U.S. patent application number 14/452663 was filed with the patent office on 2014-11-27 for deodorizing and skin cleaning.
The applicant listed for this patent is Nevada Naturals Inc.. Invention is credited to Anthony Joseph SAWYER, Richard F. STOCKEL, Anthony E. WINSTON.
Application Number | 20140349903 14/452663 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51493327 |
Filed Date | 2014-11-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140349903 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
WINSTON; Anthony E. ; et
al. |
November 27, 2014 |
DEODORIZING AND SKIN CLEANING
Abstract
A method for cleaning, benefiting, or deodorizing skin or hair
utilizing a body wash, skin cleaner, soap, shampoo or deodorizer
formulation containing a controlled release skin benefit or
deodorizing salt, a hydrophilic moisturizing polymer and
surfactants is described. The method imparts benefits or
deodorizing agents to the skin or hair and maintains effective
levels for an extended period.
Inventors: |
WINSTON; Anthony E.; (East
Brunswick, NJ) ; STOCKEL; Richard F.; (Bridgewater,
NJ) ; SAWYER; Anthony Joseph; (Albuquerque,
NM) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Nevada Naturals Inc. |
Albuquerque |
NM |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
51493327 |
Appl. No.: |
14/452663 |
Filed: |
August 6, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13374856 |
Jan 18, 2012 |
8834857 |
|
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14452663 |
|
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61461430 |
Jan 18, 2011 |
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61461685 |
Jan 21, 2011 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
510/131 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D 3/502 20130101;
A61Q 19/10 20130101; A61K 8/8141 20130101; A61Q 15/00 20130101;
A61K 8/416 20130101; A61Q 19/00 20130101; A61K 8/44 20130101; A61K
2300/00 20130101; A61L 2300/602 20130101; A61K 8/362 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
510/131 |
International
Class: |
C11D 3/50 20060101
C11D003/50 |
Claims
1-20. (canceled)
21. A method for-cleaning or deodorizing the skin by the
application of a formulation that deposits limited solubility
undissociated controlled release salt on the surface of the skin,
the formulation comprising: (1) from about 0.02 wt % to 5 wt % of a
controlled release skin benefit or deodorizing salt with solubility
of the salt in the moisture on the skin equal to or less than 1 wt
% and greater than about 0.01 wt % comprising (i) a surface active
cation and (ii) a carboxylate anion; and optionally (2) from about
0.05% to about 20 wt % of a water absorbing hydrophilic polymer
with a molecular weight above 2000; and optionally (3) from about
1% to about 90 wt % of an anionic, nonionic or amphoteric
surfactant or soap; and optionally (4) buffers to provide a pH
between about 3.0 and 7.0; and optionally (5) from about 2 wt % to
about 95 wt % moisture; and optionally (6) from about 0.1 wt % to
about 30 wt % of an antiperspirant active; and optionally (7) from
about 0.1 wt % to about 40 wt % of a suspending agent; and
optionally (8) from about 10 wt % to about 99 wt % of a carrier
liquid, wherein said controlled release salt has sufficient
solubility in the moisture on the skin to release an effective
quantity of the skin benefit or deodorant ions but leaves
undissolved salt to provide a reservoir of skin benefit ions for
release as the dissolved ions are used up or dissipated.
22. The method of claim 21, in which the surface active cation is
selected from the group consisting of a benzalkonium cation, a
benzethonium cation, a cetylpyridinium cation, a chlorhexidinium
cation, and N.alpha.-lauroyl arginine ethyl ester cation.
23. The method of claim 21, in which the carboxylate anion is a
mono, di, or tri or polycarboxylate ion, or a polymeric carboxylate
ion.
24. The method of claim 21, in which the mono-carboxylate anion is
selected from the following group consisting of caproate,
caprylate, laurate, myristate, palmitate, stearate, oleate,
linoleate, linolenate, undecylenate, and retinoate.
25. The method of claim 21, in which the carboxylate anion is
selected from the group consisting of salicylate and ascorbate.
26. The method of claim 21, in which the polymeric carboxylate
anion is selected from the group consisting of a straight chain or
cross-linked polyacrylate, an alginate, and a carboxylated
cellulosic anion.
27. The method of claim 21, wherein the suspending agent is
selected from the group consisting hydrogenated castor oils, fatty
alcohols, solid paraffins, triglycerides, microcrystalline waxes,
silicones, modified silicone waxes, silicone elastomers, sodium
stearate, glycols, and other fatty acid salts.
28. The method of claim 21, in which the antiperspirant is selected
from the group consisting of aluminum halides, aluminum
chlorohydrate, aluminum hydroxyhalides, zirconyl oxyhalides,
zirconyl hydroxyhalides aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum
dichlorohydrate, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate, aluminum
chlorohydrex propylene glycol complex, aluminum dichlorohydrex
propylene glycol complex, aluminum sesquichlorohydrex propylene
glycol complex, aluminum chlorohydrex polyethylene glycol complex,
aluminum dichlorohydrex polyethylene glycol complex, aluminum
sesquichlorohydrex polyethylene glycol complex, aluminum zirconium
trichlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, aluminum
zirconium pentatchlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium
octachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex glycine
complex, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex glycine complex,
aluminum zirconium pentachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum
zirconium octachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum chloride,
aluminum sulfate buffered and combinations thereof.
29. The method of claim 21, wherein the carrier liquid is selected
from the group consisting of volatile and non-volatile cyclic,
linear, and branched chain silicone liquids.
30. The method of claim 21, in which the antiperspirant is selected
from the group consisting of antihistamine salts.
Description
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of provisional
application Ser. No. 61/461,430 filed Jan. 18, 2011. This
application claims the benefit of provisional application Ser. No.
61/461,685 filed Jan. 21, 2011. The disclosures of all of the
foregoing applications are incorporated by reference herein in
their entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention provides a method for cleaning,
benefiting or deodorizing the skin or hair utilizing formulations
that contain a controlled release salt and which provide long
lasting benefits to the skin. Formulations of the invention can be
used as hand and body soaps, shampoos, body washes, bath products,
shower products, deodorants, hand sanitizers, pre-operative scrubs,
wound cleaners and the like.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Many different skin cleaning and deodorant products are
available in the market. Many of these products are formulated to
provide various skin benefits or for deodorization of the skin.
These products are available in a variety of product forms such as
solutions, suspensions, creams, solid sticks, roll-on liquids and
aerosol or non-aerosol sprays. Virtually all of these formulations
instantaneously release all of their active agents and hence are
often used up or depleted within a short period. It is often
problematic to provide higher concentrations of actives to extend
the effectiveness of formulations, due to the potential for skin
irritation or other adverse effects. Accordingly, there is a need
for methods which provide longer lasting skin benefits or
deodorization. This invention provides a method of cleaning,
benefiting or deodorizing the skin or hair using controlled release
salts, which provide a reservoir of ions which can benefit or
deodorize the skin. The controlled release salts thus maintain a
long term skin benefit or extended deodorization activity.
[0004] In our co-pending applications we have described various
controlled release salts and complexes for various applications on
surfaces including skin and hair for both human and animal use.
These salts and complexes are formed from cationic and anionic
moieties either or both of which can provide benefits when
released. The solubility of the controlled release salts is such
that when exposed to moisture, the active anionic or cationic
portions of the salt, responsible for skin benefits, are released
in sufficient quantity to provide their desired beneficial effect,
while at the same time leaving sufficient residual undissolved salt
to act as a reservoir for the controlled release of additional
active ionic portions from the salt as the dissolved skin-benefit
agents are depleted. One aspect of our invention is the use of
green and natural sources of raw materials.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present invention provides a method of cleaning, or
deodorizing the skin or hair by applying formulations which provide
long lasting benefits. The method of this invention comprises
applying a formulation comprising a controlled-release,
undissociated, adherent salt, which releases skin or hair benefit
or deodorizing agents when it partially dissolves in moisture
present on the skin or hair. In addition, formulations of the
invention may comprise hydrophilic humectant polymers, one or more
surfactants, an emollient glycerol ester of a fatty acid, a buffer
or water. In a preferred embodiment of the invention natural or
naturally derived ingredients are used and the controlled release,
skin or hair adherent salt is derived from a natural amino acid and
fatty alcohols or fatty acids from renewable sources.
[0006] During application of the skin cleaning and deodorant
formulations of the invention, the limited-solubility undissociated
controlled-release salt is deposited on the surface of the skin.
The controlled release salt partially dissolves and dissociates in
the sweat or other moisture present on the skin, releasing skin
benefit or deodorizing cations and anions. However, sufficient
undissolved, undissociated salt remains on the skin to act as a
reservoir to provide extended deodorization and skin benefits from
additional ions that are released from the salt at the same rate
that the dissolved ions are used up or depleted.
DETAILS OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The skin cleaning and deodorizing formulations of this
invention comprise (1) from about 0.02 wt % to 5 wt % of a
controlled release skin benefit or deodorizing salt with a
solubility of less than 2 wt %, preferably equal to or less than 1
wt % and greater than about 0.01 wt % and comprising (i) a surface
active cation having both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic component
and (ii) a carboxylate or phenolate anion, (2) optionally from
about 0.05% to about 20 wt % of a water absorbing hydrophilic
polymer with a molecular weight above 2000, (3) optionally from
about 1% to about 90 wt % of an anionic, nonionic or amphoteric
surfactant or soap, (4) optionally from about 0.02 to about 2 wt %
of an emollient/emulsifier comprising a glycerol ester of a
C.sub.8-C.sub.14 fatty acid (5) optionally buffers to provide a pH
between about 3.0 and 7.0 and (6) optionally from about 2% to about
95 wt % moisture. Other ingredients can be added to formulations of
the invention. These include but are not limited to a suspending
agent, a carrier liquid, moisturizers, humectants, emollients, an
antiperspirant active, vitamins, dyes, fragrances, thickening
agents, processing aids, preservatives and the like.
[0008] As noted above the controlled release salt has limited
solubility of less than 2 wt %, preferably equal to or less than 1
wt % and greater than about 0.01 wt %. The limited solubility
property of the controlled release salt is key to its effectiveness
in formulations of this invention. First of all, during product
use, much of the delivered undissociated salt remains on the
surface of the skim. Secondly, once on the skin, the
controlled-release salt needs to have sufficient solubility in the
moisture on the skin to release an effective quantity of component
skin-benefit ions, while leaving enough undissolved salt on the
skin to provide a reservoir of skin benefit ions for release as the
dissolved skin benefit ions are used up or dissipated.
[0009] The solubility and the amount of moisture on the skin
determine how much of the skin benefit ions are released from the
controlled release salt. The solubility can be adjusted by varying
the molecular weight of the component ions, as well as the
hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of either of the cationic and
anionic components. An ion with a higher molecular weight will
generally result in a decrease in the solubility of the combined
salt and thereby decrease the release of its skin benefit agents
from the salt. Salts made from ions with more or larger hydrophobic
portions, will also tend to decrease the solubility of the
controlled release salt. On the other hand, salts made from ions
with more or larger hydrophilic groupings, for example polyhydric
alcohols groupings, will tend to increase the salt's solubility.
Lower solubility salts will tend to have an increased ability to
plate out on skin surfaces and remain there during formulation use.
Higher solubility salts will generally have a greater tendency to
dissolve in any available moisture during use and to be depleted
from the area of application by sweat from the skin. The solubility
of the controlled release salt also needs to be appropriate for
optimum release of benefit agents to the skin. Thus, it needs to be
sufficiently soluble to release an effective level of the
dissociated skin benefit ions, yet sufficiently insoluble to leave
a reservoir of undissolved skin benefit ions for subsequent release
as the skin benefit ions are used up.
[0010] Without being limited by these benefits, either or both of
the skin benefit anions and cations can be the ones to provide
cosmetic, medicinal, cosmeceutical or deodorization benefits to the
skin. Cationic agents are often useful in providing skin
conditioning, skin smoothing, anti-allergy activity, deodorization
and antimicrobial activity etc. Anionic agents often provide
vitamins, anti-inflammatories, anti-aging benefits, antimicrobial
activity, moisturization, exfoliation, deodorization etc. Cationic
and anionic skin benefit agents can be combined into a single
controlled release salt to provide agents with multiple long
lasting skin benefits. Alternatively a cationic skin benefit agent
or an anionic skin benefit agent can be combined with an inactive
counter-ion for other reasons, such as to provide for improved
adherence to the skin or to modify the controlled release
characteristics of the salt.
[0011] The controlled release salts of the invention can comprise
salts formed of monomeric anions and monomeric cations, monomeric
anions and polymeric cations, polymeric anions and monomeric
cations or from polymeric anions and polymeric cations.
[0012] As noted skin cleaning, and deodorizing formulations of this
invention contain from about 0.02% to 5% of the controlled-release,
skin-benefit or deodorizing salt, which consists of cationic and
anionic components. The cationic components of the
controlled-release salt comprise primary ammonium, secondary
ammonium, tertiary ammonium, quaternary ammonium, guanidinium or
biguanidinium cations. The anionic components comprise carboxylate
or phenolate anions.
[0013] Some non-limiting examples of controlled release salts
include carboxylate and phenolate anions in combination with
antimicrobial (C.sub.8-C.sub.18) alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium
cations, (C.sub.8-C.sub.18), dialkyl methyl benzyl ammonium
cations, (C.sub.8-C.sub.18) dialkyl dimethyl ammonium cations,
benzalkonium cation, benzethonium cations, sanguinarium cations,
cetylpyridinium cations and hexetidinium cations. Useful
antimicrobial biguanidinium cations include chlorhexidinium,
alexidinium, and polyhexamethylene biguanidinium ions. The
antimicrobial properties of these ions can be useful in treating
superficial skin infections, for deodorization or for skin
sanitization for example.
[0014] It is highly preferred to use a controlled-release
skin-benefit or deodorizing-salt in which the cationic portion is
natural or naturally derived. For example, it is preferred that the
hydrophilic part of the cationic portion of the controlled release
skin benefit or deodorizing salt be derived from a natural
nitrogen-containing compound selected from one of the following an
amino acid, a peptide, carnitine, choline, creatine and glycine
betaine. All of these compounds have at least one primary amine,
quaternary ammonium or guanidine group. Choline has a quaternary
ammonium group and an alcohol group but no free carboxylic acid
groups. Carnitine and glycine betaine each have a quaternary
ammonium group, carnitine has both a hydroxyl group and carboxylic
acid group, while glycine betaine has a carboxylic acid group but
no alcohol group. Creatine has a guanidinium group and a carboxylic
acid group. All amino acids and peptides have at least one amine
group and at least one carboxylic acid group. The amino acids,
threonine and serine and some peptides, also have an alcohol
group.
[0015] Water soluble cationic molecules, sometimes referred to as
hydrophiles, depend on the presence on water soluble groups in the
molecule which may be ionic or non-ionic. Cationic groups include
nitrogen groups such as those disclosed in this invention. Ionic
groups are very effective, such as the nitrogen cationic
functionalities of this invention, as being sufficient to
solubilize a C12 hydrocarbon chain. It has been reported in the
literature that two cationic protonated nitrogen groups will
substantially solubilize a C18 hydrocarbon chain.
[0016] Examples of preferred amino acids for preparing cationic
skin-benefit or deodorizing salts include glycine, leucine,
isoleucine, lysine, arginine methionine, alanine, phenylalanine,
tryptophan, valine, asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, proline,
tyrosine, histidine, serine, threonine, ornithine, aspartic acid,
glutamic acid and taurine.
[0017] While, as noted above, it is preferred to use natural amino
acids, peptides, choline, carnitine, creatine or glycine betaine to
prepare salts of the controlled-release skin-benefit or deodorizing
salt of the invention, synthetic amino acids, peptides, choline,
carnitine, creatine or glycine betaine, could be used. Natural
amino acids are L-amino acids. However synthetic L-amino acids,
D-amino acids or racemic mixtures of L- and D-amino acids would be
equally effective in performance. Of course, while the production
of synthetic compounds might not be quite as environmentally
desirable as using naturally sourced renewable raw materials, the
resulting cationic surface active derivatives are likely to possess
most of the benefits possessed by their natural counterparts.
[0018] The hydrophobic portion of the cationic component of the
controlled-release skin-benefit or deodorizing salt can range in
chain length from 6 to 24 carbons. Preferably it is a naturally
derived C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 fatty alcohol or fatty acid. Preferred
are those that are made from renewable vegetable sources, such as
plants and trees and not from synthetic or oil sources.
Non-limiting examples of naturally sourced fatty alcohols are
octyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, cetyl, or stearyl
alcohol. Non-limiting examples of naturally sourced fatty acids are
caproic, caprylic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic,
linolenic (omega-3 fatty), and linoleic (omega-6 fatty) acids.
Natural-sourced alcohols and acids contain only even numbers of
carbon atoms. Compounds based on natural renewable-sourced
ingredients are generally safer to humans, being completely
metabolized by the body to non-toxic compounds, like carbon dioxide
and water. They are also more fully biodegraded in the environment
and do not leave environmentally undesirable residues. Many of the
skin benefit and deodorizing esters and amides of the invention
have lower cyto-toxicity than conventional surfactants and are
therefore less irritating to the skin, eyes and mucosa. However
synthetic alcohols and acids, which include odd numbers of carbon
atoms, could also be used to produce the controlled-release surface
active skin benefit or deodorizing salts.
[0019] Omega-3 fatty acids include .alpha.-linolenic acid (ALA),
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), all of
which are polyunsaturated. Common sources of omega-3 fatty acids
include fish oils and plant oils such as flaxseed oil, algal oil
and hemp seed oil. Mammalian brains, a delicacy in some parts of
the world, are also a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, and DHA
in particular. Mammals cannot synthesize omega-3 fatty acids, but
have a limited ability to form the "long-chain" omega-3 fatty acids
EPA (20-carbon atoms) and DHA (22-carbon atoms) from the
"short-chain" eighteen-carbon omega-3 fatty acid ALA.
[0020] A cationic skin benefit or deodorizing ester or amide can be
made by esterification or amidization of choline, creatine,
carnitine, glycine betaine, an amino acid or a peptide with fatty
alcohols or fatty acids. In essence, carboxylic acid groups on the
hydrophilic precursor can be esterified with a C.sub.8 to C.sub.18
fatty alcohol to produce a cationic skin-benefit or deodorizing
surfactant ester. Alternatively, alcohol groups on the hydrophilic
precursor can be esterified with a C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 fatty acid
producing a cationic skin-benefit or deodorizing surface-active
ester. Cationic skin-benefit or deodorizing amides are prepared
from hydrophilic precursors with more than one cationic group by
amidization of an amine group. Any carboxylic acid groups are then
esterified with either a short or long chain alcohol.
[0021] Thus one range of examples of naturally derived controlled
release skin benefit or deodorizing salts suitable for formulations
of this invention are carboxylate or phenolate salts of cationic
esters or amides derived from the esterification or amidization of
an amino acid, a peptide, choline, creatine, carnitine or glycine
betaine with a fatty alcohol or fatty acid. Examples are
carboxylate or phenolate salts of one of the following (i) a
cationic C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl ester of a mono-carboxylic amino
acid, such as a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl ester of glycine, leucine,
iso-leucine, lysine, arginine, methionine, alanine, phenylalanine,
tryptophan, valine, asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, proline,
tyrosine, histidine, serine, threonine and ornithine, (ii) a
cationic C.sub.8-C.sub.18, C.sub.2-C.sub.18 di-alkyl ester of a
di-carboxylic amino acid, such as a dialkyl ester of aspartic or
glutamic acid (iii) a cationic C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkanoate,
C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl diester of serine or threonine, such as a
(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)-acyl-(C.sub.2-C.sub.8)-alkyl serinate, a
(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)-acyl-(C.sub.2-C.sub.8)-alkyl threonate, a
(C.sub.2-C.sub.8)-acyl-(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)-alkyl serinate and
(C.sub.2-C.sub.8)-acyl-(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)-alkyl threonate (iv) a
cationic an acyl amide-C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl ester of an amino acid
having a free-cationic moiety such as an
N.sup..alpha.--(C.sub.8-C.sub.18) acyl arginine alkyl
(C.sub.1-C.sub.8) ester, (v) a peptide esterified with a
C.sub.8-C.sub.18 fatty alcohol or fatty acid and having at least
one free cationic moiety, and (vi) a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkanoate
ester of choline, (vii) a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl creatinate, (viii)
C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl carnitinate or (ix) C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl
glycinate betaine.
[0022] A particularly preferred group of controlled release salts
of carboxylate or phenolate anions with naturally derived
multifunctional skin benefit cations include the cations of
N.sup..alpha.--(C.sub.8 to C.sub.18) acyl amide (C.sub.1 to
C.sub.8) alkyl ester of an amino acid having a free-cation moiety.
Non-limiting examples of suitable cations of these salts include
those of N.sup..alpha.--(C.sub.8-C.sub.18) acyl arginine alkyl
(C.sub.1-C.sub.8) ester, N.sup..alpha.--(C.sub.8-C.sub.18) acyl
lysine alkyl (C.sub.1-C.sub.8) ester,
N.sup..alpha.--(C.sub.8-C.sub.18) acyl histidine alkyl
(C.sub.8-C.sub.8) ester, N.sup..alpha.--(C.sub.8-C.sub.18) acyl
trytophan alkyl (C.sub.1-C.sub.8) ester and
N.sup..alpha.--(C.sub.8-C.sub.18) acyl ornithine alkyl
(C.sub.1-C.sub.8) ester. A preferred sub-group includes the
guanidinium cations of N.sup..alpha.--(C.sub.8-C.sub.18) acyl
arginine alkyl (C.sub.1-C.sub.8) esters. A particularly preferred
guanidinium cation is that of N.sup..alpha.-lauroyl arginine ethyl
ester.
[0023] A particularly preferred group of salts combine cations of
N.sup..alpha.--(C.sub.8-C.sub.18) acyl arginine ethyl ester salts
with anions of (C.sub.8-C.sub.18) fatty acids. These salts are
naturally derived, non-toxic, have low cytotoxicity and are very
mild to skin. The laurate salt of N.sup..alpha.--(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)
lauroyl arginine ethyl ester is a particularly useful example of a
controlled-release salt which delivers a skin conditioning, skin
smoothing emollient.
[0024] Examples of polymeric cationic components of the controlled
release skin benefit or deodorizing salt include cations of
polyamines, cations of a polyethyleneimines, polyammonium cations
and polyquaternium cations.
[0025] The anionic portion of the controlled release salt is as
important as the cationic portion. The anionic portion of the salt
can be selected on the basis of benefit to the skin or to the
solubility of the resulting salt or its ability to promote
adherence to surfaces. The anionic portion of the controlled
release salt is either a carboxylate or phenolate ion. The anions
may have single or multiple anionic functionality and may have
additional functional groups. Preferred anions are natural or
naturally derived.
[0026] One group of useful mono-carboxylate ions are those of fatty
acids with between about 6 and 24 carbons. In general those with
between 8 and 18 carbons are preferred. A function of such anions
could be to reduce the solubility of the controlled release skin
benefit molecule and to increase its adherence to the skin. In this
regard, the solubility of the controlled release salt generally
decreases with increasing chain length of the fatty carboxylate
anion. On the other hand fatty carboxylates may also provide other
skin benefits. For example, some fatty acids such as undecylenic
acid are known to provide antifungal activity.
[0027] Di- and tri-carboxylate counter ions, like malate, tartrate,
succinate, fumarate, maleate and citrate often greatly decrease the
solubility of cationic skin benefit and deodorizing ingredients
because the salt can form with more than one cation to each
anion.
[0028] Carboxylic acids with other functional groups are also
useful in formulations of the invention. For example, alpha-hydroxy
carboxylates, beta-hydroxy carboxylates, and hydroxy-carboxylates
are useful as skin exfoliating agents with formulations that are
buffered in the acidic pH range. Non-limiting examples of alpha
hydroxy carboxylate ions are glycolate, lactate, malate, tartrate,
citrate ions. The acids of several beta hydroxy carboxylates can
also provide beneficial activity on the skin. Salicylic acid is an
exfoliant and is useful in treatment of acne. It also has some
anti-aging effects on the skin. Furthermore it is useful in the
removal of corns and warts. Carnitine is another useful betahydroxy
carboxylic acid having some antioxidant properties. When alpha or
beta hydroxy carboxylate ions are released into water from the
controlled release salts they can equilibrate with hydrogen ions to
form some amount of undissociated acid with the amount dependent on
the pH. It is often this dissolved undissociated acid which is
responsible for any skin benefits due to the anionic portion of the
controlled release skin salt.
[0029] There are several other cosmeceutical skin benefit acids
which can used as the anionic portion of controlled release salts
of the invention. Two non-limiting examples are ascorbic acid and
retinoic acid (vitamin A). Ascorbic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid
with exfoliant properties but it is also an antioxidant and is
claimed to have various skin benefit properties such as anti-aging
etc. Retinoic acid is claimed to combat wrinkles and make the skin
more youthful.
[0030] The anions of polycarboxylate acids like carbomers,
polyacrylates, alginates, and the like are useful as anionic
counterions for skin benefit cations. These anions are especially
effective in increasing adherence of the controlled release salts
to the skin. Many of these materials also have moisturizing effects
on the skin. Non-limiting examples of useful carboxylates are
straight chain and cross linked polyacrylates, and the anions of
poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid). Polyacrylic acids, which ionize
and form polyacrylates in water, are known as carbomers. Some
polyacrylates are marketed under the trade name of Carbopol.RTM..
Various Poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) polymers are marketed
under the Trade name of Gantrez.RTM.. Additionally alginates, and
carboxylated celluloses can be useful.
[0031] Another group of useful anions are those of phenols many of
which provide exfoliant or antimicrobial activity. Some phenols are
used in deep skin peel treatments used to treat blotchy skin, to
smooth out coarse wrinkles and to remove precancerous growths.
Examples of anions with antimicrobial properties are the phenolate
anions of phenol, resorcinol, parachlorophenol, triclosan and
parachlorometaxylenol and thymol. Polyphenols and derivatives
thereof may also be useful skin benefit agents, for example they
exhibit antioxidant properties which can protect the skin against
the effects of oxygen exposure and aging. Polyphenols are a group
of chemical substances found in plants and are characterized by the
presence of one or more phenolic units. For the purpose of this
invention, the term phenolate can refer to natural or synthetic
molecules that contain one of more hydroxy groups attached to an
aromatic ring. Examples of suitable polyphenols are ferulic acid,
reservatrol, gallic acid, coumaric acid, catechin, caffeic acid,
vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, aplanin and sinapyl arbutin.
Additional useful anionic components are the pentacyclic
triterpenoids, e.g. pentaphenyltriterpenes such as betulinic acid,
moronic acid, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid.
[0032] The controlled release salts of the invention can be
produced by any suitable method such as a double decomposition
reaction between soluble salts or by direct reaction between an
anionic acid and cationic base. The controlled salts of the
invention can be added as an ingredient or may be formed in situ in
the formulation. Alternatively the product can be formulated as two
separated phases, one containing the anionic acid or a soluble salt
of the anion and the second phase containing the cationic base or a
soluble salt of the cation. The controlled release salt is then
formed when the two phases are applied to the skin and are
mixed.
[0033] An important aspect of the invention is the limited
solubility of the undissociated salt. Thus once the surface
moisture is saturated with dissociated ions of the controlled
release salt, the salt itself does not dissolve. This assures that
the undissociated salts of the invention remain on the surface of
the skin until one or other of the dissociated ions is used up, or
lost. Also since the undissociated salt does not dissolve, it does
not penetrate the skin.
[0034] For some formulations, an important component of the
invention is a water-absorbing hydrophilic polymer with a molecular
weight above 2000. Hydrophilic polymers act as skin substantive
humectants and provide for moisture to be present on the skin. This
moisture layer allows some of the controlled release salt to
dissociate, releasing skin benefit or deodorizing agent. For this
purpose, generally from about 0.05% to about 20% of hydrophilic
polymer is required in formulations of the invention. Suitable
hydrophilic polymers include polyacrylates, alginates, and
cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyalkyl cellulose of which
methyl, hydroxyethyl and, hydroxypropyl cellulose are the most
useful. Also useful are gelatin, polydextrin, polyvinyl alcohol.
Especially useful for this invention are hydrophilic copolymers
known as "super slurpers" which are saponified starch-graft
polyacrylonitrile copolymers. These are especially useful since
small amounts of super slurper can hold larger amounts of moisture,
generally more than their own weight.
[0035] Especially useful hydrophilic polymers for increasing the
moisture layer on skin are quaternized hydroxypolymers. Without
being limited, specific examples include quaternized
hydroxypolymers including quaternary ammonium derivatives of
hydroxyethyl cellulose, such as polyquaternium-4 and
polyquaternium-10. Also useful are polyglycosamineglycan polymers.
Cationic guar gums are also effective, including, for example, guar
hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride. These polymers not only retain
moisture but are also highly effective skin conditioners. Many
proteins and polypeptides with molecular weights above about 2000
are also useful for attracting and retaining moisture on the skin
and in addition provide skin conditioning benefits.
[0036] Another group of useful polymers for attracting and
retaining moisture on the skin are categorized as
glycosaminoglycans and derivatives thereof. These polymers are
natural or naturally derived. An important example of such a
polymer is hyaluronic acid, which also provides skin lubricity.
Another example is chitosan which has muco-adhesive properties.
[0037] Skin cleaning, body wash, shampoo and soap formulations of
this invention contain from about 1% to about 90% of one or more
anionic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactants or soaps. Surfactants
and soaps are used to effectively clean the skin as well as to
create foam which enhances the cleaning experience. Furthermore,
surfactants and soaps disperse or emulsify the controlled release
salts of the invention. While dispersion or emulsion of the
controlled-release salt is usually desirable, it is preferred that
micro-emulsions of the controlled-release salt not be formed,
because this can reduce the tendency of the controlled release salt
to be deposited on the skin.
[0038] It is desirable to use surfactants and soaps which are
non-toxic and mild to the skin. It is preferred to use surfactants
and soaps derived from natural plant sources rather than from
synthetic or oil derived compounds. Plant sources are generally
renewable and are likely to be safer to humans, being completely
metabolized by the body to non-toxic compounds, like carbon dioxide
and water. They are also more fully biodegraded in the environment
and do not leave environmentally toxic residues.
[0039] Non-limiting examples of useful anionic surfactants include
alkali metal and ammonium salts of acyl sarcosinates, isethionates,
methyl taurates, glutamates, lactylates and glycinates. Specific
examples are the sodium salts of lauroyl, cocoyl, myristoyl,
palmoyl and stearoyl sarcosinate, the sodium salts of sodium salts
of lauroyl, cocoyl, myristoyl, palmoyl and stearoyl isethionate,
the sodium salts of lauroyl, cocoyl, myristoyl, palmoyl and
stearoyl methyl taurate, the sodium salts of lauroyl, cocoyl,
myristoyl, palmoyl and stearoyl glutamate, the sodium salts of
lauroyl, cocoyl, myristoyl, palmoyl and stearoyl lactylate and the
sodium salts of lauroyl, cocoyl, myristoyl, palmoyl and stearoyl
glycinate.
[0040] Also useful are the alkali metal and ammonium salts of alkyl
sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl phosphates and alkyl
sulfoacetates. Specific examples of these surfactants are sodium
lauryl sulfate, sodium cocosulfate, sodium laureth-3 sulfate,
sodium mono-lauryl phosphate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and sodium
myristyl sulfoacetate.
[0041] Additional examples include the alkali metal and ammonium
salts of sulfated monoglycerides, sulfonated olefins, alkyl aryl
sulfonates, primary or secondary alkane sulfonates, alkyl
sulfosuccinates, alkyl glycerylether sulfonate, sulfonated methyl
esters, sulfonated fatty acids, alkyl ether carboxylates, acyl
lactylates, sulfonated olefins, alkyl aryl sulfonates, primary or
secondary alkane sulfonates, acylated peptides, alkyl ether
carboxylates, sulfated monoglycerides, sulfonated olefins, alkyl
aryl sulfonates,
[0042] An especially mild group of anionic surfactants include the
alkali metal and ammonium hydroxypropyl sulfonate alkyl glucoside
crosspolymers. The alkyl group can for example be decyl, lauryl,
cocoyl, palmityl and cetyl groups.
[0043] Another group of useful anionics are classified as "soaps".
Soaps are alkali metal or ammonium salts of fatty acids with chain
lengths containing between about 8 and 18 carbon atoms. Preferred
are those made from natural renewable preferably plant based
sources. Non-limiting examples of suitable soaps include alkali
metal and ammonium salts of fatty acids such as lauric, myristic,
palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids.
[0044] Suitable nonionic surfactants include but are not limited to
C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkyl glucosides and polyglucosides as well as the
sucrose esters of fatty acids. Particularly preferred are the
C.sub.8-C.sub.14 alkyl polyglucosides and the sucrose, glucose,
sorbitol, sorbitan and polyglycerol esters of C.sub.10-C.sub.18
fatty acids. Amine oxides are also useful because of their high
foaming action. Additionally polyhydroxy fatty acid amides,
alkoxylated fatty acid esters, ethoxylated and ethoxylated
propoxylated alcohols as well as ethoxylate-propoxylated block
co-polymers can be used. Also useful are alkanolamides and
monoglycerides of fatty acids.
[0045] Suitable amphoteric surfactants include but are not limited
to alkali metal and ammonium alkyl amphoacetates, such as sodium
lauroamphoacetate and disodium lauroampho-diacetates, sodium alkyl
amphopropionates such as sodium cocoamphopropionate, disodium alkyl
amphodipropionate such as disodium cocoamphodipropionate, betaines,
such as alkyl amino-betaines, alkyl dimethyl betaines and
cocoamidopropyl betaine, imadazolines, sulfobetaines, sultaines,
hydroxysultaines, alkyl iminoacetates, iminodialkanoates,
aminoalkanoates, and mixtures thereof.
[0046] Another embodiment of the invention includes the addition of
about 0.02 to about 2% of an emollient/emulsifier comprising a
glycerol ester of a C.sub.8-C.sub.14 fatty acid. A preferred
glycerol ester is glyceryl laurate (glycerol monolaurate). In
addition to its advantages emollient and emulsifying properties,
glycerol esters of fatty acids have sometimes been found to prevent
bacterial growth in the formulation thereby preserving it.
[0047] Formulations of the invention especially body washes and
soaps can also contain water. Typically such aqueous formulations
contain from about 2 to about 95% water, preferably 10 to 90%.
However, formulations of the invention can also be anhydrous.
[0048] Since the skin tends to be mildly acidic it is generally
advisable to buffer formulations of the invention into a mildly
acidic pH range to minimize irritation. An optimum pH range for
formulations of the invention is from about 3.0 to about 7.0, more
preferably 3.5 to 6.5.
[0049] The controlled release deodorizing and skin benefit salts
are especially useful in deodorant formulations and can be used in
combination with antiperspirant and other deodorant actives. The
controlled release salts are formulated into either an
antiperspirant or deodorant product matrix, wherein the salts are
dispersed within the product matrix. In use, the product matrix
containing the dispersed salts is applied to odiferous areas of the
skin such as the underarm, so that the dispersed salts are spread
or flow over the applied surface, where they deodorize and provide
other skin benefits, such as soothing of the underarm skin,
especially that which has been irritated due to damage by shaving.
Once on the skin, the controlled-release salts partially dissolve
and dissociate in sweat or other moisture on the underarm, thus
allowing the controlled release salts to deliver both free cations
and anions for deodorization and other possible skin benefits. The
undissolved portion of the controlled release salt acts as a
reservoir for further release of the deodorizing and skin benefit
ions as they are depleted or washed away by the sweat.
[0050] It therefore another object of the present invention to
provide a method for deodorization and perspiration control of the
skin and potentially provide other benefits to the skin over an
extended period of time. It is a further object of the present
invention to provide a method of use for deodorizing skin using a
formulation that contains controlled release salts dispersed with
an antiperspirant in a deodorant matrix.
[0051] When present, antiperspirant actives are added at
concentrations ranging from about 0.1% to about 30%, more
preferably from about 5% to about 30%, by weight of the
composition. The antiperspirant active can be solubilized or added
as a solid, preferably in the form of dispersed solid particulates.
Preferably the said dispersed particulate solids have an average
particle diameter of less than about 100 microns, preferably from
about 1 micron to about 40 microns.
[0052] The antiperspirant active for use in the antiperspirant
embodiments of the present invention include any compound,
composition or other material having antiperspirant activity.
Preferred antiperspirant actives include astringent metallic salts,
especially inorganic and organic salts of aluminum, zirconium and
zinc, as well as mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are
aluminum-containing and/or zirconium-containing salts or materials,
such as aluminum halides, aluminum hydroxyhalides, zirconyl
oxyhalides, zirconyl hydroxyhalides, and mixtures thereof.
Especially useful antiperspirant actives suitable for use in the
formulations include aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum
dichlorohydrate, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate, aluminum
chlorohydrex propylene glycol complex, aluminum dichlorohydrex
propylene glycol complex, aluminum sesquichlorohydrex propylene
glycol complex, aluminum chlorohydrex polyethylene glycol complex,
aluminum dichlorohydrex polyethylene glycol complex, aluminum
sesquichlorohydrex polyethylene glycol complex, aluminum zirconium
trichlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, aluminum
zirconium pentatchlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium
octachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex glycine
complex, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex glycine complex,
aluminum zirconium pentachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum
zirconium octachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum chloride,
aluminum sulfate buffered, and combinations thereof.
[0053] The antiperspirant and deodorant formulations of the present
invention also comprise a solid suspending or thickening agent to
help provide the formulations with the desired viscosity, rheology,
texture and/or product hardness, or to otherwise help suspend any
dispersed solids or liquids within the composition.
[0054] The term "suspending agent" as used herein, unless otherwise
specified, means any material known or otherwise effective in
providing suspending, gelling, solidifying and/or thickening
properties to the composition or which otherwise provide structure
to the final product form. These suspending agents include gelling
agents, and polymeric or nonpolymeric or inorganic thickening
agents.
[0055] The concentration and type of suspending agent selected for
use in the antiperspirant and deodorant formulations will vary
depending upon the desired product hardness, rheology, formulation
(e.g., antiperspirant formulation or deodorant formulation) and/or
other related product characteristics. For most suspending agents
suitable for use herein, the total suspending agent concentration
ranges from about 0.1% to about 40%, more typically from about 0.1%
to about 35%, by weight of the composition. Suspending agent
concentrations will tend to be lower for liquid embodiments (e.g.,
aerosols, roll-ons, etc) and higher for semi-solid (e.g., soft
solids or creams) or solid stick embodiments.
[0056] Non limiting examples of suitable suspending agents include
hydrogenated castor oil (e.g., Castorwax MP80, Castor Wax, etc.),
fatty alcohols (e.g., stearyl alcohol), solid paraffins,
triglycerides and other similar solid suspending esters or other
microcrystalline waxes, silicone and modified silicone waxes. Non
limiting examples of optional suspending agents suitable for use
herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,514 (Guskey et al.),
U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,424 (Bretzler et al.), which descriptions are
incorporated herein by reference.
[0057] Other suitable suspending agents include silicone elastomers
at concentrations ranging from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight
of the composition. Non-limiting examples of such silicone
elastomer materials suitable for use as a suspending agent herein
are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,654,362 (Schulz, Jr. et al.); U.S.
Pat. No. 6,060,546 (Powell et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,919,437 (Lee
et al.), which descriptions are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0058] Non-limiting examples of suitable suspending agents for use
in deodorant embodiments of the present invention include fatty
acid salts such as sodium stearate and other similar materials as
described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,248 (Luebbe et al.), which
description is incorporated herein by reference.
[0059] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant formulations of
the present invention optionally comprise an anhydrous carrier
liquid at concentrations ranging from about 10% to about 99%,
preferably from about 20% to about 70%, by weight of the
composition. Such concentrations will vary depending upon variables
such as product form, desired product hardness, selection of other
ingredients in the composition, and so forth. The anhydrous carrier
liquid for use in the composition can be any anhydrous liquid that
is known for use in personal care applications or is otherwise
suitable for topical application to the skin.
[0060] The carrier liquid can comprise a volatile or non-volatile
silicone liquid, which may include cyclic, linear and/or branched
chain silicones. The concentration of silicone liquids in the
antiperspirant composition of the present invention preferably
ranges from about 5% to about 80%, preferably from about 20% to
about 60%, more preferably from about 30% to about 60%, by weight
of the composition.
[0061] Suitable volatile silicones for use herein include, but are
not limited to, Cyclomethicone D5 (commercially available from G.
E. Silicones); Dow Corning 344, and Dow Corning 345 (commercially
available from Dow Corning Corp.); and GE 7207, GE 7158 and
Silicone Fluids SF-1202 and SF-1173 (available from General
Electric Co.). Non limiting examples of suitable volatile silicones
are described in Todd et al., "Volatile Silicone Fluids for
Cosmetics", Cosmetics and Toiletries, 91:27-32 (1976), which
descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
[0062] Specific non limiting examples of suitable non volatile,
linear, silicone carriers include Dow Corning 200,
hexamethyldisiloxane, Dow Corning 225, Down Corning 1732, Dow
Corning 5732, Dow Corning 5750 (available from Dow Corning Corp.);
and SF-96, SF-1066 and SF18(350) Silicone Fluids (available from
G.E. Silicones).
[0063] Many other carrier liquids known for use in personal care
products can be used in the antiperspirant formulations, alone or
in combination with the carrier liquids described in more detail
herein. Many such other carrier liquids are disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 6,013,248 (Luebbe et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,489 (Swaile
et al.), which descriptions are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0064] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant formulations of
the present invention may further comprise any optional ingredient
that is known for use in antiperspirants and deodorant products or
other personal care products, or which is otherwise suitable for
topical application to human skin.
[0065] Non limiting examples of optional ingredients include dyes
or colorants, emulsifiers, perfumes, propellants, deodorant
perfumes, preservatives, vitamins, non-vitamin nutrients,
emollients, coupling agents or other solvents, surfactants,
processing aides such as viscosity modifiers, wash-off aids, and so
forth. Examples of such optional materials are described in U.S.
Pat. No. 4,049,792 (Elsnau); U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,375 (Tanner et
al.); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,816 (Hofrichter et al.); which
descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
[0066] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant formulations of
the present invention may be applied topically to the axilla or
other area of the skin in an amount effective to treat or reduce
perspiration wetness and or malodor. The composition is preferably
applied in an amount ranging from about 0.1 gram to about 20 grams,
more preferably from about 0.1 gram to about 10 grams, even more
preferably from about 0.1 gram to about 1 gram, to the desired area
of the skin. The formulations are preferably applied one to two
times daily, preferably once daily, to achieve effective
antiperspirant and malodor control.
[0067] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant formulations of
the present invention can be formulated in a variety of product
forms and then applied to the axilla or other area of the skin in
the manner described herein, such variety product forms including
solids (e.g., sticks), semi-solids (e.g., lotions, creams, soft
solids), or liquids (e.g. aerosols, non-aerosol sprays, roll-ons,
porous dome liquids).
[0068] Other ingredients, which can optionally be added to
formulations of the invention include, but are not limited to,
moisturizers, humectants, emollients, exfoliants, skin smoothing
agents, nutraceuticals, vitamins, dyes fragrances, thickening
agents, processing aids, preservatives and the like.
[0069] Skin cleaning and deodorant formulations of the invention
can be used in any type of skin cleaning or body deodorization
formulations, for example hand soaps, body washes, shampoos,
pre-operation scrubs, wound cleaners, personal deodorants,
antiperspirants, etc.
[0070] The following nonlimiting examples shall serve to illustrate
the embodiments of the invention. The examples are presented solely
for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as
limitation on the present invention since many variations are
possible without departing from the spirit and the scope of the
invention. Unless otherwise stated, all parts and percentages are
on a weight basis.
Example 1
TABLE-US-00001 [0071] Ingredient/Wt. % Deodorant Stick Sodium
stearate 8.0% Water 3.5 Decanoate salt of N-lauroyl lysine ethyl
ester 3.0 1,3 propanediol 15.0 Glycerine 5.0 Ethanol 62.0
Hyaluronic acid 1.0 Essential oil fragrance 0.5 Sorbitan stearate
2.0 Total 100.0
Example 2
TABLE-US-00002 [0072] Ingredient/Wt. % Deodorizing Bath Oil
Isopropyl myristate 20.0% Mineral oil 30.0 Ethoxylated Glyceryl
cocoate 15.0 Sodium lauroamphoacetate 10.0 Lauramidopropyl betaine
8.0 Polyquaternium-4 2.0 Glyceryl monolaurate 2.0 Octanoate salt of
lauryl alanine ester 2.0 Lavender oil fragrance 1.0 Water 10.0
Total 100.0
Example 3
TABLE-US-00003 [0073] Ingredient/Wt. % Body wash Cocoamidopropyl
betaine 15.0% Carbomer salt of N-lauroyl arginine ethyl ester 2.0
Decyl glucoside 10.0 Guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride 2.0
Lactic acid To pH 4.5-5.5 Lemon fragrance 0.5 Water 70.5 Total
100.0
* * * * *