U.S. patent application number 13/796975 was filed with the patent office on 2014-09-18 for apparatus, system, and method for dual tread treadmill improvements.
The applicant listed for this patent is David Beard, Kevin Corbalis, Victor Cornejo, Jeremy Johnson, Jeff Lassegard, Steve Neill. Invention is credited to David Beard, Kevin Corbalis, Victor Cornejo, Jeremy Johnson, Jeff Lassegard, Steve Neill.
Application Number | 20140274577 13/796975 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51529701 |
Filed Date | 2014-09-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140274577 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Beard; David ; et
al. |
September 18, 2014 |
APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR DUAL TREAD TREADMILL
IMPROVEMENTS
Abstract
A dual treadle treadmill. The dual treadle treadmill includes a
frame, a first treadle, a second treadle, a clutch axle, and a
tensioning mechanism. The first treadle and the second treadle are
each pivotally coupled with the frame and each have a moving
surface. The clutch axle includes an axle, a first driver, and a
second driver. The axle is rotatably connected to the frame. The
first driver is coupled to the axle by a first clutch. The first
clutch transmits torque between the first driver and the axle in
response to the first driver rotating in a first direction relative
to the axle. The first treadle is connected to the first driver
through a first link such that the first driver is rotated in a
first direction in response to the first treadle being pivoted in
the first direction. The tensioning mechanism maintains a tension
on the first link.
Inventors: |
Beard; David; (Santa Ana,
CA) ; Corbalis; Kevin; (Tustin, CA) ; Cornejo;
Victor; (Riverside, CA) ; Neill; Steve; (Simi
Valley, CA) ; Johnson; Jeremy; (Corona, CA) ;
Lassegard; Jeff; (Aliso Viejo, CA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Beard; David
Corbalis; Kevin
Cornejo; Victor
Neill; Steve
Johnson; Jeremy
Lassegard; Jeff |
Santa Ana
Tustin
Riverside
Simi Valley
Corona
Aliso Viejo |
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA |
US
US
US
US
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
51529701 |
Appl. No.: |
13/796975 |
Filed: |
March 12, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
482/54 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 2220/805 20130101;
A63B 2225/20 20130101; A63B 21/225 20130101; A63B 22/0056 20130101;
A63B 21/005 20130101; A63B 2230/062 20130101; A63B 21/154 20130101;
A63B 21/0053 20130101; A63B 22/0292 20151001; A63B 2071/0652
20130101; A63B 24/0087 20130101; A63B 2024/0081 20130101; A63B
22/0235 20130101; A63B 21/157 20130101; A63B 2220/16 20130101; A63B
2024/0093 20130101; A63B 21/0055 20151001 |
Class at
Publication: |
482/54 |
International
Class: |
A63B 22/02 20060101
A63B022/02 |
Claims
1. A dual treadle treadmill comprising: a frame; a first treadle
having a first moving surface, the first treadle pivotally coupled
with the frame; a second treadle having a second moving surface,
the second treadle pivotally coupled with the frame; a clutch axle
comprising: an axle rotatably connected to the frame; a first
driver coupled to the axle by a first clutch, the first clutch to
transmit torque between the first driver and the axle in response
to the first driver rotating in a first direction relative to the
axle; wherein the first treadle is connected to the first driver
through a first link such that the first driver is rotated in a
first direction in response to the first treadle being pivoted in
the first direction; a tensioning mechanism to maintain a tension
on the first link.
2. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 1, wherein the first link is
selected from the group consisting of a chain, a toothed belt, a
belt, and a cable.
3. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 1, wherein the driver is
selected from the group consisting of a toothed pulley, a sprocket,
and a pulley.
4. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 1, wherein: the clutch axle
further comprises a second driver coupled to the axle by a second
clutch, the second clutch to transmit torque between the second
driver and the axle in response to the second driver rotating in
the first direction relative to the axle; the second treadle is
connected to the second driver through a second link such that the
second driver is rotated in the first direction in response to the
second treadle being pivoted in the first direction; and the second
link is tensioned by the tensioning mechanism.
5. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 4, wherein the tensioning
mechanism comprises: a tensioning pulley rotatably connected to the
frame; a flexible linkage connected to the first link and the
second link; wherein the flexible linkage is routed around a
portion of the tensioning pulley such that tension is applied by
the flexible linkage to the first link and the second link in
substantially parallel directions.
6. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 5, wherein the tensioning
mechanism further comprises: a second tensioning pulley rotatably
connected to the frame; wherein the flexible linkage is routed
around a portion of the tensioning pulley and the second tensioning
pulley such that tension is applied by the flexible linkage to the
first link and the second link in substantially parallel
directions.
7. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 5, wherein the flexible
linkage is selected from the group consisting of a cable, a rope, a
chain, and a belt.
8. A dual treadle treadmill comprising: a frame; a first treadle
having a first moving surface, the first treadle pivotally coupled
with the frame; a second treadle having a second moving surface,
the second treadle pivotally coupled with the frame; a clutch axle
comprising: an axle rotatably connected to the frame; a first
driver coupled to the axle by a first clutch, the first clutch to
transmit torque between the first driver and the axle in response
to the first driver being rotated in a first direction relative to
the axle; wherein the first treadle is connected to the first
driver through a first link such that the first driver is rotated
in a first direction in response to the first treadle being pivoted
in the first direction; a transmission to transmit torque between
the axle and a generator.
9. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 8, wherein the transmission
comprises one or more smoothing clutches to decouple the axle from
the generator in response to a clutch component more closely
connected to the generator rotating faster than a clutch component
more closely connected to the axle.
10. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 9, wherein the smoothing
clutch is of a type selected from the group consisting of a one-way
clutch, a clutch bearing, a one-way needle, a sprag clutch, a
ratchet, a freewheel, and a slipper clutch.
11. A dual treadle treadmill comprising: a frame; a first treadle
having a first moving surface, the first treadle pivotally coupled
with the frame; a second treadle having a second moving surface,
the second treadle pivotally coupled with the frame; a generator
operably associated with the first treadle such that the generator
is driven in response to the first treadle pivoting relative to the
frame; a rocker in mechanical communication with the first treadle
and the second treadle, the rocker to synchronize the first treadle
and the second treadle such that when the first treadle is at its
highest position, the second treadle is at its lowest position; and
a sensor to sense the position of the first treadle relative to the
second treadle.
12. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 11, wherein the sensor is
connected to the frame and positioned to read an encoder on the
rocker.
13. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 12, wherein the encoder
comprises a flange attached to the rocker, the flange to interact
with the sensor when the rocker is within a range of rotation.
14. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 11, wherein the sensor is
an optical sensor.
15. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 11, further comprising a
tail roller disposed at a treadle axis about which the first
treadle and the second treadle pivot, wherein: the tail roller is
driven by a motor to cause the first moving surface and the second
moving surface to move; the tail roller is rotatably connected to
the frame at a first connection near a first end of the tail roller
and a second connection near a second end of the tail roller; the
first moving surface and the second moving surface interface with
the tail roller between the first connection and the second
connection.
16. The dual treadle treadmill of claim 15, wherein the tail roller
is unsupported by the frame between the first connection and the
second connection.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent Application No. 61/609,921 entitled "Apparatus, System, and
Method for Providing Resistance in a Dual Tread Treadmill," which
was filed on Mar. 12, 2012, and is hereby incorporated by
reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Dual treadle treadmills provide two moving surfaces that
articulate relative to each other. These dual treadle treadmills
provide both a treadmill-like motion and a stair climber-like
motion. This combination of motions provides an exercise that
simulates climbing a flight of stairs and provides similar health
benefits to users. Existing dual treadmills include several
drawbacks, such as unnatural motions that result from existing
mechanisms for operating dual treadle treadmills.
SUMMARY
[0003] An embodiment of the invention provides a dual treadle
treadmill. The dual treadle treadmill includes a frame, a first
treadle, a second treadle, a clutch axle, and a tensioning
mechanism. The first treadle and the second treadle are each
pivotally coupled with the frame and each have a moving surface.
The clutch axle includes an axle, a first driver, and a second
driver. The axle is rotatably connected to the frame. The first
driver is coupled to the axle by a first clutch. The first clutch
transmits torque between the first driver and the axle in response
to the first driver rotating in a first direction relative to the
axle. The first treadle is connected to the first driver through a
first link such that the first driver is rotated in a first
direction in response to the first treadle being pivoted in the
first direction. The tensioning mechanism maintains a tension on
the first link. Other embodiments of dual treadle treadmills are
also described.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0004] FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of a
dual tread treadmill.
[0005] FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of the
dual tread treadmill of FIG. 1.
[0006] FIG. 3 depicts a side view of one embodiment of the drive
link and drive link tensioner of FIG. 2.
[0007] FIG. 4 depicts a side view of one embodiment of the pulley
system of FIG. 2.
[0008] FIG. 5 depicts another side view of one embodiment of the
pulley system of FIG. 2.
[0009] FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of the
clutch axle of FIG. 2.
[0010] FIG. 7 depicts another perspective view of one embodiment of
the clutch axle of FIG. 2.
[0011] FIG. 8 depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of a
rocker drive.
[0012] FIG. 9 is a block diagram depicting one embodiment of a
system for providing resistance in a dual tread treadmill.
[0013] FIG. 10 depicts a flowchart diagram showing one embodiment
of a method for providing resistance in a dual treadle
treadmill.
[0014] FIG. 11 depicts a perspective view of another embodiment of
a rocker drive.
[0015] FIG. 12 depicts a perspective view of another embodiment of
a rocker drive.
[0016] FIG. 13 depicts a perspective view of an alternative
embodiment of a dual tread treadmill.
[0017] FIG. 14 depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of the
torque tube of FIG. 13.
[0018] FIGS. 15A and 15B depict perspective cutaway views of one
embodiment of the clocking mechanism of FIG. 13.
[0019] FIG. 16 depicts a cutaway perspective view of one embodiment
of the position sensor of FIG. 13.
[0020] FIG. 17 depicts a cutaway perspective view of one embodiment
of the transmission of FIG. 13.
[0021] FIG. 18 depicts a bottom view of one embodiment of the
tension balancer of FIG. 13.
[0022] Throughout the description, similar reference numbers may be
used to identify similar elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In the following description, specific details of various
embodiments are provided. However, some embodiments may be
practiced with less than all of these specific details. In other
instances, certain methods, procedures, components, structures,
and/or functions are described in no more detail than to enable the
various embodiments of the invention, for the sake of brevity and
clarity.
[0024] While many embodiments are described herein, at least some
of the described embodiments provide a method for providing
resistance in a dual tread treadmill.
[0025] FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of a
dual tread treadmill 100. The dual tread treadmill 100 includes two
treadles 102A, 102B (collectively referred to as "the treadles"
102) and an axle 104. In the illustrated embodiment, some
components have been removed for clarity. The dual tread treadmill
100 provides a separate pathway for the travel of each foot of a
user.
[0026] In some embodiments, the treadles 102 articulate around the
axle 104. The treadles 102 may articulate independently. As the
treadles 102 articulate around the axle 104, an end of each treadle
102 may move in a substantially upward direction or a substantially
downward direction. In some embodiments, the treadles 102 are
synchronized such that when the first treadle 102A is at its
highest position, the second treadle 102B is at its lowest
position. Motion of the first treadle 102A may be linked to motion
of the second treadle 102B, such that in response to an end of the
first treadle 102A moving in a substantially downward direction, an
end of the second treadle 102B moves in a substantially upward
direction.
[0027] Each of the treadles 102A, 102B, in some embodiments,
include a moving surface on which a user may step. The moving
surface of a treadle, in some embodiments, includes a belt that
translates along a top surface of the treadle. In one embodiment,
the articulated treadles 102 provide a stair stepping motion for a
user, in addition to a treadmill motion.
[0028] FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of the
dual tread treadmill 100 of FIG. 1. The dual tread treadmill 100
includes two treadles 102, a drive link 202A, a clutch axle 204, a
pulley system 206, and a generator 208. In some embodiments, the
drive link 202A, clutch axle 204, pulley system 206, and generator
208 manage a fall rate of the treadles 102.
[0029] The drive link 202A, in one embodiment, is connected to one
of the treadles 102 (e.g. 102A). The drive link 202A may move in
response to movement of the connected treadle 102. In some
embodiments, one end of the drive link 202A moves in an upward
direction as the connected treadle 102 moves in an upward
direction. The drive link 202A may be held in tension by an
attached drive link tensioner. The drive link 202A and drive link
tensioner are described in relation to FIG. 3 below.
[0030] As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the dual
tread treadmill 100 may include a first drive link 202A attached to
the first treadle 102A and a second drive link attached to the
second treadle 102B. The two drive links may work in concert to
manage the fall rate of the treadles 102.
[0031] In certain embodiments, the drive link 202A engages a driver
on the clutch axle 204. Motion of the drive link 202A may cause the
driver on the clutch axle 204 to rotate. In some embodiments, the
driver is attached to the clutch axle 204 by a one-way clutch that
causes the clutch axle 204 to rotate in one direction as the drive
link 202A moves up and down. The driver and the clutch axle 204 are
described in greater detail below.
[0032] The pulley system 206 receives rotational motion from the
clutch axle 204 and translates the rotational motion to the
generator 208. The pulley system 206 may include pulleys of varying
sizes that provide a gear ratio. The gear ratio of the pulley
system 206 may increase or decrease the rate of rotation provided
by the clutch axle 204. In one embodiment, the gear ratio of the
pulley system 206 causes the rate of rotation at the output of the
pulley system 206 to be increased to a rate above the rate of
rotation provided by the clutch axle 204. The pulley system is
described in greater detail below in relation to FIG. 4.
[0033] In some embodiments, the generator 208 receives rotation
from the pulley system 206 and converts the rotation to electrical
energy. The generator 208 may also provide a braking torque that
resists the rotation from the pulley system 206. This braking
torque may be translated through the pulley system 206, the clutch
axle, and the drive link 202A to the treadles 102. The translated
braking torque may be used by the dual tread treadmill 100 to
manage a fall rate of the treadles 102.
[0034] The generator 208 may be any type of generator known in the
art. For example, the generator 208 may be an alternator, a dynamo,
a singly-fed generator, a doubly-fed generator, or another type of
generator.
[0035] In some embodiments, the generator 208 may be connected to a
variable electrical load device. The variable electrical load
device applies a variable electrical load to the generator 208.
Applying an electrical load to the generator 208 may have a braking
effect on the generator 208 to increase the braking torque provided
by the generator 208, thus reducing the fall rate of the treadles
102. The variable electrical load device is described in greater
detail below in relation to FIG. 9.
[0036] FIG. 3 depicts a side view of one embodiment of the drive
link 202A and a drive link tensioner 304 of FIG. 2. The drive link
202A, in one embodiment, is connected at one end to a treadle 102.
Upward and downward motion of the end of the treadle 102A causes a
corresponding upward and downward motion of the attached end of the
drive link 202A.
[0037] The drive link 202A may be any type of link known in the
art. For example, the drive link 202A in one embodiment is a roller
chain. In alternative embodiments, the drive link 202A may be a
different type of motion translation device. For example, the drive
link 202A may be a cable, a rope, a toothed strap, a toothed belt,
or a belt.
[0038] In some embodiments, the drive link 202A passes over a
clutch driver 302. The clutch driver 302 may rotate around the
clutch axle 204 in response to motion of the drive link 202A.
[0039] The drive link 202A may be held in tension by a drive link
tensioner 304. In one embodiment, the drive link tensioner 304
attaches to a second end of the drive link 202A and applies tension
to the drive link 202A. Tension in the drive link may act to keep
the drive link engaged with the clutch driver 302 as the drive link
202A moves.
[0040] The drive link tensioner 304 may be any type of tension
device known in the art. For example, the drive link tensioner 304
may be a coil spring. The drive link tensioner may pass over a
pulley 306 and be connected to a frame of the dual tread treadmill
at an anchor point 308.
[0041] FIGS. 4 and 5 depict alternate side views of one embodiment
of the pulley system 206 of FIG. 2. The pulley system 206 includes
one or more pulleys 402, one or more belts 404, and a flywheel 406.
The pulley system receives rotational input provided by the clutch
axle 204 and provides rotation to the generator 208 at a rate
increased over the rate provided by the clutch axle 204.
[0042] In some embodiments, the flywheel 406 rotates in response to
upward and downward movement of the treadles 102. The flywheel 406
may be located at any point in the pulley system 206. In the
illustrated embodiment, the flywheel 406 is located at the
intersection of the first stage of the pulley system 206 and the
second stage of the pulley system 206. In some embodiments, the
flywheel 406 acts as a pulley 402 in the pulley system 206.
[0043] The flywheel 406 may act to store inertia in the pulley
system 206 and dampen changes in the rate of fall in the treadles
206. The flywheel 406 may be sized to provide desirable dampening
characteristics. In one embodiment the flywheel is an eight and one
half pound flywheel.
[0044] FIGS. 6 and 7 depict alternative perspective views of one
embodiment of the clutch axle 204 of FIG. 2. The clutch axle 204
includes a clutch driver 302, an axle bearing 602, and a clutch
604. The clutch driver 302 is similar to the same numbered object
described in relation to FIG. 3. The clutch axle 204 translates
linear motion from the drive link 202A to rotary motion.
[0045] The axle bearing 602 supports the clutch axle 204 and allows
the clutch axle 204 to rotate. The axle bearing 602 may be mounted
to a frame of the dual-tread treadmill 100. The axle bearing 602
may be any type of bearing known in the art. For example, the axle
bearing 602 may be a roller bearing, a ball bearing, or a plain
bearing.
[0046] In certain embodiments, the clutch axle 204 is supported by
a plurality of axle bearings 602. For example, the clutch axle 204
may be supported by three axle bearings 602.
[0047] The clutch 604, in one embodiment, connects the clutch
driver 302 to the clutch axle 204. The clutch 604 passes rotation
from the clutch driver 302 to the clutch axle 204. The clutch 604
may pass the rotation of the clutch driver 302 to the clutch axle
204 in substantially one direction. For example, the treadmill may
include a second drive link 202B similar to the drive link 202A.
The clutch 604 may pass rotation from the clutch driver 302 to the
clutch axle 204 when the second treadle 102B and the second drive
link 202B are moving in an upward direction, but substantially not
pass rotary motion to the clutch axle 204 (freewheel) when the
second drive link 202B and the second treadle 102B are moving in a
downward direction. As a result of the above-described action of
the clutch 604, reciprocating movement of the treadles 102 and the
drive links 202 will impart rotation of the clutch axle 204 in
substantially one direction.
[0048] In some embodiments, the clutch 604 passes a braking torque
from the clutch axle 204 to the to the clutch driver 302. The
braking torque may be created by the generator 208 and passed
through the pulley system 206 to the clutch axle 204. In some
embodiments, the braking torque is passed by the clutch 604 when
the treadle 102B is moving in an upward direction.
[0049] The clutch 604 may be any type of clutch known in the art.
For example, the clutch may be a one-way clutch, a clutch bearing,
a one-way needle, a sprag clutch, a ratchet, a freewheel, or a
slipper clutch.
[0050] In some embodiments, the clutch axle 204 includes a second
clutch 702. The second clutch 702, in one embodiment, connects a
second clutch driver 704 to the clutch axle 204. The second clutch
702 passes rotation from the second clutch driver 704 to the clutch
axle 204. The second clutch 702 may pass the rotation of the second
clutch driver 704 to the clutch axle 204 in substantially one
direction. For example, the second clutch 702 may pass rotation
from the second clutch driver 704 to the clutch axle 204 when the
treadle 102A and the drive link 202A are moving in an upward
direction, but substantially not pass rotary motion to the clutch
axle 204 (freewheel) when the drive link 202A and the treadle 102A
are moving in a downward direction. As a result of the
above-described action of the clutch 604, reciprocating movement of
the treadles 102 and the drive links 202 will impart rotation of
the clutch axle 204 in substantially one direction.
[0051] In some embodiments, motions of the first treadle 102A and
the second treadle 102B are mechanically coordinated. For example,
in response to a user stepping on the first treadle 102A and
causing an end of the first treadle 102A to move downward, a
linkage may cause an end of the second treadle 102B to move upward.
The linkage may also cause the opposite synchronization such that
in response to a user stepping on the second treadle 102B and
causing the end of the second treadle 102B to move downward, the
linkage may cause the end of the first treadle 102A to move
upward.
[0052] In certain embodiments, the drive links 202A, 202B and the
clutch axle 204 interact such that the clutch axle is driven by a
treadle 102 moving in an upward direction. For example, in response
to a user stepping on the first treadle 102A, the end of the first
treadle 102A moves in a downward direction, the second treadle 102B
moves in an upward direction, and the second drive link 202B
connected to the second treadle may engage the second clutch 702 to
pass rotation to the clutch axle 204. In this manner, a force
generated by a user by stepping on a treadle 102 may be converted
to rotational motion at the clutch axle 204.
[0053] In some embodiments, the clutch 604 passes a braking torque
from the clutch axle 204 to the to the clutch driver 302. The
braking torque may be created by the generator 208 and passed
through the pulley system 206 to the clutch axle 204. In some
embodiments, the braking torque is passed by the clutch 604 when
the treadle 102B is moving in an upward direction.
[0054] The clutch 604 may be any type of clutch known in the art.
For example, the clutch may be a one-way clutch, a clutch bearing,
a one-way needle, a sprag clutch, a ratchet, a freewheel, or a
slipper clutch.
[0055] The clutch axle 204 may interact with the treadles 102A,
102B, the pulley system 206, and the generator 208 such that the
generator is driven by reciprocal motion of the treadles 102A,
102B.
[0056] FIG. 8 depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of a
rocker drive dual tread treadmill 800. The rocker drive dual tread
treadmill 800 includes two treadles 802A, 802B (collectively
"treadles" 802), a rocker 802 and a rocker axle 806. The treadles
802 are substantially similar to the treadle 102 described above in
relation to FIG. 1. The rocker drive dual tread treadmill 800
translates upward and downward motion of the treadles 802 to rotary
motion which is then controlled by an electromechanical braking
system.
[0057] The rocker 804 is connected to the first treadle 802A near a
first end 808 of the rocker 804 and to the second treadle 802B at a
second end 810 of the rocker 804. The rocker 804 is connected to a
frame of the rocker drive dual tread treadmill 800 at a position
disposed between the first end 808 of the rocker 804 and the second
end 810 of the rocker 804.
[0058] In one embodiment, the connection between the rocker 804 and
the frame is a rocker axle 806. The rocker axle 806 allows the
rocker 804 to pivot about the rocker axle 806. The rocker axle 806
may include a bearing, such as a roller bearing, a ball bearing, or
a plain bearing. In some embodiments, the rocker axle 806 is
perpendicular to a treadle axle 812 about which the treadles 802
pivot.
[0059] In some embodiments, the rocker 804 will rotate back and
forth in a "see saw" motion as the treadles 802 reciprocate upward
and downward. The rocker 804 may tie the treadles 802 together such
that when one treadle 802A moves in a downward direction, the other
treadle 802B moves in an upward direction.
[0060] The rocker axle 806, in some embodiments, rotates as the
treadles 802 are moved. Rotation of the rocker axle 806 may be
passed through an electromechanical braking system to restrict the
movement of the treadles 802. For example, the rotation of the
rocker axle 806 may be passed through a series of clutches, chains,
and/or pulleys to a generator, similar to those described above in
relation to FIGS. 1-7. Embodiments of rocker drive mechanisms are
further discussed below in relation to FIGS. 11 and 12.
[0061] FIG. 9 is a block diagram depicting one embodiment of a
system 900 for providing resistance in a dual tread treadmill 100.
The system 900, includes two treadles 102, a two drive links 202, a
pulley system 206, a generator 208, a variable electrical load 902,
a rocker 804, an encoder 904, and a computer 906. The treadles 102,
drive links 202, pulley system 206, generator 208, and rocker 804
are substantially similar to the same-numbered components described
above. The system 900 provides resistance to treadle 102
articulation in a dual tread treadmill 100.
[0062] As described above, in one embodiment, articulation of the
treadles 102 causes translation of the drive links 202. Translation
of the drive links 202 causes rotation of the pulley system 206.
Rotation of the pulley system 206 causes rotation of the generator
208 which produces electrical energy and provides a braking torque
back through the mechanical system to the treadles 102.
[0063] In some embodiments, the generator 208 is electrically
connected to a variable electrical load device 902. The variable
electrical load device 902 provides a variable electrical load to
the generator 208, causing the braking torque produced by the
generator 208 to be increased or decreased. In one embodiment, the
variable electrical load device 902 is controlled by a computer
906. The computer 906 may direct the variable electrical load
device 902 to increase or decrease an electrical load applied to
the generator 208 to increase or decrease the fall rate of the
treadles 102. The computer 906 may give this direction in response
to a user input, in response to a pre-programmed exercise regimen,
in response to direction from a group exercise leader, in response
to one or more physical characteristics of the user (e.g. heart
rate), or any other trigger.
[0064] The variable electrical load device 902 may use any type of
variable electrical load. For example, the variable electrical load
device 902 may apply a varying resistance to the generator 208 and
dissipate the resulting energy as heat. In another example, the
variable electrical load device 902 may direct power from the
generator 208 to a battery or batteries at a varying rate. In a
further example, the variable electrical load device 902 may direct
power from the generator 208 to an electrical grid at a varying
rate.
[0065] In some embodiments, the system 900 includes an encoder 904
that indicates the position of the treadles 102. The encoder 904
may be electrically connected to the computer 906 and provide
position information to the computer 906.
[0066] The encoder 904 may be any type of encoder known in the art.
For example, the encoder 904 may be an optical encoder connected to
the rocker 804. In another embodiment, the encoder 904 is a
magnetic encoder.
[0067] The computer 906, in certain embodiments, determines various
parameters related to operation of the system 900, displays
information relating to operation of the system 900, and controls
aspects of the operation of the system 900. The computer 906 may
receive inputs from an encoder 904, the generator 208, or any other
component of the system 900. The computer 906 is described in
greater detail in relation to FIG. 10.
[0068] FIG. 10 is a block diagram depicting one embodiment of the
computer 906 of FIG. 9. The computer includes a processor 1002, a
memory device 1004, an input/output manager 1006, a display driver
1008, a rate meter 1010. a balance meter 1012, a resistance
controller 1014, and a treadle leveler 1016. The computer 906
determines various parameters related to operation of the system
900, displays information relating to operation of the system 900,
and controls aspects of the operation of the system 900.
[0069] The processor 1002, in one embodiment, is a hardware
component that executes instructions of a computer program. The
processor 1002 may be any known or future processor capable of
executing the functions of the computer 906. For example, the
processor 1002 may be a microprocessor, a central processing unit
(CPU) a very-large-scale integration (VLSI) integrated circuit
(IC), or a digital signal processor (DSP). The processor 1002 may
be programmed to perform the functions of the computer 906.
[0070] In some embodiments, the memory device 1004 stores
information for use by the computer 906. The memory device 1004 may
be any type of known or future computer memory. For example, the
memory device 1004 may be or include a volatile memory, a
non-volatile memory, random access memory (RAM), flash memory, or a
read-only memory (ROM). The information stored by the memory device
1004 may include sensor data, program data, calculated data, user
input data, or any other data used by the computer 906.
[0071] The input/output manager 1006, in one embodiment, manages
inputs of data to and outputs of data from the computer 906. The
input/output manager 1006 may include hardware, software, or a
combination of hardware and software. Inputs managed by the
input/output manager 1006 may include force sensor inputs, RPM
sensor inputs, user inputs, or other inputs. Outputs managed by the
input/output manager 1006 may include raw outputs and calculated
outputs.
[0072] The display driver 1008, in some embodiments, controls
output of the computer to a display. The display driver 1008 may
manage output to one or more LCD, LED, or other displays. For
example, the display driver 1008 may control one or more
multi-segment LED displays. In another example, the display driver
1008 may control an output to an LCD screen.
[0073] In some embodiments, the rate meter 1010 determines a rate
at which the system 900 is operated. The rate meter 1010 may
receive an input signal that is related to the rate and compute a
rate from the input signal. For example, the input signal may be
produced by an optical sensor (not shown). In another example, the
input signal may be produced by a magnetic sensor (not shown). In
another example, the input signal may be produced by the generator
208 that produces electrical power as the exercise apparatus is
operated. For example, the generator 208 may produce alternating
current with a waveform that has a period related to the rate of
operation of the system 900. The period may be related to the rate
by gear ratios of the pulley system 206, characteristics of the
generator 208, the clutch axle 204, and other parameters. The rate
meter 1010 may calculate a rate, such as a cadence rate for steps
on the treadles 102 using these relationships.
[0074] The rate meter 1010 may determine the rate from the input
signal by directing the processor 1002 to perform an operation on
the input signal. For example, the processor 1002 may interpret the
input signal and apply a calculation based on a gear ratio,
sampling rate, or other parameter of the system 900 to determine
the rate. In some embodiments, the rate calculated by the processor
1002 may be an estimate of a rate of action by a user of the
exercise apparatus is operated, such as cadence, RPM, or speed
(such as miles per hour or kilometers per hour).
[0075] The balance meter 1012, in one embodiment, determines the
relative usage of the first treadle 102A and the second treadle
102B. For example, a user of the system 900 may favor one leg over
the other and regularly apply more force or step for a longer
period of time on the favored leg. As a result, the treadle 102A
used by the favored leg may be on average at a lower position than
the treadle 102B used by the non-favored leg. The balance meter
1012 may determine that the average position of the first treadle
102A is lower than that for the second treadle 102B and display
this information to indicate that one leg is being favored over the
other. The balance meter 1012 may update this information
essentially continuously so that the user can adjust usage to
balance his or her use of the system 900.
[0076] In certain embodiments, the balance meter 1012 receives
information about use of the treadles 102 via an encoder 904. The
encoder 904 may be attached to any moving component of the system
that reflects relative usage of the treadles 102. For example, the
encoder 904 may be disposed on the rocker 804 and indicate the
angle of the rocker 804. In another example, the encoder 904 may be
disposed on the treadles 102.
[0077] The resistance controller 1014 may act on the variable
electrical load device 902. The resistance controller 1014 may
direct the variable electrical load device 902.
[0078] FIG. 11 depicts a perspective view of another embodiment of
a rocker drive 1100. The rocker drive 1100 includes a rocker 802, a
rocker axle 806, a drive gear 1102, a clutch 1104, a clutch shaft
1108, a gear box 1112 and a generator 1114. In one embodiment, the
rocker 802 and the rocker axle 806 are similar to same numbered
components described in relation to FIG. 8. The rocker drive 1100
converts the rocking motion of the rocker 802 to electrical
energy.
[0079] In some embodiments, the various components of the rocker
drive system 1100 convert the rocking motion of the rocker 802 to
rotary motion, which is translated to the generator 1114. The
rotary motion may be transformed to increase or decrease the rate
of rotary motion. In some embodiments, several components of the
rocker drive 1100 are analogous to components of the system
described above in relation to FIGS. 2-7.
[0080] The drive gear 1102, in one embodiment, rotates in response
to rotation of the rocker axle 806. The drive gear 1102 may exhibit
a rocking motion as the rocker 802 rocks. In some embodiments, the
rocker drive 1100 includes two drive gears 1102.
[0081] The drive gear 1102 may include a drive link 1103. The drive
link 1103 may engage the drive gear 1102 and be translated as the
drive gear 1102 rotates. In one embodiment, the rocker drive 1100
includes two drive gears 1102, each with an attached drive link
1103. The drive links 1103 may be wrapped around the drive gears
1102 in opposite directions.
[0082] In some embodiments, the clutch 1104 receives rotary motion
from the drive link 1103 and passes the rotary motion to a clutch
shaft 1108. The clutch 1104 may pass rotary motion in only one
direction. In some embodiments, the rocker drive 1100 includes two
clutches 1104. The two clutches 1103 may interact with two drive
links 1103 configured to each allow rotation of the clutch shaft
1108 in the same direction. The resulting output rotation of the
clutch shaft 1108 may be rotation in a single direction as the
rocker 802 rocks.
[0083] One or more springs 1106 may be operable to control rotation
of the drive gears 1102, the drive links 1103, and/or the clutches
1104. The springs 1106 may act to prevent or reduce backlash in the
rocker drive system 1100.
[0084] The gear box 1112, in one embodiment, changes the rate of
rotation provided by the clutch shaft 1108 and provides the changed
rotation to the generator 1114. The gear box 1112 may be any type
of known gear box, including a transmission, a pulley system, and
the like. The generator 1114 may be similar to the generator 208
described above. The generator 1114 may be managed and regulated as
described above.
[0085] FIG. 12 depicts a perspective view of another embodiment of
a rocker drive 1200. The rocker drive 1200 operates as described in
FIG. 12 and is similar to the rocker drive 1100 of FIG. 11.
[0086] FIG. 13 depicts a perspective view of an alternative
embodiment of a dual tread treadmill 1300. The dual tread treadmill
1300 includes a first treadle 1302A, a second treadle 1302B
(collectively, "treadles 1300"), a frame 1304, a clutch axle 1306,
a transmission 1308, a generator 1310, a rocker 1312, a tensioning
mechanism 1314, and a tail roller 1316. In the illustrated
embodiment, some components have been removed for clarity. The dual
tread treadmill 1300 provides a separate pathway for the travel of
each foot of a user.
[0087] The treadles 1302, in some embodiments, are pivitolly
connected to the frame 1304. The treadles 1302 pivot around a
treadle axis 1318. In certain embodiments, the treadle axis 1318 is
defined by an axle disposed near a rear end of the treadles 1302.
In certain embodiments, the treadle axis 1318 is co-located with
the tail roller 1316.
[0088] In some embodiments, the tail roller 1316 is rotatably
connected to the frame 1304 at a first connection 1320A and a
second connection 1320B. The first connection 1320A and the second
connection 1320B may be any type of rotatable connection known in
the art. For example, the first connection 1320A and the second
connection 1320B may be roller bearings, ball bearings, or plain
bearings.
[0089] The tail roller 1316, in one embodiment, is not supported by
the frame between the first connection 1320A and the second
connection 1320B. In other words, the tail roller 1316 may span the
distance between the first connection 1320A and the second
connection 1320B without additional connections to the frame
between the first connection 1320A and the second connection
1320B.
[0090] In some embodiments, the tail roller 1318 is driven by a
motor 1322. The motor 1322 may be operably connected to the tail
roller by a drive linkage, such as a belt, a chain, or a gear
train. The motor 1322 may be any type of motor known in the art.
Operation of the motor 1322 may cause the tail roller 1316 to
rotate.
[0091] In some embodiments, the tail roller 1316 interfaces with
moving surfaces on the treadles 1302. Rotation of the tail roller
1316 may cause the moving surfaces to translate along the treadles
1302.
[0092] The frame 1304 provides a structure upon which other
components of the dual tread treadmill 1300 are connected. The
clutch axle 1306, the transmission 1308, the generator 1310, and
the rocker 1312 may perform functions similar to same named
components described above and are described in further detail
below.
[0093] In one embodiment, the rocker 1312 synchronizes motion of
the treadles 1302 and rotates around an axis that is parallel to
the treadle axis 1318. The rocker 1312 is described in greater
detail in relation to FIGS. 14-15B below.
[0094] FIG. 14 depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of the
rocker 1312 of FIG. 13. The rocker 1312 rotates around a rocker
axis co-located with a rocker axle 1402. The rocker 1312 is
connected to the frame 1304 at the rocker axle 1402. The rocker
1312 synchronizes motion of the treadles 1302 such that as an end
of the first treadle 1302A is at its highest point, an end of the
second treadle 1302B is at its lowest point. The rocker 1312 also
synchronizes motion of the treadles such that as the end of the
first treadle 1302A is moving in a first direction, the end of the
second treadle 1302B is moving in an opposing, second
direction.
[0095] In some embodiments, the rocker 1312 includes a plurality of
arms 1404. The arms 1404 may include one or more forward facing
arms 1404A and one or more rearward facing arms 1404B. The arms
1404 may be in mechanical communication with the treadles 1302.
[0096] In one embodiment, the rocker 1312 may include a torque tube
1406. The torque tube 1406 may include a substantially hollow tube
configured to transmit the forces applied to the rocker 1312 in
operation. The torque tube 1406 may be substantially lighter than a
solid body capable of transmitting the same forces.
[0097] In one embodiment, the rocker 1312 may include one or more
structures capable of being observed by a sensor to indicate the
position of the rocker 1312. For example, the rocker 1312 may
include one or more flanges 1408 that interact with an optical
sensor. One embodiment of a sensor is described in greater detail
below in relation to FIG. 16.
[0098] FIGS. 15A and 15B depict perspective cutaway views of one
embodiment of the rocker 1312 of FIG. 13. The rocker 1312 is
rotatably connected to the frame 1304 and synchronizes the motion
of the treadles 1302.
[0099] In one embodiment, the first treadle 1302A is connected to
the rocker 1312 by a first drag link 1502A. The first drag link
1502A may rotatably connect to the first treadle 1302A at a first
connection point. The first connection point may be disposed on a
first axle 1504A connected to the first treadle 1302A. The first
axle 1504A may be substantially parallel to the treadle axle
1318.
[0100] The first drag link 1502A may be rotatably connected to the
rocker 1312 on one of the arms 1404 of the rocker 1312. For
example, the first drag link 1502A may connect to a forward facing
arm 1404A of the rocker 1312. As a result, the first drag link
1502A may connect to the rocker 1312 at a position closer to a
forward end of the treadmill than the rocker axis.
[0101] The first drag link 1502A translates a pivoting motion of
the first treadle 1302A to the rocker 1312. As the first treadle
1302A pivots in a first direction, the first drag link 1502A causes
the rocker 1312 to pivot in the first direction.
[0102] In some embodiments, the second treadle 1302B is connected
to the rocker 1312 by a second drag link 1502C. The second drag
link 1502C may rotatably connect to the second treadle 1302B at a
second connection point. The second connection point may be
disposed on a second axle 1504B connected to the second treadle
1302B. The second axle 1504B may be substantially parallel to the
treadle axle 1318.
[0103] The second drag link 1502C may be rotatably connected to the
rocker 1312 on one of the arms 1404 of the rocker 1312. For
example, the second drag link 1502C may connect to a rearward
facing arm 1404B of the rocker 1312. As a result, the second drag
link 1502C may connect to the rocker 1312 at a position closer to a
rearward end of the treadmill than the rocker axis.
[0104] The second drag link 1502C translates a pivoting motion of
the second treadle 1302B to the rocker 1312. As the second treadle
1302A pivots in a first direction, the second drag link 1502C
causes the rocker 1312 to pivot in an opposing, second
direction.
[0105] In some embodiments, the dual treadle treadmill 1300
includes additional drag links 1502. The additional drag links 1502
may add rigidity to the treadles 1302. For example, in one
embodiment, the first treadle 1302A is connected to the rocker 1312
by a first secondary drag link 1502B and the second treadle 1302B
is connected to the rocker 1312 by a second secondary drag link
1502D.
[0106] The first secondary drag link 1502B and the second secondary
drag link 1502D are configured and connected similarly to the first
drag link 1502A and the second drag link 1502C, respectively. The
secondary drag links 1502B, 1502D may be separated from their
corresponding primary drag links 1502A, 1502C by a distance. For
example, the first secondary drag link 1502B may be rotatably
connected to the first treadle 1302A at a point on the first axle
1504A that is disposed a distance from the first connection point
at which the first drag link 1502A is connected. Similarly, the
second secondary drag link 1502D may be rotatably connected to the
second treadle 1302B at a point on the second axle 1504B that is
disposed a distance from the second connection point at which the
second drag link 1502C is connected.
[0107] FIG. 16 depicts a cutaway perspective view of one embodiment
of a position sensor 1602 for the dual treadle treadmill 1300 of
FIG. 13. The position sensor 1602 includes the position sensor 1602
and an encoder 1408. The position sensor 1602 senses a position of
the treadles 1302.
[0108] In one embodiment, the position sensor 1602 is attached to
the frame 1304. The position sensor 1602 senses a position of the
treadles 1302 by sensing an encoder 1408 that changes position as
the treadles 1302 move. The sensor 1602 may be any type of sensor
known in the art. For example, the sensor 1602 may be an optical
sensor or a magnetic sensor.
[0109] In some embodiments, the sensor 1602 is an optical sensor
and the encoder 1408 includes a flange attached to the rocker 1312.
As the rocker 1312 rotates, the position of the attached encoder
1408 changes. The sensor 1602 observes if the encoder 1408 is in a
particular position. In response to the encoder 1408 being in a
particular position, the sensor 1602 sends a signal to a computer
(not shown) to indicate the position of the encoder 1408. The
computer may interpret this signal to infer a position of the
treadles 1302.
[0110] FIG. 17 depicts a cutaway perspective view of one embodiment
of the transmission 1308 of FIG. 13. The transmission 1308 includes
a plurality of pulleys 1702A-1702F (collectively "pulleys 1702"),
and a plurality of belts 1704A-1704C (collectively "belts 1704").
The transmission 1308 changes a rate of rotation and transmits
torque from the clutch axle 1306 to the generator 1310.
[0111] The pulleys 1702, in one embodiment, include a first pulley
1702A and a second pulley 1702B. The first pulley 1702A is coupled
to the axle of the clutch axle 1306. The first pulley 1702A
interfaces with a first belt 1704A. The belt 1704A also interfaces
with the second pulley 1704B and transfers torque from the first
pulley 1702A to the second pulley 1702B.
[0112] In one embodiment, the first pulley 1702A and the second
pulley 1702B have different diameters so as to produce a gear
ratio. In one embodiment, the first pulley 1702A has a larger
diameter than the second pulley 1702B, resulting in a higher rate
of rotation at the second pulley 1702B than at the first pulley
1702A.
[0113] The first pulley 1702A, in certain embodiments, is rigidly
attached to the axle of the clutch axle 1306 such that the first
pulley 1702A rotates with the clutch axle 1306 and transmits torque
to and from the clutch axle 1306. In another embodiment, the first
pulley 1702A is connected to the axle of the clutch axle 1306 by a
smoothing clutch 1706. The smoothing clutch 1706 may decouple the
first pulley 1702A from the clutch axle 1306 in response to the
first pulley 1702A spinning at a rate faster than the axle of the
clutch axle 1306. Decoupling the first pulley 1702A (and,
subsequently, the remainder of the transmission 1308 and the
generator 1310) from the clutch axle 1306 (and, subsequently, the
treadles 1302), may smooth the motion of the treadles 1302 under
certain circumstances and result in a motion that a user may deem
more natural.
[0114] In some embodiments, the transmission 1308 includes a third
pulley 1702C and a fourth pulley 1702D. The third pulley 1702C is
coupled to the second pulley 1702B. The third pulley 1702C
interfaces with a second belt 1704B. The second belt 1704B also
interfaces with the fourth pulley 1704D and transfers torque from
the third pulley 1702C to the fourth pulley 1702D.
[0115] In one embodiment, the third pulley 1702C and the fourth
pulley 1702D have different diameters so as to produce a gear
ratio. In one embodiment, the third pulley 1702C has a larger
diameter than the fourth pulley 1702D, resulting in a higher rate
of rotation at the fourth pulley 1702D than at the third pulley
1702C.
[0116] The third pulley 1702C, in certain embodiments, is rigidly
attached to the second pulley 1702B such that the third pulley
1702C rotates with second pulley 1702B and transmits torque to and
from the second pulley 1702B. In another embodiment, the third
pulley 1702C is connected to the second pulley 1702B by a smoothing
clutch (not shown). The smoothing clutch may decouple the third
pulley 1702C from the second pulley 1702B in response to the third
pulley 1702C spinning at a rate faster than the second pulley
1702B. Decoupling the third pulley 1702 (and, subsequently, the
remainder of the transmission 1308 and the generator 1310) from the
second pulley 1702B (and, subsequently, the treadles 1302), may
smooth the motion of the treadles 1302 under certain circumstances
and result in a motion that a user may deem more natural.
[0117] As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the
transmission 1308 may have any number of belts 1704 and any even
number of pulleys 1702. The transmission 1308 may have one or more
smoothing clutches 1706. The transmission may have a smoothing
clutch at any interface between pulleys and/or axles. The
transmission may produce any desired gear ratio to increase or
decrease the speed of rotation produced at the clutch axle
1306.
[0118] The belts 1704 may be any type of rotation transmission
device known in the art. For example, the belts 1704 may include
belts, toothed belts, v-belts, chains, cables, ropes, or the like.
The pulleys 1702 may include corresponding structures appropriate
to interface with the belts 1704, such as teeth or grooves. The
transmission may include any combination of types of belts 1704,
such as a first stage poly-v belt and a second stage smooth belt,
or belts of differing sizes. In an alternative embodiment, the
transmission may include a gear train, a gearbox, a planetary gear,
gears, a hydrostatic transmission, a hydrodynamic transmission, or
the like.
[0119] FIG. 18 depicts a bottom view of one embodiment of the
tensioning mechanism 1308 of FIG. 13. The tensioning mechanism
includes a flexible linkage 1808 and one or more tensioning pulleys
1810A, 1810B (collectively "1810"). The tensioning mechanism 1308
applies and maintains tension on links 1802A, 1802B (collectively
"1802") that transmit motion from the treadles 1302 to the clutch
axle 1306.
[0120] The links 1802 are connected to the treadles 1302 and
interact with drivers 1804A, 1804B (collectively "1804") on the
clutch axle 1306 to rotate the drivers 1804. The links 1802 and
drivers 1804 may be similar to the drive links and drivers
described above in relation to FIGS. 2-7. In some embodiments, the
links 1802 are toothed belts and the drivers 1804 include teeth to
interface with the teeth on the links 1802.
[0121] The links 1802 may be connected to the tensioning mechanism
1308 to maintain tension in the links 1802. In one embodiment, the
first link 1802A may be connected to a first end of the flexible
linkage 1808. The flexible linkage 1808 may then be routed around a
portion of a first tensioning pulley 1810A. A second end of the
flexible linkage 1808 may be connected to the second link 1802B. In
some embodiments, the first tensioning pulley 1801A is rotatably
attached to the frame 1304. The position of the first tensioning
pulley 1810A relative to the frame 1304 may be adjustable so as to
adjust the tension applied to the links 1802.
[0122] In some embodiments, the tensioning mechanism 1308 includes
a second tensioning pulley 1810B. The flexible linkage 1808 may be
routed around both a portion of the first tensioning pulley 1810A
and a portion of the second tensioning pulley 1810B. The second
tensioning pulley 1810B may be rotatably attached to the frame 1304
and the position of the second tensioning pulley 1810B may be
adjustable relative to the frame 1304 and/or the first tensioning
pulley 1810A.
[0123] The tension applied to each of the links 1802A, 1802B by the
flexible linkage 1808 is substantially parallel. In some
embodiments, the force applied by the flexible linkage 1808 to both
the first link 1802A and the second link 1802B is substantially
directed toward a rear end of the dual treadle treadmill 1300.
[0124] The flexible linkage 1808 may be any type of flexible
linkage known in the art. For example, the flexible linkage 1808
may be a cable, a rope, a chain, a belt, or the like.
[0125] Although the operations of the method(s) herein are shown
and described in a particular order, the order of the operations of
each method may be altered so that certain operations may be
performed in an inverse order or so that certain operations may be
performed, at least in part, concurrently with other operations. In
another embodiment, instructions or sub-operations of distinct
operations may be implemented in an intermittent and/or alternating
manner.
[0126] It should also be noted that at least some of the operations
for the methods described herein may be implemented using software
instructions stored on a computer useable storage medium for
execution by a computer. Embodiments of the invention can take the
form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software
embodiment, or an embodiment containing both hardware and software
elements. In one embodiment, the invention is implemented in
software, which includes but is not limited to firmware, resident
software, microcode, etc.
[0127] Furthermore, embodiments of the invention can take the form
of a computer program product accessible from a computer-usable or
computer-readable storage medium providing program code for use by
or in connection with a computer or any instruction execution
system. For the purposes of this description, a computer-usable or
computer readable storage medium can be any apparatus that can
store the program for use by or in connection with the instruction
execution system, apparatus, or device.
[0128] The computer-useable or computer-readable storage medium can
be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or
semiconductor system (or apparatus or device), or a propagation
medium. Examples of a computer-readable storage medium include a
semiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable
computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory
(ROM), a rigid magnetic disk, and an optical disk. Current examples
of optical disks include a compact disk with read only memory
(CD-ROM), a compact disk with read/write (CD-R/W), and a digital
video disk (DVD).
[0129] An embodiment of a data processing system suitable for
storing and/or executing program code includes at least one
processor coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements through
a system bus such as a data, address, and/or control bus. The
memory elements can include local memory employed during actual
execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories
which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in
order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from
bulk storage during execution.
[0130] Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to
keyboards, displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the
system either directly or through intervening I/O controllers.
Additionally, network adapters also may be coupled to the system to
enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data
processing systems or remote printers or storage devices through
intervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modems, and
Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of
network adapters.
[0131] Although specific embodiments of the invention have been
described and illustrated, the invention is not to be limited to
the specific forms or arrangements of parts so described and
illustrated. The scope of the invention is to be defined by the
claims appended hereto and their equivalents.
* * * * *