U.S. patent application number 14/456545 was filed with the patent office on 2014-11-27 for mask and vent assembly therefor.
The applicant listed for this patent is ResMed Limited. Invention is credited to Philip Rodney KWOK, Perry David LITHGOW.
Application Number | 20140345618 14/456545 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46279540 |
Filed Date | 2014-11-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140345618 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
KWOK; Philip Rodney ; et
al. |
November 27, 2014 |
MASK AND VENT ASSEMBLY THEREFOR
Abstract
A mask for use with a system for supplying breathable gas
pressurised above atmospheric pressure to human or animal's airways
includes a mask shell which is, in use, in fluid communication with
a gas supply conduit and a gas washout vent assembly. The gas
washout vent assembly includes at least one gas washout orifice
extending from a first side of the vent assembly positioned, in
use, adjacent to human or animal's face and a second side
positioned, in use, adjacent the atmosphere. The cross-sectional
area of the orifice at the first side is larger than the
cross-sectional area of the orifice at the second side.
Inventors: |
KWOK; Philip Rodney;
(Sydney, AU) ; LITHGOW; Perry David; (Sydney,
AU) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
ResMed Limited |
Bella Vista |
|
AU |
|
|
Family ID: |
46279540 |
Appl. No.: |
14/456545 |
Filed: |
August 11, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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|
12944583 |
Nov 11, 2010 |
8833371 |
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14456545 |
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10298845 |
Nov 19, 2002 |
7845354 |
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12944583 |
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|
09452558 |
Dec 1, 1999 |
6561191 |
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10298845 |
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09021541 |
Feb 10, 1998 |
6561190 |
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09452558 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
128/205.25 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A62B 18/10 20130101;
A61M 16/0683 20130101; A61M 16/0057 20130101; A61M 16/0875
20130101; Y10T 29/49872 20150115; A61D 7/00 20130101; A62B 18/02
20130101; A61M 16/06 20130101; A61M 2205/42 20130101; B23P 11/02
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
128/205.25 |
International
Class: |
A61M 16/06 20060101
A61M016/06; A61D 7/00 20060101 A61D007/00; A61M 16/08 20060101
A61M016/08; A61M 16/00 20060101 A61M016/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 10, 1997 |
AU |
PO5045 |
Claims
1. A mask for use with a system for supplying breathable gas
pressurised above atmospheric pressure to a human or animal's
airways, the mask includes a mask shell which is, in use, in fluid
communication with a gas supply conduit; and a gas washout vent
assembly, the gas washout vent assembly includes at least one gas
washout orifice extending from a first side of the vent assembly
positioned, in use, adjacent the human or animal's face and a
second side positioned, in use, adjacent the atmosphere and the
cross-sectional area of the orifice at the first side is larger
than the cross-sectional area of the orifice at the second
side.
2. A mask as claimed in claim 1, wherein the orifice includes a
first substantially cylindrical portion adjacent the first side, a
second cylindrical portion adjacent the second side and a tapering
portion between the first and second substantially cylindrical
portions.
3. A mask as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second substantially
cylindrical portion and the tapering portion are of approximately
equal thickness in the axial direction of the orifice and are
thicker than the first substantially cylindrical portion.
4. A mask as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vent assembly includes
a plurality of said orifices therethrough.
5. A mask as claimed in claim 4, wherein each of said orifices is
separated from the other(s) of said orifices by at least the
diameter of the orifice at the second side.
6. A mask as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mask shell and/or
conduit is formed from a relatively rigid material and the vent
assembly is an insert of relatively flexible elastomeric material
and is attachable to the mask shell or conduit.
7. A mask as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mask shell and/or
conduit is formed from polycarbonate and the insert is formed from
Silastic.TM. or Santoprene.TM..
8. A mask as claimed in claim 6, wherein the insert includes a
groove around its periphery, the groove adapted to locate the
insert against a correspondingly sized rim of an opening formed in
the mask shell or conduit.
9. A mask as claimed in claim 6, wherein the insert is
substantially crescent shaped.
10. A vent assembly for the washout of gas from a mask or conduit
used with a system for supplying breathable gas pressurized above
atmospheric pressure to a human or animal, the vent assembly
includes at least one gas washout orifice extending from a first
side of the vent assembly placed, in use, adjacent the human or
animal's face to a second side placed, in use, adjacent the
atmosphere, the cross-sectional area of the orifice at the first
side is larger than the cross-sectional area of the orifice at the
second side.
11. A vent assembly as claimed in claim 10, wherein the orifice
includes a first substantially cylindrical portion adjacent the
first side, a second cylindrical portion adjacent the second side
and a tapering portion between the first and second substantially
cylindrical portions.
12. A vent assembly as claimed in claim 11, wherein the second
substantially cylindrical portion and the tapering portion are of
approximately equal thickness in the axial direction of the orifice
and are thicker than the first substantially cylindrical
portion.
13. A vent assembly as claimed in claim 10, wherein the vent
assembly includes a plurality of said orifices therethrough.
14. A vent assembly as claimed in claim 13, wherein each of said
orifices is separated from the other(s) of said orifices by at
least the diameter of the orifice at the second side.
15. A vent assembly as claimed in claims 10, wherein the mask shell
and/or conduit is formed from a relatively rigid material and the
vent assembly is an insert of relatively flexible elastomeric
material and is attachable to the mask shell or conduit.
16. A vent assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein the mask shell
and/or conduit is formed from polycarbonate and the insert is
formed from Silastic.TM.or Santoprene.TM..
17. A vent assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein the insert
includes a groove around its periphery, the groove adapted to
locate the insert against a correspondingly sized rim of an opening
formed in the mask shell or conduit.
18. A vent assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein the insert is
substantially crescent shaped.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a mask and a vent assembly
therefor.
[0002] The mask and vent assembly according to the invention have
been developed primarily for the venting of washout gas in the
application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment
in conjunction with a system for supplying breathable gas
pressurised above atmospheric pressure to a human or animal. Such a
system is used, for example, in the treatment of obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA) and similar sleep disordered breathing conditions.
However, the invention is also suitable for other purposes
including, for example, the application of assisted ventilation or
respiration.
[0003] The term "mask" is herein intended to include face masks,
nose masks, mouth masks, nasal pillows, appendages in the vicinity
of any of these devices and the like.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Treatment of OSA by CPAP flow generator systems involves the
continuous delivery of air (or other breathable gas) pressurised
above atmospheric pressure to a patient's airways via a conduit and
a mask.
[0005] For either the treatment of OSA or the application of
assisted ventilation, the pressure of the gas delivered to a
patient can be at a constant level, bi-level (ie. in synchronism
with patient inspiration and expiration) or automatically adjusting
in level to match therapeutic need. Throughout this specification
the reference to CPAP is intended to incorporate a reference to any
one of, or combinations of, these forms of pressure delivery.
[0006] The masks used in CPAP treatment generally include a vent
for washout of the gas to atmosphere. The vent is normally located
in the mask or in the gas delivery conduit adjacent the mask. The
washout of gas through the vent is essential for removal of exhaled
gases from the breathing circuit to prevent carbon dioxide
"re-breathing" or build-up, both of which represent a health risk
to the mask wearer. Adequate gas washout is achieved by selecting a
vent size and configuration that will allow a minimum safe gas flow
at the lowest operating CPAP pressure, which, typically can be as
low as around 4 cm H.sub.2O for adults and 2 cm H.sub.2O in
paediatric applications.
[0007] Prior art masks are generally comprised of a rigid plastic
shell which covers the wearer's nose and/or mouth. A flexible or
resilient rim (or cushion) is attached to the periphery of the
shell which abuts and seals against the wearer's face to provide a
gas-tight seal around the nose and/or mouth.
[0008] A prior art washout vent utilized one or more holes or slits
in the rigid shell or in a rigid portion of the delivery conduit to
allow the washout gas to vent to atmosphere. In some masks, the
holes or slits were formed during the moulding process. In others,
they were drilled or cut as a separate step after the shell or
conduit had been moulded.
[0009] The flow of gas out the holes or slits in the shell or
conduit to atmosphere creates noise and turbulence at the hole or
slit outlet as the delivered gas, and upon expiration, the
patient-expired gas (including CO.sub.2) exits. Bi-level and
autosetting as delivery regimes tend to generate more noise than a
constant level gas delivery regime. This is thought to be due to
the extra turbulence created by the gas accelerating and
decelerating as it cycles between relatively low and relatively
high pressures. The noise adversely affects patient and bed-partner
comfort.
[0010] Another prior art vent included hollow rivets or plugs
manufactured from stainless steel or other rigid materials attached
to openings in the rigid shell. The outer edges of the rivets were
rounded to help reduce noise. However, this approach was expensive,
required an extra production step and did not prove effective in
reducing noise.
[0011] Another approach to reduce noise involved the use of
sintered filters at the gas outlet of the mask shell. However, the
filters were prone to blocking, especially in the presence of
moisture. Accordingly, sintered filters were impractical for use in
CPAP treatment as they were easily blocked by the moisture from the
patient's respiratory system or humidifiers or during the necessary
regular cleaning of the mask and associated componentry.
[0012] Foam filters wrapped around the air outlets in the shell
were also attempted. However, they also suffered from the
disadvantages of being prone to blocking, difficult to clean and
requiring constant replacement.
[0013] Remote outlet tubes have been used to distance the noise
source from the patient. However, these tubes are difficult to
clean, are prone to entanglement by the patient and/or their bed
partner and suffer the further disadvantage that a volume of
exhausted gas is retained in the tube adjacent the mask.
[0014] It is an object of the present invention to substantially
overcome or at least ameliorate the prior art disadvantages and, in
particular, to reduce the noise generated by gas washout through a
mask.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0015] Accordingly, the invention, in a first aspect, discloses a
mask for use with a system for supplying breathable gas pressurised
above atmospheric pressure to a human or animal's airways, the mask
includes a mask shell which is, in use, in fluid communication with
a gas supply conduit; and a gas washout vent assembly, the gas
washout vent assembly includes at least one gas washout orifice
extending from a first side of the vent assembly positioned, in
use, adjacent the human or animal's face and a second side
positioned, in use, adjacent the atmosphere and the cross-sectional
area of the orifice at the first side is larger than the
cross-sectional area of the orifice at the second side.
[0016] In a second aspect, the invention discloses a vent assembly
for the washout of gas from a mask or conduit used with a system
for supplying breathable gas pressurized above atmospheric pressure
to a human or animal, the vent assembly includes at least one gas
washout orifice extending from a first side of the vent assembly
placed, in use, adjacent the human or animal's face to a second
side placed, in use, adjacent the atmosphere, the cross-sectional
area of the orifice at the first side is larger than the
cross-sectional area of the orifice at the second side.
[0017] Preferably, the orifice includes a first substantially
cylindrical portion adjacent the first side, a second cylindrical
portion adjacent the second side and a tapering portion between the
first and second substantially cylindrical portions.
[0018] Preferably also, the second substantially cylindrical
portion and the tapering portion are of approximately equal
thickness in the axial direction of the orifice and are thicker
than the first substantially cylindrical portion.
[0019] Desirably, the vent assembly includes a plurality of said
orifices therethrough.
[0020] Desirably also, each of said orifices is separated from the
other(s) of said orifices by at least the diameter of the orifice
at the second side.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be
described, by way of examples only, with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
[0022] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment;
[0023] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second embodiment;
[0024] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a third embodiment;
[0025] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment;
[0026] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment;
[0027] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment;
[0028] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a seventh embodiment;
[0029] FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the first
embodiment along the line 8-8 of FIG. 1;
[0030] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an eighth embodiment;
[0031] FIG. 10 is a plan view of the insert of the third
embodiment;
[0032] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment
insert along the line 11-11 of FIG. 10; and
[0033] FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of the third
embodiment insert along the line 12-12 of FIG. 10.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0034] Referring firstly to FIG. 1, there is shown a mask 10 for
use with a system (not shown) for supplying breathable gas
pressurised above atmospheric pressure to a human or animal's
airways. The mask includes a rigid plastics shell 12 having an
inlet tube 14 for connection to a supply conduit to communicate
breathable gas from a flow generator (not shown) to the nasal
passages of the mask wearer. The mask shell 12 also includes a
flexible sealing membrane 16 which is used to provide a gas tight
seal between the face of the wearer and the interior of the shell
12. The shell 12 also includes lugs 18 for connecting the mask 10
to a head strap (not shown) to retain the mask in place.
[0035] The mask includes a Silastic.TM. insert 20 through which is
provided an orifice 22 for gas washout. As best shown in FIG. 8,
the insert 20 has a recess or groove 24 around its periphery. A
correspondingly sized opening 26 bounded by a rim 28 is provided in
the shell 12 to enable the insert 20 to be retained in place in the
fashion of a grommet. The opening 26 can be moulded in the shell 12
or drilled or punched as a post-moulding step. The flexibility of
the Silastic.TM. allows the insert 20 to be initially squeezed
through the opening 26 before resiliently expanding to the
configuration shown in FIG. 8 and engaging the rim 28.
[0036] FIGS. 2 to 7 show further embodiments in which corresponding
reference numerals are used to indicate like features. In all these
embodiments the insert 20 has an external groove or recess 24 which
engages the rim 28 of a corresponding shaped opening 26 in the mask
shell 12 to retain the insert 20 in place.
[0037] In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 and 7 the insert 20
includes more than one orifice 22. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
6, two inserts 20 are provided in the shell 12.
[0038] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the insert 20 is provided
in a gas supply conduit 30.
[0039] FIGS. 10 to 12 show the insert 20 of the third embodiment of
FIG. 3. The dimensions 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 and 45 are
approximately diameter 1.73 mm, diameter 3.30 mm, 28.80 mm, 19.00
mm, 1.20 mm, 1.20 mm and 3.60 mm respectively.
[0040] The side 44 of the insert 20 faces the patient's face in use
and the side 46 faces atmosphere.
[0041] The mask shell 12 is manufactured from polycarbonate. Other
rigid plastics materials can equally be used. The insert 20 can be
manufactured from an elastomer sold as Silastic.TM. (produced by
the Dow Corning Corporation) or a thermoplastic elastomer sold as
Santoprene.TM. (produced by Monsanto). Other flexible elastomeric
materials can be used also.
[0042] The mask 10 produces less noise than an identical mask
having a similar sized and shaped orifice(s) formed directly in the
mask shell 12 instead of formed in the flexible insert 20. It is
thought that the noise reduction occurs due to the flexible insert
20 damping vibrations caused by air passage through the orifice(s)
22 which produce vibrations or similar in the mask shell 12.
[0043] A prototype of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG.
3 has been tested over a range of constant and bi-level CPAP
treatment pressures. For comparison purposes, an identical mask to
that shown in FIG. 3 but formed entirely from polycarbonate and
having six identical arcuately spaced holes 22 drilled directly
through the mask shell was also tested. In both masks the six holes
had a diameter of 1.7 mm. The results of the test are summarised in
the Tables below:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Constant level gas delivery Pressure Noise
levels 1 m from mask (dBA) (cm H.sub.2O) With flexible insert
Without flexible insert 4 26.8 35.2 10 33.4 43.1 18 39.3 49.2
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Bi-level gas delivery Pressure Noise levels
1 m from mask (dBA) (cm H.sub.2O) With flexible insert Without
flexible insert 5-10 30.8-38.5 37.2-43.0 10-15 38.6-43.7
42.9-47.9
[0044] As the results show, the mask shown in FIG. 3 produced less
radiated noise than a similar mask not including the flexible
elastomeric insert 20 representing a significant advantage in terms
of the comfort of the mask wearer and their bed partner.
[0045] In addition to the noise reduction discussed above, the
masks 10 possesses other advantages over those of the prior art.
Firstly, the insert 20 is very easy to install into the mask shell
12 during either assembly of the mask which, is often supplied in
kit form, or before and after cleaning which is regularly required
and often carried out in the home environment. Secondly, the mask
shell 12 may be produced with a single size of opening 26 and
provided with a range of different inserts 20 which allows the
outlet size to be "tuned" to give an optimum gas washout rate for a
particular patient's treatment pressure level.
[0046] Although the invention has been described with reference to
specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the
art, that the invention may be embodied in many other forms.
* * * * *