U.S. patent application number 13/908684 was filed with the patent office on 2014-12-04 for cosmetic compositions comprising tobacco seed-derived component.
The applicant listed for this patent is R.J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY. Invention is credited to Barry Smith Fagg, Anthony Richard Gerardi, Thaddeus Jude Jackson.
Application Number | 20140356295 13/908684 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51062955 |
Filed Date | 2014-12-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140356295 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Gerardi; Anthony Richard ;
et al. |
December 4, 2014 |
COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING TOBACCO SEED-DERIVED COMPONENT
Abstract
Cosmetic compositions are provided that include an extract from
a seed of the Nicotiana species, one or more cosmetically
acceptable carriers to act as a diluent, dispersant or carrier for
the composition, and optionally one or more cosmetic adjuvants. The
tobacco seed extract is typically characterized as having a
significant lipid content and, thus, finds use as an oil component
in a cosmetic composition.
Inventors: |
Gerardi; Anthony Richard;
(Winston-Salem, NC) ; Fagg; Barry Smith;
(Winston-Salem, NC) ; Jackson; Thaddeus Jude;
(High Point, NC) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
R.J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY |
Winston-Salem |
NC |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
51062955 |
Appl. No.: |
13/908684 |
Filed: |
June 3, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/43 ; 424/59;
424/62; 424/69; 424/70.2; 424/73; 424/751 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/922 20130101;
A61K 8/04 20130101; A61Q 5/02 20130101; A61Q 19/005 20130101; A61Q
5/12 20130101; A61K 36/81 20130101; A61Q 19/007 20130101; A61Q
19/08 20130101; A61Q 19/10 20130101; A61K 2800/805 20130101; A61Q
19/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/43 ; 424/751;
424/73; 424/70.2; 424/62; 424/69; 424/59 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/97 20060101
A61K008/97; A61Q 9/02 20060101 A61Q009/02; A61Q 5/02 20060101
A61Q005/02; A61Q 5/12 20060101 A61Q005/12; A61Q 5/06 20060101
A61Q005/06; A61Q 5/04 20060101 A61Q005/04; A61Q 5/08 20060101
A61Q005/08; A61Q 1/02 20060101 A61Q001/02; A61Q 7/00 20060101
A61Q007/00; A61Q 17/04 20060101 A61Q017/04; A61Q 19/02 20060101
A61Q019/02; A61Q 19/04 20060101 A61Q019/04; A61Q 5/00 20060101
A61Q005/00; A61Q 19/08 20060101 A61Q019/08; A61Q 19/10 20060101
A61Q019/10; A61Q 19/00 20060101 A61Q019/00 |
Claims
1. A cosmetic composition comprising an extract of a seed of the
Nicotiana species and at least one cosmetically acceptable carrier,
wherein the cosmetic composition is in a form adapted for
application to skin or hair.
2. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the extract is a
tobacco seed oil.
3. The cosmetic composition of claim 2, wherein the tobacco seed
oil has a free fatty acid content of less than about 15 weight
percent, based on the total weight of the tobacco seed oil.
4. The cosmetic composition of claim 2, wherein the tobacco seed
oil has a free fatty acid content of less than about 10 weight
percent, based on the total weight of the tobacco seed oil.
5. The cosmetic composition of claim 2, wherein the tobacco seed
oil comprises at least about 60 weight percent of linoleic acid,
based on the total weight of the tobacco seed oil.
6. The cosmetic composition of claim 2, wherein the cosmetic
composition is in the form of an emulsion with an aqueous phase and
an oily phase comprising the tobacco seed oil.
7. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetically
acceptable carrier is an aqueous carrier and the composition is in
the form of an emulsion.
8. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition is in the form of a liquid, a lotion, a gel, a cream, a
milk, an ointment, a paste, a plaster, a powder, a foam, a make-up,
a stick, an aerosol, or embedded or absorbed in a wipe.
9. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition is adapted for use as a body moisturizing oil, a body
moisturizing lotion, a body moisturizing gel, a body moisturizing
cream, a shaving preparation, a skin powder, a suntan lotion, an
anti-acne preparation, a peeling preparation, a shampoo, a hair
conditioners, a hair tonic, a hair styling cream, a hair styling
gel, a pomade, a hair rinse, a hair-straightening preparation, a
hair-setting preparation, a hairspray, a hair dying or bleaching
preparation, or a makeup.
10. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more cosmetic adjuvants
selected from the group consisting of additional fats or lipids,
organic solvents, thickeners, binders, conditioning agents,
demulcents, opacifiers, stabilizers, buffering agents, humectants,
pigments, dyes, viscosity modifiers, emollients, antiperspirants,
anti-foaming agents, foam boosters, hair colorants, hair penning
agents, hair growth or restorer agents, hair loss prevention
agents, abrasives, absorbents, anti-acne agents, anti-caking
agents, moisturizing agents, perfumes or fragrances, preservatives,
sunscreens, astringents, propellants, bleaching or lightening
agents for skin or hair, tanning agents, deposition aids,
suspending agents, polymers, fillers, sequestrants, bactericides,
odor absorbers, antifungal agents, alkalinizing or acidifying
agents, pearlescent aids, chelants, proteins, anti-dandruff agents,
surfactants, emulsifiers, anti-free radical agents, antioxidants,
vitamins, and .alpha.-hydroxy acids.
11. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetically
acceptable carrier comprises water and the cosmetic composition is
in the form of a lotion or cream emulsion with an aqueous phase and
an oily phase comprising a tobacco seed oil, the cosmetic
composition further comprising one or more cosmetic adjuvants
selected from the group consisting of additional oils, thickeners,
surfactants, preservatives, pigments, humectants, emollients,
occlusives, and combinations thereof.
12. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more emollients in an amount
of about 0.01 to about 20% by weight of the cosmetic
composition.
13. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more humectants in an amount
of about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the cosmetic
composition.
14. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more surfactants in an amount
of about 0.01 to about 50% by weight of the cosmetic
composition.
15. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more conditioning agents in an
amount of about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of the cosmetic
composition.
16. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more preservatives in an
amount of about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the cosmetic
composition.
17. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more thickening agents in an
amount of about 0.01 to about 15% by weight of the cosmetic
composition.
18. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more emulsifiers in an amount
of about 0.01 to about 15% by weight of the cosmetic
composition.
19. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more antioxidants in an amount
of about 0.01 to about 10% by weight of the cosmetic
composition.
20. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more natural or essential oils
in an amount of about 0.01 to about 20% by weight of the cosmetic
composition.
21. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more occlusives in an amount
of about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of the cosmetic
composition.
22. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more agents useful for
treating wrinkles in the skin in an amount of about 0.01 to about
5% by weight of the cosmetic composition.
23. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition is in the foam of an emulsion adapted for moisturizing
skin, the cosmetic composition comprising water in an amount up to
about 80% by weight, a tobacco seed oil in an amount up to about
10% by weight, one or more emollients in an amount up to about 20%
by weight, one or more emulsifiers in an amount up to about 15% by
weight, and one or more humectants in an amount up to about 10% by
weight.
24. The cosmetic composition of claim 1, wherein the cosmetic
composition is in the form of an emulsion adapted for cleansing
skin or hair, the cosmetic composition comprising water in an
amount up to about 80% by weight, a tobacco seed oil in an amount
up to about 10% by weight, one or more emulsifiers in an amount up
to about 15% by weight, and one or more surfactants in an amount up
to about 50% by weight.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to cosmetic products
comprising a components made or derived from tobacco. Of particular
interest are oil compositions obtained or derived from plant seeds
or portions of plant seeds from the Nicotiana species.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Cosmetics are generally defined as substances used to
enhance the appearance or odor of the human body. They are
generally mixtures of chemical compounds, some being derived from
natural sources and others being synthetic. In the U.S., the Food
and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines
cosmetics as "intended to be applied to the human body for
cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the
appearance without affecting the body's structure or
functions."
[0003] There are many different types of cosmetic products,
including, but not limited to, hair treatment products such as
shampoos and conditioners, body and facial cleansers, skin
moisturizing products such as body creams and body lotions, facial
products such as eye creams, wrinkle reducing treatments and
anti-aging products, make-up products, as well as various other
products known in the field. Examples of hair treatment
compositions include U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,851 to Omura et al.; U.S.
Appl. Pub. Nos. 2013/0090279 to Hilvert et al. and 2012/0276210 to
Dihora et al.; and EP 1778181 to Soulimani, each herein
incorporated by reference in its entirety. Examples of skin care
products include U.S. Pat. No. 6,126,950 to Bindra et al., U.S.
Pat. No. 6,544,530 to Friedman et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,368,639 to
Farooqi, U.S. Pat. No. 7,105,173 to Rolling, U.S. Pat. No.
8,372,825 to Turkowitz; U.S. Appl. Pub. No. 2012/0238743 to Kim et
al.; EP 1441686 to Dokka et al.; and WO 2010/086724 to
Surianarayanan et al., WO 2011/147696 to Chodorowski-Kimmes et al.,
WO 2003/041636 to Dokka et al., each herein incorporated by
reference in its entirety.
[0004] Many cosmetic compositions, such as cleansers and shampoo,
contain detergents. Sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate,
sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, stearic acid,
lauric acid, myristic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid are a few
of the common detergents or soaps found in cleansers. See, e.g.,
Antczak, Stephen, and Gina Antczak. Cosmetics Unmasked: Your Family
Guide to Safe Cosmetics and Toiletries. London: Thorsons, 2001,
herein incorporated by reference. Soaps can be made from vegetable
oil or animal fats. Coconut oil, olive oil, safflower oil, jojoba
oil and tallow, for example, are ingredients used in creating
soap-based cleansers. These ingredients are mixed with an alkaline
substance, usually sodium hydroxide, or lye, to create a salt. When
mixed, in a process called saponification, two byproducts are
generally created: glycerin and salt.
[0005] Emulsions are among the most common types of delivery
systems used in cosmetic formulations. An emulsion is a dispersion
of one liquid in a second, immiscible liquid. Typically, cosmetic
emulsions include an oily phase comprising one or more hydrophobic,
long-chain, organic molecules and an aqueous phase. One or more
emulsifiers are typically present to maintain the emulsion in
stable form over time.
[0006] Various oils can be used in the oily phase of cosmetic
compositions in the form of emulsions. Natural oils can be
vegetable oils that consist of aethereal salts of glycerin with a
large number of organic acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, and
palmitic acid, forming stearin, olein, and palmitin, respectively.
Stearin and palmitin are common solid oils and fats used in
cosmetic compositions. Olein is a common liquid oil used in
cosmetic compositions. Natural oils can function, for example, as
excellent emollients that leave the hair and skin soft and smooth.
Oils can also penetrate the skin and provide effective nourishing
and revitalizing effects. Therefore, natural oils are used in a
wide variety of cosmetic products, including personal care as well
as makeup products.
[0007] A growing number of cosmetic products are directed towards
rejuvenating the skin and removing undesirable signs of aging such
as wrinkles. Conventional products often contain exfoliating acids
as active ingredients. Such anti-aging active ingredients include,
for example, a-hydroxy acids (e.g., lactic, glycolic, citric),
b-hydroxy acids (e.g., salicylic, 5-n-octanoylsalicylic acids) and
retinoids (retinoic acids; retinol). However, these anti-aging
acids can be associated with consumer discomfort characterized by
burning, stinging, itching or a sensation of tightness after
application.
[0008] There is a continuing need for new cosmetic compositions
that exhibit advantageous properties. Additionally, there remains a
general need in the cosmetics industry for products that retard or
counter aging effects on the skin without producing undesirable
side effects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present invention provides an oil component made or
derived from seeds from plants of the Nicotiana species useful for
incorporation into a variety of cosmetic products. Specifically, a
cosmetic composition comprising an extract of a seed of the
Nicotiana species and at least one cosmetically acceptable carrier,
wherein the cosmetic composition is in a form adapted for
application to skin or hair is disclosed. In some embodiments, the
extract is a tobacco seed oil. In various embodiments, the tobacco
seed oil has a free fatty acid content of less than about 15 weight
percent, or less than about 10 weight percent, based on the total
weight of the tobacco seed oil. In various embodiments of the
present invention, the tobacco seed oil comprises at least about 60
weight percent of linoleic acid, based on the total weight of the
tobacco seed oil.
[0010] In some embodiments, the cosmetic composition is in the
falai of an emulsion with an aqueous phase and an oily phase
comprising tobacco seed oil derived from seeds from plants of the
Nicotiana species. In various embodiments, the composition is in
the form of an emulsion, and comprises a cosmetically acceptable
carrier that is an aqueous carrier. In some embodiments of the
present invention, the cosmetic composition is in the form of a
liquid, a lotion, a gel, a cream, a milk, an ointment, a paste, a
plaster, a powder, a foam, a make-up, a stick, an aerosol, or
embedded or absorbed in a wipe.
[0011] In various embodiments, the cosmetic composition is adapted
for use as a body moisturizing oil, a body moisturizing lotion, a
body moisturizing gel, a body moisturizing cream, a shaving
preparation, a skin powder, a suntan lotion, an anti-acne
preparation, a peeling preparation, a shampoo, a hair conditioners,
a hair tonic, a hair styling cream, a hair styling gel, a pomade, a
hair rinse, a hair-straightening preparation, a hair-setting
preparation, a hairspray, a hair dying or bleaching preparation, or
a makeup.
[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the cosmetic
composition further comprises one or more cosmetic adjuvants
selected from the group consisting of additional fats or lipids,
organic solvents, thickeners, binders, conditioning agents,
demulcents, opacifiers, stabilizers, buffering agents, humectants,
pigments, dyes, viscosity modifiers, emollients, antiperspirants,
anti-foaming agents, foam boosters, hair colorants, hair perming
agents, hair growth or restorer agents, hair loss prevention
agents, abrasives, absorbents, anti-acne agents, anti-caking
agents, moisturizing agents, perfumes or fragrances (e.g., bergamot
extract), preservatives, sunscreens, astringents, propellants,
bleaching or lightening agents for skin or hair, tanning agents,
deposition aids, suspending agents, polymers, fillers,
sequestrants, bactericides, odor absorbers, antifungal agents,
alkalinizing or acidifying agents, pearlescent aids, chelants,
proteins, anti-dandruff agents, surfactants, emulsifiers, anti-free
radical agents, antioxidants, vitamins, and .alpha.-hydroxy
acids.
[0013] In various embodiments, a cosmetic composition comprising an
extract of a seed of the Nicotiana species and at least one
cosmetically acceptable carrier is provided, wherein the cosmetic
composition is in a form adapted for application to skin or hair.
The cosmetically acceptable carrier can comprise water and the
cosmetic composition can be in the form of a lotion or cream
emulsion with an aqueous phase and an oily phase comprising a
tobacco seed oil. In addition, the cosmetic composition can further
comprise one or more cosmetic adjuvants selected from the group
consisting of additional oils, thickeners, surfactants,
preservatives, pigments, humectants, emollients, occlusives, and
combinations thereof.
[0014] In certain embodiments, the cosmetic composition further
comprises one or more emollients in an amount of about 0.01 to
about 20% by weight of the cosmetic composition. The cosmetic
composition can comprise, singly or as mixtures of two or more
components, one or more humectants in an amount of about 0.01 to
about 10% by weight of the cosmetic composition, one or more
surfactants in an amount of about 0.01 to about 50% by weight of
the cosmetic composition, one or more conditioning agents in an
amount of about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of the cosmetic
composition, one or more preservatives in an amount of about 0.01
to about 10% by weight of the cosmetic composition, one or more
thickening agents in an amount of about 0.01 to about 15% by weight
of the cosmetic composition, one or more emulsifiers in an amount
of about 0.01 to about 15% by weight of the cosmetic composition,
one or more antioxidants in an amount of about 0.01 to about 10% by
weight of the cosmetic composition, one or more natural or
essential oils in an amount of about 0.01 to about 20% by weight of
the cosmetic composition, one or more occlusives in an amount of
about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of the cosmetic composition,
and/or one or more agents useful for treating wrinkles in the skin
in an amount of about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of the cosmetic
composition.
[0015] In one embodiment, the cosmetic composition is in the form
of an emulsion adapted for moisturizing skin (e.g., a lotion,
cream, or body butter), wherein the cosmetic composition comprises
water in an amount up to about 80% by weight, a tobacco seed oil in
an amount up to about 10% by weight, one or more emollients in an
amount up to about 20% by weight, one or more emulsifiers in an
amount up to about 15% by weight, and one or more humectants in an
amount up to about 10% by weight. In another embodiment, the
cosmetic composition is in the form of an emulsion adapted for
cleansing skin or hair (e.g., a facial cleanser or shampoo),
wherein the cosmetic composition comprises water in an amount up to
about 80% by weight, a tobacco seed oil in an amount up to about
10% by weight, one or more emulsifiers in an amount up to about 15%
by weight, and one or more surfactants in an amount up to about 50%
by weight. Either composition can include one more additional
cosmetic adjuvants, such as any of the adjuvants noted herein in
any representative amount noted herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The present invention now will be described more fully
hereinafter. This invention may, however, be embodied in many
different forms and should not be construed as limited to the
embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are
provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and
will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in
the art. As used in this specification and the claims, the singular
forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the
context clearly dictates otherwise. Reference to "dry weight
percent" or "dry weight basis" refers to weight on the basis of dry
ingredients (i.e., all ingredients except water).
[0017] In the present invention, cosmetic compositions are provided
that include a tobacco derived component from any portion of a
Nicotiana plant species. In certain embodiments, cosmetic
compositions are provided that include an extract from a seed of
the Nicotiana species and one or more cosmetically acceptable
carriers to act as a diluent, dispersant or carrier for the
composition, so as to facilitate its distribution when the
composition is applied to the skin or hair. Exemplary carriers
include water, and may include, in addition to or in lieu of water,
liquid or solid emollients, organic or aqueous co-solvents,
humectants, thickeners and powders. Aqueous carriers include water
or a miscible mixture of water and an organic co-solvent (e.g.,
lower alkyl alcohols or polyhydric alcohols). The lower alkyl
alcohols useful herein can comprise monohydric alcohols having 1 to
6 carbons. In some embodiments, the solvent comprises ethanol,
isopropanol, or a mixture thereof. Polyhydric alcohols useful in
cosmetic compositions can include, for example, propylene glycol
(PPG-12), hexylene glycol, glycerin, propane diol, and mixtures
thereof. In some embodiments, the solvent comprises C13-14
isoparaffin.
[0018] The tobacco seed extract may comprise any extracted portion
of a seed of the Nicotiana species (also referred to generically
herein as a tobacco seed extract). Typically, such extracts are
characterized as having a significant lipid content and, thus, find
use as an oil component in a cosmetic composition. Examples of the
types of components that can be present in a tobacco seed extract
include various fatty acids and triglycerides. Exemplary fatty
acids include palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, caprylic
acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmetoleic acid,
heptadecanoic acid, heptadecenoic acid, elaidic acid,
gamma-lenolenic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid,
11-eicosenoic acid, 8,11,14-eicosatrieonic acid,
11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, 5,8,11,14,17-eicosopentanoic acid,
heniecosenoic acid, lignoceric acid, 4,7,10,15,19-decosahexanoic
acid, and stearic acid. Exemplary triglycerides include
trilinolein, palmito-di-linolein, di-palmito-linolein, tripalmitin,
tristearin, and triolein.
[0019] In certain embodiments, the fatty acid content (including
free and triglyceride-bound fatty acids) of the tobacco seed
extracts of the invention comprises greater than about 50% by
weight linoleic acid, such as greater than about 60% by weight or
greater than about 65% by weight. In certain embodiments, the total
linoleic acid content is about 65% to about 80% by weight of the
fatty acids in the tobacco seed extract. Tobacco seed extracts
containing a majority amount of lipids (e.g., greater than about
50% by weight) is referred to herein as tobacco seed oil. Exemplary
components of tobacco seed extracts also include a variety of other
compounds having flavor and aroma characteristics such as amino
acids and various polyphenols.
[0020] In many cosmetic products, oil components form an important
part of the formulation. Oil components can be categorized into
three major groups including oils (including fats/butters), esters,
and waxes. All of these groups can function as emollients, but
based on their different chemical structures they can also have
different additional properties.
[0021] Oils and fats differ in that fats are generally solid at
room temperature. Both fats and oils are comprised of
triglycerides, which are glycerol esters having a glycerol core
with attached fatty acids. Fatty acids can be saturated or
unsaturated, which can determine the stability and property of the
oil. Saturated oils are more stable and do not become rancid as
quickly as unsaturated oils. However, unsaturated oils are
smoother, less greasy, and in some embodiments, can be absorbed
better by the skin.
[0022] Linoleic acid is an important fatty acid that the body needs
in order to survive. Its benefits are many, encompassing systemic
health benefits as well as cosmetic benefits to the skin and hair.
Linoleic acid can be derived from animal fats, and also found in
vegetable-derived oils, soy lecithin, safflower oil, bitter almond
oil, and sunflower oil, for example.
[0023] Linoleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid that can be used,
for example, as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetic
compositions. Many of its properties can help skin with problems
such as acne, dryness, and swelling. There is some research showing
it to be effective in cell regulation and skin-barrier repair, as
well as an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory. Archives of
Dermatological Research, July 1998, pages 375-381; Clinical and
Experimental Dermatology, March 1998, pages 56-58; Journal of
Investigative Dermatology, May 1996, pages 1096-1101; and Seminars
in Dermatology, June 1992, pages 169-175. In certain embodiments,
linoleic acid can enable the skin to hold moisture better such that
both a soothing and moisturizing effect is associated with
compositions including linoleic acid. For at least these reasons,
linoleic acid can be beneficial for many cosmetic products such as
lotions, creams, soaps, and even some medications. Accordingly, the
high content of linoleic acid found in tobacco seed extracts
renders such extracts particularly beneficial in cosmetic
formulations.
[0024] Addition of the tobacco seed extract of the invention to a
cosmetic composition can enhance a cosmetic composition in a
variety of ways, depending on the nature of the seed extract and
the type of cosmetic composition. Exemplary seed extracts can serve
to provide flavor and/or aroma to a cosmetic product (e.g.,
composition that alters the sensory characteristics of cosmetic
compositions). A tobacco seed extract can also provide an
advantageous source of linoleic acid in cosmetic products. Tobacco
seed oil can replace the oil components conventionally used in
cosmetic products. The high concentration of linoleic acid of the
tobacco seed oil can provide beneficial effects on skin and hair,
particularly when dealing with problems such as acne, dryness, and
swelling. In certain embodiments, cosmetic products incorporating
tobacco seed oil can also be effective in cell regulation and
skin-barrier repair, as well as provide an antioxidant and an
anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, tobacco seed oil can be used
as an effective and efficient emollient in cosmetic compositions.
In some compositions, tobacco seed oil can also function as a
surfactant in a cosmetic composition.
[0025] Cosmetic compositions of the invention can be in the form of
a liquid, a lotion, a thickened lotion, a gel, a cream, a milk, an
ointment, a paste, a plaster, a powder, a foam, a make-up, or a
stick, and can optionally be packaged as an aerosol such as an
aerosol mousse or spray foam, or embedded or absorbed in a wipe. In
some embodiments, the compositions according to the invention are
provided in the form of a simple or complex emulsion (e.g., O/W,
W/O, O/W/O or W/O/W), and more particularly in the form of a lotion
or cream.
[0026] The tobacco seed extract of the invention can find use in a
variety of cosmetic formulations, including skin care preparations
(e.g., body oils, body lotions, body gels, treatment creams, skin
protection ointments, shaving preparations such as shaving foams or
gels, skin powders such as baby powder, moisturizing gels,
moisturizing sprays, revitalizing body sprays, cellulite gels,
suntan lotions and oils, anti-acne preparations, and peeling
preparations); hair care preparations (e.g., shampoos, hair
conditioners, hair tonics, styling creams, styling gels, pomades,
hair rinses, hair-straightening preparations, hair-setting
preparations, hair foams, hairsprays, lacquers, perming agents, and
hair dying or bleaching agents); decorative or makeup preparations
(e.g., lipstick, eye shadow, mascaras, dry and moist make-up,
rouge, and powders); as well as various pharmaceutical formulations
applied to skin or hair such as hormone compositions, vitamin
compositions, and antimicrobial (e.g., antibacterial or antifungal)
compositions.
[0027] The compositions of the invention may additionally comprise
one or more conventional cosmetic adjuvants, such as additional fat
or lipid substances, organic solvents, thickeners, binders,
conditioning agents (e.g., hydrocarbon oils, fatty esters,
silicones), demulcents, opacifiers, stabilizers, buffering agents,
humectants, pigments, dyes, viscosity modifiers, emollients,
antiperspirants, anti-foaming agents, foam boosters, hair
colorants, hair perming agents, hair growth or restorer agents,
hair loss prevention agents, abrasives, absorbents, anti-acne
agents, anti-caking agents, moisturizing agents, perfumes or
fragrances, preservatives, sunscreens, astringents, propellants,
bleaching or lightening agents for skin or hair, tanning agents,
deposition aids, suspending agents, polymers, fillers,
sequestrants, bactericides and/or odor absorbers, antifungal
agents, alkalinizing or acidifying agents, pearlescent aids,
chelants, proteins, anti-dandruff agents, surfactants, emulsifiers,
anti-free radical agents, antioxidants, vitamins (e.g., vitamins A,
B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D, E, etc. and their derivatives),
.alpha.-hydroxy acids, or any other ingredient normally used in
cosmetics. Commonly used natural and synthetic adjuvants are
described, for example, in Breslawec, Halyna P., and Tara E.
Gottschalck. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and
Handbook. Washington, D.C.: Personal Care Products Council, 2012,
(hereinafter "Cosmetic Handbook") and Personal Care Products
Council (formerly the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association
or CTFA) ingredient information (see
http://www.personalcarecounclorg/public-information/consumer-ingredient-i-
nformation), the content of which is hereby incorporated by
reference in its entirety.
[0028] The amount of tobacco seed extract will vary depending on
the type of cosmetic composition and its desired function within
the formulation. Typically, tobacco seed extracts can be used in
the same amounts conventionally used for lipid components in
cosmetic formulations. In certain embodiments, the tobacco seed
extract is present in an amount of about 0.1% by weight to about
20% by weight, such as about 1% to about 10% by weight, based on
the total weight of the cosmetic formulation. In some embodiments,
the amount of tobacco seed extract can be characterized as at least
about 0.5% by weight, at least about 1.0% by weight, at least about
1.5% by weight, or at least about 2.0% by weight, based on total
weight of the cosmetic formulation.
[0029] The cosmetically acceptable carrier will usually form from
about 5% to about 99.9%, preferably from about 25% to about 80% by
weight of the cosmetic formulation. Typically, the carrier is at
least 80% by weight water, based on total weight of the carrier. In
certain embodiments, water comprises at least 50% by weight of the
inventive composition, most often from about 60 to about 80% by
total weight of the composition.
[0030] The total amount of various adjuvants contained in the
cosmetic formulations of the invention can vary, depending on the
cosmetic type and desired functionality of the formulation. In some
embodiments, each cosmetic adjuvant will be present in an amount of
about 0.1% by weight to about 20% by weight (e.g., about 0.5% to
about 10% by weight) and the total adjuvant content will be about
15% to about 40% by weight (e.g., about 20% to about 30% by
weight), based on the total weight of the formulation.
Method of Forming Tobacco Seed Extract
[0031] The seed material used in the invention is provided from the
seed of the plant of the Nicotiana species, which is the
characteristic reproductive structure of the plant (e.g., seed
producing structure). See, for example, Frega et al., JAOCS, 68,
29-33 (1991); Patel et al., Tob. Res., 24, 44-49 (1998); Giannelos
et al., Ind. Crops Prod., 16, 1-9 (2002); Mukhtar et al., Chinese
J. Chem., 25, 705-708 (2007); Stanisavljevic et al., Eur. J. Lipid
Sci. Technol., 111, 513-518 (2009); which are incorporated herein
by reference.
[0032] The selection of the plant from the Nicotiana species can
vary; and in particular, the types of tobacco or tobaccos may vary.
Tobaccos that can be employed include flue-cured or Virginia (e.g.,
K326), burley, sun-cured (e.g., Indian Kurnool and Oriental
tobaccos, including Katerini, Prelip, Komotini, Xanthi and Yambol
tobaccos), Maryland, dark, dark-fired, dark air cured (e.g.,
Passanda, Cubano, Jatin and Bezuki tobaccos), light air cured
(e.g., North Wisconsin and Galpao tobaccos), Indian air cured, Red
Russian and Rustica tobaccos, as well as various other rare or
specialty tobaccos. Descriptions of various types of tobaccos,
growing practices and harvesting practices are set forth in Tobacco
Production, Chemistry and Technology, Davis et al. (Eds.) (1999),
which is incorporated herein by reference. Nicotiana species can be
derived using genetic-modification or crossbreeding techniques
(e.g., tobacco plants can be genetically engineered or crossbred to
increase or decrease production of or to other change certain
components, characteristics or attributes). For example, the
Nicotiana species can be selected on the basis of producing
relatively numerous seeds, or producing seeds that incorporate
relatively high levels of specific desired components, and the
like. Additional information on types of Nicotiana species suitable
for use in the present invention can be found in US Pat. Appl. Pub.
No. 2012/0192880 to Dube et al., which is incorporated by reference
herein. Tobacco plants can be grown in greenhouses, growth
chambers, or outdoors in fields, or grown hydroponically.
[0033] The manner by which the seed is harvested can vary.
Typically, the seed is removed from the rest of the plant by
cutting or breaking the so-called seed head or seed capsule from
the rest of the plant. Virtually all of the seed (e.g., the whole
seed) can be harvested and employed as such. Seeds can be isolated
using typical mechanical separation and collection techniques.
[0034] The time of harvest during the life cycle of the plant can
vary. For example, the seed can be harvested when immature, and as
such, the inflorescence or flower head can be removed from the
plant. Alternatively, the seed head or seed capsule can be
harvested from the plant after the point that the seed has reached
maturity.
[0035] The post-harvest processing of the seed can vary. After
harvest, the seed, or portion thereof, can be used in the harvested
form (e.g., the seed can be used without being subjected to any
curing and/or aging process steps). For example, the seed can be
used without being subjected to significant storage, handling or
processing conditions. In certain situations, it is preferable that
the fresh seed be used virtually immediately after harvest.
Alternatively, the tobacco seed material can be subjected to
various treatment processes such as, refrigeration, freezing,
drying (e.g., freeze-drying or spray-drying), irradiation,
yellowing, heating, cooking (e.g., roasting, frying or boiling),
fermentation, bleaching or otherwise subjected to storage or
treatment for later use. Exemplary processing techniques are
described, for example, in US Pat. Appl. Pub. Nos. 2009/0025739 to
Brinkley et al. and 2011/0174323 to Coleman, III et al., which are
incorporated by reference herein.
[0036] At least a portion of the seed of the Nicotiana species can
be treated with enzymes and/or probiotics before or after harvest,
as discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/444,272 to
Marshall et al., filed on Apr. 11, 2012 and U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 13/553,222 to Moldoveanu, filed on Jul. 19, 2012, which
are incorporated herein by reference.
[0037] The harvested seed can be physically processed. The seed, or
parts thereof, can be further subdivided into parts or pieces
(e.g., the seed can be comminuted, pulverized, milled or ground
into pieces or parts that can be characterized as granules,
particulates or fine powders). The seed, or parts thereof, can be
subjected to external forces or pressure (e.g., by being pressed or
subjected to roll treatment). When carrying out such processing
conditions, the seed can have a moisture content that approximates
its natural moisture content (e.g., its moisture content
immediately upon harvest), a moisture content achieved by adding
moisture to the seed or a moisture content that results from the
drying of the seed. For example, powdered, pulverized, ground or
milled pieces of seed can have moisture contents of less than about
25 weight percent, often less than about 20 weight percent, and
frequently less than about 15 weight percent. Parts or pieces of
the seed can be used as components of cosmetic products without
further processing, or alternatively the particulate seed material
can be processed further prior to incorporation into a cosmetic
product. The harvested seed, or components thereof, can be
subjected to other types of processing conditions. For example,
components of the seed can be separated from one another, or
otherwise fractionated into chemical classes or mixtures of
individual compounds, as set forth more fully below, in order to
form a tobacco seed extract.
[0038] Typical separation processes can include one or more process
steps such as solvent extraction (e.g., using polar solvents,
non-polar organic solvents, or supercritical fluids),
chromatography, distillation, filtration, cold pressing or other
pressure-based techniques, recrystallization, and/or
solvent-solvent partitioning. Exemplary extraction and separation
solvents or carriers include water, alcohols (e.g., methanol or
ethanol), hydrocarbons (e.g., heptane and hexane), diethyl ether
methylene chloride and supercritical carbon dioxide. Exemplary
techniques useful for extracting components from Nicotiana species
are described in or referenced in US Pat. Appl. Pub. Nos.
2011/0259353 to Coleman, III et al. and 2012/0211016 to Byrd, Jr.
et al., which are incorporated by reference herein. Various other
additives can be used in the extraction process, including, but not
limited to, surfactants and co-solvents.
[0039] The conditions of the extraction process can vary. In some
embodiments, the seed of the Nicotiana species is combined with a
solvent to form a suspension or slurry. In certain embodiments, the
amount of solvent added can be at least about 50 weight percent, or
at least about 60 weight percent, or at least about 70 weight
percent, based on the total weight of the suspension or slurry. In
some cases, the amount of solvent can be described as at least
about 80 weight percent or at least about 90 weight percent.
[0040] The temperature and pressure of the extraction process can
vary. Exemplary temperatures include room temperature or an
elevated temperature, such as greater than about 50.degree. C.,
greater than about 60.degree. C., greater than about 70.degree. C.,
greater than about 80.degree. C., or greater than about 90.degree.
C. Typical pressures experienced during extraction range from about
atmospheric pressure to about 1,000 psig.
[0041] The amount of time required to effectuate extraction is
partially dependent on the temperature and pressure at which the
extraction is conducted. For example, in some embodiments, heating
the material to an elevated temperature and/or pressurizing the
material increases the rate of extraction. The time range for the
extraction process is typically at least about 30 minutes (e.g., at
least about 1 hour or at least about 2 hours) and typically less
than about 24 hours (e.g., less than about 12 hours or less than
about 8 hours), although other time periods could be used without
departing from the invention. In some embodiments, multiple
extractions can be conducted to extract additional compounds
therefrom. See, for example, US Patent App. Publ. No. 2008/0254149
to Havlin-Frenkel, which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0042] In some embodiments, a tobacco extract described herein is
further treated by filtration. Extracts can, in some embodiments,
comprise some level of solid (insoluble) material entrained in the
liquid. Following extraction, an extracted liquid component can
thus be filtered to remove at least some of the solids. In other
words, some or all of the portion of the plant material that is
insoluble in the extraction solvent is removed. The process of
filtration can comprise passing the liquid through one or more
filter screens to remove selected sizes of particulate matter.
Screens may be, for example, stationary, vibrating, rotary, or any
combination thereof. Filters may be, for example, press filters or
pressure filters. In some embodiments, the filtration method used
can involve microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and/or
nanofiltration. A filter aid can be employed to provide effective
filtration and can comprise any material typically used for this
purpose. For example, some common filter aids include cellulose
fibers, perlite, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, and other siliceous
materials. To remove solid components, alternative methods can also
be used, for example, centrifugation or settling/sedimentation of
the components and siphoning off of the liquid.
[0043] Although in some embodiments, the tobacco extract is used
directly, it may be desirable to thermally treat the tobacco
extract in order to, for example, pasteurize the material or
otherwise chemically alter the material. This thermal treatment can
be conducted before or after any of the processes described herein
for the extraction of one or more components from a plant of the
Nicotiana species. For example, a tobacco extract can be thermally
processed by mixing the tobacco extract, water, and an additive
such as an amino acid or asparaginase; and heating the moist
tobacco mixture at a temperature of at least about 60.degree. C. to
form a heat-treated tobacco mixture. Such heat treatment can help
prevent acrylamide production resulting from reaction of asparagine
with reducing sugars in tobacco materials and can provide some
degree of pasteurization. See, for example, US Pat. Pub. No.
2010/0300463 to Chen et al., which is incorporated herein by
reference.
[0044] Additionally, the tobacco extract can be brought into
contact with an imprinted polymer or non-imprinted polymer such as
described, for example, in US Pat. Pub. Nos. 2007/0186940 to
Bhattacharyya et al; 2011/0041859 to Rees et al.; and 2011/0159160
to Jonsson et al; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/111,330
to Byrd et al., filed May 19, 2011, all of which are incorporated
herein by reference. Treatment with a molecularly imprinted or
non-imprinted polymer can be used to remove certain components of
the extract, such as Hoffmann analytes.
[0045] Various methods of solvent removal can be employed, such as
heat treatment to evaporate the solvent, reverse osmosis membrane
treatment, spray drying or freeze drying. In one embodiment, the
concentration process can entail heating the extracted liquid in a
vented vessel to evaporate a portion of the water. The temperature
and pressure at which the liquid is heated may vary. See, for
example, the solvent removal techniques set forth in US Pat. Pub.
No. 2012/0152265 to Dube et al., which is incorporated by reference
herein.
[0046] Of particular interest in the present invention is the oil
that can be extracted from the tobacco seeds. Methods of extracting
oil components from plant seeds are described, for example, in U.S.
Pat. No. 4,008,210 to Steele et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,009,290 to
Okumori et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,045,879 to Witte; U.S. Pat. No.
4,122,104 to Witte; U.S. Pat. No. 4,298,540 to Youn et al.; U.S.
Pat. No. 4,359,417 to Karnofsky et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,456,556 to
Grimsby; U.S. Pat. No. 4,456,557 to Grimsby; U.S. Pat. No.
4,466,923 to Friedrich; U.S. Pat. No. 4,515,726 to Sullivan; U.S.
Pat. No. 4,847,106 to Pike et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,071 to
Strop; U.S. Pat. No. 5,296,621 to Roos et al.; U.S. Pat. No.
5,397,571 to Roland et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,095 to Walters et
al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,083,729 to Martin et al.; U.S. Pat. No.
6,225,483 to Franke; U.S. Pat. No. 6,403,126 to Webster et al.;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,414,172 to Garces et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,417,157
to Wadsworth et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,495,175 to Rao et al.; U.S.
Pat. No. 6,504,085 to Howard; U.S. Pat. No. 6,860,998 to Wilde;
U.S. Pat. No. 7,074,449 to Holley et al.; and U.S. Pat. No.
7,156,981 to Wilde et al.; US Patent Appl. Pub. Nos. 2002/0121628
to Kapila et al.; 2004/0009242 to Krasutsky et al.; 2005/0042347 to
Bathurst et al.; 2005/0147722 to Fan et al.; 2006/0111578 to
Arhancet et al., and 2011/0259353 to Coleman III et al.; and WO
2009/110775 to Murzagaliyev et al., all of which are incorporated
by reference herein.
[0047] There are a number of methods for extracting tobacco seed
oil. The relevant part of the plant may be placed under pressure to
extract the oil, which provides an expressed oil. Oils may also be
extracted from tobacco by dissolving tobacco seeds in a suitable
solvent. The solution is then separated from the plant material and
concentrated, giving an extracted or leached oil. Alternatively,
the oil can be extracted by distilling the oil away from the plant
material, thereby giving an essential oil. A fourth method includes
infusing parts of plants in a base oil, a process called
liquid-liquid extraction, and thereby making a macerated oil.
[0048] Components of the tobacco seed can be subjected to
conditions so as to cause those components (whether as part of the
seed or in the form of a seed extract) to undergo chemical
transformation. For example, seed extracts that have been separated
from the seed can be treated to cause chemical transformation. The
chemical transformations or modification of the seed extract can
result in changes of certain chemical and physical properties of
those seed extracts (e.g., the sensory attributes of those
extracts). Exemplary chemical modification processes can be carried
out by acid/base reaction, hydrolysis, heating (e.g., a thermal
treatment where the seed isolate is subjected to an elevated
temperature such as a temperature of at least about 50.degree. C.
or at least about 75.degree. C. or at least about 90.degree. C.),
and enzymatic treatments (e.g., using hydrolyase, glycosidase, or
glucocidase); and as such, components of the seed extract can
undergo esterification, transesterification, isomeric conversion,
acetal formation, acetal decomposition, and the like. Additionally,
various isolated lipid components of the seed extract can be
subjected to hydrogenation in order to alter the degree of
saturation of those components, and hence alter the physical form
or behavior of those components.
[0049] In one aspect, tobacco seed can be cold pressed in order to
squeeze lipids from the seed, and those lipid components are
collected and optionally further isolated; or alternatively the
seed can be subjected to solvent extraction using a solvent (e.g.,
a polar solvent or a non-polar organic solvent), and the resulting
extract is collected and the extracted components are optionally
further isolated. Still further, tobacco seed material is
optionally subjected to enzymatic treatment to form an
enzymatically-treated seed material. The enzymatically-treated
material then is subjected to solvent extraction to form a seed
extract.
[0050] In one embodiment, the separating or isolating process
comprises freezing a harvested seed or a portion thereof to form a
frozen seed material, processing the frozen seed into a particulate
form, subjecting the particulate seed material to an enzymatic
treatment to chemically alter the particulate seed material, and
extracting the particulate seed material with a solvent to produce
a seed extract. Exemplary enzymatic treatments include treatment
with a glycosidase or a glucocidase.
[0051] Refining tobacco seed oil can provide advantageous
compositions useful in the present invention. For example, in
various embodiments, raw oil comprises about 80% by weight
triglyceride bound fatty acids and about 20% free fatty acids. In
contrast, refined oil can comprise about 96-99% triglyceride bound
fatty acids and only about 1-4% free fatty acids. Regardless of
whether the fatty acids are free or bound, the proportion of fatty
acids in various embodiments of tobacco seed oil can be about
69-71% by weight linoleic acid, about 11-13% oleic acid, about
8-11% palmitic, about 3-5% stearic acid, and about 2-3% various
other medium chained fatty acids. Tobacco seed oil can be
characterized by analysis of free fatty acids by using
trimethylsilylation (TMS) derivatization followed by GC-MS
analysis. For triglyceride bound fatty acids, the fatty acids are
base hydrolyzed from glycerin and then analyzed by the same method.
Fatty acid content can also be measured by using standardized
methods provided by the Association of Analytical Communities
(AOAC) or the American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS).
[0052] A tobacco seed oil of the invention can be further refined
in order to reduce the free fatty acid content thereof in order to
enhance storage stability. For example, in certain embodiments, a
crude tobacco seed oil will have about 20% to about 30% by weight
free fatty acid content. Both physical and chemical refining
techniques (or combinations thereof) can be used. Physical
techniques include distillation, which separates the free fatty
acids from the desired triglycerides based on difference in boiling
point. A typical chemical refining technique involves alkaline
neutralization of the fatty acids, dilution of the resulting
aqueous-soluble phase, and separation of the neutralized acids from
the remaining lipid components, such as by centrifugation. In
certain embodiments, the refined tobacco seed oil of the invention
has a free fatty acid content of less than about 15% by weight,
such as less than about 10% by weight, less than about 8% by
weight, or less than about 5% by weight, based on the total weight
of the tobacco seed oil.
[0053] The form of the tobacco seed extract can vary. Typically,
the seed extract is in a solid, liquid, or semi-solid or gel form.
The seed extract can be used in concrete, absolute, or neat form.
The seed extract can have a dry particulate form, a waxy form, or a
thick paste form. The tobacco extract can also be used in an
encapsulated form, such as encapsulated within microcapsules having
an outer wall and an inner payload that includes the extract.
[0054] Although particularly advantageous embodiments of the
invention focus on extracts from tobacco seeds, such as tobacco
seed oil, other components of the tobacco plant or extracts thereof
could also be used in a cosmetic formulation. For example,
components of a tobacco plant, such as leaves, stem, stalk, roots,
lamina, flowers, and various portions and combinations thereof (or
extracts therefrom), could be used in a cosmetic formulation.
Extracts from such tobacco plant components can include, for
example, terpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, esters (e.g.,
terpenoid esters and fatty acid esters), alcohols, aldehydes,
ketones, carboxylic acids, lactones, anhydrides, phenols quinones,
ethers, nitriles, amines, amides, imides, nitroalkanes,
nitrophenols, nitroarenes, nitrogen-containing heterocyclics,
lactams, oxazoles, aza-arenes, sulfur-containing compounds,
alkaloids (e.g., nicotine), plastid pigments (e.g., chlorophylls or
carotenoids), lipids (e.g., phytosterols), and derivatives thereof.
Extracts from various portions of the tobacco plant can serve
various functions within a cosmetic, such as enhancement of sensory
characteristics (e.g., by providing an aroma or flavor), serving as
a binder or filler, or otherwise augmenting or replacing
conventional cosmetic ingredients. Various references in the art
teach methods of extracting or deriving components from tobacco,
such as starch or sugar (U.S. Appl. Pub. Nos. 2012/0138074 to
Cantrell et al. and 2012/0141648 to Morton et al.), polymeric or
bioplastic materials (U.S. Appl. Pub. Nos. 2012/0192882 to Dube et
al. and 2012/0211016 to Byrd et al.), glycerin (U.S. Appl. Pub. No.
2012/0260929 to Coleman et al.), various flavorful or aromatic
compounds (U.S. Appl. Pub. No. 2012/0272976 to Byrd et al.),
triacetin (U.S. Appl. Pub. No. 2012/0298125 to Dube et al.), pectin
(U.S. Appl. Pub. No. 2013/0125904 to Chen et al.), microcrystalline
cellulose (U.S. application Ser. No. 13/451,032 to Byrd et al.),
and proteins (U.S. application Ser. No. 13/830,063 to Mua et al.),
all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
Exemplary Cosmetic Adjuvants
[0055] In addition to tobacco seed extract (e.g., tobacco seed
oil), cosmetic compositions of the invention can comprise various
other ingredients depending on the desired purpose of the
composition. It should be understood that although the following
exemplary adjuvants may be identified as a certain type/class of
adjuvant, or for a particular purpose/function within the cosmetic
composition, various ingredients have several purposes that may not
be listed herein. Therefore, an adjuvant can serve multiple
functions in a composition, despite the non-limiting
classifications and examples below.
[0056] Certain compositions of the present invention can comprise
an emulsifier, particularly where the cosmetic uses the tobacco
seed oil as at least a portion of the oily phase of an emulsion.
Emulsifiers, which can be synthetic or natural, can be useful to
blend ingredients that otherwise would be immiscible. Natural
emulsifiers can include, for example, olive oil, olive oil/wheat
protein, olive oil/oat protein, sucrose esters, rice bran
emulsifiers, and or various other food and pharmaceutical grade
emulsifiers, alone or in combination. Synthetic emulsifiers can
include, for example, silicone emulsifiers, such as dimethicone
copolyols; sulfonates and sulfonic acids derivatives; phosphorous
organic derivatives; sugar esters; fatty esters, such as sorbitan
monolaurate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan
palmitate, sorbitan oleate, cetearyl olivate, sorbitan olivate;
polyesters/PEG (polyethylene glycol) derivatives, such as
Polysorbate 20 (polyethylene glycol 20 sorbitan monolaurate); fatty
acid esters of fatty alcohols, such as glyceryl stearate, isopropyl
stearate, hexyl laurate; fatty acid amides; acyl lactylates;
alkoxylated compounds, such as alkoxylated block polymers,
alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, fatty esters, fatty acids,
oils, sugar esters and polyesters, fatty acid esters of fatty
alcohols, and ethers of fatty alcohols; carboxylated alcohol
ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates; carboxylic acids/fatty
acids; bases such as triethanolamine; fatty alcohols such as
cetearyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. The total amount of an
emulsifier contained in the cosmetic formulations of the invention
can vary. In some embodiments, an emulsifier will be present in an
amount of about 0.01% by weight to about 20% by weight, or about
0.1% to about 10% by weight, or about 0.5% to about 5% by weight,
based on the total weight of the formulation.
[0057] Compositions according to the present invention also can
include one or more essential and natural oils. In certain
embodiments, the one or more oils is present in an amount of about
0.1% by weight to about 20% by weight, such as about 1% to about
10% by weight, based on the total weight of the cosmetic
formulation. In some embodiments, the amount of oils can be
characterized as at least about 0.5% by weight, at least about 1.0%
by weight, at least about 1.5% by weight, at least about 2.0% by
weight, or at least about 5% by weight, based on total weight of
the cosmetic formulation. As described above, tobacco seed oil can
be substituted for oils traditionally used in cosmetic
compositions; however, other essential and natural oils can be used
in addition to tobacco seed oil in some embodiments. Natural oils
can include, for example, jojoba oil, sweet almond oil, coconut
oil, shea butter, mango butter, and/or aloe vera butter or mixtures
thereof. Essential oils can be synthetic or natural. Natural
essential oils can include, for example, bergamot, chamomile
german, chamomile maroc, chamomile roman, cinnamon zeylanicum,
clove buds, eucalyptus globulus, frankincense, fennel, hyssop,
juniper, lemon grass, mountain savory, niaouli, peppermint, red
thyme, rosemary, rose geranium, tagestes, and ylang ylang.
[0058] Synthetic essential oils can include, for example, esters,
such as acetylated castor oil, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl
dioleate, glyceryl distearate, glyceryl trioctanoate, glyceryl
distearate, glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl myristate, glyceryl
isostearate, PEG castor oils, PEG glyceryl oleates, PEG glyceryl
stearates, PEG glyceryl tallowates, PEG-4 diheptanoate,
hydrogenated castor oil, isotridecyl isononanoate, isostearyl
neopentanoate, tridecyl neopentanoate, cetyl octanoate, cetyl
palmitate, cetyl ricinoleate, cetyl stearate, cetyl myristate,
coco-dicaprylate/caprate, decyl isostearate, isodecyl oleate,
isodecyl neopentanoate, isohexyl neopentanoate, tridecyl octanoate,
octyl palmitate, dioctyl malate, tridecyl octanoate, myristyl
myristate, octododecanol; fatty alcohols such as oleyl alcohol,
isocetyl alcohol; and also silicone oils, isoparaffins,
hydrogenated polyisobutene, petrolatum, lanolin derivatives, and
sorbitan derivatives. Other natural and synthetic oils can be found
in the Cosmetic Handbook and Personal Care Products Council
ingredient information.
[0059] Embodiments of compositions according to the present
invention also can include thickeners, which can be used to gel or
thicken cosmetic compositions. In certain embodiments, thickeners
can provide, for example, better deposition properties of the
cosmetic product. When present in the cosmetic composition, the
thickening agent can be included in an amount from about 0.01% to
about 10%, alternatively from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight of
the composition. Thickeners can be either synthetic or natural.
Natural thickeners can include waxes, gums and powders and mixtures
thereof. Natural waxes can include, for example, beeswax, carnauba,
and/or candelilla and mixtures thereof. Natural gums can include,
for example, acacia, xanthan, schelortium (amigel), and/or
cellulose and mixtures thereof. Natural powders can include, for
example, clay, diatomaceous earth, fuller's earth, silica, silica
shells or spherical silica, fumed silica, spherical silica,
hydrated silica, silica silylate, mica, titanated mica, talc,
cellulose or spherical cellulose beads, microcrystalline cellulose,
corn starch, rice starch, glyceryl starch, soy flour, walnut shell
powder, agar, sericite, dextran, nylon, silk powder, chalk, calcium
carbonate, bismuth oxychloride, iron oxide, titanium dioxide,
aluminum silicate, magnesium aluminum silicate, calcium silicate,
magnesium trisilicate, aluminum starch octenylsuccinate, bentonite,
hectorite, kaolin, maltodextrin, montmorillonite, zinc laurate,
zinc myristate, zinc rosinate, alumina, attapulgite, tin oxide,
titanium hydroxide, trimagnesium phosphate, or mixtures
thereof.
[0060] Synthetic thickeners can include, for example, AMP
isostearoyl hydrolyzed collagen, AMP isostearoyl hydrolyzed wheat
protein, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate VP copolymer, cetyl
hydroxyethylcellulose, chondroitin sulfate,
cocoamidopropyldimethylamine C.sub.8-16 isoalkysuccinyl
lactoglobulin sulfonate, cocodimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed
collagen, distarch phosphate, ethyl ester of hydrolyzed animal
protein, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, glyceryl
polymethacrylate, hydrolyzed animal or plant protein, hydroxypropyl
guar, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,
isostearoyl hydrolyzed collagen, methylcellulose, nitrocellulose,
nonoxynyl hydroxyethylcellulose, acrylate polymers, acrylamine
polymers, acrylic acid polymers (carbomer), PVMIMA Decadiene
crosspolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, silicone oils,
polyethylene thickeners, aluminum starch octenyl succinate,
trihydroxystearin, and mixtures thereof. Other natural and
synthetic thickeners can be found in the Cosmetic Handbook and
Personal Care Products Council ingredient information.
[0061] As noted above, compositions according to the present
invention can include waxes. In some embodiments, suitable waxes
can have a melting point ranging from 35 to 120.degree. C., and
include, for example, natural and synthetic waxes. When present in
the cosmetic composition, a wax can be included in an amount from
about 0.01% to about 10%, alternatively from about 0.1% to about
5%, by weight of the composition. Natural waxes can be, for
example, esters of fatty acids and a long chain alcohol. Natural
waxes can include, for example, bayberry wax, beeswax, candelilla
wax, carnauba wax, hydrogenated jojoba oil, hydrogenated jojoba
wax, hydrogenated microcrystalline wax, hydrogenated rice bran wax,
Japan wax, jojoba butter, jojoba oil, jojoba wax, mink, ouricury,
ozokerite, rice bran, and/or shellac. In an embodiment, the
cosmetic composition comprises beeswax, which functions as a useful
emollient and thickener. Synthetic waxes can include, for example,
ceresin, cetyl esters (e.g., cetyl palmitate or cetyl ester wax,
both of which can replace spermaceti, a natural wax originally
obtained from whales), lanolin wax, microcrystalline wax, montan,
montan acid wax, paraffin, PEG-6 beeswax, PEG-8 beeswax,
polyolefin, sulfurized jojoba oil, synthetic beeswax (i.e.,
hydroxyoctacosanyl hydroxystearate), synthetic candelilla wax,
synthetic carnauba wax, synthetic Japan wax, synthetic jojoba oil,
synthetic wax, stearoxy dimethicone, dimethicone behenate, stearyl
dimethicone, and synthetic homo- and copolymer waxes from the
ethylene series or mixtures thereof, waxes obtained by
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, waxy copolymers and esters thereof, and
silicone waxes. In some embodiments, emulsifying waxes, a special
group of synthetic waxes, can be incorporated into a cosmetic
composition to serve primarily as an emulsifier as opposed to an
emollient. Other natural and synthetic waxes can be found in the
Cosmetic Handbook and Personal Care Products Council ingredient
information.
[0062] Embodiments of cosmetic compositions according to the
present invention can comprise a surfactant, also referred to as a
detersive component or soap. The surfactant can provide cleaning
performance to the composition. In various embodiments, surfactants
can be used to enhance lather volume of a cosmetic composition. In
some embodiments, surfactants can provide texture to the cosmetic
product. The surfactant can comprise an anionic surfactant,
zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactant, or combinations thereof.
Various examples and descriptions of detersive surfactants are set
forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,104,646, 6,106,609, and 6,649,155; U.S.
application Ser. No. 12/103,902; and U.S. Appl. Pub. No.
2008/0206355, and are incorporated herein by reference in their
entireties. Other surfactants can be found in the Cosmetic Handbook
and Personal Care Products Council ingredient information. When
present in the cosmetic composition, one or more surfactants can be
included in an amount from about 2% to about 50%, from about 5% to
about 30%, from about 10% to about 25%, or from about 1% to about
10%, by weight of the composition.
[0063] Non-limiting examples of suitable anionic surfactants
include alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates of the formula ROSO.sub.3M
and RO(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.xSO.sub.3M, wherein R is alkyl or
alkenyl of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and
M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium,
and triethanolamine cation or salts of the divalent magnesium ion
with two anionic surfactant anions. The alkyl ether sulfates can be
made as condensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric
alcohols having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. The alcohols
can be derived from fats such as coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel
oil, or tallow, or can be synthetic. These ingredients can be mixed
with an alkaline substance, usually sodium hydroxide, or lye, to
create a salt. Other suitable anionic surfactants include
water-soluble salts of the organic, sulfonic acids of the general
formula [R.sup.1--SO.sub.3M], wherein R.sup.1 is a straight chain
aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 13 to 17 carbon atoms,
and M is a water soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium,
potassium, and triethanolamine cation or salts of the divalent
magnesium ion with two anionic surfactant anions.
[0064] Anionic surfactants suitable for use herein include, for
example, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate,
triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate,
triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate,
monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate,
diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate,
lauric monoglyceride sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium
laureth sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl
sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl
sarcosine, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate,
sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl
sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate,
sodium trideceth sulfate, sodium tridecyl sulfate, sodium methyl
lauroyl taurate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium lauroyl
isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium
laurethsulfosuccinate, sodium laurylsulfosuccinate, sodium tridecyl
benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium C14-16
olefin sulfonate, and mixtures thereof.
[0065] In various embodiments, amphoteric surfactants suitable for
use in cosmetic compositions can be broadly described as
derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the
aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein one
of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18
carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group such as carboxy,
sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. In some embodiments,
for example, amphoteric surfactants for use in the cosmetic
composition comprise sodium 3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium
3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate,
N-alkyltaurines, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids, cocoamphoacetate,
cocoamphodiacetate, lauroamphoacetate, lauroamphodiacetate, and
mixtures thereof.
[0066] In some embodiments, zwitterionic surfactants suitable for
use in a cosmetic composition can be broadly described as
derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and
sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be
straight or branched chain, and wherein one of the aliphatic
substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one
contains an anionic group such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate,
phosphate or phosphonate. In some embodiments, for example,
zwitterionic surfactants for use in the cosmetic composition
comprise betaines such as coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine,
cocoamidopropyl betaine, cocobetaine, lauryl amidopropyl betaine,
oleyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl
dimethyl alphacarboxy ethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl
betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxymethyl betaine, stearyl
bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl
gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl
bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, and mixtures
thereof. The sulfobetaines can include coco dimethyl sulfopropyl
betaine, stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl
sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfopropyl betaine,
and mixtures thereof.
[0067] In certain embodiments, cationic and nonionic surfactants
can be used in cosmetic compositions. Cationic surfactants can be
derived from amines that are protonated at the pH of the
formulation, e.g. bis-hydroxyethyl lauryl amine, lauryl
dimethylamine, lauroyl dimethyl amidoproplyl amine,
cocoylamidopropyl amine, and the like. Cationic surfactants can
also be derived from fatty quaternary ammonium salts such as lauryl
trimethylammonium chloride and lauroylamidopropyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride.
[0068] Nonionic surfactants can comprise water soluble components
such as lauryl dimethylamine oxide, cocodimethylamine oxide,
cocoamidopropylamine oxide, laurylamidopropyl amine oxide, etc., or
alkylpolyethoxylates such as laureth-4 to laureth-7. Nonionic
surfactants can also comprise and water insoluble components such
as cocomonoethanol amide, cocodiethanol amide, lauroylmonoethanol
amide, alkanoyl isopropanol amides, and fatty alcohols such as
cetyl alcohol and oleyl achohol, and 2-hydroxyalkyl methyl ethers,
etc. In some embodiments of a cosmetic composition, nonionic
surfactants can be selected from the group consisting of glucose
amides, alkyl polyglucosides, sucrose cocoate, sucrose laurate,
alkanolamides, ethoxylated alcohols and mixtures thereof. In one
embodiment the nonionic surfactant is selected from the group
consisting of glyceryl monohydroxystearate, isosteareth-2,
trideceth-3, hydroxystearic acid, propylene glycol stearate, PEG-2
stearate, PEG-100 stearate, sorbitan monostearate, glyceryl
laurate, laureth-2, cocamide monoethanolamine, lauramide
monoethanolamine, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the
cosmetic composition can comprise polysorbate 60.
[0069] In some embodiments, the surfactant can be in the form of a
lamellar phase. It is proposed, without being limited by theory,
that a lamellar phase can provide resistance to shear, adequate
yield to suspend particles and droplets, desirable rheology
characteristics, and/or long term stability. Therefore, lamellar
compositions can be desirable, especially for suspending emollient
and for providing consumer aesthetics. The lamellar phase tends to
have a viscosity that minimizes the need for viscosity modifying
agents, however, lamellar compositions can be more expensive and
generally require more surfactant. As disclosed U.S. Pat. No.
5,952,286 to Kolodziej et al., herein incorporated by reference,
certain liquid fatty acids (e.g., long chain, unsaturated and/or
branched fatty acids); long chain, unsaturated and/or branched
alcohols (e.g., oleyl alcohol or isostearyl alcohol) or derivatives
(ester of fatty acids and ether of fatty acids) of these fatty
acids and/or alcohols can be used in a typical rod-micellar
solution and induce a lamellar phase. The lamellar phase surfactant
also can comprise short chain saturated fatty acids such as capric
acid and caprylic acid. Without being limited by theory, it is
believed that the unsaturated part of the fatty acid of alcohol or
the branched part of the fatty acid or alcohol acts to "disorder"
the surfactant hydrophobic chains and induce formation of lamellar
phase. Examples of suitable liquid fatty acids include oleic acid,
isostearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid,
elaidic acid, arichidonic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid,
and mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable ester derivatives
include propylene glycol isostearate, propylene glycol oleate,
glyceryl isostearate, glyceryl oleate, polyglyceryl diisostearate
and mixtures thereof. Examples of alcohols include oleyl alcohol
and isostearyl alcohol. Examples of ether derivatives include
isosteareth or oleth carboxylic acid; or isosteareth or oleth
alcohol. The structuring agent may be defined as having melting
point below about 25.degree. C. In a preferred embodiment, tobacco
seed oil can provide the suitable liquid fatty acid (i.e., linoleic
acid) necessary to induce a lamellar phase surfactant.
[0070] Non-limiting examples of other anionic, zwitterionic,
amphoteric, cationic, nonionic, or optional additional surfactants
suitable for use in the compositions are described in McCutcheon's,
Emulsifiers and Detergents, 1989 Annual, published by M. C.
Publishing Co.; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,929,678; 2,658,072; 2,438,091;
2,528,378; 2,658,072; 5,104,646 to Bolich Jr. et al., U.S. Pat. No.
5,106,609 to Bolich Jr. et al., each of which is herein
incorporated by reference.
[0071] Compositions according to the present invention can comprise
preservatives. Preservatives can be either synthetic or natural. In
certain embodiments, preservatives can be used to inhibit growth of
undesirable microorganisms. Natural preservatives can include black
currant fruit extract, aspen bark, radish root, and sorbic acid,
potassium sorbate, alone or in combination. Synthetic preservatives
can include, for example, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate,
tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, tocopheryl acetate, phenoxyethanol,
methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, imidazolidinyl urea,
diazolidinyl urea, DMDM hydantoin, isothiazolinones, chlorinated
aromatic compounds, para-hydroxybenzoic acids/parabens, alone or in
combination. In various embodiments, the cosmetic composition can
include disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). It is
believed that disodium EDTA can bind to metal ions and inactivate
them, thereby preventing deterioration of the cosmetic product,
protecting fragrance compounds, and preventing rancidity. Other
natural and synthetic preservatives can be found in the Cosmetic
Handbook and Personal Care Products Council ingredient information.
When present in the cosmetic composition, one or more preservatives
can be included in an amount from about 0.01% to about 20%,
alternatively from about 0.1% to about 10%, alternatively from
about 0.1% to about 5%, and alternatively from about 0.5% to about
3%, by weight of the composition.
[0072] In various embodiments, the cosmetic composition can
comprise an additional component such as an anti-dandruff agent
that is physically and chemically compatible with the essential
components of the composition, for example. Examples of
anti-dandruff agents include, but are not limited to, antimicrobial
actives, pyridinethione salts, azoles, selenium sulfide,
particulate sulfur, keratolytic acid, salicylic acid, octopirox
(piroctone olamine), coal tar, and combinations thereof.
Pyridinethione anti-dandruff agents are described, for example, in
U.S. Pat. No. 2,809,971; U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,733; U.S. Pat. No.
3,753,196; U.S. Pat. No. 3,761,418; U.S. Pat. No. 4,345,080; U.S.
Pat. No. 4,323,683; U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,753; and U.S. Pat. No.
4,470,982, each of which is herein incorporated by reference. Other
anti-dandruff agents can be found in the Cosmetic Handbook and
Personal Care Products Council ingredient information. When present
in the cosmetic composition, the anti-dandruff agent can be
included in an amount from about 0.01% to about 5%, alternatively
from about 0.1% to about 3%, and alternatively from about 0.3% to
about 2%, by weight of the composition.
[0073] Various embodiments of the cosmetic composition can comprise
one or more conditioning agents. Conditioning agents can include
materials which are used to give a particular conditioning benefit
to hair and/or skin Conditioning agents useful in cosmetic
compositions can comprise a water-insoluble, water-dispersible,
non-volatile, liquid that fauns emulsified, liquid particles.
Non-limiting examples of conditioning agents include allantoin,
xanthan gum, saturated methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (SMDI)
copolymers (e.g., PPG-12/SMDI copolymer which is a copolymer of
PPG-12 and SMDI monomers), materials characterized generally as
silicones (e.g., silicone oils, cationic silicones, silicone gums,
high refractive silicones, and silicone resins), organic
conditioning oils (e.g., hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins, and fatty
esters) or combinations thereof, or those conditioning agents which
otherwise form liquid, dispersed particles in an aqueous surfactant
matrix. Other conditioning agents can be found in the Cosmetic
Handbook and Personal Care Products Council ingredient information.
When present in the cosmetic composition, the conditioning agent
can be included in an amount from about 0.01% to about 10%,
alternatively from about 1.0% to about 5%, and alternatively from
about 0.01% to about 1%, by weight of the composition.
[0074] Some embodiments of cosmetic compositions can comprise a
suspending agent. The suspending agent can be present at
concentrations effective for suspending water-insoluble material in
dispersed faun in the cosmetic composition. In some embodiments,
the suspending agent can be present at concentrations effective for
modifying the viscosity of the cosmetic composition as desired for
the final cosmetic product. Such concentrations can range from
about 0.1% to about 10% or about 0.5% to about 5.0% by weight of
the composition. Suspending agents useful in the present invention
include, for example, crystalline suspending agents which can be
categorized as acyl derivatives, long chain amine oxides, and
mixtures thereof. Examples of such suspending agents are described
in U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,855, herein incorporated by reference in its
entirety. Suspending agents can also include, for example, ethylene
glycol esters of fatty acids having from about 16 to about 22
carbon atoms, ethylene glycol stearates, mono and distearate,
distearate containing less than about 7% of the mono stearate, and
combinations thereof. Other suspending agents can be found in the
Cosmetic Handbook and Personal Care Products Council ingredient
information.
[0075] Various embodiments of cosmetic compositions can comprise at
least one humectant. A humectant can function, for example, to
attract and retain moisture in the air by absorption. A humectants
can be considered, for example, a substance that can be used to
keep things moist. Humectants useful in cosmetic compositions of
the present invention can be selected from the group consisting of
polyhydric alcohols, water soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers,
and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of humectants that can
be used in cosmetic compositions include acetyl tetrapeptide-5,
acetamide MEA, agarose, ammonium lactate, arginine PCA, betaine,
butylene glycol, copper PCA, corn glycerides, diglycereth-7 malate,
diglycerin, dimethyl imidazolidinone, erythritol, gelatin, glycose,
glycuroinc acid, glycuronolactone, glutamic acid, glycereth-12,
glycerin, honey extract, hylauronic acid, hydroloyzed wheat starch,
hydroxyethyl sorbitol, lactamide, lactic acid, maititil, melibiose,
panthenol, pantolactone, PCA, polyglycuronic acid,
polyglycerylmethacrylate, propylene glycerol, saccharide
hydrolysate, sea salt, seasame amino acids, sodium aspartate,
sodium lactate, sodium malate, sodium PCA, sodium polyaspartate,
sorbitol, TEA-lactate, triglycereth-7 citrate, urea, xylose,
glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) root extract and combinations
thereof. Other humectants can be found in the Cosmetic Handbook and
Personal Care Products Council ingredient information. The
humectants can be present in an amount by weight of the composition
from about 0.1% to about 20%, or from about 0.1% to about 10%, and
alternatively from about 0.5% to about 5%.
[0076] Various embodiments of cosmetic compositions can comprise an
occlusive component. It is believed, without being limited by
theory, that occlusives can increase the water content of the skin
by slowing the evaporation of water from the surface of the skin.
In certain embodiments, occlusives can be greasy and can be most
effective when applied to damp skin. In various embodiments, an
occlusive component comprises mineral oil. However, in some
embodiments, mineral oil can be less effective at preventing
evaporation of water than other occlusives. In some embodiments, an
occlusive component comprises lanolin. However, lanolin can be
expensive and potentially irritating. In some embodiments, an
occlusive component comprises at least one silicone derivative
(e.g., dimethicone and cyclomethicone). In certain embodiments,
silicone derivatives can be less greasy, but they can also have a
limited moisturizing effect. Non-limiting examples of occlusives
useful in cosmetic compositions include acetylated castor oil,
acetylated lanolin alcohol, behenyl isostearate, beeswax, C12-18
acid triglyceride, C20-40 alcohols, C20-40 alkyl dimethicone,
C16-36 alkyl stearate, C18-70 isoparaffin, C20-24 olefin, C10-18
triglycerides, candelilla, canola oil, caprylic/capric
triglyceride, carnauba, cetearyl methicone, cetyl ricinoleate,
cholesteryl oleate, cyclomethicone, decyl myristate, dimethicone,
distearyl ether, glycol dioleate, hexyldecyl isostearate,
hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated lanolin, isocetyl myristate,
lanolin linoleate, lauryl cocoate, lecithin, mineral oil, myristyl
myristate, neatsfool oil, octyldodecyl stearate, oleyl linoleate,
palm kernel wax, paraffin, pentaerythrityl tetracocoate, petroleum,
propylene glycol dioleate, shark liver oil, soybean lipid, stearyl
stearate, squalane, tall oil, tocopherol, trihexyldecyl citrate,
triisostearin, vegetable oil, and combinations thereof. Other
occlusives can be found in the Cosmetic Handbook and Personal Care
Products Council ingredient information. In some embodiments,
occlusives can be present at concentrations effective for modifying
the cosmetic composition as desired for the final cosmetic product.
Such concentrations can range from about 0.1% to about 10% or about
0.5% to about 5.0% by weight of the composition, for example.
[0077] In various embodiments of cosmetic compositions, the
composition can comprise an emollient. In various embodiments,
emollients can act as lubricants and thereby help maintain the
soft, smooth and pliable appearance of skin and/or hair.
Non-limiting examples of emollients useful in cosmetic compositions
include acetylated lanolin, acetyl trihexyl citrate, avocado
sterois, butyl myristate, C14-15 alcohols, C12-13 alkyl
ethylhexanoate, caprylyl glycol, castor oil, cetyl acetate, cetyl
oleate, C14-16 glycol palmitate, C12-20 isoparaffin, C12-15 alkyl
benzoate, cyclomethicone, decyl oleate, diethylhexyl adipate,
diethylhexyl malate, diisodecyl adipate, diisopropyl dilinoleate,
dimethicone copolyol, dipropyl adipate, ethylhexyl palmitate, ethyl
linoleate, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl ricinoleate, glyceryl
stearates, glycol palmitate, glycol stearate, hexyl laurate,
isocetyl alcohol, isodecyl stearate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl
isostearate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isostearyl
alcohol, jojoba oil, lanolin, methyl palmitate, myristyl
propionate, octyl octanoate, octyl stearate, PEG-4 lanolate, PEG-5
tristearyl citrate, polyglyceryl-6 oleate, plyglycerol-2
triisostearate, PPG-20 cetyl ether, PPG-4 laureth-2, propylene
glycol linoleate, sodium hyaluronate, squalene, sucrose oleate,
sunflower seed oil glycerides, tall oil glycerides, tridecyl
stearate, wheat germ glycerides, glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) root
extract, aloe barbadensis leaf juice, and combinations thereof.
Other emollients can be found in the Cosmetic Handbook and Personal
Care Products Council ingredient information. When present in the
cosmetic composition, one or more emollients can be included in an
amount from about 0.01% to about 20%, alternatively from about 0.1%
to about 10%, and alternatively from about 0.5% to about 5%, by
weight of the composition.
[0078] In various embodiments, pigments can be used to provide
color to the final cosmetic composition. Pigments can be synthetic
or natural. Natural pigments can include pigments or plant-derived
colors, for example. Natural pigments can be inorganic (mineral) or
organic, white or non-white, and coated or uncoated particles, for
example Natural pigments can include, for example, cerium oxide,
iron oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, carbon
black, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, D&C and FD&C
colors, azo, indigoid, insoluble metallic salts of certified color
additives, and the like, and mixtures thereof. Other pigments can
be found in the Cosmetic Handbook and Personal Care Products
Council ingredient information. When present in the cosmetic
composition, pigments can be included in an amount from about 0.01%
to about 5%, alternatively from about 0.1% to about 3%, and
alternatively from about 0.1% to about 2%, by weight of the
composition.
[0079] Some embodiments of cosmetic compositions can include
additional ingredients useful for treating skin and/or hair. For
example, some embodiments comprise cholecalciferol (also referred
to as vitamin D.sub.3). Cosmetic compositions can comprise coenzyme
Q10, pomegranate (punica gradatum) extract, and lipoic acid, either
alone or in combination, for example. In certain embodiments, these
agents can function as an antioxidant, for example. Embodiments of
a cosmetic composition can comprise cholecalciferol.
Cholecalciferol can function as an antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory agent, for example. Cosmetic compositions can
comprise witch hazel extract. In some embodiments, witch hazel
extract is useful as an anti-inflammatory agent, for example. Some
embodiments of cosmetic compositions can comprise palmitoyl
pentapeptide-4, PEG-8 oligopeptide, green tea extract, palmityol
tetrapeptide-7, hesperidin methylchalcone, steareth-20-dipeptide-2,
and combinations thereof. Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 can function,
for example, as a skin rejuvenation, anti-wrinkle compound. In some
embodiments, PEG-8 oligopeptide can be useful for treating wrinkles
Green tea extract can function, for example, as an antioxidant that
can provide anti-aging benefits in cosmetic compositions. In some
embodiments, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 can be useful in reducing the
appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by enhancing collagen and
hyaluronic acid production. In certain embodiments, hesperidin
methylchalcone can be useful in reducing dark circles under the
eye. Steareth-20-dipeptide-2 is another compound that can function
to reduce dark circles under the eye, for example. Certain
embodiments of cosmetic compositions comprise polyacrylamide.
Polyacrylamide can, for example, dry to form a thin coating on skin
or hair, thereby helping hair hold style by inhibiting the hairs
ability to absorb moisture and helping retain skin products on the
skin after immersion in water (e.g., sunscreen). When present in a
cosmetic composition, each of these additional ingredients can be
present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5%, alternatively from
about 0.1% to about 3%, and alternatively from about 0.1% to about
1%, by weight of the composition.
Hair Treatment Products
[0080] Shampoo is a hair care product that can be used for the
removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental
pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up
in hair. Many modern shampoos further include a conditioning
component used to smooth and detangle hair that has been washed
with shampoo. Common ingredients found in hair care products
include vitamins and provitamins, botanical extracts, a LTV
protectant, fruit acids or alpha-hydroxy acids, antioxidants,
water, humectants, a surfactant (also referred to as a detergent),
an emulsifier, preservatives, solvents, and combinations thereof.
Examples of common detergent-type ingredients useful in a shampoo
composition include ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate
(derived from coconut oils and can be useful, for example, to
soften water and create a lather), sodium lauroamphoacetate
(derived from coconut oils and can be useful, for example, as a
cleanser and a counter-irritant), and sodium lauryl sulfate. Other
surfactants that can be useful in a shampoo composition include,
for example, cocamideopropyl betaine, glycol, polysorbate 20
(PEG(20)) (can be useful, for example, to solubilize fragrance oils
and essential oils), and polysorbate 80 (PEG(80)) (can be useful,
for example, to emulsify oils in water). In addition, thickeners
can be useful in shampoo compositions. PEG-150 distearate is an
example of a thickener that can be used in hair treatment
compositions. In various compositions, sodium chloride can be used
as a thickener if the main surfactants are sodium lauryl sulfates.
In various compositions, ammonium chloride can be used to thicken
the composition if the surfactants are ammonium based. Examples of
conditioning-type components that can be useful in hair treatment
products include guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, dimethicone,
silicone, and polyquaternium-10. Examples of preservatives useful
in shampoo compositions include citric acid, quatemium-15 and
methylisothiazolinone (MIT).
[0081] As discussed above, a tobacco seed extract can also provide
an advantageous source of linoleic acid in cosmetic products.
Tobacco seed oil can replace the oil components conventionally used
in hair treatment products. The high concentration of linoleic acid
of the tobacco seed oil can provide beneficial effects on skin and
hair, and can also function as an effective and efficient emollient
and/or surfactant in hair treatment composition. Furthermore, the
resulting compositions incorporating tobacco seed oil are found to
have the same sensory characteristics and general appearance has
traditional hair treatment products incorporating emollients and
surfactants known in the art.
[0082] As described in U.S. Appl. Pub. No. 2013/0090279, herein
incorporated by reference in its entirety, a detersive surfactant
may be selected from an anionic detersive surfactant, zwitterionic,
or an amphoteric detersive surfactant, or a combination thereof.
Suitable anionic surfactant components for use in the composition
herein include those which are known for use in hair care or other
personal care shampoo compositions. In one embodiment, the anionic
surfactant may be a combination of sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium
laureth-n sulfate, for example. The concentration of the anionic
surfactant component in the shampoo should be sufficient to provide
the desired cleaning and lather performance, and generally ranges
from about 2% to about 50%, from about 8% to about 30%, from about
10% to about 25%, or from about 12% to about 22%. Suitable
amphoteric or zwitterionic detersive surfactants for use in a hair
treatment composition include those which are known for use in hair
care or other personal care cleansing. Concentrations of such
amphoteric or zwitterionic detersive surfactants can range from
about 0.5% to about 20%, alternatively from about 1% to about 10%.
Non-limiting examples of suitable zwitterionic or amphoteric
surfactants are described above.
[0083] Various embodiments of hair treatment compositions further
include lather builders. In some embodiments, lather builders, or
co-surfactants, can comprise materials which are combined with the
undecyl sulfate surfactant and optionally anionic surfactants to
enhance lather volume and/or to modify lather texture. Lather
builders can serve to produce faster lather, facilitate easier
rinsing, and/or mitigate harshness on the keratinous tissue. They
can further aid in producing lather having a more desirable
texture, volume and/or other properties. These materials can be
selected from a variety of families of structures including, but
not limited to, amphoteric, zwitterionic, cationic, and nonionic
surfactants. These chemical compounds can help create the suds,
which can help the detergents to work better by allowing more dirt
to be lifted from the hair and washed away. They can be used with
anionic surfactants in a weight ratio of 1:20 to 1:4, and
alternatively in the 1:12 to 1:7 weight ratio. Embodiments of hair
treatment compositions of the present invention may comprise from
about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt %, alternatively from about 0.5 wt %
to about 5 wt %, alternatively from about 0.5 wt % to about 3 wt %,
alternatively from about 0.5 wt % to about 2 wt %, and
alternatively from about 0.5 wt % to about 1.75 wt % by weight of
the composition of at least one suitable lather builder. In some
embodiments, lather builders incorporated in shampoo or other
cleansing cosmetic compositions comprise cocamide mea, lauramide
diethanolamide and/or cocamidopropyl betaine, for example.
[0084] Many detergents are alkaline or base compounds, which can
make the hair look dull. Various embodiments of hair treatment
products can include acids. Acids can function to keep the hair
looking shiny, for example. Commonly used acids in shampoos include
ascorbic acids and citric acid, for example. Collagen (e.g.,
hydrolyzed collagen) can also be included in certain hair treatment
compositions. Collagen can, for example, enhance the hair body,
suppleness and/or sheen of the hair.
[0085] Many hair treatment compositions also include thickening
agents. Thickeners can ensure that the product is thick and creamy,
for example. In various embodiments of hair treatment products,
thickeners include xanthan gum, cetyl alcohol, sodium chloride, and
stearyl alcohol. Many of these chemical compounds further act as
conditioning agents on the hair. Some embodiments of hair treatment
compositions comprise other conditioners such as allantoin and
glycerin, for example.
[0086] Specialty shampoos, such as baby shampoo, curling shampoo,
dandruff shampoo, and other types of shampoos can comprise
additional additives. Various embodiments of shampoo compositions
further comprise components that provide ultraviolet light
protection, proteins, vitamins, plant extracts, other organic
ingredients, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, a
sunscreen component used in a hair treatment composition can be
octyl salicylate and/or PABA, a compound found in various sunscreen
lotions.
[0087] Various embodiments of hair treatment compositions can
comprise hydrophobic moisturizing materials selected from the group
consisting of petrolatum, lanolin, hydrocarbon oils such as mineral
oil, natural and synthetic waxes such as microcrystalline waxes,
paraffins, ozokerite, lanolin wax, lanolin alcohols, lanolin fatty
acids, polyethylene, polybutene, polydecene and perhydrosqualene,
volatile or non-volatile organosiloxanes and their derivatives such
as dimethicones, cyclomethicones, alkyl siloxanes,
polymethylsiloxanes and methylphenylpolysiloxanes, lanolin oil,
esters such as isopropyl lanolate, acetylated lanolin, acetylated
lanolin alcohols, lanolin alcohol linoleate, lanolin alcohol
riconoleate natural and synthetic triglycerides such as castor oil,
soy bean oil, sunflower seed oil, maleated soy bean oil, safflower
oil, cotton seed oil, corn oil, walnut oil, peanut oil, olive oil,
cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil and sesame oil,
castor oil derivatives, sefoses, and combinations thereof. As
discussed above, essential oils useful in cosmetic compositions can
beneficially comprise tobacco seed oil. Essential oils can, for
example, increase the effectiveness of hair treatment
compositions.
Cleansers
[0088] Body and facial cleansers can be designed to clear away dirt
and grime from the skin. Many cleansers can also serve to
moisturize the skin, sooth irritated skin, reduce the signs of
aging or repair damaged facial skin. Many cleansers contain similar
basic ingredients. A tobacco seed extract can provide an
advantageous source of linoleic acid by replacing, for example, an
oil component, an emollient, an anti-aging agent, and/or a
surfactant in cleansing products. The high concentration of
linoleic acid of the tobacco seed oil can provide beneficial
effects on skin, particularly when dealing with problems such as
acne, dryness, and swelling. In certain embodiments, cleansing
products incorporating tobacco seed oil can provide an antioxidant
and an anti-inflammatory effect, and the tobacco seed oil can
further function as an emollient and/or surfactant. Furthermore,
the resulting compositions incorporating tobacco seed oil are
generally found to have the same or similar sensory characteristics
and appearance as traditional cleansing products incorporating for
example, oils, anti-aging agents, emollients and surfactants known
in the art.
[0089] In general, cleansers comprise some faun of surfactant
(i.e., a soap or detergent). Facial cleansers tend to be milder on
the skin because the surfactant they contain is milder than that of
body cleansers. Some liquid body cleansers can incorporate
moisturizing agents to compensate for a harsher surfactant used.
The moisturizing agent can comprise emollients, such as linoleic
acid, for example. Cleansers for the skin can generally be divided
into three main types: foaming cleansers, non-foaming cleansers and
abrasive scrubs.
[0090] Foaming cleansers can provide a pleasing feel because in
certain embodiments, they lather and leave behind a refreshing
sensation after they are rinsed off. Foaming facial cleansers can
include, for example, lotions, creams, gels, self-foaming
cleansers, arerosols, scrubs, etc.
[0091] Non-foaming cleansers can be a mild type of cleanser. In
certain embodiments, non-foaming cleansers contain small amounts of
surfactant and can be wiped off instead of rinsed off. In some
embodiments, non-foaming cleansers are not intended to come in
contact with water, and thereby they can deposit more of the
helpful ingredients onto the skin. Non-foaming cleansers can
include creams, lotions (sometimes referred to as milks), and cold
creams.
[0092] Abrasive scrubs can contain ingredients that physically
scrub the skin to help remove dead skin cells, thereby leaving the
skin smoother. However, the granules that do the actual scrubbing
can cause irritation, redness, and even tiny cuts on the face.
Therefore, it can be advantageous to incorporate a moisturizing
agent into the abrasive scrub. Non-limiting examples of exfoliating
granules include sodium tetraborate decahydrate granules,
polyethylene silica or beads, jojoba esters, cross-linked
polymethacrylate, calcium carbonate, ground seeds (e.g., apricot,
almond and walnut seeds), aluminum oxide and combinations
thereof.
Skin Treatment Products
[0093] Skin in general is composed of three distinct layers: the
outer protective straum coreum; the middle epidermis layer and the
inner dermis layer. Sweat glands and hair roots are found in the
dermis layer. As discussed above, a tobacco seed extract can
replace components conventionally used in cosmetic products. The
high concentration of linoleic acid of the tobacco seed oil can
provide beneficial effects on skin, particularly when dealing with
problems such as acne, dryness, and swelling. In certain
embodiments, cosmetic products incorporating tobacco seed oil can
also be effective emollients, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
agents. Furthermore, the resulting compositions incorporating
tobacco seed oil are found to have the same sensory characteristics
and general appearance has traditional skin treatment products
incorporating for example, anti-aging agents, emollients and
anti-inflammatory agents known in the art.
[0094] In various embodiments of cosmetic compositions intended for
use on the skin, the composition can comprise a cosmetically or
dermatologically acceptable medium or base. The composition can be
provided in the form of any topically applicable formulations, for
example, a solution, a gel, a solid, an anhydrous paste, an
oil-in-water emulsion, a suspension, a micro emulsion, a
microcapsule, a micro granule, an ionic (liposome) or nonionic
vesicular dispersion, a cream, a skin lotion, a milk lotion, a
powder, an ointment, a spray or a conceal stick. These compositions
can be prepared according to any convention method known in the
art.
[0095] The composition for skin application according to the
present invention can contain additives commonly used in the
cosmetic or dermatological field, for example, fat, an organic
solvent, a solubilizing agent, a concentrating agent, a gelling
agent, a softener, an antioxidant, a suspending agent, a
stabilizer, a foaming agent, an aromatic, a surfactant, water, an
ionic or non-ionic emulsifier, a filler, a metal ion sequestering
agent, a chelating agent, a preservative, vitamins, a blocking
agent, a wetting agent, essential oil, dyes, pigments, a
hydrophilic or lipophilic activator, lipid vesicles, or the like.
These additives may be included in an amount commonly used in the
cosmetic or dermatological field.
[0096] A lotion can be a low to medium viscosity topical
preparation intended for application to unbroken skin. Creams and
gels can have higher viscosity. Many lotions and creams are
intended to smooth, re-hydrate, and soften the skin. Categories of
ingredients useful in skin moisturizers can include: humectants,
emollients and preservatives. Humectants, such as urea, glycerin,
and alpha hydroxyl acids, can help absorb moisture from the air and
hold it in the skin, for example. Emollients, such as lanolin,
mineral oil and petrolatum, can help fill in spaces between skin
cells, lubricating and smoothing the skin, for example.
Preservatives can help prevent bacteria grown in moisturizers.
Other ingredients can include vitamins, minerals, plant extracts,
and fragrances, for example.
[0097] In various embodiments, humectants can attract water from
the dermis into the epidermis, increasing the water content in the
epidermis. It is believed, without being limited by theory, that
humectants can also attract water from the atmosphere into the
epidermis. In various embodiments of body and facial moisturizing
compositions, a humectant component can comprise ammonium lactate,
butylene glycol, propylene glycerol, glycerin, hylauronic acid,
sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), sorbitol, urea, and
combinations thereof. Humectants, for example glycerin, can provide
smoother-looking skin.
[0098] Emollients can be ingredients that can remain in the stratum
coreum to act as lubricants. In various embodiments, emollients can
help maintain the soft, smooth, and pliable appearance of the skin.
Emollients can be oil-based or water-based. Oil-based emollients
can be heavier and may leave a residue on skin, and therefore these
can be beneficial for dry skin that requires intense moisturizing,
for example. Water-based emollients can be lighter and less greasy,
which can make them ideal for normal, oily or acne-prone skin. In
various embodiments of moisturizing compositions, an emollient can
comprise cyclomethicone, dimethicone copolyol, glyceryl stearates,
propylene glycol linoleate, isopropyl palmitate, lanolin, and
combinations thereof. As discussed above, emollients useful in
cosmetic compositions can comprise tobacco seed oil. Tobacco seed
oil can provide a relatively high percentage of linoleic acid,
which can have beneficial effects on skin as discussed above.
[0099] Additional ingredients can be added to moisturizers to
create a special effect on the skin such as enhancing the
appearance of dry or damaged skin. Chemicals that slow oxidation by
reacting with free radicals include tocopherols and ascorbic acid,
for example. It is proposed, without being limited by theory, that
although citric acid, tartaric acid, and EDTA may not have strong
antioxidating properties, they can enhance the antioxidant effects
of other ingredients. As discussed above, linoleic acid has many
beneficial properties in a variety of moisturizing
compositions.
[0100] Various embodiments of cosmetic products can be intended to
treat undesirable facial lines, wrinkles, and/or dark circles under
the eyes. Embodiments of this type of cosmetic composition can
comprise one or more of three ingredients: retinol, Vitamin K and
Vitamin C.
[0101] Retinol and/or retinyl palmitate (ester of retinol and
palmitic acid) can each be useful as an anti-wrinkle agent. It is
believed to be able to greatly reduce the fine lines and wrinkles
that appear around they eye, for example. Retinol is a biological
form of Vitamin A. Without being limited by theory, Retinol is
believed to be able to even out the skin's complexion and make the
skin appear more luminous. It is also thought that Retinol can
penetrate the outermost layers of the skin's surface, getting
underneath to plump up and brighten the dermal layer. Furthermore,
retinol is believed to also function as an antioxidant and promote
new skin cell growth. Therefore, it is thought of as an efficient
and effective wrinkle reducer, fine line eraser and pigmentation
stabilizer. However, retinol is frequently associated with consumer
discomfort characterized by burning, stinging, itching or sensation
of tightness after application. Therefore, linoleic acid can be a
good substitute for an anti-wrinkle agent in cosmetic compositions,
as discussed above.
[0102] It is proposed, without being limited by theory, that
Vitamin K, also known as Phytonadione, can enhance collagen
development in the skin, thus plumping up the area under the eyes
and decreasing dark circles. It is thought that Vitamin K can also
help with increased blood circulation which can enhance skin
appearance. It can renew damaged skin, for example damage from the
sun's rays, lack of sleep, genetics, aging or other causes. Vitamin
K can improve the strength of these blood vessel walls, making them
less visible underneath the skin (e.g., reducing dark circles under
the eyes).
[0103] It is proposed, without being limited by theory, that
Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, also aids in strengthening the walls
of these blood vessels. It is believed that an added benefit of
Vitamin C for dark circles and lines under the eyes is an increase
in collagen or plumping of the under-eye area. It is further
proposed that Vitamin C can be used to defuse free radicals and
counterbalance the negative effects of exposure to UV rays. A
lightening of the skin can be provided with the use of Vitamin C as
an ingredient in eye cream compositions. In some embodiments,
tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, a stable, oil-soluble Vitamin C ester
which can have antioxidant activity, for example, can be included
in the cosmetic composition.
EXPERIMENTAL
[0104] Aspects of the present invention are more fully illustrated
by the following examples, which are set forth to illustrate
certain aspects of the present invention and is not to be construed
as limiting thereof.
Example 1
[0105] The following non-limiting example describes how tobacco
seed oil can be extracted and refined for purposes of the
invention.
[0106] Tobacco seeds are harvested from field grown plants and
extracted with hexane and agitation. The defatted seed cake is
removed from the hexane extract by simple filtration. The extract
is then placed in a distillation apparatus, which separates the
hexane from the tobacco seed oil.
[0107] The raw oil derived from these processes comprises
approximately 20% by weight free fatty acids, and 80% by weight
triglyceride bound fatty acids, comprising primarily linoleic acid
(.about.70% by weight). The free fatty acids are then removed by a
refinement process that consists of an acidic wash (citric acid)
followed by a base wash (sodium hydroxide) and subsequent
centrifugation. The resulting refined oil is approximately 4% by
weight free fatty acids and 96% triglyceride bound fatty acids. A
lower free fatty acid content is advantageous for product
incorporation as free fatty acids are subject to oxidation and
eventual rancidity.
Example 2
[0108] Storage and stability testing is performed on various
embodiments of cosmetic products incorporating tobacco seed oil.
The incorporation of the tobacco seed oil does not pose any unusual
problems or issues when preparing formulations. The material is
relatively easy to incorporate and is essentially comparable to
Argan oil.
[0109] Stability testing (e.g., testing at 45.degree. C.,
Freeze/thaw testing, testing at 4.degree. C. and testing at room
temperature) does not show any color or odor issues and no
noticeable adverse effect on product integrity. Argan oil and
tobacco seed oil behave in similar manners. The odor of the tobacco
seed oil is very low and does not appear to go "rancid" or
adversely affect the formulations prepared under stability test
conditions.
[0110] In a Shampoo/Body Wash formula, the tobacco seed oil does
not appear to have any adverse effect on foaming as compared to the
Argan oil. From a practical use assessment, there does not appear
to be any major formulation challenges that would prevent use of
tobacco seed oil in skin care and hair care formulations.
Example 3
[0111] As shown in Table 1, tobacco seed oil is incorporated into a
facial moisturizer. The tobacco seed oil replaces sunflower seed
oil, olive oil and grape seed oil in the product composition. The
resulting product has sensory characteristics similar to the
characteristics of a comparable composition containing the replaced
ingredients.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Night Facial Moisturizer Ingredient Name
Weight % Deionized Water 20-80 Tobacco Seed Oil 1-5 Aloe
Barbadensis Leaf Juice 2-5 Glycerin 2-5 Stearic Acid 0-5 Glyceryl
Stearate 0-5 Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract 0-5
Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea Butter) 0-5 Phenoxyethanol 0-5 Sodium
Hyaluronate 0-5 Carbomer 0-5 Cetyl Alcohol 0-5 Collagen 0-5
Isodecyl Neopentanoate 0-5 Panthenol 0-5 Triethanolamine 0-5 C12-15
Alkyl Benzoate 0-5 Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate 0-2 Tocopheryl Acetate
0-2 Bergamot Extract 0-3 Disodium EDTA 0-1 Retinyl Palmitate 0-1
Cholecalciferol 0-1 Allantoin 0-1
Example 4
[0112] As shown in Table 2, tobacco seed oil is incorporated into
an anti-aging cream with Matrixyl.RTM. which is a brand of an
anti-wrinkle active ingredient. The tobacco seed oil replaces
caprylic/capric triglyceride in the product composition. The
resulting product has sensory characteristics similar to the
characteristics of a comparable composition containing the replaced
ingredient.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Anti-Aging Cream Ingredient Name Weight %
Deionized Water 20-80 Tobacco Seed Oil 1-5 Witch Hazel Extract 1-5
Glycerol Stearate 1-5 PEG-100 Stearate 1-5 Glycerin 1-5 Butylene
Glycol 1-5 Carbomer 1-5 Polysorbate 20 1-5 Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4
(Matrixyl .RTM.) 1-5 Shea Butter 1-5 Glyceryl Polymethacrylate 1-5
PEG 8 Oligopeptide 1-5 Phenoxyethanol 1-5 Caprylyl Glycol 1-5
Sorbic Acid 1-5 Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate VP Copolymer 1-5
Cetearyl Olivate 1-5 Sorbitan Olivate 1-5 PPG-12 1-5 SMDI/Copolymer
1-5 Sodium Hyaluronate 1-5 Tocopheryl Acetate 1-5 Disodium EDTA 1-5
Xanthan Gum 1-5 Peppermint Oil 1-5 Green Tea Extract 1-5
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate 1-5
Example 5
[0113] As shown in Table 3, tobacco seed oil is incorporated into a
facial and body cream composition. The tobacco seed oil replaces
caprylic/capric triglyceride in the product composition. The
resulting product has sensory characteristics similar to the
characteristics of a comparable composition containing the replaced
ingredient.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Head to Toe Face and Body Cream Ingredient
Name Weight % Deionized Water 20-80 Tobacco Seed Oil 1-5
Polyacrylamide 1-5 C 13-14 Isoparaffin 1-5 Laureth-7 1-5 Glycerin
1-5 Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice 1-5 Isodecyl Neopentanoate 1-5
Phenoxyethanol 1-5 Potassium Sorbate 1-5 Tocopheryl Acetate 1-5
Fragrance 0-2
Example 6
[0114] As shown in Table 4, tobacco seed oil is incorporated into
an eye serum composition. The tobacco seed oil replaces
caprylic/capric triglyceride in the product composition. The
resulting product has sensory characteristics similar to the
characteristics of a comparable composition containing the replaced
ingredient.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Green Apple Eye Serum Ingredient Name Weight
% Deionized Water 20-80 Tobacco Seed Oil 1-5 Glycerin 1-5 Aloe
Barbadensis Leaf Juice 1-5 Phenoxyethanol 1-5 Acetyl Tetrapeptide-5
1-5 Hesperidin Methylchalcone 1-5 Steareth-20-Dipeptide-2 1-5
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 1-5 Carbomer 1-5 Fragrance 1-5 Lecithin
1-5 Alcohol 1-5 Lipoic Acid 1-5 Tocopheryl Acetate 1-5 Potassium
Sorbate 1-5 Coenzyme Q10 1-5 Sodium Hydroxide 1-5 Retinyl Palmitate
1-5 Cholecalciferol 1-5
Example 7
[0115] As shown in Table 5, tobacco seed oil is incorporated into a
facial cleansing cream composition. The tobacco seed oil replaces
caprylic/capric triglyceride in the product composition. The
resulting product has sensory characteristics similar to the
characteristics of a comparable composition containing the replaced
ingredient.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Cleansing Cream Ingredient Name Weight %
Deionized Water 20-80 Tobacco Seed Oil 1-5 Sodium C14-16 Olefin
Sulfonate 1-5 Cocamidopropyl Betaine 1-5 Glycerin 1-5 Witch Hazel
Extract 1-5 Lauramide Diethanolamide 1-5 Glyceryl Stearate 1-5
Polysorbate 60 1-5 Stearic Acid 1-5 Cetyl Alcohol 1-5 Shea Butter
1-5 Phenoxyethanol 1-5 Caprylyl Glycol 1-5 Sorbic Acid 1-5 Sodium
Hydroxymethylglycinate 1-5 Carbomer 1-5 Potassium Sorbate 1-5
Example 8
[0116] As shown in Table 6, tobacco seed oil is incorporated into a
body butter composition. The tobacco seed oil replace sunflower
seed oil, almond oil, avocado oil and pumpkin seed oil in the
product composition. The resulting product has sensory
characteristics similar to the characteristics of a comparable
composition containing the replaced ingredients.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Pomegranate and Acai Body Butter Ingredient
Name Weight % Deionized Water 20-80 Tobacco Seed Oil 1-5 Cetearyl
Alcohol 1-5 Shea Butter 1-5 Glycerin 1-5 Aloe Barbadensis Leaf
Juice 1-5 Stearic Acid 1-5 Phenoxyethanol 1-5 Caprylyl Glycol 1-5
Sorbic Acid 1-5 Cetyl Alcohol 1-5 Carbomer 1-5 Pomegranate (Punica
Gradatum) Extract 1-5 Fragrance 1-5 Panthenol 1-5 Tocopheryl
Acetate 1-5 Retinyl Palmitate 1-5 Cholecalciferol 1-5
Example 9
[0117] As shown in Table 7, tobacco seed oil is incorporated into a
hair cleansing composition. The tobacco seed oil replaces
caprylic/capric triglyceride in the product composition. The
resulting product has sensory characteristics similar to the
characteristics of a comparable composition containing the replaced
ingredient.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Shampoo Ingredient Name Weight % Deionized
Water 20-80 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 25-35 Cocamideopropyl Betaine
10-25 Sodium Laureth Sulfate 1-10 Tobacco Seed Oil 1-10 Ammonium
Chloride 1-5 Citric Acid 0-5 EDTA 0-5 Sodium Chloride 0-5 Fragrance
0-5 Polysorbate 20 0-5 DMDM Hydantoin 0-5
[0118] Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention
will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this invention
pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the
foregoing description. Therefore, it is to be understood that the
invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments
disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended
to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although
specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and
descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
* * * * *
References