U.S. patent application number 14/380183 was filed with the patent office on 2015-01-22 for antimicrobial and foamable alcoholic compositions.
The applicant listed for this patent is GOJO INDUSTRIES, INC.. Invention is credited to Mitchell J. Cohen, Evan D. Hillman, Daniel J. Lacks.
Application Number | 20150025156 14/380183 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 49006365 |
Filed Date | 2015-01-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150025156 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hillman; Evan D. ; et
al. |
January 22, 2015 |
ANTIMICROBIAL AND FOAMABLE ALCOHOLIC COMPOSITIONS
Abstract
Antimicrobial and foamable alcoholic compositions, where the
compositions include at least about 40 wt. % of a C.sub.1-4 alcohol
and one or more silane surfactants selected from (1) zwitterionic
silane surfactants, (2) polyalkoxylated silane surfactants that
contain at least one silane group and at least one polyalkylene
oxide chain.
Inventors: |
Hillman; Evan D.; (North
Canton, OH) ; Lacks; Daniel J.; (Shaker Heights,
OH) ; Cohen; Mitchell J.; (Salisburg, NC) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
GOJO INDUSTRIES, INC. |
Akron |
OH |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
49006365 |
Appl. No.: |
14/380183 |
Filed: |
February 22, 2013 |
PCT Filed: |
February 22, 2013 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US13/27314 |
371 Date: |
August 21, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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61602834 |
Feb 24, 2012 |
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|
61621763 |
Apr 9, 2012 |
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61644595 |
May 9, 2012 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/724 ;
556/418 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 17/00 20180101;
C07F 7/0829 20130101; A61P 31/04 20180101; A01N 25/16 20130101;
A01N 31/02 20130101; A61P 31/02 20180101; A01N 25/30 20130101; A01N
31/02 20130101; A01N 25/30 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/724 ;
556/418 |
International
Class: |
A01N 25/30 20060101
A01N025/30; C07F 7/08 20060101 C07F007/08; A01N 25/16 20060101
A01N025/16; A01N 31/02 20060101 A01N031/02 |
Claims
1. An antimicrobial alcoholic composition comprising: at least
about 40 weight percent of a C.sub.1-4 alcohol or a mixture of two
or more C.sub.1-9 alcohols, based upon the total weight of the
alcoholic composition; and one or more silane surfactants selected
from (1) zwitterionic silane surfactants, (2) polyalkoxylated
silane surfactants that contain at least one silane group and at
least one polyalkylene oxide chain, and that are characterized by
having a molecular weight distribution of less than about 2.4.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said alcohol comprises
methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol,
tertiary butanol, or mixtures thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein said zwitterionic silane
surfactant includes a polar ionic portion and a non-polar silane
portion.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the zwitterionic surfactant
may be represented by the formula ##STR00010## where wherein
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are each independently a branched or
linear C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group, R.sup.7 is a divalent
hydrocarbon group with about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms and
optionally includes one or both of a lateral hydroxyl group and an
ether oxygen, and R.sup.9 is selected from the group consisting of
##STR00011## where R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.8 are each
independently alkyl groups with from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said zwitterionic silane
surfactant includes a polar dimethylglycine portion and a non-polar
silane portion.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the zwitterionic surfactant
may be represented by the formula ##STR00012## where each R is
independently a branched or linear C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon
group, and wherein n is an integer from 1 to about 20.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein said zwitterionic silane
surfactant is represented by the formula ##STR00013## where n is an
integer from 1 to about 20.
8. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition further
comprises at least one foam enhancer.
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein said silane surfactant is
bis-PEG-18 methyl ether dimethyl silane.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises
at least about 50 wt. % of a C.sub.1-4 alcohol, based upon the
total weight of the alcoholic composition; and from about 0.001 to
about 10 wt. % of one or more silane surfactants.
11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises
from about 0.001 to about 20 wt. % of one or more silane
surfactants.
12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the molecular weight
distribution (Mw/Mn) of the silane surfactant is less than about
2.2.
13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the molecular weight
distribution (Mw/Mn) of the silane surfactant is less than about
2.0.
14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the molecular weight
distribution (Mw/Mn) of the silane surfactant is less than about
1.8.
15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a
primary foam enhancer that includes a poly(ethylene oxide)polymer,
a poloxamer, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, or a
combination thereof.
16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises
from 0 to about 10 wt. % of a primary foam enhancer that includes a
poly(ethylene oxide)polymer, a poloxamer, hydroxyethyl cellulose,
hydroxypropyl cellulose, or a combination thereof, based upon the
total weight of the composition.
17. A method of preparing a zwitterionic surfactant, the method
comprising the steps of: reacting an epoxide by means of an
addition reaction in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst
with a silane of the general formula ##STR00014## to form a
silane-modified epoxide having an epoxide ring; and reacting the
silane-modified epoxide with an amine compound of the general
formula ##STR00015## to form a betaine of the general formula
##STR00016## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are each
independently a branched or linear C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon
group, R.sup.7 derives from the epoxide, and is a divalent
hydrocarbon group with about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms and
optionally includes a lateral hydroxyl group, and optionally
includes an ether oxygen, and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each
independently selected from alkyl groups with 1 to about 6 carbon
atoms.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3
are each n-butyl.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This invention relates to antimicrobial and foamable
alcoholic compositions, and more particularly, to alcoholic
compositions that include one or more silane surfactants.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Foam cleaning products are popular, in part because they are
easier to spread on surfaces. Consumers seem to prefer the luxury
of foamed soap products. Less foam is needed to produce the same
cleaning power as liquids or gels. Properly formulated foam
products do not produce the drip and splash that is experienced
with traditional gelled or liquid products. This prevents damage to
the floors and walls of facilities where the product dispensers are
used. Manufacturing of foam products may be easier than gelled
products, which often incorporate powdered thickeners that are
difficult to handle.
[0003] Alcoholic products are popular as sanitizers for the skin.
Aesthetics are important, and the user will be more likely to use a
product that is not sticky or slimy, and is not harsh on the skin.
Several references describe the use of various foaming surfactants
for non-aerosol alcoholic foam compositions. However, there is a
need for new foaming surfactants that are able to form efficacious,
stable, and aesthetically pleasing foamable antimicrobial alcoholic
compositions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] One or more embodiments of this invention provide a foamable
composition comprising at least about 40 wt. % of a C.sub.1-4
alcohol or a mixture of two or more C.sub.1-9 alcohols, based upon
the total weight of the alcoholic composition; and one or more
silane surfactants.
[0005] One or more embodiments of this invention further provide an
antimicrobial composition comprising at least about 50 wt. % of a
C.sub.1-4 alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic
composition; and from about 0.001 to about 10 wt. % of one or more
silane surfactants.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0006] In one or more embodiments, alcoholic compositions in
accordance with this invention include at least one lower alcohol.
In one embodiment, the lower alcohol contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Typically, these alcohols have antimicrobial properties. Examples
of lower alcohols include, but are not limited to, methanol,
ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, tertiary
butanol, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the alcohol
comprises ethanol.
[0007] The alcoholic composition may include a mixture of C.sub.1-9
alcohols. In one or more embodiments, the alcoholic composition
includes a mixture of one or more C.sub.1-4 alcohols and one or
more C.sub.5-9 alcohols. The mixture may include primary,
secondary, or tertiary alcohols.
[0008] Generally, the alcoholic composition comprises an amount of
alcohol of at least about 40 weight percent (wt. %), based upon the
total weight of the alcoholic composition. In one or more
embodiments, the alcoholic composition comprises at least about 45
wt. % alcohol, in other embodiments, at least about 50 wt. %
alcohol, in other embodiments, at least about 60 wt. % alcohol, in
other embodiments, at least about 62 wt. % alcohol, in other
embodiments, at least about 65 wt. % alcohol, in other embodiments,
at least about 68 wt. % alcohol, based upon the total weight of
alcoholic composition. More or less alcohol may be required in
certain instances, depending particularly on other ingredients
and/or the amounts thereof employed in the composition. In one or
more embodiments, the alcoholic composition comprises from about 40
wt. % to about 98 wt. % alcohol, in other embodiments, the
alcoholic composition comprises from about 45 wt. % to about 95 wt.
% of alcohol, in yet other embodiments, the alcoholic composition
comprises from about 50 wt. % to about 90 wt. % of alcohol, and in
still other embodiments, the alcoholic composition comprises from
about 55 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of alcohol, based upon the total
weight of the alcoholic composition.
[0009] The alcoholic compositions of the present invention include
one or more silane surfactants. In one or more embodiments, the
silane surfactants may contribute foaming properties to the
alcoholic composition.
[0010] In one or more embodiments, the silane surfactant may be
characterized as a zwitterionic silane surfactant. In one or more
embodiments, the zwitterionic surfactant includes an ionic portion
and a non-polar silane portion. In one or more embodiments, the
zwitterionic surfactant may be represented by the formula
##STR00001##
where wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are each independently
a branched or linear C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group, R.sup.7
is a divalent hydrocarbon group with about 4 to about 20 carbon
atoms and optionally includes one or both of a lateral hydroxyl
group and an ether oxygen, and R.sup.9 is selected from the group
consisting of
##STR00002##
where R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.8 are each independently alkyl
groups with from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
[0011] In one or more embodiments, the zwitterionic surfactant
includes a polar dimethylglycine portion and a non-polar silane
portion. In one or more embodiments, the zwitterionic surfactant
includes a betaine moiety and an alkyl silane portion.
[0012] In one or more embodiments, the zwitterionic surfactant may
be represented by the formula
##STR00003##
where each R is independently a branched or linear C.sub.2 to
C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group. Examples of C.sub.2 to C.sub.20
hydrocarbon groups include alkyl and alkene groups. In one or more
embodiments, each R is independently an alkyl group with from 1 to
6 carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, at least one R is
n-butyl, and in other embodiments, at least two R groups are
n-butyl.
[0013] In one or more embodiments, the zwitterionic silane
surfactant is a n-butyl silane surfactant. In one or more
embodiments, the n-butyl silane surfactant may be represented by
the formula
##STR00004##
where n is an integer from about 1 to about 20.
[0014] In one embodiment, the zwitterionic silane is present in an
amount of from about 0.001 to about 10 weight percent, and in
another embodiment, from about 0.002 to about 5 weight percent,
based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In
another embodiment, the zwitterionic silane is present in an amount
of from about 0.01 to about 4 weight percent, based upon the total
weight of the alcoholic composition. It is envisioned that higher
amounts may also be effective to produce foam. All such weights as
they pertain to zwitterionic silanes and other ingredients
throughout this specification are based on the active level and,
therefore do not include carriers or by-products that may be
included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise
specified.
[0015] In other embodiments, it may be desirable to use higher
amounts of zwitterionic silane. For example, in certain embodiments
where the foaming alcoholic composition of the present invention
includes a cleansing or sanitizing product that is applied to a
surface and then rinsed off, higher amounts of zwitterionic silane
may be employed. In these embodiments, the amount of zwitterionic
silane is present in amounts up to about 35 weight percent, based
upon the total weight of the composition.
[0016] In one or more embodiments, the zwitterionic silane is added
directly to the alcoholic composition. In one embodiment, the
zwitterionic silane is added to the alcohol, and the mixture is
heated, with stirring, until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.
[0017] In other embodiments, the zwitterionic silane is added to
the alcoholic composition as a solution or emulsion. In other
words, the zwitterionic silane may be premixed with a carrier to
form a zwitterionic silane solution or emulsion, with the proviso
that the carrier does not deleteriously affect the foaming
properties of the alcoholic composition. Examples of carriers
include water, alcohol, glycols such as propylene glycol, ethylene
glycol, and butylene glycol, ketones, linear and/or cyclic
hydrocarbons, triglycerides, carbonates, silicones, alkenes, esters
such as acetates, benzoates, fatty esters, glyceryl esters, ethers,
amides, polyethylene glycols and PEG/PPG copolymers, inorganic salt
solutions such as saline, and mixtures thereof. It will be
understood that, when the zwitterionic silane is premixed to form a
zwitterionic silane solution or emulsion, the amount of solution or
emulsion that is added to the alcoholic composition may be selected
so that the amount of zwitterionic silane falls within the ranges
set forth hereinabove.
[0018] In one or more embodiments, the n-butyl silane surfactant
may be prepared by a two-step reaction process shown in Scheme 1
below.
##STR00005##
The reaction shown in Scheme 1 utilizes a platinum catalyst. More
generally, the synthesis includes the following reaction scheme: a)
epoxides, which have a olefinic double bond, are reacted by means
of an addition reaction in the presence of a hydrosilylation
catalyst with a silanes and b) the epoxide ring of the
silane-modified epoxides is opened by a known reaction and the
product obtained is b1) sulfonated, or b2) quaternized by reaction
with a tertiary amine in the presence of an acid YH, or b3)
converted into a betaine by a reaction with a compound of the
formula
##STR00006##
[0019] Preferably, the hydrosilylation is carried out at an
elevated temperature and/or in the presence of a solvent, a
platinum catalyst being used as catalyst.
[0020] Step b1) of the method is carried out in a known manner by
reacting the silane-modified epoxides with alkali sulfite/alkali
hydrogen sulfate or by reacting the sulfite/hydrogen sulfate of the
desired cation in the presence of a polar solvent. As solvent, an
isopropanol/water mixture is preferably used. The reaction
preferably is carried out at an elevated temperature, for example,
at the boiling point of the isopropanol/water mixture.
[0021] Step b2) of the method, namely the reaction of
silane-modified epoxides with different tertiary amines also is
preferably carried out in the presence of a polar solvent,
particularly a short-chain, low-boiling, aliphatic alcohol, such as
isopropanol. The reaction proceeds in the presence of a protonic
acid, acetic acid being preferred.
[0022] Step b3) of the method comprises the reaction of the
silane-modified epoxides with dialkylaminoacetic acid in the
presence of a polar solvent, particularly, a lower molecular weight
aliphatic alcohol, such as isopropanol.
[0023] It is also possible to react the silane-modified epoxide
initially with a dialkylamine, such as dimethylamine in an
equivalent manner and then to convert the product obtained by
reaction with sodium chloroacetate in the presence of a polar
solvent, such as isopropanol, into the betaine.
[0024] A similar synthesis procedure is described in U.S. Pat. No.
6,489,498, which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0025] In one or more embodiments, the zwitterionic surfactant may
be prepared by a process comprising the steps of (a) reacting an
epoxide by means of an addition reaction in the presence of a
hydrosilylation catalyst with a silane of the general formula
##STR00007##
to form a silane-modified epoxide having an epoxide ring; and (b)
reacting the silane-modified epoxide with a compound of the general
formula
##STR00008##
to form a betaine of the general formula
##STR00009##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are each independently a
branched or linear C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group, R.sup.7
derives from the epoxide, and is a divalent hydrocarbon group with
about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms and optionally includes a lateral
hydroxyl group, and optionally includes an ether oxygen, and
R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from alkyl
groups with 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
[0026] The silane surfactant may be a liquid or a solid at standard
conditions of temperature and pressure. In one or more embodiments,
the silane surfacant is a waxy solid at standard conditions of
temperature and pressure.
[0027] In one or more embodiments, the silane surfactant is a
polyalkoxy silane surfactants, and may be described as a molecule
that contains at least one silane group and at least one
polyalkylene oxide chain. The at least one silane group may be
described as a moiety that includes a silicon atom bonded directly
to a hydrogen atom or a carbon atom. The polyalkylene oxide chain
may include ethylene oxide units, propylene oxide units, or a
mixture thereof. In one or more embodiments, the silane surfactant
may thus be referred to as a polyethoxylated (PEG) and/or
polypropoxylated (PPG) silane surfactant, i.e. a polyalkoxy silane
surfactant.
[0028] In one or more embodiments, the polyalkoxy silane surfactant
may include from 1 to about 100 units of polyalkylene oxide per
molecule of surfactant, in other embodiments, from about 5 to about
90 units of polyalkylene oxide per molecule of surfactant, in other
embodiments, from about 10 to about 80 units of polyalkylene oxide
per molecule of surfactant, and in other embodiments, from about 20
to about 60 units of polyalkylene oxide per molecule of surfactant,
and in other embodiments.
[0029] Examples of alkoxylated silane surfactants include those
designated according to the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic
Ingredients (INCI) as bis-peg-18 methyl ether dimethyl silane.
[0030] In one or more embodiments, the molecular weight
distribution (Mw/Mn) of the silane surfactant is less than about
2.4, in other embodiments less than about 2.2, in yet other
embodiments less than about 2.0, in other embodiments, less than
about 1.8. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution may
be measured by conventional techniques, including gel permeation
chromotography (GPC).
[0031] In one or more embodiments, the melting point of the silane
surfactant is from about 29 to about 35.degree. C.
[0032] As is known in the art, surface energy values for solid
materials may be calculated based upon contact angles between the
solid and a liquid, or set of liquids. The surface energy is often
described as comprised of two components--a dispersive component
and a polar component, where the dispersive component theoretically
accounts for van der Waals and other non-site specific interactions
that a surface is capable of having with applied liquids, and the
polar component theoretically accounts for dipole-dipole,
dipole-induces dipole, hydrogen bonding, and other site-specific
interactions which a surface is capable of having with applied
liquids.
[0033] The Fowkes method for measuring surface energy is further
described in Fowkes, F. M., "Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,"
56, 12, 40 (1964). Generally, the samples to be measured are
melted, and poured out onto a flat substrate and re-solidified to
create a flat surface. Drops of water and diiodomethane are placed
on the flat surface and measured for contact angle within a short
amount of time, such that the drops have spread to characteristic
contact angles but not yet soaked into the sample significantly.
The angles may be measured with, for example, a Kruss Drop Shape
Analysis system DSA 100. From the water and diiodomethane contact
angle measurements, and using Fowkes theory, surface energies may
be calculated, including overall surface area, a polar component,
and a dispersive component. The percentage of the overall surface
energy that is due to surface polarity may be calculated based upon
these numbers.
[0034] In one or more embodiments, the surface energy of the silane
surfactant, when measured according to the Fowkes method at
22.degree. C., and using water and diiodomethane, is less than
about 23 dynes/cm, in other embodiments, less than about 22.5
dynes/cm. In one or more embodiments, the surface energy of the
silane surfactant, when measured according to the Fowkes method at
22.degree. C., is from about 21 to about 23 dynes/cm.
[0035] In one or more embodiments, the polar component of the
surface energy at about 22.degree. C. is less than about 2.5
dynes/cm, in other embodiments, less than about 2.2 dynes/cm. In
one or more embodiments, the polar component is from about 1.7 to
about 2.2 dynes/cm.
[0036] In one or more embodiments, the percentage of the surface
energy that is due to surface polarity at about 22.degree. C. is
less than about 10%, in other embodiments, less than about about
9.5%, in other embodiments, less than about 9%.
[0037] In one or more embodiments, the surface energy of the silane
surfactant, when measured according to the Fowkes method at about
40.degree. C., is less than about 21 dynes/cm, in other
embodiments, less than about 20.8 dynes/cm. In one or more
embodiments, the surface energy of the silane surfactant, when
measured according to the Fowkes method at 40.degree. C., is from
about 20 to about 21 dynes/cm.
[0038] In one or more embodiments, the polar component of the
surface energy at about 40.degree. C. is less than about 1.5
dynes/cm, in other embodiments, less than about 1.4 dynes/cm. In
one or more embodiments, the polar component is from about 1.0 to
about 1.5 dynes/cm.
[0039] In one or more embodiments, the percentage of the surface
energy that is due to surface polarity at about 40.degree. C. is
less than about 7%, in other embodiments, less than about about
6.5%.
[0040] In one or more embodiments, the silane is present in an
amount of from about 0.001 to about 20 wt. %, in other embodiments,
from about 0.005 to about 15 wt. %, in other embodiments, from
about 0.01 to about 10 wt. %, based upon the total weight of the
alcoholic composition. In other embodiments, the silane is present
in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 4 wt. %, based upon the
total weight of the alcoholic composition. It is envisioned that
higher amounts may also be effective to produce foam. All such
weights as they pertain to silanes and other ingredients throughout
this specification are based on the active level and, therefore do
not include carriers or by-products that may be included in
commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified.
[0041] In one or more embodiments, the silane is added directly to
the alcoholic composition. In one embodiment, the silane is added
to the alcohol, or to an alcohol/water mixture, with stirring,
until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. In one embodiment, the
silane is added to the alcohol, or to an alcohol/water mixture, and
the mixture is heated, with stirring, until a homogeneous mixture
is obtained. In other embodiments, where the silane is a solid at
standard conditions of temperature and pressure, the silane may be
heated to a temperature above the melting point prior to
mixing.
[0042] In other embodiments, the silane is added to the alcoholic
composition as a solution or emulsion. In other words, the silane
may be premixed with a carrier to form a silane solution or
emulsion, with the proviso that the carrier does not deleteriously
affect the antimicrobial or foaming properties of the alcoholic
composition. Examples of carriers include water, alcohol, glycols
such as propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and butylene glycol,
ketones, linear and/or cyclic hydrocarbons, triglycerides,
carbonates, silicones, alkenes, esters such as acetates, benzoates,
fatty esters, glyceryl esters, ethers, amides, polyethylene glycols
and PEG/PPG copolymers, inorganic salt solutions such as saline,
and mixtures thereof. It will be understood that, when the silane
is premixed to form a silane solution or emulsion, the amount of
solution or emulsion that is added to the alcoholic composition may
be selected so that the amount of silane falls within the ranges
set forth hereinabove.
[0043] In one or more embodiments, the alcoholic compositions may
further include one or more additional foaming surfactants, such as
those described in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos.
2007/0148101 A1 and 2008/0207767, both of which are hereby
incorporated by reference.
[0044] In one or more embodiments, the alcoholic compositions
further include a siloxane polymer surfactant. Siloxane polymer
surfactants include organopolysiloxane dimethicone polyols,
silicone carbinol fluids, silicone polyethers, alkylmethyl
siloxanes, amodimethicones, trisiloxane ethoxylates, dimethiconols,
quaternized silicone surfactants, polysilicones, silicone
crosspolymers, and silicone waxes.
[0045] Examples of siloxane polymer surfactants include dimethicone
PEG-7 undecylenate, PEG-10 dimethicone, PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG-12
dimethicone, perfluorononylethyl carboxydecal PEG 10, PEG-20/PPG-23
dimethicone, PEG-11 methyl ether dimethicone, bis-PEG/PPG-20/20
dimethicone, silicone quats, PEG-9 dimethicone, PPG-12 dimethicone,
fluoro PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG 23/PPG 6 dimethicone, PEG 20/PPG 23
dimethicone, PEG 17 dimethicone, PEG5/PPG3 methicone, bis PEG20
dimethicone, PEG/PPG20/15 dimethicone copolyol and sulfosuccinate
blends, PEG-8 dimethicone\dimmer acid blends, PEG-8
dimethicone\fatty acid blends, PEG-8 dimethicone \cold pressed
vegetable oil\polyquaternium blends, random block polymers and
mixtures thereof.
[0046] In one embodiment, the siloxane polymer surfactant includes
a compound that may be represented by the formula
R.sup.10--Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2--[O--Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2].sub.a--[O--Si(CH.s-
ub.3)R.sup.11].sub.b--O--Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2--R.sup.10
where R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 independently include a methyl group or
a moiety that may be represented by the formula
--(CH.sub.2).sub.3--O--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.c--[CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)O-
].sub.d--(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.eH
with the proviso that both R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are not CH.sub.3,
where a is an integer from about 3 to about 21, b is an integer
from about 1 to about 7, c is an integer from about 0 to about 40,
d is an integer from about 0 to about 40, and e is an integer from
about 0 to about 40, with the proviso that a.gtoreq.3.times.b and
that c+d+e.gtoreq.5.
[0047] In one or more embodiments, the alcoholic composition
includes at least about 0.002 wt. % of siloxane polymer surfactant,
based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In
another embodiment, the alcoholic composition includes at least
about 0.01 wt. % of siloxane polymer surfactant, based upon the
total weight of the alcoholic composition. In yet another
embodiment, the alcoholic composition includes at least about 0.05
wt. % of siloxane polymer surfactant, based upon the total weight
of the alcoholic composition.
[0048] In one embodiment, the siloxane polymer surfactant is
present in an amount of from about 0.002 to about 4 weight percent,
based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In
another embodiment, the siloxane polymer surfactant is present in
an amount of from about 0.01 to about 2 weight percent, based upon
the total weight of the alcoholic composition. All such weights as
they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active level
and, therefore, do not include carriers or by-products that may be
included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise
specified.
[0049] The presence of siloxane polymer surfactants, or other
secondary foaming surfactants is not necessary to the alcoholic
compositions of the present invention, and in certain embodiments,
the amount of secondary foaming surfactant in the compositions of
the present invention is limited. In one or more embodiments, the
compositions include less than about 0.5 wt. % of secondary foaming
surfactants, in other embodiments, less than about 0.2 wt. % of
secondary foaming surfactants, in other embodiments, less than 0.1
wt. % of secondary foaming surfactants, in other embodiments, less
than 0.05 wt. % of secondary foaming surfactants, based upon the
total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the
compositions are devoid of additional foaming surfactants.
[0050] In certain embodiments, the alcoholic composition of the
present invention optionally includes at least one foam enhancer,
which may be referred to as a primary foam enhancer. In one or more
embodiments, the alcoholic composition of these embodiments
exhibits improved foam stability when compared to an alcoholic
composition without the foam enhancer. By "foam stability" is meant
the length of time that it takes for a foam to break down into a
liquid.
[0051] In these or other embodiments, the alcoholic composition of
these embodiments exhibits improved foam quality when compared to
an alcoholic composition without the foam enhancer. By "foam
quality" is meant the quantity and size of the foam bubbles. Foams
with improved foam quality may be characterized by a greater number
of smaller bubbles, which contributes to a creamy, dense
appearance.
[0052] In one or more embodiments, the primary foam enhancer
includes a poly(ethylene oxide)polymer, a poloxamer, hydroxyethyl
cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, or a combination thereof.
[0053] In one or more embodiments, the primary foam enhancer
includes a poly(ethylene oxide)polymer having an average molecular
weight in the range from about 100,000 to about 10,000,000, in
other embodiments from about 200,000 to about 4,000,000. In one or
more embodiments, the primary foam enhancer includes a
poly(ethylene oxide)polymer selected from PEG-4 to PEG-100.
Examples of commercially available poly(ethylene oxide)polymers
suitable for use as a foam enhancer include POLYOX.TM. products,
available from Dow Chemical, such as WSR N-80, WSR N12K, WSR N60K,
and WSR-301.
[0054] In one or more embodiments, the composition includes up to
about 10 wt. % of the primary foam enhancer. In one or more
embodiments, the composition includes from 0 to about 10 wt. %, in
other embodiments, from about 0.001 to about 8 wt. %, in other
embodiments, from about 0.01% to about 5%, in other embodiments,
from about 0.01% to about 1%.
[0055] Secondary foam enhancers that may optionally be included in
the compositions of the present invention include hydroxypropyl
guar, cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, ethylhydroxy ethyl cellulose,
polyglycerol, polyoxamine, polyacrylamide,
polyacrylamidomethylpropane sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid,
polyethylene/isopropyl maleate/malaic acid copolyol,
polymethacrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride,
polymethacrylamidopropyltrimonium methosulfate, polymethacrylic
acid, polyvinyl methyl ether, butylated poly vinyl pyrrolidone,
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; hydroxypropyl cellulose; and n-vinyl
lactam polymers and copolymers.
[0056] In one or more embodiments, the secondary foam enhancer may
be present in an amount of from about 0 to about 8 wt. %, based
upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In one
embodiment, the foam enhancer is present in an amount of from about
0.005 to about 4 wt. %, in another embodiment, the foam enhancer is
present in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 1 wt. %, and in
yet another embodiment, the foam enhancer is present in an amount
of from about 0.01 to about 0.2 wt. %, based upon the total weight
of the alcoholic composition.
[0057] In one embodiment, the primary and/or secondary foam
enhancer is added directly to the alcoholic composition. In one or
more other embodiments, the foam enhancer(s) may be added to the
alcoholic composition as a solution or emulsion. In other words,
the foam enhancer may be premixed with a carrier to form a foam
enhancer solution or emulsion, with the proviso that the carrier
does not deleteriously affect the foaming properties of the
alcoholic composition. Examples of carriers include water, alcohol,
glycols such as propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and butylene
glycol, ketones, linear and/or cyclic hydrocarbons, triglycerides,
carbonates, silicones, alkenes, esters such as acetates, benzoates,
fatty esters, glyceryl esters, ethers, amides, polyethylene glycols
and PEG/PPG copolymers, inorganic salt solutions such as saline,
and mixtures thereof. It will be understood that, when the foam
enhancer is premixed to form a foam enhancer solution or emulsion,
the amount of solution or emulsion that is added to the alcoholic
composition is selected so that the amount of foam enhancer falls
within the ranges set forth hereinabove.
[0058] The alcoholic composition of this invention may further
include a wide range of optional ingredients, with the proviso that
they do not deleteriously affect the foam forming properties of the
alcoholic composition, or the stability of the foam. The CTFA
International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Eleventh
Edition, 2006, and the 2007 CTFA International Buyer's Guide, both
of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety,
describe a wide variety of non-limiting cosmetic and pharmaceutical
ingredients commonly used in the skin care industry, that are
suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention.
Non-limiting examples of functional classes of ingredients are
described in these references. Examples of these functional classes
include: abrasives, anti-acne agents, anticaking agents,
antioxidants, binders, biological additives, bulking agents,
chelating agents, chemical additives; colorants, cosmetic
astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents,
emulsifiers, external analgesics, film formers, fragrance
components, humectants, opacifying agents, plasticizers,
preservatives, propellants, reducing agents, skin bleaching agents,
skin-conditioning agents (emollient, humectants, miscellaneous, and
occlusive), skin protectants, solvents, foam boosters, hydrotropes,
solubilizing agents, suspending agents (nonsurfactant), sunscreen
agents, ultraviolet light absorbers, detackifiers, and viscosity
increasing agents (aqueous and nonaqueous). Examples of other
functional classes of materials useful herein that are well known
to one of ordinary skill in the art include solubilizing agents,
sequestrants, and keratolytics, and the like. In one embodiment,
the alcoholic composition further comprises glycerin. In one
embodiments, the alcoholic composition further comprises one or
more C.sub.6-10 alkane diol, such as 1,2-octane diol. In one
embodiments, the alcoholic composition further comprises glycerin
and one or more C.sub.6-10 alkane diol.
[0059] Auxiliary agents may be included in the alcoholic
compositions for the purpose of boosting or modifying the foam
quality and characteristics, for modifying the feel of the final
formulation during rub in and/or dry time, for providing
persistence or long-lasting microbial action of the alcohol, for
solubilizing other ingredients such as fragrances or sunscreens,
and for irritation mitigation. Auxiliary agents include, but are
not necessarily limited to, sulfosuccinates, amine oxides, PEG-80
sorbitan laurate, PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate,
polyglucosides, alcoholamides, sorbitan derivatives, fatty alcohol
ethoxylates, quaternary ammonium compounds, amidoamines, sultaines,
isothionates, sarcosinates, betaines, polysorbates and fatty
alcohol polyethylene glycols.
[0060] Examples of polysorbates include polysorbate-20, which may
be referred to as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate;
polysorbate-40, which may be referred to as polyoxyethylene
sorbitan monopalmitate; polysorbate-60, which may be referred to as
polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate; and polysorbate-80, which
may be referred to as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
Additional examples of polysorbates includes polysorbate-21,
polysorbate-61, polysorbate-65, polysorbate-81, and
polysorbate-85.
[0061] The amount of auxiliary agent is not particularly limited,
so long as it does not deleteriously affect the antimicrobial or
foam forming properties of the alcoholic composition, or the
stability of the foam. In certain embodiments, one or more
auxiliary agents may be present in the foamable alcoholic
composition in an amount of from about 0 to about 2 wt. %, based
upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition. In other
embodiments, one or more auxiliary agents may be present in the
foamable alcoholic composition in an amount of from about 0.1 to
about 1 wt. %, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic
composition.
[0062] Although a propellant may be used to produce stable foam,
advantageously a propellant is not necessary. In certain
embodiments, the amount of propellant is less than about 1000 parts
per million by weight, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic
composition. In one embodiment, the alcoholic composition is
substantially free of propellants, such as hydrocarbon propellants.
By substantially free is meant that the amount of propellant in the
alcoholic composition is less than about 100 parts per million by
weight, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
In one embodiment, the alcoholic composition is devoid of
hydrocarbon propellants.
[0063] In one embodiment, alcohol is the only active antimicrobial
ingredient introduced into the composition, and in this embodiment
the amount of auxiliary antimicrobial ingredients is less than
about 0.1 wt. %, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic
composition. In other embodiments, the composition includes
auxiliary antimicrobial agents in addition to alcohol. Examples of
auxiliary antimicrobial agents include, but are not limited to,
triclosan, also known as 5-chloro-2(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol and
available from Ciba-Geigy Corporation under the tradename
IRGASAN.RTM.; chloroxylenol, also known as 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol,
available from Nipa Laboratories, Inc. under the tradenames
NIPACIDE.RTM. MX or PX; hexetidine, also known as
5-amino-1,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5-methyl-hexahydropyrimidine;
chlorhexidine salts including chlorhexidine gluconate and the salts
of
N,N''-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,14-tetraazatetradecanediimi-
di amide; 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1; 3-diol, benzalkonium chloride;
cetylpyridinium chloride; alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides;
iodine; silver compounds, biguanides such as polyhexamethylene
biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB), also known as polyaminopropyl
biguanide (PAPB), phenol derivatives, lauric arginate (LAE),
povidone-iodine including polyvinylpyrrolidinone-iodine; parabens;
hydantoins and derivatives thereof, including
2,4-imidazolidinedione and derivatives of 2,4-imidazolidinedione as
well as dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (also known as DMDM
hydantoin or glydant); phenoxyethanol; cis isomer of
1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,6-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride, also
known as quaternium-15 and available from Dow Chemical Company
under the tradename DOWCIL.TM. 2000; C.sub.6-10 alkane diols,
diazolidinyl urea; benzethonium chloride; methylbenzethonium
chloride; and mixtures thereof. When used, the auxiliary
antimicrobial agents are present in amounts of from about 0.001 to
about 4 wt. %, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic
composition. In one or more embodiments, the amount of auxiliary
antimicrobial agent is from about 0.1 to about 1 wt. %, based upon
the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
[0064] The alcoholic composition of the present invention may
optionally further comprise a wide range of topical drug actives,
with the proviso that they do not deleteriously affect the foam
forming properties of the alcoholic composition, or the stability
of the foam. Examples of topical drug actives include salicylic
acid, acetyl salicylic acid, cis-retinoic acid, trans-retinoic
acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, lipoic acid, azelaic acid, phytic acid,
lisophosphotidic acid, tetracycline, ibuprofen, naproxen,
acetominophen, hydrocortisone, resorcinol, phenoxyethanol,
phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy
diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide, octopirox,
2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, dihydroxyacetone, benzoyl
peroxide, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2-hydroxy diphenyl ether,
phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, phytic acid,
lipoic acid, lisophosphatidic acid, benoxaprofen, flubiprofen,
fenoprofen, fenbufen, ketoprofen, indoprofen, priprofen, carprofen,
oxaprozin, pranoprofen, miroprofen, tioxaprofen, suprofen,
alminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen, bucloxic acid,
benzocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, chloroprocaine, dibucaine,
etidocaine, mepivacaine, tetracaine, dyclonine, hexylcaine,
procaine, cocaine, ketamine, pramoxine, phenol, dihydroxyacetone,
tyrosine, ethyltryosinate, phospho-DOPA, .beta.-lactim drugs,
quinoline drugs, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, erythromycin,
amikacin, doxycycline, capreomycin, chlorhexidine,
chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, clindamycin, ethambutol,
hexamidinee isethionate, metronidazole, pentamidine, gentamicin,
kanamycin, lineomycin, methacyclin, methenamine, minocycine,
neomycin, netilmicin, paromomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin,
miconazole, tetracycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, zinc
erythromycin, erythromycin estolate, erythromycin stearate,
amikacin sulfate, doxycicyline hydrochloride, capreomycin sulfate,
chlorhexidine gluconate, chlorhexidine hydrochloride,
chlortetracycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline hydrochloride,
clindamycin hydrochloride, ethambutol hydrochloride, metronidazole
hydrochloride, pentamidine hydrochloride, gentamicin sulfate,
kanamycin sulfate, lineomycin hydrochloride, methacycline
hydrochloride, methenamine hippurate, methenamine mandelate,
minocycline hydrochloride, neomycin sulfate, netilmicin sulfate,
paromomycin sulfate, streptomycin sulfate, tobramycin sulfate,
miconazole hydrochloride, amanfadine hydrochloride, amnanfadine
sulfate, octopirox, parachlorometa xylenol, nystatin, tolnaftate,
clotrimazole, 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate, octyl
methoxycinnamate, p-amino benzoate, p-aminobenzoic acid, 2-phenyl
benzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, octocrylene, oxybenzone, homomenthyl
salicylate, octyl salicylate, 4,4'-methoxy-t-butyldibenzoylmethane,
4-isopropyl dibenzoylmethane, 3-benzylidene camphor,
3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor, titanium dioxide, silica, iron
oxide, 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)methyl aminobenzoic acid ester of
2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)methyl aminobenzoic
acid ester with 4-hydroxydibenzoylmethane,
4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)methyl aminobenzoic acid ester of
2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzophenone,
4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)-methyl aminobenzoic acid ester of
4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)dibenzoylmethane, tetracycline, ibuprofen,
naproxen, acetaminophen, alpha-hydroxy acids such as citric acid,
lactic acid, and glycolic acid, resorcinol,
3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide, octopirox, pharmaceutically-acceptable
salts and mixtures of the above. In one embodiment, the alcoholic
composition is devoid of drug actives.
[0065] In one or more embodiments, the balance of the alcoholic
composition includes water or other suitable solvent. In one or
more embodiments, the balance of the alcoholic composition
comprises a non-aqueous solvent, and the amount of water may be
limited. In one embodiment, the amount of water is less than about
20 wt. % of the total weight of the alcoholic composition, in
another embodiment, less than about 10 wt. % of the total weight of
the alcoholic composition, and in yet another embodiment, less than
about 5 wt. % of the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
[0066] The alcoholic composition may be prepared by simply mixing
the components together. The order of addition is not particularly
limited. In one embodiment, the alcoholic composition is prepared
by a method comprising dispersing the silane surfactant in the
alcohol with slow to moderate agitation, optionally adding water,
and then optionally adding other optional ingredients, and mixing
until the mixture is homogeneous. In one or more embodiments, the
silane surfactant may be heated to liquify the surfactant prior to
mixing with the alcohol. In one or more embodiments, the alcohol
may be heated to facilitate dissolution of the silane surfactant.
In certain embodiments, the mixture may be heated and stirred until
a homogeneous solution is obtained. In other embodiments, a
homogeneous dispersion or emulsion is obtained.
[0067] One or more embodiments of this invention provide a method
for forming a non-aerosol alcoholic foam, the method comprising
combining a C.sub.1-4 alcohol or a mixture of two or more C.sub.1-9
alcohols, one or more silane surfactants, optionally one or more
foam enhancers, and optionally other ingredients, to form a
foamable alcoholic composition; mixing said alcoholic composition
and air or another gas in a mixing chamber to form a mixture; and
passing said mixture through a mesh screen, wherein said foamable
alcoholic composition comprises at least about 40 percent by weight
alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition.
Advantageously, one or more embodiments of the present invention
form a foam with mixed with air. No propellant or pressurized
dispenser system is required.
[0068] The foamable compositions of the present invention may be
employed in any type of dispenser that can be used for foam
products. Advantageously, while the foamable composition can
optionally be foamed by aerosolizing the composition, an
aerosolized product is not necessary for foaming. Any dispenser
that is capable of mixing the foamable alcoholic composition with
air or another gas may be used. Other gases that may be used to
form the foam include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, xenon,
krypton, helium, neon, and radon. In one or more embodiments, the
alcoholic composition is used in dispensers that employ foaming
pumps, which combine ambient air or another gas and the alcoholic
composition under low pressure conditions. In one embodiment, the
alcoholic composition may be combined with air or another gas in a
mixing chamber, and passed through a mesh screen to form a foam. In
this and other embodiments, the viscosity of the composition is
less than about 100 mPas, in one embodiment less than about 50
mPas, and in another embodiment less than about 25 mPas, as
measured by a Brookfield RV Viscometer using RV and/or LV Spindles
at 22.degree. C.+/-3.degree. C.
[0069] The alcoholic compositions of the present invention provide
disinfecting efficacy, and may be employed on a wide variety of
surfaces or substrates, including animate and inanimate surfaces.
In one or more embodiments, the present invention provides
antimicrobial compositions that may be employed on skin, porous,
and non-porous surfaces.
[0070] Various modifications and alterations that do not depart
from the scope and spirit of this invention will become apparent to
those skilled in the art. This invention is not to be duly limited
to the illustrative embodiments set forth herein.
* * * * *