U.S. patent application number 14/373573 was filed with the patent office on 2014-12-25 for reformed coal production equipment, and method for controlling same.
This patent application is currently assigned to MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.. The applicant listed for this patent is MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.. Invention is credited to Keiichi Nakagawa, Setsuo Omoto, Fumiaki Sato, Jun Satou.
Application Number | 20140373435 14/373573 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 49005789 |
Filed Date | 2014-12-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140373435 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Nakagawa; Keiichi ; et
al. |
December 25, 2014 |
REFORMED COAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT, AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING
SAME
Abstract
Reformed coal production equipment includes: a combustion
furnace (124) generating heated gas; dry distillation gas supply
pipe (101) supplying dry distillation gas (14) generated at the
inner cylinder (122) of a dry distillation device (121) to the
combustion furnace; vapor generator (125) to which a portion of the
heated gas (11) generated at the combustion furnace is supplied and
which generates waste heat gas (13) by subjecting the heated gas to
heat exchange; and discharge pipe (52), waste heat gas delivery
pipe (53), mixed gas delivery pipe (55), blower (126), mixed gas
supply pipe (56), mixed gas branching pipe (102), flow rate
adjustment valve (103), and mixed gas allocation pipe (105) which
supply and allocate, to the aforementioned inner cylinder, the
waste heat gas and low-temperature heated gas (12) generated by
indirectly heating dried coal (2) by the heated gas within the
outer cylinder (123) of the dry distillation device.
Inventors: |
Nakagawa; Keiichi; (Tokyo,
JP) ; Omoto; Setsuo; (Tokyo, JP) ; Sato;
Fumiaki; (Tokyo, JP) ; Satou; Jun; (Tokyo,
JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. |
Tokyo |
|
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES,
LTD.
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
49005789 |
Appl. No.: |
14/373573 |
Filed: |
February 21, 2013 |
PCT Filed: |
February 21, 2013 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2013/054252 |
371 Date: |
July 21, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
44/621 ;
44/629 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10B 1/10 20130101; C10L
9/08 20130101; Y02P 20/129 20151101; C10B 49/02 20130101; C10L 5/04
20130101; C10B 47/30 20130101; C10B 51/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
44/621 ;
44/629 |
International
Class: |
C10L 5/04 20060101
C10L005/04 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 24, 2012 |
JP |
2012-038518 |
Claims
1. Upgraded coal production equipment including drying means for
drying coal, pyrolysis means for performing pyrolysis on the dried
coal, and cooling means for cooling the coal subjected to the
pyrolysis, the pyrolysis means being an indirect-heating pyrolysis
device having an inner cylinder into which the dried coal is
transferred and an outer cylinder which is supplied with a heating
gas for heating the inner cylinder, characterized in that the
equipment comprises: heating gas generation means for generating
the heating gas; pyrolysis gas supply means for supplying the
heating gas generation means with a pyrolysis gas generated in the
inner cylinder; waste-heat gas generation means for receiving
supply of part of the heating gas generated in the heating gas
generation means and generating a waste-heat gas by subjecting the
heating gas to heat exchange; and mixed gas distribution supply
means for distributing and supplying, to the inner cylinder, the
waste-heat gas and a low-temperature heating gas generated when the
heating gas heats the coal indirectly inside the outer
cylinder.
2. The upgraded coal production equipment according to claim 1,
characterized in that the mixed gas distribution supply means is
connected to the inner cylinder at an inlet side of the inner
cylinder which receives the dried coal.
3. The upgraded coal production equipment according to claim 2,
characterized in that the indirect-heating pyrolysis device
includes gas temperature measurement means for measuring a gas
temperature, the gas temperature measurement means being provided
at an outlet side from which the dried coal is discharged, and the
mixed gas distribution supply means includes gas flow rate
adjustment means for adjusting a flow rate of the low-temperature
heating gas and the waste-heat gas supplied to the inner cylinder,
and control means for controlling the gas flow rate adjustment
means based on the gas temperature measured by the gas temperature
measurement means.
4. The upgraded coal production equipment according to claim 3,
characterized in that the equipment comprises a plurality of
equipment main bodies being arranged in parallel and each having
the drying means, the indirect-heating pyrolysis device, and the
cooling means.
5. A method for controlling the upgraded coal production equipment
according to claim 3, characterized in that the method comprises:
stopping supply of the coal to the inner cylinder; supplying the
low-temperature heating gas and the waste-heat gas to the inner
cylinder through control of the gas flow rate adjustment means by
the control means, and meanwhile increasing an amount of fuel
supplied to the heating gas generation means; and stopping the
supply of the low-temperature heating gas and the waste-heat gas to
the inner cylinder through control of the gas flow rate adjustment
means by the control means when the gas temperature measured by the
gas temperature measurement means falls below a predetermined
temperature.
6. A method for controlling the upgraded coal production equipment
according to claim 4, the method comprising: in the equipment main
body to be shut down, stopping supply of the coal to the inner
cylinder, and meanwhile, in the equipment main body in steady
operation, increasing an amount of the coal supplied to the inner
cylinder and increasing an amount of the heating gas supplied to
the outer cylinder; in the equipment main body to be shut down,
starting supply of the low-temperature heating gas and the
waste-heat gas to the inner cylinder through control of the gas
flow rate adjustment means by the control means; in the equipment
main body to be shut down, stopping the supply of the heating gas
to the outer cylinder when all the coal is discharged from the
inner cylinder, and meanwhile, in the equipment main body in steady
operation, bringing the supply of the heating gas to the outer
cylinder to a steady state; and in the equipment main body to be
shut down, stopping the supply of the low-temperature heating gas
and the waste-heat gas to the inner cylinder through control of the
gas flow rate adjustment means by the control means when all the
pyrolysis gas is discharged from the inner cylinder.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to upgraded coal production
equipment and a method for controlling the same, and is
particularly useful when used to upgrade coal of low rank (low-rank
coal), such as brown coal or subbituminous coal, which is porous
and has a high water content.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Coal of low rank (low-rank coal), such as brown coal or
subbituminous coal, which is porous and has a high water content
generates a low amount of heat per unit weight, and is therefore
dried through a heating treatment to have improved amount of heat
generation per unit weight.
[0003] As upgraded coal production equipment configured to perform
such upgrade of low-rank coal, there is, for example, equipment
including: an indirect-heating pyrolysis device which performs
pyrolysis on low-rank coal by heating the low-rank coal indirectly
by use of a heating gas; and a combustion furnace which generates
the heating gas by combusting a pyrolysis gas generated in the
pyrolysis device and supplied to the combustion furnace through a
pyrolysis gas supply pipe.
[0004] The pyrolysis gas described above is composed of a
low-boiling component. However, since the low-rank coal is
processed under a relatively high temperature, the pyrolysis gas is
accompanied by tar (pyrolysis oil) which is a high-boiling
component. When the pyrolysis gas is cooled, the tar is attached to
a wall surface of a duct or the like through which the pyrolysis
gas flows. When a large amount of tar is attached, a problem might
occur, such as clogging the duct. Hence, various techniques have
been developed to remove the tar.
[0005] For example, Patent Document 1 given below discloses a
decoking method for combusting and removing coke attached to the
inside of a pipe by use of a gas which is obtained by adjusting air
to have an oxygen concentration of 3 vol % to 21 vol % through
dilution with water vapor or an inert gas, and which is also
adjusted to have a temperature of 350.degree. C. to 500.degree.
C.
[0006] Patent Document 2 given below discloses a method for
performing a pyrolysis treatment on a processed object by using an
external heating kiln. In this method, an oxygen-containing gas is
supplied into an inner cylinder of the external heating kiln to
combust a carbide of organic matter in the processed object and/or
a combustible gas, which are produced by pyrolysis. Thereby, the
temperature of a pyrolysis gas increases, so that liquefaction or
solidification is prevented.
PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS
Patent Documents
[0007] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication
No. Hei 5-188653 (see, e.g., paragraphs [0013], [0017], and the
like) Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Publication
No. 2004-3738 (see, e.g., paragraphs [0011], [0014], [0015], and
the like)
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0008] By applying the decoking method described in Patent Document
1 to the upgraded coal production equipment described earlier to
directly supply the oxygen-concentration adjusted gas adjusted for
its oxygen concentration to the pyrolysis device described earlier,
tar produced during shutdown is combusted, so that attachment of
the tar to the pyrolysis device can be suppressed. However,
generating the oxygen-concentration adjusted gas from air or from
an inert gas (nitrogen or water vapor) requires an apparatus
specialized for that, and this increases costs for producing
upgraded coal. Moreover, the oxygen-concentration adjusted gas has
to be increased in temperature in advance in order for it to react
with the tar. Thus, additional energy is needed. In sum, the tar
cannot be removed efficiently.
[0009] In the method for performing a pyrolysis treatment on a
processed object by using an external heating kiln described in
Patent Document 2, the carbide itself of organic matter in the
processed object produced by the pyrolysis is combusted. Thus, when
this method is applied to the upgraded coal production equipment,
coal has to be supplied to the pyrolysis device also during
shutdown of the equipment to combust the coal itself. This entails
lower production volume of the upgraded coal.
[0010] In view of the above, the present invention has been made to
solve the problems described above, and has an objective of
providing upgraded coal production equipment and a controlling
method for the same, capable of efficient tar removal without
lowering the production volume of upgraded coal even in shutting
down the equipment.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0011] Upgraded coal production equipment according to a first
aspect of the invention for solving the above problems is upgraded
coal production equipment which includes drying means for drying
coal, pyrolysis means for performing pyrolysis on the dried coal,
and cooling means for cooling the coal subjected to the pyrolysis,
the pyrolysis means being an indirect-heating pyrolysis device
having an inner cylinder into which the dried coal is transferred
and an outer cylinder supplied with a heating gas for heating the
inner cylinder, and which is characterized in that the equipment
comprises: heating gas generation means for generating the heating
gas; pyrolysis gas supply means for supplying the heating gas
generation means with a pyrolysis gas generated in the inner
cylinder; waste-heat gas generation means for receiving supply of
part of the heating gas generated in the heating gas generation
means and generating a waste-heat gas by subjecting the heating gas
to heat exchange; and mixed gas distribution supply means for
distributing and supplying, to the inner cylinder, the waste-heat
gas and a low-temperature heating gas generated when the heating
gas heats the coal indirectly inside the outer cylinder.
[0012] Upgraded coal production equipment according to a second
aspect of the invention for solving the above problems is the
upgraded coal production equipment according to the first aspect of
the invention described above, characterized in that the mixed gas
distribution supply means is connected to the inner cylinder at an
inlet side of the inner cylinder which receives the dried coal.
[0013] Upgraded coal production equipment according to a third
aspect of the invention for solving the above problems is the
upgraded coal production equipment according to the second aspect
of the invention described above, characterized in that the
indirect-heating pyrolysis device includes gas temperature
measurement means for measuring a gas temperature, the gas
temperature measurement means being provided at an outlet side from
which the dried coal is discharged, and the mixed gas distribution
supply means includes: gas flow rate adjustment means for adjusting
a flow rate of the low-temperature heating gas and the waste-heat
gas supplied to the inner cylinder; and control means for
controlling the gas flow rate adjustment means based on the gas
temperature measured by the gas temperature measurement means.
[0014] Upgraded coal production equipment according to a fourth
aspect of the invention for solving the above problems is the
upgraded coal production equipment according to the third aspect of
the invention described above, characterized in that the equipment
comprises a plurality of equipment main bodies being arranged in
parallel and each having the drying means, the indirect-heating
pyrolysis device, and the cooling means.
[0015] A method for controlling upgraded coal production equipment
according to a fifth aspect of the invention for solving the above
problems is a method for controlling the upgraded coal production
equipment according to the third aspect of the invention described
above, characterized in that the method comprises: stopping supply
of the coal to the inner cylinder; supplying the low-temperature
heating gas and the waste-heat gas to the inner cylinder through
control of the gas flow rate adjustment means by the control means,
and meanwhile increasing an amount of fuel supplied to the heating
gas generation means; and stopping the supply of the
low-temperature heating gas and the waste-heat gas to the inner
cylinder through control of the gas flow rate adjustment means by
the control means when the gas temperature measured by the gas
temperature measurement means falls below a predetermined
temperature.
[0016] A method for controlling upgraded coal production equipment
according to a sixth aspect of the invention for solving the above
problems is a method for controlling the upgraded coal production
equipment according to the fourth aspect of the invention described
above, characterized in that the method comprises: in the equipment
main body to be shut down, stopping supply of the coal to the inner
cylinder, and meanwhile, in the equipment main body in steady
operation, increasing an amount of the coal supplied to the drying
means and increasing an amount of the heating gas supplied to the
outer cylinder; in the equipment main body to be shut down,
starting supply of the low-temperature heating gas and the
waste-heat gas to the inner cylinder through control of the gas
flow rate adjustment means by the control means; in the equipment
main body to be shut down, stopping the supply of the heating gas
to the inner cylinder when all the coal is discharged from the
inner cylinder, and meanwhile, in the equipment main body in steady
operation, bringing the supply of the heating gas to the outer
cylinder to a steady state; and in the equipment main body to be
shut down, stopping the supply of the low-temperature heating gas
and the waste-heat gas to the inner cylinder through control of the
gas flow rate adjustment means by the control means when all the
pyrolysis gas is discharged from the inner cylinder.
Effect of the Invention
[0017] According to the present invention, when the equipment is to
be shut down, the heating gas can be supplied to the
indirect-heating pyrolysis means until the coal (pyrolysis coal) is
discharged from the indirect-heating pyrolysis means, so as to
prevent tar from being newly generated by cooling of the coal. By
the supply of the low-temperature heating gas and the waste-heat
gas to the indirect-heating pyrolysis means, the indirect-heating
pyrolysis means and the pyrolysis gas supply means can be purged of
the pyrolysis gas. Hence, tar can be prevented from being attached
to the inner wall surfaces of the indirect-heating pyrolysis means
and of the pyrolysis gas supply means. Moreover, the oxygen
concentration of each of the low-temperature heating gas and the
waste-heat gas is about 2 to 3%. Thus, even if tar is attached to
the inner wall surfaces of the indirect-heating pyrolysis means and
the pyrolysis gas supply means, the tar can be combusted and
removed. Hence, even in shutting down the equipment, efficient tar
removal can be achieved without lowering the production volume of
the upgraded coal. Since the indirect-heating pyrolysis means, the
pyrolysis gas supply means, and the like do not need tar removal
work, maintenance and inspection work can be performed
efficiently.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall
configuration of upgraded coal production equipment according to a
first embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a control flow performed by the
upgraded coal production equipment according to the first
embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the overall
configuration of upgraded coal production equipment according to a
second embodiment of the present invention.
[0021] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a control flow performed by the
upgraded coal production equipment according to the second
embodiment of the present invention.
MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0022] Upgraded coal production equipment and a method for
controlling the upgraded coal production equipment according to the
present invention are described using embodiments.
Embodiment 1
[0023] Based on FIGS. 1 and 2, a description is given of upgraded
coal production equipment according to a first embodiment of the
present invention.
[0024] In upgraded coal production equipment 100 according to this
embodiment, first, as shown in FIG. 1, low-rank coal 1 such as
brown coal or subbituminous coal is supplied to a drying device 111
by a hopper or the like (not shown), the drying device 111 being
drying means for drying the low-rank coal 1. An outlet of the
drying device 111 communicates with an inlet 122a of a pyrolysis
device 121 configured to perform pyrolysis on dried coal 2. An
outlet 122b of the pyrolysis device 121 communicates with an inlet
of a cooling device 131 being cooling means for cooling pyrolysis
coal 3.
[0025] The pyrolysis device 121 has an inner cylinder 122 and an
outer cylinder 123 surrounding the inner cylinder 122. The outer
cylinder 123 is supplied with a heating gas 11 to be described
later. Thereby, the dried coal 2 supplied into the inner cylinder
122 is indirectly heated and is subjected to pyrolysis, to generate
the pyrolysis coal 3. In other words, the pyrolysis device 121 is
an indirect-heating device, such as, e.g., an external heating
kiln, in which a hot gas (heating gas) being a heat source does not
come into direct contact with the low-rank coal 1. The pyrolysis
device 121 forms indirect-heating pyrolysis means.
[0026] A gas exhaust port of the inner cylinder 122 of the
pyrolysis device 121 communicates with a gas intake port of a
combustion furnace 124 via a pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101.
Thereby, a pyrolysis gas 14 containing gaseous tar (pyrolysis oil)
generated by the pyrolysis is supplied to the gas intake port of
the combustion furnace 124. The gas intake port of the combustion
furnace 124 is also supplied with a fuel (not shown) such as a
natural gas. The combustion furnace 124 generates the heating gas
11 by combusting the pyrolysis gas 14 and the fuel such as a
natural gas. In other words, the combustion furnace 124 forms
heating gas generation means. A gas exhaust port of the combustion
furnace 124 communicates with a gas intake port of the outer
cylinder 123 of the pyrolysis device 121 via a heating gas feed
pipe 51.
[0027] The heating gas feed pipe 51 communicates with a gas intake
port of a steam generator 125 via a heating gas branch pipe 53. The
steam generator 125 forms waste-heat gas generation means for
generating a waste-heat gas 13 through heat exchange between the
heating gas 11 and water to thereby generate water vapor. A gas
exhaust port of the steam generator 125 communicates with an
exhaust pipe 52 to be described later via a waste-heat gas feed
pipe 54.
[0028] A gas exhaust port of the outer cylinder 123 of the
pyrolysis device 121 communicates with a gas intake port of an
exhaust-gas treatment device 127 via the exhaust pipe 52, the
exhaust-gas treatment device 127 being exhaust-gas purification
means for purifying the waste-heat gas 13 and a low-temperature
heating gas 12 which is generated when the heating gas 11 heats the
inner cylinder 122. The low-temperature heating gas 12 and the
waste-heat gas 13 are discharged to the outside of the system after
undergoing the purification treatment in the exhaust-gas treatment
device 127.
[0029] The exhaust pipe 52 communicates with a gas intake port of a
blower 126 via a mixed gas feed pipe 55. A gas exhaust port of the
blower 126 communicates with a gas intake port of the combustion
furnace 124 via a mixed gas supply pipe 56. The mixed gas supply
pipe 56 communicates with a mixed gas branch pipe 102. The mixed
gas branch pipe 102 communicates with a mixed gas communication
pipe 104 via a flow rate adjustment valve (three-way valve) 103,
and also communicates with a mixed gas distribution pipe 105 via
the flow rate adjustment valve 103. The mixed gas communication
pipe 104 communicates with the pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101. The
mixed gas distribution pipe 105 communicates with a gas intake port
of the inlet 122a side of the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis
device 121.
[0030] The pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101 is provided with a gas
temperature measurement instrument 106 which is gas temperature
measurement means for measuring the temperature of a gas inside the
pipe. The gas temperature measurement instrument 106 is connected
to a control device 109 such that the measured gas temperature can
be sent to the control device 109. The pyrolysis gas supply pipe
101 is provided with differential-pressure measurement instruments
107a, 107b configured to measure the differential pressure inside
the pipe. The differential-pressure measurement instruments 107a,
107b are connected to the control device 109 such that the measured
differential pressure inside the pipe can be sent to the control
device 109.
[0031] The outlet 122b of the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis
device 121 is provided with an inner-cylinder gas temperature
measurement instrument 108 which is gas temperature measurement
means for measuring the temperature of a gas inside the inner
cylinder 122. The inner-cylinder gas temperature measurement
instrument 108 is connected to the control device 109 such that the
measured gas temperature inside the inner cylinder can be sent to
the control device 109.
[0032] The exhaust pipe 52, the waste-heat gas feed pipe 54, the
mixed gas feed pipe 55, the blower 126, the mixed gas supply pipe
56, the mixed gas branch pipe 102, the flow rate adjustment valve
103, the mixed gas distribution pipe 105, and the like form mixed
gas distribution supply means. The flow rate adjustment valve 103
forms gas flow rate adjustment means for adjusting the amount of
the low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13
supplied to the pyrolysis device 121.
[0033] Based on the measurement values obtained by the various
measurement instruments, the control device 109 controls the flow
rate adjustment valve 103, the amount of fuel supplied to the
combustion furnace 124, the amount of the low-rank coal 1 supplied
to the drying device 111, the amount of the heating gas 11 supplied
to the pyrolysis device 121, and the like. In other words, the
control device 109 forms control means for adjusting the valve
position of the flow rate adjustment valve 103 and the like based
on the measurement values obtained by the various measurement
instruments.
[0034] In the upgraded coal production equipment 100 according to
this embodiment thus configured, when the low-rank coal 1 is
charged into the hopper, the hopper supplies the low-rank coal 1 at
a room temperature to the drying device 111 a predetermined amount
at a time. The low-rank coal 1 supplied to the drying device 111 is
removed of water and becomes the dried coal 2 by being heated up to
about 200.degree. C. by a drying combustion gas (about 150 to
300.degree. C.) from a drying combustor (not shown). Then, the
dried coal 2 is transferred into the inner cylinder 122 of the
pyrolysis device 121. The dried coal 2 transferred to the pyrolysis
device 121 is subjected to pyrolysis by being indirectly heated by
the heating gas 11 (gas temperature: about 1050.degree. C., oxygen
concentration: about 2 to 3%) from the combustion furnace 124.
Thereby, the dried coal 2 becomes the pyrolysis coal 3 as a result
of removal of components such as the pyrolysis gas 14 containing
gaseous tar, and the pyrolysis coal 3 is fed to the cooling device
131. The pyrolysis coal 3 fed to the cooling device 131 becomes
upgraded coal 4 by being cooled down to about 50.degree. C.
[0035] Meanwhile, the heating gas 11 (gas temperature: about
1050.degree. C., oxygen concentration: about 2 to 3%) generated in
the combustion furnace 124 is fed to the outer cylinder 123 of the
pyrolysis device 121 via the heating gas feed pipe 51. The heating
gas 11 used inside the outer cylinder 123 to heat the inner
cylinder 122 becomes the low-temperature heating gas 12 (gas
temperature: about 350.degree. C., oxygen concentration: about 2 to
3%). The low-temperature heating gas 12 is fed to the exhaust pipe
52. Meanwhile, the heating gas 11 is also fed to the steam
generator 125 via the heating gas feed pipe 51 and the heating gas
branch pipe 53. The heating gas 11 used in the steam generator 125
for generation of water vapor becomes the waste-heat gas 13 (gas
temperature: about 350.degree. C., oxygen concentration: about 2 to
3%). The waste-heat gas 13 is fed to the exhaust pipe 52 via the
waste-heat gas feed pipe 54.
[0036] Part of the low-temperature heating gas 12 and the
waste-heat gas 13 is supplied to the exhaust-gas treatment device
127. The low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13
undergo the purification treatment in the exhaust-gas treatment
device 127 and are then discharged to the outside of the system.
The rest of the low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat
gas 13 (gas temperature: about 350.degree. C., oxygen
concentration: about 2 to 3%) is fed to the blower 126 via the
mixed gas feed pipe 55.
[0037] Part of the low-temperature heating gas 12 and the
waste-heat gas 13 fed to the blower 126 is supplied to the
combustion furnace 124 via the mixed gas supply pipe 56. The rest
of the low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13
(gas temperature: about 350.degree. C., oxygen concentration: about
2 to 3%) fed to the blower 126 is supplied to the mixed gas branch
pipe 102. The rest of the low-temperature heating gas 12 and the
waste-heat gas 13 (gas temperature: about 350.degree. C., oxygen
concentration: about 2 to 3%) supplied to the mixed gas branch pipe
102 is supplied to the pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101 via the flow
rate adjustment valve 103 and the mixed gas communication pipe 104,
or supplied to the inlet 122a side of the inner cylinder 122 of the
pyrolysis device 121 via the flow rate adjustment valve 103 and the
mixed gas distribution pipe 105.
[0038] The valve position of the flow rate adjustment valve 103 is
controlled by the control device 109 based on the gas temperature
measured by the gas temperature measurement instrument 106. For
example, the control device 109 adjusts the flow rate adjustment
valve 103 by opening it to increase the aperture when the gas
temperature measured by the gas temperature measurement instrument
106 is equal to or higher than 400.degree. C., and adjusts the flow
rate adjustment valve 103 by narrowing it when the gas temperature
exceeds 550.degree. C. Thereby, the low-temperature heating gas 12
and the waste-heat gas 13 (oxygen concentration: about 2 to 3%) are
mixed with the pyrolysis gas 14 (gas temperature: about 400.degree.
C., oxygen concentration: about 0%), and this mixed gas has an
oxygen concentration adjusted to about 1 to 2%. As a result,
gaseous tar (pyrolysis oil) is oxidatively decomposed (decoking) to
become light in weight, and thereby attachment of the tar to the
pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101 can be prevented. The tar is reduced
in weight to become a light gas, and this light gas is combusted.
Thus, decrease in the gas temperature is prevented. Thereby,
attachment of the tar to the pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101 can be
prevented. Specifically, the decoking is performed just when the
tar is about to be attached to the inner wall surface of the
pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101 by adjustment of the amount of the
low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13 supplied
to the pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101 based on the gas temperature
inside the pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101. Hence, the tar can be
efficiently removed.
[0039] With reference to FIG. 2, a description is given of
operation performed when shutting down the upgraded coal production
equipment 100 according to this embodiment configured as above.
[0040] As shown in FIG. 2, first, the upgraded coal production
equipment 100 is in steady operation (Step SA1). To shut down this
upgraded coal production equipment 100, transfer of the dried coal
2 to the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 is stopped
(Step SA2).
[0041] Next, the flow proceeds to Step SA3 as well as to Step SA11.
In Step SA11, since the dried coal 2 is not newly transferred to
the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121, the amount of
the pyrolysis gas 14 generated decreases. The decrease in the
generated amount of the pyrolysis gas 14 results in a decreased
amount of the pyrolysis gas 14 supplied to the combustion furnace
124. However, by increasing the amount of fuel, such as a natural
gas, supplied to the combustion furnace 124 to increase the amount
of additional gas to be supplied to the combustion furnace 124,
decrease in the gas temperature and generated amount of the heating
gas 11 can be suppressed. In sum, the amount of additional gas to
be supplied to the combustion furnace is increased (Step SA12).
Thereafter, all the pyrolysis coal 3 is discharged from the
pyrolysis device 121 (Step SA13). This means that the pyrolysis
device 121 generates no more pyrolysis gas 14.
[0042] Meanwhile, in Step SA3, the control device 109 adjusts the
flow rate adjustment valve 103 to start supply of the
low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13 to the
inlet 122a side of the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device
121 via the mixed gas distribution pipe 105. In other words, the
low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13 are
forcibly supplied into the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis
device 121 from the inlet 122a side thereof. Thereby, the inner
cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 and the pyrolysis gas
supply pipe 101 are purged of the pyrolysis gas 14.
[0043] Subsequently, since all the pyrolysis coal 3 is discharged
from the inside of the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device
121, no pyrolysis gas 14 is generated by the indirect heating of
the dried coal 2. As a result, no pyrolysis gas 14 is supplied to
the combustion furnace 124. Thus, the amount of additional gas to
be supplied to the combustion furnace 124 is decreased (Step SA4).
This consequently decreases the gas temperature and generated
amount of the heating gas 11 generated in the combustion furnace
124 (Step SA5).
[0044] Next, since the heating gas 11 which is less in amount and
lower in temperature than in the steady operation is supplied to
the outer cylinder 123 of the pyrolysis device 121, the temperature
of the pyrolysis device 121 decreases (Step SA6). This consequently
decreases the temperature of the low-temperature heating gas 12
itself and also the temperature of the waste-heat gas 13 (Step
SA7).
[0045] Then, the flow proceeds to Step SA8 in which the control
device 109 makes a judgment based on the gas temperature inside the
inner cylinder measured by the inner-cylinder gas temperature
measurement instrument 108. When the gas temperature near the
outlet 122b of the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121
is higher than 300.degree. C., the flow returns to Step SA4. On the
other hand, when the gas temperature near the outlet 122b of the
inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 is equal to or lower
than 300.degree. C., the flow proceeds to Step SA9 in which the
control device 109 controls the flow rate adjustment valve 103 to
close the flow rate adjustment valve 103. In other words, supply of
the low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13 to the
inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 is stopped.
[0046] Hence, in the upgraded coal production equipment 100
according to this embodiment, in shutting down the equipment, the
low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13 are
supplied to the inlet 122a side of the inner cylinder 122 of the
pyrolysis device 121 to forcibly discharge the pyrolysis gas 14
inside the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 and
inside the pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101. Moreover, this pyrolysis
gas 14 is combusted in the combustion furnace 124.
[0047] Further, since the oxygen concentration of the
low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13 is about 2
to 3%, tar can be oxidatively decomposed to become light in weight.
The gas thus reduced in weight flows the combustion furnace 124 and
combusted inside the combustion furnace 124. Even if tar is
attached to the inner wall surface of the inner cylinder 122 of the
pyrolysis device 121 or the inner wall surface of the pyrolysis gas
supply pipe 101, the tar can be removed by combustion.
[0048] Thus, even in shutting down the equipment, tar can be
efficiently removed without lowering the production volume of the
upgraded coal 4. In addition, since tar can be prevented from being
attached to the inner wall surfaces of the inner cylinder 122 of
the pyrolysis device 121 and the pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101,
maintenance and inspection work can be efficiently performed.
Embodiment 2
[0049] Based on FIGS. 3, 4A, and 4B, upgraded coal production
equipment according to a second embodiment of the present invention
is described.
[0050] As shown in FIG. 3, the upgraded coal production equipment
according to this embodiment includes three upgraded coal
production equipment main bodies 100A, 100B, and 100C arranged in
parallel. Like the upgraded coal production equipment 100 according
to the first embodiment described above, the upgraded coal
production equipment main bodies 100A, 100B, and 100C each include
a drying device 111, a pyrolysis device 121, and a cooling device
131.
[0051] Like the upgraded coal production equipment 100 according to
the first embodiment described above, the upgraded coal production
equipment according to this embodiment includes one combustion
furnace 124, one blower 126, and one exhaust-gas treatment device
127. A gas exhaust port of the blower 126 communicates with a gas
intake port of the combustion furnace 124 via a mixed gas supply
pipe 56. A gas exhaust port of the combustion furnace 124
communicates with an outer cylinder 123 of a pyrolysis device 121
of each of the equipment main bodies 100A, 100B, and 100C via a
corresponding one of heating gas feed pipes 51a to 51c.
[0052] The heating gas feed pipes 51a to 51c communicate with gas
intake ports of steam generators 125 via heating gas branch pipes
53a to 53c, respectively. Gas exhaust ports of the steam generators
125 communicate with waste-heat gas feed pipes 54a to 54c,
respectively.
[0053] Gas exhaust ports of the outer cylinders 123 of the
pyrolysis devices 121 communicate with exhaust pipes 52a to 52c,
respectively. Part of a waste-heat gas 13 and a low-temperature
heating gas 12 which is generated when a heating gas 11 heats inner
cylinders 122 is supplied via waste-heat gas feed pipe 54a to 54c
or the exhaust pipes 52a to 52c to the exhaust-gas treatment device
127 being exhaust gas purification means for performing
purification treatment on the low-temperature heating gas 12 and
the waste-heat gas 13, and is discharged to the outside of the
system after undergoing the purification treatment in the
exhaust-gas treatment device 127. The rest of the low-temperature
heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13 is supplied to the blower
126 via the exhaust pipes 52a to 52c or the waste-heat gas feed
pipes 54a to 54c and the mixed gas feed pipe 55.
[0054] Gas exhaust ports of the inner cylinders 122 of the
pyrolysis devices 121 communicate with gas intake ports of the
combustion furnace 124 via pyrolysis gas supply pipes 101a to 101c,
respectively.
[0055] The mixed gas supply pipe 56 communicates with mixed gas
branch pipes 102a to 102c. The mixed gas branch pipes 102a to 102c
communicate with mixed gas communication pipes 104a to 104c via
flow rate adjustment valves (three-way valves) 103a to 103c,
respectively, and also communicate with mixed gas distribution
pipes 105a to 105c via the flow rate adjustment valves 103a to
103c, respectively. The mixed gas communication pipes 104a to 104c
communicate with the pyrolysis gas supply pipes 101a to 101c,
respectively. The mixed gas distribution pipes 105a to 105c
communicate with gas intake ports of the inlet 122a side of the
inner cylinders 122 of the pyrolysis devices 121, respectively.
[0056] The pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101a is provided with a gas
temperature measurement instrument 106 being gas temperature
measurement means for measuring the gas temperature inside the
pipe. The gas temperature measurement instrument 106 is connected
to the control device 109 such that the measured gas temperature
can be sent to the control device 109. Like the pyrolysis gas
supply pipe 101a, the pyrolysis gas supply pipes 101b and 101c are
each provided with a gas temperature measurement instrument (not
shown), as well. These gas temperature measurement instruments are
also connected to the control device 109 such that the gas
temperature measured by the gas temperature measurement instruments
can be sent to the control device 109.
[0057] The pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101a is provided with the
differential-pressure measurement instruments 107a, 107b configured
to measure the differential pressure in the pipe. The
differential-pressure measurement instruments 107a, 107b are
connected to the control device 109 such that the measured
differential pressure in the pipe can be sent to the control device
109. Like the pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101a, the pyrolysis gas
supply pipes 101b and 101c are each provided with
differential-pressure measurement instruments (not shown), as well.
These differential-pressure measurement instruments are also
connected to the control device 109 such that the differential
pressure in the pipe measured by the differential-pressure
measurement instruments can be sent to the control device 109.
[0058] The outlet 122b of the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis
device 121 of the equipment main body 100A is provided with an
inner-cylinder gas temperature measurement instrument 108
configured to measure the temperature of the gas inside the inner
cylinder 122. The inner-cylinder gas temperature measurement
instrument 108 is connected to the control device 109 such that the
measured temperature of the gas inside the inner cylinder can be
sent to the control device 109. Like the equipment main body 100A,
the outlet 122b of the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device
121 of each of the equipment main bodies 100B and 100C is also
provided with an inner-cylinder gas temperature measurement
instrument (not shown) configured to measure the temperature of the
gas inside the inner cylinder 122. These inner-cylinder gas
temperature measurement instruments are also connected to the
control device 109 such that the measured temperature of gas inside
the inner cylinder can be sent to the control device 109.
[0059] The exhaust pipes 52a to 52c, the waste-heat gas feed pipes
54a to 54c, the mixed gas feed pipe 55, the blower 126, the mixed
gas supply pipe 56, the mixed gas branch pipes 102a to 102c, the
flow rate adjustment valves 103a to 103c, the mixed gas
distribution pipes 105a to 105c, and the like form mixed gas
distribution supply means. The flow rate adjustment valves 103a to
103c form gas flow rate adjustment means for adjusting the amount
of the low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13
supplied to the pyrolysis devices 121 of the equipment main bodies
100A, 100B, and 100C, respectively.
[0060] Based on the measurement values of the various measurement
instruments, the control device 109 controls the flow rate
adjustment valves 103a to 103c, the amount of fuel supplied to the
combustion furnace 124, the amount of the low-rank coal 1 supplied
to the drying device 111 of each of the equipment main bodies 100A,
100B, and 100C, the amount of the heating gas 11 supplied to the
pyrolysis device 121 of each of the equipment main bodies 100A,
100B, and 100C, and the like. In other words, the control device
109 forms control means for adjusting the valve positions of the
flow rate adjustment valves 103a to 103c and the like based on the
measurement values obtained by the various measurement
instruments.
[0061] In the upgraded coal production equipment according to this
embodiment thus configured, the operation for performing control to
prevent attachment of tar to the pyrolysis gas supply pipes 101a,
101b, and 101c during the steady operation is the same as that
performed by the upgraded coal production equipment 100 according
to the first embodiment described above, and is therefore not
described again here.
[0062] With reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B, operation performed when
a upgraded coal production equipment main body of the upgraded coal
production equipment according to this embodiment is shut down and
then returns to a steady operation state.
[0063] In a case described, while the upgraded coal production
equipment main bodies 100E and 100C are in a steady operation
state, the upgraded coal production equipment main body 100A is
shut down and then returns to the steady operation state.
[0064] As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, first, the upgraded coal
production equipment main body 100A is in steady operation (Step
SB1). The upgraded coal production equipment main bodies 100B and
100C are also in steady operation (Step SC1).
[0065] To shut down the upgraded coal production equipment main
body 100A, transfer of the dried coal 2 to the inner cylinder 122
of the pyrolysis device 121 is stopped (Step SB2). Since this
decreases the amount of the dried coal 2 inside the inner cylinder
122 of the pyrolysis device 121 of the equipment main body 100A,
the amount of the heating gas 11 supplied from the combustion
furnace 124 to the outer cylinder 123 of the pyrolysis device 121
is decreased (Step SB3). Thus, thermal load in the pyrolysis device
121 of the equipment main body 100A decreases. Meanwhile, in the
equipment main bodies 100B and 100C, the amount of the dried coal 2
transferred to the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121
of each of the equipment main bodies 100E and 100C is increased
(Step SC2). Since this increases the amount of the dried coal 2
inside the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 of each
of the equipment main bodies 100E and 100C, the amount of the
heating gas 11 supplied from the combustion furnace 124 to the
outer cylinder 123 of each pyrolysis device 121 is increased (Step
SC3). Thus, thermal load in the pyrolysis device 121 of each of the
equipment main bodies 100E and 100C increases.
[0066] Subsequently, the control device 109 adjusts the flow rate
adjustment valve 103a to supply the low-temperature heating gas 12
and the waste-heat gas 13 to the inlet 122a side of the inner
cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 via the mixed gas
distribution pipe 105a (Step SB4). By the low-temperature heating
gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13, the inner cylinder 122 of the
pyrolysis device 121 and the pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101a of the
equipment main body 100A are purged of the pyrolysis gas 14.
Moreover, the oxygen concentration of the gas inside the inner
cylinder 122 and the pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101a becomes about 1
to 2%, so that the tar is oxidatively decomposed to be reduced in
weight. Then, the light gas obtained by the weight reduction is
combusted. Hence, attachment of the tar to the wall surface of the
inner cylinder 122 and the wall surface of the pyrolysis gas supply
pipe 101a is prevented.
[0067] Subsequently, all the pyrolysis coal 3 is discharged from
the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 of the equipment
main body 100A (Step SB5), and the supply of the heating gas 11 to
the outer cylinder 123 of the pyrolysis device 121 of the equipment
main body 100A is stopped (Step SB6). Consequently, thermal load in
the pyrolysis device 121 of the equipment main body 100A decreases.
Meanwhile, in the equipment main bodies 100B and 100C, the supply
of the heating gas 11 to the outer cylinder 123 of the pyrolysis
device 121 of each of the equipment main bodies 100E and 100C is
brought to the steady state (Step SC4). Thereby, the pyrolysis
device 121 of each of the equipment main bodies 100E and 100C
maintains the state of the increased thermal load.
[0068] Next, in the equipment main body 100A, when a predetermined
period of time elapses after the stop of the supply of the heating
gas 11 to the outer cylinder 123 of the pyrolysis device 121 of the
equipment main body 100A (Step SB7), the pyrolysis gas 14 is no
longer in the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 and
the pyrolysis gas supply pipe 101a of the equipment main body 100A,
and therefore no more supply of the low-temperature heating gas 12
and the waste-heat gas 13 is necessary. Thus, the supply of the
low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13 to the
inlet 122a side of the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device
121 of the equipment main body 100A is stopped (Step SB8). In this
Step SB8, work such as maintenance and inspection is performed on
the equipment main body 100A when necessary.
[0069] Next, once the work such as maintenance and inspection is
finished, to bring the equipment main body 100A back to the steady
operation state, first, in the equipment main body 100A, transfer
of the dried coal 2 from the drying device 111 into the inner
cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 is started (Step SB9).
Thereby, the amount of the dried coal 2 inside the inner cylinder
122 of the pyrolysis device 121 of the equipment main body 100A
increases. Thus, the amount of the heating gas 11 supplied from the
combustion furnace 124 to the outer cylinder 123 of the pyrolysis
device 121 is increased (Step SB10). Thereby, thermal load in the
pyrolysis device 121 of the equipment main body 100A increases.
Meanwhile, in the equipment main bodies 100E and 100C, the amount
of the dried coal 2 transferred to the inner cylinder 122 of the
pyrolysis device 121 of each of the equipment main bodies 100E and
100C is decreased (Step SC5). Since this decreases the amount of
the dried coal 2 inside the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis
device 121 of each of the equipment main bodies 100E and 100C, the
amount of the heating gas 11 supplied from the combustion furnace
124 to the outer cylinder 123 of each pyrolysis device 121 is
decreased (Step SC6). Consequently, thermal load in the pyrolysis
device 121 of each of the equipment main bodies 100E and 100C
decreases.
[0070] Thereafter, when the amount of the dried coal 2 supplied to
the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 of the equipment
main body 100A reaches a predetermined amount and also when the
amount of the heating gas 11 supplied to the outer cylinder 123 of
the pyrolysis device 121 reaches a predetermined amount, the
equipment main body 100A is back in the steady operation state
(Step SB11). Meanwhile, when the amount of the dried coal 2
supplied to the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 of
each of the equipment main bodies 100E and 100C reaches a
predetermined amount and also when the amount of the heating gas 11
supplied to the outer cylinder 123 of each pyrolysis device 121
reaches a predetermined amount, the equipment main bodies 100E and
100C are also back in the steady operation state (Step SC7).
[0071] In a case of shutting down the equipment main body 100B or
the equipment main body 100C, operation according to the procedures
as described for the equipment main body 100A above can also
prevent attachment of tar to the inner wall surfaces of the inner
cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 and the pyrolysis gas
supply pipe 101b or 101c of the equipment main body 100B or 100C.
In other words, by performing the above-described operation
sequentially on equipment main bodies to be shut down, tar can be
efficiently removed in each equipment main body to be shut down,
while suppressing lowering of the operating rate of the entire
upgraded coal production equipment.
[0072] Hence, in the upgraded coal production equipment of this
embodiment, like the upgraded coal production equipment 100
according to the first embodiment described above, to shut down an
equipment main body, the low-temperature heating gas 12 and the
waste-heat gas 13 are supplied to the inlet 122a side of the inner
cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 of the equipment main body
to be shut down, in order to forcibly discharge the pyrolysis gas
14 inside the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis device 121 and
inside the pyrolysis gas supply pipe. This pyrolysis gas 14 is
combusted in the combustion furnace 124.
[0073] Further, since the oxygen concentration of the
low-temperature heating gas 12 and the waste-heat gas 13 is about 2
to 3%, tar can be oxidatively decomposed to become light in weight.
The gas thus reduced in weight flows the combustion furnace 124 and
is combusted inside the combustion furnace 124. Even if tar is
attached to the inner wall surface of the inner cylinder 122 of the
pyrolysis device 121 or the inner wall surface of the pyrolysis gas
supply pipe, the tar can be removed by the combustion.
[0074] Thus, even in shutting down an equipment main body, tar can
be efficiently removed without lowering the production volume of
the upgraded coal 4. In addition, since tar can be prevented from
being attached to the inner wall surfaces of the inner cylinder 122
of the pyrolysis device 121 and the pyrolysis gas supply pipe,
maintenance and inspection work can be efficiently performed.
Other Embodiments
[0075] Although the upgraded coal production equipment described
above has three upgraded coal production equipment main bodies
100A, 100B, and 100C arranged in parallel, the number of the
upgraded coal production equipment main bodies is not limited to
three, but the upgraded coal production equipment may have two or
four or more upgraded coal production equipment main bodies
arranged in parallel.
[0076] The upgraded coal production equipment described above is
configured to stop supply of the low-temperature heating gas 12 and
the waste-heat gas 13 to the inner cylinder 122 of the pyrolysis
device 121 of the equipment main body 100A based on a period of
time elapsed after the stop of the supply of the heating gas 11 to
the outer cylinder 123 of the pyrolysis device 121 of the equipment
main body 100A. The upgraded coal production equipment can also
stop the supply of the low-temperature heating gas and the
waste-heat gas to the inner cylinder of the pyrolysis device of the
equipment main body to be shut down, based on measurement values
obtained by measurement instruments, such as the
differential-pressure measurement instruments 107a, 107b, of the
equipment main body to be shut down.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0077] The upgraded coal production equipment and the method for
controlling the same according to the present invention can remove
tar efficiently without lowering the production volume of upgraded
coal even in shutting down the equipment, and can therefore be
utilized significantly beneficially in various industries.
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0078] 1 low-rank coal [0079] 2 dried coal [0080] 3 pyrolysis coal
[0081] 4 upgraded coal [0082] 11 heating gas [0083] 12
low-temperature heating gas [0084] 13 waste-heat gas [0085] 14
pyrolysis gas [0086] 51, 51a to 51c heating gas feed pipe [0087]
52, 52a to 52c exhaust pipe [0088] 53, 53a to 53c heating gas
branch pipe [0089] 54, 54a to 54c waste-heat gas feed pipe [0090]
55 mixed gas feed pipe [0091] 56 mixed gas supply pipe [0092] 100
upgraded coal production equipment [0093] 100A, 100B, 100C upgraded
coal production equipment main body [0094] 101, 101a to 101c
pyrolysis gas supply pipe [0095] 102, 102a to 102c mixed gas branch
pipe [0096] 103, 103a to 103c flow rate adjustment valve (three-way
valve) [0097] 104, 104a to 104c mixed gas communication pipe [0098]
105, 105a to 105c mixed gas distribution pipe [0099] 106 gas
temperature measurement instrument [0100] 107a, 107b differential
pressure measurement instrument [0101] 108 inner-cylinder gas
temperature measurement instrument [0102] 109 control device [0103]
111 drying device [0104] 121 pyrolysis device [0105] 122 inner
cylinder [0106] 123 outer cylinder [0107] 124 combustion furnace
[0108] 125 steam generator [0109] 126 blower [0110] 127 exhaust gas
treatment device [0111] 131 cooling device
* * * * *