U.S. patent application number 14/210780 was filed with the patent office on 2014-09-18 for methods and compositions for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces.
This patent application is currently assigned to MARIA BEUG-DEEB INC. DBA T&M ASSOCIATES. The applicant listed for this patent is MARIA BEUG-DEEB INC. DBA T&M ASSOCIATES. Invention is credited to Maria U.D. BEUG-DEEB, Thomas M. DEEB.
Application Number | 20140275267 14/210780 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51530028 |
Filed Date | 2014-09-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140275267 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
BEUG-DEEB; Maria U.D. ; et
al. |
September 18, 2014 |
METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CLEANING AND DISINFECTING SURFACES
Abstract
This application relates to methods and compositions for
cleaning and disinfecting unclean surfaces that are contaminated,
typically with bacteria, viruses, yeast and molds. Broadly speaking
contaminated surfaces includes hard and soft surfaces such as those
found in household environments, in industrial environments, and
hospitals, as well as surfaces of food products such as fruits,
vegetables and meat. Further, the compositions can be prepared with
naturally occurring components that are classified as generally
considered as safe (GRAS) by the US FDA and/or comply with National
Organic Production (NOP) standards of the USDA and can therefore be
used in situations where such a classification is required such as
organic food production.
Inventors: |
BEUG-DEEB; Maria U.D.;
(Roswell, GA) ; DEEB; Thomas M.; (Roswell,
GA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
MARIA BEUG-DEEB INC. DBA T&M ASSOCIATES |
Roswell |
GA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
MARIA BEUG-DEEB INC. DBA T&M
ASSOCIATES
Roswell
GA
|
Family ID: |
51530028 |
Appl. No.: |
14/210780 |
Filed: |
March 14, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
61792061 |
Mar 15, 2013 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
514/574 ;
514/557 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61L 2202/24 20130101;
C11D 9/007 20130101; A61L 2/18 20130101; A01N 37/36 20130101; C11D
3/48 20130101; A61L 2/23 20130101; A61L 2/22 20130101; C11D 3/2086
20130101; C11D 9/26 20130101; A01N 37/36 20130101; A01N 25/30
20130101; A01N 65/00 20130101; A01N 65/40 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/574 ;
514/557 |
International
Class: |
A01N 37/36 20060101
A01N037/36; A01N 25/30 20060101 A01N025/30 |
Claims
1. A method of cleaning or disinfecting a surface comprising
contacting said surface with a composition comprising an organic
surfactant comprising a blend of C.sub.4-C.sub.24 saturated and
unsaturated fatty acid salts, such that the blend comprises at
least about 1-6% C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts, and at least
about 30% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts; and an organic acid
selected from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid,
lactic acid and malic acid; or an organic surfactant derived from
the saponification of one or more natural oils and comprising at
least about 1-6% caproic, caprylic and capric acid salts, and at
least about 30% lauric and myristic acid salts; and an organic acid
selected from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid,
lactic acid and malic acid.
2. The method of claim 1 where the C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids
salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic and capric acid salts.
3. The method of claim 1 where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid
salts are a blend of lauric and myristic acid salts.
4. The method of claim 1 where the C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids
salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic and capric acid salts and
where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts are a blend of lauric
and myristic acid salts.
5. The method of claim 1 where a biofilm is present on the
surface.
6. The method of claim 1 for the control of gram positive bacteria,
gram negative bacteria, viruses, yeast and molds.
7. The method of claim 1 for the control of gram positive bacteria,
gram negative bacteria, viruses, yeast and molds, where the gram
positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, viruses, yeast and molds
exist in the presence of biofilms, or are incorporated into
biofilms.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of rinsing of
the surface and removal of the excess solution.
9. The method of claim 1 where the organic acid is citric acid.
10. The method of claim 1 where the natural oils are selected from
coconut oil or palm oil.
11. The method of claim 1 where the contacting of the surface by
the composition is achieved by means of a low pressure applicator
or a pressure washer.
12. The method of claim 1 where the contacting of the surface by
the composition is achieved by means of Clean-In-Place
technology.
13. The method of claim 1 where the surface is selected from a
metallic, textile, plastic, glass, composite, plant material and
protein surface.
14. The method of claim 1 where the surface is selected from a
surface in the food and beverage industry.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the components of the composition
are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the US FDA for use on food
or are acceptable under the regulations of the USDA National
Organic Production (NOP).
16. A method of removing a biofilm from a surface comprising
contacting said surface with a composition comprising an organic
surfactant comprising a blend of C.sub.4-C.sub.24 saturated and
unsaturated fatty acid salts, such that the blend comprises at
least about 1-6% C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts, and at least
about 30% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts; and an organic acid
selected from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid,
lactic acid and malic acid.
17. The method of claim 16 where the C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids
salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic and capric acid salts.
18. The method of claim 16 where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid
salts are a blend of lauric and myristic acid salts.
19. The method of claim 16 where the C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids
salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic and capric acid salts and
where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts are a blend of lauric
and myristic acid salts.
20. The method of claim 16 wherein the components of the
composition are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the US FDA for
use on food or are acceptable under the regulations of the USDA
National Organic Production (NOP).
21. An antimicrobial composition consisting essentially of an
organic surfactant comprising a blend of C.sub.4-C.sub.24 saturated
and unsaturated fatty acid salts, such that the blend comprises at
least about 1-6% C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts, and at least
about 30% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts; and an organic acid
selected from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid,
lactic acid and malic acid.
22. The composition of claim 21 where the C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty
acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic and capric acid
salts.
23. The composition of claim 21 where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty
acid salts are a blend of lauric and myristic acid salts.
24. The composition of claim 21 where the C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty
acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic and capric acid salts
and where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts are a blend of
lauric and myristic acid salts.
25. The composition of claim 21 wherein the components of the
composition are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the US FDA for
use on food or are acceptable under the regulations of the USDA
National Organic Production (NOP).
26. An antimicrobial composition consisting essentially of an
organic surfactant comprising a blend of C.sub.4-C.sub.24 saturated
and unsaturated fatty acid salts, such that the blend comprises at
least about 1-6% C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts, and at least
about 30% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts; an organic acid
selected from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid,
lactic acid and malic acid; and water.
27. The composition of claim 26 where the C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty
acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic and capric acid
salts.
28. The composition of claim 26 where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty
acid salts are a blend of lauric and myristic acid salts.
29. The composition of claim 26 where the C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty
acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic and capric acid salts
and where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts are a blend of
lauric and myristic acid salts.
30. The composition of claim 26 wherein the components of the
composition are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the US FDA for
use on food or are acceptable under the regulations of the USDA
National Organic Production (NOP).
31. An antimicrobial composition consisting essentially of from
about 0.5% to about 10% saponified coconut oil as the sodium or
potassium salt; from about 1.0% to about 50% citric acid; and from
about 40% to about 99% water.
32. The composition of claim 31 wherein the components of the
composition are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the US FDA for
use on food or are acceptable under the regulations of the USDA
National Organic Production (NOP).
33. An aqueous antimicrobial composition consisting essentially of
about 2% saponified coconut oil as the sodium or potassium salt;
about 10% citric acid; and about 88% water.
34. The composition of claim 33 wherein the components of the
composition are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the US FDA for
use on food or are acceptable under the regulations of the USDA
National Organic Production (NOP).
35. An antimicrobial solid composition consisting essentially of
from about 0.5% to about 20% of an organic surfactant comprising at
least 1-6% caproic, caprylic and capric acid salts, and at least
about 30% lauric and myristic acid salts; and from about 1.0-99.5%
citric acid.
36. The composition of claim 35 wherein the components of the
composition are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the US FDA for
use on food or are acceptable under the regulations of the USDA
National Organic Production (NOP).
37. An antimicrobial solid composition consisting essentially of
about 17% saponified coconut oil as the sodium or potassium salt;
and about 83% citric acid.
38. The composition of claim 37 wherein the components of the
composition are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the US FDA for
use on food or are acceptable under the regulations of the USDA
National Organic Production (NOP).
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/792,061 filed on Mar. 15, 2013, which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This application relates to the problem of cleaning and
disinfecting unclean surfaces that are contaminated, typically with
bacteria, viruses, yeast and molds.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Broadly speaking contaminated surfaces includes hard
surfaces and soft surfaces such as those found in household
environments, in industrial environments, surfaces of food products
such as fruits, vegetables and meat, and exterior and interior
surfaces of the human body that may become exposed to microbes. It
also pertains to exterior and interior and exterior surfaces of
equipment that can be contaminated, such as those found in the food
industry or the medical equipment found in hospitals and health
care facilities, as well as surfaces of implanted devices such as
catheters, prosthetic cardiac valves and intrauterine devices.
[0004] All such surfaces are at risk of contamination if they are
exposed to non-sterile water, air. or soil or other environments
where microbes are present.
[0005] There is a growing scientific recognition that bacterial
organisms which actively populate these common surfaces may form
organized communities called biofilms. Bacterial cells forming
these biofilm communities assume a biological phenotype that is
markedly different than their corresponding planktonic (non-surface
attached, or free-swimming) bacterial analogs (W. G. Characklis,
"Microbial Biofouling Control" in Biofilms, Characklis and
Marshall, eds., Wiley & Sons, 1990, J. W. Costerton, Ann Rev.
Microb. 49:7110-7145, 1995). Biofilms are a special form of
contamination that have been shown to require as much 1000 time the
dose of routine biocides in order to eradicate the microorganism
contained within, as compared to planktonic forms.
[0006] The significantly decreased susceptibility of biofilm cells
to biocides has been documented in numerous studies. See for
example: A B. Ronner, et al., J. Food Prot. 56:750-758, 1993; J. W.
Costerton, supra, 1995, P. Gilbert and M. R. W. Brown, Microbial
Biofilms, Lappin-Scott and Costerton, Eds., University Press, 1995;
S. Oie, et al., Microbios. 85:223-230, 1996; J. R. Das, et al.,
Changes In Biocide Susceptibility of Bacteria Following Attachment
to Surfaces, poster presentation, American Society of Microbiology
Conference on Microbial Biofilms, Snowbird, Utah, 1997; C.
Ntasama-Essomba, et al., Veter. Res. 28:353-363, 1997, J. W.
Costerton, Internat. J. Antimicrob. Agents 11:217-221, 1999.
[0007] Because of the nature of biofilms, today it is common
practice that in order to treat and remove or reduce contamination,
a 4-step cleaning process is required. This process involves
cleaning the surface with a surfactant containing solution,
typically at elevated temperatures with scrubbing action, rinsing
of the surface with clean water to remove the cleaning agents and
biofilms, followed by treatment of the surface with and
antimicrobial for the required time frame, followed by rinsing the
surface with clean water to remove the antimicrobial agent and
bacteria. This 4-step process is expensive because it requires,
labor, energy, water and time which increases the cost of doing
business. Further it is known that this 4-step process does not
prevent regrowth of the organism as the anti-microbial agent is
removed through the process thereby leaving the surface available
for re-inoculation, biofilm formation and therefore the ability of
microbes to grow and flourish.
[0008] Whether the contamination occurs from biofilms or free
swimming organisms, there is a need for convenient and less labor
intensive methods for decontamination of environmental
surfaces.
[0009] Most chemical products suitable for use on foodstuff or hard
food contact surfaces do not have significant antimicrobial and
microbicidal properties. Sanitizing products which exhibit
significant antimicrobial and/or microbicidal properties have
historically been considered unsafe or suspect as containing
ingredients which are not classified by the United States Food and
Drug Administration (USFDA) as GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe)
for food contact or as a food additive.
[0010] Methods and compositions that are safe for use in the food
and healthcare industry, would be particularly useful, especially
compositions that would be acceptable in organic food production
and processing, which require components that are Generally
Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the United States Food and Drug
Administration and/or meet the United States Department of
Agriculture's National Organic Program requirements.
SUMMARY
[0011] In accordance with the purpose(s) of the invention, as
embodied and broadly described herein, the invention relates to a
method of cleaning and/or disinfecting a surface comprising
contacting the surface with a composition comprising [0012] an
organic surfactant comprising a blend of C.sub.4-C.sub.24 saturated
and unsaturated fatty acid salts, such that the blend comprises at
least about 1-6% C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts, and at least
about 30% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts; and [0013] an organic
acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric
acid, lactic acid and malic acid.
[0014] In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of
removing a biofilm from a surface comprising contacting said
surface with a composition comprising [0015] an organic surfactant
comprising a blend of C4-C24 saturated and unsaturated fatty acid
salts, such that the blend comprises at least about 1-6% C6 C10
fatty acids salts, and at least about 30% C12-C14 fatty acid salts;
and [0016] an organic acid selected from the group consisting of
citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid and malic acid.
[0017] In another aspect, the invention relates to an antimicrobial
composition consisting essentially of an organic surfactant
comprising a blend of C.sub.4-C.sub.24 saturated and unsaturated
fatty acid salts, such that the blend comprises at least about 1-6%
C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts, and at least about 30%
C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts; and an organic acid selected
from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic
acid and malic acid.
[0018] Also disclosed are methods and compositions in which the
components of the composition are generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
by the US FDA for use on food and/or are acceptable under the
regulations of the USDA National Organic Production (NOP).
[0019] While aspects of the present invention can be described and
claimed in a particular statutory class, such as the system
statutory class, this is for convenience only and one of skill in
the art will understand that each aspect of the present invention
can be described and claimed in any statutory class. Unless
otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any
method or aspect set forth herein be construed as requiring that
its steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a
method claim does not specifically state in the claims or
descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order,
it is no way intended that an order be inferred, in any respect.
This holds for any possible non-express basis for interpretation,
including matters of logic with respect to arrangement of steps or
operational flow, plain meaning derived from grammatical
organization or punctuation, or the number or type of aspects
described in the specification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0020] The accompanying figures, which are incorporated in and
constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several aspects
and together with the description serve to explain the principles
of the invention.
[0021] FIG. 1 shows the log reduction vs. time of an E. coli
contaminated surface that has been treated with a composition
comprising citric acid and saponified coconut oil.
[0022] FIG. 2 shows the log reduction vs. time of a Salmonella spp.
contaminated surface that has been treated with a composition
comprising citric acid and saponified coconut oil.
[0023] FIG. 3 shows the log reduction vs. time of a Staphylococcus
aureus contaminated surface that has been treated with a
composition comprising citric acid and saponified coconut oil.
[0024] Additional advantages of the invention will be set forth in
part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious
from the description, or can be learned by practice of the
invention. The advantages of the invention will be realized and
attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly
pointed out in the appended claims. It is to be understood that
both the foregoing general description and the following detailed
description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not
restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
DESCRIPTION
[0025] The present invention can be understood more readily by
reference to the following detailed description of the invention
and the Examples included therein.
[0026] Before the present compounds, compositions, articles,
systems, devices, and/or methods are disclosed and described, it is
to be understood that they are not limited to specific synthetic
methods unless otherwise specified, or to particular reagents
unless otherwise specified, as such may, of course, vary. It is
also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the
purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended
to be limiting. Although any methods and materials similar or
equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or
testing of the present invention, example methods and materials are
now described.
[0027] All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by
reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in
connection with which the publications are cited. The publications
discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to
the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be
construed as an admission that the present invention is not
entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior invention.
Further, the dates of publication provided herein can be different
from the actual publication dates, which can require independent
confirmation.
A. Definitions
[0028] As used herein, nomenclature for compounds, including
organic compounds, can be given using common names, IUPAC, IUBMB,
or CAS recommendations for nomenclature. When one or more
stereochemical features are present, Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules for
stereochemistry can be employed to designate stereochemical
priority, E/Z specification, and the like. One of skill in the art
can readily ascertain the structure of a compound If given a name,
either by systemic reduction of the compound structure using naming
conventions, or by commercially available software, such as
CHEMDRAW.TM. (Cambridgesoft Corporation, U.S.A.).
[0029] As used in the specification and the appended claims, the
singular forms "a," "an" and "the" include plural referents unless
the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example,
reference to "a functional group," "an alkyl," or "a residue"
includes mixtures of two or more such functional groups, alkyls, or
residues, and the like.
[0030] Ranges can be expressed herein as from "about" one
particular value, and/or to "about" another particular value. When
such a range is expressed, a further aspect includes from the one
particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly,
when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the
antecedent "about," it will be understood that the particular value
forms a further aspect. It will be further understood that the
endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to
the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint. It is
also understood that there are a number of values disclosed herein,
and that each value is also herein disclosed as "about" that
particular value in addition to the value itself. For example, if
the value "10" is disclosed, then "about 10" is also disclosed. It
is also understood that each unit between two particular units are
also disclosed. For example, if 10 and 15 are disclosed, then 11,
12, 13, and 14 are also disclosed.
[0031] References in the specification and concluding claims to
parts by weight of a particular element or component in a
composition denotes the weight relationship between the element or
component and any other elements or components in the composition
or article for which a part by weight is expressed. Thus, in a
compound containing 2 parts by weight of component X and 5 parts by
weight component Y, X and Y are present at a weight ratio of 2:5,
and are present in such ratio regardless of whether additional
components are contained in the compound.
[0032] A weight percent (wt %) of a component, unless specifically
stated to the contrary, is based on the total weight of the
formulation or composition in which the component is included.
[0033] As used herein, the term "biofilm" or "biofilm EPS" refers
to an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each
other on a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded
within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance
(EPS), a generally sticky rigid structure of polysaccharides, DNA,
and other organic contaminants. A biofilm layer is anchored firmly
to a surface and provides a protective environment in which
microorganisms grow. Bacteria, viruses, yeasts, molds, and fungi
contained in the biofilms can become dormant and therefore reduce
their uptake of nutrients and/or antimicrobial agents. Biofilms
have been found to be involved in a wide variety of microbial
infections in the body, such as urinary tract infections, catheter
infections, middle-ear infections, formation of dental plaque,
gingivitis, coating contact lenses, and serious and potentially
lethal processes such as endocarditis, infections in cystic
fibrosis, and infections of permanent indwelling devices such as
joint prostheses and heart valves. Bacterial biofilms may impair
cutaneous wound healing and reduce topical antibacterial efficiency
in healing or treating infected skin wounds. Biofilms are also
present on the removed tissue of 80% of patients undergoing surgery
for chronic sinusitis. Biofilms can also be formed on the inert
surfaces of implanted devices such as catheters, prosthetic cardiac
valves and intrauterine devices.
[0034] Additional discussions of biofilms are found in the
following which are incorporated herein by reference: [0035]
Hall-Stoodley L, Costerton J W, Stoodley P (February 2004).
"Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious
diseases". Nature Reviews. Microbiology 2 (2): 95-108. [0036] Lear,
G; Lewis, G D (editor) (2012). Microbial Biofilms: Current Research
and Applications. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-96-7.
[0037] Stewart P S, Costerton J W (July 2001). "Antibiotic
resistance of bacteria in biofilms". Lancet 358 (9276): 135-8.
[0038] Parsek M R, Singh P K (2003). "Bacterial biofilms: an
emerging link to disease pathogenesis". Annual Review of
Microbiology 57: 677-701. [0039] Sanclement J, Webster P, Thomas J,
Ramadan H (2005). "Bacterial biofilms in surgical specimens of
patients with chronic rhinosinusitis". Laryngoscope 115 (4):
578-82. [0040] Ramadan H H, Sanclement J A, Thomas J G (March
2005). "Chronic rhinosinusitis and biofilms". Otolaryngology--Head
and Neck Surgery 132 (3): 414-7. [0041] Bendouah Z, Barbeau J,
Hamad W A, Desrosiers M (June 2006). "Biofilm formation by
Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with
an unfavorable evolution after surgery for chronic sinusitis and
nasal polyposis". Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery 134 (6):
991-6. [0042] Lynch A S, Robertson G T (2008). "Bacterial and
fungal biofilm infections". Annual Review of Medicine 59: 415-28.
[0043] Allison, D. G. (2000). Community structure and co-operation
in biofilms. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN
0-521-79302-5. [0044] Lynch, James F.; Lappin-Scott, Hilary M.;
Costerton, J. W. (2003). Microbial biofilms. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-54212-X. [0045] Fratamico,
M. (2009). Biofilms in the food and beverage industries. Woodhead
Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-84569-477-7.
[0046] As used herein, the term "antimicrobial" refers to an agent
or a property of an agent that kills microorganisms or inhibits
their growth. The microorganisms may be bacteria, fungi, viruses,
or parasites such as protozoa. The antimicrobial agent can be
referred to as a biocide, bactericide, slimicide, algicide,
fungistat, mildewstat, and the like, depending on the organism that
is killed or inhibited by the agent.
[0047] As used herein, the term "slime" refers to a layer of
biofilm or biofilm EPS.
[0048] As used herein, the term "natural oil" refers to any of the
edible vegetable oils derived from natural sources and includes
coconut oil, palm oil, soybean oil, corn oil canola (rapeseed) oil,
peanut oil, safflower oil, cotton seed sunflower oil and the like.
The natural oils may be optionally hydrogenated.
[0049] As used herein, the term "environmental surface" includes
washable hard, nonporous surfaces found in hospitals, medical and
dental offices, nursing homes, health care facilities, ultrasonic
baths (ultrasonic cleaning units), federally inspected food
processing facilities, federally inspected meat and poultry plants,
wineries, breweries, beverage manufacturing facilities, dairy
farms, swine farms, poultry and turkey farms, farm premises,
hatcheries, refrigerated trucks, kennels, pet animal quarters,
zoos, pet shops, animal laboratories, veterinary facilities, animal
care facilities, transportation terminals, hotels and motels,
factories, business and office buildings, barber shops, salons,
boats, ships, campers, trailers, mobile homes, homes, kitchens,
bathrooms, household areas, cars, buses, trains, taxis, airplanes,
restaurants, bars, cafeterias, institutional kitchens, food
preparation and storage areas, convenience stores, food storage
areas, tattoo parlors, public rest rooms, institutions, schools and
colleges, athletic facilities, sports facilities, gym rooms, locker
rooms, dressing rooms, shower and bath areas, exercise equipment,
large, inflatable, non-porous plastic and rubber structures
(animals, promotional items, moonwalk, slides, obstacle course play
equipment, exercise equipment and wrestling mats.
[0050] Examples of such surfaces include medical machines (X-ray,
MRIs, CAT scanners and the like), noncritical medical devices and
equipment surfaces; steam sterilizer water reservoirs, steam
sterilizer water reservoir tubing; water reservoir tanks, water
reservoir pipes, tanks, and piping systems used in food processing;
floors, walls, countertops, stovetops, sinks, appliances,
refrigerators (exteriors), plastic and other nonporous cutting
boards and chopping blocks; coolers, ice chests; nonresidential
refrigerator bins (exteriors) for meat, fruit, vegetable and egg;
food processing equipment (k-pac equipment, injectors, slicers,
knives, steel mesh gloves, deboners, saws, grinders, cutters,
racks, dairy equipment, interlocking belts, outside surfaces of
kitchen equipment, beer fermentation and holding tanks, brewery
pasteurizers, wine fermentation tanks, beverage dispensing
equipment, beverage transfer lines, bottling or premix dispensing
equipment); drinking water coolers, ice making machines, transfer
line tubing, water lines, watering systems, farm animal nipple
drinkers; cabinets, highchairs, garbage cans, garbage storage
areas, refrigerated storage and display equipment (exteriors),
tables, picnic tables (non-wooden and finished/sealed or painted),
outdoor furniture, chairs, desks, telephones, doorknobs, shower
stalls, tubs and glazed tiles, whirlpool bathtubs, bathtubs, sinks,
urinals, exterior toilet bowl surfaces, other bathroom fixtures;
kennel runs, cages, waterers and feeders, automatic feeders,
hauling equipment, dressing plants, loading equipment, farrowing
barns and related areas (nursery blocks, creep areas), chutes, feed
racks, mangers, troughs, fountains and waterers, forks, shovels,
scrapers, barns, pens, stalls, facilities and fixtures occupied or
traversed by animals, hatchery areas (egg receiving and holding,
setter room, tray dumping, chick holding, processing and loading),
trays, buggies, racks, egg flats, poultry buildings, ceilings,
sidewalls and floors, drinkers and other poultry house related
equipment; coils and drain pans of air conditioning and
refrigeration equipment and heat pumps, conductive flooring;
nonporous salon/barber tools and instruments (combs, brushes,
scissors, blades, pedicure and manicure instruments, pedicure and
manicure tubs); and other hard nonporous surfaces that are made of
metal, stainless steel, glazed porcelain, glazed ceramic, sealed
stone, hard fiberglass (bathtubs, tubs, shower stalls, and sinks),
plastic (such as polystyrene, polypropylene), glazed porcelain
tiling, enameled surfaces, finished/sealed and painted woodwork,
finished floors, Formica.RTM., vinyl and plastic upholstery and the
like.
[0051] As used herein, the term "Clean-in-Place Technology" or
"CIP" refers to industrial methods and equipment for cleaning the
interior surfaces of processing vessels, pipes, and associated
hardware, without the necessity of disassembling the equipment. CIP
is frequently used in processing plants to clean pipes, storage
tanks, workspaces and conveyance systems between production cycles
of different food stuffs and products. Industries and equipment
that utilize Clean-in-Place (CIP) technology include those that
require frequent and high quality of cleaning and sanitation, such
as: brewing, dairy, pharmaceutical, beverage, processed foods, and
cosmetics. CIP systems are designed to fit the specific needs of
the equipment and may utilize high pressure turbulent gas flow,
high flow-rate solvent, reverse flow valves, high pressure or
energy spray, high or elevated temperature, application of chemical
detergents and filtration sampling systems and sensors.
[0052] As used herein, the term "organic acid" is refers to any
carboxylic acid, including those which are derived from sources in
nature, such as acetic, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid,
lactic acid and the like.
[0053] As used herein, the term "NOP" refers to the USDA National
Organic Program which sets regulations and guidance on
certification, production, handling, and labeling of USDA organic
products.
[0054] As used herein, the term "GRAS" pertains to a substance that
is classified by regulatory agencies as "generally recognized as
safe" under the conditions of its intended use.
[0055] As used herein, the term "organic surfactant" refers to a
surfactant or a blend of surfactants derived from saponification of
a natural oil, and includes saponified coconut oil, saponified palm
oil, and the like. These surfactants are typically salts of fatty
carboxylic acids (carboxylates) with a chain length of from four to
twenty-two carbons. The can fully saturated or partially
unsaturated. The organic surfactants can be individual salts of a
single fatty acid, or a blend of several fatty acid salts.
[0056] As used herein, the term "food and beverage industry" refers
to industrial and agricultural activities in which food and
beverages are prepared, processed and stored, and includes meat and
poultry plants, wineries, breweries, beverage manufacturing
facilities, dairy farms, swine farms, poultry and turkey farms,
farm premises, hatcheries, refrigerated trucks, restaurants, bars,
cafeterias, institutional kitchens, convenience stores food
preparation areas, food storage areas and food service areas.
[0057] As used herein, the term "disinfecting agent" or
"disinfectant" refers to a substance with the ability to kill or
destroy microorganisms from a surface by direct contact.
[0058] As used herein, the term "medical machines" refers to X-ray
machines, MRIs, CAT scanners, dental unit water lines, catheters,
prosthetic cardiac valves and intrauterine devices and the like, as
well as noncritical medical devices and equipment surfaces.
[0059] As used herein, the term "organic agriculture", "organic
production", "organic farming", or "organically grown" refers to
methods of food production which do not involve the use of
synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, and in which producers can be
certified for adhering to standards and requirements stipulated by
the appropriate regulating body, such as the USDA National Organic
Program (NOP. For example, in the United States, organic producers
comply with the "National List of Allowed and prohibited
Substances" which identifies substances which may be used and the
non-synthetic substances that cannot be used in organic
production.
[0060] As used herein, the term "protein surface" refers to meat
surfaces, including animal carcasses such as beef, swine and
poultry carcasses; and the skin surface and surface of butchered
cuts of meat. It also refers to exterior and interior surfaces of
the human body that may become exposed to microorganisms, such as
skin surfaces, especially in and around wounds, the thoracic
cavity, the abdominal cavity, synovial spaces, urinary bladder,
lungs, sinus cavities, external auditory canal, oral pharynx,
pericardial space, and the like.
[0061] As used herein, the terms "optional" or "optionally" means
that the subsequently described event or circumstance can or cannot
occur, and that the description includes instances where said event
or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.
[0062] As used herein, "kit" means a collection of at least two
components constituting the kit. Together, the components
constitute a functional unit for a given purpose. Individual member
components may be physically packaged together or separately. For
example, a kit comprising an instruction for using the kit may or
may not physically include the instruction with other individual
member components. Instead, the instruction can be supplied as a
separate member component, either in a paper form or an electronic
form which may be supplied on computer readable memory device or
downloaded from an internet website, or as recorded
presentation.
[0063] As used herein, "instruction(s)" means documents describing
relevant materials or methodologies pertaining to a kit. These
materials may include any combination of the following: background
information, list of components and their availability information
(purchase information, etc.), brief or detailed protocols for using
the kit, trouble-shooting, references, technical support, and any
other related documents. Instructions can be supplied with the kit
or as a separate member component, either as a paper form or an
electronic form which may be supplied on computer readable memory
device or downloaded from an internet website, or as recorded
presentation. Instructions can comprise one or multiple documents,
and are meant to include future updates.
[0064] The terms "hydrolysable group" and "hydrolysable moiety"
refer to a functional group capable of undergoing hydrolysis, e.g.,
under basic or acidic conditions. Examples of hydrolysable residues
include, without limitation, acid halides, activated carboxylic
acids, and various protecting groups known in the art (see, for
example, "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis," T. W. Greene, P.
G. M. Wuts, Wiley-Interscience, 1999).
[0065] Compounds described herein can contain one or more double
bonds and, thus, potentially give rise to cis/trans (E/Z) isomers,
as well as other conformational isomers. Unless stated to the
contrary, the invention includes all such possible isomers, as well
as mixtures of such isomers.
[0066] Unless stated to the contrary, a formula with chemical bonds
shown only as solid lines and not as wedges or dashed lines
contemplates each possible isomer, e.g., each enantiomer and
diastereomer, and a mixture of isomers, such as a racemic or
scalemic mixture. Compounds described herein can contain one or
more asymmetric centers and, thus, potentially give rise to
diastereomers and optical isomers. Unless stated to the contrary,
the present invention includes all such possible diastereomers as
well as their racemic mixtures, their substantially pure resolved
enantiomers, all possible geometric isomers, and pharmaceutically
acceptable salts thereof. Mixtures of stereoisomers, as well as
isolated specific stereoisomers, are also included. During the
course of the synthetic procedures used to prepare such compounds,
or in using racemization or epimerization procedures known to those
skilled in the art, the products of such procedures can be a
mixture of stereoisomers.
[0067] Many organic compounds exist in optically active forms
having the ability to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. In
describing an optically active compound, the prefixes D and L or R
and S are used to denote the absolute configuration of the molecule
about its chiral center(s). The prefixes d and 1 or (+) and (-) are
employed to designate the sign of rotation of plane-polarized light
by the compound. For example, a compound prefixed with (-) or 1
meaning that the compound is levorotatory or a compound prefixed
with (+) or d meaning that the compound is dextrorotatory. For a
given chemical structure, these compounds, called stereoisomers,
are identical except that they are non-superimposable mirror images
of one another. A specific stereoisomer can also be referred to as
an enantiomer, and a mixture of such isomers is often called an
enantiomeric mixture. A 50:50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to
as a racemic mixture. Many of the compounds described herein can
have one or more chiral centers and therefore can exist in
different enantiomeric forms. If desired, a chiral carbon can be
designated with an asterisk (*). When bonds to the chiral carbon
are depicted as straight lines in the disclosed formulas, it is
understood that both the (R) and (S) configurations of the chiral
carbon, and hence both enantiomers and mixtures thereof, are
embraced within the formula. As is used in the art, when it is
desired to specify the absolute configuration about a chiral
carbon, one of the bonds to the chiral carbon can be depicted as a
wedge (bonds to atoms above the plane) and the other can be
depicted as a series or wedge of short parallel lines is (bonds to
atoms below the plane). The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system can be used
to assign the (R) or (S) configuration to a chiral carbon.
[0068] Compounds described herein comprise atoms in both their
natural isotopic abundance and in non-natural abundance. The
disclosed compounds can be isotopically-labeled or
isotopically-substituted compounds identical to those described,
but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom
having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass
or mass number typically found in nature. Examples of isotopes that
can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include
isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous,
fluorine and chlorine, such as .sup.2H, .sup.3H, .sup.13C,
.sup.14C, .sup.15N, .sup.18O, .sup.17O, .sup.35S, .sup.18F, and
.sup.36Cl, respectively. Compounds further comprise prodrugs
thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds or
of said prodrugs which contain the aforementioned isotopes and/or
other isotopes of other atoms are within the scope of this
invention. Certain isotopically-labeled compounds of the present
invention, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such
as .sup.3H and .sup.14C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or
substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated, i.e., .sup.3H, and
carbon-14, i.e., .sup.14C, isotopes are particularly preferred for
their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution
with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e., .sup.2H, can afford
certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic
stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced
dosage requirements and, hence, may be preferred in some
circumstances. Isotopically labeled compounds of the present
invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by
carrying out the procedures below, by substituting a readily
available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically
labeled reagent.
[0069] Certain materials, compounds, compositions, and components
disclosed herein can be obtained commercially or readily
synthesized using techniques generally known to those of skill in
the art. For example, the starting materials and reagents used in
preparing the disclosed compounds and compositions are either
available from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich Chemical Co.,
(Milwaukee, Wis.), Acros Organics (Morris Plains, N.J.), Fisher
Scientific (Pittsburgh, Pa.), or Sigma (St. Louis, Mo.) or are
prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art following
procedures set forth in references such as Fieser and Fieser's
Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volumes 1-17 (John Wiley and Sons,
1991); Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Volumes 1-5 and
Supplementals (Elsevier Science Publishers, 1989); Organic
Reactions, Volumes 1-40 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991); March's
Advanced Organic Chemistry, (John Wiley and Sons, 4th Edition); and
Larock's Comprehensive Organic Transformations (VCH Publishers
Inc., 1989).
[0070] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended
that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its
steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method
claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps
or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or
descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order,
it is no way intended that an order be inferred, in any
respect.
[0071] This holds for any possible non-express basis for
interpretation, including: matters of logic with respect to
arrangement of steps or operational flow; plain meaning derived
from grammatical organization or punctuation; and the number or
type of embodiments described in the specification.
B. Compositions
1. Example Compositions
[0072] An antimicrobial composition of the invention is a blend of
an organic acid such as, but not limited to, citric acid, tartaric
acid, lactic acid and malic acid, and a surfactant mixture
comprising salts of fatty acids.
[0073] The mixture of fatty acids salts can be the direct
saponification products of a natural oil such as coconut oil or
palm oil, such that the mixture of salts comprises at least from
about 1 to about 6% of C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts, (salts
of caproic, caprylic, and capric acid), and at least about 30% of
C.sub.12-C.sub.14 acid salts (salts of lauric and myristic acid).
An example of such a mixture is that obtained from saponified
coconut oil which comprises salts of the following saturated fatty
acids: butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid,
lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, steric acid, eicosanoic
acid, docosanoic acid and tetracosanoic acid; salts of the
following mono-unsaturated fatty acids: palmitoleic acid, oleic
acid, eicosenoic acid, erucic acid, and tetrecoseinaoic acid; and
the following polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic acid, linolenic
acid, eleosteric acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid,
docosatetraenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic
acid.
[0074] Alternatively, the surfactant mixture can be fatty acid
salts that is a blend of the individual C.sub.4-C.sub.24 saturated
and unsaturated fatty acid salts, provided that the blend comprises
at least from about 1 to about 6% of C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids
salts, (salts of caproic, caprylic, and capric acid), and at least
about 30% of C.sub.12-C.sub.14 acid salts (salts of lauric and
myristic acid).
[0075] The compositions can be prepared from individual aqueous
solutions of the organic acid and surfactants, in a ratio of
organic acid to surfactant of from about 2:1 to about 10:1 and
diluted so that the composition of the aqueous antimicrobial
composition comprises from about 40% to about 99% water.
[0076] An embodiment of this aspect is an aqueous antimicrobial
composition comprising about 10% citric acid, about 2% saponified
coconut oil and about 88% water.
[0077] Alternatively, the organic acid and surfactants may be dry
blended in a ratio of organic acid to surfactant of from about 2:1
to about 10:1 to form a solid antimicrobial composition, and then
added to water so that the aqueous antimicrobial composition of the
solution comprises from 40% to about 99% water.
[0078] An embodiment of this aspect is an solid antimicrobial
composition comprising 83% citric acid solid and 17% saponified
coconut oil, as the sodium or potassium salt or blends thereof.
[0079] The water used for the compositions or forming the aqueous
solutions of the compositions is selected based on the end use of
the composition. The water source can be normal potable tap water,
distilled water, or deionized, sterile (microbe-free) water.
[0080] The compositions in this ratio deliver the desired enhanced
antimicrobial activity on cleaned surfaces as well as on uncleaned
surfaces in the presence of soils, biological materials, and
biofilms.
[0081] Saponification of natural oils is a well-known procedure
known in the art, representing a basic hydrolysis reaction of the
triglycerides to produce fatty acid salts and glycerol The base
used for the hydrolysis can be sodium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium
hydroxide, zinc hydroxide and the like, the selection of which
determines which cation is associated with the fatty acid
carboxylate. Interchange of cations can also be accomplished by
single displacement reactions and by ion exchange columns
[0082] It is to be understood that the compositions of the
invention can have any of the possible cations associated with the
fatty acid salts and that the choice will depend on the aqueous
solubility and the desired concentration of the organic acid and
surfactant in water.
[0083] The compositions of the invention may also include one or
more further optional constituents such as known art additives. By
way of non-limiting example, such constituents include: water
soluble and or dispersible inerts such as silica dioxide or
titanium dioxide, further surfactants, particularly surfactants
which are useful for the removal of greasy soils, foaming agents
and foam stabilizers, coloring agents, including dyes and pigment
compositions, fragrances (whether natural or synthetically
produced), fragrance adjuvants and/or fragrance solubilizers,
viscosity modifying agents including thickeners or gelling agents,
pH adjusting agents, pH buffers, antioxidants, water softening
agents, further solubilizing agents which might be useful in the
solubilization of one or more of the constituents in water,
preservative compositions, as well as other known art additives not
particularly elucidated here. Such constituents as described above
include known art compositions, including those described in
McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American Edition,
1991; Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Ed.,
Vol. 22, pp. 346-387, the contents of which are herein incorporated
by reference.
[0084] The compositions are useful for cleaning and disinfecting
unclean surfaces that are contaminated, typically with bacteria,
viruses, yeast and molds and like. Broadly speaking contaminated
surfaces include hard surfaces such as those found in household
environments, in industrial environments, surfaces of food products
such as fruits, vegetables and meat, and exterior and interior
surfaces of the human body that may become exposed to microbes. The
compositions are also useful for cleaning and disinfecting
contaminated soft surfaces such as textiles comprised of natural
fibers, synthetic fibers, or blends thereof. In addition, the
compositions are useful for cleaning interior and exterior surfaces
of equipment that are can become contaminated, such as those found
in the food industry or on the medical equipment found in hospitals
and health care facilities, as well as surfaces of implanted
devices such as catheters, prosthetic cardiac valves and
intrauterine devices.
[0085] All such surfaces are at risk of contamination if they are
exposed to non-sterile water, air or soil or other environments
where microbes are present.
[0086] Generally, the disclosed compositions exhibit antimicrobial
activity against gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria,
viruses, yeast, parasites, rickettsia and molds. Further, the
antimicrobial formulation is effective against gram positive
bacteria, gram negative bacteria, viruses, yeast, parasites,
rickettsia and molds in the presence of biofilms, as well as when
the microorganisms are incorporated into or a part of biofilms and
an associated biofilm matrix.
[0087] The disclosed compositions can also be used for eliminating
infections in the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, synovial
spaces, urinary bladder, lungs, sinus cavities, external auditory
canal, oral pharynx, pericardial space, and the like, by
microorganisms and viruses. In particular the compositions may be
used for elimination of infections including pathogenic
microorganisms including Gram negative and positive bacteria,
yeast, fungi, rickettsia and the like as well as normally
nonpathogenic microorganisms present in the body cavities or
spaces, which spaces or cavities do not normally harbor or support
the growth of such organisms.
C. Formulations of the Compositions
[0088] Also disclosed herein are formulations and kits of the
antimicrobial compositions.
[0089] The solid antimicrobial composition can be prepared several
ways but not limited to physical mixing of the materials and spray
drying to form powders, which can be further converted to
formulated as pastes, gels, hard compressed tablets, or by addition
of water and other additives known in the art, formulated as liquid
concentrates. Any of these formulations can be containerized either
in small consumer-friendly packaging or larger, bulk institutional
sizes (5-20 lb. pails). In addition, premeasured quantities of the
dry powders can be packaged in water soluble sachets that dissolve
in the presence of water, releasing the materials to form the
solution of the antimicrobial composition, such as those provided
by Castle Dome Solutions (Castle Dome Solutions, 12426 E. County
8th Street, Yuma, Ariz. 85367) in premeasured quantities for ease
of use and dispensing.
[0090] The antimicrobial composition may be formulated in aqueous
solution along with water soluble and or dispersible inerts such as
silica dioxide or titanium dioxide, further surfactants, foaming
agents and foam stabilizers, defoaming agents, coloring agents,
including dyes and pigment compositions, fragrances (whether
natural or synthetically produced), fragrance adjuvants and/or
fragrance solubilizers, viscosity modifying agents including
thickeners or gelling agents, pH adjusting agents, pH buffers,
antioxidants, water softening agents, further solubilizing agents
which might be useful in the solubilization of one or more of the
constituents in water, preservative compositions, as well as other
known art additives not particularly elucidated here.
[0091] The compositions can be included in kits that contain
premeasured quantities of the antimicrobial solution or the solid
composition, along with optional additional materials suitable for
the intended end use, such as instructions, appropriate cleaning
devices and equipment, deionized water, spray bottles, toweling,
applicators, brushes, and the like.
D. Methods of Using the Compositions
[0092] The utility of the compositions described herein is as
antimicrobials, when prepared in aqueous solution and applied to an
unclean, contaminated surface.
[0093] The anti-microbial solution can be applied to pre-cleaned
surfaces by several methods. Several non-limiting examples include
the following: [0094] flood application in which the antimicrobial
solution is poured directly on the surface, followed by rinsing and
the excess removed after a time sufficient to disinfect the
surface, for example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, via
a rag or cloth or by suction. [0095] spray application from a low
pressure applicator such as a consumer spray bottle such as those
offered by M. Jacob & Sons followed by rinsing, with the excess
being removed after a time sufficient to disinfect the surface, for
example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, by wiping with a
cloth or rag or via suction. [0096] high pressure application
through a pressure washing system such as those provided by Karcher
followed by rinsing and removed after a time sufficient to
disinfect the surface, for example from about 30 seconds to about 5
minutes, via rinsing or suction. [0097] clean-in-place (CIP)
technology that is used in the food and beverage industry [0098]
foam application directly to the surfaces followed by rinsing and
the excess removed after a time sufficient to disinfect the
surface, for example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, by
wiping, rinsing, or suction.
[0099] Similarly, the anti-microbial solution can be applied to
uncleaned surfaces that contain, dirt, grime and biofilms in
several methods. Some non-limiting examples include the following:
[0100] flood application in which the antimicrobial solution is
poured directly on the surface, followed by rinsing and the excess
removed after a time sufficient to disinfect the surface, for
example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, via a rag or
cloth or by suction. [0101] spray application from a low pressure
applicator such as a consumer spray bottle such as those offered by
M. Jacob & Sons followed by rinsing with the excess being
removed after a time sufficient to disinfect the surface, for
example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, by wiping with a
cloth or rag or via suction. [0102] high pressure application
through a pressure washing system such as those provided by Karcher
followed by rinsing and removed after a time sufficient to
disinfect the surface, for example from about 30 seconds to about 5
minutes, via rinsing or suction. [0103] clean-in-place technology
that is used in the food and beverage industry. [0104] foam
application directly to the surfaces and removed after the a time
sufficient to disinfect the surface, for example from about 30
seconds to about 5 minutes, by wiping, rinsing, or suction. [0105]
as a part of the sterilization sequence for medical devices. [0106]
added to sonication baths, cleaning trays, and cleaning apparatus
for medical devices that are contaminated with human body fluids
and materials. [0107] incorporated into dishwashing regimes to
provide sanitation for restaurant, institutional, hospitality, and
catering operations. [0108] carcass washes where the animal carcass
is dipped in the solution for a time sufficient to disinfect the
surface, for example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, and
then removed and rinsed prior to further processing. [0109] as a
general fruit and vegetable wash in which the fruit and vegetables
are sprayed or immersed in the solution for the a time sufficient
to disinfect the surface, for example from about 30 seconds to
about 5 minutes, and the rinsed for further processing.
[0110] The anti-microbial solution can also be applied to
pre-cleaned surfaces in several methods and not removed after
application to provide residual antimicrobial activity by several
methods. Some non-limiting examples include the following: [0111]
flood application in which the antimicrobial solution is poured
directly on the surface and the excess removed after a time
sufficient to disinfect the surface, for example from about 30
seconds to about 5 minutes, via a rag or cloth or by suction.
[0112] spray application from a low pressure applicator such as a
consumer spray bottle such as those offered by M. Jacob & Sons
(M. Jacob & Sons, 35601 Veronica, Livonia, Mich. 48150) with
the excess being removed after a time sufficient to disinfect the
surface, for example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, by
wiping with a cloth or rag or via suction. [0113] high pressure
application through a pressure washing system such as those
provided by Karcher (Karcher North America, 750 W Hampden Ave.,
Suite 400, Englewood, Colo. 80110) and removed after a time
sufficient to disinfect the surface, for example from about 30
seconds to about 5 minutes, via rinsing or suction. [0114]
clean-in-place technology that is used in the food and beverage
industry. [0115] foam application directly to the surfaces and the
excess removed after a time sufficient to disinfect the surface,
for example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, by wiping, or
suction.
[0116] The antimicrobial solution can be applied to uncleaned
surfaces that contain dirt, grime and biofilms in several methods
and not removed after application to provide residual antimicrobial
activity. Some not limiting examples of these include [0117] flood
application in which the antimicrobial solution is poured directly
on the surface and the excess removed after a time sufficient to
disinfect the surface, for example from about 30 seconds to about 5
minutes, via a rag or cloth or by suction. [0118] spray application
from a low pressure applicator such as a consumer spray bottle such
as those offered by M. Jacob & Sons with the excess being
removed after a time sufficient to disinfect the surface, for
example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, by wiping with a
cloth or rag or via suction. [0119] high pressure application
through a pressure washing system such as those provided by Karcher
and removed after a time sufficient to disinfect the surface, for
example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, via wiping or
suction. [0120] clean-in-place technology that is used in the food
and beverage industry. [0121] foam application directly to the
surfaces and removed after the a time sufficient to disinfect the
surface, for example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, by
wiping or suction. [0122] part of the sterilization sequence for
medical devices. [0123] added to sonication baths, cleaning trays,
and cleaning apparatus for medical devices that are contaminated
with human body fluids and materials. [0124] incorporated into
dishwashing regimes to provide sanitation for restaurant,
institutional, hospitality, and catering operations. [0125] animal
carcass washes where the animal carcass is dipped in the solution
for a time sufficient to disinfect the surface, for example from
about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, and then removed. [0126]
general fruit and vegetable wash in which the fruit and vegetables
are sprayed or immersed in the solution for a time sufficient to
disinfect the surface, for example from about 30 seconds to about 5
minutes, and then further processed. [0127] application by lavage
as part of medical procedures to exterior and interior surfaces of
the human body that may become exposed to microorganisms, such as
skin surfaces, especially in and around wounds, the thoracic
cavity, the abdominal cavity, synovial spaces, urinary bladder,
lungs, sinus cavities, external auditory canal, oral pharynx,
pericardial space, and the like.
[0128] In contrast to the common practice used to treat and remove
or reduce microbial, yeast, mold, fungus, virus, contamination,
namely a 4-step cleaning process, the method disclosed in the
current invention comprises only the application of the composition
at ambient temperatures and optional rinsing and wiping of the
surface with a cloth or other absorbent material. As shown by the
results in the experimental section, antimicrobial action occurs
within minutes of application.
E. Aspects of the Disclosed Methods
[0129] Aspects of the present invention disclose one or more
methods for cleaning, a time sufficient to disinfect the surface,
for example from about 30 seconds to about 5 minutes, disinfecting
and treatment of surfaces with antimicrobial compositions, as well
as the compositions themselves. This includes surfaces in which a
biofilm is present.
[0130] The invention includes as least the following aspects:
[0131] Aspect 1: A method of cleaning a surface comprising
contacting said surface with a composition comprising [0132] an
organic surfactant comprising a blend of C.sub.4-C.sub.24 saturated
and unsaturated fatty acid salts, such that the blend comprises at
least about 1-6% C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts, and at least
about 30% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts; and [0133] an organic
acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric
acid, lactic acid and malic acid.
[0134] Aspect 2: A method of disinfecting a surface comprising
contacting said surface with a composition comprising an organic
surfactant comprising a blend of C.sub.4-C.sub.24 saturated and
unsaturated fatty acid salts, such that the blend comprises at
least about 1-6% C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts, and at least
about 30% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts; and [0135] an organic
acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric
acid, lactic acid and malic acid.
[0136] Aspect 3: The method of aspects 1-2 where the
C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic
and capric acid salts.
[0137] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 1-2 where the
C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts are a blend of lauric and
myristic acid salts.
[0138] Aspect 5: The method of aspects 1-2 where the
C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic
and capric acid salts and where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid
salts are a blend of lauric and myristic acid salts.
[0139] Aspect 6: A method of cleaning a surface comprising
contacting said surface with a composition comprising [0140] an
organic surfactant derived from the saponification of one or more
natural oils and comprising at least about 1-6% caproic, caprylic
and capric acid salts, and at least about 30% lauric and myristic
acid salts; and [0141] an organic acid selected from the group
consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid and malic
acid.
[0142] Aspect 7: A method of disinfecting a surface comprising
contacting said surface with a composition comprising [0143] an
organic surfactant derived from the saponification of one or more
natural oils and comprising at least about 1-6% caproic, caprylic
and capric acid salts, and at least about 30% lauric and myristic
acid salts; and [0144] an organic acid selected from the group
consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid and malic
acid.
[0145] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1-7 where a biofilm
is present on the surface.
[0146] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1-8 for the control
of gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, viruses, yeast
and molds.
[0147] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9 where the gram positive
bacteria, gram negative bacteria, viruses, yeast and molds exist in
the presence of biofilms, or are incorporated into biofilms.
[0148] Aspect 11: The methods of any of aspects 1-10 further
comprising the steps of rinsing of the surface and removal of the
excess solution.
[0149] Aspect 12: The methods of any of aspects 1-11 where the
organic acid is citric acid.
[0150] Aspect 13: The methods of any of aspects 6 or 7 where the
natural oils are selected from coconut oil or palm oil.
[0151] Aspect 14: The methods of any of aspects 1-13 where the
contacting of the surface by the composition is achieved by means
of a low pressure applicator or a pressure washer.
[0152] Aspect 15: The methods of any of aspects 1-14 where the
contacting of the surface by the composition is achieved by means
of Clean-In-Place technology.
[0153] Aspect 16: The methods of any of aspects 1-15 where the
surface is selected from a metallic, textile, plastic, glass,
composite, plant material and protein surface.
[0154] Aspect 17: The method of aspect 16 where the surface is
selected from a surface in the food and beverage industry.
[0155] Aspect 18: A method of removing a biofilm from a surface
comprising contacting said surface with a composition comprising
[0156] an organic surfactant comprising a blend of C.sub.4-C.sub.24
saturated and unsaturated fatty acid salts, such that the blend
comprises at least about 1-6% C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts,
and at least about 30% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts; and
[0157] an organic acid selected from the group consisting of citric
acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid and malic acid.
[0158] Aspect 19: The method of aspect 18 where the
C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic
and capric acid salts.
[0159] Aspect 20: The method of aspect 18 where the
C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts are a blend of lauric and
myristic acid salts.
[0160] Aspect 21: The method of aspect 18 where the
C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic
and capric acid salts and where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid
salts are a blend of lauric and myristic acid salts.
[0161] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 1-21 wherein the
components of the composition are generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
by the US FDA for use on food.
[0162] Aspect 23: The method of any of aspects 1-21 wherein the
components of the composition are acceptable under the regulations
of the USDA National Organic Production (NOP).
[0163] Aspect 24: An antimicrobial composition consisting
essentially of [0164] an organic surfactant comprising a blend of
C.sub.4-C.sub.24 saturated and unsaturated fatty acid salts, such
that the blend comprises at least about 1-6% C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty
acids salts, and at least about 30% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid
salts; and [0165] an organic acid selected from the group
consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid and malic
acid.
[0166] Aspect 25: The composition of aspect 24 where the
C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic
and capric acid salts.
[0167] Aspect 26: The composition of aspect 24 where the
C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts are a blend of lauric and
myristic acid salts.
[0168] Aspect 27: The composition of aspect 24 where the
C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic
and capric acid salts and where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid
salts are a blend of lauric and myristic acid salts.
[0169] Aspect 28: An antimicrobial composition consisting
essentially of an organic surfactant comprising a blend of
C.sub.4-C.sub.24 saturated and unsaturated fatty acid salts, such
that the blend comprises at least about 1-6% C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty
acids salts, and at least about 30% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid
salts; [0170] an organic acid selected from the group consisting of
citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid and malic acid; and [0171]
water.
[0172] Aspect 29: The composition of aspect 28 where the
C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic
and capric acid salts.
[0173] Aspect 30: The composition of aspect 28 where the
C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid salts are a blend of lauric and
myristic acid salts.
[0174] Aspect 31: The composition of aspect 28 where the
C.sub.6-C.sub.10 fatty acids salts are a blend of caproic, caprylic
and capric acid salts and where the C.sub.12-C.sub.14 fatty acid
salts are a blend of lauric and myristic acid salts.
[0175] Aspect 32: An antimicrobial composition consisting
essentially of [0176] from about 0.5% to about 10% saponified
coconut oil as the sodium or potassium salt; [0177] from about 1.0%
to about 50% citric acid; and [0178] from about 40% to about 99%
water.
[0179] Aspect 33: An antimicrobial composition consisting
essentially of [0180] about 2% saponified coconut oil as the sodium
or potassium salt; [0181] about 10% citric acid; and [0182] about
88% water.
[0183] Aspect 34: An antimicrobial solid composition consisting
essentially of [0184] from about 0.5% to about 20% of an organic
surfactant comprising [0185] at least 1-6% caproic, caprylic and
capric acid salts, and [0186] at least about 30% lauric and
myristic acid salts; and [0187] from about 1.0-99.5% citric
acid.
[0188] Aspect 35: An antimicrobial solid composition consisting
essentially of [0189] about 17% saponified coconut oil as the
sodium or potassium salt; and [0190] about 83% citric acid.
[0191] Aspect 36: The composition of any of aspects 24-36 wherein
the components of the composition are generally regarded as safe
(GRAS) by the US FDA for use on food.
[0192] Aspect 37: The composition of any of aspects 24-37 wherein
the components of the composition are acceptable under the
regulations of the USDA National Organic Production (NOP).
F. Experimental
[0193] The following examples are put forth so as to provide those
of ordinary skill in the art with a complete disclosure and
description of how the compounds, compositions, articles, devices
and/or methods claimed herein are made and evaluated, and are
intended to be purely exemplary of the invention and are not
intended to limit the scope of what the inventors regard as their
invention. Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect
to numbers (e.g., amounts, temperature, etc.), but some errors and
deviations should be accounted for. Unless indicated otherwise,
parts are parts by weight, temperature is in .degree. C. or is at
ambient temperature, and pressure is at or near atmospheric.
[0194] Methods for preparing the compounds of this invention are
illustrated in the following Examples. Starting materials and the
requisite intermediates are in some cases commercially available,
or can be prepared according to literature procedures or as
illustrated herein.
[0195] The Examples are provided herein to illustrate the
invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention in
any way.
1. GENERAL METHODS
General Methods of Preparation of the Compositions
[0196] Organic acids (citric, tartaric, lactic and malic acid), the
individual surfactants (sodium salts of caproic, caprylic, capric,
lauric and myristic acid), or the surfactants derived from
saponified natural product oils, (e.g., the sodium salts of
saponified coconut or palm oil) were obtained from commercial
sources. Aqueous blends of these components were prepared by
physical mixing. Aliquots were removed for testing for efficacy
against biofilms.
[0197] General Methods of Antimicrobial Testing of the Compositions
for Efficacy against Biofilms
[0198] Testing of the compositions was carried out by MMDG: Life
Science Laboratories, 7500 West Henrietta Road, Rush, N.Y.
14543.
[0199] Testing was performed in a standard Microbiological
laboratory employing standard techniques for handling BSL2
microorganisms. Standard PPE and facility notifications per MMDG
procedures were followed.
[0200] The following procedures are used to test the antimicrobial
efficacy of the compositions as prepared in the Examples below with
a contact times of 30 seconds, 1, 5, and 10 minutes and challenged
against separate artificially produced biofilm derived from
Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus.
[0201] Test Surface: Biofilms were developed on borosilicate glass
coupons (disks).
[0202] Control Articles: Coupons (disks) were exposed to all
aspects of preparation including microbial challenge alongside the
test surfaces which were exposed to the test article. These
surfaces were tested without exposure to the antimicrobial.
[0203] Equipment and Materials: The following materials were used
as needed:
[0204] Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA)
[0205] Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB)
[0206] Sterile Diluent
[0207] Dey-Eng ley Neutralizing Broth (DEB) or equivalent
[0208] Spectrophotometer
[0209] Colony Counter
[0210] Incubators: 30-35.degree. C. and 45-50.degree. C.
[0211] Pipette aid
[0212] Vortex
[0213] CDC Bioreactor
[0214] Peristaltic Pump
[0215] Sterile tubing
[0216] BioSafety Cabinet
[0217] Escherichia coli ATCC #, and Salmonella
[0218] General Microbiological glassware and equipment
[0219] TS Saline
[0220] References: The following serve as references for carrying
out the testing using standard procedures: [0221] 1. Official
Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 18th edition, 2005
[0222] 2. Current edition of the United States Pharmacopeia [0223]
3. USP <51> Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing [0224] 4.
M-060: Challenge Microorganism Preparation, Harvesting and
Spectrophotometric Determination [0225] 5. S-050.1: General
Procedure for Inoculation of Product [0226] 6. ASTM
E2562-07Standard Test Method for Quantification of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa Biofilm Grown with High Shear and Continuous Flow using
CDC Biofilm Reactor.
Example 1
Preparation of Aqueous Composition 1
[0227] A blend of saponified coconut oil (2 wt %) and citric acid
(10 wt %) was prepared in water (88 wt %) and agitated for 10 min
at 20.degree. C. The material was homogeneous.
Example 2
Preparation of Additional Aqueous Compositions
[0228] Using the identical method described in Example 1 above the
compositions appearing in Table 1 are similarly prepared:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Composition Percentage Water No. Acid
Percentage (w/w) Surfactant (w/w) (w/w) 2 Tartaric Acid 1.0%
Saponified 0.5% 98.5% Coconut Oil 3 Tartaric Acid 2% Saponified
0.5% 97.5% Coconut Oil 4 Tartaric Acid 3% Saponified 0.5% 96.5%
Coconut Oil 5 Tartaric Acid 5% Saponified 1.0% 94% Coconut Oil 6
Tartaric Acid 8% Saponified 1.0% 91% Coconut Oil 7 Tartaric Acid
10% Saponified 2% 88% Coconut Oil 8 Tartaric Acid 15% Saponified 2%
83% Coconut Oil 9 Tartaric Acid 20% Saponified 2% 78% Coconut Oil
10 Tartaric Acid 30% Saponified 5% 65% Coconut Oil 11 Tartaric Acid
40% Saponified 8% 52% Coconut Oil 12 Tartaric Acid 50% Saponified
10% 40% Coconut Oil 13 Malic Acid 1.0% Saponified 0.5% 98.5%
Coconut Oil 14 Malic Acid 2% Saponified 0.5% 97.5% Coconut Oil 15
Malic Acid 3% Saponified 0.5% 96.5% Coconut Oil 16 Malic Acid 5%
Saponified 1.0% 94% Coconut Oil 17 Malic Acid 8% Saponified 1.0%
91% Coconut Oil 18 Malic Acid 10% Saponified 2% 88% Coconut Oil 19
Malic Acid 15% Saponified 2% 83% Coconut Oil 20 Malic Acid 20%
Saponified 2% 78% Coconut Oil 21 Malic Acid 30% Saponified 5% 65%
Coconut Oil 22 Malic Acid 40% Saponified 8% 52% Coconut Oil 23
Malic Acid 50% Saponified 10% 40% Coconut Oil 24 Citric Acid 1.0%
Saponified 0.5% 98.5% Coconut Oil 25 Citric Acid 2% Saponified 0.5%
97.5% Coconut Oil 26 Citric Acid 3% Saponified 0.5% 96.5% Coconut
Oil 27 Citric Acid 5% Saponified 1.0% 94% Coconut Oil 28 Citric
Acid 8% Saponified 1.0% 91% Coconut Oil 29 Citric Acid 10%
Saponified 2% 88% Coconut Oil 30 Citric Acid 15% Saponified 2% 83%
Coconut Oil 31 Citric Acid 20% Saponified 2% 78% Coconut Oil 32
Citric Acid 30% Saponified 5% 65% Coconut Oil 33 Citric Acid 40%
Saponified 8% 52% Coconut Oil 34 Citric Acid 50% Saponified 10% 40%
Coconut Oil 35 Lactic Acid 1.0% Saponified 0.5% 98.5% Coconut Oil
36 Lactic Acid 2% Saponified 0.5% 97.5% Coconut Oil 37 Lactic Acid
3% Saponified 0.5% 96.5% Coconut Oil 38 Lactic Acid 5% Saponified
1.0% 94% Coconut Oil 39 Lactic Acid 8% Saponified 1.0% 91% Coconut
Oil 40 Lactic Acid 10% Saponified 2% 88% Coconut Oil 41 Lactic Acid
15% Saponified 2% 83% Coconut Oil 42 Lactic Acid 20% Saponified 2%
78% Coconut Oil 43 Lactic Acid 30% Saponified 5% 65% Coconut Oil 44
Lactic Acid 40% Saponified 8% 52% Coconut Oil 45 Lactic Acid 50%
Saponified 10% 40% Coconut Oil 46 Tartaric Acid 1.0% Saponified
Palm 0.5% 98.5% Oil 47 Tartaric Acid 2% Saponified Palm 0.5% 97.5%
Oil 48 Tartaric Acid 3% Saponified Palm 0.5% 96.5% Oil 49 Tartaric
Acid 5% Saponified Palm 1.0% 94% Oil 50 Tartaric Acid 8% Saponified
Palm 1.0% 91% Oil 51 Tartaric Acid 10% Saponified Palm 2% 88% Oil
52 Tartaric Acid 15% Saponified Palm 2% 83% Oil 53 Tartaric Acid
20% Saponified Palm 2% 78% Oil 54 Tartaric Acid 30% Saponified Palm
5% 65% Oil 55 Tartaric Acid 40% Saponified Palm 8% 52% Oil 56
Tartaric Acid 50% Saponified Palm 10% 40% Oil 57 Malic Acid 1.0%
Saponified Palm 0.5% 98.5% Oil 58 Malic Acid 2% Saponified Palm
0.5% 97.5% Oil 59 Malic Acid 3% Saponified Palm 0.5% 96.5% Oil 60
Malic Acid 5% Saponified Palm 1.0% 94% Oil 61 Malic Acid 8%
Saponified Palm 1.0% 91% Oil 62 Malic Acid 10% Saponified Palm 2%
88% Oil 63 Malic Acid 15% Saponified Palm 2% 83% Oil 64 Malic Acid
20% Saponified Palm 2% 78% Oil 65 Malic Acid 30% Saponified Palm 5%
65% Oil 66 Malic Acid 40% Saponified Palm 8% 52% Oil 67 Malic Acid
50% Saponified Palm 10% 40% Oil 68 Citric Acid 1.0% Saponified Palm
0.5% 98.5% Oil 69 Citric Acid 2% Saponified Palm 0.5% 97.5% Oil 70
Citric Acid 3% Saponified Palm 0.5% 96.5% Oil 71 Citric Acid 5%
Saponified Palm 1.0% 94% Oil 72 Citric Acid 8% Saponified Palm 1.0%
91% Oil 73 Citric Acid 10% Saponified Palm 2% 88% Oil 74 Citric
Acid 15% Saponified Palm 2% 83% Oil 75 Citric Acid 20% Saponified
Palm 2% 78% Oil 76 Citric Acid 30% Saponified Palm 5% 65% Oil 77
Citric Acid 40% Saponified Palm 8% 52% Oil 78 Citric Acid 50%
Saponified Palm 10% 40% Oil 79 Lactic Acid 1.0 Saponified Palm 1.0%
98% Oil 80 Lactic Acid 1.0% Saponified Palm 0.5% 98.5% Oil 81
Lactic Acid 2% Saponified Palm 0.5% 97.5% Oil 82 Lactic Acid 3%
Saponified Palm 0.5% 96.5% Oil 83 Lactic Acid 5% Saponified Palm
1.0% 94% Oil 84 Lactic Acid 8% Saponified Palm 1.0% 91% Oil 85
Lactic Acid 10% Saponified Palm 2% 88% Oil 86 Lactic Acid 15%
Saponified Palm 2% 83% Oil 87 Lactic Acid 20% Saponified Palm 2%
78% Oil 88 Lactic Acid 30% Saponified Palm 5% 65% Oil 89 Lactic
Acid 40% Saponified Palm 8% 52% Oil 90 Lactic Acid 50% Saponified
Palm 10% 40% Oil
Example 3
Preparation of Solid Compositions
[0229] The compositions are be prepared as solids by physically
mixing the individual solid components in the proportions shown, or
by spray drying an aqueous solution containing the components that
have been premixed to provide final the proportions shown. The
resulting solid composition is a formulation that is readily
dilutable in water and thus reduces the cost of transportation.
These solid compositions can also be used to prepare dry powders or
sachets that dissolve in the presence of water prior to use, and as
a component of antimicrobial kits.
[0230] Representative examples appear in Table 2.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Composition Percentage Percentage No. Acid
(w/w) Surfactant (w/w) 91 Tartaric Acid 1.0 Saponified 0.5% Coconut
Oil 92 Tartaric Acid 10% Saponified 2% Coconut Oil 93 Tartaric Acid
20% Saponified 3% Coconut Oil 94 Tartaric Acid 30% Saponified 4%
Coconut Oil 95 Tartaric Acid 40% Saponified 8% Coconut Oil 96
Tartaric Acid 50% Saponified 10% Coconut Oil 97 Tartaric Acid 60%
Saponified 15% Coconut Oil 98 Tartaric Acid 70% Saponified 18%
Coconut Oil 99 Tartaric Acid 80% Saponified 20% Coconut Oil 100
Tartaric Acid 90% Saponified 10% Coconut Oil 101 Lactic Acid 1.0
Saponified 0.5% Coconut Oil 102 Lactic Acid 10% Saponified 2%
Coconut Oil 103 Lactic Acid 20% Saponified 3% Coconut Oil 104
Lactic Acid 30% Saponified 4% Coconut Oil 105 Lactic Acid 40%
Saponified 8% Coconut Oil 106 Lactic Acid 50% Saponified 10%
Coconut Oil 107 Lactic Acid 60% Saponified 15% Coconut Oil 108
Lactic Acid 70% Saponified 18% Coconut Oil 109 Lactic Acid 80%
Saponified 20% Coconut Oil 110 Lactic Acid 90% Saponified 10%
Coconut Oil 111 Malic Acid 1.0 Saponified 0.5% Coconut Oil 112
Malic Acid 10% Saponified 2% Coconut Oil 113 Malic Acid 20%
Saponified 3% Coconut Oil 114 Malic Acid 30% Saponified 4% Coconut
Oil 115 Malic Acid 40% Saponified 8% Coconut Oil 116 Malic Acid 50%
Saponified 10% Coconut Oil 117 Malic Acid 60% Saponified 15%
Coconut Oil 118 Malic Acid 70% Saponified 18% Coconut Oil 119 Malic
Acid 80% Saponified 20% Coconut Oil 120 Malic Acid 90% Saponified
10% Coconut Oil 121 Citric Acid 1.0 Saponified 0.5% Coconut Oil 122
Citric Acid 10% Saponified 2% Coconut Oil 123 Citric Acid 20%
Saponified 3% Coconut Oil 124 Citric Acid 30% Saponified 4% Coconut
Oil 125 Citric Acid 40% Saponified 8% Coconut Oil 126 Citric Acid
50% Saponified 10% Coconut Oil 127 Citric Acid 60% Saponified 15%
Coconut Oil 128 Citric Acid 70% Saponified 18% Coconut Oil 129
Citric Acid 80% Saponified 20% Coconut Oil 130 Citric Acid 90%
Saponified 10% Coconut Oil 131 Tartaric Acid 1.0 Saponified Palm
0.5% Oil 132 Tartaric Acid 10% Saponified Palm 2% Oil 133 Tartaric
Acid 20% Saponified Palm 3% Oil 134 Tartaric Acid 30% Saponified
Palm 4% Oil 135 Tartaric Acid 40% Saponified Palm 8% Oil 136
Tartaric Acid 50% Saponified Palm 10% Oil 137 Tartaric Acid 60%
Saponified Palm 15% Oil 138 Tartaric Acid 70% Saponified Palm 18%
Oil 139 Tartaric Acid 80% Saponified Palm 20% Oil 140 Tartaric Acid
90% Saponified Palm 10% Oil 141 Lactic Acid 1.0 Saponified Palm
0.5% Oil 142 Lactic Acid 10% Saponified Palm 2% Oil 143 Lactic Acid
20% Saponified Palm 3% Oil 144 Lactic Acid 30% Saponified Palm 4%
Oil 145 Lactic Acid 40% Saponified PalOil 8% 146 Lactic Acid 50%
Saponified Palm 10% Oil 146 Lactic Acid 60% Saponified Palm 15% Oil
148 Lactic Acid 70% Saponified Palm 18% Oil 149 Lactic Acid 80%
Saponified Palm 20% Oil 150 Lactic Acid 90% Saponified Palm 10% Oil
151 Malic Acid 1.0 Saponified Palm 0.5% Oil 152 Malic Acid 10%
Saponified Palm 2% Oil 153 Malic Acid 20% Saponified Palm 3% Oil
154 Malic Acid 30% Saponified Palm 4% Oil 155 Malic Acid 40%
Saponified Palm 8% Oil 156 Malic Acid 50% Saponified Palm 10% Oil
157 Malic Acid 60% Saponified Palm 15% Oil 158 Malic Acid 70%
Saponified Palm 18% Oil 159 Malic Acid 80% Saponified Palm 20% Oil
160 Malic Acid 90% Saponified Palm 10% Oil 161 Citric Acid 1.0
Saponified Palm 0.5% Oil 162 Citric Acid 10% Saponified Palm 2% Oil
163 Citric Acid 20% Saponified Palm 3% Oil 164 Citric Acid 30%
Saponified Palm 4% Oil 165 Citric Acid 40% Saponified Palm 8% Oil
166 Citric Acid 50% Saponified Palm 10% Oil 167 Citric Acid 60%
Saponified Palm 15% Oil 168 Citric Acid 70% Saponified Palm 18% Oil
169 Citric Acid 80% Saponified Palm 20% Oil 170 Citric Acid 90%
Saponified Palm 10% Oil
Example 4
Evaluation of the Compositions
[0231] The evaluation procedure included the following steps:
[0232] 1. Challenge Organism Preparation
[0233] A sterile swab of each challenge organism was aseptically
taken from stock cultures maintained at 2-8.degree. C. and
aseptically transferred to sterile TSA slants. The fresh slants
were incubated at 30-35.degree. C. for 18-24 hours.
[0234] Ten (10) ml of TS saline was pipetted into each slant
subsequent to incubation and the growth mechanically dislodged with
a sterile cotton-tipped applicator. The suspension was transferred
to a sterile 50 ml polypropylene centrifuge tube. The suspension
was washed by centrifugation at 4,000.times.g for 8-10 minutes. The
supernatant was decanted and the pellet suspended in 10 ml of
saline TS. The suspension was washed a second time, and suspended
in 10 ml of saline TS. The organism concentration was adjusted to
-108 colony forming units (cfu)/ml based on MMDG historical %
T.sub.620 nm spectrophotometer values.
[0235] 2. Biofilm Generation; CDC Reactor Set and Operation
[0236] Coupon preparation: coupons were wiped with sterile 70% IPA
to ensure that no residual oils remained on their surface following
handling. The reactor was filled to its working volume with 300
mg/L TSB and sterilized in a standard 20-minute liquid steam cycle.
The reactor was allowed to cool to room temperature.
[0237] Nutritive growth medium (TSB) was prepared at 100 mg/L and
sterilized. The reactor was acclimated to room temperature. Using
sterile tubing, the reactor was attached to the source of growth
medium. A peristaltic pump was placed between the reactor and the
media source to modulate the flow rate. Waste was collected in a
separate vessel. Sixteen (16) coupons were placed into the reactor
representing controls and twelve test surfaces (four each) for each
of 3 antimicrobial challenges.
[0238] The reactor was seeded with one (1) ml of the challenge
organism and, operated statically (batch phase) for 24.+-.8 hours.
The peristaltic pump was turned on following the static operation
and the reactor was run in continuous flow mode for an additional
24.+-.8 hours at room temperature.
[0239] 3. Antimicrobial challenge
[0240] Each coupon was removed from the reactor and rinsed gently
with sterile TS Saline to remove loosely adhered and planktonic
cells. Coupons were placed individually into sterile glass beakers
containing 10 ml of the test article. The coupons will be allowed
to incubate in the antimicrobial solution at ambient temperature
for 30 seconds, one (1), five (5), and ten (10) minutes. Following
exposure to the test article, coupons were removed from their
respective beakers and placed into 10 ml of sterile DEB in a glass
test tube to neutralize the antimicrobial and stop the
reaction.
[0241] 4. Microorganism Recovery
[0242] The organisms were removed from the test surfaces and
controls through sonication for 20 minutes at room temperature
followed by thorough mixing. Serial dilutions of the recovered
organisms were performed; 1.0 ml samples of the serial dilutions
were plated in duplicate and overpoured with sterile TSA. Plates
were incubated under aerobic conditions at 30-35.degree. C. for 3
to 5 days and the recovered organisms quantified.
[0243] 5. Controls
[0244] Recovery Medium Control, Note: applies to liquid suspensions
only.
[0245] The antimicrobial was diluted 1:10 in DEB. A control sample
was prepared using 10 ml of TSB. Both tubes were inoculated with
approximately 100 cfu of the challenge organism. One (1) ml samples
were plated in duplicate and the recovery in the neutralized medium
was compared to that in the TSB Control.
[0246] 6. Inoculation Control:
[0247] The aerobic population of the inoculum will be verified at
the time of testing through standard plate count.
[0248] 7. Calculations
[0249] The difference between the log number of microorganisms on
the non-treated (no exposure to antimicrobial) materials and that
of the corresponding materials exposed to the antimicrobial
indicates the reduction in log units.
Log reduction unit=Log A-Log B
[0250] Log A=the log number of microorganisms harvested from the
non-treated control materials.
[0251] Log B=the log number of microorganisms harvested from the
corresponding materials exposed to the antimicrobial.
[0252] Composition 1 was tested for efficacy with a targeted
criteria of a 3 log reduction in the number of microorganism versus
control samples.
[0253] As shown in Table 3, the recovery of the microorganism
challenge for all three analyses was greater than 50% indicating
that the neutralization scheme used in this analysis was
effective.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Recovery Medium Control (RMC) Aver- Neutral-
Aver- % Organism Control CFU age izer CFU age recovery E. coli TSB
122 147 135 DEB 109 128 119 88 Salmonella TSB 78 86 82 DEB 66 70 68
83 S. aureus TSB 39 46 43 DEB 34 50 42 99
Example 5
Efficacy Against Escherichia Coli
[0254] Composition 1 was tested against Escherichia Coli and showed
efficacy after a 5 min period. The results appear in Table 4 and in
FIG. 1.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Escherichia coli CFU CFU CFU recovered
recovered recovered Average .times. Sample Dilution #1 #2 #3
Average Dilution Control 1.00E+04 51 46 33 69 48 63 52 5.17E+05 30
sec 1.00E+02 79 77 103 94 88 73 86 8.57E+03 1 min 1.00E+01 99 81
106 101 97 93 96 9.62E+02 5 min 1.00E+00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 10
min 1.00E+00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00
Example 6
Efficacy Against Salmonella spp
[0255] Composition 1 was tested against Salmonella spp and showed
efficacy after a 5 min period. The results appear in Table 5 and in
FIG. 2.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Salmonella spp CFU CFU CFU recovered
recovered recovered Average .times. Sample Dilution #1 #2 #3
Average Dilution Control 1.00E+04 51 39 106 101 60 78 73 7.25E+05 1
min 1.00E+01 269 301 312 319 285 270 293 2.93E+03 5 min 1.00E+00 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 10 min 1.00E+00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00
Example 7
Efficacy Against Staphylococcus Aureus
[0256] Composition 1 was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and
showed log reductions after a 5 min period. The results appear in
Table 6 and in FIG. 3.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Staphylococcus aureus: CFU CFU CFU recovered
recovered recovered Average .times. Sample Dilution #1 #2 #3
Average Dilution Control 1.00E+04 194 171 156 183 180 166 175
1.75E+06 1 min 1.00E+01 144 157 130 139 155 142 145 1.45E+03 5 min
1.00E+00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00E+00 10 min 1.00E+00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.00E+00
[0257] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various
modifications and variations can be made in the present invention
without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other
embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in
the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the
invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification
and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and
spirit of the invention being indicated by the following
claims.
* * * * *