the
extracted usage history information, the transaction suspension
flag is returned to 0 (zero), and the special environment flag is
set to 1 (one). In Step 86, the usage history information is
re-written in the usage history table, and the usage history table
update process is ended. By returning the transaction suspension
flag to 0 (zero) as described above, in the case where the user
authentication process is performed to the same user again, the
determination of Step 40 is negative to resume the authentication
in the normal route. Step 84 corresponds to the information
management unit of claim 8.
[0089] When it is determined that the authentication of Step 46 is
"conditional success", the flow goes to Step 64, and it is
determined whether or not the special environment flag in the usage
history information is set to one. When the authentication is
"conditional success", as described above, there is the high
probability that the user operating the client terminal 18 of the
authentication request packet source has the special usage
environment, however, it is also undeniable that the illegal access
is performed by the third party. Therefore, in the "conditional
success" in the embodiment, the authentication success in the
re-authentication procedure is a condition of the authentication
success. When the determination of Step 64 is negative, namely,
when the processing module is not notified of the re-authentication
success, the flow goes to Step 68 to perform the process of
transmitting the re-authentication request e-mail as described
above.
[0090] When the determination of Step 64 is affirmative, namely,
when the processing module is notified of the re-authentication
success to perform the usage history table update process (FIG. 7),
the flow goes to Step 66, and the electronic mail address which is
stored in the authentication information DB so as to correspond to
the user ID extracted in Step 32 is read, and a confirmation e-mail
of which example is shown in FIG. 8 is transmitted to the read
electronic mail address. A data and time and the like are described
in the confirmation e-mail, and in the event that the current
access is the illegal access, a valid user receives and refers to
the confirmation e-mail, which allows the existence of the illegal
access to be detected. After the process of Step 66 is performed,
the flow goes to Step 52 to notify the predetermined processing
module of the start-up source of the authentication success, and
then, in the processes from Step 54, the access source IP address
and the user-agent information extracted from the authentication
request packet are overwritten and registered in the usage history
information, and the usage history information is re-written in the
usage history table, and then, the user authentication process is
ended. Accordingly, it can be determined whether or not the user is
a valid user even for the user having the special usage
environment.
[0091] When the special environment flag is set to 1 (one), when
the determination of Step 46 satisfies the third condition as
described above, it is determined that the authentication is
"success", and therefore there is a drawback of reducing the degree
of security slightly. Therefore, in the case where the first
condition is satisfied in the determination of Step 46 to determine
that the authentication is "success", it is determined in Step 48
whether or not the special environment flag is set to 1 (one), and
when the determination is affirmative, the special environment flag
is returned to 0 (zero) in Step 50, and then the flow goes to Step
52. Accordingly, the drawback can be dissolved.
[0092] Finally, the case in which the user who applies for the
usage of the online financial transaction acceptance service first
accesses the online financial transaction web site at first time
will be described. In this case, the access source IP address and
the user-agent information are not registered in the usage history
information, and the authentication is hardly performed in the
normal route. Therefore, the determination of Step 42 is negative,
and the flow goes to Step 68, and the transaction suspension flag
is set to 1 (one) as described above, and the process of
transmitting the re-authentication request e-mail is performed to
receive the predetermined re-authentication procedure through the
web page dedicated to the re-authentication. In this case, in Step
60, the access source IP address and the user-agent information are
also registered in the usage history information, and the
transaction suspension flag is returned to 0 (zero) when the
re-authentication is successful. Therefore, the authentication in
the normal route is performed in the subsequent accesses.
[0093] The maximum two sets of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information are registered for each user are registered
as above, however, it is not limited to this, more than two sets of
the access source IP address and the user-agent information may be
registered for each user. In such cases, unless a set of the access
source IP address and the user-agent information which is
determined to correspond to a new access source IP address and a
new user-agent information extracted from the authentication
request packet exists in the already registered sets of the access
source IP address and the user-agent information, the new set of
the access source IP address and the user-agent information is
additionally registered until the number of registered sets of the
access source IP address and the user-agent information reaches the
upper limit value, and the earliest set of the access source IP
address and the user-agent information may be overwritten with the
new set of the access source IP address and the user-agent
information and the new set of the access source IP address and the
user-agent information is registered after the number of registered
sets of the access source IP address and the user-agent information
reaches the upper limit value. The above item corresponds to the
invention of claim 10.
[0094] Alternatively, it is not necessary that the upper limit
value is provided for the number of registered sets of the access
source IP address and the user-agent information. For example, in
consideration of the special usage environment in which the access
is made by selectively using the many client terminals 18 or many
kinds of the access sources (for example, many hot spots), the sets
of the access source IP address and the user-agent information are
registered without the upper limit (When the set of the access
source IP address and the user-agent information, which is
determined to correspond to the new access source IP address and
the new user-agent information extracted from the authentication
request packet exists in the already registered sets of the access
source IP address and the user-agent information, the set of the
access source IP address and the user-agent information is
overwritten with the new set of the access source IP address and
the user-agent information and the new set of the access source IP
address and the user-agent information is registered, otherwise,
the new access source IP address and the new user-agent information
are additionally registered), and the set of the access source IP
address and the user-agent information which exceeds a threshold of
an elapsed time since the registration, or which exceeds a
threshold of times when it is determined that the set of the access
source IP address and the user-agent information does not
corresponds to the new access source IP address and the new
user-agent information may be deleted. In this aspect, although
there is a drawback of possibly enlarging the usage history
information, it can be determined in Step 46 that the
authentication is "success" even in the user having the special
usage environment, and accordingly, it is not necessary to provide
"conditional success" of the authentication, and the security can
further be improved.
[0095] The client terminal 18 formed by the PC or the like is
described as the terminal device according to the invention by way
of example, however, it is not limited to this, the client terminal
18 may be a portable terminal such as PDA and a portable telephone
which has a function of accessing the Internet. This kind of
portable terminal is connected to the Internet through a gateway
server provided in a wireless communication network, in particular,
the gateway server temporarily receives information which is
transmitted from the portable terminal to access a given web site,
and the information is converted into the packet pursuant to the
protocol (IP: protocol of the Internet layer, TCP: protocol of the
transport layer, and HTTP: protocol of the application layer)
applied to the communication through the Internet 16, and one of
the IP addresses within a fixed range which a wireless carrier has
secured in advance is set as the source IP address to the IP
header, and information including a name of the wireless carrier, a
type and a model number of the portable terminal, and a version of
a browser are set as the user-agent information to the HTTP header,
and then, the user-agent information is transmitted to the Internet
16. Depending on a contract mode with the wireless carrier, the
gateway server and a specific web server are connected with a
dedicated line, and there is a case in that the packet to the
specific web server may be transmitted from the gateway server not
through the Internet 16. Even in such communication modes, the
source IP address and the user-agent information are set in the
packet similarly as above. The range of the IP address secured for
the allocation depends on each wireless carrier. Accordingly, even
if the terminal device is the portable terminal, it can be
confirmed whether or not the user operating the portable terminal
is a valid user by applying the invention.
[0096] Further, in the embodiment, the invention is applied to the
user authentication in the online financial transaction web site
which provides the online financial transaction acceptance service,
however, it is not limited to this, the invention may be applied to
a user authentication or a user validation in any site. In the
above embodiment, the user authentication to which the invention
applied is used in conjunction with the user authentication in
which the user ID and the password are used, however, since the
high-accuracy user validation (authentication) is not required as
long as the web site provides information-transmitting service in
which certain information is distributed at each time the user who
registers in advance requests a simple user identification
information such as an electronic mail address. Therefore, the user
authentication based on the password may be omitted, and only the
user validation (authentication) to which the invention is applied
may be performed based on the user identification information such
as the electronic mail address inputted by the user.
[0097] Although the user validation (authentication) is performed
by using the access source IP address and the user-agent
information in the above embodiment, however, it is not limited to
this, for example, in the case where only the access from a fixed
terminal device is permitted for each user like a web site where
only an access from a client terminal in which an electronic
certificate is installed is permitted for each user, only the
user-agent information may be stored so as to correspond to the
user identification information, and the user validation
(authentication) may be performed based on whether or not the
user-agent information is verified against the registered
user-agent information.
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0098] 10 computer system [0099] 12 web server [0100] 12C HDD
[0101] 16 Internet [0102] 18 client terminal
* * * * *