U.S. patent application number 14/180274 was filed with the patent office on 2014-10-16 for system and method for qualitative indication of cumulative wear status.
The applicant listed for this patent is VEEDIMS, LLC. Invention is credited to WALTER S. HAUCK, III.
Application Number | 20140306837 14/180274 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51686418 |
Filed Date | 2014-10-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140306837 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
HAUCK, III; WALTER S. |
October 16, 2014 |
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR QUALITATIVE INDICATION OF CUMULATIVE WEAR
STATUS
Abstract
A method for the determination and qualitative indication of
cumulative wear status of a complex system having a plurality of
individual components, comprises the following steps: measuring a
plurality of parameters corresponding to the usage status of a
plurality of individual components in a system; storing the values
of the measured parameters; weighting the values of the measured
parameters according to a predetermined formula; calculating a
single value from the predetermined formula; and displaying a
single indicator indicative of the qualitative wear status of the
overall system.
Inventors: |
HAUCK, III; WALTER S.;
(MADISON, NJ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
VEEDIMS, LLC |
Fort Lauderdale |
FL |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
51686418 |
Appl. No.: |
14/180274 |
Filed: |
February 13, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61764528 |
Feb 13, 2013 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/984 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63B 71/00 20200101 |
Class at
Publication: |
340/984 |
International
Class: |
B63B 45/00 20060101
B63B045/00 |
Claims
1. A method for the determination and qualitative indication of
cumulative wear status of a complex system having a plurality of
individual components, the method comprising the following steps:
measuring a plurality of parameters corresponding to the usage
status of a plurality of individual components in a system, wherein
each particular one of the plurality of parameters corresponds to
the usage status of a particular one of the plurality of individual
components; storing the values of the measured plurality of
parameters; weighting the values of the measured plurality of
parameters according to at least a first predetermined formula to
create a plurality of weighted values; calculating a single wear
value from the plurality of weighted values using another
predetermined formula, which is different from the predetermined
formulas used to create the plurality of weighted values; and
displaying a single indicator indicative of the qualitative wear
status of the overall system.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the single indicator
indicative of the qualitative wear status of the overall system is
a numeric value with the range from V.sub.min to V.sub.max, where
V.sub.min is an arbitrarily selected minimum value and V.sub.max is
an arbitrarily selected maximum value.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein neither V.sub.min nor
V.sub.max directly correlates to any actual cumulative quantitative
value of use or wear for the plurality of individual
components.
4. A method according to claim 2, wherein neither V.sub.min nor
V.sub.max directly correlates to any actual cumulative quantitative
number of activations or cycles for the plurality of individual
components.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the single indicator
indicative of the qualitative wear status of the overall system is
a displayed color selected from a predetermined finite set of
colors.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the displayed color is a
color selected from the set consisting of green, orange and
red.
7. A method according to claim 5, wherein the displayed color is a
color selected from the set consisting of green, yellow and
red.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the individual component
is an accelerometer and the particular one of the plurality of
parameters corresponding to the usage status is the occurrence of
either (i) 80% of peak measured acceleration or (ii) 100% of
accelerometer scale.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the individual component
is a hull and the particular one of the plurality of parameters
corresponding to the usage status is the occurrence of a large
difference in accelerometer measurements between a bow portion of
the hull to a stern portion of the hull.
10. A method according to claim 1, wherein the individual component
is an engine having a variable engine oil temperature and a
variable engine oil pressure and the particular one of the
plurality of parameters corresponding to the usage status is the
occurrence of (i) a high engine oil temperature at the same time as
(ii) a low engine oil pressure.
11. A method according to claim 1, wherein the individual component
is an engine having a variable engine RPM value and a maximum
engine RPM redline value and the particular one of the plurality of
parameters corresponding to the usage status is the occurrence of
(i) the engine RPM value being at or above (ii) the maximum engine
RPM redline value.
12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the individual component
is an engine having an engine temperature and the particular one of
the plurality of parameters corresponding to the usage status is
the occurrence of (i) a significant number of engine temperature
fluctuations.
13. A method according to claim 1, wherein the complex system is a
boat or ship.
14. A method according to claim 1, wherein the complex system is an
automobile.
15. A method according to claim 1, wherein the complex system is an
airplane.
16. A method according to claim 1, wherein: the system transmits
parameter values via a data network between the system and a remote
device; and the qualitative indication of cumulative wear status is
displayed on the remote device.
17. A method according to claim 7, wherein the remote device is a
mobile device.
18. A method according to claim 8, wherein the mobile device is a
smartphone or tablet device.
19. A method for execution on a computing device for the
determination and qualitative indication of cumulative wear status
of a complex system having a plurality of individual components,
the computing device having a processor, a display device
operatively coupled to the processor, a memory operatively coupled
to the processor, and a signal interface operatively coupled to the
processor for receiving signals from sensors in the complex system,
the method comprising the following steps: measuring, using a
processor and a signal interface operatively coupled to the
processor for receiving signals from sensors in a complex system, a
plurality of parameters corresponding to the usage status of a
plurality of individual components in a system, wherein each
particular one of the plurality of parameters corresponds to the
usage status of a particular one of the plurality of individual
components; storing, using a memory operatively coupled to the
processor, the values of the measured plurality of parameters;
weighting, using the processor and the memory, the values of the
measured plurality of parameters according to at least a first
predetermined formula to create a plurality of weighted values;
calculating, using the processor, a single wear value from the
plurality of weighted values using another predetermined formula,
which is different from the predetermined formulas used to create
the plurality of weighted values; and displaying, using a display
device operatively coupled to the processor, a single indicator
indicative of the qualitative wear status of the overall
system.
20. A system for the determination and qualitative indication of
cumulative wear status of a complex system having a plurality of
individual components, the system comprising: a computing device
having a processor, a display device operatively coupled to the
processor, a memory operatively coupled to the processor, and a
signal interface operatively coupled to the processor for receiving
signals from sensors in a complex system, the processor and the
signal interface being operable to measure a plurality of
parameters corresponding to the usage status of a plurality of
individual components in a system, wherein each particular one of
the plurality of parameters corresponds to the usage status of a
particular one of the plurality of individual components; the
memory being operable to store the values of the measured plurality
of parameters; the processor and the memory being operable to
weight the values of the measured plurality of parameters according
to at least a first predetermined formula to create a plurality of
weighted values; the processor being operable to calculate a single
wear value from the plurality of weighted values using another
predetermined formula, which is different from the predetermined
formulas used to create the plurality of weighted values; and the
display device being operable to display a single indicator
indicative of the qualitative wear status of the overall system.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/764,528, filed Feb. 13, 2013, entitled SYSTEM
AND METHOD FOR QUALITATIVE INDICATION OF CUMULATIVE WEAR STATUS
(Atty. Dkt. No. VLLC-31589), which is herein incorporated by
reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The following disclosure relates to systems and methods for
the determination and qualitative indication of cumulative wear
status of complex systems, in particular, of systems such as those
found on vehicles including boats, automobiles, trucks, trains and
aircraft.
BACKGROUND
[0003] It is known to estimate the wear on the individual
components of a complex system by the measurement of certain
macro-level parameters correlated to wear. For example, the wear on
an engine may be estimated by measuring the cumulative hours of
running time, the wear on a pump may be estimated by measuring the
cumulative gallons transferred, and the wear on a switch may be
estimated by measuring the cumulative number of activations. In
some cases, these quantitative measurements may be directly
displayed as an indication of component wear. In other cases, the
quantitative measurements may be used in conjunction with empirical
data to display an indirect indication of component wear, which
indication may be either quantitative or qualitative.
[0004] Complex systems such as those found in vehicles including,
but not limited to boats, automobiles, trucks, trains and aircraft
may have tens or even hundreds of large components (e.g., engines,
motors, generators, pumps, valves, etc.) and hundreds or even
thousands of smaller components (e.g., doors, switches, lights,
sensors, etc.). It may therefore become impractical to display the
wear status of each individual component. Further, even if the wear
status of each individual component is displayed, the typical user
cannot easily assimilate and evaluate such data to obtain
meaningful insight into the wear status of the overall system. In
other words, the user cannot easily assess the qualitative "wear
and tear" on the system. Such assessments can be useful for a
number of reasons, e.g., to determine system fitness or readiness
for a particular task, to determine system value (i.e., for
purchase or sale), or to assist in the scheduling of preventive
maintenance. A need therefore exists, for systems and methods for
determining and/or qualitatively indicating the cumulative wear
status (i.e., "wear and tear") of complex systems.
SUMMARY
[0005] In one aspect thereof, a method for the determination and
qualitative indication of cumulative wear status of a complex
system having a plurality of individual components, comprises the
following steps: measuring a plurality of parameters corresponding
to the usage status of a plurality of individual components in a
system; storing the values of the measured parameters; weighting
the values of the measured parameters according to a predetermined
formula; calculating a single value from the predetermined formula;
and displaying a single indicator indicative of the qualitative
wear status of the overall system.
[0006] In another aspect thereof, a method for the determination
and qualitative indication of cumulative wear status of a complex
system having a plurality of individual components comprises the
following steps: measuring a plurality of parameters corresponding
to the usage status of a plurality of individual components in a
system, wherein each particular one of the plurality of parameters
corresponds to the usage status of a particular one of the
plurality of individual components; storing the values of the
measured plurality of parameters; weighting the values of the
measured plurality of parameters according to at least a first
predetermined formula to create a plurality of weighted values;
calculating a single wear value from the plurality of weighted
values using another predetermined formula, which is different from
the predetermined formulas used to create the plurality of weighted
values; and displaying a single indicator indicative of the
qualitative wear status of the overall system.
[0007] In one embodiment, the single indicator indicative of the
qualitative wear status of the overall system is a numeric value
with the range from V.sub.min to V.sub.max, where V.sub.min is an
arbitrarily selected minimum value and V.sub.max is an arbitrarily
selected maximum value.
[0008] In another embodiment, neither V.sub.min nor V.sub.max
directly correlates to any actual cumulative quantitative value of
use or wear for the plurality of individual components.
[0009] In still another embedment, neither V.sub.min nor V.sub.max
directly correlates to any actual cumulative quantitative number of
activations or cycles for the plurality of individual
components.
[0010] In a further embodiment, the single indicator indicative of
the qualitative wear status of the overall system is a displayed
color selected from a predetermined finite set of colors.
[0011] In another embodiment, the displayed color is a color
selected from the set consisting of green, orange and red.
[0012] In yet another embodiment, the displayed color is a color
selected from the set consisting of green, yellow and red.
[0013] In another embodiment, the individual component is an
accelerometer and the particular one of the plurality of parameters
corresponding to the usage status is the occurrence of either (i)
80% of peak measured acceleration or (ii) 100% of accelerometer
scale.
[0014] In still another embodiment, the individual component is a
hull and the particular one of the plurality of parameters
corresponding to the usage status is the occurrence of a large
difference in accelerometer measurements between a bow portion of
the hull to a stern portion of the hull.
[0015] In a further embodiment, the individual component is an
engine having a variable engine oil temperature and a variable
engine oil pressure and the particular one of the plurality of
parameters corresponding to the usage status is the occurrence of
(i) a high engine oil temperature at the same time as (ii) a low
engine oil pressure.
[0016] In another embodiment, the individual component is an engine
having a variable engine RPM value and a maximum engine RPM redline
value and the particular one of the plurality of parameters
corresponding to the usage status is the occurrence of (i) the
engine RPM value being at or above (ii) the maximum engine RPM
redline value.
[0017] In yet another embodiment, the individual component is an
engine having an engine temperature and the particular one of the
plurality of parameters corresponding to the usage status is the
occurrence of (i) a significant number of engine temperature
flucutations.
[0018] In another embodiment, the complex system is a boat or
ship.
[0019] In still another embodiment, the complex system is an
automobile.
[0020] In a further embodiment, the complex system is an
airplane.
[0021] In yet another embodiment, the system transmits parameter
values via a data network between the system and a remote device;
and the qualitative indication of cumulative wear status is
displayed on the remote device.
[0022] In still another embodiment, the remote device is a mobile
device.
[0023] In another embodiment, the mobile device is a smartphone or
tablet device.
[0024] In another aspect thereof, a method for execution on a
computing device for the determination and qualitative indication
of cumulative wear status of a complex system is provided. The
complex system has a plurality of individual components, and the
computing device has a processor, a display device operatively
coupled to the processor, a memory operatively coupled to the
processor, and a signal interface operatively coupled to the
processor for receiving signals from sensors in the complex system.
The method comprises the following steps: measuring, using a
processor and a signal interface operatively coupled to the
processor for receiving signals from sensors in a complex system, a
plurality of parameters corresponding to the usage status of a
plurality of individual components in a system, wherein each
particular one of the plurality of parameters corresponds to the
usage status of a particular one of the plurality of individual
components; storing, using a memory operatively coupled to the
processor, the values of the measured plurality of parameters;
weighting, using the processor and the memory, the values of the
measured plurality of parameters according to at least a first
predetermined formula to create a plurality of weighted values;
calculating, using the processor, a single wear value from the
plurality of weighted values using another predetermined formula,
which is different from the predetermined formulas used to create
the plurality of weighted values; and displaying, using a display
device operatively coupled to the processor, a single indicator
indicative of the qualitative wear status of the overall
system.
[0025] In still another aspect thereof, a system for the
determination and qualitative indication of cumulative wear status
of a complex system is provided, the complex system having a
plurality of individual components. The system comprises: a
computing device having a processor, a display device operatively
coupled to the processor, a memory operatively coupled to the
processor, and a signal interface operatively coupled to the
processor for receiving signals from sensors in a complex system.
The processor and the signal interface are operable to measure a
plurality of parameters corresponding to the usage status of a
plurality of individual components in a system, wherein each
particular one of the plurality of parameters corresponds to the
usage status of a particular one of the plurality of individual
components. The memory is operable to store the values of the
measured plurality of parameters. The processor and the memory are
operable to weight the values of the measured plurality of
parameters according to at least a first predetermined formula to
create a plurality of weighted values. The processor is operable to
calculate a single wear value from the plurality of weighted values
using another predetermined formula, which is different from the
predetermined formulas used to create the plurality of weighted
values. The display device is operable to display a single
indicator indicative of the qualitative wear status of the overall
system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] For a more complete understanding, reference is now made to
the following description taken in conjunction with the
accompanying Drawings in which:
[0027] FIG. 1 shows a boat status display screen for a computer
including a system wear indicator in accordance with one aspect of
the invention;
[0028] FIG. 2 shows a boat status display screen for a mobile
device including a system wear indicator in accordance with another
aspect of the invention;
[0029] FIG. 3 shows another display screen for the mobile device of
FIG. 2;
[0030] FIG. 4 shows another display screen for the mobile device
including a system wear indicator;
[0031] FIG. 5 shows a boat control screen for a mobile device in
accordance with yet another aspect of the invention; and
[0032] FIG. 6 shows another display screen for the mobile device of
FIG. 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a boat status
display screen for a computer including a system wear indicator in
accordance with one aspect of the invention. The display screen 100
may be a conventional screen (i.e., used with a mouse or other
pointing device) or it may be a touch-activated screen ("touch
screen"). The screen 100 may include one or more menu buttons 102
for selecting additional screens. The screen 100 may include a main
information section 104 including indicators for fuel consumption
106, distance traveled since last trip 108, estimated miles to go
110, and a cumulative wear status indicator 112. The screen 100 may
further include a fuel information section 114 including individual
indicators 116 for displaying the fuel levels in individual fuel
tanks
[0034] The wear status indicator 112 in this embodiment is titled
"Wear and Tear Score" (also "Wear&Tear" or "W&T"). The wear
status system and method of this embodiment may collect more than
one hundred data parameters from engines, fuel systems, stability
systems (bilge, trim tabs) and, importantly, vibration sensors on
all modular endpoints incorporated into the system. The wear status
indicator 112 may display a numeric value 118 for the qualitative
indication of cumulative wear status. The Wear&Tear Score 118
in this embodiment uses twenty operating parameters to assess the
impact of operating behavior on a population of similar vessels. In
other embodiments, different numbers of operating parameters may be
used to assess the Wear&Tear Score 118. The score 118 is
different from other scores because it measures data from across
the operating systems in the vessel, not just a few.
[0035] The Wear&Tear score 118 in a system according to the
invention may range from an arbitrarily selected maximum value
("V.sub.max") to an arbitrarily selected minimum value
("V.sub.min"), wherein V.sub.max and V.sub.min are considered
arbitrary because they do not directly correlate to any actual
cumulative quantitative value of use or wear for a component, nor
to any actual cumulative quantitative number of activations or
cycles for a component. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the system
Wear&Tear score 118 ranges from V.sub.min=0 (low wear and tear)
to V.sub.max=20 (very high wear and tear). Other ranges may be used
in other embodiments. While numeric, this score 118 may be
considered qualitative because it represents the quality of the
system rather than the measurement of the actual quantity or amount
of wear. In some embodiments, the Wear&Tear score 118 is
measured on a "per trip" basis, calculated as engine RPM moves
above "Idle" for extended periods of time. In some embodiments,
Wear&Tear scores 118 are weighted by operating time, so single
"bad" (i.e., high wear and tear) events slowly get averaged out of
the cumulative Wear&Tear score for the vessel.
[0036] As with other predictive measures of asset life, the
Wear&Tear score 118 weights some parameters highly and uses
others to confirm or change the weighting. In some embodiments for
use in boats, significant Wear&Tear data parameters include: 1)
accelerometer high events, i.e., both 80% of peak and 100%
accelerometer events (markers of use in very heavy conditions and
collision or grounding); 2) large accelerometer differences bow to
stern (marker of significant hull flex); 3) high engine oil
temperature combined with low engine oil pressure; 4) extended
engine RPM at or above rated redline; and/or 5) significant number
of engine temperature fluctuations. Supporting Wear&Tear score
parameters may include: 1) total engine operating time; 2) total
operating time for pumps; and, to a lesser degree, 3) total vehicle
operating events (switch changes, winch time, etc.). In some
embodiments, the Wear&Tear score 118 may also account for
engine maintenance actions.
[0037] In some embodiments, the system and method may report the
Wear&Tear score 118 and/or summaries of the W&T scores to
additional devices via a data network (e.g., a LAN, a vehicle
network, the Internet, etc.) using various communications
technology (e.g., twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, hybrid
twisted pair/coaxial cables, fiber optic networks, cellular
networks and/or Wi-Fi). The additional devices may be other
computers, servers and/or mobile devices such as smartphones,
tablets, and personal computers. The additional devices may display
W&T score(s) 118 or summaries of the scores.
[0038] Referring now to FIG. 2, there is illustrated a boat status
display system for a mobile device including a system wear
indicator in accordance with another aspect of the invention. The
display screen 200 of this embodiment is incorporated into a mobile
device application ("app") called "MyBoat". The application may be
run remotely from the monitored system (in this case, the boat) so
that the mobile device user can remotely monitor the system and
remotely display the system wear status indicator 210 and other
parameters. In other embodiments, the display screen may be
accessed and displayed on a remote computer, e.g., via the
Internet.
[0039] The screen 200 may include one or more menu buttons 202 for
selecting additional screens. The screens 200 may include a main
information section 204 including indicators for fuel consumption
206, time of last trip 208, and a cumulative wear status
("W&T") indicator 210. The screen 200 may further include a
fuel and battery information sections 212, 214.
[0040] The Wear&Tear score 210 in the system of this embodiment
is based on the same 0-20 scale as described in connection with
FIG. 1. However, in this embodiment, the W&T score 210 is
expressed in terms of three colors, namely green, orange and red.
In other embodiments, different colors and/or numbers of colors may
be used. In this embodiment, a W&T score of 7 or less displays
indicator 210 in "green", a W&T score of 8-14 displays
indicator 210 in "orange", and a W&T score of 15 or greater
displays indicator 210 in "red". Other ranges may be used in other
embodiments.
[0041] Example of Wear&Tear parameters and score formula:
TABLE-US-00001 Definition of Parameters: Notes: N: Engine Op time
(a sanity [Run mins on engine] check on odo-rollers) M: Min of
Engine Over Temp [TimeEQ(engine temp > hi temp] Accel abnormal
events J: 80% of peak (rough water) [TimeEQ(accel > hi peak] K:
100% of peak (grounding or [TimeEQ(accel > hi hi peak] collision
count) I: Time engine at max RPM [TimeEQ(engine rpm > hi hi
rpm]
Example W&T Score Formula
[0042] WT.sub.score=(1000K+5J+10I+50M)/N.
[0043] Example of Wear&Tear score calculation:
Example Data
TABLE-US-00002 [0044] Per Trip Test Data (mins) N 180 M 20 J 120 K
1 I 20 Resulting (calculated) WT.sub.score = 15
[0045] Referring now to FIGS. 3-6, there are illustrated additional
screens 300, 400, 500 and 600 of a mobile device according to
various embodiments. Referring in particular to FIG. 6, the screen
600 may displays historical data 602 regarding various system
parameters that were measured and used to calculate the cumulative
wear status indicator 210. In this embodiment, the recorded system
parameters include: 1) speed; 2) engine output-1; 3) engine
output-2; 4) engine output-3; 5) engine output-4; 6) acceleration;
and 7) engine output 5. In some embodiments, graphical
representations 604 of the recorded system parameters used for
determining the system wear indicator are provided.
[0046] It will be appreciated that methods in accordance with
embodiments of the invention may be implemented, performed and/or
executed on computing devices including, but not limited to
computers, tablet computers, smartphones, microcomputers or other
such devices. Such a computing device (not shown) may have a
processor, a display operatively coupled to the processor, a memory
operatively coupled to the processor, and a signal interface
operatively coupled to the processor for receiving signals from
sensors in the complex system.
[0047] When thus implemented, performed and/or executed on a
computing device, the method comprises the following steps:
measuring, using a processor and a signal interface operatively
coupled to the processor for receiving signals from sensors in a
complex system, a plurality of parameters corresponding to the
usage status of a plurality of individual components in a system,
wherein each particular one of the plurality of parameters
corresponds to the usage status of a particular one of the
plurality of individual components; storing, using a memory
operatively coupled to the processor, the values of the measured
plurality of parameters; weighting, using the processor and the
memory, the values of the measured plurality of parameters
according to at least a first predetermined formula to create a
plurality of weighted values; calculating, using the processor, a
single wear value from the plurality of weighted values using
another predetermined formula, which is different from the
predetermined formulas used to create the plurality of weighted
values; and displaying, using a display operatively coupled to the
processor, a single indicator indicative of the qualitative wear
status of the overall system. The single display indicator may be
any of the display indicators previously described.
[0048] In accordance with other aspects and embodiments, a system
for the determination and qualitative indication of cumulative wear
status of a complex system may be provided. In one embodiment, the
system 100 comprises: a computing device having a processor, a
display device operatively coupled to the processor, a memory
operatively coupled to the processor, and a signal interface
operatively coupled to the processor for receiving signals from
sensors in a complex system. The processor and the signal interface
are operable to measure a plurality of parameters corresponding to
the usage status of a plurality of individual components in a
system, wherein each particular one of the plurality of parameters
corresponds to the usage status of a particular one of the
plurality of individual components. The memory is operable to store
the values of the measured plurality of parameters. The processor
and the memory are operable to weight the values of the measured
plurality of parameters according to at least a first predetermined
formula to create a plurality of weighted values. The processor is
operable to calculate a single wear value from the plurality of
weighted values using another predetermined formula, which is
different from the predetermined formulas used to create the
plurality of weighted values. The display device is operable to
display a single indicator indicative of the qualitative wear
status of the overall system. The single display indicator may be
any of the display indicators previously described.
[0049] Although the preferred embodiment has been described in
detail in connection with a system for use on a boat, it will be
easily appreciated that other embodiments may be used for other
vehicle systems including automobiles, trucks, trains and
airplanes. Further, it should be understood that various changes,
substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the
appended claims.
* * * * *