U.S. patent application number 14/256140 was filed with the patent office on 2014-12-25 for naturally occurring autoantibodies against alpha-synuclein that inhibit the aggregation and cytotoxicity of alpha-synuclein.
This patent application is currently assigned to Dr. Rentschler Holding GmbH & Co. KG. The applicant listed for this patent is DR. RENTSCHLER HOLDING GMBH & CO. KG. Invention is credited to Michael BACHER, Monika BALZER-GELDSETZER, Daniela BESONG AGBO, Richard DODEL, Sascha HAGEMANN, Bernd REHBERGER, Renee WEBER.
Application Number | 20140377271 14/256140 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 42340377 |
Filed Date | 2014-12-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140377271 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
DODEL; Richard ; et
al. |
December 25, 2014 |
NATURALLY OCCURRING AUTOANTIBODIES AGAINST ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN THAT
INHIBIT THE AGGREGATION AND CYTOTOXICITY OF ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN
Abstract
The present invention refers to human antibodies which are
directed against .alpha.-Synuclein (.alpha.-Syn) and their use in
medicine and diagnosis.
Inventors: |
DODEL; Richard;
(Niederweimar an der Lahn, DE) ; BACHER; Michael;
(Marburg, DE) ; BESONG AGBO; Daniela; (Marburg,
DE) ; HAGEMANN; Sascha; (Marburg, DE) ;
BALZER-GELDSETZER; Monika; (Ismaning, DE) ;
REHBERGER; Bernd; (Laupheim, DE) ; WEBER; Renee;
(Laupheim, DE) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DR. RENTSCHLER HOLDING GMBH & CO. KG |
Laupheim |
|
DE |
|
|
Assignee: |
Dr. Rentschler Holding GmbH &
Co. KG
Laupheim
DE
|
Family ID: |
42340377 |
Appl. No.: |
14/256140 |
Filed: |
April 18, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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13582489 |
Nov 12, 2012 |
8741293 |
|
|
PCT/EP2011/053188 |
Mar 3, 2011 |
|
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14256140 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/139.1 ;
424/93.21; 435/320.1; 435/331; 435/69.6; 514/44R; 530/387.9;
536/23.53 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 37/00 20180101;
A61P 25/28 20180101; C07K 2317/21 20130101; C07K 16/18 20130101;
C07K 16/28 20130101; C07K 2317/76 20130101; A61P 25/16
20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/139.1 ;
530/387.9; 536/23.53; 435/320.1; 435/331; 435/69.6; 514/44.R;
424/93.21 |
International
Class: |
C07K 16/18 20060101
C07K016/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 3, 2010 |
EP |
10155373.3 |
Claims
1. A human antibody which is directed against an epitope between
amino acids 60-100, preferably between amino acids 73-82 and/or
91-100, more preferably between amino acids 74-79 and/or 92-97, of
human o Synuclein (.alpha.-Syn), or a fragment or derivative of
said antibody.
2. The antibody of claim 1 which is a naturally occurring human
autoantibody or a fragment or derivative thereof.
3. The antibody of claim 1 which binds monomeric .alpha.-Syn,
aggregated .alpha.-Syn, or both monomeric and aggregated
.alpha.-Syn.
4. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) having the consensus
sequence GFTX.sup.1SX.sup.2X.sup.3X.sup.4X.sup.5X.sup.6 (SEQ ID
NO.: 27), preferably having the sequence as shown in any one of SEQ
ID NOs.: 28-34.
5. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the sequence as
shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 35-43.
6. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the sequence as
shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 44-64.
7. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) having the consensus
sequence GGSISSGGYXWS (SEQ ID NO.: 65), preferably having the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 66 and 67.
8. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the consensus
sequence YIYXSGSTYYNPSLKS (SEQ ID NO.: 68), preferably having the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 69 and 70.
9. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the sequence as
shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 71-75.
10. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) having the sequence as
shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 76-80.
11. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the consensus
sequence X.sup.1
IX.sup.2PX.sup.3X.sup.4GX.sup.5X.sup.6X.sup.7YAQKFQG (SEQ ID NO.:
81), preferably having the sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID
NOs.: 82-85.
12. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the sequence as
shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 86-91.
13. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) having the sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NO.: 92.
14. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NO.: 93.
15. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the consensus
sequence MQALQX.sup.1X.sup.2X.sup.3T (SEQ ID NO.: 94), preferably
having the sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 95-98.
16. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) having the consensus
sequence RASQSVSSX X.sup.2LA (SEQ ID NO.: 99), preferably having
the sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 100-102.
17. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the consensus
sequence X.sup.1ASX.sup.2RAT (SEQ ID NO.: 103), preferably having
the sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 104-106.
18. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the sequence as
shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 107-114, 145, 146, and 147.
19. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) having the consensus
sequence RX.sup.1SQX.sup.2IX.sup.3X.sup.4X.sup.5LX.sup.6 (SEQ ID
NO.: 115), preferably having the sequence as shown in any one of
SEQ ID NOs.: 116-122.
20. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the sequence as
shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 123-127.
21. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the sequence as
shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 128-144.
22. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
comprising complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and
CDR3, wherein CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 28-34, CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 35-43, and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ
ID NOs.: 44-64.
23. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
comprising complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and
CDR3, wherein CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 66-67, CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 69-70, and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ
ID NOs.: 71-75.
24. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
comprising complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and
CDR3, wherein CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 76-80, CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 82-85, and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ
ID NOs.: 86-91.
25. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
comprising complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and
CDR3, wherein CDR1 has the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.: 92, CDR2
has the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.: 93, and CDR3 is selected from
the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 95-98.
26. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
comprising complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and
CDR3, wherein CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 100-102, CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 104-106, and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ
ID NOs.: 107-114, 145, 146, and 147.
27. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
comprising complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and
CDR3, wherein CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 116-122, CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 123-127, and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ
ID NOs.: 128-144.
28. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the complementarity
determining regions (CDRs) of the heavy chain are flanked by
framework regions consisting of a consensus sequence as shown in:
(i) SEQ ID NOs.: 3-6, or (ii) SEQ ID NOs.: 7-10, or (iii) SEQ ID
NOs.: 11-14; or variants thereof.
29. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the complementarity
determining regions (CDRs) of the light chain are flanked by
framework regions consisting of a consensus sequence as shown in:
(i) SEQ ID NOs.: 15-18, or (ii) SEQ ID NOs.: 19-22, or (iii) SEQ ID
NOs.: 23-26; or variants thereof.
30. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
comprising framework regions consisting of a consensus sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 3-6 or variants thereof, further comprising
complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein
CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 28-34,
CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 35-43,
and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.:
44-64.
31. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
comprising framework regions consisting of a consensus sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 7-10 or variants thereof, further comprising
complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein
CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 66-67,
CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 69-70,
and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.:
71-75.
32. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a heavy chain
comprising framework regions consisting of a consensus sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 11-14 or variants thereof, further comprising
complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein
CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 76-80,
CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 82-85,
and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.:
86-91.
33. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
comprising framework regions consisting of a consensus sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 15-18 or variants thereof, further comprising
complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein
CDR1 has the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.: 92, CDR2 has the
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.: 93, and CDR3 is selected from the
sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 95-98.
34. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
comprising framework regions consisting of a consensus sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 19-22 or variants thereof, further comprising
complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein
CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 100-102,
CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 104-106,
and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.:
107-114, 145, 146 and 147.
35. The antibody of claim 1, which comprises a light chain
comprising framework regions consisting of a consensus sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 23-26 or variants thereof, further comprising
complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein
CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 116-122,
CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 123-127,
and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.:
128-144.
36. The antibody of claim 1 for use in medicine, particularly in
human medicine.
37. The antibody of claim 1 for use in the treatment of a
neurodegenerative disorder, particularly Parkinson's disease or
Dementia with Lewy bodies.
38. The antibody of claim 1 for use in passive immune therapy.
39. The antibody of claim 1 for use as a diagnostic agent.
40. A nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody of claim 1
optionally in operative linkage to an expression control
sequence.
41. A recombinant cell which comprises the nucleic acid molecule of
claim 40.
42. A method of preparing an antibody of claim 1 comprising the
steps: culturing a recombinant cell which comprises a nucleic acid
molecule encoding the antibody of claim 1 optionally in operative
linkage to and expression control sequence under conditions which
allow expression of the antibody encoding nucleic acid molecule,
and collecting the antibody from the cell or the culture
supernatant.
43. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody of claim
1, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
44. The composition of claim 43 for use in passive immune
therapy.
45. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the nucleic acid
molecule of claim 40 with a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
46. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the recombinant cell of
claim 41 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
47. A method of treating a neurodegenerative disease in a patient
in need of such treatment, comprising administering an effective
amount of an antibody of claim 1 to said patient.
Description
[0001] This application is divisional of Ser. No. 13/582,489, filed
Nov. 12, 2012, which is a 35 U.S.C. 371 National Phase Entry
Application from PCT/EP2011/053188, filed Mar. 3, 2011, which
claims the benefit of European Patent Application No. 10155373.3
filed on Mar. 3, 2010, the disclosure of which is incorporated
herein in its entirety by reference.
[0002] The present invention refers to human antibodies which are
directed against .alpha.-Synuclein (.alpha.-Syn) and their use in
medicine and diagnosis.
[0003] Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common
neurodegenerative disorder globally as it affects about 1% of the
population over 65 years old worldwide. It is clinically
characterized by resting tremor, slowness of movement, muscular
rigidity and impairment of postural reflexes. The progressive loss
of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and formation of
fibrillar cytoplasmic inclusions termed Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy
neurites are the neuropathological hallmarks of PD.
[0004] .alpha.-Synuclein (.alpha.-Syn) has been identified as the
major component of such inclusions and it is found in the brains of
PD patients and patients with other degenerative disorders such as
the LB variant of Alzheimer's disease, dementia with LBs and both
glial and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of multiple system
atrophy. .alpha.-Syn has become a primary target of interest both
because point mutations in the .alpha.-Synuclein gene and dosage
effects caused by gene triplication have been linked to familial PD
and because over-expression of .alpha.-Syn in neuronal cell lines
and transgenic mice has been shown to lead to the formation of
similar inclusions.
[0005] .alpha.-Syn consists of 140 amino acids, primarily expressed
at presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system. It is
divided into three distinct regions. The N-terminal region contains
six imperfect repeats of the consensus sequence KGKEGV which may
facilitate protein-protein interactions. The central region is
known as the non-amyloid component ("NAC region") and may be
essential for the aggregation of the peptide. The acidic C-terminal
region is most likely responsible for the chaperone function of
.alpha.-Syn. Though the specific role of .alpha.-Syn is still
unknown, ample evidence suggests that over-expression disturbs
normal cell function, resulting in decreased neurite outgrowth and
cell adhesion. The mechanism that leads to the accumulation of
.alpha.-Syn and subsequent neurodegeneration is still subject to
ongoing research. Abnormal accumulation of .alpha.-Syn oligomers in
the synaptic terminals and axons is now believed to be a key event
in the pathogenesis of PD. Current research is focused on finding
new approaches aiming at the reduction of abnormal accumulation of
.alpha.-Syn.
[0006] In recent years, one effective approach in reducing neuronal
accumulation of .alpha.-Syn aggregates has been immunization. It
was hypothesized to have a potential role in the treatment of PD.
One group was able to show that active immunization against human
.alpha.-Syn resulted in a significant reduction of .alpha.-Syn
aggregates in neuronal cell bodies and synapses of immunoresponsive
transgenic mice as compared to untreated animals (Masliah et al.,
2005). More recently, a human single-chain antibody fragment
against oligomeric .alpha.-Syn was isolated from a phage display
antibody library. This antibody fragment was able to bind
oligomeric forms of .alpha.-Syn and inhibited both aggregation and
toxicity of .alpha.-Syn in vitro (Emadi et al., 2007).
[0007] We were able to identify and isolate naturally occurring
autoantibodies that bind to .alpha.-Syn (.alpha.-Syn-Abs) from
human sera and from commercial IgG preparations (IVIG). These
autoantibodies may be involved in the metabolism and clearance of
.alpha.-Syn oligomers. Thus, a treatment with
.alpha.-Syn-autoantibodies may be a beneficial therapeutic approach
for PD patients.
[0008] Thus, a first aspect of the invention is a human antibody
which is directed against an epitope between amino acids 60-100,
for example between amino acids 60-95, or between amino acids 73-82
and/or between amino acids 91-100, particularly between amino acids
74-79 and/or between amino acids 92-97, of human .alpha.-Synuclein
(.alpha.-Syn) or a fragment of such an antibody.
[0009] The antibody is suitable for use in medicine, particularly
human medicine, more particularly for the treatment of
neurodegenerative disorder such as Parkinson's disease.
Furthermore, the antibody is suitable for use as a diagnostic
agent, particularly as an agent for the diagnosis of a
neurodegenerative disorder, such as Parkinson's disease.
[0010] A further aspect of the invention is a nucleic acid molecule
encoding the antibody optionally in operative linkage to an
expression control sequence.
[0011] A further aspect of the present invention is a recombinant
cell which comprises the nucleic acid molecule. The cell may be
used for the preparation of the antibody.
[0012] Still a further aspect of the present invention is a
pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody, the nucleic
acid molecule or the recombinant cell together with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0013] Still a further aspect of the present invention is a method
for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder, comprising
administering an antibody as described above to a subject,
particularly a human subject in need thereof. This subject is
suffering from a neurodegenerative disorder, such as Parkinson's
disease or in risk of developing a neurodegenerative disorder, such
as Parkinson's disease.
[0014] The present invention refers to a human antibody directed
against .alpha.-Syn or a fragment thereof. The term "human
antibody" encompasses fully human or humanized antibodies. Human
antibodies may be prepared from genetically engineered animals,
e.g. animals comprising a xenogenic immune system or from antibody
display libraries according to known techniques. Humanized
antibodies may be prepared by humanization of monoclonal antibodies
according to known techniques.
[0015] Preferably, the human antibody of the invention is a
naturally occurring human auto-antibody. Such an antibody may be
isolated from sera of human donors or from commercial
immunoglobulin preparations such as IVIG by immunochromatography
with immobilized .alpha.-Syn. A human autoantibody preparation may
be heterogeneous or homogenous. A heterogeneous preparation of
autoantibodies may comprise a plurality of different autoantibody
species. Such a preparation is obtainable by isolation from the
sera of human donors, e.g. by immunochromatography as described
above. A homogeneous autoantibody preparation may be obtained by
recombinant manufacture of a single autoantibody species as herein
described in detail below.
[0016] The inventors found that IgG specific for .alpha.-Syn can be
isolated from peripheral human blood. Thus, actively
anti-.alpha.-Syn IgG secreting cells of the B-cell lineage must be
circulating within the blood and lymphatic system. Moreover,
B-cells presenting anti-.alpha.-Syn on their cell surface must also
be part of the blood B-cell system. Each of those anti-.alpha.-Syn
B-cells is producing only one single specific antibody, which is
translated from two separate mRNAs: one being the rearranged
transcript displaying the antibody heavy chain and the other
displaying the light chain. These mRNA molecules contain all the
information required for the generation of anti-.alpha.-Syn
antibodies. After preparing RNA from B-cells, the mRNA within the
sample can be used as substrate for cDNA preparation which then can
be used as template for "universal" IgG specific PCR reactions.
[0017] A "universal" but specific PCR can be achieved by choosing
up-stream primers within the leader region of the IgG which do not
discriminate for the antibody nucleotide sequence amplified, but
differ significantly from sequences found in other cDNA than IgG
related ones. The downstream primer may be situated at the
beginning of the constant domain of the heavy or the light chain.
Within these regions, conserved nucleotide sequences can be found,
which allow for an immunoglobulin subtype specific--but CDR
independent--amplification of the Ig cDNA nucleotide sequence.
[0018] To get access to an optimal IgG mRNA substrate, RNA may be
isolated from B-cells derived from blood donation buffy coats.
After preparation of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC),
B-cells specific for .alpha.-Syn may be enriched. Subsequently, the
mRNA may be reverse-transcribed into cDNA, e.g. by oligo-dT
priming. The cDNA may be used as substrate for PCR. These PCRs may
generate fragments of the variable domains of heavy and light
chains from various B-cells, thus yielding a mixture of information
on these molecules from different cells.
[0019] To be able to generate information on single HC/LC
molecules, the PCR products may then be inserted into plasmids and
transformed into bacterial cells. Colony-PCR products of the right
size may be sequenced and the nucleotide information may be
translated into the required amino acid information. Methods for
insertion of PCR products into suitable plasmids, transformation of
bacterial cells, isolation of plasmids therefrom, and performing
colony PCR as well as sequencing reactions are well known in the
art.
[0020] The antibodies of the invention may be of various
immunoglobulin (Ig) types, for example of the IgA-, IgD-, IgE-,
IgG- or IgM-type, preferably of the IgG- or IgM-type including, but
not limited to the IgG1-, IgG2-, IgG3-, IgG4-, IgM1- and IgM2-type.
In one preferred embodiment, the antibody is of the IgG1-type.
[0021] The term "antibody" particularly refers to molecules
comprising at least one immunoglobulin heavy chain and at least one
immunoglobulin light chain. Each heavy and light chain may comprise
a variable and a constant domain. The antigen-binding site may be
formed from the variable domains of a heavy and a light chain. A
variable region (also referred to as variable domain) comprises
complementarity determining regions (CDRs), e.g. a CDR1, a CDR2 and
a CDR3 region, and framework regions (FRs) flanking the CDRs. The
term "complementarity determining region" is readily understood by
the skilled person (see, for example, Harlow and Lane (eds.),
Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, CSHL Press, Cold Spring Harbor,
N.Y., 1988; incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and
refers to the stretches of amino acids within the variable domain
of an antibody that primarily make contact with the antigen and
determine antibody specificity. This region is also known as the
hypervariable region.
[0022] The invention also encompasses fragments of human
antibodies, e.g. portions of the above-mentioned antibodies which
comprise at least one antigen-binding site. Examples of antibody
fragments include Fab fragments, Fab' fragments, F(ab').sub.2
fragments, Fv fragments, diabodies or single chain antibody
molecules and other fragments as long as they exhibit the desired
capability of binding to .alpha.-Syn.
[0023] The term "bind" or "binding" of an antibody means an at
least temporary interaction or association with or to a target
antigen, e.g. .alpha.-Syn, comprising fragments thereof containing
an epitope.
[0024] Preferably, the antibody or the fragment of the invention
binds to an epitope on .alpha.-Syn, which is located between amino
acid residues 60 and 100 or between amino acid residues 60 and 95
of human .alpha.-Syn (SWISS Prot: P37840/SEQ ID NO:1). More
preferably, the antibody binds to an epitope between amino acids
73-82 and/or 91-100 of human .alpha.-Syn. Most preferably, the
epitope bound by the antibody or fragment according to the
invention is located between amino acids 74-79 and/or 92-97, of
human .alpha.-Syn.
[0025] The antibodies of the present invention may bind to
monomeric .alpha.-Syn, to aggregated .alpha.-Syn or preferably to
both of monomeric and aggregated, e.g. di-, tri- or tetrameric
.alpha.-Syn. The antibody may also react with oligomeric,
particularly tetrameric .beta.-Syn and/or .gamma.-Syn
aggregates.
[0026] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the
antibody may comprise specific heavy chain complementarity
determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and/or CDR3 as described below.
Accordingly, in one embodiment, the .alpha.-Syn antibody comprises
a heavy chain (HC) complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1)
having the consensus sequence
GFTX.sup.1SX.sup.2X.sup.3X.sup.4X.sup.5X.sup.6 (SEQ ID NO.: 27).
Within this consensus sequence, X.sup.1 may be F or V, X.sup.2 may
be D or S, X.sup.3 may be A, N, or Y, X.sup.4 may be A, G, W, or Y,
X.sup.5 may be I or M, and X.sup.6 may be H, N, or S. Preferably,
the HC CDR1 has the sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.:
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34.
[0027] In a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy
chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
40, 41, 42, and 43.
[0028] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy
chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,
49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, and
64.
[0029] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy
chain complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) having the
consensus sequence GGSISSGGYXWS (SEQ ID NO.: 65). Within this
consensus sequence, X may be S or Y. Preferably, the HC CDR1 has
the sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 66 and 67.
[0030] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy
chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the
consensus sequence YIYXSGSTYYNPSLKS (SEQ ID NO.: 68). Within this
consensus sequence, X may be H or Y. Preferably, the HC CDR2 has
the sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 69 or 70.
[0031] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy
chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 71, 72, 73, 74, and
75.
[0032] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy
chain complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) having the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 76, 77, 78, 79, and
80.
[0033] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy
chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the
consensus sequence
X.sup.1IX.sup.2PX.sup.3X.sup.4GX.sup.5X.sup.6X.sup.7YAQKFQG (SEQ ID
NO.: 81). Within this consensus sequence, X.sup.1 may be G, I, or
W, X.sup.2 may be I, N, or T, X.sup.3 may be I, N, or S, X.sup.4
may be F, G, H, or S, X.sup.5 may be A, G, S or T, X.sup.6 may be A
or T, and X.sup.7 may be N or S. Preferably, the HC CDR2 has the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 82, 83, 84, and
85.
[0034] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy
chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,
and 91.
[0035] The antibody according to the invention may also comprise
specific light chain (LC) complementarity determining regions CDR1,
CDR2, and/or CDR3.
[0036] Accordingly, in one embodiment, the antibody comprises a
light chain complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) having the
sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO.: 92.
[0037] In a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a light
chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the
sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO.: 93.
[0038] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a light
chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the
consensus sequence MQALQX.sup.1X.sup.2X.sup.3T (SEQ ID NO.: 94).
Within this consensus sequence, X.sup.1 may not be present or may
be T, X.sup.2 may be F or P, and X.sup.3 may be R, W, or Y.
Preferably, the LC CDR3 has the sequence as shown in any one of SEQ
ID NOs.: 95, 96, 97, and 98.
[0039] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a light
chain complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) having the
consensus sequence RASQSVSSX.sup.1X.sup.2LA (SEQ ID NO.: 99).
Within this consensus sequence, X.sup.1 may not be present or may
be S, and X.sup.2 may be N or Y. Preferably, the LC CDR1 has the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 100, 101, and 102.
[0040] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a light
chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the
consensus sequence VASX.sup.2RAT (SEQ ID NO.: 103). Within this
consensus sequence, X.sup.1 may be D or G, and X.sup.2 may be N, S,
or T. Preferably, the LC CDR2 has the sequence as shown in any one
of SEQ ID NOs.: 104, 105, 106.
[0041] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a light
chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 107, 108, 109, 110,
111, 112, 113, 114, 145, 146, and 147.
[0042] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a light
chain complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) having the
consensus sequence RX.sup.1SQX.sup.2IX.sup.3X.sup.4X.sup.5X.sup.6
(SEQ ID NO.: 115).
[0043] Within this consensus sequence, X.sup.1 may be A or M,
X.sup.2 may be G or S, may be R or S, X.sup.4 may be N or S,
X.sup.5 may be D, W, or Y, and X.sup.6 may be A or G. Preferably,
the LC CDR1 has the sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.:
116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, and 122.
[0044] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a light
chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) having the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 123, 124, 125, 126,
and 127.
[0045] In yet a further embodiment, the antibody comprises a light
chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) having the
sequence as shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs.: 128, 129, 130, 131,
132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143 and
144.
[0046] The antibody of the present invention may preferably
comprise a specific combination of CDRs (i.e. of CDR1, CDR2, and
CDR3) within one heavy chain.
[0047] Accordingly, in one preferred embodiment, the antibody
comprises a heavy chain comprising complementarity determining
regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein CDR1 is selected from the
sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34,
CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 35, 36,
37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43, and CDR3 is selected from the
sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,
53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, and 64.
[0048] In a further preferred embodiment, the HC CDR1 is selected
from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 66 and 67, HC CDR2 is
selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 69 and 70, and HC
CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 71, 72,
73, 74, and 75.
[0049] In a further preferred embodiment, the HC CDR1 is selected
from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 76, 77, 78, 79, and 80, HC
CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 82, 83,
84, and 85, and HC CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ
ID NOs.: 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, and 91.
[0050] Most preferably, the antibody of the invention comprises a
heavy chain comprising three CDRs, wherein the combination of CDR1,
CDR2, and CDR3 is selected from those shown in Table 1, Table 2 and
Table 3. It is understood that each line of each of these Tables
represents one specific combination of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a
CDR3.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Specific CDR combinations CDR1 CDR2 CDR3
GFTFSSYGMH VIWYDGSNKYYADSVKG DWGIVDTAMVPY (SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID
NO: 39) YYYYGMDV (SEQ ID NO: 50) GFTFSSYGMH VIWYDGSNKYYADSVKG
DRRGIAATAGYY (SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 39) YGMDV (SEQ ID NO: 49)
GFTFSSYGMH VIWYDGSNKYYADSVKG DRGFGYCSSTSC (SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID
NO: 39) HTEDAFDI (SEQ ID NO: 47) GFTFSSYGMH VISYDGSNKYYADSVKG
ERYYYMDV (SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 40) (SEQ ID NO: 53) GFTFSSYGMH
VISYDGSNKYYADSVKG QDIAAAAPYYFDY (SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 40)
(SEQ ID NO: 60) GFTFSSYGMH VISYDGSNKYYADSVKG AMVRGVTKPFDY (SEQ ID
NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 40) (SEQ ID NO: 44) GFTFSSYGMH
VISYDGSNKYYADSVKG GGDYYDSSGYYLPWY (SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 40)
(SEQ ID NO: 54) GFTFSSYGMH VISYDGSNKYYADSVKG DLVDYDSSGYYPDY (SEQ ID
NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 40) (SEQ ID NO: 46) GFTFSSYGMH
AISGSGGSTYYADSVKG AYYYYDSSGYGY (SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ
ID NO: 45) GFTFSSYAMH VISYDGSNKYYAD EAPSSGWYPYY (SEQ ID NO: 30)
SVKG YYMDV (SEQ ID NO: 40) (SEQ ID NO: 51) GFTFSSYAMH
VISYDGSNKYYADSVKG YCSSTSCSSEYFGH (SEQ ID NO: 30) (SEQ ID NO: 40)
(SEQ ID NO: 63) GFTFSSYAMH VISYDGSNKYYADSVKG GVVPAAESWFDP (SEQ ID
NO: 30) (SEQ ID NO: 40) (SEQ ID NO: 57) GFTFSSYAMH
VISYDGSNKYYADSVKG QDIAAAAPYYFDY (SEQ ID NO: 30) (SEQ ID NO: 40)
(SEQ ID NO: 60) GFTFSSYAMH VISYDGSNKYYADSVKG YYYDSSAVEGDAFDI (SEQ
ID NO: 30) (SEQ ID NO: 40) (SEQ ID NO: 64) GFTFSSYAMS AISGSGGSTYYA
DWGIVDTAMVPY (SEQ ID NO: 31) DSVKG YYYGMDV (SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID
NO: 50) GFTFSSYAMS AISGSGGSTYY DRRGIAATAG (SEQ ID NO: 31) ADSVKG
YYYGMDV (SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID NO: 49) GFTFSSYAMS AISGSGGSTY
DRHPGYCSSTS (SEQ ID NO: 31) YADSVKG CFVRYFDY (SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ
ID NO: 48) GFTFSSYAMS AISGSGGSTYYADSVKG GGDYYDSSGYYLPWY (SEQ ID NO:
31) (SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID NO: 54) GFTFSSYAMS AISGSGGSTYYADSVKG
KTYYYYDSSGYGY (SEQ ID NO: 31) (SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID NO: 59)
GFTFSSYAMS AISGSGGSTYYADSVKG QDIAAAAPYYFDY (SEQ ID NO: 31) (SEQ ID
NO: 35) (SEQ ID NO: 60) GFTFSSYAMS AISGSGGSTYYADSVKG SGASLRAFDI
(SEQ ID NO: 31) (SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID NO: 61) GFTFSSYAMS
AISGSGGSTYYADSVKG SGYYYPLDY (SEQ ID NO: 31) (SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID
NO: 62) GFTFSSYWMS NIKQDGSEKYYV EHRGGYYDILTG (SEQ ID NO: 33) DSVKG
YTKHGGSNDY (SEQ ID NO: 37) (SEQ ID NO: 52) GFTFSSYWMS
NIKQDGSEKYYVDSVKG DLVDYDSSGYYPDY (SEQ ID NO: 33) (SEQ ID NO: 37)
(SEQ ID NO: 46) GFTFSSYWMS NIKQDGSEKYYV GTDTESVAAPY (SEQ ID NO: 33)
DSVKG YYYMDV (SEQ ID NO: 37) (SEQ ID NO: 55) GFTFSSYWMS
NIKQDGSEKYYADSVKG ERYYYMDV (SEQ ID NO: 33) (SEQ ID NO: 36) (SEQ ID
NO 53) GFTFSDYYMS YISSSGGTIYYADSVKG GVAGRFDY (SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ
ID NO: 42) (SEQ ID NO: 56) GFTFSDYYMS YISSSSSYTNYADSVKG
YYYDSSAVEGDAFDI (SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 43) (SEQ ID NO: 64)
GFTFSDAWIN RIKSKTDGGTTDY KDGSGSYYHY (SEQ ID NO: 28) AAPVKG YYYVMDV
(SEQ ID NO: 38) (SEQ ID NO: 58) GFTVSSNYMS VIYSGGSTYYADSVKG
SGASLRAFDI (SEQ ID NO: 34) (SEQ ID NO: 41) (SEQ ID NO: 61)
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Specific CDR combinations CDR1 CDR2 CDR3
GGSISSGGYSWS YIYHSGSTYYNPSLKS GTEYCTNGACYMG (SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID
NO: 69) YYYYYMDV (SEQ ID NO: 74) GGSISSGGYSWS YIYHSGSTYYNPSLKS
GTEYCTNGVCYMG (SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 69) YYYYYMDV (SEQ ID NO:
75) GGSISSGGYSWS YIYHSGSTYYNPSLKS AGYYYYYMDV (SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ
ID NO: 69) (SEQ ID NO: 71) GGSISSGGYSWS YIYHSGSTYYNPSLKS
AHPVRGSGSYYNR (SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 69) NYYYYYMDV (SEQ ID NO:
72) GGSISSGGYYWS YIYYSGSTYYNPSLKS GSREGYGDRIDY (SEQ ID NO: 67) (SEQ
ID NO: 70) (SEQ ID NO: 73) GGSISSGGYYWS YIYYSGSTYYNPSLKS
GTEYCTNGVCYMG (SEQ ID NO: 67) (SEQ ID NO: 70) YYYYYMDV (SEQ ID NO:
75)
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Specific CDR combinations CDR1 CDR2 CDR3
GYTFTGYYMH WINPNSGGTNYAQKFQG DSGSSGWYVPYWYFDL (SEQ ID NO: 79) (SEQ
ID NO: 85) (SEQ ID NO: 88) GYTFTGYYMH WINPNSGGTNYAQKFQG PIGGGPSGWYE
(SEQ ID NO: 79) (SEQ ID NO: 85) TSCFDP (SEQ ID NO: 89) GYTFTGYYMH
WINPNSGGTNYAQKFQG AKDYDFWRGSTG (SEQ ID NO: 79) (SEQ ID NO: 85)
MRYLDV (SEQ ID NO: 86) GYTFTGYYMH WINPNSGGTNYAQKFQG DKRCSSTSCQPYY
(SEQ ID NO: 79) (SEQ ID NO: 85) YYYMDV (SEQ ID NO: 87) GYTFTGYYMH
WINPNSGGTNYAQKFQG TSYGDSSSSSYY (SEQ ID NO: 79) (SEQ ID NO: 85)
YYYGMDV (SEQ ID NO: 90) GYTFTSYYMH IINPSGGSTSYAQKFQG
DSGSSGWYVPYWYFDL (SEQ ID NO: 80) (SEQ ID NO: 83) (SEQ ID NO: 88)
GYIITNYYIH IITPSHGATNYAQKFQG AKDYDFWRGST (SEQ ID NO: 78) (SEQ ID
NO: 84) GMRYLDV (SEQ ID NO: 86) GYIIANYYIH IITPSHGATNYAQKFQG
AKDYDFWRGST (SEQ ID NO: 77) (SEQ ID NO: 84) GMRYLDV (SEQ ID NO: 86)
GGTFSSYAIS GIIPIFGTANYAQKFQG VDYSNYVVDY (SEQ ID NO: 76) (SEQ ID NO:
82) (SEQ ID NO: 91)
[0051] According to the present invention, it is further preferred
that the antibody comprises a specific combination of CDRs (i.e. of
CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3) within one light chain.
[0052] Thus, in one preferred embodiment, the antibody comprises a
light chain comprising complementarity determining regions CDR1,
CDR2, and CDR3, wherein LC CDR1 has the sequence shown in SEQ ID
NO.: 92, LC CDR2 has the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.: 93, and LC
CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 95, 96,
97, and 98.
[0053] In a further preferred embodiment, the LC CDR1 is selected
from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 100, 101, and 102, LC CDR2
is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 104, 105, and
106, and LC CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 145, 146, and
147.
[0054] In a further preferred embodiment, the LC CDR1 is selected
from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 116, 117, 118, 119, 120,
121, and 122, LC CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ
ID NOs.: 123, 124, 125, 126, and 127, and LC CDR3 is selected from
the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133,
134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, and 144.
[0055] Most preferably, the antibody of the invention comprises a
light chain comprising three CDRs, wherein the combination of CDR1,
CDR2, and CDR3 is selected from those shown in Table 4, Table 5 and
Table 6. It is understood that each line of each of these Tables
represents one specific combination of a CDR1, a CDR2, and a
CDR3.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Specific CDR combinations CDR1 CDR2 CDR3
RSSQSLLHSNGYNYLD LGSNRAS MQALQTPYT (SEQ ID NO: 92) (SEQ ID NO: 93)
(SEQ ID NO: 97) RSSQSLLHSNGYNYLD LGSNRAS MQALQTPWT (SEQ ID NO: 92)
(SEQ ID NO: 93) (SEQ ID NO: 96) RSSQSLLHSNGYNYLD LGSNRAS MQALQTPRT
(SEQ ID NO: 92) (SEQ ID NO: 93) (SEQ ID NO: 95) RSSQSLLHSNGYNYLD
LGSNRAS MQATQFRT (SEQ ID NO: 92) (SEQ ID NO: 93) (SEQ ID NO:
98)
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Specific CDR combinations CDR1 CDR2 CDR3
RASQSVSSSYLA GASSRAT QQYGSSWT (SEQ ID NO: 101) (SEQ ID NO: 105)
(SEQ ID NO: 109) RASQSVSSYLA DASNRAT QQRSNWPPYT (SEQ ID NO: 102)
(SEQ ID NO: 104) (SEQ ID NO: 108) RASQSVSSYLA DASNRAT QQRSNWPPT
(SEQ ID NO: 102) (SEQ ID NO: 104) (SEQ ID NO: 107) RASQSVSSNLA
GASTRAT QQYNNWYT (SEQ ID NO: 100) (SEQ ID NO 106) (SEQ ID NO: 114)
RASQSVSSNLA GASTRAT QQYNNWWT (SEQ ID NO: 100) (SEQ ID NO: 106) (SEQ
ID NO: 113) RASQSVSSNLA GASTRAT QQYNNWPRT (SEQ ID NO: 100) (SEQ ID
NO: 106) (SEQ ID NO: 112) RASQSVSSNLA GASTRAT QQYNNWPLT (SEQ ID NO:
100) (SEQ ID NO: 106) (SEQ ID NO: 110) RASQSVSSNLA GASTRAT
QQYNNWPPMYT (SEQ ID NO: 100) (SEQ ID NO: 106) (SEQ ID NO: 111)
RASQSVSSNLA GASTRAT QQYGSSPRT (SEQ ID NO: 100) (SEQ ID NO: 106)
(SEQ ID NO: 147) RASQSVSSNLA GASTRAT QQRSNWPPYT (SEQ ID NO: 100)
(SEQ ID NO: 106) (SEQ ID NO: 108)
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Specific CDR combinations CDR1 CDR2 CDR3
RASQGISNYLA AASSLQS QQYNSYPVT (SEQ ID NO: 117) (SEQ ID NO: 123)
(SEQ ID NO: 137) RASQGISNYLA AASSLQS QQYNSYPYT (SEQ ID NO: 117)
(SEQ ID NO: 123) (SEQ ID NO: 139) RASQGISNYLA AASSLQS QQYNSYPWT
(SEQ ID NO: 117) (SEQ ID NO: 123) (SEQ ID NO: 138) RASQGISNYLA
AASSLQS LQHNSYPFT (SEQ ID NO: 117) (SEQ ID NO: 123) (SEQ ID NO:
131) RASQGISNYLA AASSLQS LQHNSYPVT (SEQ ID NO: 117) (SEQ ID NO:
123) (SEQ ID NO: 132) RASQGISSYLA AASTLQS QQLNSYPLFT (SEQ ID NO:
119) (SEQ ID NO: 124) (SEQ ID NO: 135) RASQGISSWLA AASSLQS
LQDYNYPYT (SEQ ID NO: 118) (SEQ ID NO: 123) (SEQ ID NO: 130)
RASQGISSWLA AASSLQS QQANSFPIT (SEQ ID NO: 118) (SEQ. ID NO: 123)
(SEQ ID NO: 133) RASQGISSWLA AASSLQS QQYNSYPVT (SEQ ID NO: 118)
(SEQ ID NO: 123) (SEQ ID NO: 137) RMSQGISSWLA AASSLQS QQANSFPLT
(SEQ ID NO: 121) (SEQ ID NO: 124) (SEQ ID NO: 134) RMSQGISSYLA
AASSLQS QQANSFPLT (SEQ ID NO: 122) (SEQ ID NO: 124) (SEQ ID NO:
134) RASQSISSWLA KASSLES QQYNSYSRKYT (SEQ ID NO: 120) (SEQ ID NO:
127) (SEQ ID NO: 140) RASQGIRNDLG AASSLQS LGDYNYPYT (SEQ ID NO:
116) (SEQ ID NO: 123) (SEQ ID NO: 128) RASQGIRNDLG AASSLQS
LQHNSYPFT (SEQ ID NO: 116) (SEQ ID NO: 123) (SEQ ID NO: 131)
RASQGIRNDLG AASTLVS LQDNNYPRT (SEQ ID NO: 116) (SEQ ID NO: 125)
(SEQ ID NO: 129) RASQGIRNDLG DASNLET QQYDNLPPFT (SEQ ID NO: 116)
(SEQ ID NO: 126) (SEQ ID NO: 136)
[0056] As described above, the complementarity determining regions
(CDRs) of an antibody may be flanked by framework regions (FRs). A
heavy or light chain of an antibody containing three CDRs contains
e.g. four FRs.
[0057] In one embodiment, CDRs 1, 2, and 3 of the heavy chain of an
inventive antibody are flanked by four FRs consisting of a
consensus sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 3, 4, 5, and 6. An
antibody chain containing these FRs is sometimes referred to herein
as HC.sub.v Type 1. According to the invention, the HC CDRs may
also be flanked by four FRs consisting of a consensus sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 7, 8, 9, and 10 (sometimes referred to as
HC.sub.v Type 2), or, in another embodiment, by four FRs consisting
of a consensus sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 11, 12, 13, and 14
(sometimes referred to as HC.sub.v Type 3).
[0058] Similarly, the CDRs of the light chain may be flanked by
FRs. In one embodiment, LC CDRs 1, 2 and 3 are flanked by four FRs
consisting of a consensus sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 15, 16,
17, and 18, or, in another embodiment, by four FRs consisting of a
consensus sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 19, 20, 21, and 22. In
yet another embodiment, LC CDRs are flanked by four FRs consisting
of a consensus sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 23, 24, 25, and
26.
[0059] Variants of these framework regions are also within the
scope of the present invention. In particular, FRs may contain
amino acid substitutions at specific positions. For example, in
HC.sub.v Type 1 FR1 (SEQ ID NO.: 3), the amino acid (aa) at
position 1 may also be E or G instead of the Q shown in the
consensus sequence. Further possible substitutions include those at
positions 5 (L instead of V, abbreviated V>L), 10 (G>D), 11
(V>L), 13 (Q>K), 16 (R>G), 19 (R>G), and 23 (A>V) of
SEQ ID NO.: 3.
[0060] In HC.sub.v Type 1 FR2 (SEQ ID NO.: 4), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 1 (W>R), 2 (V>I),
and 14 (A>G/S; i.e. A can be replaced by G or S) of SEQ ID NO.:
4.
[0061] In HC.sub.v Type 1 FR3 (SEQ ID NO.: 5), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 8 (N>D), 9 (A>T), 12
(S>A), and 22 (T>S) of SEQ ID NO.: 5.
[0062] In HC.sub.v Type 1 FR4 (SEQ ID NO.: 6), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 1 (W>V), 3 (Q>K), 4
(G>E), 6 (T>L/M), 8 (T>N), 25 (S>C), 27(K>R), 31
(G>E), and 32 (G>S) of SEQ ID NO.: 6.
[0063] Some amino acid substitutions may be linked, e.g.
substitutions at positions 11, 13, and 16 of SEQ ID NO: 3,
substitutions at positions 8 and 22 of SEQ ID NO: 5, substitutions
at positions 9 and 12 of SEQ ID NO: 5, substitutions at positions
25 and 27 of SEQ ID NO: 6, or substitutions at positions 31 and 32
of SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0064] In HC.sub.v Type 2 FR1 (SEQ ID NO.: 7), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 2 (L>V), 9 (S>P),
and 23 (A>T) of SEQ ID NO.: 7. The substitutions at positions 2
and 9 may be linked.
[0065] In HC.sub.v Type 2 FR2 (SEQ ID NO.: 8), e.g. the amino acid
at position 6 may be substituted (P>H).
[0066] In HC.sub.v Type 2 FR3 (SEQ ID NO.: 9), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 8 (R>T) and 16 (K>R)
of SEQ ID NO.: 9.
[0067] In HC.sub.v Type 2 FR4 (SEQ ID NO.: 10), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 3 (K>Q), 6 (T>L), 25
(S>C) and 27 (K>R) of SEQ ID NO.: 10. The substitutions at
positions 3, 6 and 25 may be linked.
[0068] In HC.sub.v Type 3 FR1 (SEQ ID NO.: 11), e.g. the amino acid
at position 16 may be substituted (A>S).
[0069] In HC.sub.v Type 3 FR3 (SEQ ID NO.: 13), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 1 (W>R), 4 (M>I), 6
(R>A), 8 (T>E), 10 (I>T), 13 (A>V), 16 (E>H), 19
(R>S), 23 (D>E) and 32 (R>T) of SEQ ID NO.: 13. The
substitutions at positions 6, 8, 10, 19, and 23, or substitutions
at positions 6, 10, 13, 16, 19, and 23 may be linked.
[0070] In HC.sub.v Type 3 FR4 (SEQ ID NO.: 14), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 3 (R>P/K/Q), 6
(L>T), 25 (C>S), 27 (R>K), 29 (T>A), 31 (E>G), 32
(S>G), 48 (V>G), 49 (T>R), and 50 (V>G) of SEQ ID NO.:
14. The substitutions at positions 31 and 32, or substitutions at
positions 48 and 49 may be linked.
[0071] In LC.sub.v Type 1 FR1 (SEQ ID NO.: 15), e.g. the amino acid
at position 7 may be substituted (S>T).
[0072] In LC.sub.v Type 1 FR3 (SEQ ID NO.: 17), e.g. the amino acid
at position 20 may be substituted (S>G).
[0073] In LC.sub.v Type 1 FR4 (SEQ ID NO.: 18), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 6 (K>R), 7 (L>V), 9
(I>S) and 14 (A>T) of SEQ ID NO.: 18.
[0074] In LC.sub.v Type 2 FR1 (SEQ ID NO.: 19), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 1 (E>K), 4 (L>M), 9
(G>A), 13 (L>V) and 22 (S>P) of SEQ ID NO.: 19. The
substitutions at positions 4 and 13 may be linked.
[0075] In LC.sub.v Type 2 FR3 (SEQ ID NO.: 21), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 4 (D>A), 14 (D>E),
18 (T>I), 21 (R>S), 23 (E>Q), 24 (P>S), and 25 (E>K)
of SEQ ID NO.: 21. The substitutions at positions 23 and 24 may be
linked.
[0076] In LC.sub.v Type 2 FR4 (SEQ ID NO.: 22), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 3 (Q>G), 6 (K>R),
and 7 (V>L) of SEQ ID NO.:22. The substitutions at positions 6
and 7 may be linked.
[0077] In LC.sub.v Type 3 FR1 (SEQ ID NO.: 23), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 1 (D>A/V), 3 (Q>W),
5 (T>A), 10 (S>T/L), 11 (L>V), and 22 (T>S) of SEQ ID
NO.: 23.
[0078] In LC.sub.v Type 3 FR2 (SEQ ID NO.: 24), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 2 (F>Y), 5 (K>R), 7
(G>R), and 12 (S>L/R) of SEQ ID NO.: 24.
[0079] In LC.sub.v Type 3 FR3 (SEQ ID NO.: 25), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 5 (K>R), 14 (D>E),
17 (L>F), 20 (S>T), 21 (S>T), 25 (E>D), 27 (F>I/S),
and 29 (T>N) of SEQ ID NO.: 25. The substitutions at positions
20 and 21 may be linked.
[0080] In LC.sub.v Type 3 FR4 (SEQ ID NO.: 26), possible aa
substitutions include those at positions 3 (Q>P), 7 (L>V),
and 8 (E>D) of SEQ ID NO.: 26.
[0081] Preferably, the framework regions of either the heavy or the
light chain show a maximum exchange of two amino acids, one amino
acid, or are identical to the consensus sequence.
[0082] It is particularly preferred that the antibody of the
invention comprises a heavy chain comprising a specific combination
of framework regions and complementarity determining regions.
[0083] Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, said antibody
heavy chain comprises FRs consisting of a consensus sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 3, 4, 5, and 6 (i.e. 3-6) or variants
thereof, and further comprises complementarity determining regions
CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein CDR1 is selected from the sequences
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 32, 33, and 34 (28-34),
CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 35, 36,
37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43 (35-43), and CDR3 is selected from
the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, and 64 (44-64).
[0084] In another embodiment, said antibody heavy chain comprises
FRs consisting of a consensus sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 7,
8, 9, and 10 (7-10) or variants thereof, and further comprises
complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein
CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 66 and
67, CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 69
and 70, and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 71, 72, 73, 74, and 75 (71-75).
[0085] In yet another embodiment, said antibody heavy chain
comprises FRs consisting of a consensus sequence as shown in SEQ ID
NOs.: 11, 12, 13, and 14 (11-14) or variants thereof, and further
comprises complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3,
wherein CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.:
76, 77, 78, 79, and 80 (76-80), CDR2 is selected from the sequences
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 82, 83, 84, and 85 (82-85), and CDR3 is
selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 86, 87, 88, 89,
90, and 91 (86-91).
[0086] In a most preferred embodiment, the antibody heavy chain
comprises FRs consisting of a consensus sequence comprising SEQ ID
NOs.: 3, 4, 5, and 6 or variants thereof as defined supra, and
further comprises a specific combination of CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 as
shown in Table 1, where each line of the Table represents one
specific CDR1, 2, 3 combination.
[0087] In a further most preferred embodiment, the antibody heavy
chain comprises FRs consisting of a consensus sequence comprising
SEQ ID NOs.: 7, 8, 9, and 10 or variants thereof as defined supra,
and further comprises a specific combination of CDR1, CDR2, and
CDR3 as shown in Table 2.
[0088] In yet a further most preferred embodiment, the antibody
heavy chain comprises FRs consisting of a consensus sequence
comprising SEQ ID NOs.: 11, 12, 13, and 14 or variants thereof as
defined supra, and further comprises a specific combination of
CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 as shown in Table 3.
[0089] Likewise, it is particularly preferred that the antibody of
the invention comprises a light chain comprising a specific
combination of FRs and CDRs. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the
invention, said antibody light chain comprises FRs consisting of a
consensus sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs.: 15, 16, 17, and 18
(15-18) or variants thereof, and further comprises complementarity
determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein CDR1 has the
sequence shown in SEQ ID NO.: 92, CDR2 has the sequence shown in
SEQ ID NO.: 93, and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in
SEQ ID NOs.: 95, 96, 97, and 98 (95-98).
[0090] In another embodiment, said antibody light chain comprises
FRs consisting of a consensus sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs.: 19,
20, 21, and 22, or variants thereof, and further comprises
complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein
CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 100, 101,
and 102, CDR2 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.:
104, 105, and 106, and CDR3 is selected from the sequences shown in
SEQ ID NOs.: 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 145, 146, and
147.
[0091] In another embodiment, said antibody light chain comprises
FRs consisting of a consensus sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs.: 23,
24, 25, and 26 or variants thereof, and further comprises
complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein
CDR1 is selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 116, 117,
118, 119, 120, 121, and 122, CDR2 is selected from the sequences
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 123, 124, 125, 126, and 127, and CDR3 is
selected from the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 128, 129, 130,
131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143,
and 144.
[0092] In a most preferred embodiment, the antibody light chain
comprises FRs consisting of a consensus sequence comprising SEQ ID
NOs.: 15, 16, 17, and 18 or variants thereof as defined supra, and
further comprises a specific combination of CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 as
shown in Table 4, where each line of the Table represents one
specific CDR1, 2, 3 combination.
[0093] In a further most preferred embodiment, the antibody light
chain comprises FRs consisting of a consensus sequence comprising
SEQ ID NOs.: 19, 20, 21, and 22 or variants thereof as defined
supra, and further comprises a specific combination of CDR1, CDR2,
and CDR3 as shown in Table 5.
[0094] In yet a further most preferred embodiment, the antibody
light chain comprises FRs consisting of a consensus sequence as
shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 23, 24, 25, and 26 or variants thereof as
defined supra, and further comprises a specific combination of
CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 as shown in Table 6.
[0095] In a further preferred embodiment, the antibody of the
present invention is characterized by a light chain sequence (SEQ
ID NO:2) or a variant thereof:
TABLE-US-00007 1 EIVLTQSPAT LSLSPGERAT LSCRASQSVS SSYLAWYQQK
PGQAPRLLIY 51 GASSRATGIP DRFSGSGSGT DFTLTISSLQ SEDFATYYCR
LTEEKGWMYL 101 GYTFGQGTKL EIKRTVAAPS VFIFPPSDEQ LKSGTASVVC
LLNNFYPREA 151 KVQWKVDNAL QSGNSQESVT EQDSKDSTYS LSSTLTLSKA
DYEKHKVYAC 201 EVTHQGLSSP VTKSFNRGEC
[0096] The light chain sequence above comprises a constant domain
(aa111-220) and a variable domain (aa1-110). The variable domain
comprises Framework (FR) and CDR sequences. The CDR sequences are
located from aa23-35 (LCDR1), aa51-57 (LCDR2) and aa90-102
(LCDR3).
[0097] The term "variant" as used hereinabove, particularly
includes amino acid sequences which differ from the indicated
sequence by partial or complete deletion of the constant domain
and/or by partial or complete exchange of FR sequences. Further,
the term "variant" also includes amino acid sequences which differ
from the indicated CDR sequences by substitution, deletion or
addition of one or two amino acids, preferably by substitution,
deletion or addition of one amino acid.
[0098] The antibody of the present invention may be coupled to a
heterologous group, e.g. an effector group. Such an antibody
conjugate is especially suitable for therapeutic applications. The
term "effector group" may refer to a cytotoxic group, such as a
radioisotope or radionuclide, a toxin, a therapeutic group or
another effector group known in the art. Alternatively, the
antibody of the invention may be coupled to a labelling group. Such
an antibody conjugate is particularly suitable for diagnostic
applications. As used herein, the term "labelling group" refers to
a detectable marker, e.g. a radiolabelled amino acid or biotinyl
moiety, a fluorescent marker, an enzyme or any other type of marker
which is known in the art.
[0099] The antibody of the present invention is suitable for use in
medicine, particularly for use in human medicine. The antibody may
be used in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder, which
deposits .alpha.-Syn, for example Parkinson's disease or Dementia
with Lewy bodies (DLB). More preferably, the disorder is
Parkinson's disease. The treatment may comprise a passive immune
therapy thereby reducing and/or inhibiting detrimental effects of
.alpha.-Syn aggregate formation in the nervous system, particularly
in the central nervous system of the subject to be treated. These
detrimental effects may include cytotoxicity, particularly
neurotoxicity.
[0100] Furthermore, the antibody of the invention may be used as a
diagnostic agent, for example for the diagnosis of
neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD or DLB. More preferably,
the antibody of the invention may be used as a diagnostic agent for
PD.
[0101] The invention also refers to a nucleic acid molecule
encoding the antibody as described above. The term "nucleic acid
molecule" encompasses DNA, e.g. single- or double-stranded DNA, or
RNA. The DNA may be of genomic, cDNA or synthetic origin, or a
combination thereof. The nucleic acid molecule of the invention may
be in operative linkage to an expression control sequence, i.e. to
a sequence which is necessary to effect the expression of coding
nucleic acid sequences. Such expression control sequences may
include promoters, enhancers, ribosomal binding sites and/or
transcription termination sequences. Specific examples of suitable
expression control sequences are known in the art.
[0102] The nucleic acid molecule of the invention may be located on
a vector which may additionally contain a replication origin and/or
a selection marker gene. Examples of vectors are e.g. plasmids,
cosmids, phages, viruses etc.
[0103] Further, the invention refers to a recombinant cell, which
comprises the nucleic acid molecule as described above. The nucleic
acid molecule may be introduced into the recombinant cell by
transformation, transfection or transduction according to any
method known in the art. The recombinant cell may e.g. be a
prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. Preferably, the cell is a mammalian
cell, e.g. a hamster, rabbit, or human cell. Preferably, the cell
is a human cell.
[0104] The antibody of the invention may be prepared by a method,
wherein the cell as described above is cultured under conditions
which allow expression of the antibody encoding nucleic acid
molecule. The antibody may be collected from the cultured cell or
the culture supernatant. Preferably, the antibody is prepared from
a mammalian, particularly from a human cell.
[0105] Still a further aspect of the present invention relates to a
pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody, the nucleic
acid molecule or the recombinant cell as described above together
with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The term "carrier"
includes agents, e.g. diluents, stabilizers, adjuvants or other
types of excipients that are non-toxic to the cell or mammal to be
exposed thereto at the dosages and concentrations employed. Often,
the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is an aqueous pH buffered
solution, which is useful for drug delivery, particularly for the
delivery of antibody molecules. The pharmaceutical composition may
be formulated by mixing the active agent with carriers and
optionally other agents that are usually incorporated into the
formulation. For example, the composition may be formulated in the
form of lyophilized formulations, aqueous solutions, dispersions or
solid preparations.
[0106] The present invention also encompasses the administration of
the pharmaceutical composition to a subject in need thereof,
particularly a human patient suffering from a neurodegenerative
disorder, such as Parkinson's disease or DLB. Depending on the type
and the severity of the condition to be treated about 1 .mu.g/kg to
15 mg/kg of the active ingredient may be administered to a patient
in need thereof, e.g. by one or more separate administrations or by
continuous infusion. A typical daily dosage might range from about
1 .mu.g/kg to about 100 mg/kg, depending on the factors mentioned
above. For repeated administrations over several days or longer,
depending on the condition to be treated, the treatment is
sustained until a desired suppression of the disease or the
symptoms occurs. The composition may be administered by any
suitable route, for example, by parenteral, subcutaneous,
intranasal, intravascular, intravenous, intraarterial, or
intrathecal injection or infusion.
[0107] The active agent according to the present invention may be
administered together with other active agents, particularly active
agents useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders,
such as PD or DLB.
[0108] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a diagnostic
method comprising determining the amount and/or localization of
.alpha.-Syn in the patient tissue or a patient sample. In this
embodiment, the antibody of the present invention preferably
carries a labelling group as described above.
[0109] Finally, the present invention relates to kits for diagnosis
or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders comprising at least one
antibody and/or nucleic acid molecule and/or cell as described
above. In addition, the kit further comprises at least one other
active agent or further components.
[0110] The present invention shall be explained in more detail by
the following figures and examples.
FIG. LEGENDS
[0111] FIG. 1: Naturally occurring .alpha.-Syn-Abs were isolated
from the serum of a single donor (30.6 mg/ml starting material) and
from a commercially available IVIG preparation (Octagam; 10 mg/ml
starting material) using affinity chromatography. The fractions
that resulted from a representative experiment are depicted.
[0112] FIG. 2: The fractions that resulted from the chromatography
column were analyzed in an .alpha.-Syn ELISA. The main fractions
(MF) with high IgG content were compared to the peripheral
fractions (PF) that contained less IgG. As a negative control, the
flow through (FT) from the affinity purification was analyzed.
Samples were added to .alpha.-Syn-coated wells of an ELISA plate.
Bound antibodies were detected with a HRP-conjugated goat
anti-human IgG antibody followed by Tetramethylbenzimide
(TMB)/peroxidase colour reaction that was detected at 450 nm
(Pierce Biotechnologies). A. Fractions containing .alpha.-Syn-Abs
compared to fractions without .alpha.-Syn-Abs and to flow through
of the affinity chromatography. B. .alpha.-Syn-Abs isolated from
IVIG versus .alpha.-Syn-Abs isolated from the serum of a single
donor.
[0113] FIG. 3: SDS-Page and Western blot analysis of naturally
occurring .alpha.-Syn-Abs.
[0114] Different amounts of recombinant .alpha.-Syn (5 .mu.g, 2.5
.mu.g, 1 .mu.g, 0.5 .mu.g, 0.25 .mu.g, and 0.1 .mu.g), .beta.-Syn
(5 .mu.g, 2.5 .mu.g, 1 .mu.g, and 0.5 .mu.g) and .gamma.-Syn (5
.mu.g, 2.5 .mu.g, 1 .mu.g, and 0.5 .mu.g) were separated on a 4-12%
gradient mini gel (Invitrogen) and detected by: A. Naturally
occurring .alpha.-Syn-Abs isolated from IVIG, and B. Naturally
occurring .alpha.-Syn-Abs isolated from the serum of a single
donor.
[0115] FIG. 4: Immunoprecipitation of .alpha.-Syn by
.alpha.-Syn-Abs affinity-purified using IVIG. Naturally occurring
.alpha.-Syn-Abs isolated from IVIG, positive control with a
commercially available monoclonal .alpha.-Synuclein antibody (clone
Syn 211, Biosource) and a negative control (flow through from the
affinity purification) were immunoprecipitated with .alpha.-Syn and
subjected to Western blot analysis. Data shown are from a
representative experiment.
[0116] FIG. 5: Surface plasmon resonance analysis of
affinity-purified polyclonal .alpha.-Syn-Abs (analyte) to
.alpha.-Syn was done on BIACORE 2000 (Biacore AB) at 25.degree. C.
A. Interaction analysis of immobilized .alpha.-, .beta.- and
.gamma.-Syn with affinity-purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs (pAB). Plot of
sensograms of antibody binding to .alpha.- (red; top graph), to 6-
(blue; middle graph) and .gamma.-Syn (green; bottom graph). B.
Interaction analysis of immobilized .alpha.-, .beta.- and
.gamma.-Syn with a monoclonal antibody against human .alpha.-Syn
(mAB; Syn 211 Biosource). Plot of sensograms of antibody binding to
.alpha.- (red; top graph), to .beta.- (blue; middle graph) and
.gamma.-Syn (green; bottom graph).
[0117] FIG. 6: Immunohistochemical detection of .alpha.-Syn in a
brain sample of a patient with Parkinson's disease (PD). A.
Immunostain of a brain sample of a human PD case (left panel) using
the naturally occurring .alpha.-Syn-Ab. B. Immunostain (positive
control) of a brain sample of a human PD case (right panel)
incubated with a commercially available .alpha.-Syn monoclonal
antibody (mAb) (MBL clone 211). C. Immunostain of a brain sample of
a transgenic mouse model using the affinity-purified
.alpha.-Syn-Ab. D. Immunostain (positive control) of a brain sample
of a transgenic mouse model incubated with a commercially available
.alpha.-Syn-mAb (MBL clone 211). LB stands for Lewy body, LN for
Lewy neurites and LB Ii for Lewy body like inclusions.
[0118] FIG. 7: A. .alpha.-Syn sequence. Epitope Mapping of
.alpha.-Syn-nAbs using Dot Blot analysis (B.) and a Peptide Array
(C.). Results are summarized in D. with the relevant sequences
highlighted in bold characters and relevant amino acids as
determined by an alanine scan in boxes.
[0119] FIG. 8: .alpha.-Syn specific IgG1 heavy chain variable
domain amino acid sequences. All amino acid sequences displayed as
consensus sequence for the anti-.alpha.-Synuclein HC.sub.v
molecules including the associated CDR regions were found in the
shown arrangement in vivo. The consensus sequence reflects the ones
found most often from the alpha synuclein specific B-cells
analysed. Positions with amino acid variants indicating additional
specific antibody subtypes are highlighted. Possible amino acid
exchanges are shown below the Anti-.alpha.-Synuclein HC.sub.v
sequence. Here, anti-.alpha.-Synuclein HC.sub.v Type 1 sequences
are shown. 48 sequences derived from 80 clones were analyzed. These
48 clones attributed to HC.sub.v Type 1 correspond to 60% of all
analyzed IgG sequences. 4% of all Type 1 sequences are identical to
the consensus sequence, 27% show a maximum exchange of 2 amino
acids. Linked amino acid exchanges are shown within one box.
CDR1/CDR2/CDR3 of anti-.alpha.-Synuclein HC.sub.v Type 1 antibodies
in the combinations detected in blood derived B-cells are shown in
Table 1.
[0120] FIG. 9: .alpha.-Syn specific IgG1 heavy chain variable
domain amino acid. sequences. Further details are specified in the
legend to FIG. 8. Here, anti-.alpha.-Synuclein HC.sub.v Type 2
sequences are shown. 13 sequences derived from 80 clones were
analysed. These 13 clones attributed to HC.sub.v Type 2 correspond
to 15% of all analyzed IgG sequences. 67% of all Type 2 sequences
are identical to the consensus sequence; 17% show a maximum
exchange of 1 amino acid. Linked amino acid exchanges are shown
within one box. CDR1/CDR2/CDR3 of anti-.alpha.-Synuclein HC.sub.v
Type 2 antibodies in the combinations detected in blood derived
B-cells are shown in Table 2.
[0121] FIG. 10: .alpha.-Syn specific IgG1 heavy chain variable
domain amino acid sequences. Further details are specified in the
legend to FIG. 8. Here, anti-.alpha.-Synuclein HC.sub.v Type 3
sequences are shown. 19 sequences derived from 80 clones were
analysed. These 19 clones attributed to HC.sub.v Type 3 correspond
to 24% of all analyzed IgG sequences. 37% of all Type 3 sequences
are identical to the consensus sequence, 10% show a maximum
exchange of 2 amino acids. Linked amino acid exchanges are shown
within one box. CDR1/CDR2/CDR3 of anti-.alpha.-Synuclein HC.sub.v
Type 3 antibodies in the combinations detected in blood derived
B-cells are shown in Table 3.
[0122] FIG. 11: Naturally occurring .alpha.-Syn specific kappa
light chain variable domain amino acid sequences. All amino acid
sequences displayed as consensus sequence for the
anti-.alpha.-Synuclein LC.sub.v molecules including the associated
CDR regions were found in the shown arrangement in vivo. The
consensus sequence reflects the ones found most often from the
alpha synuclein specific B-cells analysed. Positions with amino
acid variants indicating additional specific antibody subtypes are
highlighted. Possible amino acid exchanges are shown below the
anti-.alpha.-Synuclein LC.sub.v sequence. Here,
anti-.alpha.-Synuclein LC.sub.v Type 1 sequences are shown. 64
sequences derived from 125 clones were analyzed. These 64 clones
attributed to LC, Type 1 correspond to 51% of all analyzed IgG
sequences. 48% of all Type 1 sequences are identical to the
consensus sequence, 50% show a maximum exchange of 1 amino acid.
Linked amino acid exchanges are shown within one box.
CDR1/CDR2/CDR3 of anti-.alpha.-Synuclein LC.sub.v Type 1 antibodies
in the combinations detected in blood derived B-cells are shown in
Table 4.
[0123] FIG. 12: Naturally occurring .alpha.-Syn specific kappa
light chain variable domain amino acid sequences. Further details
are specified in the legend to FIG. 11. Here,
anti-.alpha.-Synuclein LC.sub.v Type 2 sequences are shown. 24
sequences derived from 125 clones were analyzed. These 24 clones
attributed to LC.sub.v Type 2 correspond to 19% of all analyzed IgG
sequences. 38% of all Type 2 sequences are identical to the
consensus sequence. Linked amino acid exchanges are shown within
one box. CDR1/CDR2/CDR3 of anti-.alpha.-Synuclein LC.sub.v Type 2
antibodies in the combinations detected in blood derived B-cells
are shown in Table 5.
[0124] FIG. 13: Naturally occurring .alpha.-Syn specific kappa
light chain variable domain amino acid sequences. Further details
are specified in the legend to FIG. 11. Here,
anti-.alpha.-Synuclein LC.sub.v Type 3 sequences are shown. 33
sequences derived from 125 clones were analysed. These 33 clones
attributed to LC.sub.v Type 3 correspond to 26% of all analyzed IgG
sequences. 36% of all Type 3 sequences are identical to the
consensus sequence, 9% show a maximum exchange of 2 amino acids.
Linked amino acid exchanges are shown within one box.
CDR1/CDR2/CDR3 of anti-.alpha.-Synuclein LC.sub.v Type 3 antibodies
in the combinations detected in blood derived B-cells are shown in
Table 6.
[0125] FIG. 14: Effect of .alpha.-Syn-Abs on aggregation of
.alpha.-Syn. The kinetics of .alpha.-Syn fibril formation was
monitored by Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence. .alpha.-Syn
(rPeptide; 4 mg/ml) was shaken at 37.degree. C. and 600 rpm. A. At
the time points indicated, aliquots were taken and a ThT assay was
performed. B. .alpha.-Syn was incubated with or without the
.alpha.-Syn-Abs affinity-purified from IVIG or from the serum of a
single donor (1 .mu.M; Serum Abs). The samples were incubated four
days at 37.degree. C. and 600 rpm and aliquots were added to the
ThT solution. ThT fluorescence intensity was measured at an
excitation wavelength of 450 nm and an emission wavelength of 485
nm. Samples were run in triplicates and plotted as means+/-SD. A
comparison of the cells treated with .alpha.-Syn alone to cells
treated with either .alpha.-Syn Abs from IVIG or .alpha.-Syn Abs
from serum was performed using a t-test (* p<0.05).
[0126] FIG. 15: Effect of the affinity-purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs on
.alpha.-Syn-induced cytotoxicity. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with
10 .mu.M aliquots of .alpha.-Syn aggregated with and without 1
.mu.M affinity-purified IVIG .alpha.-Syn-Abs or a synthetic
antibody against a growth factor receptor protein as a non-specific
control. Samples were run in triplicates and plotted as means+/-SD.
A comparison between every group in the assay was performed using
the ANOVA Tukey test (** p<0.001), n.s. is not specific.
EXAMPLES
1. Materials and methods
1.1 Isolation and Purification of Naturally Occurring
.alpha.-Synuclein Antibodies
[0127] Naturally occurring .alpha.-Synuclein antibodies
(.alpha.-Syn-Abs) were isolated using affinity chromatography. A
column was packed with NH.sub.2-activated resin (PIERCE
Biotechnology, Rockford, Ill.), labelled with recombinant
.alpha.-Syn (rPeptide, Bogart, Ga.; 1 mg/2 ml drained resin) and
equilibrated and washed with phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4).
After passing either purified human intravenous immunoglobulin G
(IVIG) or IgG fraction from the plasma of a healthy donor through
the column, sixteen fractions were eluted with glycine buffer at pH
2.8 and collected. The main fractions that contain the greatest
amount of .alpha.-Syn-Abs as well as the peripherical fractions
that contain low amounts of .alpha.-Syn-Abs were pooled and their
binding capacity was tested using an .alpha.-Syn-ELISA.
1.2 .alpha.-Syn-ELISA
[0128] A 96-well ELISA plate was coated with recombinant
.alpha.-Syn (rPeptide)dissolved in coating buffer (1.7 mM
H.sub.2PO.sub.4.times.H.sub.2O; 98 mM
Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4.times.H.sub.2O; 0.05% sodium azide, pH 7.4).
After blocking the plate with SuperBlock blocking buffer (PIERCE
Biotechnology), .alpha.-Syn-Abs samples were loaded overnight at
4.degree. C. An appropriate secondary antibody, goat anti-human IgG
H+L peroxidase conjugate (Calbiochem; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt,
Germany), was incubated for one hour. Tetramethylbenzimide (TMB,
Calbiochem) was added, and the reaction was stopped with 2N
H.sub.2SO.sub.4. Finally, measurement was carried out in an ELISA
plate reader (Multiskan Ex, Thermo, Waltham, Mass.) at 450 nm.
1.3 Protein Gel Analysis
[0129] Samples were mixed with 4.times.LDS sample buffer
(Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany) with DTT, boiled for 5 min and
subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Samples were
separated on NUPAGE Bis-Tris 4-12%, 1 mm gels (Invitrogen) in MES
running buffer at 160 V according to the manufacturer's
instructions. Once separated, the proteins were either visualized
using silver staining or subjected to a Western blot analysis.
1.4 Western Blot Analysis
[0130] After being separated, the proteins were transferred to a
PVDF membrane at 160 mA for 45 min. Membranes were blocked using
RotiBlock (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) for 2 h at room temperature
and were then probed overnight with either affinity-purified
.alpha.-Syn-Abs 1:20,000 in RotiBlock or monoclonal .alpha.-Syn-Abs
(clone Syn211, Invitrogen) 1:20,000 in RotiBlock, as indicated. The
membranes were then washed three times in 1.times.phosphate
buffered saline with 0.05% Tween 20 (PBST) and incubated with the
appropriate secondary antibody, goat anti-human or goat anti-mouse
(Pierce Biotechnology), at a concentration of 1:100,000 in PBST for
1 h at room temperature. Proteins were visualized using SuperSignal
West Dura (PIERCE Biotechnology).
1.5 Immunoprecipitation of .alpha.-Synuclein by Affinity-Purified
.alpha.-Syn-Abs
[0131] The reaction mixture of .alpha.-Synuclein was incubated with
affinity-purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs, monoclonal .alpha.-Syn-Abs (as
positive control, clone Syn 211, Invitrogen), phosphate buffered
saline (PBS), and flow through from the affinity chromatography (as
negative control) at 4.degree. C. overnight. Protein G was added
and incubated at 4.degree. C. overnight to precipitate the
IgG/.alpha.-Syn complex.
[0132] The precipitates were centrifuged and washed five times with
PBS before loading a 12% SDS gel. In the Western blot, .alpha.-Syn
monoclonal antibody clone 211 (Invitrogen) and HRP-conjugated goat
anti-human IgG were used and this was then followed by detection
with West Dura Super Signal (PIERCE Biotechnology).
1.6 Surface Plasmon Resonance
[0133] Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) analysis of the
affinity-purified polyclonal .alpha.-Syn-Abs binding to
.alpha.-Synuclein was done on BIACORE 2000 (GE Healthcare,
Freiburg, Germany). Ligand immobilization of .alpha.-, .beta.- and
.gamma.-Synuclein (Sigma Aldrich, Munich, Germany) resuspended in
1.times.PBS; 10-20 .mu.g/ml) was performed by amino coupling to
10,000 units (RU) on different flow cells (Fc2-4) of the CM5 sensor
chip. .beta.- and .gamma.-Synuclein were used as negative controls.
The SPR-signal of the reference flow cell (Fc1) was automatically
subtracted from the sensograms of any other flow cell. Interaction
analysis was performed by injection of analyte samples (IVIG,
75-150 .mu.g/ml) or .alpha.-Syn monoclonal antibody clone Syn 211
(Invitrogen, 10 .mu.g/ml as positive control; 20 .mu.l/min) diluted
in running buffer (1.times.PBS/0.005% P20). The sensor chip was
cleaned from immune-complexes by the injection of 5-20 .mu.l of
regeneration solution (25 mM NaOH). Sensogram evaluation was
performed using the BIA evaluation 3.2 RCI.
1.7 Epitope Mapping
[0134] In order to map detailed epitopes of the affinity-purified
.alpha.-Syn-Abs, we used four peptides that spanned the whole
sequence of .alpha.-Syn. The .alpha.-Syn-Abs were tested for
binding capability to peptides Syn 1-60, Syn 61-140, Syn 1-95, Syn
96-140 (Sigma Aldrich) using Western blot and surface plasmon
resonance as described above, with .alpha.-Syn-Abs as the ligand
and the Synuclein truncations as analytes.
[0135] In an additional set of experiments, we represented
.alpha.-synuclein as an array of overlapping peptides using the
SPOT technology of multiple peptide synthesis. Specifically, a
series of decamer peptides was assembled in an array format on a
nitrocellulose membrane by walking through the entire
.alpha.-synuclein sequence with a sliding window of six amino acids
(FIG. 7). A total of 23 peptide spots were generated to cover the
entire .alpha.-synuclein sequence. These spots were numbered
sequentially from 1-23. In addition to the overlapping peptides we
added a version with an amino acid randomly changed, numbered 25-47
as well as a scrambled version, numbered 49-71 of the same
peptides. We performed an alanin scan of the NAC region of
.alpha.-synuclein. The corresponding peptides were added to the
membrane.
[0136] Subsequently, the .alpha.-synuclein peptide array was probed
with .alpha.-Syn-nAbs and spots on the array produced binding
signals.
1.8 Immunohistochemistry
[0137] In order to determine the cellular and subcellular
localization of the binding partners of the .alpha.-Syn-Abs in the
brain of transgenic mice (Thy1)-h[A30P] (Kahle et al., 2004),
immunohistochemical experiments were conducted using brain samples
of patients with Parkinson's disease and a neuroblastoma cell line
(SH-SY5Y). The histopathological staining properties of
.alpha.-Syn-Abs were compared to those of commercially available
paraffin permeable antibodies against .alpha.-Synuclein (clone 211,
MBL, Woburn, Mass., USA). Briefly, antigen retrieval was carried
out by incubation in 70% formic acid for 20 min. After quenching of
the endogenous peroxidase by 3% H.sub.2O.sub.2 in Methanol for 20
min the primary antibodies were incubated in a 1:100 dilution at
37.degree. C. in a humid chamber for 1 hr. As a detection system,
the Vectastain Elite ABC kit or the Vectastain M.O.M. kit (Biozol,
Eching, Germany) was used according to the manufacturer's
instructions.
1.9 .alpha.-Synuclein Fibril Formation
[0138] The generation of fibrillated .alpha.-Syn was performed as
described previously (Herrera et al., 2008). Briefly, recombinant
.alpha.-Syn (rPeptide) was diluted in 10 mM Tris buffer of pH 7.4
and shaken at 37.degree. C. and 600 rpm. At different time points
(0, 2, 4 and 8 days), aliquots were taken and measured using the
Thioflavin T fibrillation assay. In order to determine the ideal
.alpha.-Syn concentration for the assay, several concentrations (4,
2, 1 mg/ml) were tested after four days of incubation.
1.10 Thioflavin T Fibrillation Assay
[0139] In order to determine the amount of fibrillated .alpha.-Syn,
a fluorometric experiment was performed as described previously
(Herrera et al., 2008). Recombinant .alpha.-Syn (rPeptide) was
incubated as described above. In this case, 10 .mu.l aliquots were
added to 80 .mu.50 mM glycine puffer of pH 8.5 and 10 .mu.l 100
.mu.M Thioflavin T solution (Sigma Aldrich) and fluorescence was
measured spectrofluorometrically using a Tecan reader Infinite M200
(Crailsheim, Germany) at an excitation wavelength of 450 nm and an
emission wavelength of 485 nm. Samples were run in triplicates and
plotted as means+/-SD. Each experiment was performed at least three
times.
1.11 Cell Culture and Toxicity Assay
[0140] Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were maintained in
RPM11640 (Lonza, Cologne, Germany) supplemented with 10% (v/v)
fetal calf serum and 1% (v/v) penicillin/streptomycin antibiotic
mix and grown in a 5% CO.sub.2 atmosphere at 37.degree. C. Cells
were harvested and plated in 96-well plates coated with
poly-L-Lysin at 20,000 cells per well per 100 .mu.l of medium.
Cells were then treated with .alpha.-Syn alone or .alpha.-Syn
pre-incubated with .alpha.-Syn-Abs for four days at 37.degree. C.
and 600 rpm. The MTT
(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide;
Sigma Aldrich) reagent was resuspended in 5 mg/ml with deionised
water and diluted in cell culture media to 0.5 mg/ml. Treatment was
removed from the cells and 200 .mu.MTT solution was added and
incubated for 2-4 hours at 37.degree. C. After removal of the MTT
solution, cells were treated with 200 .mu.l DMSO to reduce the
tetrazolium salt into the insoluble, purple coloured formazane.
Readings were taken at 570 nm after another 30 min incubation at
room temperature and again in the dark using a Tecan reader.
Samples were run in triplicates and plotted as means+/-SD. Each
experiment was performed at least three times.
1.12 De Novo Amino Acid Sequencing of One Purified Human Antibody
Against Human .alpha.-Synuclein
1.12.1 Reduction and Alkylation of Disulfide Bonds
[0141] Protein samples were resolubilized in 50 mM triethylammonium
bicarbonate (TEAB) buffer prior to reduction by addition of
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to a final concentration of 5
mM and incubation at 37.degree. C. for 20 min. Subsequently
iodoacetamide to a 10 mM final concentration was added and the
sample was incubated at room temperature for another 20 mins in the
dark.
1.12.2 SDS-PAGE
[0142] Separation of antibody light chain molecules and heavy
chains molecules was performed by SDS-PAGE according to Laemmli et
al. For subsequent proteolytic cleavage of the light chain IgG
molecules small gel spots were cut and washed according to Proteome
Factory's (Berlin, Germany) in-gel digestion protocol.
1.12.3 Enzymatic Cleavage
[0143] Alkylated peptides were used for enzymatic cleavage with
trypsin, chymotrypsin, glutamic-C protease, clostripain, LysC or
proteinase K. Therefore a small aliquot was diluted with 10 volumes
of the suitable buffer for the enzymatic cleavage. Incubation time
was varied in order to produce overlapping peptides by each
protease.
[0144] Buffer solutions: Trypsin, Thermolysin, LysC: 50 mM ammonium
bicarbonate, 10% acetonitrile (v/v) Chymotrypsin: 100 mM Tris-HCl,
10 mM CaCl.sub.2, 5% ACN (v/v), pH 8.0
[0145] Proteinase K: 100 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM CaCl.sub.2, 5% ACN
(v/v), pH 8.0 Glutamic-C protease: 50 mM Tris-HCl, 0.5 mM Glu-Glu,
pH 8.0 Clostripain: 50 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM CaCl.sub.2, 10% ACN
(v/v), 20 mM DTT, pH 8.5
1.12.4 Mass Spectrometry (MS)
[0146] For carrying out nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS high resolution MS, the
HPLC system was coupled to an Advion NanoMate 100 chip-electrospray
system (Advion, Ithaca, N.Y.), and detection was performed on a
Finnigan LTQ-FT mass spectrometer (ThermoFisher, Bremen, Germany)
equipped with a 6T magnet. Peptides from enzymatic cleavage were
acidified with formic acid and applied to nanoLC-ESIMS/MS. After
trapping and desalting the peptides on enrichment column (Zorbax SB
C18, 0.3.times.5 mm, Agilent) using 1% acetonitrile/0.5% formic
acid solution for five minutes peptides were separated on Zorbax
300 SB C18, 75 .mu.m.times.150 mm column (Agilent, Waldbronn) using
an acetonitrile/0.1% formic acid gradient from 5% to 40%
acetonitrile within 40 to 115 minutes. MS overview spectra were
automatically taken in FT-mode (+/-3 ppm) according to
manufacturer's instrument settings for nanoLC-ESI-MSMS analyses,
peptide fragmentation and detection was accomplished in the
instrument's LTQ ion trap with an accuracy of +/-0.3 Da.
1.12.5 Database Search
[0147] The peptide masses and fragmentation data was searched
against a human antibody sequenced derived from the NCBInr
(National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, USA)
database utilizing the MASCOT search engine (Matrix Science,
London). Positive identification of peptides were annotated for the
generation of sequence candidates.
[0148] Unassigned data was extracted and used for subsequent de
novo peptide sequencing and searching of amino acid permutated
human antibody peptide amino acid sequences.
1.12.6 Search Parameters
[0149] MS parent ion accuracy +/-3 ppm
[0150] MSMS fragment ion accuracy +/-0.3 Da
[0151] Fixed modification: Carbamidomethylation (Cys)
[0152] Denovo sequencing
[0153] Binning of duplicate spectra and peaks:
[0154] Binning MS 0.00015%
[0155] Binning MSMS 0.15 Da
[0156] Sequencing parameters:
[0157] Tolerance MS 0.0003%
[0158] Tolerance MSMS 0.3 Da
[0159] Candidate sequences were subjected to the Basic Local
Alignment Search Tool (BLAST)
[0160] BLAST search parameters:
[0161] BLAST matrix: PAM30
[0162] Expect value: 10
[0163] Database: Human antibody sequences derived from NCBInr
[0164] HPLC separation of peptides
[0165] HPLC separation of LysC digested peptides was performed by
using an Agilent 1100 HPLC system with a Zorbax 300SB-C8 column
(150.times.2.1 mm) and a micro fraction collector for automatic
peak fractionation. Solvent A was 0.1% TFA in water and solvent B
0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. The gradient started at 0% B for 5
minutes followed by increasing concentrations of B to 10 at 10 min,
40% at 55 min, 60% at 65 min and 100% at 70 minutes.
1.12.7 N-Terminal Edman Sequencing
[0166] N-terminal Edman sequencing of HPLC separated peptides was
performed by an ABI Procise Model 49.times.protein sequencer using
peptide fractions spotted on to Biobrene treated glass fiber
discs.
2. Results
2.1 Isolation of Naturally Occurring .alpha.-Syn-Abs from IVIG and
Serum of a Single Donor
[0167] We purified human .alpha.-Syn-Abs from IVIG and from the
serum of a single donor by using an affinity column coated with
recombinant .alpha.-Syn (FIG. 1). The resulting fractions with the
highest IgG content were pooled and their binding properties to
.alpha.-Syn were tested using an ELISA. We found that the resulting
main fractions had a strong anti-.alpha.-Syn signal as compared to
both the flow through IgG and peripheral fractions without
.alpha.-Syn-Abs (FIG. 2a). There was a 2.5-fold increase in the
fraction containing affinity-purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs as compared
to the peripheral fractions without the antibody and a 4-fold
increase as compared to the flow through of the affinity column. In
FIG. 2b we show that .alpha.-Syn-Abs isolated from IVIG as well as
from the serum of a single donor are dose-dependently binding
.alpha.-Syn in an ELISA. The detection limit lies between 125 and
62.5 ng/ml for both affinity purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs.
2.2 Binding Specificity of the Affinity-Purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs
from IVIG and Serum
[0168] The purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs from IVIG and that from single
donor serum were able to detect the monomeric form of recombinant
.alpha.-Syn peptide at 19 kDa on Western blots in a dose dependent
manner. It also detected aggregated .alpha.-Syn species (FIGS. 3a
and 3b). The signals at 38, 57 and 76 kDa correspond to the
approximate sizes of dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric forms of
.alpha.-Syn, respectively. A tetrameric form of .beta.- and
.gamma.-Syn corresponding to the 76 kDa band was clearly recognized
by .alpha.-Syn-Abs from IVIG and from serum.
[0169] In order to further confirm the ability of the naturally
occurring .alpha.-Syn-Abs to bind .alpha.-Syn, we performed
immunoprecipitation of recombinant .alpha.-Syn peptide (FIG. 4). We
were able to confirm that the affinity-purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs do
bind .alpha.-Syn peptide. The negative control, consisting of the
same immunoprecipitation reaction with the column flow-through
alone, did not bind to the recombinant .alpha.-Syn peptide. The
reactions with protein G alone or with non-specific antibodies
(Interleukin-1 antibody) were also negative (data not shown).
[0170] Furthermore, we obtained SPR data on the interaction of
affinity-purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs from IVIG with .alpha.-, .beta.-
and .gamma.-Synuclein immobilized via amino coupling (FIG. 5). Data
demonstrated that the affinity-purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs from IVIG
bind to .alpha.-Syn, to some extent as well as to .beta.-Syn, but
not to .gamma.-Syn. After 20 seconds, the antibody dissociates to
50% from .alpha.-Syn and 100% from the .beta.-isoform. In
comparison, a monoclonal antibody (clone Syn 211, Biosource)
against human .alpha.-Syn bound particularly strong to .alpha.-Syn
but bound very little or not at all to .beta.-Syn and
.gamma.-Syn.
2.3 Affinity-Purified Antibodies Recognize .alpha.-Synuclein in
Lewy Bodies--Immunohistochemical Experiments
[0171] In order to display the anatomical and histopathological
localization of .alpha.-Syn in Lewy bodies using affinity-purified
.alpha.-Syn-Abs, brain samples from PD patients and from an
.alpha.-Syn transgenic (Thy1)-h[A30P] mouse model were analyzed
using immunohistochemistry. In human PD patient samples, the
affinity-purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs recognized the same structures as
the monoclonal anti-human .alpha.-Syn-Ab (FIG. 6); these included a
halo around a weaker core in Lewy bodies and drilled roots in Lewy
neurites as well as in somatodendritic deposits. In the .alpha.-Syn
transgenic mouse model there are no Lewy bodies present but rather
only so called "Lewy body like inclusions" have been reported
(Kahle et al., 2001). The immunohistochemical staining demonstrated
that both the affinity purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs and the monoclonal
.alpha.-Syn-Ab recognised these inclusions. Taken together, our
results could conclusively demonstrate the specific binding of the
affinity-purified antibodies to either recombinant human
.alpha.-Syn or native human .alpha.-Syn.
2.4 Epitope Mapping
[0172] In order to further characterize the naturally occurring
antibodies, we identified which epitopes of .alpha.-Syn are bound
by .alpha.-Syn-Abs. Therefore, four truncated synthetic peptides
spanning different regions of .alpha.-Syn were subjected to Western
blot analysis (FIG. 7a). The .alpha.-Syn-Abs bound to the peptides
corresponding to residues 1-60, 1-95 and 61-140 but not to the
peptide corresponding to residues 96-140 (FIG. 7b).
[0173] Dot Blot analysis (FIG. 7) shows that the .alpha.-Syn-nAbs
bind to the full-length .alpha.-synuclein but not to the albumin
control. The strongest signal is observed with the peptide
corresponding to residues 61-140. There is a very slight binding to
the peptide corresponding to residues 1-60 and 1-95, and no binding
to the peptide corresponding to residues 96-140 (FIG. 7).
[0174] Inspection of the decamer peptide array revealed positive
signals for peptides 1, 7, 13 and 16. corresponding to the
sequences listed in Table 7.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 7 List of .alpha.-synuclein peptides that
showed significant binding to .alpha.-Syn-nAbs in the peptide array
membrane. The missing aa sequences 2, 25, 26, 34, 36, and 61 were
not positive and are therefore marked with --. Sequence One aa
change scrambled 1 MDVFMKGLSK 25 -- 49 MMVGKSDLKF 2 -- 26 -- 50
LESVGAKVKG 7 VLYVGSKTKE 31 VLYVGSKT>MKE 55 VYSVLKKETG 13
GVTAVAQKTN 34 -- 61 -- 16 ATGFVKKDQL 36 -- 64 LKFTKDVQGA
[0175] The non-amyloid component (NAC) is located between .about.61
and 95 and seemed to be relevant in the binding of .alpha.-Syn-Abs
to .alpha.-Syn. This data was confirmed by SPR data that also
showed that the .alpha.-Syn fragments containing the NAC region had
a higher binding specificity to .alpha.-Syn as compared to
fragments that lacked this region (data not shown).
[0176] To validate results obtained from the Dot Blot analysis, we
selectively synthesized an overlapping peptide array through the
NAC region of .alpha.-synuclein (residues 61-100) of hexamer
peptides with a sliding window of 3 amino acids. A total of 11
peptide spots were generated to cover the complete NAC region of
.alpha.-synuclein. These spots were numbered sequentially from
73-83. In addition to the overlapping peptides, we added a
scrambled version, numbered 85-95 as well as a version with an
amino acid randomly changed, numbered 87-107. The .alpha.-synuclein
peptide array was probed with .alpha.-Syn-nAbs and spots on the
array produced binding signals. The peptide sequences corresponding
to positive signals are shown in Table 8.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 8 List of .alpha.-synuclein NAC region
peptides that showed significant binding to .alpha.-Syn-nAbs in the
peptide array membrane. The corresponding sequence with one aa
change and the scrambled version were negative and therefore marked
with --. Sequence One aa change scrambled 77 VTAVAQ 89 -- 101 -- 83
TGFVKK 95 F>M TGMVKK 107 KTKGFV
2.5 .alpha.-Syn-Abs Inhibit the .alpha.-Syn Fibril Formation
[0177] We investigated whether purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs had an
effect on .alpha.-Syn fibril formation by using Thioflavin T (ThT),
a fluorescent reagent that specifically binds to fibrillar
structures. Incubation of highly concentrated .alpha.-Syn (4 mg/ml)
alone resulted in a time-dependent increase in fluorescence as the
.alpha.-Syn began to aggregate (FIG. 14a). Incubation of
.alpha.-Syn with 2 .mu.M affinity-purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs
incubated for four days at 37.degree. C. and 600 rpm caused a
significant decrease in ThT fluorescence, suggesting that the
affinity-purified autoantibody was able to reduce fibril formation
of .alpha.-Syn (FIG. 14b). The antibody isolated from serum did not
show the same capacity for inhibiting fibril formation as compared
to the antibody isolated from IVIG. When .alpha.-Syn was incubated
with the column flow-through, a decrease in fibril formation was
observed. The resulting data was analysed by a t-test using the
GraphPad Software (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, Calif.).
2.6 Affinity-Purified .alpha.-Syn Antibodies Block Cytotoxicity of
Aggregated .alpha.-Syn
[0178] We examined the cytotoxicity of pre-aggregated .alpha.-Syn
samples on the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y using an MTT
assay. We tested whether the affinity-purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs had
an effect on .alpha.-Syn-mediated cytotoxicity. Cells were treated
with .alpha.-Syn and pre-incubated for four days with or without
.alpha.-Syn-Abs. As depicted in FIG. 15, there was a significant
increase in cell viability when cells were treated with .alpha.-Syn
in the presence of .alpha.-Syn-Abs. Incubation with an unspecific
synthetic antibody did not produce the same effect. The resulting
data were analyzed with one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using
the SigmaStat Software (Systat Software GmbH, Erkrath,
Germany).
2.7. Amino Acid Sequence Determination of IgG1 Variable Domains of
Heavy and Light Chains of Naturally Occurring Antibodies Directed
Against .alpha.-Synuclein
[0179] In order to obtain information on the amino acid sequence of
the three complementarity determining regions (CDR) of each
involved antibody chain as well as the relevant combination of the
CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 an RT-PCR/cDNA-sequencing approach using
B-cell derived mRNA as template was performed.
[0180] Briefly, RNA was first isolated from B-cells enriched for
anti-.alpha.-Syn, which were derived from blood donation buffy
coats. Subsequently, cDNA was generated from the mRNA by oligo-dT
priming. The cDNA was used as substrate for two types of PCR. The
first PCR was specific for the variable domain of all human IgG1
heavy chains including a fragment of the adjoining constant domain.
The second PCR was specific for the variable domain of human Kappa
light chain plus a part of the neighboring sequences derived from
the constant domain of the kappa light chain. These PCRs generate
fragments of the variable domains of heavy and light chains from
various B-cells thus demonstrating a mixture of information on
these molecules from different cells. To be able to generate
information on single HC/LC molecules, the PCR products were cloned
into plasmids. Finally, colony-PCR products of the right size were
sequenced and the nucleotide information translated into the
required amino acid information. This information could be analyzed
for its relationship to the expected IgG1 sequences as well as for
statistical distribution of the number of sequences found within
the samples.
[0181] The sequences determined for exemplary .alpha.-Syn specific
light chains are shown in SEQ ID NOs.: 2, 148, 149, 150, and
151.
2.8. Statistical Evaluation
TABLE-US-00010 [0182] Statistical evaluation for IgG1 HC.sub.v
amino acid sequences Number of sequences analysed: Sequences in
total: 100 (100%) IgM related sequences: 11 (11%) IgG1 related but
truncated: 9 (9%) IgG1 related sequences: 80 (80%) IgG1 HC.sub.v
types defined due to sequence homologies: Type1: 48 (60%) Type2: 13
(16%) Type3: 19 (24%) Homology between Type1/Type2/Type3 consensus
sequences (without CDR regions): Type1/Type 2: 76% Type 2/Type 3:
64% Type 1/Type 3: 71% Number of CDR sequences detected within IgG1
HC.sub.v: CDR1: 13 CDR2: 14 CDR3: 31 Type1: 6 Type1: 8 Type1: 20
Type2: 2 Type2: 2 Type2: 5 Type3: 5 Type3: 4 Type3: 6 No CDR region
found within one type of .alpha.-Syn specific IgG1 HC.sub.v was
found in another type as well. Number of CDR1/CDR2/CDR3
combinations detected: Total: 45 Type1: 30 within 48 clones =>
ratio 0.63 new combinations per clone Type2: 6 within 13 clones
=> ratio 0.46 Type3: 9 within 19 clones => ratio 0.47
[0183] The statistics presented here do not reflect the similarity
by the detected amino acid sequences within the CDR groups. The
combinations mentioned within the calculations above often differ
by one single amino acid only.
TABLE-US-00011 Statistical evaluation for Kappa LC.sub.v amino acid
sequences Number of sequences analysed: Sequences in total: 137
(100%) Non .kappa.LCv related sequences: 12 (9%) .kappa.LCv related
but truncated: 0 (0%) .kappa.LCv related sequences: 125 (91%)
.kappa.LCv types defined due to sequence homologies: Type1: 64
(51%) Type2: 24 (19%) Type3: 33 (27%) Not defined: 4 (3%) (not
considered for further evaluation) Homology between
Type1/Type2/Type3 consensus sequences (without CDR regions):
Type1/Type2: 76% Type2/Type3: 74% Type1/Type3: 68% Number of CDR
sequences detected within .kappa.LCv: CDR1: 11 CDR2: 9 CDR3: 25
Type1: 1 Type1: 1 Type1: 4 Type2: 3 Type2: 3 Type2: 8 Type3: 7
Type3: 5 Type3: 13 No CDR region found within one type of
.alpha.-Syn specific .kappa.LCv was found in another type as well.
Number of CDR1/CDR2/CDR3 combinations detected: Total: 30 Type1: 4
within 64 clones => ratio 0.06 new combinations per clone Type2:
10 within 24 clones => ratio 0.42 new combinations per clone
Type3: 16 within 33 clones => ratio 0.48 new combinations per
clone
[0184] The statistics presented here do not reflect the similarity
by the detected amino acid sequences within the CDR groups. The
combinations mentioned within the calculations above often differ
by one single amino acid only.
3. Discussion
[0185] Neuropathologic and genetic studies as well as the
development of transgenic animal models have provided evidence for
the involvement of .alpha.-Synuclein (.alpha.-Syn) in the
pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has become
increasingly evident that the misfolded and aggregated species of
.alpha.-Syn are known to be neurotoxic and subsequently lead to
neurodegeneration. Thus, research has focused on finding new
approaches to reducing abnormal accumulation of .alpha.-Syn.
[0186] In recent years, immunization has been shown to be effective
in reducing neuronal accumulation of .alpha.-Syn aggregates.
Masliah and colleagues also demonstrated that active immunization
against human .alpha.-Syn reduced .alpha.-Syn aggregates in the
brains of transgenic mice (Masliah et al., 2005). Papachroni and
colleagues demonstrated for the first time the existence of
autoantibodies (AAbs) against .alpha.-Syn that are positively
correlated with the familial but not sporadic form of PD. In the
study, they examined the presence of AAbs against .alpha.-Syn in
the peripheral blood serum of PD patients and controls. They could
detect such AAbs in 65% of all tested patients and they
demonstrated that 90% of patients with familial PD tested positive
for AAbs against .alpha.-Syn. Therefore, they hypothesized that
these AAbs could be involved in the pathogenesis of .alpha.-Syn.
(Papachroni et al., 2007).
[0187] Emadi and colleagues have isolated a human single-chain
antibody fragment (scFv) against oligomeric .alpha.-Syn from a
phage display antibody library (Emadi et al., 2007). They described
binding only to oligomeric forms of .alpha.-Syn and inhibited both
aggregation and toxicity of .alpha.-Syn in vitro. This approach is
considered a significant advance toward a molecular therapy
targeted against PD and other neurodegenerative conditions in which
.alpha.-Syn aggregations represent a primary hallmark of
disease.
[0188] In this study, we were able to isolate naturally occurring
.alpha.-Syn antibodies from IVIG as well as from the serum of a
healthy donor. Subsequent characterization by different assays
including ELISA, Western blot analysis and surface plasmon
resonance (SPR) analysis demonstrated that these .alpha.-Syn
antibodies recognize several species of .alpha.-Syn. ELISA showed
that antibodies purified from IVIG and from the serum of a single
donor could both bind .alpha.-Syn. Western blot analysis
demonstrated that the autoantibody was able to bind different
species of .alpha.-Syn but not monomeric .beta.- and
.gamma.-Synuclein. These results were confirmed using SPR analysis:
the binding of the autoantibody was shown to be specific for
monomeric .alpha.-Syn but not for monomeric .beta.- or .gamma.-Syn.
Interestingly, oligomeric forms of all three synucleins were also
recognized.
[0189] Our attempt to characterize the linear binding epitope of
our .alpha.-Syn-Abs indicated that the non amyloidal component
(NAC) region might be of importance. The NAC Region was originally
identified as a component of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques. Deletions
of this regions have been shown to be crucial for the aggregation
of .alpha.-Syn in vitro (Ueda et al., 1993, Conway et al., 1998,
Takeda et al., 1998) and through their toxicity to dopaminergic
neurons in a Drosophila model (Periquet et al., 2007).
[0190] We were able to determine the cellular and subcellular
localization of the binding partners of the .alpha.-Syn-Abs in the
brains of PD patients as well as in the brains of transgenic mice
by immunohistochemistry. The functionality of the affinity-purified
.alpha.-Syn antibodies was tested using a thioflavin T assay and we
were able to show that it can inhibit fibrillation of .alpha.-Syn.
Also, a cell viability assay demonstrated that the
affinity-purified .alpha.-Syn-Abs were able to increase cell
viability and reduce .alpha.-Syn-induced cytotoxicity. These
results are consistent with the effects of the antibodies against
oligomeric forms of .alpha.-Syn as published in Emadi et al.,
2007.
[0191] Taken together, these data suggest that the isolated
.alpha.-Syn antibodies could have a therapeutic application in
controlling the aggregation of .alpha.-Synuclein and consequently
in the progression of PD.
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Rockenstein E, Adame A, Alford M, Crews L, Hashimoto M, Seubert P,
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E, Veinbergs I, Mallory M, Hashimoto M, Takeda A, Sagara Y, Sisk A,
Mucke L (Dopaminergic loss and inclusion body formation in
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Science (New York, N.Y. 287:1265-1269.2000). [0206] 15. Murphy R C,
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Sequence CWU 1
1
1641140PRTHomo sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(140)alpha-Synuclein 1Met
Asp Val Phe Met Lys Gly Leu Ser Lys Ala Lys Glu Gly Val Val 1 5 10
15 Ala Ala Ala Glu Lys Thr Lys Gln Gly Val Ala Glu Ala Ala Gly Lys
20 25 30 Thr Lys Glu Gly Val Leu Tyr Val Gly Ser Lys Thr Lys Glu
Gly Val 35 40 45 Val His Gly Val Ala Thr Val Ala Glu Lys Thr Lys
Glu Gln Val Thr 50 55 60 Asn Val Gly Gly Ala Val Val Thr Gly Val
Thr Ala Val Ala Gln Lys 65 70 75 80 Thr Val Glu Gly Ala Gly Ser Ile
Ala Ala Ala Thr Gly Phe Val Lys 85 90 95 Lys Asp Gln Leu Gly Lys
Asn Glu Glu Gly Ala Pro Gln Glu Gly Ile 100 105 110 Leu Glu Asp Met
Pro Val Asp Pro Asp Asn Glu Ala Tyr Glu Met Pro 115 120 125 Ser Glu
Glu Gly Tyr Gln Asp Tyr Glu Pro Glu Ala 130 135 140 2220PRTHomo
sapiensMISC_FEATURE(1)..(220)light chain sequence 2Glu Ile Val Leu
Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Thr Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Arg
Ala Thr Leu Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Val Ser Ser Ser 20 25 30
Tyr Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Arg Leu Leu 35
40 45 Ile Tyr Gly Ala Ser Ser Arg Ala Thr Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg Phe
Ser 50 55 60 Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser
Ser Leu Gln 65 70 75 80 Ser Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Arg Leu
Thr Glu Glu Lys Gly 85 90 95 Trp Met Tyr Leu Gly Tyr Thr Phe Gly
Gln Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile 100 105 110 Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro
Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp 115 120 125 Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser
Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn 130 135 140 Phe Tyr Pro
Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu 145 150 155 160
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp 165
170 175 Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp
Tyr 180 185 190 Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln
Gly Leu Ser 195 200 205 Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu
Cys 210 215 220 325PRTHomo sapiens 3Gln Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly
Gly Gly Val Val Gln Pro Gly Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys
Ala Ala Ser 20 25 414PRTHomo sapiens 4Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly
Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val Ala 1 5 10 532PRTHomo sapiens 5Arg Phe Thr
Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr Leu Gln 1 5 10 15 Met
Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg 20 25
30 650PRTHomo sapiens 6Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly 1 5 10 15 Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser
Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly 20 25 30 Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu
Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val 35 40 45 Thr Val 50 725PRTHomo
sapiens 7Gln Leu Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Ser Gly Leu Val Lys Pro
Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Val Ser 20 25
814PRTHomo sapiens 8Trp Ile Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp
Ile Gly 1 5 10 932PRTHomo sapiens 9Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Val Asp Arg
Ser Lys Asn Gln Phe Ser Leu Lys 1 5 10 15 Leu Ser Ser Val Thr Ala
Ala Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg 20 25 30 1050PRTHomo
sapiens 10Trp Gly Lys Gly Thr Thr Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr
Lys Gly 1 5 10 15 Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser
Thr Ser Gly Gly 20 25 30 Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp
Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val 35 40 45 Thr Val 50 1125PRTHomo sapiens
11Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1
5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser 20 25 1214PRTHomo
sapiens 12Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met Gly 1
5 10 1332PRTHomo sapiens 13Trp Val Thr Met Thr Arg Asp Thr Ser Ile
Ser Thr Ala Tyr Met Glu 1 5 10 15 Leu Ser Arg Leu Arg Ser Asp Asp
Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg 20 25 30 1450PRTHomo sapiens 14Trp
Gly Arg Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly 1 5 10
15 Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Cys Ser Arg Ser Thr Ser Glu Ser
20 25 30 Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu
Pro Val 35 40 45 Thr Val 50 1523PRTHomo sapiens 15Asp Ile Val Met
Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro
Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys 20 1615PRTHomo sapiens 16Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys
Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile Tyr 1 5 10 15 1732PRTHomo
sapiens 17Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp
Phe Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 20 25 30 1816PRTHomo sapiens 18Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr
Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro 1 5 10 15 1923PRTHomo
sapiens 19Glu Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Gly Thr Leu Ser Leu Ser
Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Ser Cys 20 2015PRTHomo
sapiens 20Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile
Tyr 1 5 10 15 2132PRTHomo sapiens 21Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Ile Ser Arg Leu
Glu Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 20 25 30 2216PRTHomo
sapiens 22Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala
Ala Pro 1 5 10 15 2323PRTHomo sapiens 23Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser
Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile
Thr Cys 20 2415PRTHomo sapiens 24Trp Phe Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys
Ala Pro Lys Ser Leu Ile Tyr 1 5 10 15 2532PRTHomo sapiens 25Gly Val
Pro Ser Lys Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr 1 5 10 15
Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys 20
25 30 2616PRTHomo sapiens 26Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys
Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro 1 5 10 15
2710PRTArtificialanti-alpha-Synuclein HCv Type 1, CDR1, consensus
sequence 27Gly Phe Thr Xaa Ser Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa 1 5 10
2810PRTHomo sapiens 28Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Asp Ala Trp Ile Asn 1 5
10 2910PRTHomo sapiens 29Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Asp Tyr Tyr Met Ser 1
5 10 3010PRTHomo sapiens 30Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr Ala Met His
1 5 10 3110PRTHomo sapiens 31Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr Ala Met
Ser 1 5 10 3210PRTHomo sapiens 32Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr Gly
Met His 1 5 10 3310PRTHomo sapiens 33Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr
Trp Met Ser 1 5 10 3410PRTHomo sapiens 34Gly Phe Thr Val Ser Ser
Asn Tyr Met Ser 1 5 10 3516PRTHomo sapiens 35Ala Ile Ser Gly Ser
Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val Lys Gly 1 5 10 15 3617PRTHomo
sapiens 36Asn Ile Lys Gln Asp Gly Ser Glu Lys Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser
Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly 3717PRTHomo sapiens 37Asn Ile Lys Gln Asp Gly
Ser Glu Lys Tyr Tyr Val Asp Ser Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly 3819PRTHomo
sapiens 38Arg Ile Lys Ser Lys Thr Asp Gly Gly Thr Thr Asp Tyr Ala
Ala Pro 1 5 10 15 Val Lys Gly 3917PRTHomo sapiens 39Val Ile Trp Tyr
Asp Gly Ser Asn Lys Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly
4017PRTHomo sapiens 40Val Ile Ser Tyr Asp Gly Ser Asn Lys Tyr Tyr
Ala Asp Ser Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly 4116PRTHomo sapiens 41Val Ile Tyr
Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val Lys Gly 1 5 10 15
4217PRTHomo sapiens 42Tyr Ile Ser Ser Ser Gly Gly Thr Ile Tyr Tyr
Ala Asp Ser Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly 4317PRTHomo sapiens 43Tyr Ile Ser
Ser Ser Ser Ser Tyr Thr Asn Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly
4412PRTHomo sapiens 44Ala Met Val Arg Gly Val Thr Lys Pro Phe Asp
Tyr 1 5 10 4512PRTHomo sapiens 45Ala Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Ser
Gly Tyr Gly Tyr 1 5 10 4614PRTHomo sapiens 46Asp Leu Val Asp Tyr
Asp Ser Ser Gly Tyr Tyr Pro Asp Tyr 1 5 10 4720PRTHomo sapiens
47Asp Arg Gly Phe Gly Tyr Cys Ser Ser Thr Ser Cys His Thr Glu Asp 1
5 10 15 Ala Phe Asp Ile 20 4819PRTHomo sapiens 48Asp Arg His Pro
Gly Tyr Cys Ser Ser Thr Ser Cys Phe Val Arg Tyr 1 5 10 15 Phe Asp
Tyr 4917PRTHomo sapiens 49Asp Arg Arg Gly Ile Ala Ala Thr Ala Gly
Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Met Asp 1 5 10 15 Val 5020PRTHomo sapiens 50Asp Trp
Gly Ile Val Asp Thr Ala Met Val Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr 1 5 10 15
Gly Met Asp Val 20 5116PRTHomo sapiens 51Glu Ala Pro Ser Ser Gly
Trp Tyr Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr Met Asp Val 1 5 10 15 5222PRTHomo
sapiens 52Glu His Arg Gly Gly Tyr Tyr Asp Ile Leu Thr Gly Tyr Thr
Lys His 1 5 10 15 Gly Gly Ser Asn Asp Tyr 20 538PRTHomo sapiens
53Glu Arg Tyr Tyr Tyr Met Asp Val 1 5 5415PRTHomo sapiens 54Gly Gly
Asp Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Ser Gly Tyr Tyr Leu Pro Trp Tyr 1 5 10 15
5517PRTHomo sapiens 55Gly Thr Asp Thr Glu Ser Val Ala Ala Pro Tyr
Tyr Tyr Tyr Met Asp 1 5 10 15 Val 568PRTHomo sapiens 56Gly Val Ala
Gly Arg Phe Asp Tyr 1 5 5712PRTHomo sapiens 57Gly Val Val Pro Ala
Ala Glu Ser Trp Phe Asp Pro 1 5 10 5817PRTHomo sapiens 58Lys Asp
Gly Ser Gly Ser Tyr Tyr His Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr Val Met Asp 1 5 10 15
Val 5913PRTHomo sapiens 59Lys Thr Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Ser Gly
Tyr Gly Tyr 1 5 10 6013PRTHomo sapiens 60Gln Asp Ile Ala Ala Ala
Ala Pro Tyr Tyr Phe Asp Tyr 1 5 10 6110PRTHomo sapiens 61Ser Gly
Ala Ser Leu Arg Ala Phe Asp Ile 1 5 10 629PRTHomo sapiens 62Ser Gly
Tyr Tyr Tyr Pro Leu Asp Tyr 1 5 6314PRTHomo sapiens 63Tyr Cys Ser
Ser Thr Ser Cys Ser Ser Glu Tyr Phe Gly His 1 5 10 6415PRTHomo
sapiens 64Tyr Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Ser Ala Val Glu Gly Asp Ala Phe Asp
Ile 1 5 10 15 6512PRTArtificialanti-alpha-Synuclein HCv Type 2,
CDR1, consensus sequence 65Gly Gly Ser Ile Ser Ser Gly Gly Tyr Xaa
Trp Ser 1 5 10 6612PRTHomo sapiens 66Gly Gly Ser Ile Ser Ser Gly
Gly Tyr Ser Trp Ser 1 5 10 6712PRTHomo sapiens 67Gly Gly Ser Ile
Ser Ser Gly Gly Tyr Tyr Trp Ser 1 5 10
6816PRTArtificialanti-alpha-Synuclein HCv Type 2, CDR2, consensus
sequence 68Tyr Ile Tyr Xaa Ser Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu
Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 6916PRTHomo sapiens 69Tyr Ile Tyr His Ser Gly Ser
Thr Tyr Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 7016PRTHomo sapiens
70Tyr Ile Tyr Tyr Ser Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu Lys Ser 1
5 10 15 7110PRTHomo sapiens 71Ala Gly Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr Met Asp
Val 1 5 10 7222PRTHomo sapiens 72Ala His Pro Val Arg Gly Ser Gly
Ser Tyr Tyr Asn Arg Asn Tyr Tyr 1 5 10 15 Tyr Tyr Tyr Met Asp Val
20 7312PRTHomo sapiens 73Gly Ser Arg Glu Gly Tyr Gly Asp Arg Ile
Asp Tyr 1 5 10 7421PRTHomo sapiens 74Gly Thr Glu Tyr Cys Thr Asn
Gly Ala Cys Tyr Met Gly Tyr Tyr Tyr 1 5 10 15 Tyr Tyr Met Asp Val
20 7521PRTHomo sapiens 75Gly Thr Glu Tyr Cys Thr Asn Gly Val Cys
Tyr Met Gly Tyr Tyr Tyr 1 5 10 15 Tyr Tyr Met Asp Val 20
7610PRTHomo sapiens 76Gly Gly Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr Ala Ile Ser 1 5
10 7710PRTHomo sapiens 77Gly Tyr Ile Ile Ala Asn Tyr Tyr Ile His 1
5 10 7810PRTHomo sapiens 78Gly Tyr Ile Ile Thr Asn Tyr Tyr Ile His
1 5 10 7910PRTHomo sapiens 79Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Gly Tyr Tyr Met
His 1 5 10 8010PRTHomo sapiens 80Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr Tyr
Met His 1 5 10 8117PRTArtificialanti-alpha-Synuclein HCv Type 3,
CDR2, consensus sequence 81Xaa Ile Xaa Pro Xaa Xaa Gly Xaa Xaa Xaa
Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly 8217PRTHomo sapiens 82Gly Ile
Ile Pro Ile Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe Gln 1 5 10 15
Gly 8317PRTHomo sapiens 83Ile Ile Asn Pro Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Ser
Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly 8417PRTHomo sapiens 84Ile Ile
Thr Pro Ser His Gly Ala Thr Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe Gln 1 5 10 15
Gly 8517PRTHomo sapiens 85Trp Ile Asn Pro Asn Ser Gly Gly Thr Asn
Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly 8618PRTHomo sapiens 86Ala Lys
Asp Tyr Asp Phe Trp Arg Gly Ser Thr Gly Met Arg Tyr Leu 1 5 10 15
Asp Val 8719PRTHomo sapiens 87Asp Lys Arg Cys Ser Ser Thr Ser Cys
Gln Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr 1 5 10 15 Met Asp Val 8816PRTHomo
sapiens 88Asp Ser Gly Ser Ser Gly Trp Tyr Val Pro Tyr Trp Tyr Phe
Asp Leu 1 5 10 15 8917PRTHomo sapiens 89Pro Ile Gly Gly Gly Pro Ser
Gly Trp Tyr Glu Thr Ser Cys Phe Asp 1 5 10 15 Pro 9019PRTHomo
sapiens 90Thr Ser Tyr Gly Asp Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr
Tyr Gly 1 5 10 15 Met Asp Val 9110PRTHomo sapiens 91Val Asp Tyr Ser
Asn Tyr Val Val Asp Tyr 1 5 10 9216PRTHomo sapiens 92Arg Ser Ser
Gln Ser Leu Leu His Ser Asn Gly Tyr Asn Tyr Leu Asp 1 5 10 15
937PRTHomo sapiens 93Leu Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser 1 5
949PRTArtificialanti-alpha-Synuclein LCv Type 1, CDR3, consensus
sequence 94Met Gln Ala Leu Gln Xaa Xaa Xaa Thr 1 5 959PRTHomo
sapiens 95Met Gln Ala Leu Gln Thr Pro Arg Thr 1 5 969PRTHomo
sapiens 96Met Gln Ala Leu Gln Thr Pro Trp Thr 1 5 979PRTHomo
sapiens 97Met Gln Ala Leu Gln Thr Pro Tyr Thr 1 5 988PRTHomo
sapiens 98Met Gln Ala Thr Gln Phe Arg Thr 1 5
9912PRTArtificialanti-alpha-Synuclein LCv Type 2, CDR1, consensus
sequence 99Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Val Ser Ser Xaa Xaa Leu Ala 1 5 10
10011PRTHomo sapiens 100Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Val Ser Ser Asn Leu Ala
1 5 10 10112PRTHomo sapiens 101Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Val Ser Ser Ser
Tyr Leu Ala 1 5 10 10211PRTHomo sapiens 102Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Val
Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ala 1 5 10 1037PRTArtificialanti-alpha-Synuclein
LCv Type 2, CDR2, consensus sequence 103Xaa Ala Ser Xaa Arg Ala Thr
1 5 1047PRTHomo sapiens 104Asp Ala Ser Asn Arg Ala Thr 1 5
1057PRTHomo sapiens 105Gly Ala Ser Ser Arg Ala Thr 1 5 1067PRTHomo
sapiens 106Gly Ala Ser Thr Arg Ala Thr 1 5 1079PRTHomo sapiens
107Gln Gln Arg Ser Asn Trp Pro Pro Thr 1 5 10810PRTHomo sapiens
108Gln Gln Arg Ser Asn Trp Pro Pro Tyr Thr 1 5 10 1098PRTHomo
sapiens 109Gln Gln Tyr Gly Ser Ser Trp Thr 1 5 1109PRTHomo sapiens
110Gln Gln Tyr Asn Asn Trp Pro Leu Thr 1 5 11111PRTHomo sapiens
111Gln Gln Tyr Asn Asn Trp Pro Pro Met Tyr Thr 1 5 10 1129PRTHomo
sapiens 112Gln Gln Tyr Asn Asn Trp Pro Arg Thr 1 5 1138PRTHomo
sapiens 113Gln Gln Tyr Asn Asn Trp Trp Thr 1 5 1148PRTHomo sapiens
114Gln Gln Tyr Asn Asn Trp Tyr Thr 1 5
11511PRTArtificialanti-alpha-Synuclein LCv Type 3, CDR1, consensus
sequence 115Arg Xaa Ser Gln Xaa Ile Xaa Xaa Xaa Leu Xaa 1 5 10
11611PRTHomo sapiens 116Arg Ala Ser Gln Gly Ile Arg Asn Asp Leu Gly
1 5 10 11711PRTHomo sapiens 117Arg Ala Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser Asn Tyr
Leu Ala 1 5 10 11811PRTHomo sapiens 118Arg Ala Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser
Ser Trp Leu Ala 1 5 10 11911PRTHomo sapiens 119Arg Ala Ser Gln Gly
Ile Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ala 1 5 10 12011PRTHomo sapiens 120Arg Ala Ser
Gln Ser Ile Ser Ser Trp Leu Ala 1 5 10 12111PRTHomo sapiens 121Arg
Met Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser Ser Trp Leu Ala 1 5 10 12211PRTHomo sapiens
122Arg Met Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ala 1 5 10 1237PRTHomo
sapiens 123Ala Ala Ser Ser Leu Gln Ser 1 5 1247PRTHomo sapiens
124Ala Ala Ser Thr Leu Gln Ser 1 5 1257PRTHomo sapiens 125Ala Ala
Ser Thr Leu Val Ser 1 5 1267PRTHomo sapiens 126Asp Ala Ser Asn Leu
Glu Thr 1 5 1277PRTHomo sapiens 127Lys Ala Ser Ser Leu Glu Ser 1 5
1289PRTHomo sapiens 128Leu Gly Asp Tyr Asn Tyr Pro Tyr Thr 1 5
1299PRTHomo sapiens 129Leu Gln Asp Asn Asn Tyr Pro Arg Thr 1 5
1309PRTHomo sapiens 130Leu Gln Asp Tyr Asn Tyr Pro Tyr Thr 1 5
1319PRTHomo sapiens 131Leu Gln His Asn Ser Tyr Pro Phe Thr 1 5
1329PRTHomo sapiens 132Leu Gln His Asn Ser Tyr Pro Val Thr 1 5
1339PRTHomo sapiens 133Gln Gln Ala Asn Ser Phe Pro Ile Thr 1 5
1349PRTHomo sapiens 134Gln Gln Ala Asn Ser Phe Pro Leu Thr 1 5
13510PRTHomo sapiens 135Gln Gln Leu Asn Ser Tyr Pro Leu Phe Thr 1 5
10 13610PRTHomo sapiens 136Gln Gln Tyr Asp Asn Leu Pro Pro Phe Thr
1 5 10 1379PRTHomo sapiens 137Gln Gln Tyr Asn Ser Tyr Pro Val Thr 1
5 1389PRTHomo sapiens 138Gln Gln Tyr Asn Ser Tyr Pro Trp Thr 1 5
1399PRTHomo sapiens 139Gln Gln Tyr Asn Ser Tyr Pro Tyr Thr 1 5
14011PRTHomo sapiens 140Gln Gln Tyr Asn Ser Tyr Ser Arg Lys Tyr Thr
1 5 10 1419PRTHomo sapiens 141Leu Gln Asp Tyr Asn Tyr Pro Leu Thr 1
5 1429PRTHomo sapiens 142Gln Gln Tyr Asn Ser Tyr Leu Tyr Thr 1 5
1439PRTHomo sapiens 143Gln Gln Leu Asn Ser Tyr Pro Arg Thr 1 5
1449PRTHomo sapiens 144Leu Arg Asp Tyr Asn Tyr Pro Leu Thr 1 5
14514PRTHomo sapiens 145Arg Leu Thr Glu Glu Lys Gly Trp Met Tyr Leu
Gly Tyr Thr 1 5 10 14610PRTHomo sapiens 146Gln Gln Arg Ser Asn Trp
Pro Pro Ile Thr 1 5 10 1479PRTHomo sapiens 147Gln Gln Tyr Gly Ser
Ser Pro Arg Thr 1 5 148118PRTHomo sapiens 148Asp Val Val Met Thr
Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Pro Ala
Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val Tyr Ser 20 25 30 Asp
Gly Asn Thr Tyr Leu Asn Trp Phe Gln Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40
45 Pro Arg Arg Leu Ile Tyr Lys Val Ser Asn Arg Asp Ser Gly Val Pro
50 55 60 Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Lys Ile 65 70 75 80 Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr
Cys Met Gln Ala 85 90 95 Leu Gln Thr Pro Trp Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro 115
149118PRTHomo sapiens 149Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Thr Pro Leu Ser
Ser Pro Val Thr Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg
Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val His Ser 20 25 30 Asp Gly Asn Thr Tyr Leu
Ser Trp Leu Gln Gln Arg Pro Gly Gln Pro 35 40 45 Pro Arg Leu Leu
Ile Tyr Lys Ile Ser Asn Arg Phe Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg
Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ala Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80
Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Met Gln Ala 85
90 95 Leu Gln Thr Pro Tyr Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile
Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro 115 150124PRTHomo sapiens
150Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly
1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu
His Ser 20 25 30 Asn Gly Tyr Asn Tyr Leu Asp Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys
Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40 45 Pro Gln Leu Leu Val Tyr Leu Gly Ser Asn
Arg Ala Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80 Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu
Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Met Gln Ala 85 90 95 Leu Gln Thr Pro
Arg Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110 Arg Asn
Cys Gly Cys Thr Ile Cys Leu His Leu Pro 115 120 151124PRTHomo
sapiens 151Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr
Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser
Leu Leu His Ser 20 25 30 Asn Gly Tyr Asn Tyr Leu Asp Trp Tyr Leu
Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40 45 Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu Gly
Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser
Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80 Ser Arg Val Glu
Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Met Gln Ala 85 90 95 Leu Gln
Thr Pro Tyr Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Tyr Gln 100 105 110
Thr Asn Cys Gly Cys Thr Ile Cys Leu His Leu Pro 115 120
15210PRTArtificialdecamer peptide spot No. 1 152Met Asp Val Phe Met
Lys Gly Leu Ser Lys 1 5 10 15310PRTArtificialdecamer peptide spot
No. 7 153Val Leu Tyr Val Gly Ser Lys Thr Lys Glu 1 5 10
15410PRTArtificialdecamer peptide spot No. 13 154Gly Val Thr Ala
Val Ala Gln Lys Thr Asn 1 5 10 15510PRTArtificialdecamer peptide
spot No. 16 155Ala Thr Gly Phe Val Lys Lys Asp Gln Leu 1 5 10
15610PRTArtificialdecamer peptide spot No. 31 156Val Leu Tyr Val
Gly Ser Lys Met Lys Glu 1 5 10 15710PRTArtificialdecamer peptide
spot No. 49 157Met Met Val Gly Lys Ser Asp Leu Lys Phe 1 5 10
15810PRTArtificialdecamer peptide spot No. 50 158Leu Glu Ser Val
Gly Ala Lys Val Lys Gly 1 5 10 15910PRTArtificialdecamer peptide
spot No. 55 159Val Tyr Ser Val Leu Lys Lys Glu Thr Gly 1 5 10
16010PRTArtificialdecamer peptide spot No. 64 160Leu Lys Phe Thr
Lys Asp Val Gln Gly Ala 1 5 10 1616PRTArtificialhexamer peptide
spot No. 77 161Val Thr Ala Val Ala Gln 1 5 1626PRTArtificialhexamer
peptide spot No. 83 162Thr Gly Phe Val Lys Lys 1 5
1636PRTArtificialhexamer peptide spot No. 95 163Thr Gly Met Val Lys
Lys 1 5 1646PRTArtificialhexamer peptide spot No. 107 164Lys Thr
Lys Gly Phe Val 1 5
* * * * *