U.S. patent application number 14/308881 was filed with the patent office on 2014-11-27 for wireless relay module for remote monitoring systems.
The applicant listed for this patent is Covidien LP. Invention is credited to Kenneth Breitweiser, Robert Gaines, John Holste, Joel Wiesner.
Application Number | 20140348054 14/308881 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46490694 |
Filed Date | 2014-11-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140348054 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Gaines; Robert ; et
al. |
November 27, 2014 |
Wireless Relay Module for Remote Monitoring Systems
Abstract
A wireless relay module for networked communications between a
series of medical devices and a remote monitoring device. An
interface circuit coupled to each medical device communicates with
the wireless relay module via a wireless relay network. The relay
module communicates with the remote monitoring device over one or
more internet-accessible wireless communication networks, and
includes a receiver coupled to the wireless relay network,
transmitter(s) for the wireless relay network or other wireless
relay networks, other transmitters for the one or more
Internet-accessible wireless communications networks; and a
controller. The controller determines a status of the one or more
internet-accessible wireless communications networks. When the
status indicates that at least one of the internet-accessible
wireless communications network is available, the appropriate
transmitter is selected for the transmitting medical device data
over the available internet-accessible wireless communications
networks. When the internet-accessible wireless communications
networks are not accessible, the appropriate wireless relay network
transmitter is selected for transmitting the data to another
wireless relay module.
Inventors: |
Gaines; Robert; (Lake Saint
Louis, MO) ; Wiesner; Joel; (St. Peters, MO) ;
Holste; John; (Hamburg, IL) ; Breitweiser;
Kenneth; (Brighton, IL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Covidien LP |
Mansfield |
MA |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
46490694 |
Appl. No.: |
14/308881 |
Filed: |
June 19, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13241620 |
Sep 23, 2011 |
8798527 |
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14308881 |
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|
13006769 |
Jan 14, 2011 |
8818260 |
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13241620 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
370/315 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M 2205/3592 20130101;
H04Q 9/00 20130101; A61B 5/0022 20130101; H04W 72/02 20130101; H04B
7/15542 20130101; A61M 5/142 20130101; H04W 88/04 20130101; G16H
40/67 20180101; H04L 67/12 20130101; H04B 7/15592 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
370/315 |
International
Class: |
H04B 7/155 20060101
H04B007/155; H04W 72/02 20060101 H04W072/02; H04L 29/08 20060101
H04L029/08 |
Claims
1. A wireless relay module comprising: a first receiver capable of
wirelessly receiving medical device data over a first wireless
relay network from at least one medical device; a first transmitter
capable of wirelessly transmitting data over a first
internet-accessible wireless communications network; a second
transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting data over a second
internet-accessible wireless communications network; a third
transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting medical device data
to a second wireless relay module over the first wireless relay
network; and a controller coupled to said transmitters, said
controller capable of controlling said wireless relay module to
select one of said first, second or third transmitter for
transmitting medical device data received by said first
receiver.
2. The wireless relay module of claim 1, wherein said third
transmitter is further capable of transmitting operating
instructions to said at least one medical device.
3. The wireless relay module of claim 2, further comprising: a
second receiver capable of wirelessly receiving said operating
instructions from at least one of said first or second
internet-accessible wireless communications networks; and a memory
electrically connected to said controller, said memory capable of
buffering said received operating instructions destined for
respective ones of said medical devices, wherein said controller
controls the order and/or priority for transmission of said
operating instructions to said respective ones of said medical
devices.
4. The wireless relay module of claim 3, wherein the second
receiver is capable of wirelessly receiving said operating
instructions from said first internet-accessible wireless
communications network, further comprising: a third receiver
capable of wirelessly receiving said operating instructions from
said second internet-accessible wireless communications
network.
5. The wireless relay module of claim 4, further comprising: a
fourth transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting medical
device data; wherein said controller is further coupled to said
first receiver, is capable of determining a type of the wireless
relay network according to the medical device data received from
the at least one medical device, and is further capable of
selecting one of the third transmitter or the fourth transmitter
according to the type of the wireless relay network for
transmitting operating instructions to the at least one medical
device.
6. The wireless relay module of claim 1, further comprising: a
status module coupled to the first transmitter and controller, said
status module capable of determining a status of potential
communications over each of said first or second wireless
communications networks and providing said status to the controller
for selecting said first or second transmitter based on said
status.
7. The wireless relay module of claim 6, further comprising: a
wireless communications network indicator electrically connected to
said status module for providing a status indication of a
determined status of potential communications over at least one of
said first or second wireless communications networks by said
wireless relay module.
8. The wireless relay module of claim 1, further comprising: a
wireless relay network indicator electrically connected to said
controller for providing a status indication of a determined status
of potential communications over said wireless relay network.
9. The wireless relay module of claim 1, wherein said controller is
capable of selecting one of said first, second or third
transmitters based on receiving a status parameter over said
wireless relay network.
10. The wireless relay module of claim 1, further comprising a
transformer circuit to enable said device to be powered by an AC
power source.
11. The wireless relay module of claim 10, further configured for
being plugged into and supported by an AC wall power outlet.
12. The wireless relay module of claim 11, further comprising a
modular AC wall power plug that may be replaceable removed from the
wireless relay module.
13. The wireless relay module of claim 1 wherein said wireless
relay network is a ZIGBEE network.
14. The wireless relay module of claim 1 wherein said wireless
relay network is a relay-enable Bluetooth network.
15. The wireless relay module of claim 1, wherein one of said first
or second internet-accessible wireless communications networks is a
mobile communications network.
16. The wireless relay module of claim 15 wherein one or more of
said first or second mobile communications networks is a
CDMA-based, GSM-based or WiMax-based network.
17. The wireless relay module of claim 15, wherein the second
internet-accessible wireless communications networks is selected
from the group consisting of metropolitan area networks (MANs),
campus area Networks (CANs), local area networks (LANs), home area
networks (HANs), personal area networks (PANs) and body area
networks (BANs).
18. The wireless relay module of claim 1 wherein said medical
device data is encrypted medical device data.
19. The wireless relay module of claim 1 further comprising: a
second receiver coupled to the controller and capable of wirelessly
receiving medical device data over a second wireless relay network;
and a fourth transmitter coupled to the controller and capable of
wirelessly transmitting medical device data to a second wireless
relay module over the second wireless relay network.
20. A process for operating a relay module in a medical device
wireless network, comprising the steps of: a. receiving data from
at least one medical devices over a wireless relay network; b.
determining the status of first and second internet-accessible
wireless communications networks in respective communication with
first and second transmitters of said relay module; c. transmitting
said data from said at least one medical devices over said first or
second communications network by said first or second transmitter
if said determined status satisfies a particular criteria; and d.
transmitting said data from said at least one medical devices by a
third transmitter in communication with the wireless relay network
to a second relay module over the wireless relay network if said
determined status fails to satisfy the particular criteria.
21. The process of claim 20 further comprising the steps of:
receiving operating instructions over the first or second
internet-accessible wireless communications network intended for
said at least one medical devices; and transmitting said received
operating instructions to said intended ones of said at least one
medical device.
22. The process of claim 20 further comprising the steps of
buffering said received operating instructions destined for
respective ones of said medical devices; and controlling at least
one of an order or priority for transmission of said operating
instructions to said respective ones of said medical devices.
23. The process of claim 20 further comprising the steps of:
providing an indication of potential communications over at least
one of said first or second wireless communications networks during
a power-up sequence of said relay module.
24. The process of claim 20 further comprising the steps of:
providing an indication of potential communications over said
wireless relay network during a power-up sequence of said relay
module.
25. The process of claim 24, wherein the step of providing an
indication of potential communications over said wireless relay
network further comprises the step of: providing an indication of a
signal strength of said wireless relay network by selectively
illuminating none or one or more LED indicators.
26. The process of claim 20, wherein said wireless relay network is
a ZIGBEE network.
27. The process of claim 20, wherein said wireless relay network is
a relay enabled Bluetooth network.
28. The process of claim 20, wherein at least one of said first or
second wireless communications networks is a communications channel
of a mobile communications network
29. The process of claim 28, wherein said mobile communications
network is a CDMA, GSM or WiMax-based network.
30. The process of claim 20, wherein the determining step further
comprises the steps of: measuring a state of each of said first and
second wireless communications networks; and determining said
status of said first and second wireless communications networks as
a function of said measured states of said first and second
wireless communications networks.
31. The process of claim 30, wherein the measured state is related
to a signal strength of the measured wireless communication
network.
32. The process of claim 30, wherein the measured state is related
to a latency of communications in the measured wireless
communication network.
33. The process of claim 20, wherein the particular criteria
includes the identification of a user selection of one of the first
or second wireless communications networks.
34. The process of claim 20, wherein the said status is determined
as a function of a value of a data element stored by a storage
element of said relay module.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation application claiming
priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 13/241,620 entitled "Improved
Wireless Relay Module for Remote Monitoring Systems filed on Sep.
23, 2011, which is a continuation-in-part application claiming
priority of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/006,769 entitled
"Wireless Relay Module for Remote Monitoring Systems filed Jan. 14,
2011", that is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 13/006,784,
filed Jan. 14, 2011, entitled "Medical Device Wireless Network
Architectures", which are both incorporated by reference in therein
entirety herein.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present application is directed to a wireless relay
module for communicating between a series of medical devices and
remote monitoring devices, and more particularly, to a wireless
relay module for receiving communications from and transmitting
communications to medical devices via one or more wireless relay
networks, and for transferring the communications received from the
remote monitoring devices via one or more internet-accessible
wireless communications networks.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In critical care and home care health service centers
including hospitals, clinics, assisted living centers and the like,
care giver-patient interaction time is at a premium. Moreover,
response times by care givers to significant health conditions and
events can be critical. Systems of centralized monitoring have been
developed to better manage care giver time and patient interaction.
In such systems, physiological data from each patient is
transmitted to a centralized location. At this centralized
location, a single or small number of technicians monitor all of
this patient information to determine patient status. Information
indicating a patient alarm condition will cause the technicians
and/or system to communicate with local care givers to provide
immediate patient attention, for example via wireless pagers and/or
cell phones, and/or by making a facility-wide audio page.
[0004] Implementing such centralized monitoring systems using
wireless networks may present a number of difficulties. In order to
effectively monitor patient status using information provided by a
variety of medical devices that may be dynamically assigned to
patients in a variety of rooms and on a variety of floors in a
facility, it would be desirable to establish communications between
the medical devices and the centralized location by means of a
local area network such as, for example, a "WiFi" network based on
IEEE 802.11 standards. However, as such networks are typically
already in place in facilities to support a variety of other
functions (for example, physician access to electronic medical
records (EMRs), facility administrative systems and other
functions), it is often undesirable to secure sufficient local area
network access for the purpose of providing centralized monitoring.
Moreover, when a patient is located remotely from a critical care
health service center (for example, at home), access to traditional
local area network facilities such as a WiFi network may be
unavailable or not sufficiently reliable to support critical care
monitoring applications.
[0005] Clearly, for improved efficiencies in centralized monitoring
of critical care and home care health service centers, it may be
desirable to provide a single "off-site" centralized monitoring
location for monitoring several geographically-dispersed critical
care health service centers.
[0006] As an alternative to conventional WiFi or IEEE 801.11-based
local area networks, ZIGBEE networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4
standard for wireless personal area networks have been used for
collecting information from a variety of medical devices in
accordance with IEEE 11073 Device Specializations for point-of-care
medical device communication, including for example pulse
oximeters, blood pressure monitors, pulse monitors, weight scales
and glucose meters. See, e.g., ZIGBEE Wireless Sensor Applications
for Health, Wellness and Fitness, the ZIGBEE Alliance, March 2009,
which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. ZIGBEE
networks provide the advantage of being dynamically configurable,
for example, in "self-healing" mesh configurations, and operating
with low power requirements (enabling, for example, ZIGBEE
transceivers to be integrally coupled to the medical devices under
battery power). However, transmission ranges between individual
ZIGBEE transceivers are generally limited to no more than several
hundred feet. As a consequence, such networks are unusable for
centralized monitoring locations located off-site. Also, in
accordance with applicable patient data privacy provisions of the
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
(HIPAA), communication of information between the monitored medical
devices and the central monitoring location must be done
securely.
[0007] Thus, it would be desirable to provide a wireless relay
module capable of relaying communications made between medical
devices in communication with a wireless local area network or
wireless personal area network and a remote monitoring device in
communication with a wireless network of wider reach (for example,
a wireless wide area network).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention is directed to a wireless relay module
for providing networked communications between a series of medical
devices and remote monitoring devices. In accordance with a
preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more medical devices
(including but not limited to including for example, respirators,
external feeding devices, pulse oximeters, blood pressure monitors,
pulse monitors, weight scales and glucose meters) are provided at a
patient facility. An interface circuit is coupled to each medical
device, and is configured for communicating with one of a plurality
of the wireless relay modules via one of a plurality wireless relay
networks. The wireless relay modules are advantageously further
configured to communicate with a remote monitoring device over one
or more internet-accessible wireless communication networks, and
preferably, wireless wide-area networks (WWAN) such as a mobile
telephone data network including (for example, based on a Global
System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Code Division Multiple
Access (CDMA) cellular network or associated wireless data
channels, or WiMAX networks). Also, for compliance for example with
HIPAA regulations, communications over each of the wireless
networks are preferably conducted securely using, for example,
encryption of data and/or commands.
[0009] Each of the plurality of wireless relay modules includes a
receiver capable of wirelessly receiving medical device data from
respective interface circuits via the wireless relay network, a
first transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting medical device
data to another one of the wireless relay modules over the wireless
relay network, second and third transmitters capable of wirelessly
transmitting data over respective internet-accessible wireless
communications networks, and a controller coupled to the first,
second and third transmitters.
[0010] The controller is configured to determine access status of
the respective internet-accessible wireless communications
networks, and to select one of the first, second or third
transmitters based on that status and routing criteria. For
example, when the status indicates that the first or second
internet-accessible wireless communications networks is accessible
to the wireless relay module, the controller in accordance with the
status selects the first or second transmitter for transmitting
medical device data transmitted by the interface circuit to the
wireless relay module. If both the first and second
internet-accessible wireless communications networks are accessible
to the wireless relay module, the controller selects either the
first or second transmitter for transmitting medical device data in
accordance with routing criteria. Such routing criteria may give
priority to the internet-accessible wireless communications
networks of the greatest signal strength or of lower cost or as
specified by a network manager.
[0011] When the status indicates that neither internet-accessible
wireless communications network is accessible, the controller
selects the third transmitter for transmitting the medical device
data to another one of the wireless relay modules. In this manner,
another attempt to transmit the medical device data over one of the
internet-accessible wireless communication networks can be
attempted by this other wireless relay module (and potentially
additional ones of the wireless relay modules) until a successful
transmission is achieved. In addition, it should be understood that
additional receivers and transmitters may be employed in the module
to communicate with different medical devices over different
wireless relay networks.
[0012] Each of the plurality of wireless relay modules may also
include additional receivers for receiving communications from the
internet-accessible wireless communications networks.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] The invention will become more readily apparent from the
Detailed Description of the Invention, which proceeds with
reference to the drawings, in which:
[0014] FIG. 1 presents a block diagram of an exemplary medical
device network architecture that incorporates a wireless relay
module according to the present invention;
[0015] FIG. 2 presents a block diagram further illustrating
exemplary wireless network components of the architecture according
to FIG. 1;
[0016] FIG. 3(a) presents a schematic diagram illustrating an
exemplary wireless relay module according to the present
invention;
[0017] FIGS. 3(b)-3(d) present schematic diagrams respectively
illustrating top, front and side views of an embodiment of the
wireless relay module of FIG. 3(a);
[0018] FIG. 3(e) illustrates an exemplary control panel for the
wireless relay module of FIGS. 3(b)-3(d);
[0019] FIG. 4 presents a flow diagram illustrating a first
exemplary method of operation for the relay module of FIG.
3(a);
[0020] FIG. 5 presents a flow diagram illustrating a second
exemplary method of operation for the relay module of FIG.
3(a);
[0021] FIG. 6 presents a schematic diagram illustrating an
alternative exemplary wireless relay module to that depicted in
FIG. 3(a) according to the present invention; and
[0022] FIG. 7 presents a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary
method of operation for the relay module of FIG. 6.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0023] Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary
embodiments of the invention, including the best modes contemplated
by the inventors for carrying out the invention. Examples of these
exemplary embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
While the invention is described in conjunction with these
embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit
the invention to the described embodiments. Rather, the invention
is also intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and
equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the
invention as defined by the appended claims.
[0024] In the following description, specific details are set forth
in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present
invention. The present invention may be practiced without some or
all of these specific details. In other instances, well-known
aspects have not been described in detail in order not to
unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
[0025] For the purpose of illustrating the present invention,
exemplary embodiments are described with reference to FIGS.
1-5.
[0026] In this specification and the appended claims, the singular
forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural references unless the
context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all
technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as
commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which
this invention belongs.
[0027] A diagram of an exemplary architecture 100 for a system for
monitoring medical devices in accordance with the present invention
is illustrated in FIG. 1. One or more medical devices 10 are
provided at a patient facility 20 for monitoring the medical
condition and/or administering medical treatment to one or more
patients. Patient facility 20 may comprise a critical care health
service center (for example, including hospitals, clinics, assisted
living centers and the like) servicing a number of patients, a home
facility for servicing one or more patients, or a personal
enclosure (for example, a backpack) that may attached to or worn by
an ambulatory patient.
[0028] Associated with each medical device 10 is an interface
circuit 15 that includes a transceiver having one or more of a
transmitter and/or a receiver for respectively transmitting and
receiving signals in a facility-oriented wireless network such as,
for example, a Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks or
"LR-WPAN," ZIGBEE network or another low-power personal area
network such as a low power BLUETOOTH network, existing or
presently under development or consideration. See, e.g., Houda
Labiod et al., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee and WiMax, Springer 2010,
which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. It
should be understood that interface circuit 15 may be contained
within or disposed external to medical device 10 in accordance with
the present invention. Also provided within the patient facility 20
are one or more relay modules 30a.
[0029] As described in greater detail with regard to FIG. 3(a),
each module 30a includes a first transceiver for receiving signals
from and transmitting signals to the interface circuits 15 in one
or more of the facility-oriented wireless networks. Each relay
module 30a, as depicted in FIG. 3(a), further includes a second
transceiver for wirelessly transmitting signals to and receiving
signals from an access point 40 via a wireless wide-area network or
"WWAN". Suitable WWANs for use with the present invention include,
for example, networks based on a Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
cellular network or associated with the 2G, 3G, 3G Long Term
Evolution, 4G, WiMAX cellular wireless standards of the
International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication. Sector
(ITU-R). See, e.g., Vijay Garg, Wireless Communications &
Networking, Morgan Kaufmann 2007, which is incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety. Additional suitable exemplary
WWANs include metropolitan area networks (MANs), campus area
networks (CANs), local area networks (LANs), home area networks
(HANs), personal area networks (PANs) and body area networks
(BANs). It should be readily understood that the relay module 30a
may include additional transceivers for communicating with
additional WWANs or additional facility-oriented wireless networks
as described in greater detail with respect to FIG. 6.
[0030] For compliance with HIPAA regulations, communications over
each of the facility-oriented wireless network and WWAN are
preferably conducted securely using, for example, encryption, a
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol or a Transport Layer Security
(TLS) protocol.
[0031] As illustrated in FIG. 1, a suitable access point 40 useable
with the present invention may include an inbound web server 41
that incorporates or otherwise has access to a transceiver for
communicating with the relay modules 30a over a particular WWAN.
Medical device data received by the inbound web server 41 over the
WWAN is forwarded to a secure data storage server 42, which is
configured for example to log the received data in association with
identification information of the associated medical devices. An
outbound web server 43 is configured, for example, to receive and
qualify data retrieval requests submitted by one or more of remote
monitoring devices 61, 62 and 63 over a broad-band network 50 (for
example, over the Internet), to request associated medical device
data to be retrieved from the secure data storage server 42, and to
format and transmit the retrieved data to the one or more remote
monitoring devices 61, 62 and 63 for display on associated device
displays. It should be understood that any architecture for the
access point 40 that enables the receipt, storage and retrieval of
medical device data on a device display of the one or more remote
monitoring devices 61, 62 and 63 is suitable for use in conjunction
with the present invention.
[0032] FIG. 2 presents a block diagram that further illustrates
exemplary components of the inventive architecture that are located
within or otherwise associated with the patient facility 20 of FIG.
1. In FIG. 2, a number of interface circuits 15 and relay modules
30, 30a are arranged in a single wireless relay network 16 within
the patient facility 20 for illustration purposes only. It should
be understood that other interface circuits 15 and relay modules
30, 30a may communicate over other wireless relay networks similar
to network 16 in the patient facility 20. In FIG. 2, the interface
circuits 15 and relay modules 30, 30a are configured to communicate
with one another via associated wireless links. In a preferred
embodiment of the present invention represented in FIG.2, the
network 16 is a ZIGBEE mesh network based on IEEE 802.15.4.
However, the wireless relay network 16 or additional wireless relay
networks in the patient facility may be organized according to a
variety of other wireless local area network (WLAN) or WPAN formats
including, for example, WiFi WLANs based on IEEE 802.11 and
BLUETOOTH WPANs based on IEEE 802.15.1.
[0033] In the illustrated wireless relay network 16, each of the
interface circuits 15 includes a communications interface such as,
for example, a wired communications interface, to an associated
medical device 10. In addition, each of the relay modules 30, 30a
includes at least one transceiver configured to communicate with
other relay modules 30, 30a in the wireless relay network 16. Relay
modules 30a further include at least a second transceiver for
communicating over the WWAN with the access point 40.
[0034] The use of a ZIGBEE mesh network for network 16 provides the
advantages of being self-configurable when one or more interface
circuits 15 and/or relay modules 30, 30a are added to the network,
and self-healing when one or more interface circuits 15 and/or
relay modules 30, 30a are removed from or otherwise disabled in the
network. Sub-groupings of the interface circuits 15 and relay
modules 30, 30a may be provided in a defined geographic space (for
example, on an individual floor or within a region of a floor in a
multi-floor home or care facility).
[0035] FIG. 3(a) provides a block diagram illustrating exemplary
components of relay module 30a. The relay module 30a of FIG. 3(a)
includes a first transceiver 31 for wirelessly communicating with
interface circuits 15 and other relay modules 30, 30a in the WLAN
or WPAN network 16 of FIG. 2 via an antenna 31a. The relay module
30a further includes a second transceiver 32 for wirelessly
communicating with the access point 40 over the WWAN via an antenna
32a. Each of the transceivers 31, 32 is in communication with a
data processing circuit 33, which is configured to operate under
the control of a controller, e.g., processor, 34 to accept data
received by the transceivers 31, 32 and store the received data in
a memory such as buffer element 35. In addition, the data
processing circuit 33 is further configured to retrieve data from
the buffer element 35 under the direction of the processor 34 and
provide the retrieved data to a selected one of the transceiver 31
or transceiver 32 for transmission. In order to make a selection,
the processor 34 is configured to communicate with respective
status modules 31b, 32b of the transceivers 31, 32 in order to
determine a communications status of each of the transceivers 31,
32.
[0036] The processor 34 is also preferably in communication with an
input/output circuit 36, which provides signals to one or more
display elements of the relay module 30a, for example, for
indicating a start-up or current status of the relay module 30a,
including communication or connection status with the WLAN or WPAN
network 16 and WWAN. Input/output circuit 36 may also be configured
to provide signals to indicate an A/C power loss, and or to be
responsive to signals provided by one or more input devices
provided in proximity to the one or more display elements.
[0037] Relay module 30a may preferably be provided as a small
physical enclosure with an integral power plug and power supply
circuit, such that the relay module 30a may be directly plugged
into and supported by a conventional wall outlet providing
commercial A/C power. Relay module 30a may also preferably include
a battery back-up circuit (not shown) to provide uninterrupted
power in the event of A/C power outage of short duration. Battery
back-up may also be advantageous, for example, for using the relay
module 30a in an ambulatory mode that enables the patient to move
within and potentially at a distance from the facility 20, for
example, with a medical device 10 that is a portable feeding
device. In this configuration, for example, the medical device 10,
the interface circuit 15 and relay module 30 may be conveniently
carried in a patient-wearable backpack.
[0038] FIGS. 3(b)-3(d) respectively illustrate top, front and side
views of an exemplary configuration 37 for the relay module 30a.
Configuration 37 includes a housing 37a, which is shown in FIGS.
3(b)-3(d) configured essentially as a rectangular box or prism. It
should however be noted that the housing may alternatively be
configured in any of a variety of three-dimensional shapes having a
sufficient interior volume for housing the associated circuits,
having a sufficient area 37c on a front panel 37b of the housing
37a for locating a control panel 38 (as further illustrated in FIG.
3(e)), and having a sufficient area on a rear panel 37d for
providing a receptacle support 37e and power plug 37f for
supportably plugging the module configuration 37 into a
conventional power outlet. The power plug 37f may also be provided
in a modular and replaceable removable configuration enabling power
plugs 37f to be configured according to a variety of international
standards to be easily provided to the configuration 37.
[0039] FIG. 3(e) illustrates an exemplary control panel 38 of
module configuration 37. The exemplary control panel 38 preferably
includes, for example, a power switch 38a for powering and/or
de-powering the module configuration 37 after it has been plugged
into the conventional wall outlet or equipped with a charged
battery back-up subsystem. In addition, the control panel 38
preferably includes an alarm switch 38b which allows a user to mute
and/or de-mute an audible alarm (for example, a conventional
buzzer, not shown) which is coupled to an alarm circuit (not shown)
that is configured to issue an alarm when A/C power to the module
configuration 37 has been interrupted. The control panel 38 also
includes an A/C power indicator 38c which may preferably be
provided as one or more light-emitting diode (LED) indicator
segments which are activated when A/C power has been provided to
the module configuration 37. Optionally, the indicator 38c may be
intermittently activated when A/C power is lost (for example, by
means of back-up battery power) to signal the loss of A/C
power.
[0040] The exemplary control panel 38 of FIG. 3(e) also includes a
battery indicator 38d to indicate a status of the battery back-up
circuit. For example, and as illustrated in FIG. 3(e), the battery
indicator 38d may preferably include indicator segments 38h which
may be selectively activated to indicate a capacity of the back-up
battery. Indicator segments 38h may also be preferably provided as
LED segments. Each of the segments 38h may, for example, be
activated to indicate that the back-up battery is fully charged,
and ones of the segments 38h may be progressively deactivated (for
example, proceeding downwardly from an uppermost one of the
segments 38h) as battery power is drawn down. In the event that
remaining battery power is insufficient to operate the module
configuration 37, each of the segments 38 may be deactivated.
Alternatively, the indicator segments 38h may be provided as
multicolor LED segments (for example, red and green), and ones of
the segments 38h be illuminated as green and progressively
deactivated until reaching a first low power threshold, and then
illuminated as red and progressively activated as power is further
diminished so that all LED segments are illuminated when battery
power is no longer sufficient to power the module configuration
37.
[0041] As further illustrated in FIG. 3(e), the control panel 38
may further include an indicator 38e to indicate a status of the
WLAN or WPAN network 16. Similarly to the A/C power indicator 38e,
the WLAN/WPAN network status indicator 38e may be activated when
the WLAN/WPAN network status is active or accessible, and either
de-activated or intermittently activated when the WLAN/WPAN network
status is inactive or inaccessible. Finally, a WWAN indicator 38j
may be provided to indicate a status of access to the WWAN network.
As depicted in FIG. 3(e), the indicator 38j includes indicator
elements 38f, 38g for indicating the WWAN network status. In this
configuration, for example, the indicator element 38f may be
configured with a green LED indicator element that is activated
when the WWAN network status is active or accessible, and the
indicator 38g may be configured with a red LED indicator element
that is activated when the WWAN network is inactive or inaccessible
(for example, when a signal strength of the WWAN network available
to the module configuration 37 is insufficient to support
communications. Optionally, the indicator element 38f may be
intermittently activated when the signal strength of the WWAN
network available to the module configuration 37 is marginally
sufficient to support communications. Indicators of the module
configuration 37 such as indicators 38a-38j may be electrically
connected to the input-output circuit 36 depicted in FIG. 3(a).
[0042] In addition, the control panel 38 may optionally include
microphone and speaker elements (not shown) that enable the module
configuration 37 to be operated in a voice communication mode to
allow for voice communication, for example, between an operator and
a help desk technician in event of a trouble condition reported by
one of the medical devices 10. Alternatively or in addition, the
control panel 38 may include one or more of a camera element (not
shown) and/or a display element (not shown) to be operated in a
visual communication mode. For example, the camera element may be
used to transfer images from displays of one or more medical
devices 10 to one of the remote monitoring devices 61, 62 and 63 of
FIG. 1.
[0043] FIG. 4 presents a flow diagram 400 illustrating an exemplary
method of operation for the architecture according to FIG. 1 and
relay module 30, 30a components of FIGS. 2 and 3(a), relating to
the transmission of medical device data obtained from a medical
device 10 to the access point 40. First, at step 402 of the method
400, the medical device data is received at a first one of the
relay modules 30a from one of the interface circuits 15 and/or
other relay modules 30, 30a over the wireless relay network 16. At
step 404, the processor 34 of the one relay module 30a determines
whether the WWAN is accessible by that relay module 30a.
[0044] The determination of step 404 may be carried out in a
variety of manners. For example, the processor 34 may interrogate
the status module 32b of the transceiver 32 at the time of the
receipt of the medical device data to determine a status parameter
indicative of access for the transceiver 32 to the WWAN (for
example, as the result of the transceiver 32 detecting an access
signal of the WWAN having adequate signal strength). Alternatively,
the processor 34 may interrogate the status module 32b at a
different time including, for example, at system start-up and/or
periodically (for example, hourly), and maintain a status indicator
such as in the buffer 35 or another storage element to be retrieved
at the time of receipt of the medical data. As yet another
alternative, the relay module 30, 30a may be assigned a
predetermined, fixed role within the network 16. For example, relay
modules 30a in the network 16 may be assigned a data routing
assignments by a controller or "master" relay module. By
definition, the WWAN status for relay module 30 that does not
possess WWAN access capability shall have a fixed status of "WWAN
inaccessible."
[0045] If, as provided for in step 404, the status module 32b
indicates that the WWAN is accessible by the transceiver 32, the
processor 34 will proceed to step 406 to instruct the data
processing circuit 33 of the one relay module 30 to retrieve the
medical device data from the buffer 35 (as necessary) and forward
the medical device data to the transceiver 32 for transmission to
the access point 40 over the WWAN.
[0046] Alternatively, in step 404, the status module 32b may
indicate that the WWAN is not accessible by the transceiver 32. For
example, if the one relay module 30a is located on a basement floor
of the building in an area that is substantially shielded with
respect to WWAN signals, the WWAN may not be accessible to the one
relay module 30a. In this event, at step 408, the processor 34
determines whether a second relay module 30a is accessible via the
WLAN or WPAN. Again, this determination may be made in a variety of
manners including by instructing the transceiver 31 to send a
handshake signal transmission directed to a second relay module 30a
and to listen for a reply, or by retrieving a stored status
indicator for the second relay module 30a.
[0047] If the second relay module 30a is accessible, then the
processor 34 instructs the data processing circuit 33 of the one
relay module 30a to retrieve the medical device data from the
buffer 35 (as necessary) and forward the medical device data to the
transceiver 31 for transmission to the second relay module 30a over
the WLAN or WPAN at step 410. Alternatively, if the second relay
module 30a is inaccessible in step 408, this portion of the process
400 may preferably be repeated to search for a further relay module
30a that is accessible. Alternatively, or in the event that no
other relay module 30a is available, the processor 34 of the one
relay module 30a may preferably issue an alarm notification at step
412. Such an alarm notification may, for example, include one or
more of local visual and audio alarms as directed by processor 34
via the input/output circuit 36 of the one relay module 30a, alarm
messages directed by the processor 34 to another accessible WPAN,
WLAN or WWAN via one or more of the transceivers 31, 32, and/or
alarm messages generated by the the inbound web server 41 of the
access point 40 of FIG. 1 after a specified time period has been
exceeded during which a handshake signal of the relay module 30a is
due to be received at the inbound web server 41.
[0048] FIG. 5 presents a flow diagram 500 illustrating another
exemplary method of operation 500 for the architecture according to
FIG. 1, relating to the transmission of a message from the access
point 40 to be received by one of the medical devices 10. This
enables the access point 40, for example, to communicate with
medical devices in order to download new firmware or software, to
respond to error messages initiated by the medical devices (for
example, to re-set a device or remove it from service, or to run
device diagnostics), and to operate the medical device (for
example, to adjust a flow rate on a feeding pump).
[0049] At step 502 of the method 500, the message is received at
the first one of the relay modules 30a from the access point 40 via
a WWAN. At step 504, the one relay module 30 determines whether the
message is intended to reach one of the interface circuits 15
and/or other relay modules 30, 30a located in the facility 20. This
may be accomplished, for example, by maintaining a list of active
devices 15 and modules 30, 30a in the buffer 35 or in a manner
otherwise accessible to the one relay module 30a, or coding an
identifier of the device 15 or module 30, 30a to include an
identity of the facility 20 that is stored in the buffer 35 or is
otherwise identifiable to the one relay module 30.
[0050] If the one relay module 30a determines at step 506 that the
device 15 or module 30, 30a is not located in the facility, the one
relay module 30 may preferably proceed to discard the message at
step 508, and/or alternatively alert the access point 40 with a
non-delivery message. If the interface device 15 is located in the
facility 20, the one relay module 30a determines at step 510
whether the device 15 or relay module 30, 30a accessible to the one
relay device 30a via the WLAN or WPAN (for example, by consulting a
list stored in the buffer 35 or that is otherwise accessible to the
one relay module 30a, or by instructing the transceiver 31 to send
a handshake transmission directed to the interface device 15a, 15b
and to listen for a reply).
[0051] If the one relay module 30a determines at step 512 that the
device 15 or relay module 30, 30a is accessible, then at step 514,
it transmits the message via network 16 to that device 15 or relay
module 30, 30a via the transceiver 31. In this case, the message
may again be broadcasted to all devices 15 and modules 30, 30a in
communication with the one relay module 30a, and each device 15 or
module 30, 30a may decide to act on or ignore the message (for
example, by matching to an associated device ID or other identifier
in the message). If the one relay module 30a alternatively
determines at step 512 that the device or relay module is not
accessible, then it proceeds at step 516 to determine whether a
second relay module 30, 30a is accessible via the WLAN or WPAN (for
example, by instructing the transceiver 31 to send a handshake
transmission directed to the second relay module and to listen for
a reply). If the second relay module 30, 30a is available, then the
one relay module 30 forwards the message to the transceiver 31 for
transmission to the second relay module 30, 30a over the WLAN or
WPAN. If the second relay module 30, 30a is inaccessible, then this
portion of the process 500 may preferably be repeated to search for
a third relay module 30, 30a that is accessible. Alternatively, or
in the event that no other relay module 30, 30a is available, the
one relay module 30 may preferably issue an alarm notification at
step 522, preferably in one of the same manners described above in
reference to the method 400 of FIG. 4.
[0052] As illustrated for example in FIG. 2, each rely module 30,
30a is capable of communicating with a number of medical devices 10
over a period of time. It is possible that communications with some
of the medical devices 10 are more time-critical with regard to
patient safety than other. For example, consider communications
with medical devices 10 including each of a thermometer, a feeding
pump and a ventilator. In this case, communications with the
ventilator would likely be most time-critical among the three
medical devices, while communications with the thermometer might be
least critical among the three medical devices.
[0053] In accordance with IEEE 802.14.15, if the network 16 is a
ZIGBEE mesh network then there is little risk that communications
from more than one medical device will contend for simultaneous
access to the network 16. The network 16 operates with a protocol
in which a transmitting device checks for energy on a wireless bus
component of the network 16. If the bus is in use, the transmitting
device waits a preselected amount of time before checking again,
and only proceeds to transfer data when the energy level suggests
that no other transmission is actively underway on the wireless
bus. Nevertheless, for circumstances in which data packets
transmitted by the medical devices 10 arrive at a relay module 30,
30a at nearly at the same time, there may be a need to manage an
order of delivery by the relay module 30.
[0054] For example, consider a data packet from a ventilator
indicating disconnection from a comatose patient, with possible
fatality. In this case, the ventilator should be assigned priority
for transmitting to one or more of remote monitoring devices 61, 62
and 63, while data transmissions from thermometer and pump are
discontinued until a response to the data packet transmitted by the
ventilator is received from one of the remote monitoring devices
61, 62 and 63. For example, the ventilator might be assigned a
priority of 1, while the feeding pump is assigned a priority of 2
and the thermometer is assigned a priority of 3. The assigned
priority is preferably indicated in each data packet transmitted by
and to the medical devices, for example, as a "priority
nibble."
[0055] With reference to FIG. 3(a), the processor 34 may be
configured to read the priority nibble from each received data
packet, and to instruct the data processing circuit 33 to place the
data packet at a logical position in the buffer element 35 based
upon the priority designation. For example, critical data packets
for the ventilator would be positioned for first retrieval and
transmission by the relay module 30, 30a, and other data packets
are positioned in order according to their priority.
[0056] In addition, under circumstances where urgent commands may
need to be transmitted by one of the remote monitoring devices 61,
62 and 63 anticipated based on an urgent data packet from the
ventilator, the wireless relay module 30, 30a may in addition
discontinue reception of any new medical device information from
other medical devices until the urgent commands are relayed and an
associated alarm condition has been terminated or released.
[0057] The novel wireless relay module disclosed herein for
providing networked communications between a series of medical
devices and a remote monitoring device provides a number of
distinct advantages in comparison to other monitoring systems. By
employing wireless relay networks such as ZIGBEE networks based on
the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, for wireless communications between the
medical devices 10 and relay modules 30, 30a in accordance with one
embodiment of the invention, power and size requirements can be
minimized so that the interface circuits 15 can be easily and
inexpensively applied to and/or integrated with the medical devices
10.
[0058] By introducing relay modules 30a that are part of the
wireless relay networks and are directly able to access off-site
monitoring devices via a WWAN, access to and reliance on existing
and potentially unreliable LAN facilities at a facility can be
avoided. By incorporating relay features into the relay modules 30a
that relay communications from a first relay module 30a to a second
relay module 30a in the event that WWAN access to the first relay
module 30a has been compromised, the present invention improves
reliability and enables the use of conventional, low-cost cellular
transceivers in the relay modules 30a for accessing the WWAN.
[0059] FIG. 6 depicts a block diagram illustrating exemplary
components of an alternative configuration for the relay module 30a
to the configuration of relay module 30a depicted in FIG. 3(a).
Identical reference numbers in FIGS. 3(a) and (6) refer to
identical components, for example, transceivers 31 and 32, data
processing circuit 33 and processor 34. In FIG. 6, as in FIG. 3(a),
the relay module 30a includes transceiver 31 for wirelessly
communicating with interface circuits 15 (shown in FIGS. 1 and 2)
and other relay modules 30, 30a in a particular WLAN or WPAN
network 16 (shown in FIG. 2) via antenna 31a. Also, in FIG. 6, as
in FIG. 3(a), the relay module 30a further includes a transceiver
32 for wirelessly communicating with the access point 40 over a
particular WWAN (shown in FIG. 2) via an antenna 32a.
[0060] Added components to the relay module 30a in FIG. 6 not
present in FIG. 3(a) include an additional transceiver 37, similar
to transceiver 31, for wirelessly communicating via antenna 37a
with interface circuits and other relay modules capable of
communicating over a different WLAN or WPAN network than the
network used by transceiver 31. Correspondingly, the relay module
30a in FIG. 6 includes yet a further transceiver 38, similar to
transceiver 32, for wirelessly communicating via antenna 38a with
an access point over a different WWAN than the WWAN used by
transceiver 32.
[0061] Each of the transceivers 31, 32, 37 and 38 is in
communication with data processing circuit 33, which is configured
to operate under the control of processor 34 to accept data
received by the transceivers 31, 32, 37 and 38 and store the
received data in buffer element 35. In addition, the data
processing circuit 33 is further configured to retrieve data from
buffer element 35 under the direction of processor 34 and provide
the retrieved data to a selected one of the transceivers 31, 32, 37
or 38 for transmission. In order to make a selection, the processor
34 is configured to communicate with respective status modules 31b,
32b, 37b and 38b of respective transceivers 31, 32, 37 or 38 in
order to determine a communications status of the transceivers 31,
32, 37 or 38. It should be understood that the data processing
circuit 3 and processor 34 may be implemented as separate
integrated circuits or chip sets or their functions may be combined
and implemented on single integrated circuits or chip set
[0062] The processor 34 is also preferably in communication with an
input/output circuit 36, which provides signals to one or more
display elements of the relay module 30a, for example, for
indicating a start-up or current status of the relay module 30a,
including communication or connection status with the WLAN or WPAN
networks and WWANs networks. Input/output circuit 36 may also be
configured to provide signals to indicate an A/C power loss, and or
to be responsive to signals provided by one or more input devices
provided in proximity to the one or more display elements.
[0063] A control panel useable for the module 30a of FIG. 6 may be
substantially similar to the control panel 38 depicted in FIG. 3(e)
with corresponding multiple indicators 38e for indicating the
status of the different WLAN or WPAN networks, and/or multiple
indicators 38j for indicating the status of the different
WWANs.
[0064] The relay module 30a configuration of FIG. 6 may be operated
in a substantially similar mariner to the relay module 30a
configuration of FIG. 3a employing, for example, corresponding
methods of operation to those depicted in FIGS. 4 and 5
incorporating the use of a plurality of WWANs or WLAN or WPAN
networks. However, in performing methods of operation for the relay
module 30a of FIG. 6, the depicted steps in FIGS. 4 and 5 may be
employed with the further transceiver selections of the additional
transceivers 37 and 38. For example, FIG, 7 depicts a method of
operation 600 for the relay module 30a configuration of FIG. 6 that
is analogous to the method 400 of FIG. 4 for the relay module 30a
configuration of FIG. 3(a). Methods 400 and 600 include
substantially identical steps except method 600 substitutes steps
604 and 606 for steps 404 and 406 of method 400. These substituted
steps 604 and 606 are similar to the corresponding steps 404 and
406 expanded to utilize the additional transceivers 37 and 38 of
FIG. 6.
[0065] Referring to FIG. 7, after medical device data is received
over a WLAN or PLAN network by transceivers 31 or 37 of FIG. 6 in
step 402, the relay module 30a determines if any WWAN is accessible
by transceivers 32 or 38. If no WWAN is accessible the method 600
then continues to step 408 and performs substantially the same
operations as described with respect to steps 408, 410 and 412 in
FIG. 4. Otherwise, if a WWAN is determined accessible in step 604
of FIG. 7, the method 600 proceeds to step 606. In step 606, the
method 600 transmits the medical data over the available WWAN via
transceiver 32 or 38 to the appropriate access point.
[0066] Moreover, to the extent to that in step 604 of FIG. 7 there
are more than one WWAN accessible then in step 606 the controller
33 in FIG, 6 must determine which one of the accessible WWANs the
medical data should be transmitted over by either of transceivers
32 or 38. Such determination can be made by many different criteria
or rules including, for example, based upon signal strength, cost,
time of day, day of week or preferences of a network manager or
other user.
[0067] It is possible to limit the configuration of cellular
transceivers to just the relay modules 30a in a facility, instead
of modules 30 and 30a. In addition, by providing the relay modules
30a in a compact enclosure, the relay modules 30a are easily
connected to reliable commercial power sources and easily moved
when needed to reconfigure the wireless relay networks according to
facilities changes. The portability for ambulatory use that is
provided by battery back-up is an additional advantage.
[0068] It should of course, be understood that while the present
invention has been described with respect to disclosed embodiments,
numerous variations are possible without departing from the spirit
and scope of the present invention as defined in the claims. For
example, the present invention may be based on any of a number of
current and future WPAN, WLAN and WWAN standards beyond those
explicitly described herein. It should also be understood that it
is possible to use exclusively relay modules 30a in the WLAN or
WPAN network 16 of FIGS. 1 and 2, with transceivers for
communicating with other relay modules as well as over the
WWAN.
[0069] In addition, respective interface circuits useable with the
present invention may include components of and perform the
functions of module 30 to provide greater flexibility in accordance
with the present invention. Further, numerous configurations of
components for relay module 30a are useable with the present
invention beyond the components shown in FIG. 3. For instance, an
input-output buffer may be used with respective switches under
control of a processor for directing medical device data to
transceivers 31, 32, 37 or 38 as needed. Moreover, it is intended
that the scope of the present invention include all other
foreseeable equivalents to the elements and structures as described
herein and with reference to the drawing figures. Accordingly, the
invention is to be limited only by the scope of the claims and
their equivalents.
* * * * *