U.S. patent application number 14/353646 was filed with the patent office on 2015-01-08 for breathing biofeedback device.
This patent application is currently assigned to Orna LEVIN. The applicant listed for this patent is Orna LEVIN. Invention is credited to Adi Wallach.
Application Number | 20150011906 14/353646 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 45475475 |
Filed Date | 2015-01-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20150011906 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Wallach; Adi |
January 8, 2015 |
BREATHING BIOFEEDBACK DEVICE
Abstract
Disclosed are biofeedback methods and devices suitable for
providing biofeedback useful for helping a user control an own
breathing, for example, to help in inducing deep breathing, and
such biofeedback devices further comprising a dispenser for
dispensing an inhalable substance.
Inventors: |
Wallach; Adi; (Kfar Netter,
IL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
LEVIN; Orna |
|
|
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
LEVIN; Orna
Kfar Netter
IL
|
Family ID: |
45475475 |
Appl. No.: |
14/353646 |
Filed: |
November 20, 2012 |
PCT Filed: |
November 20, 2012 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/IB2012/056574 |
371 Date: |
April 23, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/538 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B 5/742 20130101;
A61B 5/4839 20130101; A63B 2220/805 20130101; A61M 2205/502
20130101; A61M 2205/583 20130101; A61M 21/02 20130101; A61M 15/08
20130101; A63B 2024/0065 20130101; A61M 2205/3334 20130101; A63B
24/0087 20130101; A61B 5/7405 20130101; A63B 23/185 20130101; A63B
2024/0068 20130101; A61B 5/486 20130101; A61B 5/09 20130101; A63B
2230/505 20130101; A61B 5/0876 20130101; A61B 5/087 20130101; A61B
5/097 20130101; A61B 5/0873 20130101; A61B 5/7455 20130101; A61B
5/0875 20130101; A61M 2205/825 20130101; A63B 2230/405 20130101;
A63B 2220/833 20130101; A61B 5/0878 20130101; A61M 2205/8206
20130101; A61M 2021/0016 20130101; A63B 2230/435 20130101; A61K
36/00 20130101; A61M 2016/0024 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
600/538 |
International
Class: |
A61B 5/00 20060101
A61B005/00; A61K 36/00 20060101 A61K036/00; A61B 5/097 20060101
A61B005/097; A61B 5/087 20060101 A61B005/087; A61M 15/08 20060101
A61M015/08 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 21, 2011 |
GB |
1120060.7 |
Claims
1. A biofeedback device for providing biofeedback useful for
helping a user control breathing, the device comprising: a housing
configured to be hand-held by the user; an exhalation inlet for
receiving exhaled breath from the mouth of the user; physically
associated with said housing, an inhalable substance outlet and a
functionally-associated dispenser configured for dispensing an
inhalable substance to the user through said inhalable substance
outlet, wherein said housing is configured so that when said
exhalation inlet is positioned for said receiving said exhaled
breath from the mouth, said inhalable substance outlet is located
in proximity of the nostrils of the user; physically associated
with said housing, an exhalation determiner functionally associated
with said exhalation inlet, configured to determine when exhaled
breath is received by said exhalation inlet; and a reporter
associated with said exhalation determiner, said reporter
configured to provide a signal related to an exhalation duration of
said exhaled breath received from said exhalation determiner to the
user.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein said exhalation inlet is
functionally associated with an exhalation conduit including an
exhalation outlet, configured so that exhaled breath received by
said exhalation inlet passes through said exhalation conduit and
exits through said exhalation outlet.
3. The device of claim 2, further comprising a flow-restrictor
functionally associated with said exhalation conduit, configured
for limiting the rate of flow of said exhaled breath through said
conduit.
4. A biofeedback device for providing biofeedback useful for
helping a user control breathing, the device comprising: a housing
configured to be hand-held by the user; an exhalation inlet for
receiving exhaled breath from the mouth of the user, wherein said
exhalation inlet is functionally associated with an exhalation
conduit including an exhalation outlet, configured so that exhaled
breath received by said exhalation inlet passes through said
exhalation conduit and exits through said exhalation outlet, and a
flow-restrictor functionally associated with said exhalation
conduit, configured for limiting the rate of flow of said exhaled
breath through said conduit; physically associated with said
housing, an exhalation determiner functionally associated with said
exhalation inlet, configured to determine when exhaled breath is
received by said exhalation inlet; and a reporter associated with
said exhalation determiner, said reporter configured to provide a
signal related to an exhalation duration of said exhaled breath
received from said exhalation determiner to the user.
5. The device of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said signal is
selected from the group consisting of a visual signal, audible
signal, a tactile signal, and combinations thereof.
6. The device of any one of claims 1 to 5, for use in the relief or
treatment of a condition responsive to controlled breathing.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein said condition is a
stress-related condition.
8. The device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least one of
said inhalable substance outlet and said dispenser is contained
within an integrally formed part of said housing.
9. The device of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising an
inhalable substance reservoir functionally associated with said
inhalable substance outlet, said reservoir configured to store said
inhalable substance and to release said inhalable substance to said
dispenser.
10. The device of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said dispenser
is a passive dispenser, comprising a reservoir configured to
passively release said inhalable substance via said inhalable
substance outlet.
11. The device of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said inhalable
substance is an essential oil or an essential oil combination.
12. The device of any one of claims, said inhalable substance for
the relief or treatment of a stress-related condition.
13. The device of claim 12, wherein said inhalable substance is
selected from the group consisting of basil oil, bergamot oil,
black pepper, cedarwood oil, chamomile oil, cinnamon oil, citrodora
oil, clary sage oil, cypress oil, elemi oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel
oil, frankincense oil, geranium oil, ginger oil, grapefruit oil,
hyssop oil, jasmine oil, lavender oil, lemon oil, lemon balm oil,
lemongrass oil, lime oil; mandarin oil, marjoram oil, neroli oil,
nutmeg oil, orange oil; palmarosa oil; patchouli oil, peppermint
oil; petitgrain oil, rose oil; rosemary oil, sandalwood oil,
spearmint oil; thyme oil; vanilla oil; vetiver oil; wintergreen
oil; and ylang ylang oil; and combinations thereof.
14. The device of any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a
cover couplable to said housing, configured to substantially
prevent at least one of entry of air into said exhalation inlet,
diffusion of said inhalable substance out of said device prior to
use, and soiling of said exhalation inlet, when said cover is
coupled to said housing.
15. The device of claim 14, wherein the device is configured so
that removal of said cover activates said reporter and/or said
exhalation determiner.
16. The device of any one of claims 2 to 15, wherein said
exhalation conduit is contained within said housing.
17. The device of any one of claims 3 to 16, wherein said
exhalation determiner is configured to function as said
flow-restrictor.
18. The device of any one of claims 2 to 14, further comprising a
one-way valve functionally associated with said exhalation conduit,
configured for allowing passage of exhaled breath from said
exhalation inlet through said exhalation conduit and out through
said exhalation outlet but for preventing inhalation of air from
said exhalation outlet, through said exhalation conduit and out
through exhalation inlet.
19. The device of claim 18, wherein said exhalation determiner is
configured to function as said one-way valve.
20. A biofeedback method useful for helping a user control
breathing, the method comprising: determining when a user is
exhaling; and providing a signal related to an exhalation duration
of said exhaling to said user.
21. The method of claim 20, for the relief or treatment of a
condition responsive to controlled breathing.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein said condition is a
stress-related condition.
23. The method of claim 20 or 22, wherein said signal comprises a
comparison to a preferred exhalation duration.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein said preferred exhalation
duration is fixed.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein said preferred exhalation
duration is variable.
26. The method of any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein said signal
further comprises a comparison to a preferred pattern of at least
two exhalations.
27. The method of any one of claims 20 to 26, wherein said signal
is selected from the group consisting of a visual signal, audible
signal, a tactile signal, and combinations thereof.
28. The method of any one of claims 20 to 27, further comprising
administering an inhalable substance to the subject, so that the
subject inhales the inhalable substance between said
exhalations.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein said inhalable substance is an
essential oil or combination of essential oils.
30. A biofeedback method useful for helping a user control
breathing, the method comprising: a) providing a device for
measuring exhalation duration of a user, said device having: a
variable preferred exhalation duration, a target exhalation
duration, and a update threshold difference value; b) for a given
use-event of said device by a user, setting said preferred
exhalation duration to said target exhalation duration; and c)
during at least part of said given use-event of said device by said
user, repeatedly determining an actual exhalation duration of said
user, and if said actual exhalation duration is less than said
preferred exhalation duration by at least said update threshold
difference value, reducing said preferred exhalation duration, or
if said actual exhalation duration is substantially equal to or
greater than said preferred exhalation duration, providing a signal
indicating such to said user.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein said target exhalation duration
is set through a user interface.
32. The method of claim 30, wherein said target exhalation duration
is set by the results of a previous use of said device.
33. The method of any one of claims 30 to 32, wherein: subsequent
to said determining an actual exhalation duration of said user, if
said actual exhalation duration is substantially equal to said
preferred exhalation duration, increasing said preferred exhalation
duration.
34. The method of any one of claims 30 to 33, wherein: subsequent
to said determining an actual exhalation duration of said user, if
said actual exhalation duration is greater than said preferred
exhalation duration, increasing said preferred exhalation
duration.
35. The method of any one of claims 30 to 34, wherein: subsequent
to said determining an actual exhalation duration of said user, if
said actual exhalation duration is less than said preferred
exhalation duration by less than said update threshold difference
value, increasing said preferred exhalation duration.
36. The method of any one of claims 30 to 35, wherein a said signal
is selected from the group consisting of a visual signal, audible
signal, a tactile signal, and combinations thereof.
37. The method of any one of claims 30 to 36, further comprising
administering an inhalable substance to the subject, so that the
subject inhales the inhalable substance between said exhalations.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The present application gains priority from UK Patent
Application No. GB1120060.7 filed 21 Nov. 2011, which is
incorporated by reference as if fully set-forth herein.
FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention, in some embodiments, relates to the field of
biofeedback, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to methods
and devices suitable for providing biofeedback useful for helping a
user control an own breathing, for example, to help in inducing
deep breathing.
[0003] Breathing is the process by which animals take in oxygen
necessary for cellular metabolism and release the carbon dioxide
that accumulates in the body as a result of the expenditure of
energy.
[0004] Breathing can be affected by conditions such as emotional
state (such as stress, excitement, fear, etc.), physical exercise,
temperature, ingested or inhaled substances weather and
environmental conditions, various diseases, and obesity.
[0005] The breathing pattern of an individual changes under stress.
Typically, a stressed individual takes small, shallow breaths,
using the shoulders rather than the diaphragm to move air in and
out of the lungs. This style of breathing removes too much carbon
dioxide from the blood, leading to hyperventilation, which can
prolong feelings of anxiety by exacerbating physical symptoms of
stress, including chest tightness, constant fatigue, faintness and
lightheadedness, feelings of panic, headaches, heart palpitations,
insomnia, muscular aches, twitches or stiffness.
[0006] Breathing is one of the few bodily functions that can be
controlled, within limits, both consciously and unconsciously.
Conscious control of breathing is provided by the autonomic nervous
system via the cerebral cortex. Conscious control of breathing is
common in many forms of meditation, such as forms of yoga, and
controlled, deep, breathing from the abdomen rather than from the
upper chest, has been found to induce relaxation, leading to
lowered blood pressure and heart rate, reduced amounts of stress
hormones, reduced lactic acid build-up in muscle tissue, balanced
levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, improved immune
system functioning, increased physical energy and feelings of calm
and well-being. The use of slow, deep breathing, particularly deep
abdominal breathing as a means of promoting relaxation is
considered to be of help in managing stress, as well as a range of
disorders which are related to, or affected by stress including
anxiety, asthma, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain, high blood
pressure, insomnia, panic attacks, labor pain, and some skin
conditions such as eczema, and as well as various psychosomatic and
psychoneurotic disorders.
[0007] In relaxed, deep breathing, the respiration rate is
preferably slow (less than 8 breaths per minute), with large tidal
volume (at least 2000 ml) and smooth flow rates, predominant
abdominal expansion during inhalation and abdominal contraction
during exhalation. The exhalation duration is significantly longer
than the inhalation time and the end-tidal CO.sub.2 is around 5%.
Preferably for relaxation inhalation is through the nose and
exhalation is prolonged, slow and through the mouth.
[0008] Various biofeedback techniques and systems have been
proposed to assist a user in achieving controlled breathing.
[0009] The Respiratory Biofeedback Device produced by BioMental mBh
(Vierlinden, Germany) detects respiratory movement by means of a
sensor worn by the user and converts the detected movement to an
optical and/or acoustic signal that makes the user aware of the own
breathing rhythm and respiratory rate. The device includes a
feedback mask and breath sensor.
[0010] US Patent Publication US2010/0240945 discloses respiratory
biofeedback devices and methods which include producing a signal in
response to a user's respiratory activity by acquiring sounds of a
user's breathing.
[0011] Publications that provide background for understanding the
field of the Invention include US Patent Publications
US2007/167855, US2011/021940; US2012/029376; U.S. Pat. No.
4,984,158; U.S. Pat. No. 5,357,975; U.S. Pat. No. 6,165,105; PCT
publication WO2007/012818; UK Patent application GB2480605; and
Japan patent application JP201004457. It is important to note that
at least some of the references were published after the priority
date of the instant application.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] Some embodiments of the invention relate to methods and
biofeedback devices useful for helping a user control an own
breathing. In some embodiments, a signal related to a determined
exhalation duration is reported to the user as biofeedback. The
biofeedback makes the user aware if breathing is too shallow and
helps the user increase exhalation duration, in some embodiments
helping to induce deep breathing.
[0013] According to some embodiments of the invention, there is
provided a biofeedback device for providing biofeedback useful for
helping a user control breathing, the device comprising a housing
configured to be hand-held by the user; an exhalation inlet for
receiving exhaled breath of the user; physically associated with
the housing, an exhalation determiner functionally associated with
the exhalation inlet, configured to determine when exhaled breath
is received by the exhalation inlet; and a reporter associated with
the exhalation determiner, the reporter configured to provide a
signal related to an exhalation duration of the exhaled breath
received from the exhalation determiner to the user.
[0014] According to some embodiments of the invention, there is
also provided a biofeedback device for providing biofeedback useful
for helping a user control breathing, the device comprising: [0015]
a housing configured to be hand-held by the user; [0016] an
exhalation inlet for receiving exhaled breath from the mouth of the
user; [0017] physically associated with the housing, an inhalable
substance outlet and a functionally-associated dispenser configured
for dispensing an inhalable substance to the user through the
inhalable substance outlet, wherein the housing is configured so
that when the exhalation inlet is positioned for the receiving the
exhaled breath from the mouth, the inhalable substance outlet is
located in proximity of the nostrils of the user; [0018] physically
associated with the housing, an exhalation determiner functionally
associated with the exhalation inlet, configured to determine when
exhaled breath is received by the exhalation inlet; and [0019] a
reporter associated with the exhalation determiner, the reporter
configured to provide a signal related to an exhalation duration of
the exhaled breath received from the exhalation determiner to the
user.
[0020] According to some embodiments of the invention, there is
also provided a biofeedback device for providing biofeedback useful
for helping a user control breathing, the device comprising: [0021]
a housing configured to be hand-held by the user; [0022] an
exhalation inlet for receiving exhaled breath from the mouth of the
user, wherein the exhalation inlet is functionally associated with
an exhalation conduit including an exhalation outlet, configured so
that exhaled breath received by the exhalation inlet passes through
the exhalation conduit and exits through the exhalation outlet, and
a flow-restrictor functionally associated with the exhalation
conduit, configured for limiting the rate of flow of the exhaled
breath through the conduit; [0023] physically associated with the
housing, an exhalation determiner functionally associated with the
exhalation inlet, configured to determine when exhaled breath is
received by the exhalation inlet; and [0024] a reporter associated
with the exhalation determiner, the reporter configured to provide
a signal related to an exhalation duration of the exhaled breath
received from the exhalation determiner to the user.
[0025] In some embodiments, the signal is selected from the group
consisting of a visual signal (such as one or more of a symbol, a
color, a light, an animation and a numerical display), an audible
signal (such as one or more of a bell, a buzzer, a beep, a musical
fragment, and a voice recording, and combinations thereof), a
tactile signal (such as one or more of a vibration of a component,
a change in temperature of a component and a change in shape of a
component), and combinations thereof.
[0026] In some embodiments, the visual display is a dynamic visual
display, such as a blinking visual display, an animated visual
display, or a color-changing visual display, or combinations
thereof.
[0027] In some embodiments, the device of the invention further
comprises, physically associated with the housing, an inhalable
substance outlet and a functionally-associated dispenser configured
for dispensing an inhalable substance to the user through the
inhalable substance outlet.
[0028] In some embodiments, the housing is configured so that when
the exhalation inlet is positioned by the user for receiving
exhaled breath, the inhalable substance outlet is located in
proximity of the nostrils of the user.
[0029] In some embodiments, at least one of the inhalable substance
outlet and the dispenser is contained within a reversibly
detachable section of the housing.
[0030] In some embodiments, at least one of the inhalable substance
outlet and the dispenser is contained within an integrally formed
part of the housing.
[0031] In some embodiments, the device further comprises an
inhalable substance reservoir functionally associated with the
inhalable substance outlet, the reservoir configured to store the
inhalable substance and to release the inhalable substance to the
dispenser.
[0032] In some embodiments, the dispenser is a passive dispenser,
comprising a reservoir configured to passively release the
inhalable substance via the inhalable substance outlet.
[0033] In some embodiments, the device of the invention further
comprises a cover couplable to the housing, configured to
substantially prevent entry of air into the exhalation inlet when
the cover is coupled to the housing.
[0034] In some embodiments, the device of the invention further
comprises a cover couplable (in some embodiments, reversibly
couplable) to the housing, configured to substantially prevent at
least one of entry of air into the exhalation inlet, diffusion of
inhalable substance out of the device prior to use, and soiling of
the exhalation inlet, when the cover is coupled to the housing. In
some embodiments, the device is configured so that removal of the
cover activates the reporter and/or exhalation determiner. In some
embodiments, the device further comprises a tether attached to at
least one of the cover and the housing.
[0035] In some embodiments of the device of the invention, the
exhalation inlet is functionally associated with an exhalation
conduit including an exhalation outlet, configured so that exhaled
breath received by the exhalation inlet passes through the
exhalation conduit and exits through the exhalation outlet. In some
embodiments, the exhalation conduit is contained within the
housing. In some embodiments, the device further comprises a
flow-restrictor functionally associated with the exhalation
conduit, configured for limiting the rate of flow of exhaled breath
through the conduit. In some embodiments, the exhalation determiner
is configured to function as the flow-restrictor.
[0036] According to some embodiments of the invention, there is
provided a biofeedback method useful for helping a user control
breathing, the method comprising determining when a user is
exhaling; and providing a signal related to an exhalation duration
of exhaling to the user.
[0037] In some embodiments of the method of the invention, the
signal comprises a comparison to a preferred exhalation duration.
In some embodiments, the preferred exhalation duration is fixed. In
some embodiments, the preferred exhalation duration is variable. In
some embodiments, the signal further comprises a comparison to a
preferred pattern of at least two exhalations.
[0038] In some embodiments of the method of the invention, the
signal is selected from the group consisting of a visual signal
(such as at least one of a symbol, a color, a light, an animation
and a numerical display, or combinations thereof), audible signal
(such as at least one of a bell, a buzzer, a beep, a musical
fragment, and a voice recording), a tactile signal (such as at
least one of a vibration of a component, a change in temperature of
a component and a change in shape of a component), and combinations
thereof.
[0039] In some embodiments, the visual display is a dynamic visual
display, such as a blinking visual display, an animated visual
display, a color-changing visual display.
[0040] According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention,
there is also provided a biofeedback method useful for helping a
user control breathing, the method comprising: [0041] a) providing
a device for measuring exhalation duration of a user, the device
having: [0042] a variable preferred exhalation duration, [0043] a
target exhalation duration, and [0044] a update threshold
difference value; [0045] b) for a given use-event of the device by
a user, setting the preferred exhalation duration to the target
exhalation duration; and [0046] c) during at least part of the
given use-event of the device by the user, repeatedly determining
an actual exhalation duration of the user, and [0047] if the actual
exhalation duration is less than the preferred exhalation duration
by at least the update threshold difference value, reducing the
preferred exhalation duration, or [0048] if the actual exhalation
duration is substantially equal to or greater than the preferred
exhalation duration, providing a signal indicating such to the
user.
[0049] In some embodiments, a signal is selected from the group
consisting of a visual signal, audible signal, a tactile signal,
and combinations thereof.
[0050] In some embodiments, the target exhalation duration is set
through a user interface. In some embodiments, the target
exhalation duration is set by the results of a previous use of the
device.
[0051] In some embodiments, the method further comprises,
subsequent to the determining an actual exhalation duration of the
user, if the actual exhalation duration is substantially equal to
the preferred exhalation duration, increasing the preferred
exhalation duration.
[0052] In some embodiments, the method further comprises,
subsequent to the determining an actual exhalation duration of the
user, if the actual exhalation duration is greater than the
preferred exhalation duration, increasing the preferred exhalation
duration.
[0053] In some embodiments, the method further comprises,
subsequent to the determining an actual exhalation duration of the
user, if the actual exhalation duration is less than the preferred
exhalation duration by less than the update threshold difference
value, increasing the preferred exhalation duration.
[0054] In some embodiments, the method further comprises
administering an inhalable substance to the subject, so that the
subject inhales the inhalable substance between exhalations.
[0055] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. In case
of conflict, the specification, including definitions, takes
precedence.
[0056] As used herein, the terms "comprising", "including",
"having" and grammatical variants thereof are to be taken as
specifying the stated features, integers, steps or components but
do not preclude the addition of one or more additional features,
integers, steps, components or groups thereof. The phrase
"consisting essentially of" or grammatical variants thereof when
used herein are to be taken as specifying the stated features,
integers, steps or components but do not preclude the addition of
one or more additional features, integers, steps, components or
groups thereof but only if the additional features, integers,
steps, components or groups thereof do not materially alter the
basic and novel characteristics of the claimed device or
method.
[0057] As used herein, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" mean
"at least one" or "one or more" unless the context clearly dictates
otherwise.
[0058] As used herein, when a numerical value is preceded by the
term "about", the term "about" is intended to indicate +/-10%.
[0059] Embodiments of methods and/or devices of the invention may
involve performing or completing selected tasks manually,
automatically, or a combination thereof. Some embodiments of the
invention are implemented with the use of components that comprise
hardware, software, firmware or combinations thereof. In some
embodiments, some components are general-purpose components such as
general purpose computers or oscilloscopes. In some embodiments,
some components are dedicated or custom components such as
circuits, integrated circuits or software.
[0060] For example, in some embodiments, some of an embodiment is
implemented as a plurality of software instructions executed by a
data processor, for example which is part of a general-purpose or
custom computer. In some embodiments, the data processor or
computer comprises volatile memory for storing instructions and/or
data and/or a non-volatile storage, for example, a magnetic
hard-disk and/or removable media, for storing instructions and/or
data. In some embodiments, implementation includes a network
connection. In some embodiments, implementation includes a user
interface, generally comprising one or more of input devices (e.g.,
allowing input of commands and/or parameters) and output devices
(e.g., allowing reporting parameters of operation and results.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0061] Some embodiments of the invention are described herein with
reference to the accompanying figures. The description, together
with the figures, makes apparent to a person having ordinary skill
in the art how some embodiments of the invention may be practiced.
The figures are for the purpose of illustrative discussion and no
attempt is made to show structural details of an embodiment in more
detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the
invention. For the sake of clarity, some objects depicted in the
figures are not to scale.
[0062] In the Figures:
[0063] FIG. 1 depicts a cross-sectional representation of an
embodiment of a device as taught herein, for determining exhalation
duration and providing biofeedback;
[0064] FIG. 2 depicts a cross-sectional representation of an
embodiment of a device as taught herein, for determining exhalation
duration, providing biofeedback and for dispensing an inhalable
substance;
[0065] FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic depictions of the device of
FIG. 2, with a cover couplable to a housing of the device, with the
cover coupled (FIG. 3A) and not-coupled (FIG. 3B);
[0066] FIGS. 4A and 4B schematically depict, in cross section, an
embodiment of an exhalation determiner useful in implementing some
embodiments of the teachings herein, during exhalation (FIG. 4A)
and during no exhalation (FIG. 4B);
[0067] FIGS. 5A and 5B schematically depict, in cross section, an
additional embodiment of an exhalation determiner useful in
implementing some embodiments of the teachings herein, during
exhalation (FIG. 5A) and during no exhalation (FIG. 5B);
[0068] FIGS. 6A and 6B schematically depict, in cross section, an
embodiment of a device as taught herein, including an additional
embodiment of an exhalation determiner, during exhalation (FIG. 6A)
and during no exhalation (FIG. 6B);
[0069] FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D depict an embodiment of a device as
taught herein in front view (FIG. 7A), side view (FIG. 7B) back
view (FIG. 7C) and schematic side cross section (FIG. 7D;
[0070] FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C depict an embodiment of a device as
taught herein in front view (FIGS. 8A and 8B) and perspective view
(FIG. 8C);
[0071] FIGS. 9A and 9B depict an embodiment of a device as taught
herein in perspective view from the front somewhat angled to the
right side (FIG. 9A) and from the left side somewhat angled to the
back (FIG. 9B); and
[0072] FIGS. 10A, 10B, 10C and 10D depict an embodiment of a device
as taught herein in a closed configuration (FIG. 10A), in a
partially-open configuration (FIG. 10B), in a fully-open
configuration (FIG. 10C) and schematically (FIG. 10D).
DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0073] The invention, in some embodiments, relates to the field of
biofeedback, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to a
device providing biofeedback for helping a user control breathing.
Some embodiments of the invention relate to methods and devices
that report a signal related to a preferred exhalation duration.
The reported signal makes the user aware if breathing is too
shallow and helps the user increase exhalation duration, in some
embodiments helping to induce deep breathing.
[0074] The principles, uses and implementations of the teachings
herein may be better understood with reference to the accompanying
description and figures. Upon perusal of the description and
figures present herein, one skilled in the art is able to implement
the invention without undue effort or experimentation. In the
figures, like reference numerals refer to like parts
throughout.
[0075] Before explaining at least one embodiment in detail, it is
to be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited in
its application to the details of construction and the arrangement
of the components and/or methods set forth herein. The invention is
capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out
in various ways. The phraseology and terminology employed herein
are for descriptive purpose and should not be regarded as
limiting.
Method for Helping a User Control Breathing
[0076] According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention
there is provided a biofeedback method useful for helping a user
control breathing, in some embodiments helping inducing deep
breathing, the method comprising: [0077] determining when a user is
exhaling; and [0078] providing a signal (as biofeedback) related to
an exhalation duration of the exhaling to the user. In some
embodiments, an additional feedback is provided that relates to the
breathing pattern.
[0079] The user monitors the signal. If the exhalation duration is
too short (that is to say, the breathing is too fast) the user
knows to make an effort to exhale for a longer time, increasing the
exhalation duration, and thereby breathing more slowly. In some
embodiments, deep breathing is induced.
[0080] In some embodiments, the signal comprises a comparison to a
preferred exhalation duration, making it easier for the user to
know when the exhalation duration is sufficiently long. A typical
preferred exhalation duration is at least about 3 seconds,
typically between about 3 and about 7 seconds.
[0081] As discussed above, correct breathing is known to provide
relief for various conditions. Conditions which may be treated or
relieved by the method of the invention are discussed below.
[0082] Any suitable signal may be provided for the user. For
example, a visual signal, an audible signal, a tactile signal or
combinations thereof.
[0083] For example, in some embodiments, the signal includes or is
a visual signal such as a signal selected from the group consisting
of a symbol, a color, a light, a numerical display, an animation,
or a combination thereof.
[0084] For example, in some embodiments the signal includes or is
an audible signal such as a signal selected from the group
consisting of a bell, a buzzer, a beep, a musical fragment, a voice
recording, or a combination thereof.
[0085] For example, in some embodiments the signal includes or is a
tactile signal such as a signal selected from the group consisting
of a vibration, a change in temperature of a component, a change in
the shape of a component, or a combination thereof.
Adaptive Biofeedback
[0086] In some embodiments, the method comprises adaptive
biofeedback, that is to say, biofeedback that is dependent on the
actual exhalation pattern of a user, for example actual determined
exhalation duration. In some embodiments, adaptive biofeedback is
implemented by an electrical controller by closed loop method
implementation. In some embodiments, biofeedback comprises a
feedback signal provided only when the exhalation time reaches at
least a predetermined target threshold. In some such embodiments,
no signal is provided when the user fails to reach the target
threshold. In some such embodiments, a second, different signal is
provided when the user fails to reach the target threshold. In some
embodiments, the threshold for determining when feedback for the
required exhalation time is provided is changed according to the
performance of the user. In some embodiments, the threshold is set
at a constant number (such as, for example, 5 seconds). In some
embodiments, a constant number threshold is used only for a
first-time use of the device. In some embodiments, the constant
number threshold is used for subsequent uses of the device. In some
embodiments, the exhalation time achieved by the user in the first
exhalation is measured) and the threshold for feedback is changed
accordingly. In some embodiments, if the first measured exhalation
time is less than the threshold level, the threshold is decreased.
In some embodiments, if the first measured exhalation time is
longer than the threshold, the threshold is increased.
[0087] Some such embodiments are useful for helping a person
not-necessarily suffering from an acute problem train for more
effective breathing, for example, people who decide to increase
lung capacity, singers, musicians, divers, and practitioners of
yoga and martial arts.
[0088] Some such embodiments are useful for treating stress-related
conditions especially acute stress-related conditions as discussed
herein, by reducing the performance anxiety potentially arising
from the need to attain a fixed preferred exhalation duration.
Instead, a user gains confidence (and is calmed) by being presented
with a series of attainable but increasingly difficult challenges
(an increasing preferred exhalation duration).
[0089] Thus, accordingly to an aspect of some embodiments of the
teachings herein, there is provided a biofeedback method useful for
helping a user control breathing, the method comprising: [0090] a)
providing a device for measuring the exhalation duration of a user,
the device having: a variable preferred exhalation duration, a
target exhalation duration, and a update threshold difference
value; [0091] b) for a given use-event of the device by a user
(e.g., a continuous session when the user is using the device),
setting the preferred exhalation duration to the target exhalation
duration; and [0092] c) during at least part of the given use-event
of the device by the user, repeatedly determining an actual
exhalation duration of the user, and [0093] if the actual
exhalation duration is less than the preferred exhalation duration
by at least the update threshold difference value, reducing the
preferred exhalation duration, or [0094] if the actual exhalation
duration is substantially equal to or greater than the preferred
exhalation duration, providing a signal indicating such to the
user, as the biofeedback.
[0095] In a descriptive non-limiting embodiment, when a user first
activates such a device for a use-event, the preferred exhalation
duration is set to the value of the target exhalation duration
(e.g., 5 seconds).
[0096] The user exhales, and the device determines (registers) the
actual exhalation duration (e.g., 1 seconds) that is less than the
preferred exhalation duration (5 seconds) by more than the update
threshold difference value (e.g., 0.5 seconds). Depending on the
exact embodiment, the user may or may not receive biofeedback, as
described above. Since the actual exhalation duration (1 second) is
less than the preferred exhalation duration (5 seconds) by at least
the update threshold difference value (0.5 seconds), the preferred
exhalation duration is reduced, e.g., by 1 second to 4 seconds.
[0097] The user exhales a second time, and the device determines
the actual exhalation duration (e.g., 1.3 seconds) that is less
than the preferred exhalation duration (4 seconds) by more than the
update threshold difference value (0.5 seconds). Depending on the
exact embodiment, the user may or may not receive biofeedback, as
described above. Since the actual exhalation duration (1.5 seconds)
is less than the preferred exhalation duration (4 seconds) by at
least the update threshold difference value (0.5 seconds), the
preferred exhalation duration is reduced, e.g., by 1 second to 3
seconds.
[0098] The user exhales a third time, and the device determines the
actual exhalation duration (e.g., 1.5 seconds) that is less than
the preferred exhalation duration (3 seconds) by more than the
update threshold difference value (0.5 seconds). Depending on the
exact embodiment, the user may or may not receive feedback, as
described above. Since the actual exhalation duration (1.5 seconds)
is less than the preferred exhalation duration (3 seconds) by at
least the update threshold difference value (0.5 seconds), the
preferred exhalation duration is reduced, e.g., by 1 second to 2
seconds.
[0099] The user exhales a fourth time, and the device determines
the exhalation duration (e.g., 1.6 seconds) that is less than the
preferred exhalation duration (2 seconds) but by more update
threshold difference value (0.5 seconds). Depending on the exact
embodiment, the user may or may not receive feedback, as described
above. Since the actual exhalation duration (1.5 seconds) is less
than the preferred exhalation duration (3 seconds) by at least the
update threshold difference value (0.5 seconds), the preferred
exhalation duration is reduced, e.g., by 1 second to 2 seconds.
Device
[0100] The device provided to implement such an embodiment having a
variable preferred exhalation duration is any suitable device, for
example, devices such as described herein, that is suitably
modified. Typically, a suitable device includes a digital processor
and can be suitably modified without undue effort or
experimentation by a person having ordinary skill in the art of
programming using software and/or hardware configured to implement
the teachings herein.
[0101] In some typical embodiments, the variable preferred
exhalation duration, the target exhalation duration, and the update
threshold difference value are implemented as variables (software
or hardware) in a computer program.
Target Exhalation Duration
[0102] In some embodiments, the target exhalation duration is the
ultimately-desired exhalation duration for a use-event of the
device. The exact value of a target exhalation duration is
embodiment-dependent.
[0103] In some embodiments, the target exhalation duration is
"factory preset", that is to say, there is no simple manner to
change the value thereof. In such embodiments, the value of the
target exhalation duration is embodiment-dependent. For example,
for embodiments suitable for treatment of stress and the like, the
target exhalation duration is typically, as discussed above, at
least about 3 second, typically between about 3 and about 7
seconds.
[0104] In some embodiments, the target exhalation duration is set
through a user interface (e.g., entered through a user-interface of
the device by the user, a parent of the user, a health care
professional). Some such embodiments are exceptionally useful for
training, as opposed to treatment, embodiments. In some such
embodiments, there is typically no upper limit to the target
exhalation duration. In some such embodiments there is an
arbitrarily high upper limit (e.g., 30 seconds, 60 seconds) is
integrated in the device. In some such embodiments there is a lower
limit to the target exhalation duration, for example 1 second.
[0105] In some embodiments, the target exhalation duration is set
by the results of a previous use of the device.
Variable Preferred Exhalation Duration
[0106] The variable preferred exhalation duration is the exhalation
duration desired for a single exhalation event which purpose, in
some embodiments, is constituting an attainable goal. As noted
above, in some instances a following variable preferred exhalation
duration is updated as a result of a previously-achieved exhalation
duration.
[0107] In some embodiments, there is a minimal value below which
the variable preferred exhalation duration is not set, for example,
in some embodiments 1 second or 2 seconds.
Threshold Difference Value
[0108] As discussed above, the difference between an actual
exhalation duration and a current preferred exhalation duration is
compared to the update threshold difference value. If the actual
exhalation duration is less than the preferred exhalation duration
by at least the update threshold difference value, that is to say a
relatively large difference, the current preferred exhalation
duration is considered too long and difficult to attain, so that
the preferred exhalation duration is reduced to become a more
easily attainable goal. If the actual exhalation duration is less
than the preferred exhalation duration by less than the update
threshold difference value, that is to say a relatively small
difference, the current variable preferred exhalation duration is
considered an attainable goal and is therefore the preferred
exhalation duration is not reduced.
[0109] The exact value of the threshold difference value is
embodiment-dependent. That said, the threshold difference value in
some typically embodiments, the threshold difference value is not
less than 0.1 seconds and not more than 3 seconds, more typically
not less than 0.2 seconds and nor more than 2 seconds.
Reducing the Preferred Exhalation Duration
[0110] The amount by which the preferred exhalation duration is
reduced when needed is embodiment-dependent. In some embodiments,
the amount if fixed. In some embodiments, the amount is varied, for
example, as a function of the absolute value of the current value
of the preferred exhalation duration and/or the value of the target
exhalation duration and/or the number of exhalations and/or the
purpose for which the embodiment is implemented. That said, the
amount by which the preferred exhalation duration is reduced when
needed is typically between about 0.1 and 1 second, more typically
between 0.2 and 0.5 seconds.
Rewarding the User and Increasing the Preferred Exhalation
Duration
[0111] In some embodiments, it is desirable to reward a user for an
achievement with a signal as a biofeedback.
[0112] In some embodiments, certain events lead to an increase of
the value of the preferred exhalation duration.
[0113] In some embodiments, the method further comprises during at
least part of given use-event of the device by a user, subsequent
to determining an actual exhalation duration of the user, if the
actual exhalation duration is substantially equal to the preferred
exhalation duration, at least one of: increasing the preferred
exhalation duration and/or providing a signal thereof as a
biofeedback. It is important to note that in some such embodiments
the preferred exhalation duration remains unchanged.
[0114] In some embodiments, the method further comprises during at
least part of given use-event of the device by a user, subsequent
to determining an actual exhalation duration of the user, if the
actual exhalation duration is greater the preferred exhalation
duration, at least one of: increasing the preferred exhalation
duration and/or providing a signal thereof as a biofeedback. It is
important to note that in some such embodiments, the preferred
exhalation duration remains unchanged.
[0115] In some embodiments, the method further comprises during at
least part of given use-event of the device by a user, subsequent
to determining an actual exhalation duration of the user, if the
actual exhalation duration is less than the preferred exhalation
duration by less than the update threshold difference value, at
least one of: increasing the preferred exhalation duration and/or
providing a signal thereof as a biofeedback. It is important to
note that in some such embodiments, the preferred exhalation
duration remains unchanged.
[0116] The amount by which the preferred exhalation duration is
increased when needed is embodiment-dependent. In some embodiments,
the amount if fixed. In some embodiments, the amount is varied, for
example, as a function on the absolute value of the current value
of the preferred exhalation duration and/or the value of the target
exhalation duration and/or the number of exhalations and/or the
purpose for which the embodiment is implemented. That said, the
amount by which the preferred exhalation duration is increased when
needed is typically between about 0.1 and 1 second, more typically
between 0.2 and 0.5 seconds.
[0117] In some embodiments, there is no practical limit as to the
upper value to which the preferred exhalation duration can be
increased. In some embodiments, the upper value to which the
preferred exhalation duration can be increased is the target
exhalation duration. In some embodiments, some function of the last
(one or few) values of the preferred exhalation durations achieved
in a given use-event are used to determine a future target
exhalation duration.
[0118] A provided signal is any suitable as discussed herein, and
in some embodiments is a signal selected from the group consisting
of a visual signal, audible signal, a tactile signal, and
combinations thereof.
Inhalable Substance
[0119] In some embodiments, any of the methods further comprise
administering an inhalable substance, such as an aromatherapy oil,
to the subject, so that the subject inhales the inhalable substance
between exhalations. Preferably, the inhalable substance is
pleasant to the user or has a pharmacological effect, especially a
pharmacological effect that provides relief to a condition for
which the method is implemented.
[0120] In some embodiments, the inhalable substance is an active
pharmaceutical ingredient.
[0121] In some embodiments, the inhalable substance is an essential
oil, especially an essential oil useful for aromatherapy.
[0122] Aromatherapy is the practice of using essential oils,
particularly natural essential oils extracted from aromatic plants
and herbs, for the treatment of a condition or to enhance
well-being. The essential oil for use in implementing the teachings
herein is preferably selected according to the required use.
[0123] For example, oils or combinations thereof may be selected
from any of the following: basil oil for relief of migraine, mental
fatigue or nervous tension; bergamot oil as analgesic,
antidepressant, antiseptic, antibiotic, anti-spasmodic, stomachic,
calmative, digestive, febrifuge; black pepper oil for relief of
conditions related to nicotine addiction and stress; carrot seed
oil as an analgesic and anti-asthmatic, or for treatment of
hypertension; chamomile oil as an analgesic, or for treatment of
depression, headaches, digestive problems, eczema, irritable bowel
syndrome, anxiety or fear; cedarwood oil for treatment of eczema;
cinnamon oil for relief of conditions related to nicotine addiction
and stress; citrodora oil for relief of conditions related to
nicotine addiction and stress; citronella oil for relief of
conditions related to nicotine addiction and stress; clary sage oil
for relief of asthma, depression, digestive problems, exhaustion,
or respiratory problems; cypress oil for treatment of asthma,
relief of muscle or nerve tension; elemi oil for relief of
conditions related to alcohol addiction and stress; eucalyptus oil
for relief of asthma, bronchitis, headaches or muscle aches; fennel
oil for relief of digestive disorders or nervous tension;
frankincense oil for relief of asthma, bronchitis, nervous tension
or respiratory conditions; geranium oil for relief of eczema;
ginger oil for relief of bronchitis, exhaustion, or indigestion;
grapefruit oil for relief of conditions related to nicotine
addiction and stress, and for treatment of anxiety, depression or
digestive problems; hyssop oil for relief of asthma, bronchitis or
mental tension; jasmine oil for anxiety, headache, mental tension
or lack of confidence; lavender oil for relief or treatment of
acne, anxiety, bronchitis, eczema, headaches, insomnia, muscle
aches and pains, psoriasis, or tension; lemon oil for treatment of
headaches and migraine; lemongrass oil for relief of fatigue,
indigestion, muscle aches and pains, appetite loss, and stress;
lime oil for relief of conditions related to nicotine addiction;
mandarin oil for stress relief, marjoram oil for relief of
arthritis, bronchitis, digestive problems, insomnia, muscle aches
and pains; lemon balm oil for stress or menstrual symptoms;
marjoram oil for relief of conditions related to nicotine addiction
and stress; nutmeg oil for relief of conditions related to nicotine
addiction and stress; palmarosa oil for relief of conditions
related to nicotine addiction and stress; neroli oil for relief of
depression, digestive problems, headaches, insomnia, irritable
bowel syndrome, nervous tension, panic attacks or stress; orange
oil for relief of anxiety, depression, digestive problems,
insomnia, muscle aches and pains, nervous tension, respiratory
conditions or stress; patchouli oil for relief of anxiety,
depression or eczema; peppermint oil for relief of asthma,
bronchitis, headaches, indigestion, migraine, muscle and joint
pain; petitgrain oil for relief of anxiety, digestive problems,
exhaustion, insomnia, respiratory problems or stress; pine oil for
treatment of respiratory disorders; rose oil for relief of
depression, headache, insomnia or stress; rosemary oil for relief
of conditions related to nicotine addiction, to boost memory recall
and concentration, for mild depression and for fatigue; sandalwood
oil for relief of anxiety, bronchitis, fatigue, nervous tension,
eczema, nicotine addiction or stress; spearmint oil for relief of
conditions related to nicotine addiction and stress; thyme oil for
relief of, conditions related to nicotine, addiction and for relief
of depression, fatigue, or stress; vanilla oil for treatment of
sexual dysfunction, depression, insomnia, or stress; vetiver oil
for relief of conditions related to nicotine addiction and for
relief of exhaustion, insomnia, nervousness, or stress; ylang ylang
oil for relief of anxiety, high blood pressure, intestinal
problems, sexual dysfunction or stress; and wintergreen oil for
relief of headaches, hypertension, eczema, psoriasis or ulcers.
[0124] The methods described herein can be implemented using any
suitable device. That said, in some embodiments it is preferred to
implement the method using a device as described herein.
Device for Helping a User Control Breathing
[0125] According to an aspect of some embodiments of the invention
there is provided a biofeedback device for providing biofeedback
useful for helping a user control breathing, in some embodiments
helping inducing deep breathing, the device comprising:
[0126] a housing configured to be hand-held by the user;
[0127] an exhalation inlet for receiving exhaled breath of the
user;
[0128] physically associated with the housing, an exhalation
determiner functionally associated with the exhalation inlet,
configured to determine when exhaled breath is received by the
exhalation inlet; and
[0129] a reporter associated with the exhalation determiner, the
reporter configured to provide a signal related to an exhalation
duration of the exhaled breath received from the exhalation
determiner to the user.
[0130] In some embodiments, the reporter is further configured to
provide a signal related to an exhalation pattern.
[0131] In some embodiments, a device is a small, discrete, portable
device which can be carried by a user, for example in a bag or
pocket, to use as needed, for example in stress-related situations,
to prevent the onset or reduce the severity of conditions caused or
exacerbated by stress. In some embodiments, the device may be used
on a regular basis, such as according to a defined schedule, for
treatment or relief of stress-induced disorders. In some
embodiments, the device may be used on a regular basis, such as
according to a defined schedule, for treatment or relief of
disorders that are not related to stress. In some embodiments, the
device may be used as-needed on an ad hoc basis for treatment or
relief of a disorder, including stress-related disorders and
disorders that are not related to stress. In some embodiments, the
device may be used under non-stress conditions as a training device
to help a user practice deep breathing techniques e.g. for yoga
exercises, martial arts or voice training.
[0132] In some embodiments, the housing of a device is as small and
lightweight. The housing is preferably formed from any suitable
non-allergenic, non-corroding material of sufficient strength to
resist deformation or damage when carried, for example, in a
handbag or pocket, and to provide protection to the assemblies and
components contained therein.
[0133] Suitable materials for construction of the housing include
materials known in the field of portable telephony such as rigid
polymers, for example, polycarbonates, copolyesters, acrylics, ABS,
nylon, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, and
polyimide as well as light-weight metals such as magnesium.
Preferably, the housing is sufficiently small to enable the device
to be concealed within the hand of the user during use (e.g., in
some embodiments not more than about 200 g and even not more than
100 g; having dimensions typically similar or smaller than of a box
of cigarettes, e.g., in some embodiments having a greatest
dimension not greater than about 150 mm, and even not greater than
about 120 mm). In some embodiments, the housing has a height (i.e.,
when properly held for use, in the mouth-to-nose direction) in the
range of about 55 to 80 mm. In some embodiments, the housing has a
width (i.e., when properly held for use in the ear-to-ear
direction) in the range of from about 30 to about 120 mm. In some
embodiments, the width is in the range of from about 35 to about 50
mm. In some embodiments, the housing has a length of from about 10
to about 75 mm.
[0134] In some embodiments, the outside of the housing is provided
in a color considered to exert a calming effect, such as, for
example, pink, blue, white, purple, gray or green. In some
embodiments, the color of the housing is selected to be similar to
the skin color of the user so that the device is unobtrusive during
use.
[0135] A housing of any suitable shape may be used in implementing
the teachings herein.
[0136] In some embodiments, the signal comprises a comparison to a
preferred exhalation duration, making it easier for the user to
know when the exhalation duration is sufficiently long. In such
embodiments, a reporter typically includes a timer, clock or
similar component. In some embodiments, a reporter includes a
controller. A typical preferred exhalation duration is at least
about 3 seconds, typically between about 3 and about 7 seconds.
[0137] The reporter is configured to provide any suitable signal.
For example, a visual signal, an audible signal, a tactile signal
or combinations thereof.
[0138] For example, in some embodiments, the signal includes or is
a visual signal. Any suitable visual signal may be used.
Non-limiting examples of visual signals include an animation, a
symbol, such as a tick, a check, a heart, or a `smiley`, `thumbs
up` or `kiss` icon which is displayed only when the exhalation
duration is within the desired range. In some embodiments, a light
of a specific color is displayed when the exhalation duration is
within the desired range, or a change of color is displayed during
exhalation. In some embodiments, the visual signal comprises a
numerical display of the exhalation duration or of time elapsed
during exhalation. In some embodiments, a series of different
colored lights are sequentially activated to indicate the duration
of exhalation. In some embodiments, the visual signal may be
preselected by the user from a number of options.
[0139] In some such embodiments, a visual signal is an image (e.g.,
a photograph) that the user enjoys seeing (e.g., a photograph of a
beloved animal). For example the image is at least partially,
preferably completely, obscured when exhalation begins and is
entirely unobscured and apparent if the exhalation duration is
sufficiently long.
[0140] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a screen
for display of the visual signal. Preferably, the location of such
a screen is selected such that the visual signal is visible to the
viewer during use of the device without requiring the device to be
removed from proximity with the mouth. For example, in some
embodiments of devices having a tube-shaped housing, the screen is
located on a surface of the housing facing the user's face when the
tube is inserted into the mouth. In some embodiments, the device
housing comprises a raised section on which a display screen is
located.
[0141] For example, in some embodiments the signal includes or is
an audible signal. Any suitable audible signal may be used.
Non-limiting examples include a bell, a buzzer, a beep, a musical
fragment, or a voice recording (for example, stating the value of
the measured exhalation duration). In some embodiments, the audible
signal is sounded only when the exhalation duration is within the
desired range. In some embodiments, the same or different audible
signals are sounded intermittently, for example, each second that
the user exhales. In some embodiments, the audible signal may be
preselected by the user from a number of options. In some
embodiments, the audible signal is recorded and/or stored by a user
in a device.
[0142] In some embodiments, a visual and/or audible signal are
defined by the user, for example, an audible signal chosen,
acquired, generated, recorded and/or composed by the user, or a
visual signal chosen, acquired, generated, recorded and/or captured
by the user. In some such embodiments, a device used in
implementing the method is configured to allow uploading and
storage of such visual and/or audible signal, for example, includes
a USB or Bluetooth.RTM. port functionally associated with a device
memory (e.g., flash memory), allowing upload and storage of visual
and/or audible signals.
[0143] For example, in some embodiments the signal includes or is a
tactile signal such as a vibration, a change in temperature of a
component of the device, for example of at least part of the
casing, or a change in the shape of a component of the device, for
example a progressively protruding knob or figure, for example, a
figurine.
[0144] According to some embodiments, the signal may be
communicated to a component or device remote from the housing. For
example, a visual signal may be displayed on spectacles adapted for
wired or wireless communication with the device; on a remote
screen; on a mobile phone or the like. An audible or tactile signal
may be communicated to a mobile phone, a wireless earpiece, a
waistband, a bracelet, a ring or a hand-held ball.
[0145] In some embodiments, the device further comprises,
physically associated with the housing, an inhalable substance
outlet and a functionally-associated dispenser configured for
dispensing an inhalable substance to the user through the inhalable
substance outlet.
[0146] In some embodiments, the dispenser is a passive dispenser,
such as a reservoir containing an inhalable substance, such that
the inhalable substance is passively released from the reservoir
and wafts from the inhalable substance outlet. In some embodiments,
the dispenser is an active dispenser including components that
increase the amount of inhalable substance dispensed when
activated, for example, by the flow of air and/or by heating of a
component (e.g., a vaporizer) and/or by vibrating a component
(e.g., a piezoelectric nebulizer).
[0147] In some embodiments, the inhalable substance outlet and the
dispenser are contained within a reversibly detachable section of
the housing. In some embodiments, the inhalable substance outlet
and the dispenser are contained within a section of the housing
that is permanently affixed or integrally-formed with other parts
of the housing.
[0148] The housing of a device as described herein may be of any
suitable and useful shape, including straight, curved, C-shaped,
J-shaped, K-Shaped, L-shaped, U-shaped and V-shaped In some
embodiments, the housing is configured to change in shape.
[0149] In some embodiments, the housing is configured so that when
the exhalation inlet is positioned by the user for receiving the
exhaled breath, the inhalable substance outlet is located in
proximity of the nostrils of the nose of the user.
[0150] In some such embodiments, the device comprises a
substantially `U` shaped housing, having a rounded or squared
(flat) base portion, such that the end of a first arm of the `U`
comprises the exhalation inlet and the end of a second arm of the
`U` comprises the inhalable substance outlet, with the dispenser
contained within the body of the `U`. The proximal ends of the two
arms of the `U` are preferably spaced apart such that inhalable
substance outlet is proximal to the nose of the user when the
exhalation inlet is positioned in or adjacent to the mouth of the
user. In some such embodiments, the distance between the proximal
ends is adjustable by the user. In some such embodiments, the arm
comprising the inhalable substance outlet is preferably slightly
shorter than the arm comprising the exhalation inlet, in order to
accommodate the nose of the user.
[0151] In some embodiments, the device further comprises an
inhalable substance reservoir functionally associated with the
inhalable substance dispenser, the reservoir configured to store
the inhalable substance and to release the inhalable substance to
the dispenser.
[0152] The reservoir is constructed of any suitable material and
may have any suitable shape. Typical but non-limiting examples of
reservoirs suitable for storing and dispensing essential oils
include a sealed reservoir containing the oil, wherein the seal is
broken prior to use; a diffuser, such as a steam diffuser; a solid
material such as a pad or cloth or plastic article impregnated with
the oil; a slow release polymeric film comprising the oil (such as
described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,994,439); a composition comprising a
water-soluble gel which releases the essential oil with gradual
evaporation of water; a slow-release composition comprising an
ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
4,492,644; or any other suitable reservoir. In some embodiments,
the essential oil is contained in a solid material and exposure to
air (for example, exhaled air passing through the device or air
entering the device upon opening thereof) causes release of the
inhalable substance.
[0153] In some embodiments, the inhalable substance is an active
pharmaceutical ingredient.
[0154] In some embodiments, the inhalable substance is an essential
oil, especially an essential oil useful for aromatherapy. Typical
essential oils include allspice oil; ambrette oil; anise oil; basil
oil; bergamot oil; black pepper oil; borneol oil; cajeput oil;
calamintha oil; camphor white oil; carrot seed oil; cedarwood oil;
chamomile oil; cinnamon oil; citrodora oil; citronella oil; clary
sage oil; coriander oil; cypress oil; elemi oil; eucalyptus oil;
fennel oil; frankincense oil; galbenum oil; geranium oil; ginger
oil; grapefruit oil; helichrysum oil; hemlock oil; hyssop oil;
jasmine oil; lavender oil; lavendin oil; lemon oil; lemon balm oil;
lemongrass oil; lime oil; mandarin oil; marjoram oil; mastic oil;
mint oil; myrrh oil; niaouli oil; neroli oil; nutmeg oil; orange
oil; palmarosa oil; patchouli oil; peppermint oil; petitgrain oil;
pine oil; rose oil; rosemary oil; sage oil; sandalwood oil; silver
fir oil; spearmint oil; spruce oil; star anise oil; thyme oil;
turmeric oil; turpentine oil; vanilla oil; vetiver oil; wintergreen
oil; and ylang ylang oil; or combinations thereof.
[0155] In some embodiments, the inhalable substance is selected as
having an effect for the relief or treatment of a stress-related
condition, for example, in some embodiments a stress-related
condition is selected from the group consisting of abdominal pain,
acne, addiction, agitation, allergy, anxiety, appetite loss,
arthritis, asthma, attention deficit syndrome, blepharospasm, bowel
disorders, bronchitis; cardiovascular disorders, chronic fatigue
syndrome, chronic pain, dermatitis, cold extremities, digestive
disorders, dysmenorrhea, eczema, endocrine disorders, fatigue,
headaches, hyperhidrosis, hypertension, fear of flying, insomnia,
irritable bowel syndrome, labor pain, mental fatigue, mental
stress, migraine, muscle aches, neck pain, nervous tension, panic
attacks, phobia, poor concentration, post traumatic disorders,
psoriasis, psychosomatic conditions, rashes, respiratory disorders,
sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, sinus congestion, test
anxiety, and ulcers.
[0156] In some embodiments, an inhalable substance for treatment of
a stress-related condition is selected from the group consisting of
basil oil, bergamot oil, black pepper, cedarwood oil, chamomile
oil, cinnamon oil, citrodora oil, clary sage oil, cypress oil,
elemi oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, frankincense oil, geranium
oil, ginger oil, grapefruit oil, hyssop oil, jasmine oil, lavender
oil, lemon oil, lemon balm oil, lemongrass oil, lime oil, mandarin
oil, marjoram oil, neroli oil, nutmeg oil, orange oil; palmarosa
oil; patchouli oil, peppermint oil; petitgrain oil, rose oil;
rosemary oil, sandalwood oil, spearmint oil; thyme oil; vanilla
oil; vetiver oil; wintergreen oil; and ylang ylang oil; and
combinations thereof.
[0157] In some embodiments, the stress related condition is a
psychosomatic disorder. In some embodiments, the psychosomatic
disorder is selected from the group consisting of abdominal pain,
allergy, asthma, blepharospasm, dysmenorrhea, essential
hypertension, lower back pain, migraine and tension headaches,
hyperhidrosis, irritable bowel syndrome, myofascial pain, pain,
psychogenic emesis, raynaud's disease, tinnitus, writer's cramp,
and performance anxiety.
[0158] In some embodiments, an inhalable substance for treatment of
a psychosomatic disorder is selected from the group consisting of
basil oil; carrot seed oil; chamomile oil; cedarwood oil; clary
sage oil; cypress oil; eucalyptus oil; fennel oil; frankincense
oil; geranium oil; ginger oil; grapefruit oil; hyssop oil; jasmine
oil; lavender oil; lemon oil; lemongrass oil; lime oil; marjoram
oil; lemon balm oil; neroli oil; orange oil; patchouli oil;
peppermint oil; petitgrain oil; pine oil; rose oil; rosemary oil;
sandalwood oil; thyme oil; vetiver oil; ylang ylang oil;
wintergreen oil; and vanilla oil.
[0159] In some embodiments, the method or device is useful in
rehabilitation therapy. In some embodiments, the rehabilitation
therapy comprises rehabilitation of a subject suffering from a
condition selected from the group consisting of causalgia, cerebral
palsy, esophageal motility disorders, dysphagia, guillian bane
syndrome, hemiplegia, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular
reeducation, orthopedic recovery enhancement, paretic muscles,
Parkinson's disease, post-cva rehabilitation, reduction of
spasticity and hypertonicity, respiratory disorders, spinal cord
injuries, stress management, stroke, tendon transfer, tic, and
torticollis.
[0160] In some embodiments, a method or device useful in
rehabilitation therapy comprises an inhalable substance selected
from the group consisting of allspice oil, ambrette oil, aniseed
oil, basil oil (including French basil oil), bay oil (including
West Indian bay oil), bergamot oil, borneol oil, black pepper,
cajeput oil, calamintha oil, camphor-white oil, chamomile oil,
cedarwood oil, cinnamon oil, citrodora oil, clary sage oil,
coriander oil, cypress oil, elemi oil, eucalyptus oil (including
blue gum and peppermint), fennel oil, frankincense oil, galbanum
oil, geranium oil, ginger oil, grapefruit oil, helichrysum oil,
hemlock oil, hyssop oil, jasmine oil, lavender oil (including spike
and true lavender oil), lavendin oil, lemon oil, lemongrass oil,
lime oil, mandarin oil, marjoram oil, lemon balm oil, marjoram oil,
mastic oil, mint oil (including peppermint and spearmint oil),
nutmeg oil, palmarosa oil; neroli oil, niaouli oil, nutmeg oil,
orange oil; patchouli oil, peppermint oil; petitgrain oil, pine oil
(including longleaf and Scotch pine oil); rose oil; rosemary oil,
sage oil (including clary and Spanish sage oil), sandalwood oil,
silver fir oil; spearmint oil; spruce oil; star anise oil; thyme
oil; turmeric oil; turpentine oil; vetiver oil; ylang ylang oil;
wintergreen oil; and vanilla oil; or combinations thereof.
[0161] In some embodiments, a method or device useful in muscle
pain and rehabilitation comprises an inhalable substance selected
from the group consisting of allspice, ambrette, star anise,
aniseed, French basil, west Indian bay, bomeol, cajeput,
calamintha, camphor-white, chamomile, coriander, cypress,
eucalyptus (blue gum and peppermint), Silver fir, galbanum, ginger,
grapefruit, helichrysum, jasmine, lavandin, lavender (spike and
true), lemongrass, sweet marjoram, mastic, mint (peppermint and
spearmint), niaouli, nutmeg, blackpepper, pine (longleaf and
Scotch), rosemary, sage (clary and Spanish), hemlock spruce, thyme,
turmeric, turpentine, and vetiver.
[0162] In some embodiments, the method or device is useful in the
treatment of a condition which is at least partially unrelated to
stress, the condition selected from the group consisting of acne,
anger states, arthritis, attention deficit disorder, backache/neck
pain, balance disorders, behavioral control (including addictions,
such as alcohol addiction, drug addiction, nicotine addiction),
bronchitis, bruxism, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiovascular disorders,
carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain,
concentration disorders, diabetes, dermatitis, cold extremities,
digestive disorders, dysmenorrhea, eczema, endocrine disorders,
epilepsy, fatigue, headaches, hyperhidrosis, hypertension,
insomnia, impotence, incontinence, irritable bowel syndrome, labor
pain, learning disabilities, mental fatigue, migraine, muscle
aches, neck pain, poor concentration, postural dysfunction, rashes,
respiratory disorders, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, sinus
congestion, and ulcers.
[0163] In some embodiments, a method or device for treatment of a
condition at least partially unrelated to stress comprises an
inhalable substance selected from the group consisting of basil
oil; bergamot oil; black pepper oil; carrot seed oil; cedarwood
oil; chamomile oil; cinnamon oil; citrodora oil; citronella oil;
clary sage oil; cypress oil; elemi oil; eucalyptus oil; fennel oil;
frankincense oil; geranium oil; ginger oil; grapefruit oil; hyssop
oil; jasmine oil; lavender oil; lemon oil; lemon balm oil;
lemongrass oil; lime oil; marjoram oil; neroli oil; nutmeg oil;
orange oil; palmarosa oil; patchouli oil; peppermint oil;
petitgrain oil; pine oil; rose oil; rosemary oil; sandalwood oil;
spearmint oil; thyme oil; vetiver oil; ylang ylang oil; wintergreen
oil; and vanilla oil; and combinations thereof.
[0164] In some embodiments, the method or device of the invention
is useful in the treatment of addiction, such as substance
addiction (for example, at least one of alcohol addiction, drug
addiction, and smoking or nicotine addiction).
[0165] In some embodiments, a method or device for treatment of a
condition comprising smoking or nicotine addiction comprises an
inhalable substance selected from the group consisting of anise,
bergamot, black pepper, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon, citrodora,
citronella, clary sage, eucalyptus, fennel, frankincense, geranium,
grapefruit, lavender, lemon, lemongrass, lime, marjoram, nutmeg,
orange, palmarosa, peppermint, pine, rosemary, sandalwood,
spearmint, thyme, vetiver, and ylang ylang, or combinations
thereof.
[0166] In some embodiments, a method or device for treatment of a
condition comprising alcohol addiction comprises an inhalable
substance for the relief of difficulties associated with
withdrawing from alcohol addiction, wherein the inhalable substance
is selected from the group consisting of fennel oil; clary sage
oil; bergamot oil; elemi oil; frankincense oil; lavender oil;
neroli oil; thyme oil; and ylang ylang oil, or combinations
thereof.
[0167] In some embodiments, the method or device is useful in the
treatment of difficulties associated with dieting.
[0168] In some embodiments, a method or device useful in the
treatment of difficulties associated with dieting comprises an
inhalable substance for relief of difficulties associated with
dieting, wherein the inhalable substance comprises an essential oil
selected from the group consisting of orange oil; lemon oil;
grapefruit oil; rosemary oil; peppermint oil; ginger oil; and basil
oil, or combinations thereof.
[0169] In some embodiments, the method or device of the invention
is useful in performance and lifestyle applications, such as, for
example, sports applications (improvement of performance in a
sport), stress management, and voice-coaching.
[0170] In some embodiments, a method or device useful in
performance and lifestyle applications comprises an inhalable
substance selected from the group consisting of basil oil, bergamot
oil, black pepper, chamomile oil, cedarwood oil, cinnamon oil,
citrodora oil, clary sage oil, cypress oil, elemi oil, eucalyptus
oil, fennel oil, frankincense oil, geranium oil, ginger oil,
grapefruit oil, hyssop oil, jasmine oil, lavender oil, lemon oil,
lemongrass oil, lime oil, mandarin oil, marjoram oil; lemon balm
oil; marjoram oil, nutmeg oil; palmarosa oil; neroli oil, orange
oil; patchouli oil, peppermint oil; petitgrain oil, rose oil;
rosemary oil, sandalwood oil, spearmint oil; thyme oil; vetiver
oil; ylang ylang oil; wintergreen oil; and vanilla oil.
[0171] In some embodiments wherein the performance and lifestyle
application comprises voice-coaching, the inhalable substance is
selected from the group consisting of Tolu balsam, benzoin,
caraway, cubeb, lemon, eucalyptus, frankincense, jasmine, lavandin,
lavender, myrrh, sage, sandalwood, and thyme.
[0172] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a cover
couplable to the housing, configured to substantially prevent entry
of air into the exhalation inlet and/or to cover the inhalable
substance outlet and/or to conceal the nature of the device when
the cover is coupled to the housing and/or to maintain the various
inlets and outlets clean and/or to prevent evaporation of an
essential oil. In some embodiments, the cover is reversibly
couplable to the housing. In some embodiments the cover comprises a
cap configured to fit over the mouthpiece or over the inhalable
substance outlet. In some embodiments, the device is configured so
that removal of the cover activates the reporter and/or the
exhalation determiner. In some embodiments, the device further
comprises a tether (e.g., key-chain) attached to at least one of
the cover and the housing, allowing the device to be easily
connected (tied) to something, for example, a bag. In some
embodiments, the device comprises a cover connector for maintaining
association of the cover and the housing, preventing the cover from
being lost when the device is in use. The connector may comprise,
for example, a plastic or metal wire, or a thin chain.
[0173] In some embodiments, a device is devoid of a cover. In some
embodiments, a device is devoid of a cover and includes a tether.
In some embodiments, a device is devoid of both a cover and a
tether.
[0174] In some embodiments, the exhalation inlet is functionally
associated with an exhalation conduit including an exhalation
outlet, and the device is configured so that exhaled breath
received by the exhalation inlet passes through the exhalation
conduit and exits (to the surroundings) through the exhalation
outlet. In some embodiments, the exhalation conduit is contained
within the housing.
[0175] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a
flow-restrictor functionally associated with the exhalation conduit
configured for limiting the rate of flow of the exhaled breath
through the conduit. Specifically, in some embodiments a
flow-restrictor allows a certain exhalation flow rate to be exhaled
substantially unimpeded, but higher flow rates are impeded. Such a
flow-restrictor allows free flow of breath through the exhalation
conduit at a relatively low (thus desirable) rate, but generates
resistance to a too forceful flow of breath through the exhalation
conduit. The generated resistance acts as a reminder to the user to
slow down the rate of exhalation. A flow-restrictor is typically
defined by dimensions and/or shape of some or all of the exhalation
conduit, for example, width, length and shape (curved, angled) of
the exhalation conduit. In some embodiments, a flow-restrictor, is
defined by the cross-sectional area of some or all of the
exhalation conduit, for example being between 0.13 cm.sup.2
(equivalent to a circle with a 0.2 cm radius) and 3.8 cm.sup.2
(equivalent to a circle with a 1.1 cm radius). In some embodiments,
the exhalation determiner is configured to function as the
flow-restrictor.
[0176] In some embodiments, the device is devoid of a
flow-restrictor and exhalation, even at high flow rates and/or
pressure, does not encounter substantial resistance.
[0177] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a one-way
valve functionally associated with the exhalation conduit,
configured for allowing passage of exhaled breath from the
exhalation inlet through the exhalation conduit and out through the
exhalation outlet but for preventing inhalation of air from the
exhalation outlet, through the exhalation conduit and out through
exhalation inlet. If a user mistakenly tries to inhale through the
mouth and not through the nose, not in keeping with the desired
breathing pattern, the one-way valve prevents air from being
inhaled through the mouth. The user senses that inhalation through
the mouth is not possible and instead resumes inhaling through the
nose. It is important to note that the one-way valve acts as a
reminder to the user and is not dangerous. If, for any reason, the
user does not want to, or cannot, inhale through the nose, the user
can simply release the mouthpiece and inhale through the mouth.
Furthermore, in embodiments comprising an inhalable substance, the
valve prevents the user from swallowing the substance.
[0178] In some embodiments, the device is devoid of a one-way valve
and a user can inhale air through the exhalation inlet, drawing air
into the mouth.
[0179] In some embodiments, a device includes both a one-way valve
as described above and a flow-restrictor as described above. In
some such embodiments, an exhalation determiner is configured to
function as the one-way valve. In some embodiments, a device
includes separate components, some function as a one-way valve and
some as a flow-restrictor.
[0180] In some embodiments, a device includes a one-way valve as
described above but is devoid of a flow-restrictor as described
above.
[0181] In some embodiments, a device is devoid of a one-way valve
as described above but includes a flow-restrictor as described
above.
[0182] In some embodiments, a device is devoid of both a one-way
valve as described above and a flow-restrictor as described
above.
[0183] In some embodiments, the device includes an `on/off` button
or switch for activation/deactivation of the device. In some
embodiments, the button is pressed or the switch position moved to
the `on` position manually by the user in order to activate the
device. In some embodiments, the device is provided with a
protruding button, wherein the device is inactive when the switch
is depressed, and activated when the button is released. In some
such embodiments, the device is inactive when a couplable cover as
described above is coupled with the housing, for example depresses
a button, and the device is activated automatically upon removal of
the cover such that the button is released. In some embodiments
comprising a dispenser for an inhalable substance, activation of
the dispenser may be effected independently from activation of the
assembly for measurement of exhalation duration. Alternatively, the
dispenser may be activated manually or automatically following
completion of measurement of exhalation duration, e.g. after a
preset number of exhalations are made, or preset number of
exhalations within the desired range are made, or after a preset
time. According to some embodiments, a device as described herein
is battery-operated. In some embodiments, electrical power is
provided by other components (in addition to or instead of a
battery), for example, one or more capacitors to store electricity,
cells to convert light to electricity, fuel-cells and
motion-powered generators to generate electricity from motion,
e.g., shaking, rotation.
[0184] In some embodiments, upon activation of the device a signal
is given to a user to commence exhalation after a predetermined
time period. The signal to commence exhalation may be a visual
and/or an audible and/or tactile signal, and may be the same as or
different to the signal related to exhalation duration described
above. For example, both signals may be visual/audible/tactile
signals, or one of the signals may be one of visual/audible/tactile
and the other signal may be another of visual/audible/tactile. In
embodiments comprising a screen for display of a signal related to
exhalation duration, a visual signal to commence exhalation may be
displayed upon the same screen, or upon a second screen, and may
comprise a different or the same visual signal as that related to
exhalation duration.
[0185] In some embodiments, for use a user activates the device. In
embodiments wherein the device is activated by removal of the
cover, the cover is removed to activate the device. In embodiments
wherein the device is activated by a button or switch, the user
presses or moves the button or switch. In some embodiments
comprising a cover and an activation switch, the user first removes
the cover, then activates the device by use of the switch. In some
embodiments comprising a cover and an activation switch, the user
first activates the switch and then removes the cover. In some
embodiments, a device requires no particular user-action to be
activated.
[0186] The user then places the exhalation inlet in proximity of
the mouth (in some embodiments at least partially held in the
mouth, but in some embodiments not contacting any part of the
mouth) and exhales thereinto. In some embodiments a signal is
provided to commence exhalation. In some such embodiments, the user
first waits for the signal before commencing exhalation. In some
embodiments, the user may choose to commence exhalation prior to
receiving the signal. In some embodiments no signal is provided and
the user simply commences exhalation when desired.
[0187] For a period of time, the user continues breathing with the
exhalation inlet in proximity of the mouth, exhaling through the
mouth and into the exhalation inlet.
[0188] At any given exhalation, the user tries to exhale until the
reporter provides a signal indicating that the exhalation duration
is sufficient. If this is achieved, the user continues breathing
with substantially the same exhalation duration, for example until
a required degree of relaxation is achieved, assured that breathing
is correct and, in some embodiments, inhaling an inhalable
substance.
[0189] If at a given exhalation the reporter does not provide a
signal indicating that the exhalation duration is sufficient, the
user knows to exhale for a longer duration until a sufficient
exhalation duration is achieved and, in some embodiments, inhaling
an inhalable substance.
[0190] In some embodiments, the device measures a more complex
breathing pattern, such as, for example, a breathing pattern that
includes at least two breathing cycles (inhalation/exhalation) with
a variable exhalation duration or time between two exhalations. In
some embodiments the user is able to select or input a desired
complex breathing pattern and the device then provides relevant
feedback to actualize the desired complex breathing pattern. For
example, in some embodiments, a device provides a first feedback
when the user achieves a required exhalation duration and the
device provides a second feedback when the user completes the
desired complex breathing pattern (e.g., 5 cycles of 2 seconds
exhalation duration with time difference of less than 1 second
between subsequent exhalations as preferred during childbirth).
Some such embodiments are exceptionally useful, for example, for
use during labor: a suitably configured device can be used by a
woman in labor to assist in maintaining a proper breathing
pattern.
[0191] Exhalation duration can be measured using any suitable
method or device, for example, by determining the presence of flow
through an exhalation conduit.
[0192] In some embodiments, a device comprises at least one
pressure sensor (e.g., piezoelectric pressure sensor,
metal/ceramic/silicone diaphragm pressure sensor) configured to
measure exhalation duration. For example, in some such embodiments
the device is configured so that a user exhales directly at a
pressure sensor, and the pressure applied by the exhalation is an
indication of exhalation. In some embodiments, a device comprises
at least one temperature sensor (e.g., thermistor, for example an
MCP9700 or MCP 9701 series low-power linear active thermistor
integrated circuit available from Microchip Technology Inc,
Chandler, Ariz., USA) configured to measure exhalation duration.
For example, in some such embodiments the device is configured so
that a user exhales directly at a temperature sensor, and the
difference between the temperature of the exhaled breath and
ambient temperature is taken as an indication of exhalation. In
some such embodiments, the device includes at least one temperature
sensor to measure ambient temperature.
[0193] When desired, the user stops using the device. If
applicable, the device is deactivated, for example, by replacing
the cover or by pressing a button or changing the position of a
switch. If applicable and/or desired, the device is cleaned,
especially the exhalation inlet. In some embodiments, the device is
discarded.
Conditions Treatable by Controlled Breathing
[0194] In some embodiments, the method or device of the invention
is useful for the relief or treatment of a condition responsive to
controlled breathing.
[0195] In some embodiments, the condition is stress-related
condition, for example, in some embodiments a stress-related
condition selected from the group consisting of abdominal pain,
acne, addiction, agitation, allergy, anxiety, appetite loss,
arthritis, asthma, attention deficit syndrome, blepharospasm, bowel
disorders, bronchitis, cardiovascular disorders, chronic fatigue
syndrome, chronic pain, dermatitis, cold extremities, digestive
disorders, dysmenorrhea, eczema, endocrine disorders, fatigue,
headaches, hyperhidrosis, hypertension, fear of flying, insomnia,
irritable bowel syndrome, labor pain, mental fatigue, mental
stress, migraine, muscle aches, neck pain, nervous tension, panic
attacks, phobia, poor concentration, post traumatic disorders,
psoriasis, psychosomatic conditions, rashes, respiratory disorders,
sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, sinus congestion, test
anxiety, and ulcers.
[0196] In some embodiments, the stress related condition is a
psychosomatic disorder. In some embodiments, the psychosomatic
disorder is selected from the group consisting of abdominal pain,
allergy, asthma, blepharospasm, dysmenorrhea, essential
hypertension, lower back pain, migraine and tension headaches,
hyperhidrosis, irritable bowel syndrome, myofascial pain, pain,
psychogenic emesis, raynaud's disease, tinnitus, writer's cramp,
and performance anxiety.
[0197] In some embodiments, the method or device is useful in
rehabilitation therapy. In some embodiments, the rehabilitation
therapy comprises rehabilitation of a subject suffering from a
condition selected from the group consisting of causalgia, cerebral
palsy, esophageal motility disorders, dysphagia, guillian bane
syndrome, hemiplegia, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular
reeducation, orthopedic recovery enhancement, paretic muscles,
Parkinson's disease, post-cva rehabilitation, reduction of
spasticity and hypertonicity, respiratory disorders, spinal cord
injuries, stress management, stroke, tendon transfer, tic, and
torticollis.
[0198] In some embodiments, the method or device is useful in the
treatment of a condition which is at least partially unrelated to
stress, the condition selected from the group consisting of acne,
anger states, arthritis, attention deficit disorder, backache/neck
pain, balance disorders, behavioral control (including addictions,
such as alcohol addiction, drug addiction, nicotine addiction),
bronchitis, bruxism, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiovascular disorders,
carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain,
concentration disorders, diabetes, dermatitis, cold extremities,
digestive disorders, dysmenorrhea, eczema, endocrine disorders,
epilepsy, fatigue, headaches, hyperhidrosis, hypertension,
insomnia, impotence, incontinence, irritable bowel syndrome, labor
pain, learning disabilities, mental fatigue, migraine, muscle
aches, neck pain, poor concentration, postural dysfunction, rashes,
respiratory disorders, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, sinus
congestion, and ulcers.
[0199] In some embodiments, the method or device of the invention
is useful in the treatment of addiction, such as substance
addiction (for example, at least one of alcohol addiction, drug
addiction, and nicotine addiction).
[0200] In some embodiments, the method or device is useful in the
treatment of difficulties associated with dieting.
[0201] In some embodiments, the method or device of the invention
is useful in performance and lifestyle applications, such as, for
example, sports applications (improvement of performance in a
sport), stress management, and voice-coaching.
[0202] Referring now to FIG. 1, a first embodiment of a device of
the invention is schematically depicted, a device 10 comprising an
elongated housing 12 configured (in terms of size, weight and
shape) to be hand-held by a user, an exhalation inlet 14 for
receiving exhaled breath of the user comprising a shaped mouthpiece
16 at the proximal end of housing 12 into which the user exhales,
and an exhalation conduit 18 including an exhalation outlet 20 at
the distal end of housing 12, configured so that exhaled breath
received by exhalation inlet 14 passes through exhalation conduit
18 and exits to the surroundings through exhalation outlet 20.
[0203] Inside housing 12 are exhalation determiner 22 and
components of a reporter 24 of device 10, including controller 26
(e.g., an integrated circuit or populated circuit board as known in
the art), a display screen 28 (e.g., an LED or LCD screen), an
on/off switch 30 and a power source 32 (e.g., a battery such as a
Li-ion battery).
[0204] Exhalation determiner 22, is functionally associated with
exhalation inlet 14 and is configured to determine when exhaled
breath is received by exhalation inlet 14, and is configured to
send one of two indications to controller 26 of reporter 24
associated with exhalation determiner 22: that exhaled breath is
being received by exhalation inlet 14 or that exhaled breath is not
being received by exhalation inlet 14. Specifically, in device 10,
exhalation determiner 22 comprises a propeller. When exhaled breath
is being received by exhalation inlet 14, the propeller rotates and
an alternatingly on/off current is received by controller 26,
corresponding to "exhalation". When exhaled breath is not being
received by exhalation inlet 14, the propeller does not rotate and
controller 26 receives either a continuous "on" signal or a
continuous "off" signal, corresponding to "no exhalation".
[0205] Reporter 24 is associated with exhalation determiner 22 as
noted above, and is configured to provide a visual signal related
to an exhalation duration of exhaled breath received from
exhalation determiner 22 to a user. The signal provided is provided
as a comparison to a preferred "exhalation duration", for example
five seconds. Specifically, when reporter 24 is activated,
controller 26 generates instructions to display screen 28 showing a
first column of ten illuminated blocks. When reporter 24 receives
an "exhalation" signal from exhalation determiner 22, controller 26
generates instructions to display screen 28 to serially illuminate
blocks of a second column parallel to the first column, from the
bottom of the second column moving upwards, where a new block is
illuminated every 0.5 seconds. Display screen 28 is located on an
outer surface of housing 12 at a location which allows screen 28 to
be clearly visible to the user during exhalation, with mouthpiece
16 in the mouth of the user.
[0206] A user who wants to use device 10 (for example, a person
practicing meditation, or a person feeling the onset of a panic
attack) places mouthpiece 16 in the mouth, activates device 10 by
toggling switch 30 to the "on" position to activate exhalation
determiner 22 and reporter 24 (including both controller 26 and
display screen 28), and looks at display screen 28.
[0207] As long as switch 30 is at the "on" position, the first
column of ten illuminated blocks is displayed on screen 28. When
switch 30 is at the "off" position, screen 28 is turned off and the
blocks of the first column are not displayed.
[0208] When the user exhales into exhalation inlet 14, the exhaled
breath causes rotation of the propeller of exhalation determiner
22, producing an "exhalation" signal. Reporter 24 illuminates a new
block in the second column of blocks every 0.5 seconds that an
exhalation signal is continuously received from exhalation
determiner 22. When ten blocks in the second column of blocks are
illuminated on screen 28 (easily seen by the user looking at screen
28 with reference to the first column of ten illuminated blocks)
the user knows that the exhalation duration has been 5 seconds that
is sufficiently long and so inhales, preferably through the
nose.
[0209] Whenever the user stops exhaling into exhalation inlet 14,
the propeller of exhalation determiner 22, produces a "no
exhalation" signal. Reporter 24 turns off illumination of all
illuminated blocks in the second column. If exhalation is stopped
prior to illumination of all the ten blocks in the second column of
blocks, the user realizes that the exhalation duration in that
breathing cycle was insufficiently long, and knows to make an
effort to exhale for a longer duration in the following breathing
cycle.
[0210] For a period of time, the user repeatedly exhales into
exhalation inlet 14 while observing display screen 28 until a
desired effect is achieved, e.g., inducing deep breathing, calming,
overcoming panic.
[0211] In FIG. 2, a second embodiment of a device of the invention
is schematically depicted, a device 36 comprising a U-shaped
housing 38 including a lower arm 40, a base portion 42 and an upper
arm 44 configured (in terms of size, weight and shape) to be
hand-held by a user, an exhalation inlet 14 for receiving exhaled
breath of the user comprising a shaped mouthpiece 16 at the
proximal end of lower arm 40 of housing 38 into which the user
exhales, and an exhalation conduit 18 including an exhalation
outlet 20 opening out in the middle of a base portion 42 of housing
38, configured so that exhaled breath received by exhalation inlet
14 passes through exhalation conduit 18 and exits to the
surroundings through exhalation outlet 20.
[0212] As in device 10, physically associated with housing 38 are
exhalation determiner 22 and components of a reporter 24 of device
10, including controller 26, a display screen 28, an on/off switch
30 and a power source 32, that are all mutually associated and
function substantially as described above with reference to device
10.
[0213] Physically associated with upper arm 44 of device 36 is an
inhalable substance dispenser 46 configured to dispense an
inhalable substance such as an essential oil from an inhalable
substance reservoir 48 through an inhalable substance outlet 50. In
device 36, inhalable substance reservoir 48 is a plastic container
in which is found cloth impregnated with neroli oil useful for
relief of panic attacks.
[0214] Housing 38 is configured so that when exhalation inlet 14 is
positioned by the user for receiving exhaled breath from the mouth
of the user, inhalable substance outlet 50 is located in proximity
of the nostrils of the nose of the user.
[0215] Inhalable substance reservoir 48 is configured to be
reversibly functionally associated with inhalable substance
dispenser 46. Such reversible functional association allows a user
to use the same device but to select a suitable essential oil for a
desired use.
[0216] Specifically, from the state depicted in FIG. 2 where
inhalable substance reservoir 48 is functionally associated with
inhalable substance dispenser 46, when desired, a user grasps a
distal end of inhalable substance reservoir 48 and disconnects
reservoir 48 from device 36 by pulling outwards so that there is no
longer an inhalable substance reservoir 48 functionally associated
with inhalable substance dispenser 46
[0217] From a state (not depicted) where no inhalable substance
reservoir 48 is functionally associated with inhalable substance
dispenser 46, a user can functionally associate a suitable
inhalable substance reservoir 48. Specifically, a user functionally
associates an inhalable substance reservoir 48 with inhalable
substance dispenser 46 by pushing a suitable reservoir 48 into the
opening in the distal end of upper arm 44 of housing 38 so that the
reservoir is held in position, functionally associated with
inhalable substance dispenser 46 by friction. The act of pushing
the suitable reservoir into the distal opening opens a valve (e.g.,
a spring-loaded valve similar to a Schrader valve) at the terminal
end of reservoir 48 allowing release of an inhalable substance
contained therein.
[0218] FIGS. 3A and 3B depict an embodiment of a device 36 of FIG.
2, further comprising a reversibly couplable cover 54 configured to
reversibly couple to housing 38 of device 36. Cover 54 further
comprises a tether 56 in the form of a keychain attached to an
outer surface. When coupled to housing 38, FIG. 3A, cover 54
protects components of device 36 (e.g., display screen 28) from
damage, substantially prevents entry of air into exhalation inlet
14, prevents escape of inhalable substance from inhalable substance
outlet 50, assists in maintaining inlet 14, mouthpiece 16 and
outlet 50 clean and keeps on/off switch 30 in an "off" state. When
uncoupled from housing 38, FIG. 3B, device 36 is ready for use,
including switch 30 toggling to an "on" state.
[0219] Device 36 discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 includes
a U-shaped housing 38 having a lower arm 40 containing exhalation
conduit 18 and an upper arm 44 containing inhalable substance
dispenser 46 so that inhalable substance dispenser 46 is fixed to
the rest of device 36. In some related embodiments, an upper arm 44
(in some embodiments, together with base portion 42 connecting
upper arm 44 to lower arm 40) is reversibly detachable from lower
arm 40. Such embodiments allow a user to optionally use the device
with an inhalable substance dispenser or without an inhalable
substance dispenser, in analogy to device 10.
[0220] Device 36 discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 includes
an inhalable substance reservoir 48 that is configured to be
reversibly functionally associated with an inhalable substance
dispenser 46, allowing a user to change the nature of the inhalable
substance dispensed by device 36. In some embodiments, an inhalable
substance reservoir such as 48 is functionally associated, but not
reversibly, with an inhalable substance dispenser such as 46 of a
device. In some such embodiments, the device is provided with a
specific inhalable substance and a user desiring a different
inhalable substance must acquire a different device.
[0221] Device 36 discussed with reference to FIG. 3 includes a
reversibly couplable cover 54: coupling cover 54 with housing 38
deactivating device 36 and uncoupling cover 54 from housing 38
activating device 36. In some embodiments, a device includes a
cover that is not reversibly couplable. The cover is removed
one-time, activating the device and thereafter the device is
preferably discarded.
[0222] In FIGS. 4A and 4B is schematically depicted an additional
embodiment of an exhalation determiner, exhalation determiner 60.
Exhalation determiner 60 comprises a chamber 62 that constitutes a
portion of an exhalation conduit 18 that is functionally associated
with an exhalation inlet 14. Specifically, chamber 62 is in fluid
communication with exhalation inlet 14 through lower opening 64 and
is in fluid communication with exhalation outlet 20 through a side
opening 66.
[0223] Flanking the sides of lower opening 64 are contacts 68a and
68b that are part of an electrical circuit 70 that is
interrogatable by reporter 24.
[0224] Contained inside chamber 62 is a conductive ball 72, e.g., a
polyethylene or celluloid ball on which outer surface a conductive
layer of aluminum is deposited.
[0225] Exhalation determiner 60 is configured to determine when
exhaled breath is received by exhalation inlet 14, and is
configured to send one of two indications to reporter 24 associated
with exhalation determiner 60: that exhaled breath is being
received by exhalation inlet 14 or that exhaled breath is not being
received by exhalation inlet 14. Specifically, when exhaled breath
is being received by exhalation inlet 14, FIG. 4A, the exhaled
breath enters chamber 62 through lower opening 64, lifting ball 72,
and escaping chamber 62 through side opening 66. Electrical circuit
70 is broken, corresponding to an "exhalation" signal. When exhaled
breath is not being received by exhalation inlet 14, FIG. 4B, ball
72 settles on contacts 68, closing electrical circuit 70,
corresponding to a "no exhalation" signal.
[0226] In FIGS. 5A and 5B is schematically depicted an additional
embodiment of an exhalation determiner, exhalation determiner 76.
Exhalation determiner 76 constitutes a portion of an exhalation
conduit 18 and is thereby functionally associated with an
exhalation inlet 14. Specifically, exhalation determiner 76
comprises a silicone rubber diaphragm 78 located inside exhalation
conduit 18, configured to be biased in a "closed" position,
blocking upstream fluid flow from exhalation outlet 20 towards
exhalation inlet 14 through exhalation conduit 18. Located upstream
from diaphragm 78, are a LED (Class I) laser 80 and a light
detector 82. Laser 80 is configured, when activated, to produce a
beam of light 84 that is projected just above and parallel to
diaphragm 78 to be detected by detector 82. Detector 82 is
functionally associated with reporter 24 and is configured to
provide a signal to reporter 24 when a beam of light 84 is
detected.
[0227] Exhalation determiner 76 is configured to determine when
exhaled breath is received by exhalation inlet 14, and is
configured to send one of two indications to reporter 24 associated
with exhalation determiner 76: that exhaled breath is being
received by exhalation inlet 14 or that exhaled breath is not being
received by exhalation inlet 14. Specifically, when exhaled breath
is being received by exhalation inlet 14, FIG. 5A, the exhaled
breath passes downstream from exhalation inlet 14 towards
exhalation outlet 20 through exhalation conduit 18, lifting
diaphragm 78, blocking beam of light 84 from reaching detector 82,
corresponding to an "exhalation" signal. When exhaled breath is not
being received by exhalation inlet 14, FIG. 5B, diaphragm 78
closes, allowing beam of light 84 to reach detector 82,
corresponding to a "no exhalation" signal.
[0228] In FIGS. 6A and 6B is schematically depicted an additional
embodiment of an exhalation determiner, exhalation determiner 88.
Exhalation determiner 88 constitutes a portion of an exhalation
conduit 18 (having a square cross section) and is thereby
functionally associated with an exhalation inlet 14. Specifically,
exhalation determiner 88 comprises two rigid reeds 90a and 90b
rotatably mounted on respective axes 92a and 92b. Axes 92a and 92b
are spring-loaded to be biased in a "closed" position where
respective distal edges 94a and 94b are in mutual contact, blocking
upstream fluid flow from exhalation outlet 20 towards exhalation
inlet 14 through exhalation conduit 18. Downstream fluid flow of
breath from exhalation inlet 14 to exhalation outlet 20 through
exhalation conduit 18 applies a force that pivots reed 90b around
axis 92b in a clockwise direction to contact a stop 96b and pivots
reed 90a around axis 92a in a counterclockwise direction to contact
a stop 96a. Stop 96a includes a microswitch that is part of an
electrical circuit 70 that is interrogatable by reporter 24.
[0229] Exhalation determiner 88 is configured to determine when
exhaled breath is received by exhalation inlet 14, and is
configured to send one of two indications to reporter 24 associated
with exhalation determiner 88: that exhaled breath is being
received by exhalation inlet 14 or that exhaled breath is not being
received by exhalation inlet 14. Specifically, when exhaled breath
is being received by exhalation inlet 14, FIG. 6A, the exhaled
breath passes through exhalation conduit 18, pivoting reed 90a to
contact stop 96a, activating the microswitch that closes electrical
circuit 70, corresponding to an "exhalation" signal. When exhaled
breath is not being received by exhalation inlet 14, FIG. 6B, reed
90a rotates away from stop 96a, breaking electrical circuit 70,
corresponding to a "no exhalation" signal.
[0230] As discussed above, in some embodiments a device as
described herein comprises a flow-restrictor functionally
associated with the exhalation conduit, configured for limiting the
rate of flow of exhaled breath through the exhalation conduit. Such
a flow-restrictor, typically defined by the cross-sectional area of
some or all of the exhalation conduit, allows free flow of breath
through the exhalation conduit at a relatively low (thus desirable)
rate, but generates resistance to a too strong flow of breath
through the exhalation conduit.
[0231] Exhalation determiner 60 depicted in FIG. 4 constitutes a
flow-restrictor, specifically, the relatively small cross-sectional
size of lower opening 64 and side opening 66 preventing a too
strong flow of breath through exhalation conduit 18.
[0232] Exhalation determiner 76 depicted in FIG. 5 constitutes a
flow-restrictor, specifically, the relatively small cross-sectional
size of exhalation conduit 18 past diaphragm 78 preventing a too
strong flow of breath through exhalation conduit 18.
[0233] Exhalation determiner 88 depicted in FIG. 6 constitutes a
flow-restrictor, specifically, the relatively small cross-sectional
size of exhalation conduit 18 past distal edges 94a and 94b of
reeds 90a and 90b preventing a too strong flow of breath through
exhalation conduit 18.
[0234] In some embodiments, the degree of flow-restriction of a
flow-restrictor is adjustable. For example, in some embodiments
related to exhalation determiner 88 depicted in FIG. 6, one or both
of stops 96a and 96b are configured to be translated inwards and
outwards of exhalation conduit 18, for example, in the manner of
screws, thereby defining the distance between distal edges 94a and
94b of reeds 90a and 90b, and thereby the cross-sectional size of
exhalation conduit 18.
[0235] As discussed above, in some embodiments a device as
described herein comprises a one-way valve functionally associated
with the exhalation conduit, configured for allowing downstream
passage of exhaled breath from the exhalation inlet through the
exhalation conduit and out through the exhalation outlet but for
preventing upstream inhalation of air from the exhalation outlet,
through the exhalation conduit and out through exhalation inlet to
a user. Such a one-way valve assists a user in remembering to
inhale through the nose, in some embodiments considered to be a
"more correct" style of breathing.
[0236] Exhalation determiner 60 depicted in FIG. 4 constitutes such
a one-way valve, specifically, ball 72 sealing lower opening 64
during potential upstream flow.
[0237] Exhalation determiner 76 depicted in FIG. 5 constitutes such
a one-way valve, specifically, diaphragm 78 blocking exhalation
conduit 18 during potential upstream flow.
[0238] Exhalation determiner 88 depicted in FIG. 6 constitutes such
a one-way valve, specifically, reeds 90 blocking exhalation conduit
18 during potential upstream flow.
[0239] In FIGS. 7A to 7D an additional embodiment of a device as
described herein is depicted, device 100, in front view (FIG. 7A),
side view (FIG. 7B), back view (FIG. 7C) and schematic cross
section (FIG. 7D). Device 100 includes a flattened housing 12 that
is 50 mm wide (a), 15 mm thick (b) and 75 mm high (c) with a front
face 102 including an exhalation inlet 14', a back face 104 with an
exhalation outlet 20 and an exhalation conduit 18 therebetween.
Device 100 includes an inhalable substance dispenser 46, including
an inhalable substance reservoir 48 (a container) holding an
essential oil. Inhalable substance outlet 50 (the neck of reservoir
48) is reversibly sealable with cover 54.
[0240] An exhalation determiner 105 of device 100 comprises a
propeller 106 functionally associated with an electrical generator
108. A reporter 24 of device 100 comprises a processor 26 (an
integrated circuit) and five light-emitting diodes 110 arranged in
a vertical column and visible through front face 102 of housing 12.
Device 100 is devoid of an on/off switch and of a power source.
[0241] For use, a user holds device 100 with exhalation inlet 14 in
proximity of the mouth. The user exhales into exhalation inlet 14,
so that the exhaled breath passes through exhalation conduit 18 and
out through exhalation outlet 20. The exhaled breath passing
through exhalation conduit 18 causes propeller 106 to rotate,
causing generator 108 to, generate electricity. The generated
electricity powers processor 26. With detection of generated
electricity (and power up), processor 26 times the duration of
exhalation and successively lights light-emitting diodes 110 from
the lowest to the highest, one a second. The user knows that to
achieve the desired five-second exhalation duration, it is
necessary to exhale long enough so that all five light-emitting
diodes 110 are lit.
[0242] If desired, during use the user can remove cover 54 so that
inhalable substance outlet 50 is located in the proximity of the
nostrils. In such a way, the user can inhale the inhalable
substance that volatilizes and escapes inhalable substance
reservoir 48. When desired, the user can reseal inhalable substance
outlet 50 with cover 54.
[0243] In FIGS. 8A to 8C an additional embodiment of a device as
described herein is depicted, device 112 in front view (FIGS. 8A
and 8B), and perspective view during use (FIG. 8C). Device 112
includes a flattened housing 12 50 mm wide (a), 10 mm thick and 80
mm high (c) with a proximal end 102 including an exhalation inlet
14, a distal end 116 with an exhalation outlet 20 and an exhalation
conduit 18 therebetween.
[0244] Housing 12 is articulated, including two rigid sections of
polycarbonate, proximal section 12a and distal section 12b,
mutually connected by articulated middle section 12c of silicone
rubber.
[0245] Contained inside distal section 12b is an exhalation
determiner similar to exhalation determiner 60 depicted in FIGS. 4A
and 4B, including a conductive ball 72 that is raised when exhaled
air passes through a exhalation conduit. The reporter of device 112
includes ball 72 that is visible through a window 118 in housing
12. Additionally, there is a lamp that is lit by a controller of
device 112 when a desired exhalation duration is attained.
[0246] Device 112 includes an inhalable substance dispenser 46,
including an inhalable substance reservoir (a fibrous pad
impregnated with an essential oil). Inhalable substance dispenser
46 is a component separate from housing 12 that is provided in a
sealed aluminized sachet and is configured to reversibly engage the
rim of exhalation outlet 20.
[0247] For use, a user holds device 112 with exhalation inlet 14 in
proximity of the mouth and bends housing 12 upwards around
articulated middle section 12c so that window 118 is visible and
exhalation outlet 20 is close to the nostrils. As the user exhales,
the exhalation duration is determined as described hereinabove with
reference to exhalation determiner 60. If desired, the user removes
an inhalable substance dispenser 46 from a sachet and places in
exhalation outlet 20 and can inhale released inhalable substance.
Exhaled air passes through the exhalation reservoir, helping
volatilize the inhalable substance in the inhalable substance
reservoir.
[0248] In FIGS. 9A to 9B an additional embodiment of a device as
described herein is depicted, device 120, in perspective view from
the front somewhat angled to the right side (FIG. 9A) and from the
left side somewhat angled to the back (FIG. 9B). Device 120
includes an elongated rounded housing 12, 36 mm wide (a), 73 mm
long (b) and 55 mm high (c) with a proximal end 102 including an
exhalation inlet 14, a distal end 116 with an exhalation outlet 20
and an exhalation conduit 18 therebetween. Housing 12 is rigid but
includes two pads 122 of silicone rubber.
[0249] Contained inside housing 12 is an exhalation determiner
similar to exhalation determiner 22 of device 10 depicted in FIG.
1, comprising a propeller (not depicted) that rotates when exhaled
breath passes through the exhalation conduit. In device 120, the
axis of rotation of the propeller is parallel to the width
(dimension a), in the manner of a waterwheel. The propeller is
visible through a window 118. The processor of device 120 is
configured to determine when the propeller rotates and when not,
and is thereby configured to determine an exhalation duration. When
exhalation duration is sufficiently long, the processor triggers
vibrating elements functionally associated with pads 122 so that a
user knows when a desired exhalation duration is attained.
[0250] Device 120 includes an inhalable substance dispenser 46,
including an inhalable substance reservoir 48 (a fibrous pad
impregnated with an essential oil). Inhalable substance dispenser
46 is a component separate from housing 12 that is provided in a
sealed aluminized sachet and is configured to reversibly engage a
cavity in the top portion of housing 12.
[0251] For use, a user holds device 120 with exhalation inlet 14 in
proximity of the mouth so that window 118 is visible and a
substance dispenser 46 is close to the nostrils. As the user
exhales, the exhalation duration is determined as described
hereinabove with reference to exhalation determiner 22. Through
window 118, the user sees that the propeller rotates and feels the
vibration of pads 122 when a desired exhalation duration is
attained.
[0252] In FIGS. 10A to 10D an additional embodiment of a device as
described herein is depicted, device 124, in a closed configuration
(FIG. 10A), in a partially-open configuration (FIG. 10B), in a
fully-open configuration (FIG. 10C) and schematically (FIG. 10D).
Device 124 comprises a housing 12 made of two rigid housing parts
12a and 12b mutually joined, in the manner of a codex, with a hinge
126, a portion of an inner cover 128 (a sheet of elastomer such as
silicone rubber).
[0253] When housing 12 is in a closed configuration (FIG. 10A),
housing parts 12a and 12b are close together, folding inner cover
128 in half so that inner cover 128 is contained between housing
parts 12a and 12b. A microswitch 30 functionally associated with a
controller 26 of device 124 is depressed, maintaining controller 26
and device 124 in an inactive "OFF" state, suitable for storage and
transport
[0254] When housing 12 is in an open configuration (FIGS. 10B and
10C), housing parts 12a and 12b are spaced apart and inner cover
128 is exposed. Microswitch 30 is not depressed, so that controller
26 and device 124 are in an active "ON" state in a state ready to
provide biofeedback to a user.
[0255] The exhalation inlet of device 124 is an area 130 of inner
cover 128 visibly marked with both a symbol and letters. Underneath
area 130 of inner cover 128 are located components of an exhalation
determiner 132 comprising two temperature sensors 134 (e.g.,
thermistors) and two pressure sensors 136 (e.g.; piezoelectric
elements) functionally associated with controller 26. A reference
temperature sensor 138 is positioned underneath inner cover 128
remote from area 130.
[0256] A reporter 24 of device 124 comprises two substantially
identical groups 24a and 24b, each of six light-emitting diodes 110
arranged in columns underneath inner cover 128, light-emitting
diodes functionally associated with controller 26.
[0257] Device 124 also includes an inhalable substance dispenser
46, a slot-shaped volume inside inner cover 128 configured to
removably hold a suitable inhalable substance reservoir 48, a
flexible flat component of cardboard or paper impregnated with an
inhalable substance such as an essential oil. Inhalable substance
dispenser 46 is in fluid communication with the surroundings
through inhalable substance outlets, openings in inner cover 128.
Device 124 is configured so that when area 130 of inner cover 128
is positioned close to the mouth of a human user, the inhalable
substance outlets are located in proximity of nostrils of the
user.
[0258] Before use (immediately before or a significant time before,
e.g. a few hours before), a user places a fresh inhalable substance
reservoir 48 in inhalable substance dispenser 46. As long as device
124 is in a closed configuration (FIG. 10A), device 124 is inactive
and inhalable substance does not substantially volatilize from
inhalable substance reservoir 48.
[0259] For use, a user moves housing parts 12a and 12b apart (FIG.
10B and FIG. 10C). As microswitch 30 is no longer depressed, device
124 is in an active state. Inhalable substance from inhalable
substance reservoir 48 volatilizes and is released into the
surroundings. The user holds device 124 so that area 130 of inner
cover 128 is positioned close to the mouth, bringing the inhalable
substance outlets in proximity of the nostrils and enjoying the
advantages of inhaling the substance.
[0260] The user exhales through the mouth. During an exhalation,
temperature sensors 134 report the warmth of detected exhaled
breath and pressure sensors 136 report the pressure of detected
exhaled breath to controller 26. Controller 26 identifies an
exhalation by identifying a transient temperature difference
between the ambient temperature reported by reference temperature
sensor 138 and temperature sensors 134 that temporally correlates
with an increased pressure reported by pressure sensors 136.
[0261] As long as the user exhales, controller 26 serially
activates light-emitting diodes of columns 24a and 24b, a new diode
each 0.8 seconds, as a visual biofeedback related to the exhalation
duration. When the person stops exhaling, the concomitant lower
temperature reported by temperature sensors 134 and the concomitant
decreased pressure reported by pressure sensors 136 is considered
to be non-exhalation, so controller 26 extinguishes all the
activated light-emitting diodes of columns 24a and 24b. The user is
able to take advantage of the biofeedback to control the duration,
and consequently rate, of breathing in accordance with the
teachings herein.
[0262] In some non-depicted embodiments related to device 124, a
device includes only temperature sensors 134 and no pressure
sensors 136. In some non-depicted embodiments related to device
124, a device includes only pressure sensors 136 and no temperature
sensors 134. In some non-depicted embodiments related to device
124, a device including temperature sensors 134 is devoid of a
reference temperature sensor 138.
[0263] It is important to note that in some embodiments, an
inhalable substance reservoir is replaceable. In some embodiments,
an inhalable substance reservoir is not replaceable: when such an
inhalable substance reservoir is spent, the device is either
discarded or used without the advantageous effects of an inhalable
substance. In some embodiments, an inhalable substance reservoir of
a device as described herein is for a single use: after one use,
the reservoir is spent. In some embodiments, an inhalable substance
reservoir of a device as described herein is for multiple uses: the
reservoir is spent after a number of uses. In some embodiments, a
reservoir is configured to be spent after between a week and a few
months of being used for the first time.
[0264] It is appreciated that certain features of the invention,
which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate
embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single
embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which
are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment,
may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination
or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the invention.
Certain features described in the context of various embodiments
are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments,
unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.
[0265] Although the invention has been described in conjunction
with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many
alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to
those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace
all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall
within the scope of the appended claims.
[0266] Citation or identification of any reference in this
application shall not be construed as an admission that such
reference is available as prior art to the invention.
* * * * *