U.S. patent application number 14/370942 was filed with the patent office on 2015-01-15 for preparation method of explosives with differrnt densities and explosives with different density.
The applicant listed for this patent is Qingdao Target Mining Services Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Shizhong Xue.
Application Number | 20150013858 14/370942 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48716404 |
Filed Date | 2015-01-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150013858 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Xue; Shizhong |
January 15, 2015 |
PREPARATION METHOD OF EXPLOSIVES WITH DIFFERRNT DENSITIES AND
EXPLOSIVES WITH DIFFERENT DENSITY
Abstract
Disclosed are explosives, especially a preparation method for
explosives of different densities and explosives of different
densities. The method adjusts physical density by adding granular
form physical density adjusting agent with 0.5-5.0 mm grain
diameter and 0.03-0.30 g/cm3 bulk density when preparing
explosives. The method can adjust the explosive's density within a
large range to produce the explosives with a wide range of
detonation velocity to meet different needs for explosive velocity
according to different lithology, and simultaneously meet needs for
different explosives in the same blasthole.
Inventors: |
Xue; Shizhong; (Weihai,
CN) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Qingdao Target Mining Services Co., Ltd. |
Qingdao, City, Shandong |
|
CN |
|
|
Family ID: |
48716404 |
Appl. No.: |
14/370942 |
Filed: |
October 11, 2012 |
PCT Filed: |
October 11, 2012 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/CN2012/082766 |
371 Date: |
July 7, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
149/2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C06B 23/003
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
149/2 |
International
Class: |
C06B 23/00 20060101
C06B023/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 5, 2012 |
CN |
201210002098.5 |
Claims
1-14. (canceled)
15. A preparation method of explosives with different densities,
characterized in that a granular physical density adjusting agent
with the particle size of 0.5-5.0 mm and the bulk density of
0.03-0.30 g/cm.sup.3 is added in the preparation process of the
explosives, and the explosives are emulsion explosives or ammonium
nitrate fuel oil explosives.
16. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 15, characterized in that the physical density
adjusting agent is a granular physical density adjusting agent with
the particle size of 2-4 mm and the bulk density of 0.07-0.20
g/cm.sup.3.
17. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 15, characterized in that the physical density
adjusting agent is a physical density adjusting agent with
adsorbability on diesel or without adsorbability on diesel; and the
physical density adjusting agent with adsorbability on diesel is of
expanded perlite particles and/or dried broken plant particles, and
the physical density adjusting agent without adsorbability on
diesel is of thermoplastic polymer foam particles.
18. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 17, characterized in that the thermoplastic
polymer foam particles are of one or a mixture of more than two of
foam particles of polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene.
19. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 15, characterized in that when the explosives
are emulsion explosives, the preparation method of explosives with
different densities comprises the following steps: (101) injecting
a sensitizing solution into an emulsion base to prepare a mixture
I, wherein the weight ratio of the emulsion base to the sensitizing
solution is (98-102):(1.0-3.2); and (102) adding the physical
density adjusting agent into the mixture I, and uniformly mixing
and sensitizing to obtain the explosives; wherein the amount of the
physical density adjusting agent is 0.1-35% of the weight of the
emulsion base.
20. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 15, characterized in that when the explosives
are heavy emulsion explosives in the emulsion explosives, the
preparation method of explosives with different densities comprises
the following steps: (201) injecting a sensitizing solution into an
emulsion base to prepare a mixture I, wherein the weight ratio of
the emulsion base to the sensitizing solution is
(98-102):(1.0-3.2); and (202) uniformly mixing porous granular
ammonium nitrate with the diesel to prepare a mixture II, and
uniformly mixing the mixture I with the mixture II to prepare a
mixture III, wherein the content by weight of the emulsion base in
the mixture III is above 50%, and the weight ratio of the porous
granular ammonium nitrate to the diesel is (93.5-95.5):(4.5-6.5);
and (203) adding the physical density adjusting agent into the
mixture III, and uniformly mixing and sensitizing to obtain the
explosives, wherein the content by weight of the physical density
adjusting agent is 0.1-35% that of the mixture III by weight.
21. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 15, characterized in that when the explosives
are heavy emulsion explosives in the emulsion explosives, the
preparation method of explosives with different densities comprises
the following steps: (301) injecting a sensitizing solution into an
emulsion base with negative oxygen balance to prepare a mixture I,
wherein the weight ratio of the emulsion base to the sensitizing
solution is (98-102):(1.0-3.2); (302) uniformly mixing the mixture
I with porous granular ammonium nitrate to prepare a mixture IV;
and (303) adding the physical density adjusting agent into the
mixture IV, and uniformly mixing and sensitizing to obtain the
explosives, wherein the content by weight of the emulsion base in
the mixture IV is above 50%, and the content by weight of the
physical density adjusting agent in the mixture IV is 0.1-35%.
22. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 20, characterized in that the content by weight
of the porous granular ammonium nitrate in the mixture II or the
mixture IV is 10%, 30% or 45%.
23. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 17, characterized in that when the explosives
are porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives in the
ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, the physical density
adjusting agent is one or a mixture of more of physical density
adjusting agents with adsorbability on diesel, and the preparation
method of explosives with different densities comprises the
following steps: (101) uniformly mixing 93.5-95.5 parts by weight
of porous granular ammonium nitrate and 4.5-6.5 parts by weight of
diesel to obtain a mixture I; and (102) uniformly mixing the
mixture I with the physical density adjusting agent to obtain the
porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives with the
different densities; wherein the amount of the physical density
adjusting agent is 0.1-35% of the total weight of the porous
granular ammonium nitrate and the diesel.
24. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 16, characterized in that when the explosives
are porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives in the
ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, the physical density
adjusting agent is the physical density adjusting agent without
adsorbability on diesel, and the preparation method of explosives
with different densities comprises the following step: uniformly
mixing 93.5-95.5 parts by weight of porous granular ammonium
nitrate, 4.5-6.5 parts by weight of diesel and the physical density
adjusting agent, wherein the weight of the physical density
adjusting agent accounts for 0.1-35% of the total weight of the
porous granular ammonium nitrate and the diesel.
25. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 16, characterized in that when the explosives
are heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives in the ammonium
nitrate fuel oil explosives, and the preparation method of
explosives with different densities comprises the following steps:
(201) uniformly mixing porous granular ammonium nitrate, the diesel
and the physical density adjusting agent to obtain a mixture II,
wherein the physical density adjusting agent is the physical
density adjusting agent without adsorbability on diesel, and the
weight ratio of the porous granular ammonium nitrate to the diesel
is (93.5-95.5):(4.5-6.5); (202) uniformly mixing an emulsion base
with a sensitizing solution to obtain a mixture III, wherein the
weight ratio of the emulsion base to the sensitizing solution is
100:(1.0-3.2); and (203) uniformly mixing the mixture II and the
mixture III to prepare the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil
explosives, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture II to the
mixture III is not less than 1:1; wherein the amount of the
physical density adjusting agent is 0.1-35% of the total weight of
the porous granular ammonium nitrate, the diesel and the emulsion
base.
26. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 16, characterized in that when the explosives
are heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives in the ammonium
nitrate fuel oil explosives, the preparation method of explosives
with different densities comprises the following steps: (301)
uniformly mixing porous granular ammonium nitrate with the diesel
to obtain a mixture IV, wherein the weight ratio of the porous
granular ammonium nitrate to the diesel is (93.5-95.5):(4.5-6.5);
(302) uniformly mixing an emulsion base with a sensitizing solution
to obtain a mixture III, wherein the weight ratio of the emulsion
base to the sensitizing solution is 100:(1.0-3.2); and (303)
uniformly mixing the mixture IV, the mixture III and the physical
density adjusting agent to prepare the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel
oil explosives, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture IV to the
mixture III is not less than 1:1, and the amount of the physical
density adjusting agent is 0.1-35% of the total weight of the
porous granular ammonium nitrate, the diesel and the emulsion
base.
27. The preparation method of explosives with different densities
according to claim 16, characterized in that when the explosives
are heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives in the ammonium
nitrate fuel oil explosives, the preparation method of explosives
with different densities comprises the following steps: (401)
uniformly mixing porous granular ammonium nitrate and an emulsion
base with negative oxygen balance to obtain a mixture V, wherein
the weight ratio of the porous granular ammonium nitrate to the
emulsion base is not less than 1:1; and (402) uniformly mixing the
mixture V, a sensitizing solution and the physical density
adjusting agent and sensitizing at the temperature of 0-90.degree.
C. for 15-20 min to prepare the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil
explosives; wherein the weight ratio of the emulsion base to the
sensitizing solution is 100:(1.0-3.2), and the amount of the
physical density adjusting agent is 0.1-35% of the total weight of
the porous granular ammonium nitrate and the emulsion base.
28. Explosives with different densities obtained by the preparation
method according to claim 15.
Description
[0001] The application claims priority of the following Chinese
patent applications: [0002] 1. Chinese patent application No.
201210002199.2, filed with Chine Patent Office on Jan. 5, 2012,
entitled "Preparation Method of Emulsion Explosives with Different
Densities and Emulsion Explosives with Different Densities". [0003]
2. Chinese patent application No. 201210002098.5, filed with Chine
Patent Office on Jan. 5, 2012, entitled "Preparation Method of
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Explosives with Different Densities and
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Explosives with Different Densities".
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The invention relates to explosives, in particular to a
preparation method of explosives with different densities and
explosives with different densities.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Generally, traditional explosives have a relatively narrow
density range. However, due to different rock properties, different
rocks need different detonation velocities of the explosives.
Generally, the higher the hardness of the rocks is, the higher the
required detonation velocity of the explosives is; and the lower
the hardness of the rocks is, the lower the required detonation
velocity of the rocks is. The detonation velocity of the explosives
also has a linear relation with the density in a certain range. As
the explosives prepared by the common explosive preparation method
have the relatively narrow density range, the large-range
regulation cannot be performed according to lithological changes to
meet the requirements of different lithologies for different
detonation velocities. To meet the requirements of the different
lithologies for explosive energy, Slag interval charging or
air-deck charging needs to be adopted, so that the perforation cost
is wasted and the working time is wasted; and furthermore,
detonation energy acted on the rocks is non-uniform, so that the
blasting effect is affected. Therefore, a method capable of
preparing explosives with a better blasting effect and a large
density range is needed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The invention aims at overcoming the shortcomings of the
prior art as stated above and providing a preparation method of
explosives with different densities. A variety of explosives within
a relatively wide density range can be prepared through the method.
The technical solution disclosed by the invention is as
follows:
[0007] According to the preparation method of explosives with
different densities of the invention, a granular physical density
adjusting agent with the particle size of 0.5-5.0 mm and the bulk
density of 0.03-0.30 g/cm.sup.3 is added in the preparation process
of the explosives to adjust the density, and the explosives are
emulsion explosives, heavy emulsion explosives, porous granular
ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives or heavy ammonium nitrate fuel
oil explosives.
[0008] Optionally, the physical density adjusting agent is a
granular physical density adjusting agent with the p apr particle
particlesize of 2-4 mm and the bulk density of 0.07-0.20
g/cm.sup.3.
[0009] Optionally, the physical density adjusting agent is a
physical density adjusting agent with adsorbability on diesel or
without adsorbability on diesel; and the physical density adjusting
agent with adsorbability on diesel is expanded perlite particles
and/or dried broken plant particles, and the physical density
adjusting agent without adsorbability on diesel is thermoplastic
polymer foam particles.
[0010] Optionally, the thermoplastic polymer foam particles are one
or a mixture of more than two of foam particles of polystyrene,
polyethylene and polypropylene.
[0011] Optionally, the explosives are the emulsion explosives, and
the preparation method comprises the following steps: [0012] (101)
injecting a sensitizing solution into an emulsion base to prepare a
mixture I, wherein the weight ratio of the emulsion base to the
sensitizing solution is (98-102):(1.0-3.2); and [0013] (102) adding
the physical density adjusting agent into the mixture I, and
uniformly mixing and sensitizing to obtain the explosives; [0014]
wherein the amount of the physical density adjusting agent is
0.1-35% of the weight of the emulsion base.
[0015] Optionally, the emulsion explosives are the heavy emulsion
explosives, and the preparation method comprises the following
steps: [0016] (201) injecting a sensitizing solution into an
emulsion base to prepare a mixture I, wherein the weight ratio of
the emulsion base to the sensitizing solution is
(98-102):(1.0-3.2); [0017] (202) uniformly mixing porous granular
ammonium nitrate with the diesel to prepare a mixture II, uniformly
mixing the mixture I with the mixture II to prepare a mixture III,
wherein the content by weight of the emulsion base in the mixture
III is above 50%, and the weight ratio of the porous granular
ammonium nitrate to the diesel is (93.5-95.5):(4.5-6.5); and [0018]
(203) adding the physical density adjusting agent into the mixture
III, and uniformly mixing and sensitizing to obtain the explosives,
wherein the content by weight of the physical density adjusting
agent is 0.1-35% that of the mixture III by weight.
[0019] Optionally, the emulsion explosives are the heavy emulsion
explosives, and the preparation method comprises the following
steps: [0020] (301) injecting a sensitizing solution into an
emulsion base with negative oxygen balance to prepare a mixture I,
wherein the weight ratio of the emulsion base to the sensitizing
solution is (98-102):(1.0-3.2); [0021] (302) uniformly mixing the
mixture I with porous granular ammonium nitrate to prepare a
mixture IV; and [0022] (303) adding the physical density adjusting
agent into the mixture IV, and uniformly mixing and sensitizing to
obtain the explosives; [0023] wherein the content by weight of the
emulsion base in the mixture IV is above 50%, and the content by
weight of the physical density adjusting agent in the mixture IV is
0.1-35%.
[0024] Optionally, the porous granular ammonium nitrate in the
mixture II or the mixture IV is 10%, 30% or 45%.
[0025] Optionally, the explosives are the porous granular ammonium
nitrate fuel oil explosives, the physical density adjusting agent
is one or a mixture of more of physical density adjusting agents
with adsorbability on diesel, and the preparation method of
explosives with different densities comprises the following steps:
[0026] (101) uniformly mixing 93.5-95.5 parts by weight of porous
granular ammonium nitrate and 4.5-6.5 parts by weight of diesel to
obtain a mixture I; and [0027] (102) uniformly mixing the mixture I
with the physical density adjusting agent to obtain the porous
granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives with the different
densities; [0028] wherein the amount of the physical density
adjusting agent is 0.1-35% of the total weight of the porous
granular ammonium nitrate and the diesel.
[0029] Optionally, the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are the
porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, the physical
density adjusting agent is the physical density adjusting agent
without adsorbability on diesel, and the preparation method
comprises the following step: uniformly mixing 93.5-95.5 parts by
weight of porous granular ammonium nitrate, 4.5-6.5 parts by weight
of diesel and the physical density adjusting agent, wherein the
weight of the physical density adjusting agent accounts for 0.1-35%
of the total weight of the porous granular ammonium nitrate and the
diesel.
[0030] Optionally, the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are the
heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, and the preparation
method comprises the following steps: [0031] (201) uniformly mixing
porous granular ammonium nitrate, the diesel and the physical
density adjusting agent to obtain a mixture II, wherein the
physical density adjusting agent is the physical density adjusting
agent without adsorbability on diesel, and the weight ratio of the
porous granular ammonium nitrate to the diesel is
(93.5-95.5):(4.5-6.5); [0032] (202) uniformly mixing an emulsion
base with a sensitizing solution to obtain a mixture III, wherein
the weight ratio of the emulsion base to the sensitizing solution
is 100: (1.0-3.2); and [0033] (203) uniformly mixing the mixture II
and the mixture III to prepare the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil
explosives, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture II to the
mixture III is not less than 1:1; [0034] wherein the amount of the
physical density adjusting agent is 0.1-35% of the total weight of
the porous granular ammonium nitrate, the diesel and the emulsion
base.
[0035] Optionally, the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are the
heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, and the preparation
method comprises the following steps: [0036] (301) uniformly mixing
porous granular ammonium nitrate with the diesel to obtain a
mixture IV, wherein the weight ratio of the porous granular
ammonium nitrate to the diesel is (93.5-95.5):(4.5-6.5); [0037]
(302) uniformly mixing an emulsion base with a sensitizing solution
to obtain a mixture III, wherein the weight ratio of the emulsion
base to the sensitizing solution is 100: (1.0-3.2); and [0038]
(303) uniformly mixing the mixture IV, the mixture III and the
physical density adjusting agent to prepare the heavy ammonium
nitrate fuel oil explosives, wherein the weight ratio of the
mixture IV to the mixture III is not less than 1:1, and the amount
of the physical density adjusting agent is 0.1-35% of the total
weight of the porous granular ammonium nitrate, the diesel and the
emulsion base.
[0039] Optionally, the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are the
heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, and the preparation
method comprises the following steps: [0040] (401) uniformly mixing
porous granular ammonium nitrate and an emulsion base with negative
oxygen balance to obtain a mixture V, wherein the weight ratio of
the porous granular ammonium nitrate to the emulsion base is not
less than 1:1; and [0041] (402) uniformly mixing the mixture V, a
sensitizing solution and the physical density adjusting agent and
sensitizing at the temperature of 0-90.degree. C. for 15-20 min to
prepare the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives; [0042]
wherein the weight ratio of the emulsion base to the sensitizing
solution is 100:(1.0-3.2), and the amount of the physical density
adjusting agent is 0.1-35% of the total weight of the porous
granular ammonium nitrate and the emulsion base.
[0043] The invention further relates to explosives with different
densities obtained through the above methods. When the content of
the emulsion base in the emulsion explosives accounts for above 50%
of the explosives, the emulsion explosives are the heavy emulsion
explosives. The ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are divided
into two major categories, one category is the porous granular
ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives and the other category is the
heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives.
[0044] The invention has the following beneficial effects: [0045]
(1) The emulsion explosives with the density range of 0.3-1.25
g/cm.sup.3 and the detonation range of 1800-5500 m/s can be
prepared through the preparation method of the invention, and the
requirements of different lithologies for different detonation
velocities of the explosives can be met. [0046] (2) The explosives
prepared through the method for preparing the emulsion explosives
of the invention have certain water resistance and moisture
resistance. [0047] (3) Compared with the way of adopting slag
interval charging or air-deck charging to adjust the detonation
velocity of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives to adapt to
the requirements of different lithologies for different detonation
velocities, the unit consumption is saved, the detonation energy
acted on rocks is uniform, the blasting effect is good, the
construction efficiency is high, the backfill workload is small,
surface masses are few, and blasting toe rocks are few. [0048] (4)
A variety of porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives
which have the density of 0.3-0.95 g/cm.sup.3 and further obtain
the detonation velocity of 1600-3600 m/s and a variety of heavy
ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives which have the density of
0.3-1.25 g/cm.sup.3 and further obtain the detonation velocity of
1800-5000 m/s can be prepared through the preparation methods of
the explosives of the invention, the requirements of different
lithologies of the explosives for different detonation velocities
can be met, and the requirements of different explosives in a same
blast hole can be met. [0049] (5) By adopting the ammonium nitrate
fuel oil explosives of the invention, the explosives with different
densities, different detonation velocities and different varieties
can be loaded into the same blast hole, slag interval charging or
air-deck charging is not required in the process, the backfill
height can be reduced to 20-23 times, and the backfill height is
the most reasonable backfill height; and compared with the backfill
height for the aperture length of 30-33 times in the prior art, the
backfill height not only ensures the effects, but also reduces the
surface masses. [0050] (6) Compared with a laboratory, the
invention can realize large-scale production, be implemented by a
multifunctional site mixing and loading vehicle and decide the
density of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, the heavy
ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, the emulsion explosives and
the heavy emulsion explosives by regulating the output of the
physical density adjusting agent through a helix material conveying
machine.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0051] The invention is described in detail in combination with the
following specific embodiments, but the invention is not limited to
the listed embodiments.
Embodiment 1
[0052] Explosives are prepared by taking 9.8 kg of an emulsion
base, injecting 0.32 kg of a sensitizing solution, then adding 3.43
kg of polystyrene foam particles with the average particle size of
2 mm and the bulk density of 0.07 g/cm.sup.3 and uniformly mixing.
The density is determined to be 0.30 g/cm.sup.3, and the detonation
velocity is tested to be 1502 m/s according to a method for
measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of
GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 2
[0053] Explosives are prepared by taking 10 kg of an emulsion base,
injecting 0.1 kg of a sensitizing solution, uniformly mixing,
adding 0.01 kg of expanded perlite particles with the average
particle size of 5 mm and the bulk density of 0.3 g/cm.sup.3 and
uniformly mixing. The density is determined to be 1.25 g/cm.sup.3,
and the detonation velocity is tested to be 4993 m/s according to a
method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial
explosive of GB/T 13228-1991.
Embodiment 3
[0054] Explosives are prepared by taking 10.2 kg of an emulsion
base, injecting 0.3 kg of a sensitizing solution, adding 1 kg of
rice husks with the average particle size of 3 mm and the bulk
density of 0.1 g/cm.sup.3 and uniformly mixing. The density is
determined to be 0.53 g/cm.sup.3, and the detonation velocity is
tested to be 2702 m/s according to a method for measuring a
detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of
GB/T13228-1991.
[0055] Embodiment 4
[0056] Explosives are prepared by the following steps: (1) taking
10 kg of an emulsion base, and injecting 0.1 kg of a sensitizing
solution and uniformly mixing; then (2) taking 4.5 kg of porous
granular ammonium nitrate and 0.26 kg of diesel, and uniformly
mixing; (3) uniformly mixing mixtures prepared by the step (1) and
the step (2); and (4) adding 0.0145 kg of polypropylene foam
particles with the average particle size of 2.5 mm and the bulk
density of 0.08 g/cm.sup.3 into the mixture prepared in the step
(3), and uniformly mixing. The density is determined to be 1.25
g/cm.sup.3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 5003 m/s
according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an
industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 5
[0057] Explosives are prepared by the following steps: (1) taking
9.8 kg of an emulsion base, and injecting 0.32 kg of a sensitizing
solution and uniformly mixing; (2) taking 1 kg of porous granular
ammonium nitrate and 0.058 kg of diesel, and uniformly mixing; (3)
uniformly mixing mixtures prepared by the step (1) and the step
(2); and (4) adding 3.78 kg of a mixture of polystyrene foam
particles with the average particle size of 2 mm and the bulk
density of 0.1 g/cm.sup.3 and expanded perlite particles (wherein
the mixture contains 1 kg of polystyrene foam particles and 2.78 kg
of expanded perlite particles) into the mixture prepared in the
step (3), and uniformly mixing. The density is determined to be 0.3
g/cm.sup.3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 1508 m/s
according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an
industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 6
[0058] Explosives are prepared by the following steps: (1) taking
10.2 kg of an emulsion base, and injecting 0.3 kg of a sensitizing
solution and uniformly mixing; (2) taking 3 kg of porous granular
ammonium nitrate and 0.174 kg of diesel, and uniformly mixing; (3)
uniformly mixing mixtures prepared by the step (1) and the step
(2); and (4) adding 2 kg of expanded perlite particles with the
particle size of 5.0 mm and the bulk density of 0.3 g/cm.sup.3 into
the mixture prepared in the step (3), and uniformly mixing. The
density is determined to be 0.73 g/cm.sup.3, and the detonation
velocity is tested to be 3402 m/s according to a method for
measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of
GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 7
[0059] Explosives are prepared by taking 10 kg of an emulsion base
with negative oxygen balance, injecting 0.1 kg of a sensitizing
solution and uniformly mixing; then adding 4.5 kg of porous
granular ammonium nitrate, uniformly mixing, finally adding 5 kg of
polyethylene foam particles with the average particle size of 4.5
mm and the bulk density of 0.25 g/cm.sup.3, uniformly mixing and
sensitizing. The density is determined to be 0.52g/cm.sup.3, and
the detonation velocity is tested to be 2613 m/s according to a
method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial
explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 8
[0060] Explosives are prepared by taking 9.8 kg of an emulsion base
with negative oxygen balance, injecting 0.20 kg of a sensitizing
solution and uniformly mixing; then adding 1 kg of porous granular
ammonium nitrate, and uniformly mixing; finally adding 1.5 kg of a
mixture of polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene foam
particles with the average particle size of 4 mm and the bulk
density of 0.20 g/cm.sup.3 (wherein the mixture contains 0.5 kg of
polypropylene, 0.5 kg of polystyrene and 0.5 kg of polyethylene),
uniformly mixing and sensitizing. The density is determined to be
0.68 g/cm.sup.3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 2946
m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an
industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 9
[0061] Explosives are prepared by taking 10.2 kg of an emulsion
base with negative oxygen balance, injecting 0.32 kg of a
sensitizing solution and uniformly mixing; then adding 3 kg of
porous granular ammonium nitrate, and uniformly mixing; and finally
adding 0.01 kg of expanded perlite particles with the average
particle size of 0.5 mm and the bulk density of 0.03 g/cm.sup.3,
uniformly mixing and sensitizing. The density is determined to be
1.20 g/cm.sup.3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 4308
m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an
industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
[0062] The emulsion base with the negative oxygen balance in
embodiments 4-6 is prepared by adopting the following method:
uniformly mixing 85 kg of ammonium nitrate, 0.122 kg of thiourea
and 14.1 kg of water at the temperature of 80.degree. C., and
regulating the pH value to 3.5 by using sodium hydroxide and acetic
acid, wherein the crystallization point is 70.degree. C., and the
turbidity of a solution is 0.8 NTU, as measured; adding a diatomite
adsorbent into the solution, and performing suction filtration by a
coarse filter and a fine filter for 30 min in total to obtain a
pure oxidizer salt water solution for later use; melting and
uniformly mixing 1.8 kg of LZ2820 polyisobutylene succinic
anhydride emulsifier and 5 kg of paraffin oil at the temperature of
70.degree. C. to prepare an oil phase for later use; and
emulsifying the obtained oxidizer salt water solution and the oil
phase in an emulsifier at the temperature of 80.degree. C. to form
a water-in-oil type emulsion explosive base. The viscosity is
determined to be 15 BU.
[0063] The emulsion base in embodiments 1-3 and 7-9 is prepared by
adopting the following method: uniformly mixing 79.9 kg of ammonium
nitrate, 0.122 kg of thiourea and 14.1 kg of water at the
temperature of 80.degree. C., and regulating the pH value to 3.5 by
using sodium hydroxide and acetic acid, wherein the crystallization
point is determined to be 70.degree. C., and the turbidity of a
solution is 0.8 NTU; adding a diatomite adsorbent into the
solution, and performing suction filtration by a coarse filter and
a fine filter for 30 min in total to obtain a pure oxidizer salt
water solution for later use;
[0064] melting and uniformly mixing 1.8 kg of LZ2820
polyisobutylene succinic anhydride emulsifier and 6.22 kg of
paraffin oil at the temperature of 70.degree. C. to prepare an oil
phase for later use; and emulsifying the obtained oxidizer salt
water solution and the oil phase in an emulsifier at the
temperature of 80.degree. C. to form a water-in-oil type emulsion
explosive base. The viscosity is determined to be 15 BU.
[0065] The sensitizing solution in embodiments 4-9 is prepared by
adopting the following method: preparing the sensitizing solution
by 0.09 kg of sodium nitrite, 0.09 kg of sodium bicarbonate and
2.62 kg of water.
[0066] The invention further relates to the emulsion explosives
with the different densities and the heavy emulsion explosives with
the different densities, prepared by the methods described in the
above embodiments.
Embodiment 10
Preparation of Porous Granular Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil
Explosives
[0067] Porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are
prepared by taking 9.35 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate and
0.65 kg of diesel, uniformly mixing, then adding 0.01 kg of
expanded perlite particles with the particle size of 0.5 mm and the
bulk density of 0.03 g/cm.sup.3 into a mixture of the porous
granular ammonium nitrate and the diesel, and uniformly mixing. The
density is determined to be 0.9 g/cm.sup.3, and the detonation
velocity of the explosives in the embodiment is tested to be 3302
m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an
industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 11
Preparation of Porous Granular Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil
Explosives
[0068] Porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are
prepared by taking 9.55 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate,
0.45 kg of diesel and 3.5 kg of polystyrene foam particles with the
particle size of 2.3 mm and the bulk density of 0.12 g/cm.sup.3.
The density is determined to be 0.30 g/cm.sup.3, and the detonation
velocity of the explosives in the embodiment is tested to be 1633
m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an
industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 12
Preparation of Porous Granular Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil
Explosives
[0069] Porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are
prepared by taking 9.45 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate and
0.55 kg of diesel, uniformly mixing, then adding 1.5 kg of rice
husks with the particle size of 5 mm and the bulk density of 0.3
g/cm.sup.3 into a mixture of the porous granular ammonium nitrate
and the diesel, and uniformly mixing. The density is determined to
be 0.71 g/cm.sup.3, and the detonation velocity of the explosives
in the embodiment is tested to be 3306 m/s according to a method
for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of
GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 13
Preparation of Heavy Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Explosives
[0070] Heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives of the embodiment
are prepared by the following steps: (al) taking 9.55 kg of porous
granular ammonium nitrate, 0.45 kg of diesel and 0.0109 kg of
polyethylene foam particles with the particle size of 5 mm and the
bulk density of 0.3/cm.sup.3 and uniformly mixing; (b1) uniformly
mixing 4.8 kg of emulsion base and 0.15 kg of sensitizing solution;
and (c1) uniformly mixing mixtures obtained in the step (a1) and
the step (b1), then loading into a blast hole and sensitizing at
the temperature of 0.degree. C. for 20 min. The density is
determined to be 1.25 g/cm.sup.3, and the detonation velocity is
tested to be 4489 m/s according to a method for measuring a
detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of
GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 14
Preparation of Heavy Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Explosives
[0071] Heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives of the embodiment
are prepared by the following steps: (a3) taking 9.45 kg of porous
granular ammonium nitrate, 0.55 kg of diesel and 1.95 kg of
polypropylene foam particles with the particle size of 3 mm and the
bulk density of 0.12/ cm.sup.3 and uniformly mixing; (b3) uniformly
mixing 3 kg of emulsion base and 0.084 kg of sensitizing solution;
and (c3) uniformly mixing mixtures obtained in the step (a3) and
the step (b3).
[0072] The density is determined to be 0.5 g/cm.sup.3, and the
detonation velocity is tested to be 2608 m/s according to a method
for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of
GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 15
Preparation of Heavy Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Explosives
[0073] Heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives of the embodiment
are prepared by the following steps: (a4) taking 9.45 kg of porous
granular ammonium nitrate and 0.55 kg of diesel and uniformly
mixing; (b4) uniformly mixing 4.8 kg of emulsion base and 0.048 kg
of sensitizing solution; and (c4) uniformly mixing mixtures
prepared in the step (a4) and the step (b4) and 5.25 kg of expanded
perlite particles with the particle size of 2.5 mm and the bulk
density of 0.10 g/cm.sup.3.
[0074] The density is determined to be 0.3 g/cm.sup.3, and the
detonation velocity is tested to be 1633 m/s according to a method
for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of
GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 16
Preparation of Heavy Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Explosives
[0075] Heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives of the embodiment
are prepared by the following steps: (a5) taking 9.35 kg of porous
granular ammonium nitrate and 4 kg of emulsion base with negative
oxygen balance, and uniformly mixing; (b5) adding 0.075 kg of
sensitizing solution and 4.67 kg of foam particles of a
polypropylene-polystyrene-polyethylene mixture (the mixture
contains 1.5 kg of polypropylene, 1.67 kg of polystyrene and 1.5 kg
of polyethylene) with the particle size of 3 mm and the bulk
density of 0.12/cm.sup.3 into a mixture obtained in the step (a5)
and uniformly mixing.
[0076] The density is determined to be 0.35 g/cm.sup.3, and the
detonation velocity is tested to be 1805 m/s according to a method
for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of
GB/T13228-1991.
[0077] The emulsion base with the negative oxygen balance in the
embodiment is prepared by adopting the following method: uniformly
mixing 79.9 kg of ammonium nitrate, 0.122 kg of thiourea and 14.1
kg of water at the temperature of 80.degree. C., and regulating the
pH value to 3.5 by using sodium hydroxide and acetic acid, wherein
the crystallization point is determined to be 70.degree. C., and
the turbidity of a solution is 0.8 NTU; adding a diatomite
adsorbent into the solution, and performing suction filtration by a
coarse filter and a fine filter for 30 min in total to obtain a
pure oxidizer salt water solution for later use; melting and
uniformly mixing 1.8 kg of LZ2820 polyisobutylene succinic
anhydride emulsifier and 6.22 kg of paraffin oil at the temperature
of 70.degree. C. to prepare an oil phase for later use; and
emulsifying the obtained oxidizer salt water solution and the oil
phase in an emulsifier at the temperature of 80.degree. C. to form
a water-in-oil type emulsion explosive base. The viscosity is
determined to be 15 BU.
[0078] The negative oxygen balance in the embodiment means that
oxygen contained in the emulsion base is insufficient to completely
oxidize combustible elements.
[0079] The emulsion base in embodiments 13-15 is prepared by
adopting the following method: uniformly mixing 85 kg of ammonium
nitrate, 0.122 kg of thiourea and 14.1 kg of water at the
temperature of 80.degree. C., and regulating the pH value to 3.5 by
using sodium hydroxide and acetic acid, wherein the crystallization
point is determined to be 70.degree. C., and the turbidity of a
solution is 0.79 NTU; adding a diatomite adsorbent into the
solution, and performing suction filtration by a coarse filter and
a fine filter for 30 min in total to become a pure oxidizer salt
water solution for later use; melting and uniformly mixing 1.8 kg
of LZ2820 polyisobutylene succinic anhydride emulsifier and 5 kg of
paraffin oil at the temperature of 70.degree. C. to prepare an oil
phase for later use; and emulsifying the obtained oxidizer salt
water solution and the oil phase in an emulsifier at the
temperature of 80.degree. C. to form a water-in-oil type emulsion
explosive base. The viscosity is determined to be 16 BU. The
sensitizing solution in embodiments 4-7 is prepared by adopting the
following method: preparing 0.09 kg of sodium nitrite, 0.09 kg of
sodium bicarbonate and 2.62 kg of water into the sensitizing
solution.
[0080] The invention further relates to the porous granular
ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives and the heavy ammonium nitrate
fuel oil explosives with the different densities, prepared by the
above embodiments.
* * * * *