U.S. patent application number 14/359204 was filed with the patent office on 2014-10-16 for ape free cleaning composition with reduced voc.
The applicant listed for this patent is Dow Global Technologies LLC. Invention is credited to Molly I. Busby, Flor A. Castillo, Lisa B. Quencer, Cynthia L. Rand.
Application Number | 20140309156 14/359204 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 47279112 |
Filed Date | 2014-10-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140309156 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Rand; Cynthia L. ; et
al. |
October 16, 2014 |
APE Free Cleaning Composition with Reduced VOC
Abstract
The present disclosure provides a composition comprising at
least one primary branched nonionic surfactant of Formula (I)
wherein x is an integer from 1 to 11, y is an integer from 0 to 25,
R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2
is an alkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms; and a secondary
alcohol ethoxylate of Formula (II): wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are
linear alkyl groups each having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and n is
an integer from 1 to 20.
Inventors: |
Rand; Cynthia L.; (Sanford,
MI) ; Busby; Molly I.; (Midland, MI) ;
Quencer; Lisa B.; (Midland, MI) ; Castillo; Flor
A.; (Lake Jackson, TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Dow Global Technologies LLC |
Midland |
MI |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
47279112 |
Appl. No.: |
14/359204 |
Filed: |
November 19, 2012 |
PCT Filed: |
November 19, 2012 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US2012/065824 |
371 Date: |
May 19, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61565703 |
Dec 1, 2011 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
510/506 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D 3/2068 20130101;
C11D 1/72 20130101; C11D 1/8255 20130101; C11D 1/722 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
510/506 |
International
Class: |
C11D 1/72 20060101
C11D001/72; C11D 3/20 20060101 C11D003/20 |
Claims
1. A composition comprising: a) at least one primary branched
nonionic surfactant of Formula (I) ##STR00005## wherein x is an
integer from 1 to 11, y is an integer from 0 to 25, R.sub.1 is an
alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is an alkyl
group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms; and b) a secondary alcohol
ethoxylate of Formula (II) ##STR00006## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4
are linear alkyl groups each having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and
n is an integer from 1 to 20.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises a
ratio of the primary branched nonionic surfactant to the secondary
alcohol ethoxylate from 2:1 to 1:10.
3. The composition of claim 1 comprising a primary branched
nonionic surfactant wherein x is from 3 to 6, y is from 6 to 10,
R.sub.1 is ethyl and R.sub.2 is butyl.
4. The composition of claim 3 further comprising a second primary
branched nonionic surfactant wherein x is from 3 to 6, y is from 6
to 10, R.sub.1 is ethyl and R.sub.2 is butyl, wherein the x and y
of the second primary branched nonionic surfactant differs from the
x or y of the primary branched nonionic surfactant.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are
linear alkyl groups each having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms.
6. A solution comprising 60 to 90 wt % of the composition of claim
1 in water wherein the solution has a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of
less than 500 cP.
7. The solution of claim 6 further comprising a fragrance
compound.
8. A hard surface cleaner comprising the composition of claim
1.
9. The hard surface cleaner of claim 8 further comprising a
fragrance compound.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to a composition comprising a
nonionic surfactant and a secondary alcohol ethoxylate.
INTRODUCTION
[0002] One of the most important classes of industrial chemicals
are surfactants or surface active agents, and especially, nonionic
surfactants, that are used in a vast array of industrial and
consumer applications such as the preparation of cleaning products,
agricultural products, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics,
textiles, or specialty surface coatings for metals, glasses, and
plastics, to name a few. Typically the surfactant or a blend of
surfactants is only a small component of a complex formulation that
is specifically designed to provide the required performance
attributes for the given application. Although formulations and
components may vary for each application, the stability of the
formulated product is a general requirement that is critical in any
industrial or consumer product. Stability usually means that the
formulation remains constant in its composition and physical form
over a range of temperatures and conditions while providing the
same performance, visible or measurable, each time the formulation
is prepared, transported, stored, or used over time. Generally this
type of formulation work will require considerable experimentation
to develop the most cost effective formulations with best
performance attributes possible. To simplify this procedure,
formulation scientists will also be interested in developing stable
base formulations in which to test the effects of secondary
additives that are often added to customize or refine the
formulations such as perfumes, pigments, thickening agents and
dispersants, etc., while monitoring the stability of the fully
formulated products.
[0003] The stability and temperature range of use of the
compositions is also of significant importance to the producer of
the components and the formulator of the components. The producer
must ensure that their product is stable to manufacturing
conditions, transfer operations, shipping and storage. The need to
remix, heat or cool a component will always add manufacturing
complexity and cost to a product.
[0004] Surfactants in many formulated products are distinguished by
their rate of biodegradation, degradation products, and level of
aquatic toxicity. The Design for the Environment (DfE) Criteria for
Surfactants and other similar certification programs combine these
hazard characteristics, and require that surfactants with higher
aquatic toxicity demonstrate a faster rate of biodegradation
without degradation to products of concern. Surfactants that meet
the Criteria are acceptable for use in a DfE-labeled cleaning
product
[0005] There exists a need to create new DfE compliant surfactants
and formulations, which are alkyl phenol ethoxylate (APE)-free and
have reduced volatile organic compounds (VOC). The drive for new
formulated products to meet the certified label has further
highlighted the need for a stable surfactant formulation that can
serve as an effective alternative to the broadly used APE
surfactants. The invention of such a base surfactant formulation
would greatly simplify reformulation efforts for brand owners. A
critical attribute of such an invention, independent of
application, requires the formulation to be in a liquid form that
exhibits an acceptable viscosity profile to enable easy transfer of
the concentrate demonstrated by a lack of gel formation or phase
separation under transport or use conditions. Additionally, such an
invention requires a temperature stability such that the
concentrate remains a clear, flowing liquid under long term
stability tests.
[0006] When focused on hard surface cleaning as a specific
application, additional critical performance attributes of the
surfactant formulation would include good cleaning and degreasing
capabilities, minimal visual residue in the form of
filming/streaking, and flexible incorporation of formulation
additives such as chelants, solvents, perfumes and dyes without
loss of cleaning performance. A successful formulation would also
demonstrate filming and streaking performance that is comparable to
or better than conventional alkyl polyglucoside containing
formulations and APE containing formulations. Further attributes of
a successful formulation would include 0.5% or less volatile
organic compounds while providing temperature stability up to
60.degree. C. Currently there are no surfactant formulations that
can meet both of these industry performance standards while still
providing stable base formulations that are easily customized.
SUMMARY
[0007] The present disclosure is directed to a composition which
has excellent stability both as a concentrate and when used in a
fully formulated product. The composition delivers visual
attributes of filming/streaking that are comparable to the industry
gold standard associated with alkyl polyglucoside-based
formulations; however, the composition retains an excellent
cleaning performance typically seen with non-ionic surfactants. In
addition, the composition is able to couple hard to disperse
additives such as fragrances into aqueous cleaner formulations
while maintaining temperature stability, which is something for
which alkyl polyglucosides are not well suited.
[0008] In an embodiment, the composition comprises (A) at least one
primary branched nonionic surfactant of Formula (I) wherein x is an
integer from 1 to 11, y is an integer from 0 to 25, R.sub.1 is an
alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is an alkyl
group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms;
##STR00001##
and [0009] b) a secondary alcohol ethoxylate of Formula (II)
##STR00002##
[0009] wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are linear alkyl groups each
having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 1 to
20.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is a ternary diagram.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Definitions
[0011] The numerical ranges in this disclosure are approximate, and
thus may include values outside of the range unless otherwise
indicated. Numerical ranges include all values from and including
the lower and the upper values, in increments of one unit, provided
that there is a separation of at least two units between any lower
value and any higher value. As an example, if a compositional,
physical or other property, such as, for example, molecular weight,
etc., is from 100 to 1,000, then all individual values, such as
100, 101, 102, etc., and sub ranges, such as 100 to 144, 155 to
170, 197 to 200, etc., are expressly enumerated. For ranges
containing values which are less than one or containing fractional
numbers greater than one (e.g., 1.1, 1.5, etc.), one unit is
considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01 or 0.1, as appropriate. For
ranges containing single digit numbers less than ten (e.g., 1 to
5), one unit is typically considered to be 0.1. These are only
examples of what is specifically intended, and all possible
combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the
highest value enumerated, are to be considered to be expressly
stated in this disclosure.
Composition
[0012] The present disclosure provides a surfactant composition
comprising a primary branched nonionic surfactant and a secondary
alcohol ethoxylate.
Primary Branched Nonionic Surfactant
[0013] The composition of the present disclosure includes at least
one primary branched nonionic surfactant of Formula (I)
##STR00003##
wherein x is an integer from 1 to 11, y is an integer from 0 to 25,
R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (i.e.,
C.sub.1-C.sub.5), and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group having 3 to 7
carbon atoms (C.sub.3-C.sub.7). Preferably x is from 4 to 6, more
preferably x is 5. Preferably y is from 1 to 20, more preferably y
is 6 or 9. Preferably R.sub.1 is ethyl (C.sub.2) or propyl
(C.sub.3). Preferably R.sub.2 is butyl (C.sub.4) or pentyl
(C.sub.5).
[0014] In an embodiment, the primary branched nonionic surfactant
is a 2-ethyl hexanol alkoxylate, wherein R.sub.1 is ethyl, R.sub.2
is butyl, x is from 3 to 6 and y is from 6 to 10.
[0015] In an embodiment, the composition comprises a first primary
branched nonionic surfactant (NS-1) and a second primary branched
nonionic surfactant (NS-2). In an embodiment, the ratio of the
first primary branched nonionic surfactant to the second primary
branched nonionic surfactant is from 4:1 to 1:4, for example 1:1.
In an embodiment, the first primary branched nonionic surfactant
(NS-1) is of Formula I wherein x is from 3 to 6 and y is from 6 to
10, R.sub.1 is ethyl, and R.sub.2 is butyl. In an embodiment the
second primary branched nonionic surfactant (NS-2) is of Formula I
wherein x is from 3 to 6, y is from 6 to 10, R.sub.1 is ethyl, and
R.sub.2 is butyl, wherein x or y is different from that of x or y
in NS-1.
Secondary Alcohol Ethoxylate
[0016] The composition of the present disclosure also includes a
secondary alcohol ethoxylate of Formula (II):
##STR00004##
wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are linear alkyl groups each having
from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 1 to 20. In an
embodiment, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are linear alkyl groups each having
from 5 to 7 carbon atoms.
[0017] In an embodiment, the secondary alcohol ethoxylate is an
alkylene oxypolyethylenoxyethanol wherein the alkylene has ten to
fifteen (C.sub.10-16) carbon atoms and the number of repeating
ethoxylate groups is from 1 to 20. In an embodiment, the number of
repeating ethoxylate units is 15.
[0018] In the composition, the ratio of the primary branched
nonionic surfactant to the secondary alcohol ethoxylate may be from
2:1 to 1:20, for example from 2:1 to 1:10, for example from 2:1 to
1:4.
[0019] The composition when blended without the addition of less
than 10% water may be provided to the end user as a solid or
semi-solid blend.
Solution
[0020] The disclosure further provides an aqueous surfactant
solution comprising the surfactant composition, water and optional
additives. The solutions of the present disclosure are made by
methods known to one skilled in the art. Typically, the nonionic
surfactant and secondary alcohol ethoxylate are mixed in the
presence of water to form the solution.
[0021] The surfactant composition may be manufactured and sold as a
solution concentrate. A typical concentrate is delivered to the end
user who then dilutes the concentrate with water to produce a final
working solution. The surfactant solution may be manufactured and
sold as a stable liquid concentrate comprising 60 to 90 wt % of the
composition in water.
Additives
[0022] A typical concentrate is delivered to the end user who then
further dilutes the concentrate with water and adds other actives
to produce a final working solution. The solution of the present
disclosure may include additives such as a fragrance compound,
alkaline agents such as sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate,
silicates, chelants, amines, antioxidants, pigments, salts,
dispersants, water soluble polymers, and enzymes.
[0023] Additives can be incorporated into the composition in
amounts known to those skilled in the art for their intended
purpose.
Applications
[0024] In addition to hard surface cleaning, the disclosed
composition and solution may be used in a wide variety of
applications, including but not limited to, air care products,
textile processing, oil and gas, agricultural formulations,
coatings, adhesives, emulsion polymerization, plastic additives,
emulsifiers, and coupling agents where compatibility and
temperature stability is required for the application.
[0025] The solutions of the present disclosure provide
compatibility with fragrance compounds while maintaining a unique
shelf stability at or greater than 60.degree. C., which is not
typical of standard surfactants in the industry.
SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
[0026] The surfactant concentrates, as represented by the
compositions described above, are stable blends that upon dilution
with other industry accepted additives including water, solvent,
chelants, and perfumes, provide improved cleaning performance that
is characterized by excellent filming and streaking comparable to
alkyl polyglucoside-based formulations while providing
significantly better degreasing performance than alkyl
polyglucoside-based formulations. The present composition of
surfactants also provides an unexpected and significant improvement
in degreasing capability relative to any of the single components
or subsets of the disclosed compositions. Although degreasing is a
general attribute that is typical of high performance nonionic
surfactants, one expects performance variation that is dependent on
the specific hydrophobes selected and alkoxylation patterns
utilized. Although each component of this composition was optimized
on an individual basis, the new compositions show a significant
synergistic improvement in cleaning as characterized by an improved
degreasing ability and decrease in visual residue that may be left
on the surface. This unexpected synergy in cleaning performance is
clearly demonstrated in the data provided which shows compositions
that provide the unexpected synergy, are similar to an individual
component, or fail any of several performance criteria.
Testing Methods
Stability Testing
[0027] Approximately 5 milliliters (ml) of the cleaning formulation
was placed in each of three small glass vials which were capped.
Three vials were prepared per composition to allow for testing at
different temperatures. One vial was placed in an oven at
60.degree. C. for a minimum of 3 hours, one vial was cooled at
20.degree. C. for a minimum of 3 hours, and one vial was placed in
a freezer at 5.degree. C. for 16 hours in the freezer followed by 8
hours at room temperature for 3 days. The solutions were then
brought back to room temperature naturally and given one to two
shakes. A sample was deemed stable if the formulation maintained a
homogeneous appearance and no visible layering at all three
temperatures essentially forever (i.e., the solution was not deemed
stable if at any time the solution formed layering or gels).
[0028] At each temperature, a sample was analyzed to determine
whether it was clear, hazy or cloudy. A piece of paper with black
text was placed behind the vial at issue. If the black text was
clear through the solution, then the solution was deemed clear. If
the text could not be seen at all, the solution was deemed cloudy.
If the writing could be seen but was not vibrant black, the
solution was deemed hazy.
Filming and Streaking Testing
[0029] Filming and streaking tests were performed on glass tiles to
test the residue left by the cleaning formulation. Ten drops in a
circular pattern were applied to a glass tile and wiped with a
folded piece of clean cheese cloth with five passes. No downward
pressure was applied on the tile, only pressure to create a back
and forth motion. The tiles were left to dry for thirty minutes.
The tiles were rated on a scale of 1-10 for both filming and
streaking compared to standards. A standard using Windex.TM. was
used as a rating of 1 for both filming and streaking. A standard of
Fantastik.TM. was used as a standard rating of 10 for both filming
and streaking. The rating of the samples was performed by visual
inspection by the same operator each time.
Hard Surface Cleaning
[0030] The hard surface cleaning power of the cleaning formulations
were tested by the removal of soil from a vinyl tile. Vinyl tiles
were cut to match the sample size of 11.5 centimeter (cm) by 7.5
cm. 500 microliters (.mu.l) of 3% carbon black brazil soil was
applied to the grooved side of the tile using a foam applicator.
The tiles were set to dry for approximately twenty-four hours. The
tiles were then placed in a Spring Compression Device (SCiD) with
24 independent test wells and set on the orbital shaker. 400
microliters of the cleaning formulations were dispensed into each
well along with one carpeted scrubbie and the samples were run on
the shaker for five minutes. For each sample, three wells were
tested and the results were averaged. The samples were scanned into
the computer and analyzed by the ImageJ software manufactured by
The Dow Chemical Company. The cleaning power of the formulations
was measured by the average of the gray value of the three wells. A
higher gray value corresponds to a lighter circle and a higher
cleaning power. A lower gray value corresponds to a darker circle
and a lower cleaning power.
Cloud Point Determination
[0031] The cloud point is the temperature at which a previously
clear, single-phase substance becomes cloudy owning to the
appearance of a second phase. The cloudiness lowers the
transmittance. The cloud point was determined by ASTM D 2024 using
the Mettler FP90 Cloud Point System.
Viscosity
[0032] Viscosity was measured according to ASTM D 445, the standard
test method of kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque
liquids, and ASTD D 7042, the standard test method for dynamic
viscosity and density of liquids by Stabinger Viscometer.
Pour Point
[0033] Pour points refer to the lowest temperature at which a
liquid will flow. The pour point was measured using a MPP 5Gs Pour
Point Instrument.
Contact Angle Testing
[0034] The contact angle was measured using the KRUSS DSA-100.
Equilibrium Surface Tension & Critical Miscellization
Concentration (CMC)
[0035] CMC is defined as the concentration of surfactants above
which micelles are spontaneously formed. Surfactants work best at
concentrations above their CMC value. The CMC measured by a Kruss
Model 100 Surface Tensiometer.
[0036] Two compositions were prepared as Blends 1 and 2. NS-1 is a
nonionic surfactant of Formula I wherein R.sub.1 is ethyl, R.sub.2
is butyl, x is 5 and y is 6. NS-2 is a nonionic surfactant of
Formula I wherein R.sub.1 is ethyl, R.sub.2 is butyl, x is 5, and y
is 9. SAE is a secondary alcohol ethoxylate of Formula II wherein
R.sub.3 is pentyl and R.sub.4 is heptyl. As shown in Table 1, Blend
1 comprises 33.33% NS-1, 33.33% NS-2 and 33.33% SAE. Blend 2
comprises 25.0% NS-1, 25.0% NS-2 and 50.0% SAE.
[0037] The blends were prepared by adding NS-1 and NS-2 to the SAE
at 40.degree. C. Deionized water was added to the warm surfactant
blend as described in Table 2 and the solutions were cooled to
ambient temperature and stored.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Percent Compositions of Blends 1 and 2 NS-1
NS-2 SAE Blend 1 33.33% 33.33% 33.33% Blend 2 25.0% 25.0% 50.0%
[0038] Table 2 presents the viscosity and pour point data for
Blends 1 and 2 in various concentrations.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Viscosity and Pour Point Data Viscosity @ 25
C. Pour Point Sample (cSt) (.degree. C.) 100% Blend 1 Unable to
Measure 15.0 90% Blend 1 & 10% Water 135.32 -9.0 80% Blend 1
& 20% Water 189.12 -30.0 70% Blend 1 & 30% Water Not
Stable* -36.0 60% Blend 1 & 40% Water 389.94 15.0 50% Blend 1
& 50% Water Gel 39.0 40% Blend 1 & 60% Water 224.65 -15.0
30% Blend 1 & 70% Water 36.27 -15.0 20% Blend 1 & 80% Water
6.50 -15.0 10% Blend 1 & 90% Water 1.93 -18.0 100% Blend 2
Unable to Measure 21.0 90% Blend 2 & 10% Water 142.29 0.0 80%
Blend 2 & 20% Water 195.52 -21.0 70% Blend 2 & 30% Water
295.15 -39.0 60% Blend 2 & 40% Water Gel 30.0 50% Blend 2 &
50% Water Gel 48.0 40% Blend 2 & 60% Water 240.41 -18.0 30%
Blend 2 & 70% Water 38.95 -15.0 20% Blend 2 & 80% Water
6.91 -15.0 10% Blend 2 & 90% Water 1.96 -12.0 *Not stable
indicates the instrument would not stabilize due to entrained air
bubbles.
[0039] FIG. 1 is a ternary diagram indicating the optimal weight
percents of SAE, NS-1 and NS-2 to result in a stable
composition.
[0040] Table 3 demonstrates cloud point data, critical miscelle
concentration data, contact angle data, and equilibrium surface
tension data for Blends 1 and 2 compared to compositions of NS-1,
NS-2 and SAE alone.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Cloud Point, Critical Miscelle
Concentration, Contact Angle, and Equilibrium Surface Tension Data
Contact Cloud Contact Angle Angle Surface Point CMC on Teflon on
Parafilm Tension (.degree. C.) (ppm) (degrees) (degrees) (dynes/cm)
Blend 1 70.2 568 67.9 58.6 31 Blend 2 78.9 428 64.2 51.2 31 NS-1
40.0 914 68.1 58.9 30 NS-2 61.0 1066 83.2 63.9 31 SAE >100 126
84.4 70.0 36
[0041] The cloud point is the temperature above which a 1 wt %
aqueous solution of a water-soluble nonionic surfactant becomes
turbid. Blend 2 has a lower contact angle than solutions comprising
only NS-1, NS-2 or SAE, which indicates a better ability to wet a
surface.
[0042] Table 4 demonstrates performance data for various
compositions. The solutions were prepared by the weight percents
indicated in Table 4 such that the final solutions were 100 g.
HEIDA is N-(2-hydroxyethylliminodiacetic acid), disodium salt, 28%
active available from The Dow Chemical Company. DiPA is
diisopropanol amine available from The Dow Chemical Company.
DOWANOL DPnP is dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether commercially
available from The Dow Chemical Company.
[0043] Samples 1-20 in Table 4 all demonstrated a "clear" solution
at 20.degree. C. The pH of samples 1-20 was 12.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Formulation and Performance Data HEIDA DPnP
DiPA SAE NS-1 NS-2 NaOH Water Filming Streaking SCiD 60 C. 5 C. 1
0.50% 1.00% 0.50% 0.80% -- 0.20% 0.20% 96.80% 6 7 74.82723 Clear
Clear 2 0.50% 1.00% 0.50% 0.80% 0.10% 0.10% 0.20% 96.80% 6 8
85.24714 Clear Clear 3 0.50% 1.00% 0.50% 0.60% 0.40% -- 0.20%
96.80% 7 8 88.21025 Clear Clear 4 0.50% 1.00% 0.50% 0.60% 0.20%
0.20% 0.20% 96.80% 6 8 73.0516 Clear Clear 5 0.50% 1.00% 0.50%
0.50% 0.10% 0.40% 0.20% 96.80% 7 8 58.51548 Clear Clear 6 0.50%
1.00% 0.50% 0.40% 0.60% -- 0.20% 96.80% 7 9 75.48935 Clear Clear 7
0.50% 1.00% 0.50% -- 0.40% 0.20% 0.20% 96.80% 5 7 109.664 Cloudy
Clear 8 0.50% 1.00% 0.50% 0.33% -- 0.66% 0.20% 96.80% 7 9 77.33183
Clear Clear 9 0.50% 1.00% 0.50% 0.20% 0.80% -- 0.20% 96.80% 6 9
115.5952 Cloudy Clear 10 0.50% 1.00% 0.50% 0.10% 0.45% 0.45% 0.20%
96.80% 6 9 104.6024 Cloudy Clear 11 1.00% 2.00% 1.00% 0.80% --
0.20% 0.20% 94.80% 5 7 66.85256 Clear Clear 12 1.00% 2.00% 1.00%
0.80% 0.10% 0.10% 0.20% 94.80% 5 7 66.5723 Clear Clear 13 1.00%
2.00% 1.00% 0.60% 0.40% -- 0.20% 94.80% 6 8 75.14685 Clear Clear 14
1.00% 2.00% 1.00% 0.60% 0.20% 0.20% 0.20% 94.80% 6 8 72.74891 Clear
Clear 15 1.00% 2.00% 1.00% 0.50% 0.10% 0.40% 0.20% 94.80% 6 8
77.25292 Clear Clear 16 1.00% 2.00% 1.00% 0.40% 0.60% -- 0.20%
94.80% 7 9 85.21827 Cloudy Clear 17 1.00% 2.00% 1.00% -- 0.40%
0.20% 0.20% 94.80% 8 9 104.4742 Cloudy Clear 18 1.00% 2.00% 1.00%
0.33% -- 0.66% 0.20% 94.80% 7 8 82.03111 Clear Clear 19 1.00% 2.00%
1.00% 0.20% 0.80% -- 0.20% 94.80% 8 9 116.6918 Cloudy Clear 20
1.00% 2.00% 1.00% 0.10% 0.45% 0.45% 0.20% 94.80% 8 8 117.0801
Cloudy Clear
[0044] Table 5 presents compositions coupled with a fragrance
compound in the presence of secondary alcohol ethoxylate compared
to primary alcohol ethoxylates. Both linear and branched primary
alcohol ethoxylates Neodol 25-7, Neodol 45-7 (available from Shell
Chemicals), Lutensol XP60, and Lutensol XP-70 (available from BASF)
failed to effectively couple fragrance materials whereas the
secondary alcohol ethoxylates were effective at coupling fragrance
materials, as indicated by the stable compositions over a range of
temperatures.
[0045] The compositions in Table 5 all comprise 1 wt % HEIDA, 0.50
wt % DiPA, 0.20 wt % NaOH, 2.0 wt % DPnP, and 0.5% Outdoor
fragrance (available from Firmenich). Table 6 presents the percent
compositions of Surfactants A-F in Table 5. Filming and streaking
performance was not measured if the solution was not clear at
20.degree. C.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Performance Data Surfactant Amount Water
Filming Streaking Avg Grey Values 20.degree. C. 60.degree. C.
5.degree. C. A 1.00% 95.30% 5 5 78.44 Clear Clear Clear A 2.00%
94.30% 7 8 88.45 Clear Clear Clear B 1.00% 95.30% 6 6 128.94 Clear
Cloudy Clear B 2.00% 94.30% 8 8 144.57 Clear Cloudy Clear C 1.00%
95.30% 6 5 91.58 Clear Clear Clear C 2.00% 94.30% 8 9 108.56 Clear
Clear Clear D 1.00% 95.30% 6 7 108.19 Clear Clear Clear D 2.00%
94.30% 8 9 119.55 Clear Clear Clear E 1.00% 95.30% 5 5 121.42 Clear
Cloudy Clear E 2.00% 94.30% 8 8 140.09 Clear Hazy Clear F 1.00%
95.30% 7 7 97.31 Clear Clear Clear F 2.00% 94.30% 7 8 95.58 Clear
Clear Clear G 1.00% 95.30% 6 8 109.72 Clear Clear Clear G 2.00%
94.30% 8 10 125.38 Clear Clear Clear H 1.00% 95.30% 7 7 138.76
Clear Hazy Clear H 2.00% 94.30% 8 7 143.15 Clear Hazy Clear I 1.00%
95.30% 8 8 134.32 Clear Cloudy Clear I 2.00% 94.30% 8 9 137.98
Clear Cloudy Clear J 1.00% 95.30% 6 8 79.19 Clear Clear Clear J
2.00% 94.30% 7 7 83.32 Clear Clear Clear K 1.00% 95.30% 8 8 143.48
Clear Cloudy Clear K 2.00% 94.30% 9 9 146.56 Clear Cloudy Clear L
1.00% 95.30% 7 8 119.20 Clear Clear Clear L 2.00% 94.30% 8 9 134.97
Clear Clear Clear Neodol 1.00% 95.30% 8 8 133.89 Clear Cloudy Clear
25-7 Neodol 2.00% 94.30% 9 5 144.47 Clear Cloudy Hazy 25-7 Neodol
1.00% 95.30% 9 4 100.85 Clear Cloudy Cloudy 45-7 Neodol 2.00%
94.30% 9 3 125.43 Clear Cloudy Cloudy 45-7 Lutensol 1.00% 95.30% X
X 145.95 Hazy Cloudy Hazy XP-60 Lutensol 2.00% 94.30% X X 142.28
Hazy Cloudy Hazy XP-60 Lutensol 1.00% 95.30% X X 150.43 Clear
Cloudy Clear XP-70 Lutensol 2.00% 94.30% X X 151.99 Clear Cloudy
Clear XP-70
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Surfactant Compositions used in Table 5
Surfactant SAE NS-1 NS-2 A 67.00% 17.00% 17.00% B 0.00% 50.00%
50.00% C 33.00% 33.00% 33.00% D 50.00% 50.00% 0.00% E 17.00% 17.00%
67.00% F 50.00% 25.00% 25.00% G 50.00% 0.00% 50.00% H 0.00% 0.00%
100.00% I 17.00% 67.00% 17.00% J 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% K 0.00%
100.00% 0.00% L 50.00% 25.00% 25.00%
* * * * *