U.S. patent application number 14/265801 was filed with the patent office on 2014-10-23 for method for treating gastrointestinal disorder.
This patent application is currently assigned to SUCAMPO AG. The applicant listed for this patent is SUCAMPO AG. Invention is credited to Ryuji UENO.
Application Number | 20140315994 14/265801 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 35229739 |
Filed Date | 2014-10-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140315994 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
UENO; Ryuji |
October 23, 2014 |
METHOD FOR TREATING GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDER
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for the long term
treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in a human subject, which
comprises administering an effective amount of a halogenated
prostaglandin compound and/or its tautomer to the subject. The
method induces substantially no electrolyte shifting during the
term of the treatment. The compound used in the present invention
can improve quality of life in the human subjects with
gastrointestinal disorders, are similarly effective in treating
male and female subjects, and also effective in a human subject
aged even 65 years and older.
Inventors: |
UENO; Ryuji; (Potomac,
MD) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SUCAMPO AG |
Zug |
|
CH |
|
|
Assignee: |
SUCAMPO AG
Zug
CH
|
Family ID: |
35229739 |
Appl. No.: |
14/265801 |
Filed: |
April 30, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11216012 |
Sep 1, 2005 |
8748481 |
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14265801 |
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60666593 |
Mar 31, 2005 |
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60666317 |
Mar 30, 2005 |
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60606521 |
Sep 2, 2004 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/456 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 1/08 20180101; A61P
43/00 20180101; C07D 311/94 20130101; A61K 31/557 20130101; A61K
31/558 20130101; A61P 1/00 20180101; A61P 1/14 20180101; A61P 1/10
20180101; A61P 1/04 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/456 |
International
Class: |
C07D 311/94 20060101
C07D311/94 |
Claims
1. A method for the long term treatment of gastrointestinal
disorders in a human subject, which comprises administering to the
subject in need thereof an effective amount of a prostaglandin
compound represented by Formula (I) and/or its tautomer:
##STR00010## wherein W.sub.1 and W.sub.2 are ##STR00011## R.sub.3
and R.sub.4 are hydrogen; or one of them is OH and the other is
hydrogen; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are hydrogen, lower alkyl or halogen,
provided that at least one of them is halogen; R.sub.2 is hydrogen
or alkyl; Y is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which
is unsubstituted or substituted by oxo, halogen, alkyl, hydroxy or
aryl; A is --CH.sub.2OH, --COCH.sub.2CH, --COOH or its functional
derivative; R.sub.1 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight chain-,
branched chain- or ring-forming lower hydrocarbon, which is
unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, oxo, hydroxy, lower alkyl,
lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy, lower cycloalkyl, lower
cycloalkyloxy, aryl, or aryloxy; lower cycloalkyl; lower
cycloalkyloxy; aryl; or aryloxy; the bond between C-13 and C-14
positions is double or single bond, and the steric configuration at
C-15 position is R, S or a mixture thereof.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said prostaglandin compound is a
monocyclic tautomer of formula (I).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of said prostaglandin
compound to be administered is in the range of about 6-96 .mu.g per
day.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of said prostaglandin
compound to be administered is in the range of about 6-72 .mu.g per
day.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of said prostaglandin
compound to be administered is in the range of about 6-60 .mu.g per
day.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of said prostaglandin
compound to be administered is in the range of about 8-48 .mu.g per
day.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the prostaglandin compound is
administered orally.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said prostaglandin compound is
administered with an oil solvent as an excipient.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said oil solvent is a medium
chain fatty acid.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein A is --COOH; Y is
(CH.sub.2).sub.6; W.sub.1 is .dbd.O; W.sub.2 is ##STR00012##
wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are both hydrogen atoms; R.sub.2 is
hydrogen atom, X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are fluorine atoms; and R.sub.1
is (CH.sub.2).sub.3CH.sub.3.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein said gastrointestinal disorder
is selected from the group consisting of constipation, irritable
bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said prostaglandin compound is
administered for at least two weeks.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein said prostaglandin compound is
administered for at least three weeks.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein said prostaglandin compound is
administered for at least four weeks.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein said prostaglandin is
administered for at least 2 months.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein said prostaglandin is
administered for at least 6 months.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein said prostaglandin is
administered for at least 1 year.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein said prostaglandin is
administered chronically.
19. A method for treating gastrointestinal disorders in a human
subject aged 65 years and older, which comprises administering to
the subject aged 65 years and older in need thereof an effective
amount of a prostaglandin compound represented by Formula (I)
and/or its tautomer: ##STR00013## wherein W.sub.1 and W.sub.2 are
##STR00014## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen; or one of them is OH
and the other is hydrogen; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are hydrogen, lower
alkyl or halogen, provided that at least one of them is halogen;
R.sub.2 is hydrogen or alkyl; Y is a saturated or unsaturated
C.sub.2-10 hydrocarbon chain, which is unsubstituted or substituted
by oxo, halogen, alkyl, hydroxy or aryl; A is --CH.sub.2OH,
--COCH.sub.2OH, --COOH or its functional derivative; R.sub.1 is a
saturated or unsaturated, straight chain-, branched chain- or
ring-forming lower hydrocarbon, which is unsubstituted or
substituted by halogen, oxo, hydroxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy,
lower alkanoyloxy, lower cycloalkyl, lower cycloalkyloxy, aryl, or
aryloxy; lower cycloalkyl; lower cycloalkyloxy; aryl; or aryloxy;
the bond between C-13 and C-14 positions is double or single bond,
and the steric configuration at C-15 position is R, S or a mixture
thereof.
20. A method for improving quality of life in a human subject with
gastrointestinal disorders, which comprises administering to the
subject an effective amount of a prostaglandin compound represented
by Formula (I) and/or its tautomer: ##STR00015## wherein W.sub.1
and W.sub.2 are ##STR00016## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen; or
one of them is OH and the other is hydrogen; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2
are hydrogen, lower alkyl or halogen, provided that at least one of
them is halogen; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or alkyl; Y is a saturated or
unsaturated C.sub.2-10 hydrocarbon chain, which is unsubstituted or
substituted by oxo, halogen, alkyl, hydroxy or aryl; A is
--CH.sub.2OH, --COCH.sub.2OH, --COOH or its functional derivative;
R.sub.1 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight chain-, branched
chain- or ring-forming lower hydrocarbon, which is unsubstituted or
substituted by halogen, oxo, hydroxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy,
lower alkanoyloxy, lower cycloalkyl, lower cycloalkyloxy, aryl, or
aryloxy; lower cycloalkyl; lower cycloalkyloxy; aryl; or aryloxy;
the bond between C-13 and C-14 positions is double or single bond,
and the steric configuration at C-15 position is R, S or a mixture
thereof.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of application Ser. No.
11/216,012 filed Sep. 1, 2005, which claims benefit from U.S.
Provisional Application No. 60/606,521 filed on Sep. 2, 2004, U.S.
Provisional Application No. 60/666,317 filed on Mar. 30, 2005, and
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/666,593 filed on Mar. 31, 2005
in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the disclosures
of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their
entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates to a method and composition
for the long-term treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in a
human subject.
[0003] The present invention also relates to a method and
composition for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in both
male and female human subject.
[0004] The present invention further relates to a method and
composition for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in a
human subject aged 65 years and older.
[0005] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method and
composition for the improvement of quality of life in a human
subject with gastrointestinal disorders.
BACKGROUND ART
[0006] Constipation is generally defined as infrequent and
difficult passage of stool. Medical reporting estimates that one of
every 50 people in the United States suffers from constipation.
That is, one of the most common disorders among Americans.
Constipation is more likely to affect females than males and more
likely to occur in older adults, showing an exponential increase
after the age of 65. The actual occurrence of constipation is
likely higher than reported, as many individuals suffer at home
without seeking professional care.
[0007] Although in some instances constipation may be caused by
obstruction, most constipation can be associated with factors such
as a diet low in soluble and insoluble fibers, inadequate exercise,
medication use (in particular, opiate analgesics, anticholinergic
antidepressants, antihistamines, and vinca alkaloids), bowel
disorders, neuromuscular disorders, metabolic disorders, poor
abdominal pressure or muscular atony.
[0008] A precise quantitative definition of constipation has been
difficult to establish due to the wide range of perceived "normal"
bowel habits, as well as the diverse array of symptoms and signs
associated with constipation. The FDA has recognized a need for
prescriptive treatment of occasional constipation.
[0009] Prostaglandins (hereinafter, referred to as PGs) are members
of class of organic carboxylic acids, which are contained in
tissues or organs of human or other mammals, and exhibit a wide
range of physiological activity. PGs found in nature (primary PGs)
generally have a prostanoic acid skeleton as shown in the formula
(A):
##STR00001##
[0010] PGs are classified into several types according to the
structure and substituents on the five-membered ring, for
example,
##STR00002##
and the like. Further, they are classified into PG.sub.1s
containing a 13,14-double bond; PG.sub.2s containing, 5,6- and
13,14-double bonds; and PG.sub.3s containing 5,6-, 13,14- and
17,18-double bonds. PGs are known to have various pharmacological
and physiological activities, for example, vasodilatation, inducing
of inflammation, platelet aggregation, stimulating uterine muscle,
stimulating intestinal muscle, anti-ulcer effect and the like. The
major prostaglandins produced in the human gastrointestinal (GI)
system are those of the E, I and F series (Sellin, Gastrointestinal
and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. (WB
Saunders Company, 1998); Robert, Physiology of the Gastrointestinal
Tract 1407-1434 (Raven, 1981); Rampton, Prostaglandins: Biology and
Chemistry of Prostaglandins and Related Eicosanoids 323-344
(Churchill Livingstone, 1988); Hawkey, et al., Gastroenterology,
89: 1162-1188 (1985); Eberhart, et al., Gastroenterology, 109:
285-301 (1995)).
[0011] Under normal physiological conditions, endogenously produced
prostaglandins play a major role in maintaining GI function,
including regulation of intestinal motility and transit, and
regulation of fecal consistency. (Sellin, Gastrointestinal and
Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. (WB
Saunders Company, 1998); Robert, Physiology of the Gastrointestinal
Tract 1407-1434 (Raven, 1981); Rampton, Prostaglandins: Biology and
Chemistry of Prostaglandins and Related Eicosanoids 323-344
(Churchill Livingstone, 1988); Hawkey, et al., Gastroenterology,
89: 1162-1188 (1985); Eberhart, et al., Gastroenterology, 109:
285-301 (1995); Robert, Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res,
2:507-520 (1976); Main, et al., Postgrad Med J, 64 Suppl 1: 3-6
(1988); Sanders, Am J Physiol, 247: G117 (1984); Pairet, et al., Am
J Physiol., 250 (3 pt 1): G302-G308 (1986); Gaginella, Textbook of
Secretory Diarrhea 15-30 (Raven Press, 1990)). When administered in
pharmacological doses, both PGE.sub.2 and PGF.sub.2.alpha. have
been shown to stimulate intestinal transit and to cause diarrhea
(Robert, Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract 1407-1434 (Raven,
1981); Rampton, Prostaglandins: Biology and Chemistry of
Prostaglandins and Related Eicosanoids 323-344 (Churchill
Livingstone, 1988); Robert, Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res,
2:507-520 (1976)). Furthermore, the most commonly reported side
effect of misoprostol, a PGE.sub.1 analogue developed for the
treatment of peptic ulcer disease, is diarrhea (Monk, et al., Drugs
33 (1): 1-30 (1997)).
[0012] PGE or PGF can stimulate the intestines and cause intestinal
contraction, but the enteropooling effect is poor. Accordingly, it
is impossible to use PGEs or PGFs as cathartics because of side
effects such as stomachache caused by the intestinal
contraction.
[0013] Multiple mechanisms, including modifying enteric nerve
responses, altering smooth muscle contraction, stimulating mucous
secretion, stimulating cellular ionic (in particular electrogenic
Cl.sup.- transport) and increasing intestinal fluid volume have
been reported to contribute to the GI effects of prostaglandins
(Robert, Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract 1407-1434 (Raven,
1981); Rampton, Prostaglandins: Biology and Chemistry of
Prostaglandins and Related Eicosanoids 323-344 (Churchill
Livingstone, 1988); Hawkey, et al., Gastroenterology, 89: 1162-1188
(1985); Eberhart, et al., Gastroenterology, 109: 285-301 (1995);
Robert, Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res, 2:507-520 (1976); Main,
et al., Postgrad Med J, 64 Suppl 1: 3-6 (1988); Sanders, Am J
Physiol, 247: G117 (1984); Pairet, et al., Am J Physiol, 250 (3 pt
1): G302-G308 (1986); Gaginella, Textbook of Secretory Diarrhea
15-30 (Raven Press, 1990); Federal Register Vol. 50, No. 10 (GPO,
1985); Pierce, et al., Gastroenterology 60 (1): 22-32 (1971);
Beubler, et al., Gastroenterology, 90: 1972 (1986); Clarke, et al.,
Am J Physiol 259: G62 (1990); Hunt, et al., J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 8
(2): 165-173 (1985); Dajani, et al., Eur Pharmacol, 34 (1): 105-113
(1975); Sellin, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease:
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management 1451-1471 (WB Saunders
Company, 1998)). Prostaglandins have additionally been shown to
have cytoprotective effects (Sellin, Gastrointestinal and Liver
Disease Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. (WB Saunders
Company, 1998); Robert, Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
1407-1434 (Raven, 1981); Robert, Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Res
2:507-520 (1976); Wallace, at al., Aiiment Pharmacol Ther 9:
227-235 (1995)).
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 5,317,032 to Ueno et al. describes
prostaglandin analog cathartics, including the existence of
bicyclic tautomers of the same and U.S. Pat. No. 6,414,016 to Ueno
describes bicyclic tautomers of a prostaglandin analog as having
pronounced activity as anti-constipation agents. The bicyclic
tautomers of a prostaglandin analog, which is substituted at the
C-16 position by one or more halogen atoms, especially fluorine
atoms, can be employed in small doses for relieving
constipation.
[0015] U.S. Patent publication No. 2003/0130352 to Ueno et al.
describes that prostaglandin compound opens and activates chloride
channels, especially ClC channels, more especially ClC-2
channel.
[0016] U.S. Patent publication No. 2003/0119898 to Ueno et al.
describes specific composition of a halogenated prostaglandin
analog for the treatment and prevention of constipation.
[0017] U.S. Patent publication No. 2004/0138308 to Ueno et al.
describes that a chloride channel opener, especially a
prostaglandin compound can be used for the treatment of abdominal
discomfort, and for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal
disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional
dyspepsia.
[0018] MiraLax.TM. (polyethylene Glycol 3350, NF Powder for
solution) is synthetic polyglycol having an average molecular
weight of 3350, and used for the treatment of occasional
constipation. This product is basically used for up to two weeks.
Prolonged, frequent or excessive use of MiraLax.TM. may result in
electrolyte imbalance and dependence on laxatives (MiraLax.TM.
Package insert). MiraLax.TM. acts as an osmotic agent, which
creates an imbalance in the lumen of the gut and draws fluid
osmotically into the lumen. The increased fluid level softens the
stool and promotes bowel movements.
[0019] Likewise, the aforesaid ClC-2 chloride channel activators
are believed to function by stimulating chloride secretion into the
lumen of the gut, which draws water through an osmotic mechanism
into the lumen that, in turn, promotes bowel movements. Given that
a specific prostaglandin compound is an ion channel activator and
is believed to work essentially in an osmotic manner, like
Miralax.TM., one would expect that long term use of said
prostaglandin compound would also have the disadvantages found in
MiraLax.TM.. Therefore, its use would be limited practically to a
couple of weeks, just like Miralax.TM..
[0020] Zelnorm.RTM. (tegaserod maleate) is indicated for the
short-term treatment of women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),
whose primary bowel symptom is constipation. In two randomized,
placebo-controlled, double-blind studies enrolling 288 males, there
were no significant differences between placebo and Zelnorm.RTM.
response rates. The safety and effectiveness of Zelnorm.RTM. in men
with IBS with constipation has not been established. In addition,
Subgroup analyses of patients aged 65 years and older showed no
significant treatment effect for Zelnorm.RTM. over placebo. That
is, the effectiveness of Zelnorm.RTM. in patients aged 65 years and
older with chronic idiopathic constipation has not been
established. Further, if the patients stop taking Zelnorm.RTM., the
symptoms may return within 1 or 2 weeks. (Zelnorm.RTM. Package
insert)
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0021] Despite the essentially osmotic mechanism of action,
however, the inventor has found surprisingly that there is no
electrolyte shifting on using certain halogenated prostaglandin
compounds in human patients during long term use.
[0022] The inventor has also found that halogenated prostaglandin
compounds are effective in a long-term treatment and that
substantially no rebound effect is seen after the discontinuation
of even the long-term treatment with said compound.
[0023] Furthermore, the inventor has found that halogenated
prostaglandin compounds improve the quality of life in the patients
with gastrointestinal disorders and are similarly effective in
treating male and female human patients, and even 65 years and
older patients.
[0024] Namely, the present invention provides a method for the long
term treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in a human subject,
which comprises administering an effective amount of a
prostaglandin compound represented by Formula (I) and/or its
tautomer:
##STR00003##
[0025] wherein W.sub.1, and W.sub.2 are
##STR00004##
[0026] R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen; or one of them is OH and
the other is hydrogen;
[0027] X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are hydrogen, lower alkyl or halogen,
provided that at least one of them is halogen;
[0028] R.sub.2 is hydrogen or alkyl;
[0029] Y is a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.2-10 hydrocarbon
chain, which is unsubstituted or substituted by oxo, halogen,
alkyl, hydroxy or aryl;
[0030] A is --CH.sub.2OH, --COCH.sub.2OH, --COOH or its functional
derivative;
[0031] R.sub.1 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight chain-,
branched chain- or ring-forming lower hydrocarbon, which is
unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, oxo, hydroxy, lower alkyl,
lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy, lower cycloalkyl, lower
cycloalkyloxy, aryl, or aryloxy; lower cycloalkyl; lower
cycloalkyloxy; aryl; or aryloxy;
[0032] the bond between C-13 and C-14 positions is double or single
bond, and
[0033] the steric configuration at C-15 position is R, S or a
mixture thereof
to the subject in need thereof.
[0034] The present invention also provides a method for the
treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in a male human subject, or
a human subject aged 65 years and older, which comprises
administering an effective amount of a prostaglandin compound
represented by Formula (I) and/or its tautomer to the subject in
need thereof.
[0035] The present invention further provides a method for the
improvement of quality of life in a human subject with
gastrointestinal disorders, which comprises administering an
effective amount of a prostaglandin compound represented by Formula
(I) and/or its tautomer to the subject in need thereof.
[0036] In each embodiment of the method of the present invention,
total daily dose of the PG compound may preferably be 6-96
.mu.g.
[0037] The method of the present invention can be carried out by
administering a pharmaceutical composition which comprises the
above-identified prostaglandin compound and/or its tautomer to the
subject to be treated. Accordingly, in another aspect of the
present invention, a pharmaceutical composition for the long term
treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in a human subject
comprising (i) an effective amount of a prostaglandin compound
represented by Formula (I) and/or its tautomer and (ii) a
pharmaceutically suitable excipient is provided.
[0038] The present invention further provides a
[0039] Pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of
[0040] gastrointestinal disorder in both male and female patients
or in a human subject aged 65 years and older, which comprises (i)
an effective amount of a prostaglandin compound represented by
Formula (I) and/or its tautomer and (ii) a pharmaceutically
suitable excipient.
[0041] The present invention still further provides a
pharmaceutical composition for the improvement of quality of life
in a human subject with gastrointestinal disorders, which comprises
(i) an effective amount of a prostaglandin compound represented by
Formula (I) and/or its tautomer and [0042] (ii) a pharmaceutically
suitable excipient.
[0043] In another aspect of the present invention, use of a
prostaglandin compound represented by Formula (I) and/or its
tautomer for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition as
defined above is provided.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0044] FIG. 1 is a graph showing severity of constipation during
the treatment for 6 months.
[0045] FIG. 2 is a graph showing severity of constipation during
the treatment for 12 months.
[0046] FIG. 3 is a graph showing abdominal bloating during the
treatment for 6 months.
[0047] FIG. 4 is a graph showing abdominal bloating during the
treatment for 12 months.
[0048] FIG. 5 is a graph showing abdominal discomfort during the
treatment for 6 months.
[0049] FIG. 6 is a graph showing abdominal discomfort during the
treatment for 12 months.
[0050] FIG. 7 is a graph showing effects on bowel movements per
week.
[0051] FIG. 8 is a graph showing effects on abdominal bloating.
[0052] FIG. 9 is a graph showing effects on abdominal
discomfort.
[0053] FIG. 10 is a graph showing effects on severity of
Constipation.
[0054] FIG. 11 is a graph showing effects on straining.
[0055] FIG. 12 is a graph showing effects on Consistency.
[0056] FIG. 13 is a graph showing effects on male vs. female
patients in bowel movement.
[0057] FIG. 14 is a graph showing effects by age in bowel
movement.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0058] In the present invention, the "effective amount" may be
determined based on the age, body weight, conditions of the patient
to be treated, desired therapeutic effect, administration route,
treatment period and the like. According to the present invention,
the amount of the prostaglandin compound to be administered may be
0.001-1000 .mu.g/kg body weight, more preferably, 0.01-100 .mu.g/kg
body weight and most preferably, 0.1-10 .mu.g/kg body weight per
day. The frequency of administration may be one or more times per
day, preferably, two or more times per day. Typical administration
amount to a patient is about 6-96 .mu.g per day. According to the
specification and claims, the administration amount or dose is
determined based on a patient having body weight of approximately
60 kg.
[0059] As used herein, the term "about" when used in conjunction
with a unit of measure can be defined as +/- 30%, preferably
+/-20%, and especially +/-10%. For example, the total daily dose of
about 6-96 .mu.g preferably means the range of 5.4-105.6 .mu.g. The
preferred dose is in the range of about 6-72 .mu.g. In a more
preferred embodiment, the dose is in the range of about 6-60 .mu.g.
For example, the dose of said halogenated compound can be about
8-48 .mu.g.
[0060] (i) Prostaglandin Compound of Formula (I)
[0061] The instant invention utilizes a prostaglandin compound
represented by formula (I):
##STR00005##
[0062] wherein W.sub.1 and W.sub.2 are
##STR00006##
[0063] R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen; or one of them is OH and
the other is hydrogen; [0064] X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are hydrogen,
lower alkyl or halogen, provided that at least one of them is
halogen;
[0065] R.sub.2 is hydrogen or alkyl;
[0066] Y is a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.2-10 hydrocarbon
chain, which is unsubstituted or substituted by oxo, halogen,
alkyl, hydroxy or aryl;
[0067] A is --CH.sub.2OH, --COCH.sub.2OH, --COOH or its functional
derivative;
[0068] R.sub.1 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight chain-,
branched chain- or ring-forming lower hydrocarbon, which is
unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, oxo, hydroxy, lower alkyl,
lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy, lower cycloalkyl, lower
cycloalkyloxy, aryl, or aryloxy; lower cycloalkyl; lower
cycloalkyloxy; aryl; or aryloxy;
[0069] the bond between C-13 and C-14 positions is double or single
bond, and
[0070] the steric configuration at C-15 position is R, S or a
mixture thereof.
[0071] In the above formula, the term "halogen" is used to include
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms. Particularly
preferable halogen atoms for X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are fluorine
atoms.
[0072] The term "unsaturated" in the definitions for R.sub.1 and Y
is intended to include at least one or more double bonds and/or
triple bonds that are isolatedly, separately or serially present
between carbon atoms of the main and/or side chains. According to
the usual nomenclature, an unsaturated bond between two serial
positions is represented by denoting the lower number of the two
positions, and an unsaturated bond between two distal positions is
represented by denoting both of the positions.
[0073] The term "lower" throughout the specification and claims is
intended to include a group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms unless
otherwise specified.
[0074] The term "ring" refers to lower cycloalkyl, lower
cycloalkyloxy, aryl or aryloxy.
[0075] The term "lower alkyl" refers to a straight or branched
chain saturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms
and includes, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl,
isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
[0076] The term "lower alkoxy" refers to a group of lower
alkyl-O--, wherein lower alkyl is as defined above.
[0077] The term "lower alkanoyloxy" refers to a group represented
by the formula RCO--O--, wherein RCO-- is an acyl group formed by
oxidation of a lower alkyl group as defined above, such as
acetyl.
[0078] The term "lower cycloalkyl" refers to a cyclic group formed
by cyclization of a lower alkyl group as defined above but contains
three or more carbon atoms, and includes, for example, cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0079] The term "lower cycloalkyloxy" refers to the group of lower
cycloalkyl-O--, wherein lower cycloalkyl is as defined above.
[0080] The term "aryl" refers to unsubstituted or substituted
aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic groups (preferably mono-cyclic
groups), for example, phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, furyl,
thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl,
imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, furzanyl, pyranyl, pyridyl, pyridazyl,
pyrimidryl, pyrazyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl,
piperidino, piperazinyl, morpholono, indolyl, benzothienyl,
quinolyl, isoquinolyl, puryl, quinazolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl,
phenathridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzimidazolonyl, benzothiazolyl
and phenothiazinyl. Examples of substituents are halogen atom and
halo(lower)alkyl, wherein halogen atom and lower alkyl are as
defined above.
[0081] The term "aryloxy" refers to a group represented by the
formula ArO--, wherein Ar is aryl as defined above.
[0082] The term "functional derivative" of A includes salts
(preferably pharmaceutically acceptable salts), ethers, esters and
amides.
[0083] Suitable "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" include
conventionally used non-toxic salts, for example a salt with an
inorganic base such as an alkali metal salt (such as sodium salt
and potassium salt), an alkaline earth metal salt (such as calcium
salt and magnesium salt), an ammonium salt; or a salt with an
organic base, for example, an amine salt (such as methylamine salt,
dimethylamine salt, cyclohexylamine salt, benzylamine salt,
piperidine salt, ethylenediamine salt, ethanolamine salt,
diethanolamine salt, triethanolamine salt,
tris(hydroxymethylamino)ethane salt, monomethyl-monoethanolamine
salt, procaine salt and caffeine salt), a basic amino acid salt
(such as arginine salt and lysine salt), tetraalkyl ammonium salt
and the like. These salts may be prepared by a conventional
process, for example from the corresponding acid and base or by
salt interchange.
[0084] Examples of the ethers include alkyl ethers, for example,
lower alkyl ethers such as methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether,
isopropyl ether, butyl ether, isobutyl ether, t-butyl ether, pentyl
ether and 1-cyclopropyl ethyl ether; and medium or higher alkyl
ethers such as octyl ether, diethylhexyl ether, lauryl ether and
cetyl ether; unsaturated ethers such as oleyl ether and linolenyl
ether; lower alkenyl ethers such as vinyl ether, allyl ether; lower
alkynyl ethers such as ethynyl ether and propynyl ether;
hydroxy(lower)alkyl ethers such as hydroxyethyl ether and
hydroxyisopropyl ether; lower alkoxy (lower)alkyl ethers such as
methoxymethyl ether and 1-methoxyethyl ether; optionally
substituted aryl ethers such as phenyl ether, tosyl ether,
t-butylphenyl ether, salicyl ether, 3,4-di-methoxyphenyl ether and
benzamidophenyl ether; and aryl(lower)alkyl ethers such as benzyl
ether, trityl ether and benzhydryl ether.
[0085] Examples of the esters include aliphatic esters, for
example, lower alkyl esters such as methyl ester, ethyl ester,
propyl ester, isopropyl ester, butyl ester, isobutyl ester, t-butyl
ester, pentyl ester and 1-cyclopropylethyl ester; lower alkenyl
esters such as vinyl ester and allyl ester; lower alkynyl esters
such as ethynyl ester and propynyl ester; hydroxy(lower)alkyl ester
such as hydroxyethyl ester; lower alkoxy (lower) alkyl esters such
as methoxymethyl ester and 1-methoxyethyl ester; and optionally
substituted aryl esters such as, for example, phenyl ester, tolyl
ester, t-butylphenyl ester, salicyl ester, 3,4-di-methoxyphenyl
ester and benzamidophenyl ester; and aryl(lower)alkyl ester such as
benzyl ester, trityl ester and benzhydryl ester.
[0086] The amide of A means a group represented by the formula
--CONR'R'', wherein each of R' and R'' is hydrogen, lower alkyl,
aryl, alkyl- or aryl-sulfonyl, lower alkenyl and lower alkynyl, and
includes for example, lower alkyl amides such as methylamide,
ethylamide, dimethylamide and diethylamide; arylamides such as
anilide and toluidide; and alkyl- or aryl-sulfonylamides such as
methylsulfonylamide, ethylsulfonyl-amide and
tolylsulfonylamide.
[0087] Examples of Y include, for example, the following
groups:
[0088]
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
[0089] --CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
[0090] --CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--,
--CH.sub.2--C.ident.C--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--, [0091]
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--,
[0092] --CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--,
[0093] --CH.sub.2--C.ident.C--CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--,
[0094]
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.su-
b.2--,
[0095]
--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
[0096]
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--,
[0097]
--CH.sub.2--C.ident.C--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--,
[0098]
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH(CH.sub.3)--C-
H.sub.2--,
[0099]
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--,
[0100]
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.su-
b.2--CH.sub.2--,
[0101]
--CH.sub.2--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.s-
ub.2--,
[0102]
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.db-
d.CH--,
--CH.sub.2--C.ident.C--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.-
sub.2--, and
[0103]
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--CH(CH-
.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--.
[0104] Further, at least one carbon atom in the aliphatic
hydrocarbon of Y is optionally substituted by oxygen, nitrogen or
sulfur.
[0105] Preferred A is --COOH or its pharmaceutically acceptable
salt or ester.
[0106] Preferred X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are both being halogen atoms,
and more preferably, fluorine atoms.
[0107] Preferred W.sub.1 is .dbd.O.
[0108] Preferred W.sub.2 is
##STR00007##
where R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are both hydrogen atoms.
[0109] Preferred Y is an unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated
hydrocarbon chain having 6-8 carbon atoms.
[0110] Preferred R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon containing 1-6 carbon
atoms, more preferably, 1-4 carbon atoms. R.sub.1 may have one or
two side chains having one carbon atom.
[0111] R.sub.2 is preferably hydrogen.
[0112] Most preferred embodiment is a prostaglandin compound of
formula (I) in which A is --COOH; Y is (CH.sub.2).sub.6; W.sub.1 is
.dbd.O; W.sub.2 is
##STR00008##
wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are both hydrogen; R.sub.2 is hydrogen;
X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are fluorine; and R.sub.1 is
(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH.sub.3 or
CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3.
[0113] The active agent of this invention or the PG compound of
formula (I) exists as a bicyclic compound in a solid state, but
when dissolved in a solvent, a part of the compound forms a
tautomer. In the absence of water, compound represented by formula
(I) exists predominantly in the form of the bicyclic structure. In
aqueous media, it is believed that hydrogen bonding occurs between
the water molecule and, for example, the keto moiety at the C-15
position, thereby hindering bicyclic ring formation. In addition,
it is believed that the halogen atoms at the C-16 position promote
bicyclic ring formation. The tautomerism between the hydroxy at the
C-11 position and the keto moiety at the C-15 position, shown
below, is especially significant in the case of compounds having a
13,14 single bond and two fluorine atoms at the C-16 position.
[0114] Accordingly, the present invention may comprise isomers of
the halogenated prostaglandin compounds. For example, mono-cyclic
tautomers having a keto group at the C-15 position and halogen
atoms at the C-16 position is shown as follows.
##STR00009##
[0115] A preferred compound according to the invention in its
monocyclic form can be named as
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.1, according to
conventional prostaglandin nomenclature.
[0116] (ii) the Pharmaceutically Suitable Excipient
[0117] According to the invention, the pharmaceutical composition
may be formulated in any form. The pharmaceutically suitable
excipient may be, therefore, selected depending on the desired form
of the composition. According to the invention, "pharmaceutically
suitable excipient" means an inert substance, which is combined
with the active ingredient of the invention and suitable for
preparing the desired form.
[0118] For example, a solid composition for oral administration of
the present invention may include tablets, preparations, granules
and the like. In such a solid composition, one or more active
ingredients may be mixed with at least one inactive diluent, for
example, lactose, mannitol, glucose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,
microcrystalline cellulose, starch, polyvinyl pyrrolidone,
magnesium aluminate metasilicate and the like. According to the
usual work-up, the composition may contain additives other than
inactive diluent, for example, lubricant such as magnesium
stearate; disintegrant such as fibrous calcium gluconate;
stabilizer such as cyclodextrin, for example, .alpha.,.beta.- or
.gamma.-cyclodextrin; etherified cyclodextrin such as
dimethyl-.alpha.-, dimethyl-.beta.-, trimethyl-.beta.-, or
hydroxypropyl-.beta.-cyclodextrin; branched cyclodextrin such as
glucosyl-, maltosyl-cyclodextrin; formylated cyclodextrin,
cyclodextrin containing sulfur; phospholipid and the like. When the
above cyclodextrins are used, inclusion compound with cyclodextrins
may be sometimes formed to enhance stability. Alternatively,
phospholipid may be sometimes used to form liposome, resulting in
enhanced stability.
[0119] Tablets or pills may be coated with film soluble in the
stomach or intestine such as sugar, gelatin, hydroxypropyl
cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate as needed.
Further, they may be formed as capsules with absorbable substances
such as gelatins. Preferably, the composition is formulated in a
soft gelatin capsule with liquid contents of the halogenated
prostaglandin compound and a medium chain fatty acid triglyceride.
Examples of the medium chain fatty acid triglyceride used in the
present invention include a triglyceride of a saturated or
unsaturated fatty acid having 6-14 carbon atoms which may have a
branched chain. A preferred fatty acid is a straight chain
saturated fatty acid, for example caproic acid (C6), caprylic acid
(C8), capric acid (C10), lauric acid (C12) and myristic acid (C14).
In addition, two or more medium chain fatty acid triglycerides may
be used in combination. Further suitable excipients are disclosed
in the published PCT application WO 01/27099.
[0120] A liquid composition for oral administration may be in the
form of emulsion, solution, suspension, syrup or elixir comprising
a generally used inactive diluent. Such composition may contain, in
addition to the inactive diluent, additives such as lubricants,
sweetening agents, flavoring agents, preservatives, solubilizers,
anti-oxidants and the like. The additives may be selected from
those described in any general textbooks in the pharmaceutical
field. Such liquid compositions may be directly enclosed in soft
capsules. The composition of the present invention may be
suppository, enema or the like. They may be in the form of, for
example, sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solution, suspension,
emulsion, and the like. Examples of the excipients for the aqueous
solution, suspension or emulsion may include, for example,
distilled water, physiological saline and Ringer's solution.
[0121] Examples of excipients for non-aqueous solution, suspension
or emulsion may include, for example, propylene glycol,
polyethylene glycol, fatty acid triglyceride, vegetable oil such as
olive oil, alcohols such as ethanol, polysorbate and the like. Such
composition may contain additives such as preservatives, wetting
agent, emulsifier, dispersant, anti-oxidants and the like.
[0122] According to the present invention, the pharmaceutical
composition may be either for parenteral or oral administration and
an orally applicable composition is preferred. In an example, the
active ingredient is preferably dissolved medium chain fatty acid
triglyceride and filled in a capsule.
[0123] According to the method of the invention, the composition of
the present invention can be administered systemically or locally
by means of oral or parenteral administration, including parenteral
administration using suppository, enema and the like. The
composition of the present invention may be administered once to
several times per day.
[0124] Preferably, the total daily dose of the prostaglandin
compound of the present invention is in the range of about 6-96
.mu.g, more preferably about 6-72 .mu.g, still more preferably
about 6-60 .mu.g and especially, 8-48 .mu.g. The dose may vary
somewhat, at the discretion of the physician, depending the age and
body weight of the patient, conditions, therapeutic effect,
administration route, treatment period and the like.
[0125] The term "substantially no electrolyte shifting" used herein
means that electrolyte imbalance during the term of the treatment
is far less than that induced by a known electrolyte imbalance
inducing agent. Moreover, the term "substantially no electrolyte
shifting" refers to serum electrolyte levels in a treated patient
that are within clinically normal ranges as they would be
understood by the clinician. As described above, MiraLax.TM., that
is used for the treatment of constipation may induce electrolyte
imbalance, which can result in, among other things, dangerous
cardiac problems. On the other hand, as shown in the following
example, the prostaglandin compound used in the instant invention
induces substantially no electrolyte shifting even if it is
administered for long term.
[0126] The following examples also show that the pharmaceutical
composition of the present invention induces substantially no
rebound constipation or the other disadvantage after stopping the
prolonged treatment with the composition. Accordingly, it can be
resulted in that the composition of the present invention is useful
for long term treatment.
[0127] Furthermore, the assessment of quality of life in both
constipation and IBS patients observed that the present compounds
improved the quality of life in the patients.
[0128] According to the present invention, the present compounds
are useful for the long-term treatment of gastrointestinal
disorders. It is similarly effective in treating male and female
patients. In addition it is useful in treating a patient aged 65
years and older.
[0129] The "gastrointestinal disorders" used herein include for
example, but not limited to, acute or chronic constipation,
functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel
syndrome and functional dyspepsia, gastric ulcer, large or small
intestinal ulcer and abdominal discomfort.
[0130] Included in the types of constipation to be treated,
although not particularly limited, are functional constipation such
as relaxing constipation, spastic constipation, rectal constipation
and post operative ileus; organic constipation caused by intestinal
diseases and stenosis due to postoperative adhesion; and
constipation induced by a drug such as opioid.
[0131] In addition to relieving or preventing constipation, the
present composition may be used for preventing a patient with
hernia or cardiovascular diseases from straining at stool, or for
softening feces of a patient with anorectal diseases. Moreover, the
present composition may be used for cleansing the gastrointestinal
tract in preparation for endoscopic examination or for diagnostic
or surgical procedures such as colonoscopy, barium enema X-rays and
intravenous pyelography, and emergency procedures such as emergency
gastrointestinal flush for poison removal and the like. Accordingly
the invention covers embodiments wherein the composition of the
present invention is used for cleansing the gastrointestinal tract
in a human male subject or a human subject aged 65 years and older
in need thereof.
[0132] The term "treatment" used herein includes any means of
control such as prevention, care, relief of symptoms, attenuation
of symptoms and arrest of progression. The term "long term
treatment" used herein means administering the compound for at
least two weeks. The compound may be administered everyday for the
whole term of the treatment or with an interval of one to several
days. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the
prostaglandin compound is administered for at least three weeks. In
another particular embodiment, the prostaglandin compound is
administered for at least four weeks. In another particular
embodiment, the prostaglandin compound is administered for at least
2 months. In another particular embodiment, the prostaglandin
compound is administered for at least 6 months.
[0133] The further details of the present invention will follow
with reference to test examples, which, however, are not intended
to limit the present invention.
Example 1
Method
[0134] Multi-center, open-label study was performed to evaluate the
safety of 48 .mu.g of Compound A
(13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.1) (24 .mu.g of
Compound A b.i.d) when administered daily for 24 weeks (6 months)
or 48 weeks (12 months) to subjects with occasional constipation.
Patients who demonstrated history of chronic constipation for at
least 3 months (having less then three SBMs per week) and at least
one associated symptom such as hard stools, incomplete evacuation,
straining were enrolled. After 14-day drug-free washout period,
they received 48 .mu.g of Compound A (24 .mu.g of Compound A b.i.d)
orally for 48 weeks.
[0135] In this study, the following parameters were evaluated.
1) Electrolyte balance
[0136] Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and
phosphorus ion concentrations in serum of patients (n=299) were
measured before, and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 50 weeks
after the start of the Compound A treatment.
[0137] The laboratory standard values for the panel of electrolytes
were taken from the normal reference ranges for the central
laboratory.
2) Severity of Constipation, 3) Abdominal bloating and 4) Abdominal
discomfort
[0138] Each parameter (Severity of Constipation, Abdominal bloating
or Abdominal discomfort) was evaluated on the scale of: 0(absent),
1(mild), 2(moderate), 3(severe) and 4(very severe) in the patients
during 6 months (n=246) or 12 months (n=304) treatments.
(Results)
[0139] 1) Electrolyte balance
[0140] As shown in Table 1, treatment with compound A had no effect
on sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus
ion concentration in serum of the patients. The results demonstrate
that Compound A does not induce substantial shift of electrolyte
over long-term administration.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Mean Serum Chemistry Results Sodium
Potassium Chloride Calcium Magnesium Phosphorus Week (mmol/L)
(mmol/L) (mmol/L) (mg/dL) (mg/dL) (mg/dL) 0 141.00 4.28 103.08 9.61
2.18 3.65 6 142.25 4.28 103.00 9.90 2.23 3.20 12 139.78 4.20 103.08
9.71 2.24 3.57 18 141.50 4.40 105.50 9.30 2.35 3.55 24 139.21 4.19
102.56 9.77 2.21 3.61 30 136.00 4.30 100.00 9.10 2.30 2.50 36
138.94 4.18 102.51 9.67 2.19 3.58 48 139.59 4.20 102.88 9.66 2.14
3.50 50 139.11 4.49 102.67 9.47 2.31 3.54 Laboratory 135-148
3.5-5.5 96-109 8.5-10.6 1.6-2.6 * Standard * Female: 15-19 year
2.5-5.3 mg/dL, .gtoreq.20 year 2.5-4.5 mg/dL Male: 15-19 year
2.5-5.6 mg/dL, .gtoreq.20 year 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
2) Severity of Constipation (6 and 12 months), 3) Abdominal
bloating (6 and 12 months) and 4) Abdominal discomfort (6 and 12
months) were shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 respectively.
[0141] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, Compound A is effective during the
6 months and 12 months treatment.
Example 2
Method
[0142] Multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled
study was performed to assess post-treatment response, in a portion
of the total population, after four (4) weeks of active treatment
(48 .mu.g Compound A total daily dose) and three (3) weeks
randomized withdrawal period. Patients who demonstrated history of
chronic constipation for at least 6 months (having less then three
SBMs per week) and at least one associated symptom such as hard
stools, incomplete evacuation, straining were enrolled. After
14-day drug-free washout period, they received orally 48 .mu.g
(total daily dose) of Compound A for 28 days followed by either 0
or 48 .mu.g (total daily dose) of Compound A for 21 days.
[0143] In this study, the following parameters were evaluated.
1) Bowel movements per week 2) Abdominal bloating 3) Abdominal
discomfort
4) Severity of Constipation
5) Straining
6) Consistency
[0144] Each parameter (Abdominal bloating, Abdominal discomfort,
Severity of Constipation or Straining) was evaluated on the scale
of: 0(absent), 1(mild), 2(moderate), 3(severe) and 4(very severe)
in the patients. Consistency was evaluated on a scale of: 0(very
loose), 1(loose), 2(normal), 3(hard) and 4(very hard, little
balls)
(Results)
[0145] 1) Bowel movements per week, 2) Abdominal bloating, 3)
Abdominal discomfort, 4) Severity of Constipation, 5) Straining and
6) Consistency were shown in FIG. 7 to FIG. 12 respectively.
[0146] As shown in FIGS. 7 to 12, substantially no rebound effect
after the discontinuation of the treatment with Compound A was
observed, and the efficacy of the compound A was sustained even
after stopping the treatment.
[0147] This result indicates that the quality of life of the
patients is improved by the administration of compound A.
Example 3
Method
[0148] Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were treated
with 48 .mu.g of Compound A (24 .mu.g of Compound A b.i.d) for 48
weeks.
[0149] In this study, we evaluated the following parameters.
1) Abdominal discomfort 2) Abdominal bloating
3) Severity of Constipation
[0150] Each of Abdominal discomfort and Abdominal bloating was
evaluated on a scale of: 0(absent), 1(mild), 2(moderate), 3(severe)
and 4(very severe) in the patients. Severity of Constipation was
evaluated on a scale of: 0(very loose), 1:(loose), 2:(normal),
3(hard), 4(very hard) in the patients.
(Results)
[0151] 1) Abdominal discomfort, 2) Abdominal bloating and 3)
Severity of Constipation were shown in Table 2 to Table 4
respectively.
[0152] As shown in Tables 2 to 4, Compound A is effective during
the 12 months treatment in IBS patients.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Analysis of Abdominal discomfort Compound A
Compound A Mean .+-. SD (N) Mean .+-. SD (N) Median Range Week
Median Range p-Value* Baseline 1.95 .+-. 0.850 (183) Change from
2.00 Baseline 0.00-4.00 Week 12 1.16 .+-. 0.836 (135) -0.79 .+-.
0.993 (135) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00 -3.00-2.00 <0.001# Week 18 0.98
.+-. 0.874 (111) -0.97 .+-. 1.031 (111) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-3.00
-4.00-3.00 <0.001# Week 24 1.09 .+-. 0.917 (107) -0.82 .+-.
1.035 (107) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00 -4.00-3.00 <0.001# Week 36 0.93
.+-. 0.799 (57) -0.77 .+-. 0.926 (57) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-3.00
-4.00-2.00 <0.001# Week 48 0.87 .+-. 0.929 (52) -0.81 .+-. 0.908
(52) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00 -2.00-2.00 <0.001# End of Treatment
1.28 .+-. 1.020 (183) -0.66 .+-. 1.112 (183) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00
-4.00-2.00 <0.001# Follow-Up 1.40 .+-. 0.996 (121) -0.55 .+-.
1.080 (121) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00 -4.00-2.00 <0.001# *P-value is
from a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Analysis of Abdominal bloating Compound A
Compound A Mean .+-. SD (N) Mean .+-. SD (N) Median Range Week
Median Range p-Value* Baseline 2.23 .+-. 0.927 (183) Change from
2.00 Baseline 0.00-4.00 Week 12 1.43 .+-. 0.919 (135) -0.84 .+-.
1.045 (135) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00 -3.00-3.00 <0.001# Week 18 1.19
.+-. 0.837 (111) -1.07 .+-. 1.068 (111) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-3.00
-3.00-3.00 <0.001# Week 24 1.26 .+-. 0.915 (107) -0.95 .+-.
1.102 (107) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00 -4.00-3.00 <0.001# Week 36 1.05
.+-. 0.854 (57) -1.00 .+-. 1.134 (57) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-3.00
-4.00-2.00 <0.001# Week 48 1.12 .+-. 0.832 (52) -0.94 .+-. 0.802
(52) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00 -3.00-1.00 <0.001# End of Treatment
1.50 .+-. 1.005 (183) -0.73 .+-. 1.075 (183) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00
-4.00-2.00 <0.001# Follow-Up 1.55 .+-. 0.957 (121) -0.69 .+-.
1.109 (121) 2.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00 -3.00-3.00 <0.001# *P-value is
from a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Analysis of Severity of Constipation
Compound A Compound A Mean .+-. SD (N) Mean .+-. SD (N) Median
Range Week Median Range p-Value* Baseline 2.95 .+-. 0.751 (183)
Change from 3.00 Baseline 1.00-4.00 Week 12 1.76 .+-. 1.003 (135)
-1.16 .+-. 1.099 (135) 2.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00 -4.00-2.00 <0.001#
Week 18 1.33 .+-. 0.985 (111) -1.59 .+-. 1.148 (111) 1.00 -2.00
0.00-4.00 -4.00-3.00 <0.001# Week 24 1.50 .+-. 0.965 (107) -1.40
.+-. 1.036 (107) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00 -3.00-2.00 <0.001# Week 36
1.39 .+-. 0.921 (57) -1.33 .+-. 1.123 (57) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00
-4.00-2.00 <0.001# Week 48 1.37 .+-. 0.894 (51) -1.37 .+-. 1.095
(51) 1.00 -1.00 0.00-3.00 -3.00-1.00 <0.001# End of Treatment
1.84 .+-. 1.120 (183) -1.11 .+-. 1.148 (183) 2.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00
-4.00-2.00 <0.001# Follow-Up 2.07 .+-. 0.946 (121) -0.88 .+-.
1.122 (121) 2.00 -1.00 0.00-4.00 -4.00-2.00 <0.001# *P-value is
from a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Example 4
Method
[0153] Multi-center, parallel-group, double-blind,
placebo-controlled study was performed to compare the effect of
Compound A on the weekly number of spontaneous bowel movements in
male and female patients. Male and female patients with occasional
constipation were received 48 .mu.g (total daily dose) of Compound
A (24 .mu.g of Compound A b.i.d) for 4 weeks. The bowel movements
in the patient were recorded during the treatment.
(Results)
[0154] The effect of 48 .mu.g of Compound A on the weekly number of
spontaneous bowel movements in male vs. female patients is shown in
FIG. 13.
[0155] As shown in FIG. 13, Compound A was significantly effective
for both male and female patients. There was no significant
difference between the effects in male and female patients.
Example 5
Method
[0156] Multi-center, parallel-group, double-blind,
placebo-controlled study was performed to compare the effect of
Compound A on improving weekly number of spontaneous bowel
movements among different aged patients with occasional
constipation. The patients were received 48 .mu.g (total daily
dose) of Compound A (24 .mu.g of Compound A b.i.d) for 4 weeks. The
bowel movements in the patient were recorded during the
treatment.
(Results)
[0157] The result is shown in FIG. 14. As shown in FIG. 14,
Compound A was significantly effective in all aged groups, and even
65 years and older patients.
Example 6
Method
[0158] A 48-week multi-center study was performed to assess the
safety and efficacy of 48 .mu.g (total daily dose) of Compound A to
subjects with occasional constipation. Patients who demonstrated
history of constipation for at least 3 months (having less then
three SBMs per week) and at least one associated symptom such as
hard stools, incomplete evacuation, straining were enrolled. After
14-day drug-free washout period, they received orally 48 .mu.g of
Compound A (24 .mu.g of Compound I, b.i.d) daily for 48 weeks.
[0159] The subjects completed the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)
36-item short form (SF-36), i.e. a conventionally used QOL
assessment form, at enrollment (baseline) and end of treatment
(Week 48). Components of the MOS SF-36 (Med Care 30(6), 473-483,
1992) are outlined below:
Physical component: Physical Function, Role-Physical Bodily Pain
and General Health Mental component: Vitality, Social Function,
Role-Emotional and Mental Health
[0160] Each of the 8 components was scored within the guidelines of
the publisher, including the publisher's guidelines for imputing
missing variables. The change from baseline in each of the 8
component scores at the end of treatment (Week 48) were recorded
and evaluated with paired t-tests.
(Results)
[0161] As shown in Table 5, for each of the 8 component scores, the
mean baseline score was between 47 and 52, indicating that the
subject population was generally healthy. The mean change from
baseline for each component score at Week 48 represented a small
increase, which is indicative of an improvement in the respective
categories. Improvements that were significantly different from
zero were observed at Week 48 for the components of Physical
Function, Role-Physical, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality,
Social Function and Mental Health. The results indicate that
Compound A improves the QOL of the patients.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Summary of SF36 results Component/Scale
Score Physical Role- Bodily General Social Role- Mental Function
Physical Pain Health Vitality function Emotional Health Baseline N
320 320 319 319 319 320 319 319 Mean 49.04 49.75 47.53 51.52 50.61
50.12 49.52 50.60 (std) 9.817 9.457 9.765 9.069 9.940 9.778 9.973
9.829 Week 48.sup.a) N 153 153 151 151 151 152 151 151 Mean .sup.b)
2.48** 1.95** 3.38** 1.47* 2.89** 2.22** 1.22 1.97** (std) 8.431
7.403 9.883 7.827 9.163 8.973 9.560 9.201 .sup.a)Values represented
at Week 48 are for the changes from baseline. .sup.b) *p < 0.05,
**P < 0.01 (paired T-tests.)
Example 7
Method
[0162] A 12-week, double-blind, randomized study was performed to
assess the safety and efficacy of oral 16 .mu.g, 32 .mu.g and 48
.mu.g (total daily dose) of compound A to subjects with irritable
bowel syndrome (IBS).
[0163] The patients answered the IBS QOL questionnaire at baseline,
at week 4, Week 12 and at the end of study, and Questionnaire
results were scored, according to the IBS QOL User's Manual (A
Quality of Life Measure for Persons with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
(IBS-QOL): User's Manual and Scoring Diskette for United States
Version. Seattle, Wash.: University of Washington; 1997). Scaled
scores were used for all analyses, and scores were calculated
according to the User's Manual as follows:
Scaled Score=([Sum of IBS-QOL items-lowest possible score]/Possible
raw score range)).times.100
[0164] Changes from baseline at week 4, week 12 and at the End of
Study were assessed for the mean overall score and for the mean
domain scores (dysphoria, interference with activity, body image,
health worry, food avoidance, social reaction, sexual, and
relationship).
(Results)
[0165] A summary of mean change from baseline in IS-QOL scores
analyzed without LOCF (Last observation carried forward) is shown
in Table 6 to Table 8.
[0166] These data indicated that the change from baseline was
significantly different from Zero in all groups. In general, the 16
.mu.g of compound A group showed the greatest improvement from
baseline of all the groups in every specific area and for QOL
overall.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Summary of change from Baseline in IBS QOL
(16 .mu.g) Component/Scaled Score Interference QOL with Body Health
Food Social Overall Dysphoria Activity Image Worry Avoidance
Reaction Sexual Relationship Baseline N 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51
Mean 55.66 53.19 65.82 41.42 37.74 46.08 63.97 64.95 67.81 (Std)
21.165 27.333 22.544 22.877 23.113 30.016 24.546 33.913 25.387 Week
4 N 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 Mean 14.7** 17.85** 10.87** 16.39**
22.41** 13.89** 11.94** 13.33** 10.74** (Std) 14.842 16.483 14.899
19.867 20.241 22.332 19.439 25.057 17.463 Week 12 N 42 42 42 42 42
42 42 42 42 Mean 18.54** 23.51** 13.95** 22.32** 23.81** 15.28**
14.58** 16.67** 15.47** (Std) 17.698 20.949 18.392 21.701 22.129
26.792 21.548 29.82 21.897 End of Study N 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 Mean 16.82** 21.62** 11.95** 20.41** 21.94** 13.95** 13.78**
14.03** 14.28** (Std) 17.145 20.451 18.348 21.491 21.562 25.762
20.57 28.485 20.692
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Summary of change from Baseline in IBS QOL
(32 .mu.g) Component/scale Score Interference QOL with Body Health
Food Social Overall Dysphoria Activity Image Worry Avoidance
Reaction Sexual Relationship Baseline N 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
Mean 60.14 59.69 69.82 43.37 44.38 52.21 66.84 68.62 70.23 (Std)
22.05 24.79 23.385 24.387 24.672 32.175 28.562 31.367 23.385 Week 4
N 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 Mean 11.25** 14.58** 7.04* 15.28**
16.9** 8.33* 9.9** 8.68** 7.64* (Std) 16.277 20.39 17.753 18.264
17.534 23.988 16.46 18.131 18.831 Week 12 N 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33
33 Mean 13.08** 15.25** 9.42** 17.99** 19.44** 11.36** 10.8**
10.98** 9.09* (Std) 13.527 15.285 18.052 15.21 21.616 23.46 14.173
18.424 20.87 End of Study N 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 Mean 12.58**
14.77** 8.2** 17.47** 17.61** 10.79** 11.08** 10.23** 10.79** (Std)
12.621 14.429 16.726 15.344 22.317 21.906 14.32 16.894 20.139
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Summary of change from Baseline in IBS QOL
(48 .mu.g) Component/Scaled Score Interference QOL with Body Health
Food Social Overall Dysphoria Activity Image Worry Avoidance
Reaction Sexual Relationship Baseline N 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
Mean 59.85 56.81 68.25 45.69 44.07 50.37 66.81 71.94 75.18 (Std)
21.664 26.802 23.396 21.396 23.274 31.927 27.074 30.404 22.365 Week
4 N 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 Mean 12.43** 17.28** 9.14** 13.24**
19.61** 12.01** 8.82** 8.46** 6.87** (Std) 11.619 16.842 14.477
13.568 18.562 19.59 14.028 15.607 12.558 Week 12 N 30 30 30 30 30
30 30 30 30 Mean 14.8** 20.83** 10.95** 17.08** 23.33** 11.3**9
14.17** 5 6.95** (Std) 13.65 18.863 15.091 18.419 18.098 22.153
21.143 18.159 12.202 End of Study N 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 Mean
11.54** 16.28** 7.97** 14.24** 17.05** 8.33** 12.06** 3.49 6.01**
(Std) 13.002 18.62 14.387 17.43 19.067 20.002 18.72 17.535 12.244
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (paired T-Tests)
[0167] The description of the invention is merely exemplary in
nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of
the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the
spirit and scope of the invention.
[0168] All patents and publications cited in this specification are
herein incorporated by reference
* * * * *