U.S. patent application number 14/287793 was filed with the patent office on 2014-12-04 for systems and methods for photovoltaic vehicle operation.
This patent application is currently assigned to E-CAR SOLAR LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is E-Car Solar LLC. Invention is credited to John Marks.
Application Number | 20140358342 14/287793 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51986029 |
Filed Date | 2014-12-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140358342 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Marks; John |
December 4, 2014 |
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC VEHICLE OPERATION
Abstract
The invention provides an electrical vehicle power system that
compares power use to anticipated need and regulates power use so
that the anticipated need is satisfied by available power, thus
ensuring ample power for a user to complete an activity such as
playing a round of golf. The system uses a controller coupled to a
photovoltaic cell on a golf car in a lightweight and durable solar
roof apparatus that can retrofit to existing cars.
Inventors: |
Marks; John; (Laguna Beach,
CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
E-Car Solar LLC |
Laguna Beach |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
E-CAR SOLAR LLC
Laguna Beach
CA
|
Family ID: |
51986029 |
Appl. No.: |
14/287793 |
Filed: |
May 27, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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29456624 |
May 31, 2013 |
D707623 |
|
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14287793 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
701/22 ;
180/2.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y02T 10/7083 20130101;
B60L 8/003 20130101; B60K 16/00 20130101; Y02T 10/90 20130101; Y02T
10/7072 20130101; B60K 2016/003 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
701/22 ;
180/2.2 |
International
Class: |
B60L 8/00 20060101
B60L008/00; B60K 16/00 20060101 B60K016/00 |
Claims
1. A golf car power system comprising: a golf car made available
for use at a golf course; a photovoltaic cell mounted on the golf
car; a controller system comprising a power management device
electrically coupled to the cell and a processor coupled to a
non-transitory memory and having stored therein information about
power required for the golf car to operate for a duration of a
round of golf at the golf course; and a motor to drive the golf
car.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller system is operable
to compare present power use to the information about the power
required and regulate the motor so that an amount of power
remaining is at least as great as an anticipated amount of power
required to complete the round of golf.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the power management device
comprises a maximum power point tracking device, and wherein
regulating the motor includes limiting power consumption of the
golf car.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the information about the power
required comprises an average distance travelled per typical round
of golf, and wherein present power use is determined by tracking
cumulative distance traveled in the round of golf at the golf
course.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the connection with the external
power system can provide power from the external system to the golf
car and provide power from the golf car to the external system.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller system comprises a
communication device operable to exchange data about the power
system with a system management server computer.
7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a display device
operable to show an amount of power remaining.
8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a positioning device
on the golf car operable to provide information to the controller
system showing a present location of the golf car.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the information about the power
required stored in the controller system includes a digital map of
the golf course.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller system has stored
therein a plurality of maps of different golf courses that includes
a map that represents the golf course, wherein the information
about the power required indicates which map represents the golf
course.
11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a power jack on the
golf car for providing power to a personal electronic device.
12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a connection point
for making a connection with an external power system.
13. A power management method for a golf car, the method
comprising: obtaining power for a golf car during a round of golf
at a predetermined golf course through the use of a photovoltaic
power system on the golf car: tracking a distance driven by the
golf car during the round of golf; comparing the tracked distance
to an average total distance associated with the predetermined golf
course using the power system on the golf car; and regulating power
consumption of the golf car, using the power system, so that the
golf car will not run out of power until it has driven the average
total distance.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the power system comprises: a
photovoltaic cell, a battery, a motor, a maximum point power
tracking device, a processor, and a non-tangible computer-readable
storage medium having stored therein information about the
predetermined golf course.
15. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing surplus
power from the golf car to a local grid at the predetermined golf
course.
16. The method of claim 13, further comprising displaying an amount
of power remaining via a display gauge.
17. A power management system for a golf course, the system
comprising: a local electrical grid system installed at a golf
course and comprising at least one connection to an external
municipal power system, at least one battery system, and at least
one charging station; a plurality of golf cars, each comprising a
photovoltaic cell and a jack connectable to the charging station; a
system management server computer comprising a processor coupled to
a non-transitory memory device containing instructions executable
by the processer to cause the server computer to monitor power
consumption in the plurality of golf cars, wherein each of the
plurality of golf cars captures power via its photovoltaic cell,
provides surplus power to the at least one battery system at a time
when it is connected to the charging station and fully charged, and
draws power from the at least battery system at a time when it is
connected to the charging station and not fully charged.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein each golf car comprises a
controller system comprising a power management device electrically
coupled to the cell; a processor; and a memory device having stored
therein information unique to the golf course, wherein the
controller system uses the information unique to the golf course to
regulate power use so that the golf car is operable for a duration
of a round of golf on the golf course.
19. The system of claim 17, wherein the local electrical grid
system is operable to provide surplus local grid power to the
external municipal power system and the server computer is operable
to provide a statement of an amount of surplus local grid power
provided to the external municipal power system.
20. The system of claim 17, wherein each golf car comprises a
controller system comprising a power management device, a computer
having stored therein information unique to the golf course, and a
display showing power remaining, wherein the controller system uses
the information unique to the golf course and the power remaining
to modulate power consumption.
21. A solar apparatus for a golf car, the apparatus comprising: a
roof member with support legs for connection to a golf car; a
photovoltaic cell on a top surface of the roof member; and a
connection jack to electrically connect the photovoltaic cell to an
electrical system of the golf car.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising rain gutters to
direct rain away from the photovoltaic cell and occupants of the
golf car.
23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the support legs are
configured to mate to pre-determined mounting points of a specified
model of golf car.
24. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising a maximum power
point tracking device installed within the apparatus between the
photovoltaic cell and the connection jack.
25. The apparatus of claim 24, further comprising a gauge disposed
on the apparatus and configured to display information about
electrical power available to the golf car.
26. The apparatus of claim 24, further comprising a meter device
configured to measure a distance that the golf car has been
driven.
27. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising at least one USB
port to provide electricity to a device when the device is plugged
into the USB port.
28. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising an external jack
for making a connection to a charging station, and operable to
provide and receive electrical power through the connection.
29. The apparatus of claim 21, further comprising a computer having
stored therein information unique to at least one predetermined
golf course and operable to limit output of a motor on the cart if
the cart's usage at full speed will exceed an available amount of
energy.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
application Ser. No. 29/456,624, filed May 31, 2013, the contents
of which are incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to management and use of solar power
for golf cars at a golf course.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Golfers dislike being stranded by a golf car that stops
working unexpectedly. This causes employees of the facility (who
are typically busy doing other things) to have to find a fully
charged car and tow it out with another charged car to the place
where the customers are abandoned. Pace of play on the golf course
is stopped during this process backing up golfers for many holes.
Then all the items in the dead car are needed to be transferred to
the charged car (if the course even has one available) and the dead
car is towed back the charging barn. Since golf courses are
businesses that will not succeed if they create misery for their
customers, they will not adopt golf cars that cease to work out on
the course. This reluctance is in tension with increasing consumer
demand for environmentally friendly products and services that do
not burn through fossil fuels and pollute the air.
[0004] U.S. Pub. 2011/0210693 to Reichart reports a method of
powering a golf car with solar energy and claims to provide 9 hours
of power to a golf car. Unfortunately, this method only provides
200 watts and requires unstated assumptions to be true--that there
will be no other drain on the power supply, that the golf course is
of typical size with no remarkable hills or other features that
would tax the motor, and that management will carefully log
charging times and always provide every golfer with a fully charged
car.
[0005] U.S. Pub. 2013/0335002 to Moore and U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,062
to Fronek report solar vehicles but neither makes any provision for
ensuring adequate power to play 18 holes. Golf courses may not
adopt the reported vehicles and methods since their circumstances
may cause those vehicles to run out of power and stop working
unexpectedly, leaving unhappy golfers, far from the parking lot and
club house, stranded in the sun their heavy golf bags with until a
fresh cart arrives, at a tremendous cost to the facility.
SUMMARY
[0006] The invention provides an electrical vehicle power system
that compares power use to anticipated need and regulates power use
so that the anticipated need is satisfied by available power, thus
ensuring ample power for a user to complete an activity such as
playing a round of golf. The system uses a controller coupled to a
photovoltaic cell on a golf car in a lightweight and durable solar
roof apparatus that can retrofit to existing carts. The golf car is
provided for use at a specific golf course and the controller uses
information about power demands unique to that golf course to
regulate power to the motor to ensure that the golf car completes a
round of golf. Since the system is frugal with electricity only
when it needs to be--e.g., on cloudy days or at golf courses with
many steep hills to climb--the golf car can make surplus
electricity available at times, which can be used for powering
personal electronic devices or even can be fed back into the grid.
The invention may include infrastructure installed at a golf course
to manage electricity for numerous golf cars. Since each cart has a
photovoltaic cell and a power controller that can use a power
demand map unique to that golf course, the carts will not strand
golfers out on the course and will even supply surplus power back
into the system when available. Furthermore, through use of the
solar roof apparatus, a golf course can retrofit their fleet of
carts to minimize their energy costs and even sell power back to
the utility commission without having to purchase an entire new
fleet. This additionally allows the facility to purchase more cars
to service customers. Thus systems and methods of the invention may
provide considerable savings to a golf course in energy bills and
will provide golfers with reliable carts that do not leave them
stranded. Moreover, consumer sensitivity to environmental
considerations is a driver of loyalty. Since a golf course will
save on its energy bills while also retaining and growing a base of
satisfied customers, systems and methods of the invention provide
significant long-term improvements to the bottom line for a golf
course.
[0007] In certain aspects, the invention provides a golf car power
system that includes a golf car made available for use at a golf
course, a photovoltaic cell mounted on the golf car (preferably
integrated into the roof the car), and a controller system. The
controller system includes a power management device electrically
coupled to the cell and a processor coupled to a non-transitory
memory and optionally having stored therein information about power
required for the golf car to operate for a duration of a round of
golf at the golf course.
[0008] Preferably the controller system is operable to compare
present power use to the information about the power required and
regulate the motor so that an amount of power remaining is at least
as great as an anticipated amount of power required to complete the
round of golf. The power management device may include a maximum
power point tracking device, and regulating the motor can be done
by limiting a maximum speed of the golf car.
[0009] The information about the power required can use an average
distance travelled per typical round of golf. Present power use may
be determined by tracking cumulative distance traveled in the round
of golf at the golf course. The connection with the external power
system can provide power from the external system to the golf car
and provide power from the golf car to the external system.
[0010] In some embodiments, the controller system has a
communication device operable to exchange data about the power
system with a system management server computer. The system can
include an "electricity gas gauge"--a display visible to a driver
of the golf car that shows an amount of power remaining. The system
may include a positioning device (e.g., a GPS device or barcodes
and readers on the course) on the golf car to provide information
to the controller system showing a present location of the golf
car. The system may include the locationing system described in
U.S. Pub. 2004/0243262 to Hofmann, the contents of which are
incorporated by reference.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the information about the power
required stored in the controller system includes a digital map of
the golf course. The cart includes, in computer memory, a map. Map
can mean a digital representation of a spatial layout of the
course, or it can mean a recorded plan of distances to be traveled
optionally with heights to be ascended along golf car paths during
a round of golf for that course (e.g., an elevation change map for
the golf car route for that course). The system can include maps
for different courses, with the appropriate map being called into
use at any given course. Thus, in certain embodiments, the
controller system has stored therein a plurality of maps of
different golf courses that includes a map that represents the golf
course, wherein the information about the power required indicates
which map represents the golf course.
[0012] The power system may include a power jack on the golf car
for providing power to a personal electronic device. Thus a golfer
may charge their smartphone or use their tablet computer in the
cart. Additionally or alternatively, the system may include a
connection point for making a connection with an external power
system.
[0013] Aspects of the invention include a power management method
for a golf car. Power for a golf car is obtained during a round of
golf at a predetermined golf course through the use of a
photovoltaic power system on the golf car. The method includes
tracking a distance driven by the golf car during the round of
golf, comparing the tracked distance to an average total distance
associated with the predetermined golf course using the power
system on the golf car; and regulating power consumption of the
golf car, using the power system, so that the golf car will not run
out of power until it has driven the average total distance.
Preferably, the power system comprises one or more of a
photovoltaic cell, a battery, a motor, a maximum point power
tracking device, a processor, and a non-tangible computer-readable
storage medium having stored therein information about the
predetermined golf course. Surplus power may be provided from the
golf car to a local grid at the predetermined golf course. The
method includes displaying an amount of power remaining to a driver
of the golf car via a display gauge.
[0014] In certain aspects, the invention provides a power
management system for a golf course. The system includes a local
electrical grid system installed at a golf course, which local grid
has at least one connection to an external municipal power system,
at least one battery system, and at least one charging station. The
system includes golf cars that each have a photovoltaic cell and a
jack connectable to the charging station. A system management
server computer monitors power consumption in the golf cars. Each
golf car captures power via its photovoltaic cell, provides surplus
power to the at least one power system such as a battery or other
storage device at a time when it is connected to the charging
station and fully charged, and draws power from the at least
battery system at a time when it is connected to the charging
station and not fully charged. In some embodiments, each golf car
has a controller system that includes a power management device
electrically coupled to the cell; a processor; and a memory device
having stored therein information unique to the golf course. The
controller system uses the information unique to the golf course to
regulate power use so that the golf car is operable for a duration
of a round of golf on the golf course. The local electrical grid
system may be operable to provide surplus local grid power to the
external municipal power system with the server computer providing
a statement of an amount of surplus local grid power provided to
the external municipal power system.
[0015] Within the system, preferably each golf car includes a
controller system with a power management device, a computer having
stored therein information unique to the golf course, and a display
showing power remaining The controller system uses the information
unique to the golf course and the power remaining to modulate power
consumption.
[0016] Other aspects of the invention provide a solar apparatus for
a golf car. The apparatus is a solar roof installable onto a golf
car. It includes a roof member with support legs for connection to
a golf car, a photovoltaic cell at a top surface of the roof
member, and a connection jack to electrically connect the
photovoltaic cell to an electrical system of the golf car. The
solar apparatus may include other features such as rain gutters to
direct rain away from the photovoltaic cell and occupants of the
golf car. In some embodiments, the support legs are configured to
mate to pre-determined mounting points of a specified model of golf
car. The apparatus may have a built-in maximum power point tracking
device installed within the apparatus between the photovoltaic cell
and the connection jack. The apparatus can include an "electricity
gas gauge"--a gauge disposed on the apparatus and configured to be
visible to a driver of the golf car when the apparatus is installed
on the golf car. The gauge displays information about electrical
power available to the golf car.
[0017] In certain embodiments, the apparatus will include a meter
device configured to measure a distance that the golf car has been
driven. Other possible features include a USB port to provide
electricity to a device when the device is plugged into the USB
port, an external jack for making a connection to a charging
station (to provide and receive electrical power through the
connection), or both. The apparatus may include a processing unit
having stored therein information unique to at least one
predetermined golf course and operable to limit output of a motor
on the cart if the cart's usage at full speed will exceed an
available amount of energy.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] FIG. 1 depicts a golf car power system.
[0019] FIG. 2 depicts a roof member for a solar golf car.
[0020] FIG. 3 is a cross section along a roof member.
[0021] FIG. 4 is a cross section across a roof member.
[0022] FIG. 5 is a diagram of components of a controller
system.
[0023] FIG. 6 diagrams a method for managing power of a golf
car.
[0024] FIG. 7 depicts a map of a predetermined golf course.
[0025] FIG. 8 shows a power management system for a golf
course.
[0026] FIG. 9 shows a device for displaying an amount of power
remaining
[0027] FIG. 10 illustrates a method of managing power at a golf
course.
[0028] FIG. 11 illustrates an interface to a golf course power
management system.
[0029] FIG. 12 shows a photovoltaic roof assembly of the invention
on a golf car according to certain embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] FIG. 1 depicts a golf car power system 101. System 101
includes a golf car 131 made available for use at a golf course, a
photovoltaic cell 109 mounted on a roof member 113 of the golf car
supported by uprights 121, a motor 129 to drive golf car 131, and a
controller system 501. Controller system 501 includes a power
management device electrically coupled to the cell 109. Roof member
113 with cell 109 defines a solar apparatus 139 for golf car that
may be provided as a standalone apparatus 139 (optionally with or
without support uprights 121 connected via support bosses 117).
Apparatus 139 is a solar roof installable onto golf car 131.
[0031] FIG. 2 depicts a roof member 113 for a solar golf car. A
photovoltaic roof assembly includes a roof member 113 mountable to
an electric vehicle, and a photovoltaic assembly including a PV
cell 109 at the upper part of the roof. The photovoltaic assembly
may be mounted to a separate roof surface or the photovoltaic
assembly may itself constitute all or part of the roof. As shown in
FIG. 2, the roof apparatus may include gutters 213. The roof may
have mounting element recesses to accommodate mounting elements of
the photovoltaic assembly, the mounting elements configured so as
not to shade the photovoltaic panel. The roof may also be
configured to accommodate a global positioning device. The roof
preferably includes a peripheral gutter 213. The roof body
preferably includes handhold recesses housing handhold elements 305
at positions to provide a horizontal setback from the lateral sides
of the roof body. Roof member 113 connects to a golf car via
support legs 121 (shown in FIG. 1). Additional discussion of
photovoltaic cells suitable for modification for use with the
invention may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,062 to Fronek and
U.S. Pat. No. 6,702,370 to Shugar, the contents of each of which
are incorporated by reference for all purposes.
[0032] The roof assembly may be mounted on top of upright supports
121 that attach to an electric vehicle. The upright supports 121
will have mounting points on the bottom attaching it to the 3 most
common type of electric vehicles (Club Car, Yamaha, EZ-Go) but may
also be customized to fit others. The front upright supports will
be angled in a way that will slant towards the interior of the cart
allowing rain to fall away from the passengers and lower the
reflection of the sun. The uprights will house any wires that run
from solar panel or controller down to the batteries keeping it
housed and away from elements. The stylization of the roof system
begins where the uprights connect to the cart itself. The
windshield becomes part of the stylized element and organically
blends into the roof creating a natural ergonomic curve shape.
[0033] The vertical uprights 121 may emerge from the cart at the
designed locations for the most popular makes of golf cars. The
uprights 121 transform into a stylized element that is part of the
roof system. In doing this, the roof system including the uprights
121 will be able to maintain its distinct style even if the golf
car manufacturer changes its mounting scheme on the cart. The
benefit a golf course manager is that it won't be necessary to
change any aspects of the roof itself should the mounting points of
the uprights of the cart manufacturer change. A photovoltaic cell
109 on is disposed on a top surface of roof member 201.
[0034] FIG. 3 is a cross section of roof member 113 along line 3-3'
in FIG. 2. Roof member 113 includes bosses 117 to connect to
support legs 121 to provide a lightweight solar roof with benefits
that include a reduction in the amount of "grid charging" required
to maintain a charge in the batteries for operation. The reduction
in electricity costs benefit the bottom line of a golf course.
Environmental impact of the golf course utilizing these systems is
greatly reduced. Benefits include less strain on the energy grid,
reduced air pollution, reduced water pollution, reduction in
landfill disposal of toxic batteries.
[0035] FIG. 4 is a cross section of roof member 113 along line 4-4'
in FIG. 2. The solar apparatus may include other features such as
rain gutters 213 to direct rain away from the photovoltaic cell 109
and occupants of the golf car. In some embodiments, the support
legs 121 are configured to mate to pre-determined mounting points
of a specified model of golf car.
[0036] FIG. 5 is a diagram of components of controller system 501.
Controller system 501 includes cell 109 and preferably includes one
or more of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device 505, a
motor 129, a cart battery 537, a power connection 539, a data
connection 561, a positioning device 565, an electronic device 571,
a display device 579, or any combination thereof. Plug 591 is an
optional connection between electrical components on a detachable
roof apparatus and electrical components on a golf car (e.g., motor
129 and battery 537). Power connection 539 allows the cart to plug
into a charging station. Data connection 561 may be a USB jack. A
sensor 573 can track revolutions of the wheels or function as an
odometer.
[0037] System 501 preferably includes an MPPT device 505. The MPPT
device 505 is used for its ability to capture changing voltage
outputs from the solar panel 109. The nature of an electric golf
vehicle dictates that it be used outdoors. By accepting current in
low light conditions, shade, direct light conditions, fog etc. the
MPPT device 505 may allow the owner of the vehicle to avoid
charging the vehicle as much as a non-solar electric vehicle or a
solar electric vehicle that doesn't use an MPPT device 505. The use
of an MPPT device 505 may also allow the driver of the electric
vehicle to avoid running out of charge while in use. The benefit is
less customer anguish, lowering of labor costs in running a freshly
charged cart out on the course and safety issues involved in having
stranded golfers in the way of golf balls from behind.
[0038] The MPPT device 505 may be wired directly into roof member
113 and wires may extend laterally along the underside of the roof
in a housed compartment and into the body of the vehicle and
ultimately into the battery compartment. The benefit to this
feature is the wiring harness is housed inside the upright 121 of
the cart 101, which protects the wiring from weather and the
possibility of being bumped when people are reaching for items in
the cart or golf clubs.
[0039] MPPT device 505 may be installed within the apparatus
between the photovoltaic cell 109 and the jack that connects the
solar roof apparatus to the golf car. The apparatus can include for
display 579 an "electricity gas gauge"--a gauge disposed on the
apparatus and configured to be visible to a driver of the golf car
when the apparatus is installed on the golf car. The gauge display
579 displays information about electrical power available to the
golf car. Additionally helpful discussion may be found in U.S. Pub.
2011/0210693 to Reichart; U.S. Pub. 2008/0143292 to Ward; and U.S.
Pub. 2013/0335002 to Moore, the contents of each of which are
incorporated by reference for all purposes.
[0040] In certain embodiments, the apparatus will include a meter
device (e.g., GPS device 565 or an odometer or a revolution
counter) configured to measure a distance that the golf car has
been driven. Other possible features include a USB port 561 to
provide electricity to a device when the device is plugged into the
USB port, an external jack 539 for making a connection to a
charging station (to provide and receive electrical power through
the connection), or both. The apparatus may include a processing
unit 571 having stored therein information unique to at least one
predetermined golf course and operable to limit output of motor 129
on the cart if the cart's usage at full speed will exceed an
available amount of energy.
[0041] MPPT device 505 is a microcontroller based electronic device
for charging the energy storage module (e.g. batteries) of a golf
car from the roof mounted photovoltaic solar array. The device has
features to maximize the utilization of the solar array, provide a
"gas gauge" display of available energy, store a history of events
and usage, and has a unique feature that interacts with the cart's
motor controller to modulate the amount of power available to the
cart driver to insure that enough energy is available to complete a
round of golf.
[0042] The golf car has battery 537 typically made up of a number
of batteries. These batteries are typically lead-acid chemistry,
but could also be another battery chemistry or some other form of
energy storage, all will be referred to as "battery". The battery
is to be charged via the solar array 109 and maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) methods and devices are used to control power use.
Specifically, a typical MPPT device 505 will include a DC to DC
converter that matches output of panel 109 to load. The
microcontroller has several algorithms that can be tailored for the
type of battery and solar array to provide the most efficient use
of the solar energy.
[0043] The device 505 monitors the energy flowing into the battery
537 and out to the motor 129. The capacity and characteristics of
the battery 537 are known to the controller 505 and therefore a
very accurate estimation can be made of the available energy. An
analogy is the gas gauge on an automobile. The computation of
available energy is a complex interaction of not only power in
(from the solar array), power out (to the motor), but of the rate
of energy use i.e. in most battery systems, the apparent amount of
stored energy becomes smaller as the rate of consumption becomes
higher. In lead-acid chemistry, for example, this relationship is
defined by Peukert's Law. The microcontroller 505 is able to sample
voltages and currents many times a second and calculate a complex
formula and display on display 579 the results to the cart driver
instantaneously. Further discussion of MPPT devices may be found in
U.S. Pub. 2009/0160258 to Allen; U.S. Pub. 2011/0297459 to Hayek;
U.S. Pub. 2014/0097669 to Nagashima; U.S. Pub. 2011/0163710 to
Syed; U.S. Pub. 2011/0162897 to Syed; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,419,118
to Petersen, the contents of each of which are incorporated by
reference.
[0044] The device stores a history of events and usage (e.g.,
either within MPPT device 505, computer 571, or both). This data is
useful to the owners of the golf cars to understand such things as
energy savings provided by the solar array, operations potentially
damaging to the battery 537, usage in relation to required
servicing, and operational information that can be used to fine
tune and improve the operation of the cart in the future. The
device uses some of this information internally to improve its MPPT
algorithm and "gas gauge" function. System 501 can be programmed
using `fuzzy logic` algorithms known in the art so that the
microcontroller based device can change its own programming to suit
present conditions or `remember` conditions and usage. Other
information can be output to the cart's operator in the form of
data that can be used for reporting and review.
[0045] The typical golf car is used on a fixed course whose size is
known. The golf car traverses typically 18 holes of golf and the
average distance traveled by the cart is known. A sensor 573 tracks
the revolutions of the cart's wheels (alternately distance over
ground may be computed from global position system (GPS)
information) and the device is able to determine the distance
traveled. At any given time there is a certain amount of stored
energy available in the battery. The device computes the amount of
distance required to complete the round of golf.
[0046] If the cart's usage at full speed will exceed the available
amount of energy available, the device will limit the output of the
cart's motor to be able to safely cover the distance needed for
completion. The calculation is updated frequently to account for
varying conditions. For example, a cart in full sunshine would
provide maximum charge to battery 537 allowing robust operation of
car 131. Should car 131 be under tree shade, or perhaps a cloudy
day, the device will modulate the motor power to extend the range
of the cart to allow completion of the round of golf. This will
prevent golfers from becoming stranded on the course. The on-cart
system may include a USB charging point.
[0047] Benefits to golfers using golf car 131 with the solar
electric charging system include: a reduction in the possibility of
the vehicle "dying" during operation. This benefit includes a
faster pace of play, avoiding the frustration of having to switch
carts (to a cart with fresh batteries) in the middle of a round and
avoiding the safety hazard of becoming stranded on a golf course
while other golfers are trying to play through.
[0048] Preferably the controller system is operable to compare
present power use to the information about the power required and
regulate the motor so that an amount of power remaining is at least
as great as an anticipated amount of power required to complete the
round of golf. The power management device may include a maximum
power point tracking device, and regulating the motor can be done
by limiting a maximum speed of the golf car.
[0049] The information about the power required can use an average
distance travelled per typical round of golf. Present power use may
be determined by tracking cumulative distance traveled in the round
of golf at the golf course. The connection 539 with the external
power system can provide power from the external system to the golf
car and provide power from the golf car to the external system.
[0050] In some embodiments, the controller system has a
communication device 561 operable to exchange data about the power
system with a system management server computer. The system can
include an "electricity gas gauge" 579--a display visible to a
driver of the golf car that shows an amount of power remaining. The
system may include a positioning device 565 (e.g., a GPS device or
barcodes and readers on the course) on golf car 131 to provide
information to the controller system showing a present location of
the golf car.
[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the information about the power
required stored in the controller system includes a digital map of
the golf course. Golf car 131 includes, in computer memory, a map.
Map can mean a digital representation of a spatial layout of the
course, or it can mean a recorded plan of distances to be traveled
optionally with heights to be ascended along golf car paths during
a round of golf for that course (e.g., an elevation change map for
the golf car route for that course). The system can include maps
for different courses, with the appropriate map being called into
use at any given course. Thus, in certain embodiments, the
controller system has stored therein a plurality of maps of
different golf courses that includes a map that represents the golf
course, wherein the information about the power required indicates
which map represents the golf course.
[0052] The power system may include a jack 561 (such as a USB port)
on golf car 131 for providing power to a personal electronic
device. Thus a golfer may charge their smartphone or use their
tablet computer in the cart. Additionally or alternatively, the
system may include a connection point 539 for making a connection
with an external power system.
[0053] FIG. 6 diagrams a method 601 for managing power of a golf
car 131. Power for a golf car is obtained during a round of golf at
a predetermined golf course through the use of a photovoltaic power
system on the golf car. The method includes tracking a distance
driven by golf car 131 during the round of golf, comparing the
tracked distance to an average total distance associated with the
predetermined golf course using the power system on golf car 131;
and regulating power consumption of the golf car, using the power
system, so that the golf car will not run out of power until it has
driven the average total distance. Preferably, the power system
comprises one or more of a photovoltaic cell, a battery, a motor, a
maximum point power tracking device, a processor, and a
non-tangible computer-readable storage medium having stored therein
information about the predetermined golf course.
[0054] FIG. 7 depicts map 701 giving information about a
predetermined golf course. While shown in FIG. 7 as a familiar,
human-readable plan view map, map 701 may include GPS data points
for a golf course, or a schedule of typical power consumption over
time or space. An important feature of map 701 is that it is
customized to a golf course and thus provides information unique to
that golf course about power demands associated with that course.
For instance, a golf course with steep hills can have a map 701
that tells system 501 that car 131 will use increased amounts of
power at those hills.
[0055] FIG. 8 shows a power management system 801 for a golf
course. System 801 includes a local electrical grid system 801
installed at a golf course, which local grid has at least one
connection to an external municipal power system 819, at least one
battery system 827, and at least one charging station 839. System
801 includes golf cars 131 that each have a photovoltaic cell 109
and a jack 539 connectable to the charging station 839. Local grid
807 is controlled by controller 813 connected to charging station
839, battery 827, and also to an optional system management server
computer 833. Server 833 can be accessed via computer 845
preferably installed at the golf course where local grid 807 is
located. Computer 845 may communicate with server 833 via network
857. A system 801 of the invention includes infrastructure that is
installed at a specific golf course. The installed infrastructure
includes the local electrical grid 807, with its charging station
839 and battery 827. The local infrastructure also includes at
least one computer 845 for interacting with system 801. Server 833
and components of network 857 need not be on-site and may be leased
or paid for as a service. Discussion may be found in U.S. Pub
2009/0152947 to Wang; U.S. Pub. 2011/0031171 to Henig; U.S. Pat.
No. 6,313,394 to Shugar and U.S. Pub. 2006/0127183 to Bishop, the
contents of each of which are incorporated by reference.
[0056] Within system 801, preferably each golf car 131 includes a
controller system 501 with a power management device, a computer
having stored therein a map 701 describing the golf course, and a
display showing power remaining. Noting again that map 701 need not
be the familiar plan view drawing of a location and can instead
refer to a schedule of typical power consumption, it is an
important feature of system 801 that a golf car 131 includes a map
701 with information about the unique power demands of the golf
course where local grid 807 is installed. The interaction of
elements described herein is what allows a golf car 131 to be used
on a golf course and to refer to map 701 to determine an
anticipated power demand for that golf course and to display on
display 579 an amount of power remaining or an amount of distance
remaining, thus providing golf car 131 with an electricity gas
gauge as well as a regulatory mechanism via MPPT device 505 to
ensure that car 131 does not cease operation during a round of
golf.
[0057] FIG. 9 shows one method and display device 579 for
displaying an amount of power remaining Display device 579
communicates with control system 501 (e.g., via a wireless or a
wired connection) on car 131. Controller system 501 uses the
information unique to the golf course such as a map 701 and the
power remaining to modulate power consumption. Each golf car 131
captures power via its photovoltaic cell, provides surplus power to
the at least one battery system at a time when it is connected to
the charging station and fully charged, and draws power from the at
least battery system at a time when it is connected to the charging
station and not fully charged. System 501 on car 131 communicates
with system 801 for overall efficient power administration at the
golf course. Specifically, system 801 can be administered from
system management server computer 833. System management server
computer 833 monitors power consumption in the golf cars 131.
[0058] FIG. 10 illustrates a system administrator managing power at
a golf course through the use of system 801. A system administrator
uses terminal 845 to connect to server 833 via network 857.
Terminal 845 presents a system management dashboard on interface
1025.
[0059] FIG. 11 illustrates interface 1025 for managing system 801.
As discussed above, each golf car 101 has a controller system 501
that includes a power management device 505 electrically coupled to
the cell 109; a processor; and a memory device having stored
therein information unique to the golf course. The controller
system 501 uses the information unique to the golf course to
regulate power use so that the golf car 131 is operable for a
duration of a round of golf on the golf course. The local
electrical grid system 819 may be operable to provide surplus local
grid 807 power to the external municipal power system 819 with the
server computer 833 providing a statement of an amount of surplus
local grid power provided to the external municipal power system
819.
[0060] Golf facilities utilizing these systems will experience a
modern new look for their existing golf cars. This upgrade will
help customers feel as if they are riding in a new modern vehicle
without the cost of the facility having to replace the actual fleet
of vehicles. Facilities can just replace their existing roof and
uprights with the Solar roof system and enjoy a new fresh look and
feel. With a modernized fleet of golf cars a golf facility is may
attract more new and repeat customers, increasing revenue.
[0061] Sustainable energy is provided by a system 801. Over the
past few years, corporate sustainability has become a priority
issue for businesses of almost every kind and size. Corporate
America now faces a wide range of sustainability-focused inquiries,
demands, risks and challenges from customers, investors,
regulators, consumers, NGOs and other watchdog groups, and even the
media. The golf and hospitality industries are no exception--not
only do they face tremendous pressure to cut costs due to the
economic downturn (and resulting falling revenues) over the past
several years but, to keep up with their competitors in the race to
"go green," they also must develop and implement meaningful
sustainability plans. Solar-powered golf cars are a great way to
help meet these challenges.
[0062] As shown in FIG. 5, golf car 131 may include a control
system 501 with a computer 571. As shown in FIG. 8, system 801
includes a server 833, a PC 845, or both. Additionally, controller
813 may optionally include a dedicated computer. MPPT 505 may
include elements characteristic of a computer. Further, in some
embodiments, display 579 is provided by a mobile electronic device
such as a smartphone or tablet which may itself be a computer.
[0063] A computer according to the invention will generally include
one or more processors and memory as well as an input/output
mechanism (I/O). Where methods of the invention employ a connected
computer devices, steps of methods of the invention may be
performed using multiple computing devices working together as a
system. For example, server 833, which includes one or more of
processors and memory, may obtain data, instructions, etc., or
provide results via an interface module or provide results as a
file. The server 833 may be engaged over the network 857 by the
computer 845 or the display 579, or the server 333 may be directly
connected to the computer 845, which can include one or more
processors and memory, as well as an input/output mechanism.
[0064] In systems of the invention, each computer preferably
includes at least one processor coupled to a memory and at least
one input/output (I/O) mechanism.
[0065] A processor will generally include a chip, such as a single
core or multi-core chip, to provide a central processing unit
(CPU). A processer may be provided by a chip from Intel or AMD.
[0066] Memory can include one or more machine-readable devices on
which is stored one or more sets of instructions (e.g., software)
which, when executed by the processor(s) of any one of the
disclosed computers can accomplish some or all of the methodologies
or functions described herein. The software may also reside,
completely or at least partially, within the main memory and/or
within the processor during execution thereof by the computer
system. Preferably, each computer includes a non-transitory memory
such as a solid-state drive, flash drive, disk drive, hard drive,
etc. While the machine-readable devices can in an exemplary
embodiment be a single medium, the term "machine-readable device"
should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g.,
a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and
servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions and/or
data. These terms shall also be taken to include any medium or
media that are capable of storing, encoding, or holding a set of
instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the
machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the
present invention. These terms shall accordingly be taken to
include, but not be limited to one or more solid-state memories
(e.g., subscriber identity module (SIM) card, secure digital card
(SD card), micro SD card, or solid-state drive (SSD)), optical and
magnetic media, and/or any other tangible storage medium or
media.
[0067] A computer of the invention will generally include one or
more I/O device such as, for example, one or more of a video
display unit (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray
tube (CRT)), an alphanumeric input device (e.g., a keyboard), a
cursor control device (e.g., a mouse), a disk drive unit, a signal
generation device (e.g., a speaker), a touchscreen, an
accelerometer, a microphone, a cellular radio frequency antenna,
and a network interface device, which can be, for example, a
network interface card (NIC), Wi-Fi card, or cellular modem.
[0068] Any of the software can be physically located at various
positions, including being distributed such that portions of the
functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0069] Systems of the invention may be used to perform methods
described herein. Instructions for any method step may be stored in
memory and a processor may execute those instructions.
[0070] FIG. 12 depicts a golf car 131 with a solar roof apparatus
1213 according to a preferred embodiment. Golf car 131 is made
available for use at a golf course with a photovoltaic cell 109
mounted on a roof member 1213 of the golf car supported by uprights
1221. Roof member 1213 with cell 109 defines a solar apparatus 1239
provided as a standalone apparatus 1239 (optionally with or without
support uprights 1221 connected via support bosses). Apparatus 1239
is a solar roof installable onto golf car 131 and may include
gutters 2213.
[0071] The roof may have mounting element recesses to accommodate
mounting elements of the photovoltaic assembly, the mounting
elements configured so as not to shade the photovoltaic panel. The
roof may also be configured to accommodate a global positioning
device. The roof preferably includes a peripheral gutter 2213. The
roof body preferably includes handhold recesses housing handhold
elements at positions to provide a horizontal setback from the
lateral sides of the roof body.
[0072] Roof member 1213 connects to a golf car via support legs
1221. Additional discussion of photovoltaic cells suitable for
modification for use with the invention may be found in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,725,062 to Fronek and U.S. Pat. No. 6,702,370 to Shugar, the
contents of each of which are incorporated by reference for all
purposes.
[0073] A photovoltaic (PV) roof assembly 1239 includes a roof
mountable to an electric vehicle, and a PV assembly 109 at the
upper part of the roof. The PV assembly 109 may be mounted to a
separate roof surface or the PV assembly may itself constitute all
or part of the roof. The roof 1239 may have mounting element
recesses to accommodate mounting elements of the PV assembly, the
mounting elements configured so as not to shade the PV panel. The
roof may also be configured to accommodate a global positioning
device. The roof preferably includes a peripheral gutter 213. The
roof body 1213 preferably includes hand-hold recesses housing
hand-hold elements at positions to provide a horizontal setback
from the lateral sides of the roof body.
[0074] The roof assembly 1239 may be mounted on top of upright
supports 1221 which attach to an electric vehicle 131. The upright
supports 1221 will have mounting points on the bottom attaching it
to common type of electric vehicles (Club Car, Yamaha, EZ-Go) but
may also be customized to fit others. Roof assembly 1239 may
include gutter(s) 213. The front upright supports 1221 will be
angled in a way that will slant towards the interior of the cart
allowing rain to fall away from the passengers and lower the
reflection of the sun as shown in FIG. 12. The uprights will house
any wires that run from solar panel or controller down to the
batteries keeping it housed and away from elements. An MPPT
controller 505 is used for its ability to capture changing voltage
outputs from the solar panel 109. The nature of an electric golf
vehicle 131 dictates that it be used outdoors. By accepting current
in varying light conditions such as a shade, fog, and direct
sunlight, the MPPT controller may allow the owner of the vehicle to
avoid charging the vehicle as much as a non-solar electric vehicle
or a solar electric vehicle that doesn't use an MPPT controller.
The use of an MPPT controller may also allow the driver of the
electric vehicle to avoid running out of charge while in use. The
benefit is less customer anguish, lowering of labor costs in
running a freshly charged cart out on the course and safety issues
involved in having stranded golfers in the way of golf balls from
behind.
[0075] The stylization of the roof system begins where the uprights
1221 connect to the cart 131 itself. The windshield becomes part of
the stylized element and organically blends into the roof creating
a natural ergonomic curve shape.
[0076] The MPPT solar controller 505 is wired directly into the
solar panel 109 and wires extend laterally along the underside of
the roof in a housed compartment and into the body of the vehicle
and ultimately into the battery compartment. The benefit to this
feature is the wiring harness is housed inside the upright of the
cart which protects it from weather and the possibility of being
bumped when people are reaching for items in the cart or golf
clubs.
[0077] Thus it can be seen that roof assembly 1239 provides a light
weight vehicles solar electric roof with benefits that include a
reduction in the amount of grid charging required to maintain a
charge in the batteries for operation. The reduction in electricity
costs benefit the owners bottom line. Environmental impact of a
facility utilizing these systems is greatly reduced. Benefits
include less strain on the energy grid, reduced air pollution,
reduced water pollution, reduction in land fill disposal of toxic
batteries. Benefits to customers visiting/renting vehicle with
solar electric charging system include: a reduction in the
possibility of the vehicle "dying" during operation. This benefit
includes a faster pace of play, avoiding the frustration of having
to switch carts (to a cart with fresh batteries) in the middle of a
round and avoiding the safety hazard of becoming stranded on a golf
course while other golfers are trying to play through. Golf
facilities utilizing these systems will experience a modern new
look for their existing golf carts. This upgrade will help
customers feel as if they are riding in a new modern vehicle
without the cost of the facility having to replace the actual fleet
of vehicles. Facilities can just replace their existing roof and
uprights with roof assembly 1239 and enjoy a new fresh look and
feel. With a modernized fleet of golf cars 131 a golf facility is
may increase green fees helping its bottom line. The vertical
uprights 1221 will emerge from the cart 131 at the designed
locations for the most popular makes of golf carts. The uprights
transform into a stylized element that is part of the roof system.
In doing this, the roof system including the uprights 1221 will be
able to maintain its distinct style even if the golf cart
manufacturer changes its mounting scheme on the cart. The benefit
include that it is not necessary to change any aspects of the roof
itself should the mounting points of the uprights of the cart
manufacturer change.
[0078] A microcontroller based electronic device 505 for charging
the energy storage module (e.g. batteries) of a golf cart 131 from
the roof mounted photo voltaic solar array 1239. The device has
features to maximize the utilization of the solar array, provide a
"gas gauge" display of available energy, store a history of events
and usage, and has a unique feature that interacts with the cart's
motor controller to modulate the amount of power available to the
cart driver to insure that enough energy is available to complete a
round of golf.
[0079] The golf cart has an energy storage module typically made up
of a number of batteries. These batteries are typically lead-acid
chemistry, but could also be another battery chemistry or some
other form of energy storage, all will be referred to as "battery".
The battery is to be charged via the solar array. MPPT device 505
has several algorithms that can be tailored for the type of battery
and solar array to provide the most efficient use of the solar
energy.
[0080] The device 505 monitors the energy flowing into the battery
and out to the motor. The capacity and characteristics of the
battery are known to the controller and therefore a very accurate
estimation can be made of the available energy. An analogy is the
gas gauge on an automobile. The computation of available energy is
a complex interaction of not only power in (from the solar array),
power out (to the motor), but of the rate of energy use i.e. in
most battery systems, the apparent amount of stored energy becomes
smaller as the rate of consumption becomes higher. In lead-acid
chemistry, for example, this relationship is defined by Peukert's
Law. The microcontroller is able to sample voltages and currents
many times a second and calculate a complex formula and display the
results to the cart driver instantaneously.
[0081] The device 505 stores a history of events and usage. This
data is useful to the owners of the golf cart(s) to understand such
things as energy savings provided by the solar array, operations
potentially damaging to the battery, usage in relation to required
servicing, and operational information that can be used to fine
tune and improve the operation of the cart in the future. The
device 505 uses some of this information internally to improve its
MPPT algorithm and "gas gauge" function. Other information can be
output to the cart's operator in the form of data that can be used
for reporting and review.
[0082] The typical golf car 131 is used on a fixed course whose
size is known. The golf car traverses typically 18 holes of golf
and the average distance traveled by the cart is known. A sensor
1205 tracks the revolutions of the cart's wheels (alternately
distance over ground may be computed from global position system
(GPS) information) and the device 505 is able to determine the
distance traveled. At any given time there is a certain amount of
stored energy available in the battery. The device 505 computes the
amount of distance required to complete the round of golf. If the
cart's usage at full speed will exceed the available amount of
energy available, the device will limit the output of the cart's
motor to be able to safely cover the distance needed for
completion. The calculation is updated frequently to account for
varying conditions. For example, a cart in full sunshine would
provide maximum charge to the battery allowing robust operation of
the cart. Should the cart be under tree shade, or perhaps a cloudy
day, the device 505 will modulate the motor power to extend the
range of the cart to allow completion of the round of golf. This
will prevent golfers from becoming stranded on the course.
[0083] Assembly 1239 may include features such as a charging point
(e.g., USB); storage (e.g., phone pocket; rain gutters; handles;
others; or any combination thereof.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
[0084] References and citations to other documents, such as
patents, patent applications, patent publications, journals, books,
papers, web contents, have been made throughout this disclosure.
All such documents are hereby incorporated herein by reference in
their entirety for all purposes.
EQUIVALENTS
[0085] Various modifications of the invention and many further
embodiments thereof, in addition to those shown and described
herein, will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the
full contents of this document, including references to the
scientific and patent literature cited herein. The subject matter
herein contains important information, exemplification and guidance
that can be adapted to the practice of this invention in its
various embodiments and equivalents thereof.
* * * * *