U.S. patent application number 14/252486 was filed with the patent office on 2014-09-25 for cold weather exposure mask.
This patent application is currently assigned to Talus Outdoor Technologies, LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is John B. Sullivan, JR.. Invention is credited to John B. Sullivan, JR..
Application Number | 20140283280 14/252486 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39537072 |
Filed Date | 2014-09-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140283280 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sullivan, JR.; John B. |
September 25, 2014 |
Cold Weather Exposure Mask
Abstract
A Cold or Inclement Weather Exposure Mask is designed to fit
snugly around the wearer's face, head, and neck. The mask serves
vital needs of warmth, humidity, moisture management and air flow.
A raised, pliable chamber covering the mouth and nose of the wearer
provides a breathing space to allow normal breathing while keeping
the face warm and dry. The chamber is affixed to a fabric panel
made of a water and wind resistant, non-irritating, comfortable,
and stretchable material. A fastening means on the panel holds the
mask in place around the wearer. The chamber includes multiple
apertures which allow fresh, ambient air to pass to the wearer
after it is mixed with warm, humid, exhaled air. The apertures also
exhaust breath, air and condensation. Colors and pattern selections
allow adaptation to all labor and recreation uses.
Inventors: |
Sullivan, JR.; John B.;
(Tucson, AZ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Sullivan, JR.; John B. |
Tucson |
AZ |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Talus Outdoor Technologies,
LLC
Missoula
MT
|
Family ID: |
39537072 |
Appl. No.: |
14/252486 |
Filed: |
April 14, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12520190 |
Jun 19, 2009 |
8733357 |
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PCT/US07/88187 |
Dec 19, 2007 |
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14252486 |
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60870753 |
Dec 19, 2006 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
2/173 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A41D 13/1146 20130101;
A41D 13/1161 20130101; A41D 13/11 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
2/173 |
International
Class: |
A41D 13/11 20060101
A41D013/11 |
Claims
1. A mask comprising: a concave-shaped pliable chamber extending
generally forward to define a breathing space, the chamber arranged
and constructed to fit around the nose and mouth of the wearer, the
chamber having an interior surface and exterior surface, the
chamber having a peripheral edge constructed to rest flush on the
wearer's face, the chamber further comprising a plurality of
bi-directional airflow apertures, the breathing space fluidly
connected to the ambient environment by the bi-directional
apertures when worn by the wearer, at least one panel affixed to
the chamber, the panel providing a means to fasten or hold the mask
securely in place on the wearer.
2. A mask of claim 1, wherein the chamber is made of a pliable
plastic.
3. A mask of claim 1, wherein the chamber is made of molded
foam.
4. A mask of claim 1, wherein the bi-directional apertures are open
to the free passage of air in either direction.
5. A mask of claim 1, wherein the apertures further comprise at
least one aperture centrally positioned on the front chamber wall
across from and in front of the nostrils and mouth of the
wearer.
6. The Mask of claim 1, wherein said interior surface of the
chamber further comprises a non-absorbent surface causing said
surface to accumulate and store moisture within the chamber.
7. A mask of claim 1, wherein the interior surface of the chamber
is configured to humidify cold, ambient air drawn into the
breathing space during inhalation.
8. A mask of claim 1, wherein the apertures comprise at least one
moisture management aperture configured to discharge the wearer's
breath and condensation.
9. A mask of claim 1, wherein the apertures further comprise a
moisture management system having at least one aperture through a
lower wall of the chamber for the gravitational discharge of the
wearer's breath and condensation from the chamber.
10. The Mask of claim 1, wherein the breathing space further
comprises an open space between the face of the wearer and the
walls of the chamber, said breathing space configured to contain
and accommodate the mixing of the air inhaled through the apertures
with the warm, humid air that has been exhaled by the wearer.
11. A mask of claim 1, wherein the apertures comprise at least one
void.
12. A mask of claim 1, wherein the apertures comprise at least one
slit.
13. A mask of claim 1, wherein the chamber walls are configured to
prevent the dissipation of the warm and moist air exhaled into the
breathing space.
14. A mask comprising: a concave-shaped pliable chamber extending
generally forward to define a breathing space fluidly connected to
the ambient environment when worn by a wearer, the chamber arranged
to fit around the nose and mouth of the wearer, the chamber having
a front wall, at least two side walls, a lower wall and at least
one top wall, each with an interior and exterior surface, the side
walls, lower wall and top wall each adjacent to the front wall, the
top wall configured to fit under the eyes, and over the nose of the
wearer, the side walls, lower wall and top wall of the chamber
having a peripheral edge disposed opposite the front wall, the
peripheral edge arranged to rest against the wearer's face, the
interior surface of the chamber configured to retain and store
moisture expelled during exhalation, the chamber further comprising
a plurality of bi-directional airflow apertures, the apertures
comprising at least one aperture centrally positioned on the front
wall of the chamber across from and in front of the nostrils and
mouth of the wearer, the apertures further comprising at least one
moisture management aperture positioned in the chamber for the
discharge of breath and excess condensation, the breathing space of
the chamber comprising an open space between the face of the wearer
and the walls of the chamber, the breathing space fluidly connected
to the ambient environment by the bi-directional apertures, the
breathing space configured to accommodate and contain the dynamic
mixing of the air inhaled from the apertures with the air and
condensation exhaled from the wearer, at least one panel affixed to
the chamber, providing a means to fasten or hold the mask securely
in place on the wearer.
15. The Mask of claim 14, wherein the apertures further comprise at
least one aperture located on each side wall.
16. The Mask of claim 14, wherein said interior surface of the
chamber further comprises a non-absorbent surface causing said
surface to accumulate and release exhaled moisture within the
chamber.
17. The Mask of claim 14, wherein the moisture management aperture
is disposed on the lower wall of the chamber in between the
wearer's face and the front wall.
18. The Mask of claim 14, wherein the chamber walls are made of a
pliable material which regains its original shape after
bending.
19. A method for warming and humidifying cold, ambient air by a
non-mechanized face mask which comprises: affixing a
concave-shaped, pliable chamber over the nose and mouth and under
the eyes of the wearer, said chamber having an interior and
exterior surface and peripheral edge, said chamber further having
bi-directional airflow apertures, providing an open breathing space
between the face of the wearer and the interior wall of the chamber
when resting the peripheral edge of the chamber against the face of
the wearer, maintaining an open and fluid air-flow connection
between the ambient air and the breathing space through the
bi-directional apertures during inhalations and exhalations by the
wearer, capturing moisture expelled during exhalation on the
interior surface of the chamber, preventing the dissipation of the
warm, humid air into the ambient environment through the presence
of the chamber walls, drawing cold, ambient air into the breathing
space through the bi-directional airflow apertures during
inhalation by the wearer, humidifying the air drawn into the
breathing space by forcing said air to encounter the captured
moisture on the interior surface, forcibly mixing the cold, ambient
air drawn into the breathing space with the warm, humid air
retained within the breathing space to form a continuously warmed
and humidified air supply for the wearer.
20. The mask of claim 19, wherein is included the step of
gravitationally draining excess moisture captured and retained
within the chamber through one or more bi-directional drain
apertures.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This patent application is a continuation of U.S. National
Stage Utility patent application Ser. No. 12/520,190 entitled "Cold
Weather Exposure Mask" and filed on Jun. 19, 2009 and is currently
pending, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.371 to Patent
Cooperation Treaty parent application numbered PCT/US07/88187
entitled "Cold Weather Exposure Mask" filed Dec. 19, 2007, which
claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.
60/870,753 entitled "Cold or Inclement Weather Exposure Mask" filed
on Dec. 19, 2006. Each patent application identified above is
hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety to provide
continuity of disclosure.
BACKGROUND
[0002] 1. Field of Invention
[0003] This invention relates to cold weather apparel and more
particularly to such face coverings for use in outdoor work or
recreation.
[0004] 2. Description of Related Art
[0005] Individuals engaging in inclement weather work and
recreation, may be forced to choose between warmth or sufficient
oxygen. Obviously, a person must breathe easily in order to allow
proper body function. Common solutions have sought to cover the
mouth and nose with fabric or complicated tubing and heating
systems. However, in cold weather, efforts to stay warm may
compromise proper breathing. Breathing cold air is a form of airway
trauma that adversely affects the lungs and bronchi leading to
asthma and lung injury. Masks and breathing apparatuses have been
attempted, but often at the expense of vision, as eye-coverings
become fogged by misdirected warm air produced by covered
breathing. Weather masks have been used to try to accommodate
warmth, proper breathing, and maintain vision.
[0006] Prior inventions have sought to improve weather masks,
particularly those used in physically exerting activities, but with
significant shortcomings. Colman et al. discloses a Cold Weather
Face Mask (U.S. Pat. No. 3,768,100) which includes a face piece,
separable from a port for vision, separable from an oronasal port,
and a tri-furcated chin pocket for folding snugly around the chin.
Colman et al. attempted to use a malleable nose bridge stiffener in
a thick sheet form sandwiched and adjustable to prevent air from
escaping to eye wear. As a primary feature, Colman et al. sought to
sandwich portions of the mask together using fabric tape. The face
piece of the Colman et al. mask engages very closely with the
user's face.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 4,095,290 to O'Brien claims a face mask with
eyes, nose and mouth openings. The nose opening is a flap to cover
the nose. This invention is little more than a stereotypical ski
mask except that it too uses a three-layer sandwiching system: the
inner layer is flannel, the thermal barrier is polyurethane, and
outer layer is a metalized plastic film. This mask provides no ear
or neck protection and the material around the nose and the mouth
openings become wet and cold against the skin.
[0008] Martin's Face Mask (U.S. Pat. No. 4,641,379) also employs
apertures in direct contact with the skin around the nose and
mouth, thus doing nothing to address moisture and condensation. The
cone shaped flap which tries to cover the mouth and nose from
exposure to the cold air is supposed to incorporate an arch to keep
the skirt from resting on the nose. In reality, this provision
assists cold air to reach the condensed moisture on the skin, thus
causing irritation and chafing.
[0009] A Ventilated Face Shield, U.S. Pat. No. 4,764,990 granted to
Markert mandates the use of a rigid mask member to separate the air
flow of the mouth and nose, thus teaching away from the mixing of
air as a potential advantage. Furthermore, the required rigid
construction risks injury to the user in physically demanding
activities. The Markert mask fails to allow adaptable air exposure.
Further, the extent of the prevented direct air flow in this
invention may restrict breathing during aerobic activity. The
Markert mask does not provide a means to exhaust carbon dioxide
which may build up in the mask, thus further restricting breathing
in aerobic circumstances. While the breathing region includes an
aperture means it does not provide a design to aid in the
transmittal of condensation droplets out of the mask and no way to
separate accumulated water and moisture from the skin of the user.
Similarly, the Daneshvar patent (U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,432) has a
rigid, over-engineered design for the intake port requiring large
windows and sliding elements for the intake port and also hinging
mechanism for the whole face portion of the mask away from the
super hat. The Daneshvar patent does not suggest that mixing of air
may be beneficial to warm inhaled air nor provide a means to mix
such air. Furthermore, Daneshvar provides no means for the removal
of condensation other than the exhaust, exhalation ports located to
the rear and top of the super hat design. Those ports have complex
screw-tight closures further assisting in the one-way movement of
air taught in Daneshvar.
[0010] A current Cold Weather Mask on the market (U.S. Pat. No.
4,825,474 to Edwards) claims a mask which requires close contact
over the wearer's face. The cloth face member requires seams placed
in an undesirable fashion. The nose aperture is not protected from
the elements in any way and the nylon-laminate type cloth used in
the mask construction is not water resistant; thus, it allows
condensation to accumulate and freeze around the user's mouth and
nose, causing cold discomfort, chafing, and pain. The Edward mask
provides ear apertures for some hearing, but does not keep the ears
adequately warm or dry. Further, the Edwards mask does not
adequately discourage fogging of eye coverings.
[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 5,884,336, granted to Stout seeks to provide
weather insulation without inhibiting breathing. The Stout mask
calls for a rigid mouth seal that encircles the lips. The nose
cover is insulated over the bridge of the nose, but completely open
under the ridge. The rigid mouth cover includes a porous
hygroscopic material to exchange moisture from orally exhaled and
inhaled air. Stout does not contemplate covering the nose to
achieve this objective and does not point out a solution to
condensation pooling and freezing in the mask. Stout also tries to
meet the need of an insulated ear cover, but does so at the expense
of supply of sound and comfort.
[0012] A number of masks have sought to improve warmth in cold
weather circumstances, and they have focused on the need to use
hoods or head coverings. A specific example of such a face and head
covering is found at U.S. Patent Application 2006/0085881 to Gellis
et al. This combination is intended to be used in conjunction with
goggles and may be adjusted using VELCRO.RTM. brand hook and loop
fastener. The mask portion of Gellis et al. touches the user's nose
and the fleece fabric acts as a sponge for moisture which allows
the freezing moisture to touch the skin. Freezing moisture is
uncomfortable and unhealthy to skin. Gellis et al. provides no
means for fog-prevention and actually describes the need to open a
flange in order to allow breathability and prevent or reduce
fogging caused by condensation created by the face mask and rising
into the lens area. The combination is then over-engineered because
of a mechanism for converting and stowing the hood in the mask. The
bulk created would be uncomfortable and cumbersome for most cold
weather uses, which already may require significant layering. The
necessity and repetitive disclosure to convert Gellis et al. to a
hood and mask teaches away from simplifying breathing and
insulation.
[0013] McCormick patented a Thermal Exchange Breathing Device (U.S.
Pat. No. 6,196,221 B1) with a mechanical heat exchanger module
which heats air before it is inhaled by the user. The rigidity
required by the McCormick components, as well as those of other
prior inventions cause safety concerns for a user recreating. The
McCormick mask contemplates direct contact with the face of the
user, once again disregarding the problem of condensation and
moisture against the skin of the user.
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 6,868,852 B2 to Gaschke discloses a Cold
Weather Breathing Apparatus which necessitates the use of a complex
channeling system conducting air to the user through the nose and
mouth holes. While the Gaschke patent calls for air movement from
one orifice to the other, no provision is made to transfer
condensed fluids out of the mask, thus moisture build up would be
uncomfortable, unhealthy, and cause irritation and chafing.
[0015] A need exists for a cold or inclement weather mask that will
provide warmth, but not inhibit breathing or other sensory
functions of the user and at the same time keep moisture from the
face and humidify inhaled air. A mask is needed that will fit
snugly and comfortably under a ski helmet or cap and with glasses
or goggles without promoting fogging. Where other masks have
failed, a mask is needed to prevent skin surrounding the nose and
mouth from getting wet, cold, and chafed or chapped. A further need
exists for a mask that will not sacrifice safety or movement to
provide the desirable objectives.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0016] The present invention presents a new and novel mask designed
to turbulently mix inhaled air with warm exhaled air to achieve a
balance of temperature and humidity around the face and airway. The
face is kept warm and dry while the air around the nose and mouth
is humidified. The invention is a cold or inclement weather
exposure mask comprising a fabric mounting panel; a non-rigid
chamber to cover a user's mouth and nose; apertures allowing both
the inhalation of ambient air and the ventilation, exhaust, and
moisture disposal from the chamber; VELCRO.RTM. brand hook and loop
fastener on the fabric panels for tightening mask around the user;
and darting or pleating for the snug, dependable fit of the mask.
As disclosed and described, the mask has multiple variations and
beneficial feature adaptations. The mask achieves important goals,
including: 1) providing thermal comfort/warmth to protect the face
and airway against cold air exposure; 2) permitting adequate air
flow and ventilation for activity; 3) allowing access to senses and
faculties; 4) managing moisture to keep the face dry; and, 5)
dynamically mixing air to provide a source of humidity to ambient,
cold, drier air.
[0017] It is an objective of the present invention to provide a
mask which has utility to those participating in aerobic or
physically exerting activities or work in cold or inclement weather
conditions. As a further objective, the present invention seeks to
provide a mask which will help to humidify and warm dry, cold air
as it enters the mask using the natural mixing of inhaled and
exhaled air. Recognizing the delicate balance between breathing
warm air and protecting the facial skin and airway from cold, it is
an objective of the present invention to allow the face to remain
warm and dry. As a further objective, the present invention seeks
to provide a mask which gives warmth and breathability to the
wearer, while maintaining the comfort of the wearer by keeping
fabric or other material off the skin surrounding the mouth and
nose which can become cold and wet due to moist, exhaled air. As a
further objective tied to outdoor activities, the mask can be worn
while sleeping to prevent aspirating water as is common when
cold-weather sleepers hide their face inside a cloth or sleeping
bag and inhale condensation.
[0018] It is an objective of the present invention to fit
comfortably under a ski helmet or cap, or protective work gear. It
is a further objective of the present invention to provide a snug
fitting mask contemplated to fit with glasses or goggles. It is
still a further objective of the mask to prevent fogging of goggles
or glasses.
[0019] Another objective of the present invention is to prevent
lips and skin surrounding the nose and mouth from getting wet,
cold, and chafed or chapped. Cold air coming into contact with the
face and upper airways can stimulate asthma, therefore, the present
invention has an objective to provide a design which will aid in
preventing bronchial constriction associated with breathing cold
outdoor air. As a further objective, the present invention seeks to
prevent water from becoming frozen on the interior of the mask
because of condensation. It is a further objective of the present
invention to provide a mask that is easy to disinfect and
clean.
[0020] Still a further objective seeks to allow the normal talking,
breathing, and hearing functions of the wearer. Finally, the
present invention seeks to provide options for material types,
colors, and patterns for specific application to various uses
including but not limited to walking, ATV riding, skiing, hunting,
or construction labor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] The following drawings serve to illustrate the various
features and aspects of the invention. These drawings further
describe by illustration, the advantages and objects of the present
invention. Each drawing is referenced by corresponding figure
reference characters within the "DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
INVENTION" section to follow.
[0022] FIG. 1 is a perspective view the moderate coverage,
preferred embodiment of the present invention, demonstrating the
chamber and panels.
[0023] FIG. 2 is a front perspective view of the preferred
embodiment according to the present invention.
[0024] FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of the chamber and the
minimum coverage embodiment of the present invention and shows the
fabric panels accordingly. One design choice for ear coverage is
demonstrated here.
[0025] FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the chamber according
to the present invention but separated from any panels.
[0026] FIG. 5 is a rear view of the chamber according to the
present invention.
[0027] FIG. 6 is a rear, exploded perspective view of the chamber
component of the mask according to the present invention,
particularly showing the control valve separated from the
chamber.
[0028] FIG. 7 is bottom, exploded perspective view of the chamber
component of the mask according to the present invention,
particularly showing the control valve separated from the
chamber.
[0029] FIG. 8 is a side, perspective view of the maximum coverage
embodiment of the mask according to the present invention.
[0030] FIG. 9 is another side, perspective view of the maximum
coverage embodiment of the mask worn by a human according to the
present invention.
[0031] FIG. 10 is a right side view of the maximum coverage
embodiment of the mask according to the present invention.
[0032] FIG. 11 is a front view of the maximum coverage embodiment
of the mask according to the present invention.
[0033] FIG. 12 is a rear view of the face mask portion of the
embodiment first shown in FIG. 10 as it appears when detached from
the maximum coverage balaclava shown in the previous views.
[0034] FIG. 13 is a top view of the face mask as shown in FIG.
12.
[0035] FIG. 14 is a bottom view of the face mask as shown in FIG.
12.
[0036] FIG. 15 is a front perspective view of the preferred
embodiment of the present invention as it would be worn by a
human.
[0037] FIG. 16 is a right side view of the preferred embodiment of
the present invention as it would be worn by a human.
[0038] FIG. 17 is a left side view of the preferred embodiment of
the present invention.
[0039] FIG. 18 is a front view of the preferred embodiment of the
present invention.
[0040] FIG. 19 is a rear view of the preferred embodiment of the
present invention.
[0041] FIG. 20 is a top view of the preferred embodiment of the
present invention.
[0042] FIG. 21 is a bottom view of the preferred embodiment of the
present invention.
[0043] FIG. 22 is a front view of the preferred embodiment of the
present invention in a fully detached and laid open position before
it is affixed around a head as shown in FIGS. 15-21.
[0044] FIG. 23 is a rear view of the preferred embodiment as shown
in FIG. 22.
[0045] The invention may be embodied in several forms without
departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The scope
of the invention is disclosed below and will be further defined in
the claims and in the specific description preceding them. All
embodiments that fall within the meaning and range of equivalency
of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced by the
claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0046] The present invention is a mask incorporating a fabric panel
body and a breathing chamber to form a new and improved,
non-obvious cold weather mask which will allow the wearer to stay
outside and in the elements longer in order to perform work or
engage in recreation. As will be appreciated from FIG. 1, the
preferred embodiment of the mask comprises a concave shaped chamber
1 and a set of fabric panels 2. The chamber extends generally
forward to define a breathing space which is fluidly connected to
an ambient environment when worn. The chamber of the mask is
arranged and constructed to comfortably fit around the mouth and
nose of the wearer. The concave chamber has a front wall 11, at
least one lower wall 12, at least two side walls 13, and at least
one top wall 14, each with an interior surface and an exterior
surface. FIG. 4 demonstrates the preferred embodiment which is
shown and described as having one front wall, one top wall, one
lower wall, and two side walls. The lower wall, the side walls, and
the top wall each possess a side that lies adjacent to the front
wall. The top wall 14 has a slight medial bend to comfortably form
to the bridge of the nose of the wearer. The proximal edge of the
chamber walls, except the front wall, rests in a flush with the
wearer's face due to a peripheral edge 15 disposed on each of the
lower wall 12, the side walls 13, and the top wall 14 of the
chamber 1. As best shown in FIG. 7, the peripheral edge 15 occurs
on these chamber walls in a position opposite of the front wall
11.
[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the interior
surface of the chamber front wall 11 has a short post 17 with a
proximal end and a terminal end. The post 17 extends proximally
from the chamber and terminates in an enlarged, flat surface 18.
The post 17 is illustrated in the rear, exploded, perspective view
of FIG. 6. The flat surface 18 and post 17 act as a brad and
operates as a receiving means for the control valve 7 component of
the present invention, specifically cooperating with the control
valve hole 77. The interior wall of the chamber also has at least
one depression 16 formed to receive at least one cleat 76 on the
control valve 7. Desirably, a plurality of depressions 16 which
cooperate with a plurality of cleats 76 on the control valve 7 to
allow a wearer to select the position of the valve and thus the air
flow. These cleats 76 are demonstrated in FIG. 7.
[0048] Importantly, the chamber has plurality of apertures
including a grate 3 with grate openings 31 between parallel bars
32, passive airflow slits 4, circular voids 5, and at least one
slot 6 of the chamber 1. Best shown in FIG. 2, the apertures
traverse the front wall with openings fluidly connect with ambient
air. The preferred setting of grate openings 31 is shown in this
figure. These grate openings 31 are bi-directional air flow
apertures defining the central air grate of the front wall of the
chamber 1. In the preferred embodiment, the grate apertures 3 are
centrally disposed on the chamber front wall. The grate 3 is shown
in FIG. 3 as being substantially encircled by an ovoid ring 33
having a first bar 34 and a second bar 35 intersecting near the
center 37 of the grate 3. The first and second bars are then
further intersected by parallel bars. In the preferred embodiment,
the first and second bars 34, 35 create four quadrants 36 traversed
by parallel bars 32 in angled orientation.
[0049] The chamber has at least one aperture slot 6 disposed on the
lower wall 12 of the chamber at a distance away from the face and
nearer the front wall 11. This slot 6 is critical to the moisture
management functionality of the mask. At least one circular void 5
is disposed on the lower wall of the chamber between the slot 6 and
the wearer's face. A final set of apertures aid in bi-directional
air flow and are called slits 4 and are set at an angle on each
side wall 13 of the chamber. In the preferred embodiment there are
a plurality of circular voids 5 and angled slits 4. See FIG. 7 for
a complete comparison of position, size, and shape of these
apertures.
[0050] The mask chamber includes an additional important feature to
aid in the moisture management accomplished by the apertures. This
feature is a raised lip 19 of the chamber and is best demonstrated
in FIG. 5. The lip 19 is disposed between the lower wall 12 and the
peripheral edge 15 of the mask. The lip 19 may also extend to the
side walls 13 depending on the specific shape of the chamber.
Moisture which travels past the slot 6 and is not dispensed
immediately through the circular voids 5 will be trapped and
redirected back toward the circular voids 5 by the lip 19. This
feature is an additional protective mechanism to ensure that any
moisture condensing on the chamber does not touch the wearer's
skin.
[0051] In one embodiment, a control valve 7 is provided to affix on
the post 17 and provide air regulation selection. FIGS. 6 and 7
demonstrate a control valve exploded from the chamber. In reality,
if the control valve is provided, it is secured to the chamber in
any manner consistent with this disclosure. The control valve 7 is
substantially flattened member rotatably affixed to the chamber. In
the described embodiment the control valve would be affixed to the
interior surface of the front wall of the chamber. The control
valve could be affixed anywhere on the chamber, interior or
exterior and on any wall. In the preferred embodiment, the control
valve member is shaped as a disk. The control valve could take on
any structure and could have apertures or be a solid structure. In
the embodiment shown and described the member is a disk with an
outer, ovoid cylindrical structure 71. The cylindrical structure 71
has a distal face 72, a proximal face 73, an interior edge 74 and
an exterior edge 75. The control valve has a hole 77 positioned and
dimensioned to receive the post 17 extending proximally from the
chamber interior wall. After insertion into the hole 77, the flat
surface 18 of the post 17 abuts the proximal side of the control
valve 7 thereby affixing the control valve 7 to the interior
surface of the front wall 11 of the chamber 1 in a manner
permitting the control valve 7 to pivot or rotate on the post 17.
This feature may also be described as a rotatable dial. The control
valve rotate or pivot position is selectable by the alignment of
the cleats 76 on the distal face 72 of the control valve disk into
the depressions 16 on the interior front wall 11 of the chamber
1.
[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the control valve has a number of
openings created by a series of structures described herein as
vanes 78. The control valve is contemplated to have as few and one
vane 78, thus acting as a partial closure mechanism for the
apertures. In the embodiment shown and described, the control valve
7 has a plurality of vanes 78 spanning the interior edge 74 of the
cylindrical structure 71. In most embodiments, this the control
valve 7 structure should mirror the structure of the chamber grate
3. As mentioned above, the cleats 76 protrude from the distal face
72 of the control valve 7. These cleats 76 insert into the
depressions 16 of the interior surface of the chamber as the
alignment of the exploded views of FIGS. 6 and 7 show.
[0053] The body of the mask is provided by a fabric panel 2. The
panel 2 may be provided in any convenient manner for manufacture,
form, and fashion. At a minimum, at least one panel 2 is affixed to
the edge 15 of the chamber 1 by sewing or other securing means. The
chamber could be removably attached to allow for easier cleaning
and access to the wearer's nose and mouth. For the preferred
embodiment, the panel 2 should be formed and darted and pleated 21
to contour to the chin, neck, ears, and collar of the wearer. In
this embodiment, the chamber 1 is centrally located on the panel 2.
The chamber 1 could be located anywhere on the panel to accomplish
the goals and objectives set out herein. Other embodiments are
possible and contemplated within this disclosure. In the preferred
embodiment, the panel extends sufficiently to wrap around the head
of the wearer. FIGS. 1 and 2 demonstrate the panel as it would
appear on a wearer, wrapped and fastened. The panel 2 provides a
means to fasten or hold the mask in place on the wearer. For the
preferred embodiment, the panel terminates in a fastening means 22
such as cooperating VELCRO.RTM. brand hook and loop fastener
sections.
[0054] The novelty of the present mask is discovered in the
pliable, concave-shaped chamber 1 portion of the mask, called the
breathing chamber. The chamber 1 fully covers the wearer's mouth
and nose. The chamber is demonstrated in front view, apart from the
whole of the mask in FIG. 4. Additionally, the rear view of the
chamber in FIG. 5 demonstrates additional features of the chamber
and the moisture management system. The wearer is allowed to
breathe air because the chamber 1 comprises a space defined away
from the wearer's face. Initial ventilation studies indicate that
the volume of the chamber 1 allows adequate amounts of air to enter
and exit the wearer's mouth and nose in order to meet oxygen
demands called for during physically demanding outdoor sports or
labor.
[0055] The cold weather mask according to the present invention is
designed to fit snugly around the face, ears, head and neck of the
user. Alternative embodiments are described herein. Selectable
sizing means and preferred stretchable materials accomplish a snug
fit. The fit is meant to be secure, yet comfortable. Versatility in
sizing plus the use of elastic, insulating material for fabric side
panels 2 and opposing VELCRO.RTM. brand hook and loop fastener
straps 22 provide optimum fit.
[0056] The specialized shape and contour of the chamber 1 provides
an attractive profile as well as critical functionality. The
profile of the mask chamber design is not intended to protrude any
further than the typical outer goggle plane, or approximately 2-5
centimeters from the wearer's face. Claustrophobic conditions are
ameliorated by the constant flow of fresh air into and out of the
apertures and the clearance width and depth from the mouth and
nose.
[0057] In the preferred embodiment, the grate 3 of the mask has a
general "V"-shaped pattern for the grate openings 31. Each grate
opening 31 occurs in a parallel orientation to other grate openings
31 in the same quadrant 36 of the air intake grate 3. The effect is
an aesthetically pleasing "tree" or "leaf"-like pattern. Other
orientations such as a common grill design have also been used. The
grate openings 31 of the grate 3 are provided for air flow
enhancement regulation during forward motion such as skiing or ATV
riding. These activities produce an increased air flow, similar to
a Venturi effect and decrease the user's feelings of
claustrophobia.
[0058] Beyond aesthetics, an added benefit of the "V"-shaped
orientation is that the orientation helps disperse and mix inhaled
air and exhaled air and helps inhibit fog formation on goggles or
glasses. Furthermore, the grate 3 is situated so that the grate
openings 31 rotate or veer at an angle of approximately ten degrees
downward from the top of the vent to the bottom. Thus, aiding the
direction of exhaled air downward, away from the goggles or
glasses.
[0059] The orientation of the openings in the grate 3 induce
turbulent air flow aiding mixing of air--warm and cool, humid and
dry, exhaled and inhaled--in the chamber. The effect is an
elevation of temperature inside of the mask as demonstrated by
studies outdoors at temperatures of 1.1 degrees Celsius and below.
Furthermore, the bi-directional characteristics of the openings
naturally reduce airflow when air flow demand is reduced such as
when sitting, riding a lift, or sleeping. In these situations,
increased air flow is not desirable or needed.
[0060] The passive airflow slits 4, circular voids 5, and the
moisture management slot 6 each provide a point of exit for air
taken in through the central air intake grate 3 as well as that
exhaled by the wearer. The functionality of the apertures are
derivatives of their location and size. The circular voids 5 and
moisture management slot 6 occur in a downward direction from the
grate 3. Due to natural laws of gravity and direction of exhaled
breath, accumulated moisture and exhaled air will tend to escape
from the ports placed downward of the grate. In the preferred
embodiment, the grate 3 is coordinated with one moisture management
slot 6 in the lower wall 12, a good distance from the wearer and
nearer the front wall 11. This slot 6 is approximately 2.5
centimeters from the wearer's face and in most circumstances is the
only location that will discharge condensation gathered from the
chamber 1. Current tests show that condensation will begin draining
from the moisture management slot 6 after about 2 hours of use in
highly active conditions such as alpine skiing and only after
approximately 4 hours will the moisture move to the circular voids
5. Finally, in the preferred embodiment, circular voids 5 occur in
sets of three or more. The voids 5 are shown from a bottom view in
FIG. 7. Alternative embodiments would allow the voids 5 to be in
any shape and in any number. As shown in FIG. 7, the circular voids
5, are located in the lower wall 12 of the chamber, at approximate
intervals of 0.3 to 2 centimeters from the wearer's face. The
coordination of the central air intake grate 3, the circular voids
5 and moisture management slot 6 create a turbulent air flow which
allows for air mixing and fresh air exchange. The passive air flow
slits 4 permit added bi-directional air exchange and
evaporation.
[0061] Recognizing the delicate balance between breathing warm air
and protecting the facial skin and airway from cold, the present
invention allows the face to remain warm and dry. This function is
further enhanced by the warming of inhaled air, by keeping the
moisture away from the skin, and by venting carbon dioxide whether
the wearer is exercising or resting. An example of resting when the
mask would be beneficial would be in a camping or backpacking
scenario where one is trying to rest or sleep outside in cold or
inclement weather. Proper air exchange in such circumstances can
aid sleeping and reduce apnea because fresh air is constantly
available.
[0062] The present invention requires no mechanization to warm the
air captured by the air intake vent 3, instead warming of the air
occurs dynamically from mixing warmed exhaled air with inhaled air.
Fresh air is warmed in the chamber 1 before it is breathed by the
wearer, because it mixes with immediately exhaled air traveling to
and from the apertures. This mixing of air also permits the
incoming air to gain a comfortable humidity quotient as
demonstrated by studies. Outside temperature compared to inside
mask temperature variances are comfort-controlled by the air intake
grate 3. Initial temperature tests indicate a four to sixteen
degree (Celsius) differential between ambient air and air inside
the chamber 1, e.g. one study showed an approximate temperature of
22 degrees Celsius inside the mask when outside temperatures were
approximately minus five (-5) degrees Celsius.
[0063] The formation and features of the chamber 1 allow
performance of the desired objectives because the wearer is
provided warm, moist air directly to the mouth while air can be
exhaled without interruption thus keeping moisture from the face.
The provision of continuous bi-directional air flow exchanges
removes all the stagnant exhaled air from the chamber 1 to
desirably provide air that is rich with oxygen to supply working
muscles.
[0064] The air intake vent 3 may have a control valve 7. FIGS. 1-2
illustrate the preferred embodiment for the control valve 7 system.
The rotatable dial formed by the cooperation of the control valve 7
and the post 17 permits air control. The control valve 7 and
chamber 1 further utilize locking means to hold the control valve
at the desired position or station. The demonstrated embodiment
calls for a depression 16 and cleat 76, but a notch and bump, or
dimple and dome, or similar designs that may manipulate the partial
closure of the apertures of the central air intake grate 3 could be
used. A simple lever could be used for the control valve 7, but
preferably of a type made of soft, pliable material. Optional
indicator dots 78, shown in FIG. 6, provide a differentiating means
for a position of relative open or closure, called stations.
According to this design, a final stop location may be included for
the rotatable dial in order to prevent full rotation of 360
degrees. The preferred embodiment uses 5 stations of use, however,
use of 6 or 7 stations, or alternatively, entire rotation could
used. Other variations will be obvious to one skilled in the art
and are incorporated into this disclosure.
[0065] The control valve 7 allows the wearer to reduce the volume
of incoming air. The reduction in incoming air allows an increase
in temperature of air intake as described above. This is the
selectable quantity adjustment for the air intake of the present
invention. In one embodiment, the interior valve allows the wearer
to have maximum airflow or to reduce the airflow in stages to
approximately 67% of the maximal air flow as demonstrated by
anemometry. Even when airflow is reduced, adequate air exchange is
still realized as demonstrated by ventilation studies. The valve
accessory post 17 attaches the control valve 7 for rotational or
pivot setting air flow options. The center valve accessory post 17
also can be an attachment point for various filters instead of or
in combination with the control valve 7. Filters, or restrictive
sponges, may provide benefits to wearers who have special
conditions such as asthma or need excess particulates, dust, or
humidity filtered from ambient air. A test with an air flow
anemometer has demonstrated adequate capability of the design to
allow entry of air while ventilation studies demonstrated that
oxygen and carbon dioxide were maintained in normal ranges for
health. Similar tests confirm favorable temperature and humidity
gradients.
[0066] The present invention presents a new and novel way of
managing moisture that forms as a result of warm exhaled air
touching the interior surface of a mask abutting cold ambient
temperatures. No prior mask has successfully dealt with this
problem which can cause chapping and chafing of the wearer's skin.
The present invention's moisture management system works because it
comprises four key design concepts. The first of these design
concepts involves the chemistry of the chamber. The moist air
exhaled is attracted by hydrogen bonding to the interior surfaces
of the chamber. The use of passive air flow voids 5 and moisture
management slot 6 allow an escape means for moisture that has
bonded to the mask. The moisture management slot 6 is located near
the front wall of the chamber just below the grate where a
draining, "gutter" effect is created. To further direct direction
of the flow of moisture, a textured inner surface helps moisture
accumulate courtesy of the magnified surface area for hydrogen
bonding and then escape through the apertures. The moisture
management slot 6 is spaced away from the wearer's face. In the
preferred embodiment, the apertures occur on the lower wall in
another "V"-shaped pattern. The moisture simply drains downward due
to gravity and exits at a clear distance from the wearer's skin.
The passive air flow voids 5 and moisture management slot 6 allow
both drainage of moisture and passive airflow.
[0067] A key aspect of the moisture management system comes from an
added benefit of the moisture management slot 6. Upon exhalation,
the mask is designed to force moisture and air out of the moisture
management slot 6 and passive airflow voids 5 as air is forced
through the intake grate 3 and some air is deflected downward. The
bottom and side vents also work for inhalation during times having
high intake or exhale demands. The additional apertures give a more
direct air exchange as may be desirable for outdoor sports or
labor. The moisture management system is further aided by the
raised lip 19 of the chamber which helps keep the moisture away
from the chin area of the face. These features are vital to
maintaining a dry face during activity or even when inactive.
[0068] In the preferred embodiment, the chamber 1 and the fabric
lining surrounding the chamber will rest at the bridge of the
wearer's nose. In an aspect of a further embodiment, the use of a
malleable material may supply a bridge 8 shaped to fit the wearer's
nose. Such a malleable material for the bridge 8 may include rubber
foam, spring steel, aluminum, plastic, metal, or other suitable
material. Ideally, the bridge 8 is designed into the chamber 1 or
panel 2 at the nose area and allows the wearer to mold the nose
area to their particular facial features. Desirably, the bridge 8
is hidden from view within the fabric of the panel 2 or chamber 1
of the mask. However, FIGS. 1 and 2 demonstrate a bridge 8 as
though it would be visible. FIG. 5 demonstrates the bridge 8 from
the rear of the chamber 1. The bridge design will rest comfortably
under and work in conjunction with ski goggles to prevent fogging.
This adaptation will hold the mask in place and provide even
further fogging inhibition. Excess air is inhibited from escaping
up into the eye-wear area. As a further advantage of this
adaptation, eyeglasses may also rest comfortably on the bridge 8 or
other adaptation on the top wall 14 of the chamber. An important
benefit of the present invention is that the design specifically
prevents fogging of eye-wear thereby maintaining acceptable vision.
The design further requires crash soft, or injury preventative
characteristics which will prevent injury to the nose in case of
direct trauma.
[0069] The chamber 1 is made of pliable or flexible material such
as thermoplastic, rubber polycarbonate, polyurethane, foam,
plastic, or other resin. This critical feature of the present mask
allows it to be crash soft. In other words, in case of a collision
or wreck, the wearer decreases his chance of injury to his face
because of the flexible and non-rigid design by absorbing trauma
injury and not transmitting this energy to the face. The mask is
contemplated to be produced by injection mold or other suitable
means. The valve accessory post 17 and control valve 7 may or may
not be molded on ski mask for a simpler and cheaper mask design. In
such variations, the mask would not have selectable air intake, but
only one air flow setting such as is visible in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4.
Alternatively the control valve 7 may be molded separately for
later assembly. Such assembly is demonstrated in FIG. 5.
[0070] The use of thermoplastics makes the mask extremely
malleable, thus, the moisture management system orifices may be
easily stretched to allow the insertion of oxygen flow from a tank
in rescue operations or for water, hydration, or feeding tubes.
Upon removal of such apparatuses, the thermoplastic material will
immediately return to its initial configuration. Although not
intended to replace emergency oxygen masks, this aspect of the
invention may prove useful in high altitudes, in emergency search
and rescue missions, for ski patrol, or simply for hydration during
all-day activity.
[0071] The chamber is secured to at least one fabric panel 2 for
mounting on the wearer's face. The material used for these panels
must not irritate the skin in cold weather conditions and
preferably provides additional insulation function. The panels may
cover only the cheeks, chin, and ears; cover only the cheeks, chin,
neck, ears, and base of the head or back of the neck; or cover all
of these features and the crown of the head. Other variations will
be obvious to one skilled in the art and such variations are
incorporated herein. Examples of fabric which may be used include
POLARTEC.RTM. brand fabric, water and wind resistant material such
as fleece or other fabric, flannel, nylon, or other insulating
material. Any of these materials may have characteristics of
GORE-TEX.RTM. brand fabric or other treatments or advances in cold
weather materials or fabrics.
[0072] The fabric may be cut in various formations to succeed in
covering the wearer's face, neck, ears, or head. Currently, three
embodiments exist: minimum coverage, moderate coverage, and maximum
coverage. The first embodiment, the minimum coverage design covers
the face with the chamber and has minimal panels which only cover a
portion of the face, such as the cheek 29, chin 24, and possibly
the ears 26. The first embodiment may be secured in any fashion
disclosed herein but is particularly adaptable for fastening in a
headband-like fashion. FIG. 3 shows a minimum coverage embodiment
of the present invention. A portion of the panels have been cut
away, but could also represent a terminating portion of the fabric
panels 2 such as may be desired for a tension securing mechanism.
Panels may secure the mask in a number of way including: memory
materials, resistance or elastic headband, or a bikini-type or
harness-type strap around the head which may terminate in
VELCRO.RTM. brand hook and loop fastener.
[0073] The second, and preferred, embodiment is the moderate
coverage design. See FIGS. 1 and 2. The moderate coverage
embodiment is darted or pleated 21 around the cheek 29, chin 24,
neck 25, ears 26, and back of head and neck 28 in order to provide
an aesthetically pleasing, conforming profile which optimizes wind
resistance and insulation. The combination of darting, pleating and
stretch material is optimal. The mask's tailored design aids its
snug and comfortable fit. Because the mask covers the nose and
mouth, this feature is essential. The tailored fit may encourage
and aid ongoing participation in physically demanding activities.
This feature is critical to the wearer's safety because all of the
wearer's senses and faculties remain fully accessible. The tailored
fit also allows the mask unique applications to camping where warm
air intake and cold weather protection is important. The design
also allows a camper to have his head outside a sleeping bag to
prevent excess moisture from being trapped in the bag thus causing
moisture in the bag's interior and the sleeping camper's lungs. The
fabric panels 2 of this embodiment may come around the back of head
28 and extend down to cover full neck area 25. The moderate
coverage embodiment allows more clearance for helmets and
additional fit, comfort, and warmth.
[0074] FIG. 8 demonstrates one visual representation of the maximum
coverage embodiment of the present invention. The maximum coverage
embodiment, couples the same unique chamber 1, fit, and warmth, but
utilizes maximum fabric panels 2, which completely or partially
cover the wearer's head. For this embodiment, a glasses or goggles
opening 23 is provided. The neck 25 and crown 27 may or may not be
fully enclosed.
[0075] The preferred embodiment of the mask completely covers the
ears. FIG. 3 is a front view of the chamber and the minimum
coverage embodiment of the present invention and shows the fabric
panels 2 accordingly. The ear section is denoted by a circle 9 but
in the preferred embodiment, there will be no change in fabric
quality or density at this location. According to the preferred
embodiment, stretch material desirable to the present invention
will provide enough elasticity even when fully covered to allow the
comfortable use of earphones, hearing aids, or head phones, without
specialized features. Added comfort is experienced by the wearer of
these devices because the mask will reduce background noise and
wind in the ear. Volume control on such device may be reduced to
save ear strain. Possible adaptations of the ear feature 9 for all
embodiments may include (1) a special raised formation around the
ears; (2) alternate materials covering the ears; (3) circular
openings at the ears; or (4) similar design. Workable materials to
cover the ears may include fabric, mesh, or free standing
headphones or speakers. Such adaptations may increase the ability
of the wearer to hear, but may also be advantageous when the wearer
wishes to listen to audio devices.
[0076] The combination of panels 2 and the chamber 1 must be
adjustably secured to a wearer's head. The preferred securing means
of the mask to the wearer is currently VELCRO.RTM. brand hook and
loop fastener strapping 22 affixed to the rear portions of the
panels. Other possible means of securing the mask in place may
include resistance headband, elastic, spandex, string ties, or
lacing. In the preferred embodiment, the VELCRO.RTM. brand hook and
loop fastener strapping is not visible as it is hidden within the
panels. VELCRO.RTM. brand hook and loop fastener strapping should
be sewn or otherwise affixed to the panels in order to cooperate
within the measurement ranges of adult or children head sizes,
depending on the model. Embodiments calling for full neck or head
coverage may be constructed to slip-on or over the wearer's
head.
[0077] As can be seen by the preceding disclosure and submitted
claims, the present invention meets the needs of outdoor laborers
or recreationists in a novel way where the industry has previously
failed. The present mask manages moisture, keeps the face warm and
dry, prevents fogging of goggles by fitting snugly and comfortably
and also giving an alternate exhaust with the use and placement of
multiple apertures. In addition, the mask helps humidify cold air
drawn in to the mask by the wearer.
[0078] Consistent with this disclosure, multiple fabric and pattern
variations of the panels 2 and pliable chamber 1 materials are
contemplated to meet the aesthetic and functional needs of various
wearers, including hunters, skiers, police, or military personnel.
The mask is contemplated to be offered in at least two sizing
options, one for children and one for adults. Of course,
specialized sizing is possible.
[0079] Other embodiments and uses of the invention will be apparent
to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification
and practice of the invention disclosed herein. As will be easily
understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, variations and
modifications of each of the disclosed embodiments can be easily
made within the scope of this invention as defined herein.
[0080] As stated, the preferred mode of manufacture for the present
invention is by injection mold and hand or machine sewing. These
parameters keep manufacturing costs down. Other materials could
also serve the purposes of the present invention. Other
manufacturing variations are possible and obvious within the
teachings of this disclosure.
[0081] It is further intended that any other embodiments of the
present invention which result from any changes in application or
method of use or operation, method of manufacture, shape, size, or
material which are not specified within the detailed written
description or illustrations contained herein, yet are considered
apparent or obvious to one skilled in the art, are within the scope
of the present invention.
COMPONENT LIST FOR COLD OR INCLEMENT WEATHER EXPOSURE MASK
[0082] 1--chamber [0083] 11--front wall [0084] 12--lower wall
[0085] 13--side wall [0086] 14--top wall [0087] 15 peripheral edge
[0088] 16--depression [0089] 17--post [0090] 18--flattened surface
[0091] 19--lip [0092] 2--Fabric panel [0093] 21--pleat or dart
[0094] 22--velcro or fastener [0095] 23--goggle opening [0096]
24--chin [0097] 25--neck [0098] 26--ear [0099] 27--crown [0100]
28--back of head [0101] 29--cheek [0102] 3--grate [0103]
31--openings [0104] 32--parallel bars [0105] 33--ovoid ring [0106]
34--first bar [0107] 35--second bar [0108] 36--quadrants [0109]
37--center of grate [0110] 4--slits [0111] 5--circular voids [0112]
6--slot [0113] 7--control valve [0114] 71--ovoid cylindrical
structure [0115] 72--distal face [0116] 73--proximal face [0117]
74--interior edge [0118] 75--exterior edge [0119] 76--cleat [0120]
77--hole [0121] 78--indicator dots [0122] 8--bridge [0123] 9--ear
circle
* * * * *