U.S. patent application number 14/367754 was filed with the patent office on 2015-01-22 for glass pane construction.
The applicant listed for this patent is ISOCLIMA S.p.A.. Invention is credited to Alberto Bertolini.
Application Number | 20150024184 14/367754 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 47115713 |
Filed Date | 2015-01-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150024184 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bertolini; Alberto |
January 22, 2015 |
GLASS PANE CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
The present invention relates to a glass pane construction,
particularly bullet proof glass pane, to be used in a motor
vehicle, having several transparent panes and layers made of glass,
ceramic or synthetic material, which are connected in a layered
manner connected to each other in a laminate, electrical
controllable or switchable electrochromic layer means for
electrical controlling or switching of the light transparency of
the glass pane construction or of the bullet proof pane, wherein a
laminar transparent UV filtering layer means for filtering of
striking ultraviolet (UV) radiation is provided so that none or
only a part of the UV radiation passes to the electrochromic layer
means.
Inventors: |
Bertolini; Alberto; (Este,
IT) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ISOCLIMA S.p.A. |
Este (Padova) |
|
IT |
|
|
Family ID: |
47115713 |
Appl. No.: |
14/367754 |
Filed: |
September 28, 2012 |
PCT Filed: |
September 28, 2012 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2012/004078 |
371 Date: |
June 20, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
428/217 ;
428/412; 428/423.1; 428/425.6; 428/426; 428/430; 428/437;
428/442 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y10T 428/31507 20150401;
B32B 17/10045 20130101; B32B 2369/00 20130101; B32B 17/1044
20130101; B32B 17/10788 20130101; Y10T 428/3163 20150401; B32B
2307/416 20130101; Y10T 428/31551 20150401; B32B 17/10504 20130101;
B32B 17/10513 20130101; Y10T 428/31649 20150401; B32B 17/10752
20130101; F41H 5/0407 20130101; Y10T 428/31616 20150401; B32B
17/10779 20130101; Y10T 428/31601 20150401; B32B 17/10458 20130101;
B32B 17/1077 20130101; Y10T 428/24983 20150115 |
Class at
Publication: |
428/217 ;
428/426; 428/412; 428/423.1; 428/425.6; 428/430; 428/437;
428/442 |
International
Class: |
B32B 17/10 20060101
B32B017/10; F41H 5/04 20060101 F41H005/04 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 23, 2011 |
DE |
10 2011 122 199.2 |
Feb 10, 2012 |
DE |
10 2012 002 661.7 |
Claims
1. Glass pane construction, particularly bullet proof glass pane to
be used in a motor vehicle, having several transparent panes and
layers made of glass, ceramic, or synthetic material, which are
connected in a layered manner in a laminate characterized by a
transparent UV filtering layer means for filtering of ultraviolet
(UV) radiation.
2. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized in
that the UV filtering layer means comprises at least one layer or
foil for reflecting UV radiation.
3. Glass pane construction according to claim 2, characterized in
that the UV filtering layer means is effective in a range of
wavelength of the electro magnetic UV radiation between
approximately 300 and approximately 380 up to 400 nm.
4. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized in
that the UV filtering layer means comprising at least one
cholesteric layer that reflects UV radiation.
5. Glass pane construction according to claim 4, characterized in
that the cholesteric layer has a reflection maximum at an
ultraviolet wavelength in a range between 300 and 400 nm and
particularly at 350 nm.
6. Glass pane construction according to claim 4, characterized in
that the cholesteric layer comprising a mixture of a chiral
component and of a nematic component, the chiral component has a
concentration of approximately 0.031 molar fraction and the nematic
component having a concentration of approximately 0.969 in molar
fraction and the wavelength of the reflection maximum being in the
range from approximately 320 to 380 nm, particularly at 350 nm.
7. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized in
that the UV filtering layer means comprising in a laminate a first
cholesteric layer, a second cholesteric layer, and a .lamda./2
layer or .lamda./2 foil being arranged between both cholesteric
layers wherein the .lamda./2 layer reverses the circular
polarisation of the impinging UV radiation and both cholesteric
layers having equal or unequal pitch and/or equal or unequal
handedness or the same pitch and handedness.
8. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized in
that an outer pane made of glass or glass ceramic is provided and
the UV filtering layer means adjoins the outer pane.
9. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized by
an outer pane and at least one further pane of glass, glass
ceramic, or synthetic material, particularly polycarbonate, wherein
the UV filtering layer means or UV filtering foil is arranged
between the outer pane and the further pane in a laminate and
adjoins thereto.
10. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized in
that the UV filtering layer means is a foil and it is arranged
between a first pane or layer and a second pane or layer of glass,
glass ceramic, or synthetic material, particularly
polycarbonate.
11. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized by
electrically controllable or switchable electrochromic layer means
for electrical controlling or switching of the light transparency
of the glass pane construction or of the bulletproof pane.
12. Glass pane construction according to claim 11, characterized in
that the laminar transparent UV filtering layer means for filtering
of ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the natural sunlight is provided
so that no or only a part of the UV radiation passes to the
electrochromic layer means.
13. Glass pane construction according to claim 11, characterized in
that the UV filtering layer means absorbs and/or reflects UV
radiation of the sun radiation.
14. Glass pane construction according to claim 13, characterized in
that the UV filtering layer means is effective in a range of
wavelength of the electro magnetic UV radiation between
approximately 300 and approximately 400 nm.
15. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized in
that the UV filtering layer means comprising one or more layers for
reflecting UV radiation.
16. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized in
that the UV filtering layer means is provided as a foil before
laminating of the whole glass pane construction.
17. Glass pane construction according to claim 15, characterized in
that the UV filtering means comprises at least one cured
cholesteric layer comprising a cholesteric compound or a
cholesteric mixture of compounds that are selected from: at least
one cholesteric polymerisable monomer; at least one achiral,
nematic polymerisable monomer and a chiral compound; at least one
cholesteric polymerisable polymer; at least one cholesteric polymer
in a polymerisable diluent; at least one cholesteric polymer whose
cholesteric face can be frozen in by rapid cooling to below the
glass transition temperature; and/or at least one achiral liquid
crystalline cross linkable polymer and a chiral compound.
18. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized in
that the UV filtering layer means comprising at least one
cholesteric layer that reflects UV radiation.
19. Glass pane construction according to claim 18, characterized in
that the cholesteric layer has a reflection maximum at an
ultraviolet wavelength in a range between 300 and 400 nm.
20. Glass pane construction according to claim 19, characterized in
that the cholesteric layer having a reflection maximum at an
ultraviolet wavelength of approximately 350 nm.
21. Glass pane construction according to claim 20, characterized in
that the cholesteric layer comprising a mixture of a chiral
component and of a nematic component, the chiral component has a
concentration of approximately 0.031 molar fraction and the nematic
component having a concentration of approximately 0.969 in molar
fraction and the wavelength of the reflection maximum being in the
range from approximately 320 to 380 nm, particularly at 350 nm.
22. Glass pane construction according to claim 11, characterized in
that the UV filtering layer means comprising in a laminate a first
cholesteric layer, a second cholesteric layer, and a .lamda./2
layer or .lamda./2 foil being arranged between the cholesteric
layers wherein the .lamda./2 layer reverses the circular
polarisation of the impinging UV radiation and both cholesteric
layers having equal or unequal pitch and/or equal or unequal
handedness or the same pitch and handedness.
23. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized by
a sequence of layers having a UV filtering layer means and an
electrochromic layer means.
24. Glass pane construction according to claim 23, characterized in
that the layer sequence in the laminate made of the UV filtering
layer means and electrochromic layer means comprising a cholesteric
layer, a thermoplastics layer, a first electrode layer, an
electrochromic layer, and a second electrode layer.
25. Glass pane construction according to claim 23, characterized in
that the layered sequence of laminate consisting of UV filtering
layer means and electrochromic layer means comprising a first
cholesteric layer, .lamda./2 layer or .lamda./2 foil, a second
cholesteric layer, a thermoplastic layer, a first electrode layer,
an electrochromic layer, and a second electrode layer, wherein the
.lamda./2 layer reverses the circular polarisation of the impinging
UV radiation and both cholesteric layers having equal or unequal
pitch and/or equal or unequal handedness or the same pitch and
handedness.
26. Glass pane construction according to claim 1, characterized in
that the substrate layers and the thermoplastic layers consisting
respectively of a thermoplastic material or foil material like
polyethylene terephtalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA),
polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene-vinyl
acetate (EVA) or preferably polyurethane (PU).
Description
[0001] The present invention refers to a glass pane construction
and, particularly, it refers also to a bullet proof pane for usage
in a motor driven vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
[0002] A known bulletproof pane is described, for instance, in EP
1010963 B1. The transparent laminated bulletproof pane comprises
several transparent panes or layers of glass or synthetic material
which are connected with each other, wherein particularly one or
several laminated layers of synthetic material like, for instance,
polyurethane and polyvinyl butyral or other thermoplastic materials
are provided between the panes of glass, bulletproof glass or
polycarbonate for forming the laminate. The bulletproof window may
comprise a pane or layer made of polycarbonate directed to the
inside of the vehicle.
[0003] If such a laminated bulletproof pane is subjected to the
natural sunlight over a longer time period of, for instance, a few
years, the characteristics of the layers made of synthetic or
plastics material can degrade. Particularly, the transparent layers
made of synthetic material of the bulletproof window may become
more turbid or cloudy resulting in a degrading transparency for
visible light. Further, a lasting radiation with natural sunlight
can also result in an increasing brittleness of the layers made of
plastic degrading the strong lamination of the bulletproof
pane.
[0004] It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide a
glass pane construction that reduces degrading of characteristics
like becoming more turbid or brittleness.
[0005] This object is solved by the glass pane construction
according to claim 1. Accordingly, the transparent glass pane
construction of the invention, which particularly may be used as a
bullet proof pane in a motor driven vehicle, comprises several
transparent panes and layers made of glass, ceramic, or synthetic
material or plastic, which are connected in a layered manner in a
laminate, and a transparent UV filtering layer means for filtering
of ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the natural sunlight impinging.
Accordingly, only a part of the UV radiation or none of the UV
radiation in best case can pass to the panes and layers of plastics
or synthetic material to reduce or even avoid negative aging
effects of the plastic layers like brittleness and cloudiness. The
glass pane construction of the invention has the decisive advantage
that the required transparency can be maintained due to the UV
filtering means even over a long time period of usage.
[0006] Preferably, the UV filtering layer means works in a
wavelength range of the electro magnetic UV radiation between
approximately 300 and approximately 400 nm to be able to restrain
such UV radiation. Visible light that is sun radiation in a range
of wavelength between approximately 400 to 750 nm is passed quite
completely by the UV filter as required for use as vehicle
window.
[0007] The glass pane construction of the invention may have UV
filtering layer means comprising one reflecting layer or several
reflecting layers for reflecting of UV radiation. Particularly, the
UV filtering means comprises at least one cholesteric layer
reflecting UV radiation.
[0008] Preferably, the UV filtering layer means is provided before
laminating of the glass pane construction as a foil since this foil
is quite easy to use. Further, the foil can be built in or
integrated quite easily into the laminate of the security glass
construction or bullet proof window like a thermoplastic foil being
an intermediate layer of the laminate.
[0009] An outer pane of the glass pane construction according to
the invention can consist of glass or vitreous ceramic wherein the
UV filtering layer means adjoins the outer pane directly. An outer
pane and at least one further pane of glass, glass ceramic, or
synthetic material, particularly polycarbonate, can be provided,
wherein the UV filtering layer means or UV filtering foil is
arranged between the outer pane and the further pane in a laminate
and adjoins thereto. The UV filtering layer means may be a foil,
particularly an adhesive or gluing foil, and it is arranged between
a first pane or layer and a second pane or layer of glass, glass
ceramic, or synthetic material, particularly polycarbonate in order
to ensure protection of the subsequent layers of synthetic material
or laminated layers against UV radiation.
[0010] The present invention refers also to a glass pane
construction having an electrochromic layer means for controlling
the transparency of the glass pane construction.
[0011] An electrochromic light-damping device is described in DE
698 10 776 T2, wherein the function thereof is based on organic
compounds. Also DE 10 2008 030 441 B3 describes a known
electrochromic layered means that is called a light valve assembly
and that is used in a glazing of vehicles. The known light valve
assembly being electrically switchable comprises in a laminate two
opposite substrate foils with electrically conductive electrodes
mounted thereon and a light valve layer or electrochromic layer
there between. The electrodes consist of inorganic materials like
for example light transparent and conductive oxides. The substrate
foils are made of synthetic material or plastic. The light valve
layer comprises organic compounds or suspended valve drops that can
be aligned in an electrical field, which can be generated by
supplying of an electrical voltage to the electrodes. If the light
valve compounds of the electrochromic layer are aligned by
supplying a voltage the transparency of the light valve arrangement
is high.
[0012] If, in contrast, no voltage is applied to the light valve,
the compounds are disordered in their alignment and the light
transparency is only minimal.
[0013] It was found out that the required transparency of a glass
pane construction with built-in electrochromic layered means
degrades with time if the glass pane construction is exposed to
natural sun light.
[0014] It is, therefore, also an object of the present invention to
provide a glass pane construction having electrochromic layered
means and being able to maintain a high transparency even for a
long time period.
[0015] This object is solved by the glass pane construction with
electrochromic layered means according to claim 1. Accordingly, the
transparent glass pane construction of the invention, which in
particularly may be used as a bullet proof pane in a motor driven
vehicle, comprises several transparent panes and layers made of
glass, ceramic, or synthetic material, which are in a layered
manner connected to each other in a laminate, electrically
controllable or switchable electrochromic layered means or foil for
electrical controlling or switching of the light transparency of
the glass pane construction or of the bullet proof pane and laminar
transparent UV filtering layer means or a UV filtering foil for
filtering of ultra violet (UV) radiation of the natural sunlight so
that no or only a part of the UV radiation passes to the
electrochromic layer means.
[0016] The glass pane construction of the present invention having
an electrochromic layer thus has the decisive advantage that the
specified high transparency is maintained also within a long time
period of use due to UV filtering means. It was found out that it
can be avoided by the UV filtering layer in the glass pane
construction of the invention that the ultra violet radiation of
the sunlight impinges onto the electrochromic layer, by interaction
between the UV radiation and the organic and electrochromic
compounds of the electrochromic layer thus, can be avoided, which
otherwise would lead to degrading of transparency of the
electrochromic layer.
[0017] The UV filtering means of the invention is able to absorb
and/or to reflect the UV radiation of the solar radiation at least
in part.
[0018] Preferably, the UV filtering layer means works in a
wavelength range of the electro magnetic UV radiation between
approximately 300 and approximately 400 nm to be able to restrain
such UV radiation. Visible light that is sun radiation in a range
of wavelength between approximately 400 to 750 nm is passed quite
completely by the UV filter as required for use as vehicle
window.
[0019] The glass pane construction of the invention may have UV
filtering layer means comprising one reflecting layer or several
reflecting layers for reflecting of UV radiation. Particularly, the
UV filtering means comprises at least one cholesteric layer
reflecting UV radiation.
[0020] Preferably, the UV filtering layer means is provided before
laminating of the glass pane construction as a foil since this foil
is quite easy to use. Further, the foil can be built in or
integrated quite easily into the laminate of the security glass
construction or bullet proof pane like a thermoplastic foil being
an intermediate layer of the laminate.
[0021] Preferably, the UV filtering means comprises at least one
cholesteric layer having a cholesteric compound or component or a
cholesteric mixture of compounds or components in cured state which
are selected from: [0022] at least one cholesteric polymerisable
monomer; [0023] at least one achiral, nematic polymerisable monomer
and a chiral compound; [0024] at least one cholesteric
polymerisable polymer; [0025] at least one cholesteric polymer in a
polymerisable solvent; [0026] at least one cholesteric polymer
whose cholesteric face can be frozen in by rapid cooling to below
the glass transition temperature; and/or [0027] at least one
achiral liquid/crystalline cross linkable polymer and achiral
compound. These components are explained in detail in DE 197 45 647
A1.
[0028] The cholesteric layer is preferably designed to have a
maximum of reflection at ultra violet wavelengths .lamda. in the
range between approximately 300 to 400 nm. Particularly the
cholesteric layer may have a maximum of reflection in ultra violet
wavelength of approximately .lamda.=350 nm whereby a secure decline
of the ability of reflection in direction to the visible
wavelengths range is enabled.
[0029] Further, the cholesteric layer may comprise a mixture of a
chiral component and a nematic component, the chiral component has
a concentration of approximately 0.031 in molar fraction and the
nematic component having a concentration of approximately 0.969 in
molar fraction and the wavelength of the maximum of reflection is
in the region of wavelengths .lamda. between approximately 320 to
380 nm, particularly at .lamda.=350 nm. By adjusting the
concentrations of both components of the cholesteric layer the
maximum of reflection of the UV filter could be determined.
[0030] The UV filtering layer means may comprise in laminate a
first cholesteric layer, a second cholesteric layer, and a
.lamda./2 layer or .lamda./2 foil being arranged between the
cholesteric layers, whereby the .lamda./2 layer reverses the
circular polarisation of the impinging UV radiation and both
cholesteric layers have unequal or equal pitch and/or unequal or
equal handedness, preferably the same pitch and handedness to
increase the ability of UV reflection. The UV reflection can even
be considerably increased into a range of 80% or even more than
90%, wherein the light transparency of the UV filter amounts to
even more than 90% in the visible range of spectrum.
[0031] Preferably a laminated layer sequence may be realised of a
UV filter layer means and an electrochromic layer means to
facilitate the production of the laminated pane.
[0032] The layer sequence in the laminate made of the UV filtering
layer means and electrochromic layer means may comprise a
cholesteric layer, a thermoplastic layer, a first electrode layer,
an electrochromic layer, and a second electrode layer to allow a
compact construction.
[0033] The layered sequence of laminate consisting of UV filtering
layer means and electrochromic layer means may comprise a first
cholesteric layer, .lamda./2 layer or .lamda./2 foil, a second
cholesteric layer, a thermoplastic layer, a first electrode layer,
an electrochromic layer, and a second electrode layer, wherein the
.lamda./2 layer reverses the circular polarisation of the impinging
UV radiation and both cholesteric layers have the same pitch and
handedness to obtain a facilitated production together with a very
high UV reflection.
[0034] The substrate layers and the thermoplastic layers may
consist respectively of a thermoplastic material like polyethylene
terephtalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate
(PC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylenevinyl acetate (EVA), or
preferably polyurethane (PU) since they are available as foils.
[0035] Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention
are mentioned in the subclaims.
[0036] Further advantages, advantageous embodiments, and
utilisations of the invention could be taken from the following
description of exemplified and preferred embodiments of the
invention in connection with the drawings that show:
[0037] FIG. 1 a schematic partial section view of a glass pane
construction of the invention according to an exemplified
embodiment of the invention in the form of a bulletproof pane
comprising UV filtering layer means;
[0038] FIG. 2 a schematic partial section view in part of a glass
pane construction of the invention in a further exemplified
embodiment of the invention in the form of a bulletproof pane
comprising UV filtering layer means;
[0039] FIG. 3 a schematic partial section view of a glass pane
construction of the invention according to an exemplified
embodiment of the invention in the form of a bullet proof pane
comprising electrochromic layer means and UV filtering layer
means;
[0040] FIG. 4 a schematic partial section view in part of a glass
pane construction of the invention in a further exemplified
embodiment of the invention in the form of a bullet proof pane
comprising electrochromic layer means and UV filtering layer means
having .lamda./2 sheet; and
[0041] FIG. 5 a schematic section view in part of a glass pane
construction of the invention in a further exemplified embodiment
of the invention in the form of a bulletproof pane comprising
electrochromic layer means and UV filtering layer means.
[0042] FIG. 1 shows a schematic partial section view of the glass
pane construction of the invention in a preferred embodiment of
invention in the form of a bulletproof pane 1 having UV (ultra
violet) filtering layer means 3 reflecting UV radiation. The
bulletproof or bullet resistant glass pane 1 is constructed as a
laminated pane or window and may be used, for instance, as
windscreen, lateral window, or rear window of a motor driven
vehicle or automobile.
[0043] The bullet proof pane 1 of the invention has laminated glass
panes 2, 4 and 6 of the same shape and made of, for instance, of
bulletproof glass, the inner glass pane 6 is arranged inside of the
vehicle, the outer glass pane 2 is arranged outside of the vehicle,
and the middle glass pane is arranged between the outer glass pane
2 and the inner glass pane 6. An outer face 10 of the bullet proof
pane 1 and a side of the vehicle onto which bullets are striking or
impinging is marked by the arrow A in FIG. 1 being directed onto
the outer glass pane 2. The UV filtering layer means 3 extends
between the outer glass pane 2 and the middle glass pane 4 which is
constructed by multiple layers and which reflects ultra violet (UV)
radiation being comprised by the spectrum of the natural sunlight
that impinges onto the outer face 10 of the bullet proof pane 1 or
outer glass pane 2 in direction of the arrow A. A laminated
adhesive layer 5, for instance, of polyurethane or polyvinyl
butyral, is arranged between middle glass pane 4 and the inner
glass pane 6. A sequence of layers comprising a polyurethane layer
7 and a pane 8 made of polycarbonate may be formed on the inner
surface of the inner glass pane 6 in this order in the same shape.
An inner side 11 of the bullet proof pane 1 corresponds to the
inner surface of the polycarbonate pane 8 that prevents glass
splitters to enter into the interior of the vehicle. Consequently,
the bullet proof glass pane 1 has a layered construction seen from
outside to inside comprising the glass pane 2, the UV filtering
layer means 3 comprising several layers, the glass pane 4, the
inner glass pane 6, the polyurethane layer 7, and the polycarbonate
layer 8. All these panes and layers have a high transparency of
visible light.
[0044] The multi-layered UV filtering layer means 3 comprises a
first outer polyurethane layer 3.1 adjoining the outer glass pane
2, a second inner polyurethane layer 3.3 adjoining the middle glass
pane 4, and a UV filtering layer 3.2 being arranged between the
polyurethane layers 3.1 and 3.3. The whole UV filtering layer means
3 may be designed as a foil and it reflects UV radiation in a
wavelength range of approximately 300 nm to 400 nm corresponding
approximately to the UV-A range of the UV radiation of the natural
sunlight.
[0045] The UV filtering layer 3.2 comprises a cholesteric layer
containing a mixture having a chiral component and a nematic
component, the chiral component having a concentration of
approximately 0.031 in molar fraction or molar relation and the
nematic component having a concentration of approximately 0.969 in
molar fraction or molar relation. The wavelength of the reflection
maximum of this mixture amounts to approximately 350 nm whereby
high reflection ability is obtained in UV radiation wavelengths
range from 300 nm up to 400 nm.
[0046] The nematic component may comprise a nematic monomer having
the formula N1
##STR00001##
with R=H, Cl or CH.sub.3 and n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 are respectively
2, 4, 6, etc. in a preferred embodiment. The chiral component
comprises a compound with the formula C1
##STR00002##
The UV filtering layer 3.2 may comprise additional components like
diluents, photo initiators, bonding agents, and levelling agents in
small amounts.
[0047] Before the whole bulletproof pane 1 is produced as a
laminate using heat and pressure in an autoclave, the UV filtering
layer means 3 is produced as a foil 23.
[0048] During production, a cholesteric UV filtering layer 3.2
having a thickness of 30 .mu.m using a wet process is applied on a
foil made of thermoplastic polyurethane used as substrate
corresponding to the polyurethane layer 3.1 by using, for instance,
a doctor blade. The cholesteric layer 3.2 contains a mixture
comprising the nematic monomer of formula N1 and the chiral
component of formula C1, wherein the concentration of the nematic
monomer N1 amounts to approximately 0.969 in molar fraction and
wherein the concentration of the chiral component C1 amounts to
approximately 0.031 in molar fraction. Cellulose acetate butyral
can be added to improve the building of the layer. Butyl acetate
may be used as solvent. 2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine
oxide may be added to the mixture in small concentration as photo
initiator. After applying the cholesteric mixture, a UV light
source is used for radiating after the solvent was lost in order to
obtain a curing of the layer. Then a further foil 3.3 made of
thermoplastic polyurethane is arranged on the UV filtering layer
3.2 to prepare the foil 23 as UV filtering layer means 3.
[0049] The layers 3.1 and 3.3 or also 5 and 7 can respectively
consist of thermoplastic material or foil material as, for
instance, polyethylene terephtalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate
(PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), or
ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), or preferably polyurethane (PU).
[0050] The thicknesses of the outer glass pane 2 and the middle
glass pane 4 could amount to 4 mm, respectively, and the thickness
of the inner glass pane may be 6 mm. The thicknesses of the
polyurethane layers 3.1, 3.3, and 5 each may be 1 mm. The thickness
of the polyurethane layer 7 may be 1.9 mm and the thickness of the
polycarbonate layer 8 may be 2.5 mm.
[0051] Since the UV filtering layer means 3 reflects the UV
radiation of the natural sunlight substantially or a big part
thereof, the UV radiation cannot pass to the subsequent layers 3.3,
5, 7, and 8 of plastic or synthetic material whereby negative aging
effects of these plastic layers like increasing brittleness and
cloudiness can be prevented.
[0052] FIG. 2 shows a schematic partial section view of a glass
pane construction of the invention in a further exemplified
embodiment of the invention in the form of a bulletproof pane 1.1
having a UV filtering layer means 3.5 reflecting UV radiation of
the natural sunlight. The bullet resistant glass pane 1.1 is
constructed as a laminated pane and it may be used, for instance,
as a window of an automobile.
[0053] The bullet proof glass pane 1.1 of the invention has glass
panes 2, 4 and 6 arranged in a laminate wherein the inner glass
pane 6 is arranged inside of the vehicle, the outer glass pane 2 is
arranged outside of the vehicle and the middle glass pane is
arranged between the outer glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 6.
An outer face 10 of the bullet proof glass pane 1 and, therefore,
the side of the vehicle onto which bullets strike is marked by the
arrow A in FIG. 2 which is directed onto the outer glass pane 2.
The UV filtering layer means 3.5 extends between the outer glass
pane 2 and the middle glass pane 4 which is constructed by multiple
layers and which reflects ultra violet (UV) radiation being
comprised by the spectrum of the natural sunlight that impinges
onto the outer surface 10 of the bullet proof glass pane 1.1.
[0054] A laminated adhesive layer 5, for instance, of polyurethane
or polyvinyl butyral, is arranged between middle glass pane 4 and
the inner glass pane 6. A sequence of layers comprising a
polyurethane layer 7 and a pane 8 made of polycarbonate may be
formed on the inner face of the inner glass pane 6 in this order in
the same shape. An inner side 11 of the bullet proof pane 1.1
corresponds to the inner face of the polycarbonate pane 8. The
bullet proof glass pane 1.1 consequently has a layered construction
seen from outside to inside comprising the glass pane 2, the UV
filtering layer means 3.5, the glass pane 4, the adhesive layer 5,
the inner glass pane 6, the polyurethane layer 7, and the
polycarbonate layer 8. All these panes and layers have a high
transparency for visible light.
[0055] The UV filtering layer means 3.5 has a first outer
polyurethane layer 3.51 or another thermoplastic foil adjoining the
outer glass pane 2, a second inner polyurethane layer 3.55 or
another thermoplastic foil adjoining the middle glass pane 4, and a
UV filtering layer 3.56 being arranged between the polyurethane
layers 3.51 and 3.55 in a laminate. The whole UV filtering layer
means 3.5 may be designed as a separate foil before assembling the
bullet proof pane 1.1 and it reflects UV radiation of the sun
spectrum in a range of the wavelength of approximately 300 nm to
400 nm.
[0056] The UV filtering layer 3.56 comprises a first cholesteric
layer 3.52 and a second cholesteric layer 3.54 each containing a
mixture having a chiral component and a nematic component, and each
having the same handedness and pitch, wherein the chiral component
having a concentration of approximately 0.031 in molar fraction and
the nematic component having a concentration of approximately 0.969
in molar fraction. The wavelength of the reflection maximum of this
mixture amounts to approximately 350 nm whereby high reflection
ability is obtained in the UV radiation wavelength range from 300
nm up to 400 nm. The nematic component comprises a nematic monomer
having the formula N1 and/or N2 and/or N3 as it is described in
detail with regard to FIG. 1. The chiral component comprises a
compound having the formula C1 and/or C2. The cholesteric layers
3.52 and 3.54 respectively may contain additional components like
solvents, photo initiators, bonding agents, and levelling agents in
small amounts.
[0057] The UV filtering layer 3.56 comprises a .lamda./2 foil 3.53
or .lamda./2 layer or .lamda./2 plate which is arranged between the
first cholesteric layer 3.52 and the second cholesteric layer 3.54
in a laminated arrangement. The .lamda./2 foil 3.53 reverts the
direction of circulation of the circular polarised UV radiation
passing there through. This three layer construction of the UV
filtering layer 3.5 provides very high values of UV reflection
between 80 and 90% and values of transmittance in the visible
spectrum or light of more than 90%.
[0058] The UV filtering layer means 3.5 is produced as a foil 33
before the whole bullet proof glass pane 1.1 is laminated in an
autoclave. During the production of the UV filtering foil, the
cholesteric layer 3.52 or UV filtering layer is applied on a foil
made of thermoplastic polyurethane or another thermoplastic
material being used as substrate according to the polyurethane
layer 3.51 by using, for instance, a doctor blade in a thickness of
30 .mu.m using a wet process. The cholesteric layer 3.52 contains a
mixture comprising the nematic monomer of formula N1 and the chiral
component of formula C1, wherein the concentration of the nematic
monomer N1 amounts to approximately 0.969 in molar fraction and
wherein the concentration of the chiral component C1 amounts to
approximately 0.031 in molar fraction.
[0059] Cellulose acetate butyral can be added. Butyl acetate can be
used as a solvent. 2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide
is added to the mixture in small concentration as photo initiator.
After depositing the cholesteric mixture, a UV light source is used
for radiating after the solvent was lost in order to obtain a
curing of the layer. Thereafter the .lamda./2 foil 3.53 is put on
the cholesteric layer 3.52.
[0060] The second cholesteric layer 3.54 is then applied on the
.lamda./2 foil 3.53 again by using, for instance, a doctor blade in
a thickness of 30 .mu.m using a wet process. The second cholesteric
layer 3.54 also contains a mixture comprising the nematic monomer
of formula N1 and the chiral component C1 wherein also in this case
the concentration of the nematic monomer N1 amounts to
approximately 0.969 in molar fraction and wherein the concentration
of the chiral component amounts to approximately 0.031 in molar
fraction. Cellulose acetate butyral can be added to improve the
forming of the layer. Butyl acetate can be used as solvent. 2, 4,
6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine can be used as photo initiator
in the mixture in small concentration.
[0061] After depositing of the second cholesteric layer 3.54, a
further foil 3.55 made of thermoplastic polyurethane or another
thermoplastic material is deposited on the second cholesteric layer
3.54 after escape of the solvent to produce the UV filtering layer
means 3.5 as a foil 33.
[0062] FIG. 3 shows a schematic partial section view of the glass
pane construction of the invention in a preferred embodiment of
invention in the form of a bullet proof pane 1 having
electrochromic layer means 5 and UV filtering layer means 3. The
bullet proof or bullet secure glass pane 1 is constructed as
laminated pane and may be used for instance as windscreen, lateral
window, or rear window of a motor driven vehicle or automobile.
[0063] The bullet proof pane 1 of the invention has laminated glass
panes 2, 4 and 6 of the same shape and made of, for instance, of
bullet proof glass, the inner glass pane 6 is arranged inside of
the vehicle, the outer glass pane 2 is arranged outside of the
vehicle and the middle glass pane is arranged between the outer
glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 6. An outer face 10 of the
bullet proof pane 1 and a side of the vehicle onto which bullets
are striking or impinging is marked by the arrow A in FIG. 3 being
directed onto the outer glass pane 2. The UV filtering layer means
3 extends between the outer glass pane 2 and the middle glass pane
4 which is constructed by multiple layers and which reflects ultra
violet (UV) radiation being comprised by the spectrum of the
natural sunlight that impinges onto the outer face 10 of the bullet
proof pane 1 or outer glass pane 2 in direction of the arrow A. The
electrochromic layer means 5 is arranged between the middle glass
pane 4 and the inner glass pane 6 which is constructed by multiple
layers and which has a light transparency being controlled or
switched by an electrical voltage source 5.8 being applied. The
electrochromic layer means 5 has the same shape as the UV filtering
layer means 3. A sequence of layers comprising a polyurethane layer
7 and a pane 8 made of polycarbonate in this sequence may be formed
on the inner face of the inner glass pane 6 in this sequence in the
same shape. An inner side 11 of the bullet proof pane 1 corresponds
to the inner face of the polycarbonate pane 8 that prevents glass
splitters to enter into the interior of the vehicle. The bullet
proof glass pane 1 consequently has a layered construction seen
from outside to inside comprising the glass pane 2, the UV
filtering layer means 3, the glass pane 4, the electrochromic layer
means 5, the inner glass pane 6, the polyurethane layer 7, and the
polycarbonate layer 8. All these panes and layers have a high
transparency of visible light.
[0064] The UV filtering layer means 3 has a first outer
polyurethane layer 3.1 adjoining the outer glass pane 2, a second
inner polyurethane layer 3.3 adjoining the middle glass pane 4, and
a UV filtering layer 3.2 being arranged between the polyurethane
layers 3.1 and 3.3. The whole UV filtering layer means 3 may be
arranged as a foil and it reflects UV radiation in a wavelength
range of approximately 300 nm to 400 nm.
[0065] The UV filtering layer 3.2 comprises a cholesteric layer
containing a mixture having a chiral component and a nematic
component, the chiral component having a concentration of
approximately 0.031 in molar fraction or molar relation and the
nematic component having a concentration of approximately 0.969 in
molar fraction or molar relation. The wavelengths of the reflection
maximum of this mixture amounts to approximately 350 nm whereby
high reflection ability is obtained in UV radiation wavelengths
range from 300 nm up to 400 nm. The nematic component comprises a
nematic monomer having the formula N1
##STR00003##
With R=H, Cl or CH.sub.3 and n.sub.l and n.sub.2 are respectively
2, 4, 6, etc. in a preferred embodiment. The chiral component
comprises a compound with the formula C1
##STR00004##
The UV filtering layer 3.2 may comprise additional components like
diluents, photo initiators, bonding agents and levelling agents in
small amounts.
[0066] Before the whole bullet proof pane 1 is produced as a
laminate using heat and pressure in an autoclave, the UV filtering
layer means 3 is produced as a foil 23. During production, a
cholesteric UV filtering layer 3.2 having a thickness of 30 .mu.m
using a wet process is applied on a foil made of thermoplastic
polyurethane used as substrate corresponding to the polyurethane
layer 3.1 by using, for instance, a doctor blade. The cholesteric
layer 3.2 contains a mixture comprising the nematic monomer of
formula N1 and the chiral component of formula C1, wherein the
concentration of the nematic monomer N1 amounts to approximately
0.969 in molar fraction and wherein the concentration of the chiral
component C1 amounts to approximately 0.031 in molar fraction.
Cellulose acetate butyral is added to improve the building of the
layer. Butyl acetate is used as solvent. 2, 4,
6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide is added to the mixture
in small concentration as photo initiator. After applying the
cholesteric mixture, a UV light source is used for radiating after
the solvent was lost in order to obtain a curing of the layer. Then
a further foil 3.3 made of thermoplastic polyurethane is arranged
on the UV filtering layer 3.2 to prepare the foil 23 as UV
filtering layer means 3.
[0067] The electrochromic layer means 5 has a first substrate layer
5.1, a second substrate layer 5.5, a first electrode layer 5.2, a
second electrode layer 5.4, and an electrochromic layer 5.3 being
arranged between the first electrode layer 5.2 and the second
electrode layer 5.4, all connected in a laminate. The layers 5.2,
5.3, and 5.4 are provided between the substrate layers 5.1 and 5.5
being opposite to each other.
[0068] The substrate layers 5.1 and 5.5 and also the layers 3.1 and
3.3 can respectively consist of thermoplastic material or foil
material as, for instance, polyethylene terephtalate (PET),
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl
butyral (PVB), or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), or preferably
polyurethane (PU). The electrode layers 5.2 and 5.4 contain, for
instance, indium tin oxide. The electrochromic layer 5.3 comprises
a light valve suspension as, for instance, it is described in DE 10
2008 030 441 B3 and DE 696 09 275 T2 or an electrochromic compound
that, for instance, comprises 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridine
diperchlorate, 2-terbutylanthraquinone and 5.10- hydro-
5.10-dimethylphenazine in .gamma.-butyrolactone with a light
sensitive component as it is described in detail in DE 698 10 776
T2 together with further examples. The electrochromic layer 5.3 has
a thickness of approximately 0.150 mm.
[0069] The electrochromic layer 5.3 is transparent for light in the
visible spectral range of the sunlight by applying an electrical
voltage of the voltage source 5.8 via the electrical conductors 5.6
and 5.7 to the electrode layers 5.2 and 5.4, respectively.
Conversely, the electrochromic layer 5.3 is getting nontransparent
or opaque if no electrical voltage is supplied to the electrode
layers 5.2 and 5.4. The electrochromic layer means 5 is provided
preferably in the form of a laminated foil at the beginning of the
production of the bullet proof glass pane 1.
[0070] The thicknesses of the outer glass pane 2 and the middle
glass pane 4 could amount to 4 mm, respectively, and the thickness
of the inner glass pane may be 6 mm. The thicknesses of the
polyurethane layers 3.1, 3.3, 5.1 and 5.5 each may be 1 mm. The
thickness of the polyurethane layer 7 may be 1.9 mm and the
thickness of the polycarbonate layer 8 may be 2.5 mm.
[0071] FIG. 4 shows a schematic partial section view of a glass
pane construction of the invention in a further exemplified
embodiment of the invention in the form of a bullet proof pane 1.1
having an electrochromic layer means 5 and a UV filtering layer
means 3.5. The bullet proof glass pane 1.1 is constructed as a
laminated pane and it may be used, for instance, as a window of an
automobile.
[0072] The bullet proof glass pane 1.1 of the invention has
laminated glass panes 2, 4 and 6 wherein the inner glass pane 6 is
arranged inside of the vehicle, the outer glass pane 2 is arranged
outside of the vehicle and the middle glass pane is arranged
between the outer glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 6. An outer
face 10 of the bullet proof glass pane 1 and, therefore, the side
of the vehicle onto which bullets strike is marked by the arrow A
in FIG. 4 which is directed onto the outer glass pane 2. The UV
filtering layer means 3.5 extends between the outer glass pane 2
and the middle glass pane 4 which is constructed by multiple layers
and which reflects ultra violet (UV) radiation being comprised by
the spectrum of the natural sunlight that impinges onto the outer
face 10 of the bullet proof glass pane 1.1. The electrochromic
layer means 5 is arranged between the middle glass pane 4 and the
inner glass pane 6 which is constructed by multiple layers and
which has a light transparency being controlled or switched by a
voltage source 5.8 being applied. The electrochromic layer means 5
has the same shape as the UV filtering layer means 3.5. A sequence
of layers comprising a polyurethane layer 7 and a pane 8 made of
polycarbonate in this sequence may be formed on the inner face of
the inner glass pane 6 in this sequence in the same shape. An inner
side 11 of the bullet proof pane 1.1 corresponds to the inner face
of the polycarbonate pane 8. The bullet proof glass pane 1.1
consequently has a layered construction seen from outside to inside
comprising the glass pane 2, the UV filtering layer means 3.5, the
glass pane 4, the electrochromic layer means 5, the inner glass
pane 6, the polyurethane layer 7, and the polycarbonate layer 8.
All these panes and layers have a high transparency for visible
light.
[0073] The UV filtering layer means 3.5 has a first outer
polyurethane layer 3.51 or another thermoplastic foil adjoining the
outer glass pane 2, a second inner polyurethane layer 3.55 or
another thermoplastic foil adjoining the middle glass pane 4, and a
UV filtering layer 3.56 being arranged between the polyurethane
layers 3.51 and 3.55 in a laminate. The whole UV filtering layer
means 3.5 may be arranged as a separate foil before assembling the
bullet proof pane 1.1 and it reflects UV radiation of the sun
spectrum in a range of the wavelength of approximately 300 nm to
400 nm.
[0074] The UV filtering layer 3.5 comprises a first cholesteric
layer 3.52 and a second cholesteric layer 3.54 each containing a
mixture having a chiral component and a nematic component, and each
having the same handedness and pitch, wherein the chiral component
having a concentration of approximately 0.031 in molar fraction and
the nematic component having a concentration of approximately 0.969
in molar fraction. The wavelength of the reflection maximum of this
mixture amounts to approximately 350 nm whereby high reflection
ability is obtained in the UV radiation wavelength range from 300
nm up to 400 nm. The nematic component comprises a nematic monomer
having the formula N1 and/or N2 and/or N3 as it was described in
detail with regard to FIG. 1 or 3. The chiral component comprises a
compound having the formula C1 and/or C2. The cholesteric layers
3.52 and 3.54 respectively may contain additional components like
solvents, photo initiators, bonding agents and levelling agents in
small amounts.
[0075] The UV filtering layer 3.5 comprises a .lamda./2 foil 3.53
or .lamda./2 layer or .lamda./2 plate which is arranged between the
first cholesteric layer 3.52 and the second cholesteric layer 3.54
in a laminated arrangement. The .lamda./2 foil 3.53 reverts the
direction of circulation of the circular polarised UV radiation
passing there through. This three layer construction of the UV
filtering layer 3.5 provides very high values of UV reflection
between 80 and 90% and values of transmittance in the visible
spectrum or light of more than 90%.
[0076] The UV filtering layer means 3.5 is produced as a foil 33
before the whole bullet proof glass pane 1.1 is laminated in an
autoclave. During the production of the UV filtering foil, the
cholesteric layer 3.52 or UV filtering layer is applied on a foil
made of thermoplastic polyurethane or another thermoplastic
material being used as substrate according to the polyurethane
layer 3.51 by using, for instance, a doctor blade in a thickness of
30 .mu.m using a wet process. The cholesteric layer 3.52 contains a
mixture comprising the nematic monomer of formula N1 and the chiral
component of formula C1, wherein the concentration of the nematic
monomer N1 amounts to approximately 0.969 in molar fraction and
wherein the concentration of the chiral component C1 amounts to
approximately 0.031 in molar fraction. Cellulose acetate butyral is
added to improve the building of the layer. Butyl acetate is used
as solvent. 2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide is
added to the mixture in small concentration as photo initiator.
After depositing the cholesteric mixture, a UV light source is used
for radiating after the solvent was lost in order to obtain a
curing of the layer. Thereafter the .lamda./2 foil 3.53 is put on
the cholesteric layer 3.52.
[0077] The second cholesteric layer 3.54 is then applied on the
.lamda./2 foil 3.53 again by using, for instance, a doctor blade in
a thickness of 30 .mu.m using a wet process. The second cholesteric
layer 3.54 also contains a mixture comprising the nematic monomer
of formula N1 and the chiral component C1 wherein also in this case
the concentration of the nematic monomer N1 amounts to
approximately 0.969 in molar fraction and wherein the concentration
of the chiral component amounts to approximately 0.031 in molar
fraction. Cellulose acetate butyral is added to improve the
building of the layer. Butyl acetate is used as solvent. 2, 4,
6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine is used as photo initiator, in
the mixture in small concentration.
[0078] After depositing of the second cholesteric layer 3.54, a
further foil 3.55 made of thermoplastic polyurethane or another
thermoplastic material is deposited on the second cholesteric layer
3.54 after escape of the solvent to produce the UV filtering layer
means 3.5 as a foil 33.
[0079] The electrochromic layer means 5 is constructed like the
electrochromic layer means of FIG. 3 and is identical in function
thereto. It comprises a first substrate layer 5.1, a second
substrate layer 5.5, a first electrode layer 5.2, a second
electrode layer 5.4, and an electrochromic layer 5.3 in a laminate
which is arranged between the first electrode layer 5.2 and the
second electrode layer 5.4. The layers 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 are placed
between the substrate layers 5.1 and 5.5 being opposite to each
other.
[0080] FIG. 5 shows a schematic partial section view of a glass
pane construction of the invention in a further exemplified
embodiment of the invention in the form of a bullet proof glass
pane 1.3 having an electrochromic layer means 5.65 and a UV
filtering layer means 3.63. The bullet proof pane 1.3 is a
transparent laminated pane and it may be used as a window of an
automobile.
[0081] The bullet proof glass pane 1.3 of the invention has a glass
pane 2 outside of the vehicle and an inner glass pane. An outer
face 10 of the bullet proof pane 1.3 and, therefore, the side of
the vehicle onto which bullets strike on is marked by the arrow A
in FIG. 5 which is directed to the outer glass pane 2. The UV
filtering layer means 3.63, a polyurethane layer 9, and an
electrochromic layer means 5.65 in this sequence which are in a
laminate to each other and to the glass panes 2 and 6 extend
between the outer glass pane 2 and the inner glass pane 6. Another
thermoplastic material may be used instead of the polyurethane
layer 9.
[0082] The UV filtering layer means 3.63 is constructed by multiple
layers and reflects ultra violet (UV) radiation comprised in the
spectrum of the natural sunlight which impinges on the outer face
10 of the bullet proof glass pane 1.3 in the direction of the arrow
A. The electrochromic layer means 5.65 is constructed also by
multiple layers and it has again a transparency of light that can
be controlled or switched by means of a voltage source 5.8 being
applied. The electrochromic layer means 5.65 is identical in shape
to the UV filtering layer means 3.63. On an inner face of the inner
glass pane 6 a layered sequence of a polyurethane layer 7 and of a
polycarbonate layer 8 in this sequence may be arranged.
Consequently, the bullet proof glass pane 1.3 has a layered
construction seen from outside to inside comprising the glass pane
2, the UV filtering layer means 3.63, the polyurethane layer 9, the
electrochromic layer means 5.65, the inner glass pane 6, the
polyurethane layer 7, and the polycarbonate layer 8. All these
panes and layers have a high transparency for visible light and
form together a laminate.
[0083] The UV filtering layer means 3.63 has an outer polyurethane
layer 3.61 or another thermoplastic foil that adjoins the outer
glass pane 2, and a UV filtering layer 3.62 that adjoins to the
polyurethane layer 9 or another thermoplastic foil.
[0084] The UV filtering layer 3.62 is a cholesteric layer that
comprises a mixture from a chiral component and a nematic
component, wherein the chiral component having a concentration of
approximately 0.031 in molar fraction or molar relation and the
nematic component having a concentration of approximately 0.969 in
molar fraction or molar relation. The wavelength of the reflection
maximum of this mixture amounts to approximately 350 nm whereby
high reflection ability is obtained in the UV radiation wavelength
range from 300 nm up to 400 nm. The nematic component comprises a
nematic monomer having the formula N1 and/or N2 and/or N3 as it was
described in detail with regard to FIG. 1 or 3. The chiral
component comprises a compound having the formula C1 and/or C2. The
cholesteric layer 3.62 may contain additional components like
solvents, photo initiators, bonding agents, and levelling agents in
small amounts.
[0085] The electrochromic layer means 5.65 is identical in function
to the electrochromic layer means 5 of FIG. 1. It comprises a first
electrode layer 5.61, a second electrode layer 5.63, and an
electrochromic layer 5.62 in a laminate which is arranged between
the first electrode layer 5.61 and the second electrode layer 5.63.
The first electrode layer 5.61 is arranged on the polyurethane
layer 9 that, therefore, provides a common substrate layer for the
first electrode layer 5.61 and the cholesteric layer 3.62.
[0086] Before the whole bullet proof glass pane 1.3 is produced and
laminated in an autoclave, the UV filtering layer means 3.63 is
produced together with the electrochromic layer means 5.65 and the
common polyurethane layer 9 as an integrated foil 13.
[0087] During production of the foil 13, in a first step, the
cholesteric layer 3.62 or the UV filtering layer is applied on a
foil made of thermoplastic polyurethane or another thermoplastic
material being used as substrate according to the polyurethane
layer 3.61 by using, for instance, a doctor blade in a thickness of
30 .mu.m using a wet process. The cholesteric layer 3.62 contains
like in FIG. 1 a mixture comprising the nematic monomer of formula
N1 and the chiral component of formula C1, wherein the
concentration of the nematic monomer N1 amounts to approximately
0.969 in molar fraction and wherein the concentration of the chiral
component C1 amounts to approximately 0.031 in molar fraction.
Cellulose acetate butyral is added to improve the forming of the
layer. Butyl acetate is used as solvent. 2, 4,
6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide is added to the mixture
in small concentration as photo initiator. After depositing the
cholesteric mixture, a UV light source is used for radiation to
obtain curing of the layer after the solvent was lost. After the
curing of the cholesteric layer 3.63, the polyurethane layer 9
being a foil is put thereon.
[0088] Then the first electrode layer 5.61 of the electrochromic
layer means 5.65 is produced on the polyurethane layer 9 on which
thereafter the electrochromic layer 5.62 is arranged. Finally, the
second electrode layer 5.63 and the substrate layer 5.64 are
arranged in this sequence on the electrochromic layer 5.62 to form
the combined foil 13 comprising UV filtering layer means 3.63, the
common polyurethane layer 9, and electrochromic layer means
5.65.
* * * * *