U.S. patent application number 14/218911 was filed with the patent office on 2014-09-25 for continuously variable resistance exercise system.
The applicant listed for this patent is Dana V. Etter, Robert E. Etter, Roger G. Etter, Thomas A. Etter. Invention is credited to Dana V. Etter, Robert E. Etter, Roger G. Etter, Thomas A. Etter.
Application Number | 20140287876 14/218911 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51569545 |
Filed Date | 2014-09-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140287876 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Etter; Dana V. ; et
al. |
September 25, 2014 |
CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE RESISTANCE EXERCISE SYSTEM
Abstract
An exercise system adapted to provide a truly interactive level
of exercise with timed exercise intervals that are shown to be
optimal in various physiological studies. An example of this
invention provides the following unique features: (1)
electronically controlled, continuously variable resistance in the
positive stroke that responds to the user's efforts and varies the
resistance according to the user's current physiological needs; (2)
electronically controlled, continuously variable resistance force
in the negative stroke that incrementally overcomes the positive
muscle contraction and returns to the original position to complete
each repetition; and (3) a sophisticated feedback control system
that (a) monitors distance, time, and applied force by a user, (b)
systematically controls the resistance force to complete each
repetition in the specified time intervals, (c) maintains a smooth
transition throughout the range of motion, and (d) virtually
eliminates the variations of resistance caused by biomechanics,
friction, inertia, etc. As a result, an example of the present
invention provides the optimum in various types of exercise
programs, including but not limited to (1) muscle building, (2)
muscle toning, and (3) physical rehabilitation.
Inventors: |
Etter; Dana V.; (Brighton,
MI) ; Etter; Thomas A.; (Columbus, OH) ;
Etter; Robert E.; (Fairborn, OH) ; Etter; Roger
G.; (Delaware, OH) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Etter; Dana V.
Etter; Thomas A.
Etter; Robert E.
Etter; Roger G. |
Brighton
Columbus
Fairborn
Delaware |
MI
OH
OH
OH |
US
US
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
51569545 |
Appl. No.: |
14/218911 |
Filed: |
March 18, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61786865 |
Mar 15, 2013 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
482/5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 24/0087 20130101;
A63B 21/0058 20130101; A63B 2024/0093 20130101; A63B 2230/06
20130101; A63B 21/06 20130101; A63B 2220/20 20130101; A63B 21/008
20130101; A63B 21/002 20130101; A63B 2225/50 20130101; A63B 21/153
20130101; A63B 21/0085 20130101; A63B 2071/068 20130101; A63B
24/0062 20130101; A63B 2220/30 20130101; A63B 2024/0068 20130101;
A63B 2071/0081 20130101; A63B 2220/51 20130101; A63B 2071/0666
20130101; A63B 2225/20 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
482/5 |
International
Class: |
A63B 24/00 20060101
A63B024/00 |
Claims
1. An exercise system comprising: user interface(s), force sensing
device(s), electronic controller(s), force generating device(s), or
any combination thereof; said user interface(s) and said force
sensing device(s) adapted to provide information to said electronic
controller(s); said electronic controller(s) adapted to convert
said information to a continuously variable control signal for said
force generating device(s); and said force generating device(s)
adapted to provide variable resistance to a user such that muscle
contraction and muscle extension are completed in user specified
time intervals; wherein said system is adapted to allow said user
to exert force in one direction through desired repetitions and
optimally exercise an isolated muscle or muscle group.
2. A system of claim 1 wherein said user interface(s) comprise
grip(s), bar(s), pad(s), other exercise station(s), keypad(s),
keyboard(s), telephone(s), communication glasses, or any
combination thereof.
3. A system of claim 2 wherein: said communication glasses comprise
glasses that have communication capabilities to transfer data from
said microprocessor to said user; and said communication glasses
are selected from the group consisting of Google glasses, Apple
glasses, or any combination thereof.
4. A system of claim 2 wherein said telephone(s) comprise landline
or portable telephone(s) that have communication capabilities to
transfer data from said user to said microprocessor or vice
versa.
5. A system of claim 1 wherein said force sensing device(s)
comprise any device(s) adapted to measure and electronically
transmit in less than 5 seconds, preferably 10-100 milliseconds
information relating to (1) a force generated by the user, (2) a
force generated by the force generator system(s), or (3) any
combination thereof.
6. A system of claim 1 wherein said force sensing device(s)
comprise tensile force measuring systems, calibrated power
solenoids of known EMF density, or any combination thereof.
7. A system of claim 1 wherein said electronic controller(s)
comprise any device(s) adapted to be programmed to (1) receive user
and/or exercise data/preferences, (2) combine with measured input
parameters, (3) calculate a desired resistance force, and (4) send
a control signal to the resistance force generator in less than 5
seconds, preferably 10-100 milliseconds.
8. A system of claim 1 wherein said electronic controller(s)
comprise digital microprocessors, analog computers, piezoelectric
cells, or any combination thereof.
9. A system of claim 6 wherein said electronic controller(s) have
graphic display(s), portable data storage device(s), or any
combination thereof.
10. A system of claim 9 wherein said portable data storage
device(s) comprise magnetic cards, portable drives, USB drives, or
any combination thereof.
11. A system of claim 8 wherein said digital microprocessors
comprise programmable computer chips, programmable circuit boards,
PC computers, Apple computers, mobile computers, desk top
computers, computer tablets, or any combination thereof.
12. A system of claim 1 wherein said force generating device(s)
comprise any device adapted to provide force resistance to said
user that can be controlled electronically in time intervals less
than 5 seconds, preferably 10-100 milliseconds.
13. A system of claim 1 wherein said force generating device(s)
comprise motor(s), solenoid(s), power winch(es), engine(s),
hydraulic system(s), pneumatic system(s), or any combination
thereof.
14. An exercise system comprising: user interface(s), force sensing
device(s), electronic controller(s), force generating device(s),
force modification device(s) or any combination thereof; said user
interface(s) and said force sensing device(s) adapted to provide
information to said electronic controller(s); said electronic
controller(s) adapted to convert said information to a continuously
variable control signal for said force generating device(s); and
said force generating device(s) provide variable resistance to said
user such that muscle contraction and muscle extension are
completed in specified time intervals; wherein said system is
adapted to allow said user to exert force in one direction through
desired repetitions and optimally exercise an isolated muscle or
muscle group.
15. A system of claim 14 wherein said force modification device(s)
comprise any device adapted to increase or decrease said force
resistance to said user via mechanical means
16. A system of claim 14 wherein said force modification device(s)
comprise gear box(es), pulley system(s), sprocket & chain
system, or any combination thereof.
Description
[0001] The present application claims the benefit of U.S.
Provisional App. No. 61/786,865, filed Mar. 15, 2013, which is
hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Exemplary embodiments of the invention relate generally to
the field of exercise equipment. More specifically, exemplary
embodiments of this invention use electronic control of various
types of resistance forces to achieve continuously variable
resistance throughout the exercise range of motion and number of
repetitions in a unique manner that continuously responds to the
force applied by the user.
[0003] A great variety of machines have been developed for
exercising various portions of the human body with the primary
purpose of building and/or toning certain muscle groups.
[0004] Physiological Studies: Many physiological studies have shown
that the building of muscles (i.e. increase in muscle mass or
tissue) results from the exhaustion of existing muscle tissues.
Additional physiological studies have demonstrated that maintenance
of muscle coordination, during muscle development, requires a
smooth, controlled transition (vs. jerky) of muscular exercise
throughout the primary range of motion, for a particular muscle
group. More specific studies have also shown that optimal muscle
development occurs with specific time intervals for muscle
contractions (concentric contractions) and stressed muscle
extensions (eccentric contractions). For example, one of these
studies requires the following objectives for optimal muscular
development: (1) concentric muscle contractions occur consistently
throughout the range of motion for the "positive stroke" over a
period of 2 seconds, and (2) muscle extensions (eccentric
contractions) occur consistently throughout the range of motion in
the "negative stroke" over a period of 4 seconds. From these
studies, one could conclude that an exemplary embodiment of an
ideal exercise system for muscle building may have the following
characteristics: [0005] 1. Continuously variable resistance that
responds to (a) the force exerted by the muscle group and (b)
variations of resistance caused by biomechanics, friction, inertia,
etc. [0006] 2. Controlled variable resistance in the negative
stroke would incrementally overcome the positive muscle contraction
and return to the original position to complete each repetition.
[0007] 3. A sophisticated feedback control system (a) monitors
distance, time, and applied force by user, (b) systematically
controls the resistance force to complete each repetition in the
specified time intervals and (c) maintains a smooth transition
throughout the range of motion.
[0008] Another body of physiological studies describes various ways
to achieve muscle toning without increasing muscle mass. In
general, many of these studies have shown that muscle toning (vs.
muscle building) is achieved with less muscle resistance force and
more exercise repetitions. This may be achieved by a variety of
exercise types (e.g., light dumbbells and/or barbells, resistance
bands, kettle bells or body weight, such as calisthenics, etc. From
these studies, one may conclude that an example of an ideal
exercise system for muscle toning may have one or more of the
following characteristics: adjustable, controlled, consistent, and
programmable time, resistance, and distance, (i.e. range of
motion), which are easily selected by users with minimal effort and
limited knowledge of exercise modalities required.
[0009] Other physiological studies discuss the benefits of various
types of exercise programs, including isometric, isokinetic,
isotonic, aerobic, anaerobic and combinations thereof.
[0010] Since no exercise system currently provides electronically
controlled, continuously variable resistance with timed intervals,
the overall benefits of timed intervals in exercise programs are
still widely unknown. Further studies will likely flourish once
such a system is developed.
[0011] Conventional Weightlifting Systems: In conventional
weightlifting devices, the user exercises against a resistance
force created by the pull of the earth's gravity on some type of
weight. In its simplest form, the user lifts weights (usually
concentric metal weights attached to each end of a metal bar)
without restrictions, often called "free weights," Initial
improvements of the free weight system included basic metal racks
to guide the weights along a specific path to promote proper
weightlifting technique, improve safety, and isolate certain muscle
groups. Further modifications have included changes in the
mechanics of the weightlifting system (i.e. position of the
weight(s) relative to various levers, fulcrums, pulley systems,
user interface, etc.) to (1) further isolate muscle groups, (2)
improve safety, (3) simplify/reduce costs of certain systems, and
(4) normalize the resistance force experienced by the user's
muscles throughout the exercise range of motion. The most
significant changes were cam designs (e.g. Nautilus) that reduced
the variation of muscle stress throughout the exercise range of
motion caused by various body mechanics and other mechanical
effects. However, these systems require the user to be the same
size as the basis of their design (typically the average-size male)
to achieve the full benefits. Most of the current weightlifting
machines consist of a stack of flat metal plates connected by a
metal cable to various combinations of pulleys, levers, cams, and
user interfaces. Typically, the user selects the amount of weight
(resistance force) by pushing a metal pin under the lowest plate of
the desired weight (marked on the weight stack) and into a hole in
a metal rod, that runs through the middle of the weight stack. This
metal rod is usually connected to the user interface by a metal
cable.
[0012] There are several disadvantages of current weightlifting
devices. First of all, none of the present day weightlifting
machines has the ability to continuously vary the selected
resistance force to achieve the optimal physiological exercise
programs described above. The user-selected weight (resistance
force) represents, at best, the maximum weight the user can
successfully overcome at his weakest point in the positive stroke
(of the exercise range of motion) for his last repetition. In
addition these systems cannot adjust the resistance downward to
compensate for the capability of fatiguing muscles. As a result,
exhaustion of the targeted muscle tissues does not occur
efficiently, if at all. Secondly, the desirable benefits from the
substantially higher resistance forces during the negative stroke
of the exercise cannot be achieved on the current weightlifting
machines without the assistance of another person, called a
spotter. On each positive stroke, the spotter helps the user lift a
weight that is heavier than the user could positive lift on his
own. The user then resists the negative force of the weight as best
he/she can. The positive lifts of this exercise technique have
limited benefits due to the inconsistent assistance of the spotter.
Consequently, a separate weightlifting set is usually required.
Finally, current weightlifting systems are not capable of
monitoring and controlling various aspects of the exercise
programs. Most aspects are left to user discretion, including the
time intervals for the positive and negative strokes of the
exercise repetitions.
[0013] Hydraulic Exercise Systems: Hydraulic exercise systems use
compressed fluids or air to apply variable resistance forces in
some exercise systems. Hydraulic air systems are commonly referred
to as pneumatic exercise systems. Both types of hydraulic exercise
systems provide limited ability to vary the resistance to the user
in both the positives and negative strokes (or lifts) of the
exercise. These hydraulic exercise systems require mechanical
linkages for a solid (vs. flexible) force connection to the user
interface, making them physically cumbersome. The electronic
control of these hydraulic systems is also cumbersome, with limited
performance characteristics. Consequently, these systems are
expensive, and fall far short of the performance capabilities of
the present invention. Additional disadvantages include (1)
potential leaks (air/liquid) and air bubbles in liquid hydraulic
systems, both resulting in lost resistance force and (2) the need
for regular maintenance by trained personnel to insure proper
operation.
[0014] Electromechanical Exercise Systems: In recent years, various
electromechanical resistance systems have been proposed to replace
the conventional weight stack. Such systems not only dispense with
the weight stack, but also permit electronic control of the
resistance profile during an exercise routine.
[0015] U.S. Pat. No. 4,726,582 Issued on Feb. 23, 1988 to Fulks
discloses a programmable exercise system in which conventional
weights are replaced by an electric motor and a variable clutch
device, such as a magnetic particle clutch. A digital processor is
connected to a sensor that detects the position and direction of
movement of a user operated member and controls the magnitude of
the torque transmitted by the clutch. The resistive force provided
to the user is thus varied as a function of the location and
direction of movement of the operated member.
[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,926 Issued on May 14, 1991 to Casler
discloses an electronically controlled force application mechanism
for exercise systems. This mechanism includes a constant speed,
high torque electric (A.C.) drive motor coupled to a dynamic
clutch, such as a magnetic particle clutch. The torque and speed of
the clutch output shaft is computer controlled to regulate the
resistance profile of the exercise system.
[0017] U.S. Pat. No. 5,020,794 Issued on Jun. 4, 1991 to Englehardt
et alia also discloses an exercise system in which an electric
motor is used to simulate a weight stack. A computer controlled
servo loop compensates for friction and inertia within the system
and provides for a variable resistance profile during an exercise
routine.
[0018] U.S. Pat. No. 5,431,609 Issued on Jul. 11, 1995 to
Panagiotopoulos et alia discloses an electronically controlled
exercise system that employs a D.C. motor to allow the user to
continue to exercise past the point of muscle failure. The user
sets the initial weight, and the feedback network adjusts and
decreases the resistance as the user progresses through a set of
exercises and gradually begins to approach muscle failure.
[0019] U.S. Pat. No. 5,435,798 Issued on Jul. 25, 1995 to Habing et
alia discloses an electronically controlled exercise system that
employs a motor (A.C. or D.C.) to assist the user during the
positive stroke in lifting a suspended mass (the primary source of
resistance). During the return or negative stroke of the exercise,
a reduced level of assistance may be provided so that increased
negative resistance is experienced by the user.
[0020] In summary, the known art of exercise machines have come a
long way from the free weight systems. Prior art has reached a
level of electronically controlled variable resistance, but has not
yet achieved the truly interactive level with timed intervals
demanded by the current trend in physiological studies. Most of the
relevant prior art primarily focuses on providing the user with
preprogrammed variations of resistance force based on certain
underlying assumptions. These exercise systems do not respond to
the user's efforts and vary the resistance according to the user's
current physiological needs. Furthermore, the prior art does not
continually control the weightlifting cycle to assure that the user
maintains (1) smooth transitions throughout the range of motion and
(2) a consistent timed interval (preset by user or program) for
each exercise stroke and/or repetition. Finally, the prior art does
not control the user's exercise in a manner that eliminates the
detrimental effects of excess momentum, inertia and other
mechanical effects.
[0021] An exemplary embodiment of the current invention may
successfully provide truly interactive level of exercise with timed
exercise intervals, which the prior art has failed to do. This
invention provides the following unique features: [0022] 1.
Electronically controlled, continuously variable resistance in the
positive stroke that responds to the user's efforts and varies the
resistance according to the user's current physiological needs
[0023] 2. Electronically controlled, continuously variable
resistance in the negative stroke that incrementally overcomes the
positive muscle contraction and returns to the original position to
complete each repetition [0024] 3. A sophisticated feedback control
system (a) monitors distance, time, and applied force by user, (b)
systematically controls the resistance force to complete each
repetition in the specified time intervals, (c) maintains a smooth
transition throughout the range of motion, and (d) virtually
eliminates the variations of resistance caused by biomechanics,
friction, inertia, etc.
[0025] As a result, exemplary embodiments of the present invention
are differentiated over the known art and may provide the optimum
in various types of exercise programs, including but not limited to
(1) muscle building, (2) muscle toning, and (3) physical
rehabilitation.
[0026] In addition to the novel features and advantages mentioned
above, other benefits will be readily apparent from the following
descriptions of the drawings and exemplary embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] FIG. 1 shows an example of the present invention in its
simplest form. This basic flow diagram shows the basic continuous
variable resistance exercise system, comprising (1) Sensor
Device(s) for force, distance, direction, and/or speed with
electronic output(s) to (2) An electronic controller that receives
user inputs (e.g. via trial exercise cycle and/or keyboard),
continuously determines desired resistance force F1, and sends
control signal to (3) the resistance force generator. Though this
example notes an electromagnetic resistance force generator,
various types of resistance force generators may be used, including
but not limited to electric (e.g. motor(s), solenoid(s)), pneumatic
(e.g. compressed air), and hydraulic.
[0028] FIG. 2 shows a simple block diagram for an exemplary
embodiment of the present invention featuring (1) a cable minder
(e.g. prevent cable from going slack), (2) smart box that records
information from sensor device(s) and user inputs, (3) coarse
adjustment device(s) to adjust the base load noted as anchor (e.g.
weight) in this diagram, (4) fine adjustment device(s) (e.g.
solenoids) to adjust the variable load of resistance force(s), and
(5) user interface readout (e.g. computer with monitor) that
provides information from smart box to user(s).
[0029] FIG. 3 shows a simple schematic for an exemplary embodiment
of similar components as FIG. 2 arranged in a rigid frame to
display how these components interact. A gear box is used in this
example as a resistance force transfer device.
[0030] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a
system of the present invention comprising a microchip computer
control loop and two functional solenoids.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT(S)
[0031] An original concept for the development of an exemplary
embodiment of the current invention may provide the most efficient
physiological results for a desired exercise type. Continuous
variation of the resistance in response to the user's activities
over specified time periods may achieve this benefit in a truly
interactive manner. In contrast, the relevant known art focused on
providing preprogrammed resistance profiles without regard to the
user's actions and/or time duration of strokes.
[0032] An example to illustrate our concept is the maximum
development of a certain muscle group (La muscle building exercise
type), while maintaining muscle control/coordination throughout the
exercise range of motion. Physiological studies have shown that
this maximum muscle development would occur with complete muscle
exhaustion every other day. Furthermore, the most efficient muscle
exhaustion (that maintains muscle coordination) would occur when
the traditional lifts are performed with (a) the maximum resistance
that a user can continuously exert in the same direction, (b)
smooth motions in the forward and negative strokes, and (c) stroke
durations of 2 and 4 seconds, respectively. In other words, the
ideal physiological exercise machine would require: [0033] 1.
Positive Strokes: Continuous variation of the resistance forces to
maintain the maximum resistance the user can exert with smooth
transition for 2 seconds duration in each repetition. [0034] 2.
Negative Strokes: Continuous variation of the resistance forces to
incrementally overcome the user's ability to maintain the fully
contracted position and gradually pull the muscles back to the
original, fully-extended position. Maintenance of steady, smooth
motion throughout the full range of motion for 4 seconds duration
in each repetition.
[0035] As the user's muscle group becomes more exhausted, the
continuously variable resistance must gradually decrease with each
repetition until complete exhaustion occurs. In conclusion, the
ultimate muscle-building exercise machine would (1) automatically
adjust the resistance forces to meet these objectives and (2) allow
the user to concentrate only on maximizing the exertion of the
desired muscle group in one direction until completely
exhausted.
[0036] As illustrated in the above example, the ultimate exercise
machine would go beyond preprogrammed resistance profiles. The
ultimate exercise machine would allow interactive programming to
continuously vary the user resistance forces and timed intervals to
provide the optimal and most efficient means to achieve the maximum
physiological results for each exercise type. That is, the ultimate
exercise machine would also provide the ability to program for
other exercise types (i.e. muscle toning, etc.) based on other
physiological studies. If properly designed, this continuous
variation of the resistance may also overcome many factors previous
exercise machines could not, including, but not limited to: (1)
differences in size and other physical characteristics of the user;
(2) friction, inertia and other factors that make preprogrammed
resistance profiles less ideal; and (3) fail-safe operation that
minimizes muscle strain when user stops supplying force, etc.
Throughout the evolution of exemplary embodiments of the current
invention, the pursuit of the ultimate exercise machines with these
basic design parameters has remained constant.
[0037] Basic System: Initial development of the basic design
concepts focused on a computer-controlled electromagnetic force
exercise machine. The process flow chart in FIG. 1 describes the
basic system components and interrelationships of the various
parts. The electromagnetic force generator could be power
solenoid(s) electric motor(s) (e.g. A.C. or D.C.), solenoid
activated hydraulic/mechanical system and/or various combinations
of these, with or without a gravitational force vector (e.g. weight
plates). The electronic controller could range from simple analog
devices to very sophisticated digital computers. The force-sensing
device could be a tensile force measuring system (e.g. strain
gauge), a passive, calibrated solenoid of known EMF density, or
similar force measuring devices. Various sensing devices in common
practice could be used for sensing distance, direction, and speed.
Speed (or velocity) is the derivative of the distance displaced
over time. As such the speed-sensing device is not necessary, but
recommended to serve as a crosscheck in system performance.
Examples of the ideal systems are dependent on application and are
discussed below in the "Various Embodiments of the Basic
System".
[0038] Conceptually the user would go to the user interface station
(i.e. exercise apparatus designed to isolate certain muscle groups)
and select the type of exercise program desired: maximum muscle
development muscle toning, isotonic, etc. The controller would have
preprogrammed parameters for each type. Alternatively, the user
could manually select the desirable parameters to define his/her
exercise program. Next, the user would input (1) the initial weight
that he can lift in the positive stroke and (2) his/her height,
weight, and body fat % (optional) to help determine the appropriate
distance for the exercise range of motion. On more sophisticated
embodiments, the user would simply complete a trial exercise range
of motion at his/her maximum exertion level. The sophisticated
version of the current invention would determine the initial force
and distance as user inputs to the controller from this trial run.
After completing these brief preliminaries the user simply focuses
on providing the maximum effort from this muscle group in the
direction of fully contracted muscles. The current invention will
do the rest, assuring the maximum physiological benefits from the
desired exercise program. For example, in the case of maximum
muscle development the current invention will provide the most
efficient means to achieve complete exhaustion.
[0039] After the exercise program is complete, the controller can
provide feedback on the user's performance. If he controller is a
digital computer, it can show the actual resistance force profile
over time and repetitions. An electronic storage device (e.g.
magnetic cards, USB drive) could also be used to store personal
information to track progress and avoid manual input of initial
parameters. In addition, a slight modification would allow coaches
to review individual performance without sacrificing individual
privacy. Thus providing the ability to easily adjust, control, and
program the various components of a given movement for a specified
purpose and result, in a consistent and deliberate manner. Those
components being, time, resistance, and distance, as in range of
motion.
[0040] The exercise system will interact with the user by means of
a physical interface(s) such as a keypad, keyboard, mouse,
microphone, and data collecting sensors attached to the user or
mechanism itself, or wirelessly, with same. It will also receive
from and send information to remote control apparatus and
appliances using applications available for wireless devices (e.g.
cell phone app).
[0041] More sophisticated embodiments of the present invention
would include direct communications (e.g. before, during and/or
after the exercise) between the user and the electronic controller
(e.g. user input information and controller output
information).
[0042] In one embodiment, direct communication with user during
exercise can be established by use of a pair of glasses fitted with
a viewable screen--(similar to Google glasses)--by wireless
connection to base control module. Real-time information such as
users force (e.g. equivalent weight being lifted) speed,
repetitions, countdown, time, heart rate, and other pertinent
statistics can be seen and acted upon by user in real time and used
to improve and/or correct exercise activity. In another embodiment,
wireless headphones may also be used for workout music played
underneath real-time prerecorded encouragement for the completion
of repetitions to full exhaustion or to a predetermined goal as
well as information such as users force (e.g. equivalent weight
being lifted) speed, repetitions, countdown, time, heart rate, and
other pertinent statistics can be heard and acted upon by user in
real-time and used to improve and/or correct exercise activity. In
still another embodiment of the present invention, devices attached
to user or to other equipment may also be used to gather other
relevant data--such as data gathering belts, bands, or pads--or
information collection device(s) used in proximity to user--such as
heat, sound or video recorders.
[0043] In addition, it is anticipated that wireless application(s)
to interface, control and store personal information will be
developed for use with embodiments of the present invention. For
example, when used in the performance of resistance exercise, an
application would be enabled before user begins work out. Upon
approach of selected machine, user will choose (or app would
wirelessly recognize) same machine from menu. App will display
machine and users past data connected with that machine. App
wirelessly (or by corded interface) sets up machine for specific
user as directed from passed performance or input from machine
screen menu on app (app must collect needed information on first
use for future application). App may contain tips or suggestions to
improve work out activity. App may record all data created by work
out (weight, reps, time, physiological, etc) wirelessly (or by
corded interface) from machine's computer. App may then store all
information collected from work out for evaluation, improvement and
comparison to future data (and may compare by internet data base to
average user of desired physique).
[0044] Exemplary embodiments of the current invention may provide
one or more of the following advantages over known art exercise
devices:
1. adjustable, consistent, and accurate timing 2. adjustable,
consistent, and accurate range of motion 3. adjustable, consistent,
and accurate resistance 4. ability to adjust resistance
interactively throughout movement based upon automatic and timely
measurement of user input 5. ability to program rate of movement
within specified intervals of movement in order to replicate and
thus train for particular activities or sports tasks 6. ability to
programmatically adjust workout according to past performance
recorded from prior workouts
Basic System Components:
[0045] User Interfaces: Any device(s) or system(s) that provides
(1) communication of user inputs to electronic controller,
communication from electronic controller to user, and/or both and
(2) exercise medium (e.g. weight lifting station) that interfaces
with output of electronic controller/force generator of the present
invention. User interfaces include, but should not be limited
to:
[0046] (1) keypad(s), keyboard(s), telephone(s), communication
glasses, Bluetooth device(s)
[0047] (2) grip, bar, pad, weight lifting station, and/or other
exercise station
[0048] Electronic Controller(s): Any device that is capable of
being programmed to (1) receive user and/or exercise
data/preferences, (2) combine with measured input parameters, (3)
calculate the desired resistance force required to achieve the
objectives for an embodiment of the present invention, and (4) send
a control signal to the resistance force generator in less than 5
seconds, preferably 10-100 milliseconds.
Electronic controllers include, but should not be limited to:
[0049] Digital Microprocessors: computer chips, programmable
circuitboards, PC computers, Apple computers, mobile computers,
desk top computers, and computer tablets with Graphics Display and
Portable Data Storage (e.g. magnetic cards, portable drives, USB
drives, etc.) [0050] Analog Computers: Piezoelectric Cells: Very
Cheap Control Mechanism; Ideal for Home systems Assumes constant
speed throughout range of motion
[0051] Force Generator System(s): Any device that provides desired
force resistance to user that can be controlled electronically in
less than 5 seconds, preferably 10-100 milliseconds. One force
generator system (e.g. solenoid) can provide sufficient range of
resistance for a variable load, while another force generator
system (e.g. traditional weights) provides the resistance for a
base load. Force generator system(s) include, but should not be
limited to:
Large solenoid (e.g. motor); Combine Base Load & Variable Load
Existing Weight Stack (base load) plus solenoid (Variable
Load):
Ideal for Some Retrofit Applications
[0052] Base Load Solenoid (e.g., motor) and Variable Load
Solenoid
Base Load Electric Motor and Variable Load Solenoid
Various Solenoid Combinations: Series and Parallel
[0053] Force-Sensing Device(s): Any device that measures and
electronically transmits in less than 5 seconds, preferably 10-100
milliseconds information relating to (1) a force generated by the
user, (2) a force generated by the force generator system(s),
and/or (3) both. The information of concern should include, but not
be limited to, force, direction of force, distance of movement
(e.g. cable) in a period of time, and speed (i.e. distance divided
by time). Force-sensing device(s) include, but should not be
limited to:
Tensile Force Measuring Systems
[0054] Calibrated Power Solenoid of known EMF Density
Other Embodiments
Isokinetic Exercise System
[0055] A purpose of an exemplary embodiment of this machine may be
the replacement of the metal weight system of an exercise machine
with a more efficient muscle building or rehabilitation
mechanism.
[0056] An example of an ultimate function of an embodiment of this
machine is to provide a continuously variable weight from
0-infinity (within mechanical limitations) that will vary itself
relative to the force being applied. It may work on one muscle or
one set of muscles at a time. (not one muscle and the opposing
muscle). It may work on at an optimum speed or time intervals (e.g.
2 seconds to contract, 4 seconds to extend.) As the muscle weakens
from exhaustion the weight may decrease relative to the ability of
the muscle to maintain the optimum speed through the contraction
and extension cycle, e.g. as the muscle weakens it will be lifting
less so that it can maintain a 2 second contraction and a 4 second
extension.
[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, the force of the muscle(s) may
always be applied in one direction, but weight may vary so the
muscle will achieve full contraction and then be forced into full
extension. This may be achieved by allowing enough resistance
(weight) upon the contracting muscle to reach a full contraction in
an optimum time. The distance of the contraction would be preset by
the subject by computer measurement of one full contraction and
extension (or desired distance) before weight is turned on. At the
full contraction (or desired contraction) the weight will increase
relative to the pressure being applied forcing the muscle(s) into
extension (full or desired) in an optimum time. At full extension
the machine will reverse itself and allow the muscle to contract
with all its power giving enough resistance to assure reaching
contraction in the optimum time. At full contraction the machine
will again reverse itself and another cycle will be repeated. These
cycles of contraction and extension continue at varying amounts of
resistance, but at a fixed speed until complete exhaustion or a
predetermined resistance are achieved.
[0058] An example of the machine may work by varying the resistance
on a DC motor. The motor may act as a circular solenoid rather than
a continuous motion motor. the force of the motor will always be in
one direction but the controls will allow it to be over powered and
turned in the opposite direction although the force is always in
one direction. The solenoid (motor) may wind and resist unwinding
(or visa versa) of a cable to a spool. This cable may be connected
to the weight chain of an exercise machine.
[0059] An example of the control may be adapted to provide and
measure the current needed to turn the motor in one direction
against a force a given distance in a given amount on of time for
an expansion cycle, and also provide and measure the amount of
current needed to resist a force turning the motor in the other
direction a given distance in a given time in a contraction
cycle.
[0060] A muscle or group of muscles collaborates to move a part of
the body in an arc with a joint as an axis. The arc may be large or
small. All or part of this arc may be transversed. The arc will be
broken into an infinite number of parts x0 to x.infin. or x0 to
x100. When the muscles begin their contraction inside the angle of
the arc the motor's torque is in one direction but the control
allows the motor to be overpowered just enough to let the muscle
contract against its resistance at a predetermined speed. On
expansion the motor continues to apply force in the same direction
but becomes more than muscle can resist and extends muscle at a
predetermined speed. The heat that is going to be produced may be
taken advantage of such as, for example, by dissipating heat and/or
using the heat in another manner.
[0061] To do this, the force of the contraction is measured at each
point (100 points for simplicity) relative to the time it took to
move from one point to the next. (e.g. The muscle starts its
contraction at point 0). The machine may be programmed with a
starting resistance (weight) for a particular subject. An example
of the contraction may travel through the arc to a full contraction
in 2 seconds. If weight is too great, it may take 0.025 seconds.
The algorithm may sense this as being too long and lighten the
weight so that with same force exerted between point 0 and point 1
muscle will move from point 1 to point 2 in 0.015 seconds. so that
the combination of point 0 to point 2 is 0.04 seconds, catching up
to scheduled time. If force of muscle increases as angle of arc
gets smaller and point 3 is reached in 0.05 seconds. algorithm will
sense resistance as to small and make it greater so that from point
3 to point 4 will take 0.03 seconds and total time will be 0.08
seconds. keeping contraction on 2 seconds schedule. Since points
would be infinite these changes will continuously vary resistance
of motor and a smooth motion will be obtained.
[0062] When contraction reaches point 100, an example of the
machine may reverse controls, and the motor may gain force and turn
in opposite direction pulling muscle into extension with it. This
may be a smooth transition because an example of the motor's force
may be in one direction and may be given enough power to overpower
muscle instead of muscle over powering motor. A muscle may be
extended through the same arc but optimum time changes. In an
exemplary embodiment, muscle may trace through the same points in
reverse--muscle may still be trying to contract but motor pulls
muscle into extension from point 100 to point 99; time is measured
and adjustment made from point 99 to point 98 etc. until point 0 is
reached and cycle is reversed and repeated.
[0063] As cycles continue subject is using muscles as hard as
possible, giving maximum effort at all times. Muscle will tire--as
muscle tires algorithm senses weakening by time taken to move from
point to point in arc. Algorithm lessens resistance to allow
optimal time for cycles and exercise continues until muscle is
totally exhausted or a predetermined level is reached.
[0064] A muscle group and its counter muscle group may be exercised
but not at the same time. Each will exhaust itself separately
without rest.
[0065] Isotonic Exercise System:
[0066] In an isotonic contraction, tension remains unchanged and
the muscle's length changes. Lifting an object at a constant speed
is an example of isotonic contractions. A near isotonic contraction
is known as Auxotonic contraction. There are two types of isotonic
contractions: (1) concentric and (2) eccentric. In a concentric
contraction, the muscle tension rises to meet the resistance, then
remains the same as the muscle shortens. In eccentric, the muscle
lengthens due to the resistance being greater than the force the
muscle is producing. Irresistible force against a constant
resistance:
[0067] A force "A" moving through a variable, predetermined path
and at a variable, predetermined speed--this force is unstoppable
(unless turned off by switch or cycle safety interrupt) and is only
influenced by the distance traveled and the time to complete the
cycle. The time and distance that force A takes to complete its
cycle can be varied throughout the cycle but the force will remain
the same.
[0068] An opposing resistance of variable force "B"--applied
against force A--is moved through same pre-determined path at same
pre-determined time even as it continually exerts all of its force
in one direction against A at all times.
[0069] A grip--bar--pad-- or other add on or replacement device is
used to allow force B to pull, push, or twist while interacting
with force A--and will be referred to as object "C"
[0070] Object C will contain devises to measure force B performance
against constant force A at any time during cycle or any place
along path on any section of the object C. The measurements will
include speed, time, force, pitch, roll, yaw, prior use, etc. but
will not exclude any other pertinent measurable information able to
be deduced from force B interaction with force A using Object
C.
[0071] Use as an exercise--weight lifting--trainer assist:
[0072] In one embodiment force A would replace the weight stack of
any weight machine--its variable distance and speed would allow
force B (in this case a muscle force) to pull, push or twist
against force A at a predetermined time and/or distance to complete
positive and negative stroke of an exercise while force B is always
continuous in one direction.
[0073] Object C would replace or be fitted to the object that
allows force B to interacts with force A (force B in this case is
the subject using the machine)--Object C would gather information
from the event to be displayed, stored and reused in future to
reset, standardize, and compare prior statistics. since Force A is
an unstoppable force and moves along a predetermined
path--information about force B can be determined anywhere along
path and anywhere along object C that a sensor is placed--such as
but/not only--the ability to determine the force being produced
(e.g. resistance force or equivalent weight being lifted) by both
arms and/or individually in a bench press scenario. (one arm will
probably be producing more force and one may tire faster than the
other--a record of this could be derived with separate sensors for
each arm).
[0074] Subject would enter weight machine and be correctly
positioned for chosen exercise--speed and time for exercise are set
manually or automatically from previous use or a chart.
[0075] Subject moves object C through one repetition: allowing
system determine subject's range of motion or range of exercise (it
could change from one time to the next). This sets force A path and
time.
[0076] On start, force A begins movement of object C--and subject
begins applying force (this is force B) opposed to constant force A
by way of Object C.
[0077] Object C moves through chosen exercise range of motion in
predetermined time. Force A continues to move object C through
predetermined path at predetermined time against force B--(If force
B is determined not to be present, machine will not operate).
[0078] Exercise continues until a predetermined number of
repetitions have occurred--or--resistance B has reached a
predetermined level of exhaustion as determined by sensors on
Object C or--resistance B is exhausted to 0 as determined by Object
C--or--cable goes slack (meaning there is no force B)--or--machine
is shut down by subject or operator by kill switch--or--machine is
shut down by any of the safety protocol programmed into Object
C.
[0079] All data collected by Object C is processed, interpreted,
displayed, printed out, and stored for future reference. A and C
are reset for next use. Information can be presented to subject on
heads up display in real time if desired--or as a read out in
glasses worn while exercising--glasses dedicated to each machine or
subject owned individual glasses tuned to a different frequency for
each weight stack Object C. Glasses would also store all created
and necessary information for all different machines along with
instructions for use, tips and suggestions for each machine.
[0080] Power Winch Embodiment with Potential Cable Minder:
[0081] An exemplary embodiment may comprise a power source (e.g.
power winch), converting energy into motion, a control box--and (in
some cases) a cable keeper.
Example One
Illustration Shows Use of a Cable Keeper
[0082] Power torque is always in one direction--by control box it
will allow cable to extend at an adjustable distance/time and then
will retract cable at an adjustable distance/time. This will be an
irresistible force and cannot be overcome by user. By mechanical
means the user's effort to resist will always be in a direction
opposed to power source. Power source will act as brake as cable
extends and as power winch as cable retracts. User will exercise
one muscle or one group of muscles at a time to exhaustion (on
existing muscle specific machines) by resisting against opposing
force. Cable keeper will assure that cable does not go slack at any
time while in use or out of use. Control box collects information
from cable tension and winch force to store, interpret and display
multiple information for user's evaluation, history and
self-improvement.
[0083] This appliance may be attached to and replace the weight
stack of compatible weight machines or may be a stand-alone unit.
When used in conjunction with mechanisms using other than a
cable--such as gears, levers, chains, belts, ratchets etc--cable
minder would only be needed where there may be a possibility of
slack in the force conveyance method. This appliance could be set
up in any form that would allow it to provide a timed, moveable
irresistible force against a muscle or set of muscles in one
direction.
General Embodiment
Problems to be Solved, Advantages, and Accomplishments
[0084] A. Problems [0085] Weightlifting has certain rules relative
to gaining the best results for your efforts: These rules include
the following: [0086] 1. one should lift on a timed basis [0087] a.
If one lifts too quickly with wild abandon he may create momentum
which can carry him past certain parts of his lift. This person
will not benefit from these relaxed portions of his lift because
certain muscle fibers will not be contracted. He will not
experience a full muscle contraction. [0088] b. If one lifts to
slowly, it is difficult to maintain a steady lifting motion without
any jerking. Jerking gives muscle fibers momentary rests. Steady
lifting is more desirable because it gives you a more intense
contraction. [0089] 2. A variable resistance is very desirable as a
muscle comes closer and closer to a dull contraction, it is able to
exert more force. When a muscle is in its fully extended position
at the beginning of a lift, the weight the muscle can lift is less
than its capability in any other position in the lift. Therefore
most of the muscle fibers will not reach their full workout
potential, unless the resistance (or weight lifted) becomes
increasingly greater throughout the lift. The optimum rate of
resistance is different for every individual due to the difference
in muscles structures of individuals. To achieve the maximum
benefit, a weightlifting machine which varies with the individuals
efforts is necessary. [0090] 3. The resistance should be applied in
the same direction and against the efforts of the same set of
muscles. This is necessary to provide complete exhaustion to the
set of muscles which are being exercised. In conventional
weightlifting, one extends the muscle (reversing the action of the
contraction) by either pulling it down with the use or antagonistic
or (opposite) group muscle or relaxing the muscles to allow the
gravity force on the weights to overcome this pulling force while
providing enough resistance so that the wrights don't jerk to their
initial position. In both cases, a detrimental rest occurs. For the
maximum benefit for a certain set of muscles, it is more desirable
to have the exercise machine return to the initial position
(extension or reversing the contraction to complete the cycle) in
such a way that the person is putting up a maximum effort to redid
a force that overcomes his strength. A practice in present
weightlifting exercises that demonstrates this concept and its
benefit is what is called a negative overload. The common negative
overload technique relies on the assistance of several people who
help the individual lift a weight greater than he could by himself.
Then the individual is left to resist the weight as much as he can
by pushing against the force of the excessive weight. However,
since the weight is more than he can lift, his muscles are
stimulated to their maximum while the weight comes down. To further
maximize the benefit of this type of exercise a smooth
(non-jerking) motion is necessary.
[0091] B. Advantages: Unlike conventional weightlifting machines,
an exemplary embodiment of the invention entered herewith may have
the advantage of effectively creating the opportunity for the
maximum benefit in weightlifting by accomplishing all of the rules
described above. This exercise machine may accomplish these rules
in the qualitative manner described below. [0092] 1. Lifting on a
timed basis: this machine consistently will take two seconds to
complete the full range of movement of a particular joint in the
forward direction (muscle contraction) and four seconds for the
reverse direction (muscle extension) This amount of time has been
proven to be optimum for the development of the body by the likes
of such research labs as Nautilus. However, this time limit for
each direction could be set by the individual according to his
needs in the muscle building, toning, or mobility exercises. [0093]
2. The variable resistance is achieved in a manner that is specific
to the individual. The Nautilus weightlifting machine is designed
to offer variable resistance but at a set rate in accordance with
the cam pulley design, This machine, however, will achieve a
variable resistance at a rate that changes with the individual
efforts. [0094] 3. The resistance and pulling forces will be
applied in such a manner that the simple set of muscles will work
in the same direction at its maximum effort thus exhausting the
muscle in a shorter period or time with the maximum benefits. Other
advantages include: [0095] 1. Capability of computer readout as to
work produced by; the muscle before complete fatigue. This will
prove beneficial in plotting the progress of the individual and
pointing out problem areas in the lift according to strength and
endurance. [0096] 2. Potential of individual s private knowledge of
force of lifting. This is an advantage in that often an individual
may lift improperly or with improper weights so as to cover his
weaknesses. In other worse, the need to cheat through
competitiveness at weightlifting by improper methodology or
excursive weight is eliminated.
[0097] II. Exercise System Development.
[0098] A. Goals: [0099] Primary goal: The creation of an exercise
machine which has the property of continuously varying the load
being worked relative to the force applied by the user so that the
arc distance of the exercise is moved through in a set fixed time,
both in the positive and negative lifting modes. [0100] Secondary
goals: To achieve idealized control and load for exercising with a
control system that is programmable to suit the various needs of
its users. [0101] B. Control Mechanism: With the above goals in
mind, the optimum means of achieving the most desirable aspects of
exercising appears at the present to be a
microprocessor-computerized control of an electric DC continuous
motor. For the simplicity of explanation, however, the DC
continuous will be separated into its functional parts, which are
very similar in operation to two separate solenoids; the control
solenoid and the load solenoid. A simplistic diagram of the
microchip computer control loop and the two functional solenoids is
given as follows and shown in FIG. 4:
[0102] where .DELTA.P=the distance the steel core in the solenoid
moved as a result of the user force
[0103] .DELTA.D=the distance the steel core in the load solenoid
moves as a result of both the user force and the electric force of
resistance
[0104] E1=the electromotive force generated by the movement of the
control solenoid core through the windings
[0105] E2=the altered electromotive force output of the control
system
[0106] The operation of this control mechanism involves a basic
premise that the electronic circuit will match the force by
individual and add or subtract resistance in the extension or
contraction periods, respectively. The amounts of resistances to be
added or subtracted will depend on the set times selected for the
contraction and extension and the arc distance.
[0107] Basically, the system will work in the following manner:
[0108] 1. The individual chooses the exercise station appropriate
for the set of muscles he would like to work on and approach this
station. [0109] 2. He would set the initial base load from which to
start. Though this selection is nominal the closer the individual
selects the force in accordance with what he can initially lift,
the quicker the control system will settle into the optimum control
range (i.e. the dynamic response will be that much shorter) [0110]
3. The individual would then set the periods of time he desires for
his contraction and extension in accordance with the type of
exercising desired. If the individual does not adjust the times the
computer will assume two sends for the contraction and four seconds
for the extension. [0111] 4. The individual will then set the arc
distance by simulating the motion of the exercise to be done. For
example, if arm curls are desired, he would push a button for are
distance measurement, signaling the machine to record the distance
of cable pulled. As he goes through the exercise motion, the arc
distance it the exercise is measured and used as a set point in the
computer system. [0112] 5. Next, the individual begins his exercise
contracting his muscles with maxim effort. [0113] 6. The exercise
machine will effectively divide the arc distance into many segments
approaching infinity yet limited by the time of the electric pulse
through the control loop. For the sake of simplicity of
explanation, we will use 100 segments for this discussion.
Therefore, the arc will be divided into 100 points. Let's label
them X0 to X100. As the individual starts the exercise, he pulls
against the base load from X0 to X. In doing so, he moves the steel
core (with wire windings) in the control solenoid a certain
corresponding distance. The power to this solenoid will be fixed
with the density of magnetic force from the solenoid windings being
known. Therefore, as the core passes a certain distance for a given
period of time, a certain electromotive force will be produced. The
current produced will be delivered to the microprocessor. [0114] 7.
This current is altered to produce a current in the windings of the
load solenoid to create the desired mechanical resistance. The
altered current will depend on the following factors:
[0115] a. contraction or extension periods
[0116] b. the set time for the part of the exercise cycle in
"a"
[0117] c. arc distance
[0118] d. the calibration of the l; pad solenoid windings in
accordance with mechanical resistance provided by current through
these windings. [0119] 8. In this manner, the load solenoid causes
an increase resistance on the user almost instantaneously by
increasing E2 from what it was in the base load. The increased
current then causes greater resistance in the steel core. [0120] 9.
In continuing, the user then polls the control solenoid from X1 to
X2 and the control loop repeats in the same manner through the
expansion. [0121] 10. During the contraction the same mechanism
occurs but in the reverse direction and the motor is actually
supplying the work to move the exercise machine.
[0122] During the contraction period, E2 would be altered to
produce a mechanical resistance such that it would effectively
match equal the force supplied by the individual and then subtract
the force necessary for the exercise equipment to go through the
arc distance in the set time for contraction. Ideally this
subtracted force will remain constant for a particular individual
throughout a certain exercise. In this regard the general force
balance would be as follows:
[0123] where F1=the force supplied by the user
[0124] F2=equally matched resistance by motor
[0125] F3=the force required to move the machine through the arc in
T seconds [0126] and mathematically
[0126] F1=F2 F2-F3=F4
[0127] where F4=the ultimate motor resistance
F1-F4=R1=F3
[0128] the force supplied exceeds the motor resistance by a force
necessary for arc traverse
[0129] Similarly, during the contraction period, E2 is altered to
produce a mechanical force exceeding the force supplied by the
individual by the amount of force necessary to reverse traverse the
arc in 4 seconds
R 2 F 1 F 2 F 3 ##EQU00001##
[0130] where F1=the force supplied by the user [0131] F2=the
equally matched resistance by the motor [0132] F3=the force
required to move the machine through the arc in 4 seconds and
mathematically;
[0132] F1=F2 F2+F3=F4
[0133] where F4=the ultimate motor resistance or force
F4-F1=R2=F3
* * * * *