U.S. patent application number 13/833330 was filed with the patent office on 2014-09-18 for composition and method of producing personal care compositions with improved deposition properties.
The applicant listed for this patent is Hercules Incorporated. Invention is credited to Stephen Hugo Hurkens, Gijsbert Kroon, Thi Hong Lan Le-Pham.
Application Number | 20140271504 13/833330 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 48289604 |
Filed Date | 2014-09-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140271504 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hurkens; Stephen Hugo ; et
al. |
September 18, 2014 |
COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PRODUCING PERSONAL CARE COMPOSITIONS WITH
IMPROVED DEPOSITION PROPERTIES
Abstract
The presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s)
relates generally to the use of nonionic hydrophobically modified
polysaccharides in personal care and household care compositions.
More specifically, but not by way of limitation, the presently
disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates to the use of
hydrophobically-modified cellulose ethers, such as
hydrophobically-modified hydroxyethylcellulose (HMHEC) polymers in
personal care and household care compositions. These compositions
show pronounced syneresis in aqueous solutions or in the presence
of surfactants, including nonionic surfactants and anionic
surfactants such as lauryl sulfate (LS) and lauryl ether sulfate
(LES). It is also contemplated that the surfactants used in the
compositions be sulfate free and/or multi-tailed.
Inventors: |
Hurkens; Stephen Hugo;
(Dordrecht, NL) ; Kroon; Gijsbert; (Hardinxveld
Giessendam, NL) ; Le-Pham; Thi Hong Lan; (Voorburg,
NL) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Hercules Incorporated |
Wilmington |
DE |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
48289604 |
Appl. No.: |
13/833330 |
Filed: |
March 15, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/59 ; 424/65;
424/70.13; 510/405; 510/417; 510/418; 510/473; 514/57 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/63 20130101; A61K
8/375 20130101; A61K 8/361 20130101; A61Q 19/10 20130101; A61K 8/37
20130101; A61Q 15/00 20130101; A61K 8/731 20130101; A61Q 5/12
20130101; C11D 17/0017 20130101; C11D 1/123 20130101; A61K 8/466
20130101; A61K 2800/49 20130101; A61Q 5/02 20130101; A61Q 19/00
20130101; A61K 2800/10 20130101; A61K 2800/524 20130101; A61K
2800/596 20130101; A61K 8/463 20130101; A61Q 17/04 20130101; C11D
1/62 20130101; A61K 8/342 20130101; A61K 2800/5422 20130101; A61K
2800/874 20130101; C11D 17/0013 20130101; A61K 8/86 20130101; C11D
3/225 20130101; A61K 2800/30 20130101; C11D 3/222 20130101; A61K
8/416 20130101; A61K 8/4946 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/59 ; 514/57;
424/70.13; 510/473; 424/65; 510/405; 510/417; 510/418 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/73 20060101
A61K008/73; C11D 3/22 20060101 C11D003/22; A61Q 5/02 20060101
A61Q005/02; A61Q 19/10 20060101 A61Q019/10; A61Q 19/00 20060101
A61Q019/00; A61Q 5/12 20060101 A61Q005/12; A61Q 17/04 20060101
A61Q017/04; A61Q 15/00 20060101 A61Q015/00 |
Claims
1-90. (canceled)
91. A composition for conditioning a functional system substrate
comprising an aqueous solution, comprising: a. at least one
surfactant comprising a surfactant selected from the group
consisting of a multi-tail surfactant, a sulfate-free surfactant,
and combinations thereof; b. at least one functional system active
ingredient; and c. a nonionic hydrophobically modified cellulose
ether having a weight average molecular weight of from 100,000 to
2,000,000, and is hydrophobically substituted, wherein the amount
of the hydrophobic substitution of the nonionic hydrophobically
modified cellulose ether is in a range from a lower limit of 0.8
weight percent to an upper limit rendering the nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether soluble in a five weight
percent solution of surfactant, and at least one of (1) less than
0.5 percent by weight soluble in water, and (2) less than 0.05
percent by weight soluble in a one percent surfactant solution,
wherein upon diluting the aqueous solution with water, the aqueous
solution undergoes syneresis, whereby the nonionic hydrophobically
modified cellulose ether separates from the aqueous solution and
deposits upon the functional system substrate.
92. The composition of claim 91, wherein the upper limit of the
weight average molecular weight of the nonionic hydrophobically
modified cellulose ether is selected from the group consisting of
1,500,000 and 1,000,000.
93. The composition of claim 91, wherein the lower limit of the
weight average molecular weight of the nonionic hydrophobically
modified cellulose ether is selected from the group consisting of
200,000 and 600,000.
94. The composition of claim 91, wherein the nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether has a hydrophobic moiety
selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkyl aryl, aryl
alkyl, and combinations thereof.
95. The composition of claim 94, wherein the hydrophobic moiety is
an alkyl having less than or equal to 12 carbons.
96. The composition of claim 94, wherein the hydrophobic moiety is
selected from the group consisting of cetyl, octyl, and butyl.
97. The composition of claim 94, wherein the hydrophobic moiety is
3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl.
98. The composition of claim 91, wherein the nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether has a backbone selected
from the group consisting of hydroxyethylcellulose,
hydroxypropylcellulose, ethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, methyl
hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose,
hydroxypropylhydroxyethylcellulose, ethyl hydroxypropylcellulose,
and methylcellulose.
99. The composition of claim 94, wherein the nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether has a hydrophobic moiety
attached to the backbone via an ether, ester, or urethane
linkage.
100. The composition of claim 91, wherein the functional system
substrate is selected from the group consisting of skin, hair,
teeth, mucous membranes, textiles, and hard surface cleaner
products.
101. The composition of claim 91, wherein the at least one
surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic,
nonionic, zwitterionic, and amphoteric surfactants.
102. The composition of claim 101, wherein the at least one
surfactant is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 50 weight
percent.
103. The composition of claim 91, wherein the aqueous solution
further comprises at least one single tail surfactant.
104. The composition of claim 103, wherein the single tail
surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic,
nonionic, zwitterionic, and amphoteric surfactants.
105. The composition of claim 104, wherein the single tail
surfactant is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 50 weight
percent.
106. The composition of claim 91, wherein the sulfate-free
surfactant is a single tail surfactant.
107. The composition of claim 91, wherein the aqueous solution
further comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of
water-lower alkanols mixtures and polyhydric alcohols having 3 to 6
carbons and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups.
108. The composition of claim 91, wherein the aqueous solution
further comprises sodium chloride.
109. The composition of claim 108, wherein the sodium chloride is
present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5 weight percent.
110. The composition of claim 91, wherein the at least one
functional system active ingredient is selected from the group
consisting of perfumes, skin coolants, emollients, moisturizers,
deodorants, antiperspirants, moisturizing agents, cleansers,
sunscreens, hair treatment agents, oral care agents, denture
adhesive agents, conditioning agents, shaving agents, beauty aids,
personal care agents, and nail care agents.
111. The composition of claim 110, wherein the at least one
functional system active ingredient is selected from the group
consisting of oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions,
solutions, slurries, dispersions, suspensions, and combinations
thereof.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Disclosed and Claimed Inventive Concepts
[0002] The presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s)
relates generally to the use of nonionic hydrophobically modified
polysaccharides in personal care and household care compositions.
More specifically, but not by way of limitation, the presently
disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates to the use of
hydrophobically-modified cellulose ethers, such as
hydrophobically-modified hydroxyethylcellulose (HMHEC) polymers in
personal care and household care compositions. These compositions
show pronounced syneresis in aqueous solutions or in the presence
of surfactants, including nonionic surfactants and anionic
surfactants such as lauryl sulfate (LS) and lauryl ether sulfate
(LES). It is also contemplated that the surfactants used in the
compositions be sulfate free and/or multi-tailed.
[0003] 2. Background
[0004] In the prior art, the commonly used approach to deliver a
polymer coating from personal care or household compositions is
through the use of complex formations between cationic polymers and
anionic surfactants. It is well-known that for hair care, cleansing
skin care, and fabric care applications, the conditioning mechanism
for polymers with cationic functionality is based on dilution
deposition of a cationic polymer-anionic surfactant complex,
referred to as a coacervate complex, which has both a cationic
polymer and an oppositely charged surfactant. (U.S. Pat. No.
5,422,280). As a result of this mechanism, commercial products such
as cationic guars, cationic hydroxyethylcellulose, and synthetic
cationic polymers show high efficacy in conditioning shampoos, skin
care cleansing formulations, and fabric cleansing/conditioning
formulations.
[0005] In personal care applications, such as in hair care and skin
care, and in household care applications, there is a desire to
deposit a coating onto the substrate (e.g., hair, skin, fabric,
etc.) that reduces the energy needed to move a comb through the
hair in the wet or dry state or delivers a silky, soft feel to the
skin or fabric. This coating can also act to improve the luster and
moisture retention of the hair and skin, as well as their
manageability and feel.
[0006] The discovery of the improved deposition of silicone resins
from cleansing formulations, such as shampoos, using cationic
polymer-anionic surfactant complexes has led to the development of
this approach to condition hair, skin, and fabric. However, the
tendency for silicone to buildup on the hair after repeated
washings with silicone shampoos, and the desire for clear
conditioning formulations has left a strong market need for
alternative approaches to achieve silicone-like conditioning on
hair, skin, and fabric substrates with or without silicone
resins.
[0007] Additionally, conditioners containing cationic polymers,
with or without silicones/emollients, can irritate skin and are
considered to be harmful to the environment despite providing good
cleansing and detangling properties for hair. Unfortunately,
attempts at replacing the cationic polymers in these compositions
have been found lacking in terms of their ability to confer
significant and predictable conditioning to keratin substrates as
compared to the environmentally harmful, cationically charged
polymers. As such, a need remains in the industry to provide an
environmentally friendly conditioner capable of providing the same
or better conditioning performances as those containing cationic
polymers but with less aqua toxicity (i.e., less environmentally
harmful water soluble or waterborne components) and less skin
irritancy.
[0008] Furthermore, there is an underlying need for compositions
having an improved overall conditioning performance combined with
other desirable attributes such as improved hair volume and
manageability, hair repair, hair color retention, skin
moisturization and moisture retention, fragrance retention,
sunscreen longevity on hair, skin, and fabrics, flavor enhancement
and antimicrobial performance in oral care applications, and fabric
abrasion resistance and colorfastness in household
applications.
[0009] Prior to the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive
concept(s) invention, water soluble polysaccharides have been used
in personal care applications, such as cleansing and cosmetic skin
care, hair care, and oral care applications, and in household
applications such as cleaning, sanitizing, polishing, toilet
preparations, and pesticide preparations. Water soluble
polysaccharides have additionally been used in applications such as
air deodorants/fresheners, rug and upholstery shampoos, insect
repellent lotions, all purpose kitchen cleaner and disinfectants,
toilet bowl cleaners, fabric softener-detergent combinations,
fabric softeners, fabric sizing agents, dishwashing detergents, and
vehicle cleaners and shampoos. Widely used commercially available
polysaccharides include water soluble polysaccharide ethers such as
methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC),
hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC),
ethylhydroxyethylcellulose (EHEC), hydroxypropyl (HP) guar,
hydroxyethyl guar, guar, starch, and other nonionic starch and guar
derivatives.
[0010] U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,106,609, 5,104,646, 6,905,694, and
5,100,658 are examples of patents that disclose the use of
hydrophobically modified cellulose ethers in cosmetic products.
These patents disclose the use of high weight average molecular
weight (i.e., 300,000 to 700,000) and alkyl carbon substitution in
the hydrophobe (i.e., 3 to 24 carbons) for use in cosmetic
compositions. U.S. Pat. No. 4,243,802 discloses a hydrophobically
modified nonionic, water-insoluble, surfactant-soluble cellulose
ether composition. The use of this material to increase the
viscosity of an acidic shampoo composition and to emulsify oil in
water emulsions is mentioned. Also, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,228,277 and
4,352,916 describe hydrophobically modified cellulose ether
derivatives modified with long chain alkyl group substitution in
the hydrophobe. U.S. Pat. No. 5,512,091 discloses hydrogel
compositions containing water-insoluble hydrophobically modified
cellulose ethers. Publication US2001/0043912 discloses anti-frizz
hair care compositions containing a hydrophobically modified
cellulose ether thickener. U.S. Pat. No. 4,845,207 discloses a
hydrophobically modified nonionic, water-soluble cellulose ether
and U.S. Pat. No. 4,939,192 discloses the use of such ether in
building compositions. U.S. Pat. No. 4,960,876 discloses
hydrophobically modified galactomannan compositions as thickeners
for use in paint, paper, and ceramic applications. U.S. Pat. No.
4,870,167 discloses hydrophobically modified nonionic
polygalactomannan ethers prepared from long-chain aliphatic
epoxides, and suggests their possible use in cosmetics, including
hand lotions, shampoos, hair treatment compounds, toothpastes, and
gels for cleaning teeth. U.S. Pat. No. 6,387,855 discloses aqueous
compositions containing silicone, a surfactant, and a hydrophobic
galactomannan gum for washing and conditioning keratin.
[0011] Additionally, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,284,230 and 7,470,651 and
Publication No. 2006/0293197 disclose the deposition of active
ingredients to hair through the well-known process of forming a
coacervate complex. U.S. Pat. No. 4,892,589 discloses the
combination of water-soluble, nonionic hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethylcellulose and water-soluble, nonionic
hydroxyethylcellulose composition used for cement. U.S. Pat. No.
4,902,499 discloses a hair care composition containing a rigid
silicone polymer, and U.S. Publication No. 2004/0076595 discloses a
hair care composition containing a cationic thickener, nonionic
thickener, or mixtures thereof, and at least one cationic
surfactant, wherein the composition preferably also contains a
silicone compound. U.S. Pat. No. 6,589,517 discloses a leave on
conditioner, i.e., a hair conditioner that is intended to be used
without a rinsing step. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,074,996 and 6,191,083
disclose the use of cationic polymeric agents. Also, U.S. Pat. No.
5,855,878 discloses a cosmetic composition containing a
hydrophobically modified nonionic polymer and an unsaturated
quaternary ammonium surfactant, however, such composition is
incapable of providing adequate performance for conditioning hair
due to the surfactants claimed therein being incompatible with
typical shampoo compositions.
[0012] The performance of water-soluble and water-insoluble
hydrophobically modified celluloses has been found lacking in terms
of their ability to confer significant and predictable conditioning
to keratin substrates. Hence, a need still exists in the industry
to have cellulose ethers that confer significant and predictable
conditioning to keratin substrates and deposit films onto solid
substrates, such as fabrics, when delivered from aqueous
compositions.
[0013] Additionally, nonionic hydrophobically modified
polysaccharides have also been found lacking in terms of their
ability to confer significant and predictable conditioning to
keratin substrates without using environmentally harmful
cationically charged polymers. As such, an additional need exists
in the industry for a method of utilizing environmentally friendly
nonionic cellulose ethers capable of conferring significant and
predictable conditioning to keratin substrates, such as hair, when
delivered from aqueous compositions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] The presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s)
is directed to a method of conditioning a functional system
substrate, comprising the steps of: [0015] (a) applying an aqueous
solution to a functional system substrate, the aqueous solution
comprising: (i) at least one surfactant comprising a multi-tail
surfactant, (ii) at least one functional system active ingredient,
and (iii) a nonionic hydrophobically modified cellulose ether
having a weight average molecular weight of from 100,000 to
2,000,000 and is hydrophobically substituted, wherein the amount of
the hydrophobic substitution of the nonionic hydrophobically
modified cellulose ether is in a range from a lower limit of 0.8
weight percent to an upper limit rendering the nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether soluble in a five weight
percent solution of surfactant, and at least one of (1) less than
0.05 percent by weight soluble in water, and (2) less than 0.05
percent by weight soluble in a one percent surfactant solution; and
[0016] (b) diluting the aqueous solution with water such that the
aqueous solution undergoes syneresis, whereby the nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether separates from the aqueous
solution and deposits upon the functional system substrate.
[0017] Additionally, the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s) is directed to an improved method of
conditioning a functional system substrate, comprising the steps
of: [0018] (a) applying an aqueous solution to a functional system
substrate, the aqueous solution comprising: (i) a surfactant
comprising at least one multi-tail surfactant, (ii) at least one
functional system active ingredient, and (iii) a nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether having a weight average
molecular weight of from 100,000 to 2,000,000, and is
hydrophobically substituted, wherein the amount of the
hydrophobically modified cellulose is in a range from a lower limit
of 0.8 weight percent to an upper limit rendering the nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether soluble in a five weight
percent solution of surfactant, and at least one of (1) less than
0.05 percent by weight soluble in water, and (2) less than 0.05
percent by weight soluble in a one percent surfactant solution, and
[0019] (b) diluting the aqueous solution with water such that the
aqueous solution undergoes syneresis, whereby the nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether separates from the aqueous
solution and deposits upon the functional system substrate.
[0020] The presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s)
is further directed to an improved method of conditioning a
functional system substrate, comprising the steps of: [0021] (a)
applying an aqueous solution to a functional system substrate, the
aqueous solution comprising: (i) a surfactant comprising at least
one single tail sulfate-free surfactant, (ii) at least one
functional system active ingredient, and (iii) a nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether having a weight average
molecular weight of from 100,000 to 2,000,000 and is
hydrophobically substituted, wherein the amount of the
hydrophobically modified cellulose is in a range from a lower limit
of 0.8 weight percent to an upper limit rendering the nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether soluble in a five weight
percent solution of surfactant, and at least one of (1) less than
0.05 percent by weight soluble in water, and (2) less than 0.05
percent by weight soluble in a one percent surfactant solution, and
[0022] (b) diluting the aqueous solution with water such that the
aqueous solution undergoes syneresis, whereby the nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether separates from the aqueous
solution and deposits upon the functional system substrate.
[0023] The presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s)
is also directed to a process of conditioning an aqueous based
functional system selected from the group consisting of personal
care and household care products comprising adding and mixing a
sufficient amount of a hydrophobically modified cellulose ether
that is compatible with the aqueous based functional system to
thicken the functional system wherein the hydrophobically modified
cellulose ether is a nonionic hydrophobically modified cellulose
ether (HMCE) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from
100,000 to 2,000,000 and is hydrophobically substituted, wherein
the amount of the hydrophobic substitution of the nonionic
hydrophobically modified cellulose ether is in a range from a lower
limit of 0.8 weight percent to an upper limit rendering the
nonionic hydrophobically modified cellulose ether soluble in a five
weight percent solution of surfactant, and at least one of (1) less
than 0.05 percent by weight soluble in water, and (2) less than
0.05 percent by weight soluble in a one percent surfactant
solution, and wherein the cellulose ether provides a conditioning
benefit to a functional system substrate, and the resulting
functional system has comparable or better conditioning properties
as compared to when using similar thickening agents outside the
scope of the present composition(s) and/or method(s).
[0024] The hydrophobically modified polysaccharide polymers of the
presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) can be
either water-soluble with the formation of a homogeneous gel above
a certain polymer concentration in water (i.e., the critical
concentration) or partially soluble in water (i.e., reaching a
solution by dissolving the hydrophobically modified polysaccharide
by dissolving with the help of at least one surfactant). In both
cases, the significant feature of this polymer is the ability to
undergo syneresis when diluted to a concentration below a certain
critical polymer concentration. Such polymers are useful as
conditioning agents in 2-in-1 shampoos, in body cleansing
formulations, in oral care cleansing systems such as dentifrices,
and in fabric cleansing-conditioning systems due to their unique
mechanism of activity and dilution-deposition upon rinsing.
[0025] By syneresis and dilution-deposition, it is meant that the
hydrophobically modified polysaccharide, whose original
concentration is between 0.05%-10% by weight, undergoes liquid-gel
phase separation (i.e., syneresis) in aqueous solutions when
diluted to a final concentration with a lower limit of 0.01% by
weight in solution. The discussed polymers are water-soluble with
the formation of a homogeneous gel above a concentration in water
of 0.1%-1%. The significant and unique requirement of these gels is
the ability to undergo syneresis upon dilution with water below a
certain concentration in the personal care composition. These
polymers can be synthesized by methods known in the prior art.
[0026] In addition to polymers, the aqueous solution can include
surfactant/water mixtures, cyclodextrin/surfactant/water mixtures,
water-miscible solvents, salts, water soluble nonionic, cationic,
or anionic polymers, and a combination of any of these.
[0027] The aqueous solution can also include multi-tail
surfactant/water mixtures, cyclodextrin/multi-tail surfactant/water
mixtures, water-miscible solvents, salts, water soluble nonionic,
cationic, or anionic polymers, and a combination of any of
these.
[0028] Multi-tail surfactants have been found to improve the
conditioning benefits provided by nonionic hydrophobically modified
polymer-containing compositions such that they provide similar, if
not better, conditioning benefits to substrates than those
compositions containing cationic polymers and/or silicones and/or
emollients. When combined with at least one multi-tail surfactant
in solution, the nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharides
have been found to interact with the hydrophobic chains, or
"tails", of the multi-tail surfactants to form more stable and
denser hydrophobic structures on keratin substrates, thereby
improving the conditioning benefits provided thereon. For example,
the combination of multi-tail surfactants and nonionic
hydrophobically modified polysaccharides in shampoo compositions
provides similar or better results than their cationic polymer
counterparts for both sodium laureth sulfate/cocamidopropyl betain
(SLES/CAPB) systems and sulfate-free systems.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0029] Before explaining at least one embodiment of the presently
disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) in detail, it is to
be understood that the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive
concept(s) is not limited in its application to the details of
construction and the arrangement of the components or steps or
methodologies set forth in the following description. The presently
disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) is capable of other
embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways.
Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology
employed herein is for the purpose of description and should not be
regarded as limiting.
[0030] Unless otherwise defined herein, technical terms used in
connection with the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive
concept(s) shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by
those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, unless otherwise
required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and
plural terms shall include the singular.
[0031] All patents, published patent applications, and non-patent
publications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the
level of skill of those skilled in the art to which the presently
disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) pertains. All
patents, published patent applications, and non-patent publications
referenced in any portion of this application are herein expressly
incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as
if each individual patent or publication was specifically and
individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
[0032] All of the articles and/or methods disclosed herein can be
made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the
present disclosure. While the articles and methods of the presently
disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) have been described
in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those
skilled in the art that variations may be applied to the articles
and/or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the
method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit,
and scope of the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive
concept(s).
[0033] As utilized in accordance with the present disclosure, the
following terms, unless otherwise indicated, shall be understood to
have the following meanings.
[0034] The use of the word "a" or "an" when used in conjunction
with the term "comprising" may mean "one", but it is also
consistent with the meaning of "one or more", "at least one", and
"one or more than one". The use of the term "or" is used to mean
"and/or" unless explicitly indicated to refer to alternatives only
if the alternatives are mutually exclusive, although the disclosure
supports a definition that refers to only alternatives "and/or".
Throughout this application, the term "about" is used to indicate
that a value includes the inherent variation of error for the
quantifying device, the method being employed to determine the
value, or the variation that exists among the study subjects. For
example, but not by way of limitation, when the term "about" is
utilized, the designation value may vary by plus or minus twelve
percent, or eleven percent, or ten percent, or nine percent, or
eight percent, or seven percent, or six percent, or five percent,
or four percent, or three percent, or two percent, or one percent.
The use of the term "at least one" will be understood to include
one as well as any quantity more than one, including but not
limited to, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, etc. The term
"at least one" may extend up to 100 or 1000 or more, depending on
the term to which it is attached; in addition, the quantities of
100/1000 are not to be considered limiting, as lower or higher
limits may also produce satisfactory results. In addition, the use
of the term "at least one of X, Y, and Z" will be understood to
include X alone, Y alone, and Z alone, as well as any combination
of X, Y, and Z. The use of ordinal number terminology (i.e.,
"first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc.) is solely for the
purpose of differentiating between two or more items and is not
meant to imply any sequence or order or importance to one item over
another or any order of addition, for example.
[0035] As used herein, the words "comprising" (and any form of
comprising, such as "comprise" and "comprises"), "having" (and any
form of having, such as "have" and "has"), "including" (and any
form of including, such as "includes" and "include") or
"containing" (and any form of containing, such as "contains" and
"contain") are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude
additional, unrecited elements or method steps. The term "or
combinations thereof" as used herein refers to all permutations and
combinations of the listed items preceding the term. For example,
"A, B, C, or combinations thereof" is intended to include at least
one of: A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC and, if order is important in a
particular context, also BA, CA, CB, CBA, BCA, ACB, BAC, or CAB.
Continuing with this example, expressly included are combinations
that contain repeats of one or more item or term, such as BB, AAA,
AB, BBC, AAABCCCC, CBBAAA, CABABB, and so forth. The skilled
artisan will understand that typically there is no limit on the
number of items or terms in any combination, unless otherwise
apparent from the context.
[0036] It has been found that if a hydrophobically modified
polysaccharide polymer undergoes syneresis upon dilution in aqueous
solution, the hydrophobically modified polysaccharide polymer can
deposit with high efficacy on substrates such as hair, skin, teeth,
oral mucosa, or textile fabrics and can impart great conditioning
benefits to the substrates. Upon deposition onto the substrate, the
hydrophobically modified polysaccharide can also deposit other
ingredients which improve the conditioning or enhance the
characteristics of the substrate. These polymers also have
potential for conditioning skin when used in cleansing or
moisturizing formulations, since these polymers may also better
deliver the oil phase typically used in such creams and
lotions.
[0037] Surprisingly, it has been found that nonionic
hydrophobically modified polysaccharides, preferably cellulose
derivatives, and more specifically hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethylcellulose, HMHEC, that show pronounced syneresis in
aqueous solution upon dilution can deposit with high efficacy on
hair/skin and can impart enhanced conditioning benefits to keratin
substrates. Such polymers impart other benefits in hair styling,
body lotions, and sunscreens due to hydrophobic film formation on
keratin substrates that acts as a barrier between the surfaces and
the surrounding atmosphere.
[0038] Although it has been found that nonionic hydrophobically
modified polysaccharides show pronounced syneresis in aqueous
solutions upon dilution and can deposit with relatively high
efficacy on substrates, compositions in the prior art containing
nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharides have been found
to have inferior conditioning properties to compositions containing
environmentally harmful, but effective, cationic polymers. However,
it has been surprisingly found that the addition of at least one
multi-tail surfactant improves the conditioning properties of
nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharide compositions such
as to provide similar or better conditioning benefits as the
environmentally harmful compositions containing cationic polymers
and/or silicones and/or emollients.
[0039] Furthermore, it has been found that nonionic hydrophobically
modified polysaccharide compositions containing surfactants
consisting of only sulfate-free surfactants are capable of showing
pronounced syneresis in aqueous solutions upon dilution and can
deposit on substrates with a similar or better efficacy than
compositions containing cationic polymers, even without the
presence of multi-tail surfactants. It has also been found that the
addition of multi-tail surfactants to compositions containing both
nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharide compositions and
sulfate-free surfactants does not interfere with the deposition
efficacy of the compositions.
[0040] Moreover, it has been found that the addition of sodium
chloride to nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharide
compositions containing surfactants consisting of only sulfate-free
surfactants further improves the deposition efficacy of such
compositions, which thereby results in improved conditioning
properties on the substrate. Improvements in deposition efficacy
and conditioning properties resulting from the addition of sodium
chloride was also found to occur in nonionic hydrophobically
modified polysaccharide compositions containing both sulfate-free
surfactants and multi-tail surfactants.
[0041] Nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharides may be
useful as film-formers and co-deposition agents onto the surfaces
of hair, skin, and textiles, aiding in protection of the hair,
skin, and textile substrates from moisture-loss, aiding deposition
of sunscreens and subsequent protection of these substrates from UV
radiation, enhancing deposition of fragrance or flavor onto
substrates and entrapping fragrance and flavor leading to their
improved longevity on these substrates, or aiding deposition of
antimicrobial reagents and other active personal care ingredients,
resulting in improved longevity of the active on the substrate. In
addition, these polymers find use in oral care applications such as
dentifrices and denture adhesives to deliver prolonged flavor
retention and flavor release. Prolonged release of antimicrobial
and biocide agents from these polymers may also find usefulness in
household and personal care applications, such as skin and hair
treatment formulas and in oral care applications such as
dentifrice, denture adhesives, and whitening strips.
[0042] In accordance with the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s), the conditioning benefits of hydrophobically
modified polysaccharides, preferably hydrophobically modified
cellulose ether polymers, are demonstrated as conditioning agents
in personal care compositions such as hair care, skin care, and
oral care compositions as well as household care compositions, such
as laundry cleaner and softener products for textile substrates and
hard surface cleaner products.
[0043] In accordance with the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s), the functional system substrate is defined as
a material that is related to personal care and household care
applications. In personal care, the substrate can be skin, hair,
teeth, and mucous membranes. In household care products, the
substrate can be hard surfaces such as metals, marbles, ceramics,
granite, wood, hard plastics, and wall boards or textiles
fabrics.
[0044] Any water soluble polysaccharide or derivatives can be used
as the backbone to form the hydrophobically modified polysaccharide
of the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s).
Thus, e.g., hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylcellulose
(HPC), methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC),
ethylhydroxyethylcellulose (EHEC), and methylhydroxyethylcellulose
(MHEC) and, agar, dextran, starch, and their nonionic derivatives
can all be modified. The amount of nonionic substituent such as
methyl, hydroxyethyl, or hydroxypropyl does not appear to be
critical so long as there is a sufficient amount to assure that the
ether is water soluble. The polysaccharides of the presently
disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) have a sufficient
degree of nonionic substitution to cause them to be water soluble
and a hydrophobic moiety including 1) 3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl
group wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight or branched chain
having 3-30 carbon atoms, or 2) C.sub.3-C.sub.30 alkyl, and
C.sub.7-C.sub.30 aryl, aryl alkyl, and alkyl aryl groups and
mixtures thereof, wherein the hydrophobic moiety is present in an
amount up to the amount that produces a hydrophobically-modified
polysaccharide that shows pronounced syneresis in aqueous solution
or in the presence of surfactants such as, for example, lauryl
sulfate (LS) and lauryl ether sulfate (LES) surfactants. When the
hydrophobe is an alkyl moiety, the number of carbons can be 3-30,
preferably 6-22, more preferably 8-18, and most preferably 10-16.
The aryl, aryl alkyl, or alkyl aryl moiety can have an upper limit
carbon amount of 30 carbons, preferably 22 carbons, more preferably
18 carbons, and even more preferably 16 carbons. The lower limit of
the carbon amount is 7 carbons, more preferably 8 carbons, and even
more preferably 10 carbons.
[0045] The preferred polysaccharide backbone is
hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). The HEC which is modified to function
in the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) is a
commercially available material. Suitable commercially available
materials are marketed by the Aqualon Company, a division of
Hercules, Incorporated, Wilmington, Del. U.S.A., under the
trademark NATROSOL.RTM..
[0046] The alkyl modifier can be attached to the polysaccharide
backbone via an ether, ester, or urethane linkage. Ether is the
preferred linkage as the reagents most commonly used to effect
etherification because it is readily obtainable. The reaction is
similar to that commonly used for the initial etherification, and
the reagents used in the reaction are usually more easily handled
than the reagents used for modification via the other linkages. The
resulting linkage is also usually more resistant to further
reactions.
[0047] An example of one polysaccharide of the presently disclosed
and/or claimed inventive concept(s) is the
3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropylhydroxyethylcellulose that shows pronounced
syneresis in aqueous solution or in the presence of nonionic
surfactants, such as acetylene based surfactants, or in the
presence of anionic surfactants such as, for example, lauryl
sulfate (LS) and lauryl ether sulfate (LES) surfactants.
[0048] The hydrophobic moiety is generally contained in an amount
such that the hydrophobic substitution of the hydrophobically
modified cellulose ether is in a range from a lower limit of 0.8
weight percent to an upper limit rendering the nonionic
hydrophobically modified polysaccharide cellulose ether soluble in
a five weight percent solution of surfactant, and at least one of
(1) less than 0.05 percent by weight soluble in water, and (2) less
than 0.05 percent by weight soluble in a one percent surfactant
solution. The alkyl group of the 3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl group can
be a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon
atoms. Exemplary modifying radicals are propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-,
2-ethylhexyl, octyl, cetyl, octadecyl, methylphenyl, and
docosapolyenoic glycidyl ether.
[0049] While the hydrophobically modified polysaccharide of the
presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) is the
backbone ingredient of the system, an optional ingredient that may
be in the system is a surfactant that can be either single tail or
multi-tail and either soluble or insoluble in the composition.
Another optional ingredient that may be used in the system is a
compatible solvent that can be either a single solvent or a blend
of solvents.
[0050] Examples of surfactants useful with the presently disclosed
and/or claimed inventive concept(s) are anionic, nonionic,
cationic, zwitterionic, or amphoteric type of surfactants, and
combinations thereof. Except for cationic surfactants, the
surfactant can be soluble or insoluble in the presently disclosed
and/or claimed inventive concept(s) and, when used, is present in
the composition in the amount of from 0.01 to about 50 wt % by
weight of the composition. Synthetic anionic surfactants include
alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates. Cationic surfactants can be present
in an amount of from 0.01 to about 1.0 wt %. Further examples of
the surfactants include single tail surfactants, multi-tail
surfactants, and combinations thereof.
[0051] Single tail surfactants are broadly defined as anionic,
nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic, or amphoteric types of
surfactants, and combinations thereof, having only a single
hydrocarbon (i.e., alkyl) chain. The hydrocarbon chain can be
straight or branched and can have one or more moieties on the
hydrocarbon chain comprising a solvophobic group (i.e., lacking an
affinity for a specific solvent, for example, water) and/or a
solvophilic group (i.e., having an affinity for a specific
solvent). Examples of single tail surfactants are sodium lauryl
sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betain, oleth-5
phosphate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium lauroamphoacetate,
and decyl glucoside.
[0052] Multi-tail surfactants are broadly defined as anionic,
cationic, zwitterionic, or amphoteric types of surfactants, and
combinations thereof, having more than one hydrocarbon (i.e.,
alkyl) chain. The at least two hydrocarbon chains can be straight,
branched, or aromatic and can have one or more moieties on the
hydrocarbon chains comprising a solvophobic group (i.e., lacking an
affinity for a specific solvent, for example, water) and/or a
solvophilic group (i.e., having an affinity for a specific
non-polar or low polar solvent). More specifically, but not by way
of limitation, the hydrocarbon chains of the multi-tail surfactants
are preferably hydrophobic in the presently disclosed and/or
claimed inventive concept(s) so as to form more stable and denser
hydrophobic structures on the substrate. When combined with at
least one multi-tail surfactant in solution, the nonionic
hydrophobically modified polysaccharides have been found to
interact with the hydrophobic chains, or "tails", of the multi-tail
surfactants to form more stable and denser hydrophobic structures
on keratin substrates, thereby improving the conditioning benefits
provided thereon. These hydrophobic structures improve the
conditioning capabilities of the nonionic hydrophobically modified
polysaccharide compositions, with or without active ingredients
optionally contained therein. Examples of multi-tail surfactants
include, but are not limited to, dioctyl sulfosuccinates like
sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate, and quaternary ammonium compounds
with long alkyl chains like dicoco dimethylammonium chloride,
dipalmitoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate, and dialkyl
ammonium methosulfate. Multi-tail surfactants such as those
marketed under the trade names STEPANTEX.RTM. DC 90 (Stepan
Company, Northfield, Ill.), STEPANQUAT.RTM. GA-90 (Stepan Company,
Northfield, Ill.), ARQUAT.RTM. 2C-75 (AkzoNobel, Chicago, Ill.) and
AEROSOL.RTM. OT (Cytec Industries Inc., West Paterson, N.J.) are
also useful in the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive
concept(s).
[0053] Nonionic surfactants can be broadly defined as compounds
containing a hydrophobic moiety and a nonionic hydrophilic moiety.
Examples of the hydrophobic moiety can be alkyl, alkyl aromatic,
dialkyl siloxane, polyoxyalkylene, and fluoro-substituted alkyls.
Examples of hydrophilic moieties are polyoxyalkylenes, phosphine
oxides, sulfoxides, amine oxides, and amides. Nonionic surfactants
such as those marketed under the trade name SURFYNOL.RTM. (Air
Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pa.) are also useful in
the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s).
Cationic surfactants useful in vehicle systems of the compositions
of the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s)
contain amino or quaternary ammonium hydrophilic moieties which are
positively charged when dissolved in the disclosed aqueous
composition. Zwitterionic surfactants are exemplified by those
which can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic
quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, which
can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary
ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the
aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain, and wherein
one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18
carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group,
e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants which can be used in the
disclosed systems and compositions are those which are broadly
described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines
in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain
and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8
to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water
solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate,
or phosphonate. Sulfate-free surfactants can be broadly defined as
either single tail or multi-tail surfactants, or combinations
thereof, that are generally free from salts or esters of sulfuric
acid. Examples of sulfate-free surfactants include, but are not
limited to, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium lauroamphoacetate,
cocamidopropyl betain, and decyl glucoside.
[0054] According to the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s), the solvent used in the system should be
compatible with the other components of the disclosed compositions.
Examples of the solvents that may be used are water, water-lower
alkanols mixtures, and polyhydric alcohols having from 3 to 6
carbon atoms and from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups. Preferred solvents
are water, propylene glycol, water-glycerine, sorbitol-water, and
water-ethanol. The solvent, when used, is present in the
composition at a level of from 0.1% to 99% by weight of the
composition.
[0055] In certain instances, the active component is optional
because the dissolved polymer can be the active ingredient
component. An example of this is the use of the polymer in a
conditioner formulation for hair or skin conditioning or in a
fabric conditioner formulation. However, when an active ingredient
is needed, it should provide some benefit to the user, the user's
body, and/or the substrate to which it is applied.
[0056] In accordance with the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s), the functional system may be either a
personal care product or a household care product. When the
functional system is a personal care product that contains at least
one active personal care ingredient, the personal care active
ingredient includes, but is not limited to, analgesics,
anesthetics, antibiotic agents, antifungal agents, antiseptic
agents, antidandruff agents, antibacterial agents, vitamins,
hormones, antidiarrhea agents, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory
agents, vasodilators, kerolytic agents, dry-eye compositions,
wound-healing agents, anti-infection agents, as well as solvents,
diluents, adjuvants and other ingredients such as water, ethyl
alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, higher alcohols,
glycerine, sorbitol, mineral oil, preservatives, surfactants,
propellants, fragrances, essential oils, and viscosifying
agents.
[0057] Personal care compositions include hair care, skin care, sun
care, nail care, and oral care compositions. Examples of active
substances that may suitably be included, but not limited to, in
the personal care products according to the presently disclosed
and/or claimed inventive concept(s) are as follows: 1) Perfumes,
which give rise to an olfactory response in the form of a fragrance
and deodorant perfumes which in addition to providing a fragrance
response can also reduce body malodor; 2) Skin coolants, such as
menthol, menthyl acetate, menthyl pyrrolidone carboxylate
N-ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide and other derivatives of menthol,
which give rise to a tactile response in the form of a cooling
sensation on the skin; 3) Emollients, such as isopropylmyristate,
silicone materials, mineral oils and vegetable oils which give rise
to a tactile response in the form of an increase in skin lubricity;
4) Deodorants other than perfumes, whose function is to reduce the
level of or eliminate micro flora at the skin surface, especially
those responsible for the development of body malodor. Precursors
of deodorants other than perfume can also be used; 5)
antiperspirant actives, whose function is to reduce or eliminate
the appearance of perspiration at the skin surface; 6) moisturizing
agents, that keep the skin moist by either adding moisture or
preventing from evaporating from the skin; 7) cleansing agents,
that remove dirt and oil from the skin; 8) sunscreen active
ingredients that protect the skin and hair from UV and other
harmful light rays from the sun. In accordance with this invention,
a therapeutically effective amount will normally be from 0.01 to
10% by weight, preferable 0.1 to 5% by weight of the composition;
9) hair treatment agents that condition hair, cleanse hair,
detangle hair, act as styling agents, volumizing and gloss agents,
color retention agents, antidandruff agents, hair growth promoters,
hair dyes and pigments, hair perfumes, hair relaxer, hair bleaching
agents, hair moisturizer, hair oil treatment agents, and
antifrizzing agents; 10) oral care agents, such as dentifrices and
mouth washes that clean, whiten, deodorize and protect the teeth
and gum; 11) denture adhesives that provide adhesion properties to
dentures; 12) shaving products such as creams, gels and lotions and
razor blade lubricating strips; 13) tissue paper products such as
moisturizing or cleansing tissues; 14) beauty aids such as
foundation powders, lipsticks, and eye care; and 15) textile
products such as moisturizing or cleansing wipes.
[0058] In accordance with the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s), when the functional system is a household
care composition, this household care product includes a
hydrophobically modified polysaccharide and at least one active
household care ingredient. The household care active ingredient
should provide some benefit to the user. Examples of active
substances that may suitably be included, but not limited to,
according to the present invention are as follows: 1) perfumes,
which give rise to an olfactory response in the form of a fragrance
and deodorant perfumes which in addition to providing a fragrance
response can also reduce odor; 2) insect repellent agent whose
function is to keep insects from a particular area or attacking
skin; 3) bubble generating agent such as surfactant that generates
foam or lather; 4) pet deodorizer or insecticides such as
pyrethrins that reduce pet odor; 5) pet shampoo agents and actives,
whose function is to remove dirt, foreign material and germs from
the skin and hair surfaces; 6) industrial grade bar, shower gel,
and liquid soap actives that remove germs, dirt, grease and oil
from skin, sanitizes skin, and conditions the skin; 7) all purpose
cleaning agents that remove dirt, oil, grease, and germs from the
surface in areas such as kitchens, bathroom, and public facilities;
8) disinfecting ingredients that kill or prevent growth of germs in
a house or public facility; 9) rug and upholstery cleaning actives
which lift and remove dirt and foreign particles from the surfaces
and also deliver softening and perfumes; 10) a laundry softener
active which reduces static and makes fabric feel softer; 11)
laundry detergent ingredients which remove dirt, oil, grease,
stains and kills germs; 12) laundry or detergent or fabric softener
ingredients that reduce color loss during the wash, rinse, and
drying cycle of fabric care; 13) dishwashing detergents which
remove stains, food, germs; 14) toilet bowl cleaning agents which
remove stains, kills germs, and deodorizes; 15) laundry prespotter
actives which help in removing stains from clothes; 16) fabric
sizing agents which enhance appearance of fabric; 17) vehicle
cleaning actives which removes dirt, grease, etc., from vehicles
and equipment; 18) lubricating agents which reduce friction between
parts; and 19) textile products such as dusting or disinfecting
wipes.
[0059] The above enumerated personal care and household care active
ingredients are only examples and are not complete lists of active
ingredients that can be used. Other ingredients that are used in
these types of products are well known in the industry and would be
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art given the present
disclosure. In addition to the above ingredients conventionally
used, compositions according to the presently disclosed and/or
claimed inventive concept(s) can optionally also include
ingredients such as a colorant, preservative, antioxidant,
nutritional supplements, alpha or beta hydroxy acid, activity
enhancer, emulsifiers, functional polymers, viscosifying agents
(such as salts, i.e., NaCl, NH.sub.4Cl, and KCl, water-soluble
polymers, i.e., hydroxyethylcellulose and
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and fatty alcohols, i.e., cetyl
alcohol), alcohols having 1-6 carbons, fats or fatty compounds,
antimicrobial compound, zinc pyrithione, silicone material,
hydrocarbon polymer, emollients, oils, surfactants, medicaments,
flavors, fragrances, suspending agents, and mixtures thereof.
[0060] In accordance with the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s), examples of functional polymers that can be
used in blends with the hydrophobically modified polysaccharides or
derivatives thereof used herein include water-soluble polymers such
as acrylic acid homopolymers such as CARBOPOL.RTM. (Lubrizol
Advanced Materials, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio) products and anionic and
amphoteric acrylic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers
and cationic vinylpyrrolidone copolymers; nonionic, cationic,
anionic, and amphoteric cellulosic polymers such as
hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose,
carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, cationic
hydroxyethylcellulose, cationic carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose,
and cationic hydroxypropylcellulose; acrylamide homopolymers and
cationic, amphoteric, and hydrophobic acrylamide copolymers,
polyethylene glycol polymers and copolymers, hydrophobic
polyethers, hydrophobic polyetheracetals, hydrophobically-modified
polyetherurethanes and other polymers referred to as associative
polymers, hydrophobic cellulosic polymers,
polyethyleneoxide-propylene oxide copolymers, and nonionic,
anionic, hydrophobic, amphoteric, and cationic polysaccharides such
as xanthan, chitosan, carboxymethyl guar, alginates, gum arabic,
hydroxypropyl guar, hydrophobic guar polymers, carboxymethyl guar
hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, guar
hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, and hydroxypropyl guar
hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride.
[0061] In accordance with the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s), the silicone materials which can be used are
polyorganosiloxanes that can be in the form of polymers, oligomers,
oils, waxes, resins, or gums or polyorganosiloxane polyether
copolyols, amodimethicones, cationic polydimethylsiloxane materials
and any other silicone material that is used in personal care or
household compositions.
[0062] The polymers of the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s) are water-soluble with the formation of a
homogeneous gel above a certain concentration in water of 0.01%-1%.
These gels undergo syneresis upon dilution below certain
concentrations in the personal care composition. These polymers can
be synthesized by methods known in the prior art.
[0063] Other water-insoluble HMHECs that form gels or solutions in
surfactant/water or ethanol/water mixtures, and undergo syneresis
upon dilution below certain concentrations in the personal care
composition are also useful. The polymers of this invention can be
useful as conditioning agents in 2-in-1 shampoos, body lotions,
sunscreens, antifrizz, and hair styling. The polymers of the
presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) can also be
used to improve hair volume, manageability, hair repair or color
retention, skin moisturization and moisture retention, fragrance
retention, sunscreen longevity on hair, skin, and fabrics, flavor
enhancement and antimicrobial performance in oral care
applications, and improve fabric abrasion resistance and
colorfastness in household applications.
[0064] For a more detailed understanding of the presently disclosed
and/or claimed inventive concept(s), reference can be made to the
following examples which are intended as further illustrations of
the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) but are
not to be construed in a limiting sense. All parts and percentages
are by weight unless stated otherwise.
EXAMPLES
[0065] Wet and dry hair comb ability measurements are typical test
methods used to measure conditioning performance in shampoo and
conditioner applications. In skin care applications, skin lubricity
or reduced friction or softer feel of the skin, reduced water vapor
transmission, and improved skin elasticity are test methods used to
measure skin conditioning. In surfactant-based household cleansing
product formulations where conditioning performance is desired such
as dish detergents, fabric softeners, and antistatic products,
conditioning refers to imparting a softer feel to fabric and
eliminating static effects, eliminating fabric fiber breakage or
deformation known as pilling. Imparting color retention properties
to fabrics is also important and can be measured.
Standard Testing Procedures
[0066] Silicone deposition can be measured by several techniques.
One technique used for quantifying silicone deposition for Examples
of the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) is
described as follows.
1. Silicone Deposition Measurement
[0067] Each 2-5 gram sample was weighed to the nearest mg, after
removal of sample holder, and placed into clean 8-oz jars with
approximately 150 ml of methylene chloride. The samples were shaken
for 1.5 hours at room temperature. The methylene chloride
supernatant was filtered using Whatman #41 filter paper and
quantitatively transferred to clean 8-oz jars and evaporated to
dryness with mild heat and a nitrogen sparge. Each sample was then
dissolved into 2 ml of chloroform-d and quantitatively transferred
to a 5-ml volumetric flask. Three chloroform-d rinses were used to
transfer each sample to the 5-ml volumetric flask. All flasks were
diluted to the mark with solvent and inverted. Each sample was
examined in a NICOLET MAGNA 550 FT-IR with 150 co-added scans at 4
cm.sup.-1 resolution and 0.4747 velocity using a 0.1 cm-fixed path
salt cell. A chloroform-d reference spectrum was used to subtract
out the solvent bands (diff=1.0). The silicone level was determined
by measuring the peak height of the S.sub.1--CH.sub.3 stretch at
1260 cm.sup.-1 (baseline 1286 and 1227 cm.sup.-1) followed by
conversion to mg/ml of silicone using a low level calibration curve
extending from 10-300 parts per million (ppm). Each sample was
corrected for dilution volume and sample weight. All values are
reported to the nearest ppm.
2. Formulation I--Surfactant Premix
TABLE-US-00001 [0068] Grams % active ALS .sup.1 654 11.44643
STEPANOL .RTM. AM ALES .sup.2 213 3.727966 STEOL .RTM. CA-330 CAPB
.sup.3 175 3.062883 AMPHOSOL .RTM. CA Coco MEA.sup.4 16 DI Water
543.6 Wt % Ingredient in shampoo.sup.5 ALS 8.699287 ALES 2.833254
CAPB 2.327791 Total 13.86033 .sup.1 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
-STEPANOL .RTM. AM (Stepan Company, Northfield, IL) .sup.2 Ammonium
Laureth Sulfate (3 EO) - STEOL .RTM. CA-330 (Stepan Company,
Northfield, IL) .sup.3 Cocamidopropyl Betaine - AMPHOSOL .RTM. CA
(Stepan Company, Northfield, IL) .sup.4Coco Monoethanolamide -
NINOL .RTM. CMP (Stepan Company, Northfield, IL) .sup.5Use 76 grams
premix per 100 grams shampoo
3. Procedure for Preparing Silicone Shampoos from Premix
Formulation I--Lightly Bleached European Medium Brown Hair
[0069] Seventy-six grams of Formulation I surfactant premix were
weighed into a 4-oz. glass jar. Ten grams of 2 wt % polymer
solutions and 9 grams additional water were then weighed into the
4-oz. jar containing the 76 grams Formulation I surfactant premix.
The 4-oz jar was then clamped into a 60.degree. C. water bath. A
twin-propeller mixer was lowered into the jar and the jar opening
was covered with a lid to reduce evaporation loss.
[0070] The sample was stirred for 15-minutes. After the 15-minutes
of stirring, 0.25 g of NH.sub.4Cl (ammonium chloride Baker reagent)
was added to the jar. The sample was then stirred for an additional
45 minutes while covered. The sample jar was then removed from the
60.degree. C. bath. The jar was then clamped into a room
temperature water bath. The overhead stirrer was reattached and the
stirring of the sample was begun in the water bath. The sample was
allowed to stir for a minimum of 5-minutes. This was sufficient
time for the sample temperature to drop below 35.degree. C.
[0071] 3.68 g of dimethiconol, specifically SM.TM. 555 (Momentive
Specialty Chemicals Inc., Columbus, Ohio), was added to the jar and
the jar was stirred for a minimum of 5-minutes additionally. 0.5 g
of GERMABEN.RTM. II (ISP, Wayne, N.J.) product was added to the jar
and the jar was stirred for an additional minimum amount of time of
5-minutes.
[0072] The pH was checked and adjusted to 6.2-6.5 (either a 10% or
50% solution of citric acid was used to lower the pH). The jar was
sealed and centrifuged for about 10-minutes at 3,000 rpm to remove
any entrapped air.
[0073] The Brookfield viscosity equilibration was measured for 1
hour on a Brookfield LV-4, at 25.0.degree. C., @ 0.3 RPM, then 12
RPM, then 30 RPM. A 3-minute rotation time was used at each
speed.
4. Procedure for Preparing Silicone Shampoos from Premix
Formulation I--Virgin European Medium Brown Hair
[0074] The same premix Formulation I was used to prepare shampoos
for testing on virgin brown hair, however, the polymer
concentration in the shampoo was 0.4 wt %, the amount of ammonium
chloride used in these shampoos was 1.0 gram, and the amount of
silicone used was 2.45 g of SMT'' 555 (ISP, Wayne, N.J.).
5. Wet/Dry Comb Performance Measurement--Lightly Bleached European
Medium Brown Hair Conditions
[0075] Measured at constant temperature and humidity (72 deg. F.
and 50% relative humidity). An Instron 1122 (2-lb. load cell,
500-gram range) was used to measure the wet/dry comb performance.
Each tress was washed twice with SLS using the standard
washing/rinsing procedure. The twice washed tress was hand combed
5-times with large teeth comb and 5-times with small teeth comb
(10.times. total). No Instron testing of SLS-washed tresses. The
washed tresses were allowed to sit overnight. No dry-combing. Each
tress was shampooed twice with the agreed upon shampoo amount (0.5
g shampoo per 1 gram tress--all tresses were 3.0 g). Each shampooed
tress was hand combed twice with a large teeth comb. The hand
combed twice tress was loaded into an Instron instrument and the
crosshead was lowered to bottom stop. The tress was combed twice
with small teeth comb and placed into double-combs. The Instron was
run under standard conditions. After the test was run, the tress
was sprayed with DI water to keep moist. Using a paper towel, the
excess liquid was wiped off double-combs. The crosshead was
returned to bottom stop and the tress was replaced into
double-combs. The test was rerun under standard conditions. A total
of eight tests were run on each tress. After the eight tests were
finished, the tress was hung up overnight. The next day, each tress
was dry combed tested eight times. No hand combing of dry tresses
was done. Averaged wet comb energy for 40 Instron runs and reported
average with standard deviation. Averaged dry comb energy for 40
Instron runs and reported average with standard deviation.
[0076] A similar combing protocol was used for virgin hair, but
only two tresses were used, and the average reported from the two
tresses combed 5 times per tress with more precombing of the
tresses prior to measurement.
[0077] Several examples of the above technologies were demonstrated
in the following Examples 1-6 in shampoo Formulation I using the
standard combing protocol on bleached hair and virgin brown hair.
This formulation is shown only for example and other formulations
containing other silicones, or other oils, such as mineral oil or
any other commonly used conditioning oil, humectants such as
glycerol, or conditioning ingredients, such as panthenoic acid or
derivatives can be included.
6. Measurement and Calculation of Alkyl Ether Content
[0078] The alkyl ether content of the substituted cellulose ethers
shown in the examples is determined by reacting a sample with
concentrated hydriodic acid at elevated temperature to produce
alkyl iodides at temperatures of about 185.degree. C. for 2 hours.
The reaction products are extracted in situ into a solvent
(o-xylene) and the alkyl iodides are quantified by gas
chromatography. This is the so called sealed tube Zeisel--GC
technique. The amount of alkyl iodide produced by the sample is
converted into the desired equivalent alkyl compound or functional
group by multiplying by the ratio of molecular weights:
Species A.times.(mwB/mwA)=Species B
Specifically for Cetyl Content:
[0079] % cetyl iodide.times.mw cetyl/mw cetyl iodide=% cetyl
% cetyl iodide.times.225.45/3552.35=% cetyl
[0080] Weight average molecular weights were determined using
aqueous size exclusion chromatography.
Example 1
[0081] A gel of a water-soluble cetyl-modified hydroxyethyl
cellulose (C16 HMHEC, 1.14 wt % cetyl substitution, 3.8 molar
hydroxyethyl substitution, Mw=824,000 Dalton) that formed above
1.5-2 wt % polymer concentration and underwent syneresis upon
dilution in water was used in this example and showed very good
efficacy in a 2-in-1 conditioning shampoo without the need for any
cationic moiety and without depositing any silicone. For bleached
hair, wet hair comb energy was reduced 30% relative to the wet comb
energy for the no polymer control shampoo, and silicone deposition
was less than 10 ppm. Wet comb energies for the shampoo containing
the cationic guar benchmark, N-HANCE.RTM. 3916 product, were
reduced 40% relative to the no polymer shampoo.
[0082] This example demonstrates that the nonionic hydrophobic
polymer that undergoes syneresis in aqueous solution or in the
shampoo on dilution can achieve nearly 75% of the wet comb energy
reduction achieved by the cationic polymer. The dry comb energies
for the tresses treated with a shampoo containing the polymers of
the invention were equal to the dry comb energy measured on tresses
treated with the shampoo containing no polymer and the shampoo
containing cationic guar.
Example 2
[0083] A water-soluble C16 HMHEC (1.04 wt % cetyl substitution, 4.0
molar hydroxyethyl substitution, Mw=1,200,000 Dalton) was used in
this Example. This polymer formed a gel at 3-4 wt % polymer in
water but showed syneresis at 2 wt %, was dissolved in 5 wt %
ammonium lauryl sulfate to give a clear solution, and underwent
syneresis upon dilution with water. This polymer showed very good
efficacy in 2-in-1 conditioning shampoos without the need for any
cationic moiety and without depositing any silicone. For bleached
hair, wet hair comb energy was reduced by 28% relative to the no
polymer control shampoo, and silicone deposition was less than 10
ppm. Wet hair comb energy reduction was 70% of the wet comb energy
reduction achieved by cationic guar. The dry comb energies for the
tresses treated with a shampoo containing the polymers of the
invention were equal to the dry comb energy measured on tresses
treated with the shampoo containing no polymer and the shampoo
containing cationic guar.
Example 3
Comparative
[0084] A shampoo was made with a water-soluble cetyl-modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose (POLYSURF.RTM. 67 product, 0.5 wt % cetyl
substitution, 2.5 molar hydroxyethyl substitution, Mw=830,000
Dalton) that did not form a gel above 1.5-2 wt % polymer
concentration and did not undergo syneresis upon dilution in water.
For bleached hair, wet hair comb energy was reduced by 13% relative
to the wet comb energy for the no polymer control shampoo, and
silicone deposition was less than 10 ppm.
[0085] This example demonstrates that the nonionic hydrophobic
polymer that does not undergo syneresis does not show as good
efficacy in the 2-in-1 conditioning shampoo as a polymer that
undergoes dilution deposition (Examples 1-3). The dry comb energies
for tresses treated with a shampoo containing the commercial
Polysurf 67 product was equivalent, within standard deviation, of
the dry comb energy measured on tresses treated with the shampoo
containing no polymer and the shampoo containing cationic guar.
Example 4
Comparative
[0086] An HMHEC polymer that was water-insoluble (2.82 wt % cetyl
substitution, 3.83 molar hydroxyethyl substitution), dissolved with
added surfactant in shampoo, yet did not undergo syneresis upon
dilution and hence showed low efficacy in wet comb reduction. For
bleached hair, wet hair comb energy was reduced by 11% relative to
the wet comb energy for the no polymer control shampoo, and
silicone deposition was less than 10 ppm. The dry comb energies for
the tresses treated with a shampoo containing this polymer were
equal to the dry comb energy measured on tresses treated with the
shampoo containing no polymer and the shampoo containing cationic
guar. This example demonstrates that water-insolubility is not a
defining criteria for performance, and syneresis of the
water-insoluble polymer is required for performance.
Example 5
[0087] A gel of a water-soluble methylphenylglycidyl hydroxyethyl
cellulose ether, (6.3 wt % methylphenyl substitution, 2.5 molar
hydroxyethyl substitution, Mw=350,000 Dalton), formed a gel above
1.5-2 wt % polymer concentration and underwent syneresis upon
dilution in water and showed good efficacy in 2-in-1 conditioning
shampoos without the need for any cationic moiety and depositing
less than 30 ppm silicone. For virgin medium brown European hair,
wet hair comb energy reduction was 72% of the wet comb energy
reduction achieved by cationic guar. A silky feel was imparted to
the hair.
[0088] Wet comb energy for the shampoo containing the cationic guar
benchmark, N-HANCE.RTM. 3916 product, was reduced 61% relative to
the no polymer shampoo, with greater than 40 ppm silicone
deposited. This example demonstrated that the nonionic hydrophobic
polymer that undergoes syneresis in aqueous solution or in the
shampoo on dilution can achieve nearly 74% of the wet comb energy
reduction achieved by the cationic polymer on virgin hair, with
less silicone deposition. The dry comb energies for the tresses
treated with a shampoo containing the polymer of the invention were
equal to the dry comb energy measured on tresses treated with the
shampoo containing no polymer and the shampoo containing cationic
guar.
Examples 6-28
[0089] Simple conditioning tests were performed evaluating polymers
of the invention and some commercial polymers on mildly bleached
hair using a fully formulated rinse-off conditioner (Examples 6-16)
and aqueous solutions of the polymers (Examples 17-28). The Instron
comb test described below was used to generate the data shown in
these Examples. Comparison of the wet and dry comb energy Example
16 with other Examples in the Table demonstrated that the polymer
of the invention delivered the lowest combined wet and dry comb
energies of all nonionic and hydrophobic polymers tested and
approached the wet and dry comb energies delivered by cationic
polymers of Example 8. In Table 2, comparison of the wet and dry
comb energy Example 28 with other examples in the Table 2
demonstrated that the polymer of the invention delivered the lowest
combined wet and dry comb energies of all nonionic and hydrophobic
polymers tested and approached the wet and dry comb energies
delivered by cationic polymers of Examples 18-20.
[0090] Table 1--Polymers as a Conditioner in Fully Formulated
Conditioning Formulation 1
[0091] NATROSOL.RTM. (Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, Del.)
hydroxyethyl cellulose type 250HHR was added to water under
agitation. Next, pH was adjusted to 8.0 to 8.5. The slurry was
stirred for about 30 minutes or until polymer dissolved. Next,
polymer of this invention or a commercial comparative polymer
listed in TABLE 1 was added and mixed for 30 more minutes. The
solution was heated to about 65.degree. C. and stirred until it
became smooth. Cetyl alcohol was added and mixed until it mixed
homogeneously. The mixture was cooled to about 50.degree. C. and
then potassium chloride was added. Next, isopropyl myristate was
added and mixed until the mixture looked homogeneous. The pH of the
mixture was adjusted between 5.25 to 5.5 with citric acid and/or
NaOH solution. The conditioner was preserved with 0.5% preservative
and mixed until it reached room temperature.
TABLE-US-00002 90.94 g Deionized water 00.70 g NATROSOL .RTM.
250HHR 00.20 g Polymer of this invention or commercial polymer
02.00 g Cetyl alcohol 00.50 g Potassium Chloride 02.00 g Isopropyl
Palmitate As required - Citric acid to adjust pH As required -
Sodium hydroxide to adjust pH 00.50 g Preservative
[0092] About three grams in weight flat tresses of mildly bleached
European hair from International Hair Importers and Products Inc.
of Glendale, N.Y. were used for measuring wet and dry combing
performance of various formulations of this experiment. To clean
the hair tress, the hair tress was first wet with 40.degree. C. tap
water and then 5.0 ml of sodium lauryl sulfate solution was applied
along the tress length. Tress was kneaded for 30 second. Tress was
then rinsed under 40.degree. C. running water for 30 seconds
followed by rinsing with room temperature tap water for 30 seconds.
The tress was then dried overnight. Next day, the tress was rewet
with 40.degree. C. tap water. Next, 0.5 grams of test conditioner
per gram of hair was applied uniformly along the length of hair.
Tress was kneaded for 30 seconds and then it was rinsed under
40.degree. C. running water for 30 seconds. The conditioner was
reapplied along the length of the tress and the tress was kneaded
for 30 seconds; then, it was rinsed under 40.degree. C. running
water for 30 seconds. The tress was rinsed with room temperature
tap water for 30 seconds. The tress was combed immediately eight
times and from the data average amount combing energy in gram
force-mm/gram of hair (gf-mm/g) required to comb the hair was
calculated. The tress was stored overnight at about 50% relative
humidity and about 23.degree. C. Next day, the tress was first
combed with fine teeth rubber comb to free-up hair stuck together.
Again, the hair tress was combed eight times to determine the
average force required to comb one gram of dry hair. The higher the
number the poorer the conditioning effect of the polymer being
tested. Two tresses were used per conditioning formulation. The
data reported below are average of two tresses.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1 Comparative Polymer Polymer Conditioner Wet
Combing Dry Combing Example# Polymer Polymer type Level/wt %
Viscosity (cps) (gf-mm/g) (gf-mm/g) Comments 6 Polymer-Free Control
-- 0 990 4774 287 Stable 7 Polymer-Free Control -- 0 1380 4513 364
Stable 8 NHANCE .RTM. 3269 cationic 0.2 1330 1389 263 Stable 9
NATROSOL .RTM. 250HHR nonionic 0.2 1970 4320 361 Stable 10 NATROSOL
.RTM. 250HHR nonionic 0.2 2100 2700 290 Stable 11 UCARE .TM. LR400
cationic 0.2 1280 811 1116 Stable 12 NEXTON .RTM. 3082R hydrophobic
0.2 2280 4941 312 Stable 13 NATROSOL .RTM. Plus 330 hydrophobic 0.2
1670 2565 340 Stable 14 POLYSURF .RTM. 67 hydrophobic 0.2 2170 2952
459 Stable 15 AQU D3673 hydrophobic 0.2 1080 2281 625 Stable 16 AQU
hydrophobic 0.2 1940 2262 298 Stable D3930 Ingredient List FOR
TABLE 1: (1) NATROSOl .RTM. 250HHR: Hydroxyethyl cellulose from
Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (2) NEXTON .RTM. 3082R: C4
hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules,
Inc., Wilmington, DE (3) POLYSURF .RTM. 67: NT4C3594, C16
hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc.
(4) NATROSOL .RTM. Plus 330: NT43669, C16 hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc. (5) UCARE .TM. LR400:
Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI (6) UCARE .TM. JR30M:
Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI (7) N-HANCE .RTM.
3269: cationic guar cationic DS 0.13, Weight average Molecular
weight 500,000 from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (8) AQUACAT
.RTM. CG 518: cationic guar, cationic DS 0.18, Weight average
Molecular weight 50,000 from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (9) AQU
D3930: Polymer of this invention, C16 hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Incorporated 0.62 wt % cetyl,
hydroxyethyl molar substitution(HEMS)4.0 (10) AQU D3673: C8
hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc.
(11) CRODACOL .RTM. C95NF: Cetyl alcohol from Croda Inc.
Parsippany, NJ (12) KCl: Potassium chloride (13) STEPAN .RTM. IPM:
Isopropyl myristate from Stepan Company, Northfield, IL (14)
GERMABEN .RTM. II: preservative from ISP, Wayne, NJ
[0093] Table 2--Polymers as a Detangling Agent/Conditioning Agent
in Aqueous System
[0094] Polymers of this invention or comparative polymers, listed
in Table 2, were added to water under agitation to form a slurry.
Next, pH was adjusted to between 8.0 to 8.5 for cellulosic polymers
and to about 6.5 for guar based products. The slurry was mixed for
about 60 minutes or until the polymer fully dissolved. Then, the pH
of the mixture was adjusted to between 5.25 to 5.5 with citric acid
and/or NaOH solution. The conditioner was preserved with 0.1%
preservative and mixed for 15 minutes. The pH was readjusted as
necessary.
Ingredients:
TABLE-US-00004 [0095] 99.70 g Deionized water 00.20 g Polymer of
this invention or commercial polymer As required - Citric acid to
adjust pH As required - Sodium hydroxide to adjust pH 00.10 g
Preservative
[0096] About three grams in weight of flat tresses of mildly
bleached European hair from International Hair Importers and
Products Inc. of Glendale, N.Y. were used for measuring wet and dry
combing performance of various formulations of this example. To
clean the hair tress, the hair tress was first wet with 40.degree.
C. tap water and then 5.0 ml of sodium lauryl sulfate solution was
applied along the tress length. The tress was kneaded for 30
second. The tress was then rinsed under 40.degree. C. running water
for 30 seconds followed by rinsing with room temperature tap water
for 30 seconds. The tress was then dried overnight. Next day, the
tress was rewet with 40.degree. C. tap water. Next, 0.5 grams of
test solution per gram of hair was applied uniformly along the
length of hair. The tress was kneaded for 30 seconds and then was
rinsed under 40.degree. C. running water for 30 seconds. The test
solution was reapplied along the length of the tress and the tress
was kneaded for 30 seconds and then was rinsed under 40.degree. C.
running water for 30 seconds. The tress was rinsed with room
temperature tap water for 30 seconds. The tress was combed
immediately eight times to calculate the average amount of combing
energy in gram force-mm/gram of hair (gf-mm/g) required to comb the
hair. The tress was stored overnight at about 50% relative humidity
and about 23.degree. C. Next day, the tress was first combed with
fine teeth rubber comb to free-up hair stuck together. Again, hair
tress was combed eight times to determine average force required to
comb one gram of dry hair. The higher the number, the poorer the
conditioning effect of the polymer being tested. Two tresses were
used per conditioning formulation. Combing data below are average
of two tresses.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2 Wet Dry Example Polymer Comparative Combing
Combing # Polymer Type Polymer Lot# (gf-mm/g) (gf-mm/g) 17 --
Polymer-free 5267 318 Control 18 Cationic N-HANCE .RTM. 3269 1553
497 19 Cationic AQUACAT .RTM. CG518 1123 185 20 Cationic N-HANCE
.RTM. 3196 1830 659 21 Nonionic NATROSOL .RTM. 2811 314 250HHR 22
Cationic UCARE .TM. LR400 607 515 23 Cationic UCARE .TM. JR30M 759
334 24 Hydrophobic NEXTON .RTM. 3082R 5631 410 25 Hydrophobic
NEXTON J20R 5774 434 26 Hydrophobic NATROSOL .RTM. Plus 2059 333
330 27 Hydrophobic POLYSURF .RTM. 67 2451 451 28 AQU Hydrophobic
1798 463 D3930 Ingredient List FOR TABLE 2: (1) NATROSOL .RTM.
250HHR: Hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE
(2) NEXTON .RTM. 3082R: C4 hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl
cellulose from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (3) NEXTON .RTM.
J20R, C4hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from
Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (4) POLYSURF .RTM. 67: NT4C3594, C16
hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc.
(5) NATROSOL .RTM. Plus 330: NT43669, C16 hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc. (6) UCARE .TM. LR400:
Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI (7) UCARE .TM. JR30M:
Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI (8) N-HANCE .RTM.
3269: cationic guar cationic DS 0.13, Weight average Molecular
weight 500,000 from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (9) N-HANCE
.RTM. 3196: cationic guar cationic DS 0.13, Weight average
Molecular weight 1.2 MM from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (10)
AQUACAT .RTM. CG 518: cationic guar, cationic DS 0.18, Weight
average Molecular weight 50,000 from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE
(11) AQU D3930: Polymer of this invention, C16 hydrophobically
modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc. 0.62 wt %
cetyl, hydroxyethyl molar substitution (HEMS) 4.0 (12) KATHON .TM.
CG: Preservative from Rohm & Haas
Examples 29-39
[0097] A skin lotion was prepared containing the polymer of the
presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) (Example
33) and compared with a polymer-free skin lotion (Example 30), skin
lotions containing hydrophobic polymers which did not undergo
syneresis (Examples 32, 36, 40) and with skin lotions containing
commercial nonionic and cationic polymers. The skin lotion
containing the polymer of the invention showed increased viscosity
and structure as compared with the polymer-free control formulation
in Example 30. Example 33 was more stable than the formulations
containing cationic polymer. Compared with the commercial
hydrophobic polymers, the polymer of the invention appeared
slightly grainy, suggesting that this polymer could be used at a
lower concentration than commercial hydrophobic polymers.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 3 Fully Formulated Skin Lotion - Single
Polymer Ingredient Weight % Active A. Polymer 0.50 Distilled water
78.00 Glycerin 2.00 B. Glycol stearate (KESSCO .RTM. EGMS) 2.75
Stearic acid (INDUSTRENE .RTM. 5016) 2.50 Mineral oil (DRAKEOL
.RTM. 7) 2.00 Acetylated lanolin (LIPOLAN .RTM. 98) 0.50 Cetyl
alcohol (CRODACOL .RTM. C95) 0.25 C. Distilled water 10.00
Triethanolamine 0.50 D. Propylene glycol and diazolidinyl 0.75 urea
and methylparaben and propylparaben (GERMABEN .RTM. II) Total:
100.00
Procedure:
[0098] The polymer listed in Table 3 was dispersed in water by
adding to the vortex of well-agitated from Part A. It was mixed for
five minutes. Next, glycerin was added with continued mixing and
heated to 80.degree. C. Mixed 15 minutes at 80.degree. C. In a
separate vessel, blended Part B ingredients and heated to
80.degree. C. and mixed well.
[0099] Part A was added to Part B with good agitation while
maintaining an emulsion temperature at 80.degree. C. Part C
ingredients were mixed together in a vessel and added to the
emulsion of Parts A and B. The new mixture was mixed continuously
while cooling to 40.degree. C. Then, the pH was adjusted between
6.0 to 6.5. Then Part D, a preservative, was added to the emulsion
and mixed well. The new emulsion was then cooled and filled.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 4 Commercial Lotion Viscosity Example# Polymer
Polymer Type Polymer at 5 rpm pH Comments 30 -- Control -Polymer-
6,800 6.3 Fluid Free 31 hydrophobic NATROSOL .RTM.Plus 330 124,000
6.2 Smooth, glossy, cream 32 cationic N-HANCE .RTM. 3215 Phase
separation 33 AQU D3930 hydrophobic 164,000 6.4 Stable, grainy,
Highly structured 34 cationic UCARE .TM. LR400 28,000 6.2 Curdled
appearance. No separation 35 cationic UCARE .TM. JR30M 19,200 6.1
Curdled appearance. No separation 36 hydrophobic POLYSURF .RTM. 67
165,000 6.4 Stable, glossy, Highly structured 37 nonionic NATROSOL
.RTM. 250M 5,600 6.3 Fluid, Glossy 38 nonionic NATROSOL .RTM. 250LR
4,400 6.6 Fluid, Glossy 39 hydrophobic AQU D3673A 10,800 6.5 Fluid,
Glossy 40 hydrophobic NEXTON .RTM. 3082R Ingredient List FOR TABLE
4: (1) KESSCO .RTM. EGMS: Stepan Company, Northfield, IL (2)
INUSTRENE .RTM. 5016: Crompton Corp., Middlebury, CT (3) DRAKEOL
.RTM. 7: Penreco, Pennzoil Products Company, Karn City, PA (4)
LIPOLAN .RTM. 98: Lipo Chemicals., Inc., Paterson, NJ (5) CRODACOL
.RTM. C95: Croda Inc., Parsippany, NJ (6) GERMABEN .RTM. II:
preservative from ISP, Wayne, NJ (7) NATROSOL .RTM. Plus 330: C16
Hydrophobically modified Hydroxyethyl cellulose Hercules, Inc.,
Wilmington, DE (8) N-HANCE .RTM. 3215 : Cationic guar, Hercules,
Inc., Wilmington, DE (9) AQU D3930: Polymer of this invention, C16
hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules,
Inc., 0.62 wt % cetyl, hydroxyethyl molar substitution (HEMS) 4.0
(10) UCARE .TM. LR400: Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI
(11) UCARE .TM. JR30M: Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI
(12) POLYSURF .RTM. 67: NT4C3594, hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc. (13) NATROSOL .RTM.
250LR: lot#28667, Hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc.,
Wilmington, DE (14) NATROSOL .RTM. 250M: Hydroxyethyl cellulose
from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (15) NEXTON .RTM. 3082RC4:
Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules,
Inc., Wilmington, DE (16) NATROSOL .RTM. 250HHR CS: Hydroxyethyl
cellulose from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (17) AQU D3673: C8
hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules,
Inc.
Examples 41-51
[0100] A body wash formulation was prepared using the polymer of
the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s)
(Example 43) with a polymer-free control (Example 41) and with
formulations containing commercial nonionic, hydrophobic, and
cationic polymers. The polymer of the presently disclosed and/or
claimed inventive concept(s) (Example 43) showed better
compatibility with the body wash components than the nonionic
commercial polymers (Examples 48 and 50). The commercial
hydrophobic polymers conveyed an applesauce texture to the
formulation as did the polymer of the presently disclosed and/or
claimed inventive concept(s). This result suggests that these
polymers could be used at a lower concentration in this
formulation.
Body Wash Table 5
[0101] Body Wash Preparation:
[0102] An aqueous stock solution of each polymer was first prepared
at 1.0% concentration. For polymers: N-HANCE.RTM. 3215, ADPP6503,
AQU D3799, and AQU D3939 solutions were made by adding polymer to
water under vigorous agitation. Next, the pH was lowered to between
6 to 7 with citric acid and the solution was mixed for an hour or
until the polymer solubilized. The solutions were preserved with
0.5% Glydant.RTM. product. For the polymers ADPP6531, ADPP5922, AQU
D3869, AQU D3673, ADPP6582 ADPP6626, POLYSURF.RTM. 67,
NATROSOL.RTM. plus 330, NATROSOL.RTM. 250HHR, NATROSOL.RTM. 250M,
UCARE.TM. JR30M, UCARE.TM. JR400, AQU D3686 ADPP6641, the polymers
were added to well agitated water and then the pH was raised to 8.5
to 9.5 using sodium hydroxide. The solution was mixed for an hour
and then the pH was lowered to between 6 to 7 using citric
acid.
[0103] Body wash stock solution was prepared by adding to vessel
46.4 grams of sodium laureth sulfate, 27.0 grams of sodium lauryl
sulfate, 6.7 grams of C.sub.9-C.sub.15 alkyl phosphate, 4.0 grams
of PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide, 1.0 gram of sodium chloride, 0.30
gram of tetra sodium EDTA, and 0.5 gram of DMDM hydantoin in the
order listed while mixing. Each ingredient was allowed to mix
homogeneously before adding the next ingredient. The total stock
solution weighed 85.9 grams.
[0104] Body wash was prepared by adding 20 grams of polymer (listed
in Table 4) solution to 80 grams of the above body wash stock
solution while mixing. Next, the body wash pH was adjusted to
between 6 and 7 with citric acid. The body wash viscosity was
measured using the Brookfield LVT viscometer. The viscosity was
measured at 30 rpm once the body wash conditioned for at least two
hours at 25.degree. C. The body wash clarity was also measured at
600 nm using a Spectrophotometer, Cary 5E UV-VIS-NIR, available
from Varian Instruments, Inc. The clarity measurements at 600 nm
wavelength are reported as % T value. The higher the number, the
clearer is the solution.
Lather Drainage Test:
[0105] Objective of this test is to measure the lather drainage
time of a diluted body wash solution. Long drainage times indicate
a rich, dense lather with good stability. The test was used to
determine the influence that the polymers of this invention may
have on lather quality. The relevant equipment: a WARING.RTM.
Blender Model #7012 or 34BL97 or equivalent; a funnel, preferably
plastic; 6'' diameter, 7/8'' ID neck, 51/4'' high, with a
horizontal wire 2'' from the top; a U.S.A. Standard Testing Sieve
NO.20 or TYLER.RTM. Equivalent 20 mesh or 850 micrometer or 0.0331
inch sieve (preferably over 7 inch in diameter but smaller size
could also be used); and a stopwatch or a timer. For each test
formulation, 1,000 g of a diluted body wash solution was prepared
as shown below.
TABLE-US-00008 Body wash 66.13 g Deionized Water 933.87 g Total
1,000.00 g
[0106] For each lather test measurement, 200 grams of above diluted
solution was weighed and placed in a 25.degree. C. water-bath for 2
hours. Three jars (each with 200 grams of solution) were prepared
per body wash formulation. Next, the lather drainage time for each
solution was measured using the following procedure: 200 g of
solution was poured into a clean, dry Waring.RTM. blender glass
vessel; the solution was blended at the highest speed for exactly 1
minute while covered; the foam generated in the jar was immediately
poured into a clean, dry funnel standing on a 20 mesh screen over a
beaker and the foam from the blender was poured for exactly 15
seconds (the goal was to get as much foam as possible into the
funnel without overflowing); after 15 seconds, stopped pouring
foam, however, the stopwatch was kept running; and, the total time
needed for the foam to drain including the seconds for pour time
was recorded once the wire was no longer covered by foam or
liquid.
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 5 Lather Polymer Commercial Visc. Stability T
Example # Polymer Type Polymer Cps Seconds (%) Comments 41 --
Control -Polymer- 3680 54 99.4 Free 42 Cationic N-HANCE .RTM. 3215
6100 98.7 85.9 43 AQU Hydrophobic 3960 57.3 25.2 Applesauce like
structure, D3930 separation 44 Cationic UCARE .TM. JR400 6420 52.7
78.8 45 Cationic UCARE .TM. JR30M 19120 57.5 98.5 46 Hydrophobic
NATROSOL .RTM.Plus 4080 64.3 21.6 Applesauce like structure 330 47
Hydrophobic POLYSURF67 4080 52.3 14.2 Applesauce like structure 48
Nonionic NATROSOL .RTM. 250M 4540 Not Run 32.4 Gels - Incompatible
49 Hydrophobic NEXTON .RTM. 3082R 4420 53.3 50 Nonionic NATROSOL
.RTM. 4680 Not run 52.1 Gels - Incompatible 250HHR CS 51
Hydrophobic AQU D3673A 3560 60 95.5 Ingredient List for TABLE 5:
(1) Sodium Lauryl Sulfate -STEPANOL .RTM. WAC, Stepan Company,
Northfield, IL 60093. (2) Sodium Laureth Sulfate- RHODAPEX .RTM.
ES-2, Rhodia, Cranbury, NJ 08512 (3) Cocamidopropyl Betaine -
AMPHOSOL .RTM. CA, Stepan Company, Northfield, IL 60093. (4) PPG-2
Hydroxyethyl Cocamide - PROMIDIUM .RTM. CO, Uniqema, Newcastle, DE
(5) Tetra Sodium EDTA-Fisher Scientific. (7) DMDM Hydantoin,
GLYDANT .RTM., Lonza Inc., Fair Lawn, NJ, USA (8) Sodium Chloride
from Baker. (9) NATROSOL .RTM. Plus 330 -NT3J3314, C16
Hydrophobically modified Hydroxyethyl cellulose Hercules Inc.,
Wilmington, DE (10) N-HANCE 3215: J4013A, Cationic guar, Hercules,
Inc., Wilmington, DE (11) AQU D3930: Polymer of this invention, C16
hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules,
Inc., 0.62 wt % cetyl, hydroxyethyl molar substitution (HEMS) 4.0
(12) UCARE .TM. JR400: Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, Ml
(13) UCARE .TM. JR30M: Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, Ml
(14) POLYSURF .RTM. 67: NT4C3594, hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc. (15) NATROSOL .RTM.
250M: Hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE
(16) NEXTON .RTM. 3082R: Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl
cellulose from Hercules, Inc.,Wilmington, DE (17) NATROSOL .RTM.
250HHR CS, Hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington,
DE (18) AQU D3673: C8 Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl
cellulose from Hercules, Inc.
Examples 52-62
[0107] The polymer of the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s) was incorporated into a sunscreen formulation
(Example 54). The formulation was stable.
Sunscreen Lotion--Table 6
[0108] The Drakeol mineral oil was heated in a vessel to 75.degree.
C. while mixing. Next, the remaining ingredients of Part A (Arlmol
E, Neo Heliopan A V, Uvinol M40, Castor wax, Crill-6, Arlatone T,
Ozokerite wax and Dehymuls HRE7) were added to the vessel in the
order listed while mixing. The mixture was mixed for 30 minutes at
70.degree. C. In a separate container water of Part B was heated to
70.degree. C. Next, the polymer of invention or comparative polymer
(listed in Table 5) was added and mixed until dissolved and then
Glycerine was added and mixed. In a separate container, a solution
of magnesium sulfate was prepared by adding magnesium sulfate to
water. Next, the solution of magnesium sulfate was added to Part B
and mixed until heated back to 70.degree. C. This mixture was then
added to Part A while mixing and then mixed for 30 minutes at
70.degree. C. and then cooled to room temperature while mixing.
Preservative Germaben II was added when temperature reached below
50.degree. C.
TABLE-US-00010 Ingredient Amount Part A: DRAKEOL .RTM. 7: Mineral
oil 13.0 g ARLAMOL .TM. E: PPG-15 Stearyl ether 6.0 g NEO HELIOPAN
.RTM. AV: Octyl methoxcinnamate 1.0 g UVINOL .RTM. M40:
Benzophenone-3 1.0 g Castor Wax: Hydrogenated castor oil 1.4 g
CRILL .TM. 6: Sorbitan iostearate 1.2 g ARLATONE .RTM. T: PPG-40
Sorbitan Peroleate 1.0 g Ozokerite Wax 77W: Wax 1.0 g DEHYMULS
.RTM. HRE7: PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil 0.5 g Part B: Deionized
water 40.5 g Polymer 0.5 g Glycerine 3.0 g Part C: Deionized water
23.1 g Magnesium Sulfate 0.7 g Part D: Germaben .RTM. II -
Preservative 0.5 g
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 6 Poly- Exam- Poly- mer Commercial Visc. ple #
mer Type Polymer cps Comments 52 Control - Polymer- 4400 Free 53
N-HANCE .RTM. 3215 2440 54 AQU 6060 D3930 55 UCARE .TM. JR400 8120
56 UCARE .TM. JR30M 3516 57 NATROSOL .RTM. Plus 330 5880 58
POLYSURF .RTM. 67 5260 59 NATROSOL .RTM. 250M 3540 60 NEXTON .RTM.
3082R 5700 61 NATROSOL .RTM. 2500 250HHR CS 62 AQU D3673A Phase
separation Ingredient List for TABLE 6: (1) DRAKEOL .RTM. 7:
Mineral oil, Penereco, Karn City, PA. (2) ARLAMOL .TM. E: OOG-15
Stearyl ether Uniqema Americas, New Castle, DE (3) NEO HELIOPAN
.RTM. AV: Octyl methoxcinnamate, Symrise, Totowa, NJ (4) UVINOL
.RTM. M40: Benzophenone-3, BASF, Mount Olive, NJ (5) Castor Wax:
Hydrogenated castor oil, Frank B. Ross (7) CRILL .TM. 6: Sorbitan
iostearate, Croda, Inc., Parsippany, NJ (8) ARLATONE .RTM. T:
PPG-40 Sorbitan Peroleate, Uniqema Americas, New Castle, DE (9)
Ozokerite Wax 77W: Wax, Frank B. Ross (10) DEHYMULS .RTM. HRE7:
PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil, Cognis, Amber, PA (11) Magnesium
sulfate - J. T. Baker, Phillpsburg, NJ (12) Glycerine: Spectrum
Bulk Chemicals, New Brunswick, NJ (13) Germaben .RTM. II -
Preservative, Cognis, Amber, PA (14) NATROSOL .RTM. Plus 330 -
NT3J3314, C16 Hydrophobically modified Hydroxyethyl cellulose
Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (15) N-HANCE .RTM. 3215 - J4013A,
Cationic guar, Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (16) AQU D3930:
Polymer of this invention, C16 hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc., 0.62 wt % cetyl,
hydroxyethyl molar substitution(HEMS) 4.0 (17) UCARE .TM. JR400:
Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI (18) UCARE .TM. JR30M:
Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI (19) POLYSURF .RTM.
67: NT4C3594, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from
Hercules, Inc. (20) NATROSOL .RTM. 250M: Hydroxyethyl cellulose
from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (21) NEXTON .RTM. 3082R:
Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules,
Inc., Wilmington, DE (22) NATROSOL .RTM. 250HHR CS, Hydroxyethyl
cellulose from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (23) AQU D3673:
11750-46, C8 Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from
Hercules, Inc.
Examples 63-73
[0109] The polymer of the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s) was incorporated into a roll-on antiperspirant
formulation which was stable (Example 65).
Roll-On Antiperspirant
Table 7
[0110] Antiperspirant Preparation:
[0111] An aqueous stock solution of each polymer was first prepared
at 1.0% concentration. For polymers (N-HANCE.RTM. 3215, ADPP6503,
AQU D3799, and AQU D3939), solutions were made by adding the
polymer to water under vigorous agitation. Next, the pH was lowered
to between 6 to 7 with citric acid and the solution was mixed for
an hour or until polymer solubilized. The solutions were preserved
with 0.5% Glydant.RTM. product. For the polymers ADPP6531,
ADPP5922, AQU D3869, AQU D3673, ADPP6582 ADPP6626, POLYSURF.RTM.
67, NATROSOL.RTM. plus 330, NATROSOL.RTM. 250HHR, NATROSOL.RTM.
250M, UCARE.TM. JR30M, UCARE.TM. JR400, AQU D3686 ADPP6641, the
polymer was added to intensely agitated water and then the pH was
raised to between 8.5 to 9.5 using sodium hydroxide. The solution
was mixed for an hour and then the pH was lowered to between 6 to 7
using citric acid.
[0112] A 150 gram batch of roll-on antiperspirant was made using
the procedure: 15.0 g of a polymer from the list in Table 6 was
added to stock solution in an 8-oz. glass jar and mixed with a
magnetic plate and stirrer; next, 22.5 g of deionized water was
added to the glass jar and mixing continued for about 30 minutes.
While mixing, 45.0 g of ethanol was added and the mixing continued
for an additional 10 minutes; and then, 67.5 g of the
antiperspirant active Summit ACH303 was added and the mixing
continued for 30 more minutes.
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 7 Polymer Exam- of Inven- Visc. ple # tion
Commercial Polymer cps Comments 63 Control - Polymer- Clear,
water-white Free 64 N-HANCE .RTM. 3215 Very hazy, gels through-out
65 AQU D3930 66 UCARE .TM. JR400 67 UCARE .TM. JR30M 68 NATROSOL
.RTM. Plus Clear, water-white, 330 fine particles throughout 69
POLYSURF .RTM. 67 Clear, trace haze, fine particles throughout 70
NATROSOL .RTM. 250M Clear, water-white, fine particles throughout
71 NEXTON .RTM. 3082R 72 NATROSOL .RTM. Clear, water-white, 250HHR
CS fine particles throughout 73 AQU D3673A Ingredient List for
TABLE 7: (1) Ethanol: Dehydrated ethanol; Spectrum Chemicals MFG
Corp, Gardena, CA (2) SUMMIT ACH-303 - 50% aqueous solution of
Aluminum Chlorohydrate, Summit Research abs, 45 River Road,
Flemington, NJ (3) NATROSOL .RTM. Plus 330 - NT3J3314, C16
Hydrophobically modified Hydroxyethyl cellulose Hercules, Inc.,
Wilmington, DE (4) N-HANCE .RTM. 3215: J4013A, Cationic guar,
Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (5) AQU D3673: 11750-46; Polymer of
this invention, C8 Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose
from Hercules, Inc. (6) AQU D3930: Polymer of this invention, C16
Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules,
Inc., 0.62 wt % cetyl, hydroxyethyl molar substitution (HEMS) 4.0
(7) UCARE .TM. JR400: Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI
(8) UCARE .TM. JR30M: Cationic HEC from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI
(9) POLYSURF .RTM. 67: NT4C3594, Hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc. (10) NATROSOL .RTM.
250M: Hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE
(11) NEXTON .RTM. 3082R: Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl
cellulose from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, DE (12) NATROSOL .RTM.
250HHR CS, Hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc., Wilmington,
DE
Examples 74-81
[0113] The polymer of the presently disclosed and/or claimed
inventive concept(s) was incorporated into Colgate-Palmolive
SOFTSOAP.RTM. Body Wash (Colgate-Palmolive Co., NY, N.Y.). The
viscosity of the body wash increased (Example 77), and the clarity
of the body wash was significantly better than for other commercial
hydrophobic cellulose ethers or nonionic cellulose ethers (Examples
78-81).
[0114] The body wash was prepared by weighing 80 g commercial
product into 4 oz. wide mouth glass jars, adding 20 g of a 1%
polymer solution, capping and taping lid of jars with electrical
tape, shaking the jars by hand to initially mix polymer, placing
and securing the jars on tumbler using tape across jars and around
jars on ends to prevent the jars from tumbling over the edge,
tumbling the jars for 1.5 hours after which the jars were removed
and tempered in a 25.degree. C. bath overnight, and removing the
jars from the bath the next day for observation and recordation of
solution clarity, polymer solubility, and measuring the % T at 600
nm for the 24 hour samples. The samples were then stored at ambient
conditions for two weeks after which the jars were again tempered
in the bath overnight and observations and recordation of pH,
viscosity, and % T were undertaken the next day.
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 8 Examples Soft Soap - 0.2% Active Initial (24
Hours) 2 Weeks at Room Temp. Ex- Solu- Solu- am- Vis- Spindle tion
Vis- Spindle tion Polymer ple cosity #, Clar- cosity #, Clar- Solu-
# Designation Source Composition pH (cps) Rpm % T ity pH (cps) Rpm
% T ity bility 74 Control - 100 g of SOFTSOAP .RTM. - no water 7.19
5060.0 #4, 30 97.7 Clear 7.21 4600.0 #4, 30 97.5 Clear or polymer
added 75 Control - 80 g of SOFTSOAP .RTM. + 20 g of 7.20 175.0 #2,
30 97.1 Clear 7.23 173.0 #2, 30 97.1 Clear water added 76 AQU D3673
Experi- C.sub.8HMHEC 7.14 337.0 #2, 30 97.5 Clear 7.20 331.0 #2, 30
96.8 Clear Soluble mental 77 AQU D3930 Polymer of C.sub.16HMHEC
7.17 1628.0 #3, 30 87.4 Very 7.21 1736.0 #3, 30 87.5 Very Soluble
invention slight slight hazy hazy 78 POLYSURF .RTM. Commercial
C.sub.16HMHEC 7.04 1332.0 #3, 30 32.5 Very 7.17 1380.0 #3, 30 40.4
Very Soluble 67 hazy hazy 79 NATROSOL .RTM. Commercial
C.sub.16HMHEC 7.09 783.0 #2, 30 80.2 Hazy 7.15 774.0 #2, 30 81.2
Hazy Soluble Plus 330 80 NATROSOL .RTM. Commercial HEC 7.11 249.0
#2, 30 63.5 Hazy 7.17 282.0 #2, 30 74.1 Hazy Polymer 250HHR CS
(polymer gel settled on layer on bottom; bottom shaken before % T
taken) 81 NATROSOL .RTM. Commercial HEC 7.11 236.0 #2, 30 14.6 Hazy
7.18 282.0 #2, 30 46.6 Hazy Polymer 250M (polymer gel settled on
layer on bottom; bottom shaken before % T taken)
Examples 82-89
[0115] Incorporation of the polymer of the presently disclosed
and/or claimed inventive concept(s) into LYSOL.RTM. All Purpose
Cleaner (Reckitt Benckiser LLC, Parsippany, N.J.), increased the
product viscosity relative to the control product containing no
polymer (Compare Example 85 with 82 in Table 9). The polymer of the
presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) was slow to
dissolve in the Lysol base, but this could be improved with
formulation optimization.
[0116] The cleaner was prepared by weighing 80 g commercial product
into 4 oz. wide mouth glass jars, adding 20 g of a 1% polymer
solution to the jars, capping and taping lids of jars with
electrical tape, shaking the jars by hand to initially mix polymer,
placing and securing the jars on tumbler using tape across jars and
around jars on ends to prevent the jars from tumbling over the
edge, tumbling the jars for 1.5 hours after which the jars were
removed and tempered in a 25.degree. C. bath overnight, and
removing the jars from the bath the next day for observation and
recordation of solution clarity, polymer solubility, and measuring
the % T at 600 nm for the 24 hour samples. The samples were then
stored at ambient conditions for two weeks after which the jars
were again tempered in the bath overnight and observations and
recordation of pH, viscosity, and % T were undertaken the next
day.
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 9 Examples LYSOL .RTM. All Purpose - 0.2%
Active Initial (24 Hours) 2 Weeks at Room Temp. Ex- Solu- Solu- am-
Vis- Spindle tion Polymer Vis- Spindle tion Polymer ple cosity #,
Clar- Solu- cosity #, Clar- Solu- # Designation Source Composition
pH (cps) Rpm % T ity bility pH (cps) Rpm % T ity bility 82 Control
- 100 g of LYSOL .RTM. - no water or 8.78 4.1 #1, 60 99.4 Clear
Control 8.79 3.50 #1, 60 99.3 Clear Control polymer added 83
Control - 80 g of LYSOL .RTM. + 20 g of 8.75 3.4 #1, 60 99.2 Clear
Control 8.79 3.20 #1, 60 99.2 Clear Control water added 84 AQU
D3673 Experi- C.sub.8HMHEC 8.57 4.2 #1, 60 99.6 Clear Soluble 8.68
4.40 #1, 60 99.7 Clear Soluble mental 85 AQU D3930 Polymer of
C.sub.16HMHEC 8.62 10.5 #1, 60 99.0 Clear Insolu- 8.64 11.30 #1, 60
98.5 Clear Soluble invention ble, un- dis- solved polymer 86
POLYSURF .RTM. Commercial C.sub.16HMHEC 8.51 10.1 #1, 60 98.4 Clear
Soluble 8.58 12.40 #1, 60 99.6 Clear Soluble 67 87 NATROSOL .RTM.
Commercial C.sub.16HMHEC 8.47 6.2 #1, 60 99.2 Clear Soluble 8.55
6.00 #1, 60 99.8 Clear Soluble Plus 330 88 NATROSOL .RTM.
Commercial HEC 8.55 21.5 #1, 60 99.0 Clear Soluble 8.62 19.10 #1,
60 99.9 Clear Soluble 250HHR CS 89 NATROSOL .RTM. Commercial HEC
8.49 9.7 #1, 60 99.6 Clear Soluble 8.55 11.10 #1, 60 99.9 Clear
Soluble 250M
Examples 90-97
[0117] Incorporation of the polymer of the presently disclosed
and/or claimed inventive concept(s) into Pine-sol.RTM. (The Clorox
Company, Oakland, Calif.) more than doubled the viscosity of the
product. (Compare viscosity for Example 93 with 90 in Table 10, for
example.)
[0118] The cleaner was prepared by weighing 80 g commercial product
into 4 oz. wide mouth glass jars, adding 20 g of a 1% polymer
solution to the jars, capping and taping lids of jars with
electrical tape, shaking the jars by hand to initially mix polymer,
placing and securing the jars on tumbler using tape across jars and
around jars on ends to prevent the jars from tumbling over the
edge, tumbling the jars for 1.5 hours after which the jars were
removed and tempered in a 25.degree. C. bath overnight, and
removing the jars from the bath the next day for observation and
recordation of solution clarity, polymer solubility, and measuring
the % T at 600 nm for the 24 hour samples. The samples were then
stored at ambient conditions for two weeks after which the jars
were again tempered in the bath overnight and observations and
recordation of pH, viscosity, and % T were undertaken the next
day.
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 10 Examples PINE-SOL .RTM. All Purpose - 0.2%
Active Initial (24 Hours) 2 Weeks at Room Temp. Ex- Solu- Solu- am-
Vis- Spindle tion Polymer Vis- Spindle tion Polymer ple cosity #,
Clar- solu- cosity #, Clar- Solu- # Designation Source Composition
pH (cps) Rpm % T ity bility pH (cps) Rpm % T ity bility 90 Control
- 100 g of PINE-SOL .RTM. - no water 10.1 43.0 #2, 30 42.6 Clear
Control 10.02 38.5 #2, 30 42.3 Clear Control or polymer added 91
Control - 80 g of PINE-SOL .RTM. + 20 g of 10.1 17.4 #1, 30 50.5
Clear Control 10.01 17.8 #1, 30 50.5 Clear Control water added 92
AQU D3673 Experimental C.sub.8HMHEC 9.93 30.0 #2, 30 50.2 Clear
Soluble 9.88 29.0 #2, 30 50.3 Clear Soluble 93 AQU D3930 Polymer of
C.sub.16HMHEC 9.87 84.0 #2, 30 49.3 Very Soluble 9.84 86.0 #2, 30
48.4 Very Soluble invention slight slight hazy hazy 94 POLYSURF
.RTM. Commercial C.sub.16HMHEC 9.85 78.0 #2, 30 49.5 Clear Soluble
9.83 80.0 #2, 30 49.9 Clear Soluble 67 95 NATROSOL .RTM. Commercial
C.sub.16HMHEC 9.85 40.0 #1, 30 49.2 Clear Soluble 9.81 52.0 #2, 30
49.8 Clear Soluble Plus 330 96 NATROSOL .RTM. Commercial HEC 9.86
143.0 #2, 30 49.9 Clear Soluble 9.85 136.0 #2, 30 50.3 Clear
Soluble 250HHR CS 97 NATROSOL .RTM. Commercial HEC 9.88 75.0 #2, 30
50.1 Clear Soluble 9.87 67.0 #2, 30 50.5 Clear Soluble 250M
Examples 98-105
[0119] Incorporation of the product of the invention into
Clorox.RTM. (The Clorox Company, Oakland, Calif.) (compare Example
101 with 98) increased the viscosity of the product to a greater
extent than any of the commercial hydrophobic or nonionic cellulose
ethers in Table 11.
[0120] The cleaner was prepared by weighing 80 g commercial product
into 4 oz. wide mouth glass jars, adding 20 g of a 1% polymer
solution to the jars, capping and taping lids of jars with
electrical tape, shaking the jars by hand to initially mix polymer,
placing and securing the jars on tumbler using tape across jars and
around jars on ends to prevent the jars from tumbling over the
edge, tumbling the jars for 1.5 hours after which the jars were
removed and tempered in a 25.degree. C. bath overnight, and
removing the jars from the bath the next day for observation and
recordation of solution clarity, polymer solubility, and measuring
the % T at 600 nm for the 24 hour samples. The samples were then
stored at ambient conditions for two weeks after which the jars
were again tempered in the bath overnight and observations and
recordation of pH, viscosity, and % T were undertaken the next
day.
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 11 Examples CLOROX .RTM. All Purpose - 0.2%
Active Initial (24 Hours) 2 Weeks at Room Temp. Ex- Solu- Solu- am-
Vis- Spindle tion Polymer Vis- Spindle tion Polymer ple cosity #,
Clar- solu- cosity #, Clar- Solu- # Designation Source Composition
pH (cps) Rpm % T ity bility pH (cps) Rpm % T ity bility 98 Control
- 100 g of CLOROL .RTM. - no water or 3.44 55.1 #1, 60 96.5 Clear
Control 3.48 48.4 #1, 60 96.6 Clear Control polymer added 99
Control - 80 g of CLOROX .RTM. + 20 g of 3.51 10.6 #1, 60 96.6
Clear Control 3.54 10.3 #1, 60 96.2 Clear Control water added 100
AQU D3673 Experimental C.sub.8HMHEC 3.75 28.8 #1, 60 95.6 Clear
Soluble 3.75 25.4 #1, 60 96.9 Clear Soluble 101 AQU D3930 Polymer
of C.sub.16HMHEC 3.54 96.2 #1, 30 95.8 Clear Soluble 3.57 122.6 #1,
30 95.5 Clear Soluble invention 102 POLYSURF .RTM. Commercial
C.sub.16HMHEC 3.61 81.2 #1, 60 94.9 Clear Soluble 3.50 87.7 #1, 60
96.5 Clear Soluble 67 103 NATROSOL .RTM. Commercial C.sub.16HMHEC
3.63 31.9 #1, 60 94.5 Clear Soluble 3.53 32.7 #1, 60 95.4 Clear
Soluble Plus 330 104 NATROSOL .RTM. Commercial HEC 3.55 79.6 #1, 60
95.2 Clear Soluble 3.48 69.2 #1, 60 96.3 Clear Soluble 250HHR CS
105 NATROSOL .RTM. Commercial HEC 3.56 34.1 #1, 60 95.7 Clear
Soluble 3.53 30.3 #1, 60 96.4 Clear Soluble 250M
Effect of Multi-Tail and/or Sulfate-Free Surfactants on the
Conditioning Properties of Nonionic Hydrophobically Modified
Polysaccharide Compositions
[0121] Examples 106-122 were prepared to illustrate the benefits of
multi-tail surfactants and/or sulfate-free surfactants on the
conditioning properties of compositions (e.g., shampoos) wherein
the polymer therein is a nonionic hydrophobically modified
polysaccharide. Examples 123-126 were prepared to illustrate the
added benefit of sodium chloride on the conditioning performance of
compositions (e.g., shampoos) containing sulfate-free surfactants
alone or in combination with multi-tail surfactants, wherein the
polymer in the conditioning composition is a nonionic
hydrophobically modified polysaccharide. Examples 127-133 were
prepared to illustrate the benefits of multi-tail surfactants on
the conditioning properties of compositions (e.g. shampoos) wherein
the concentration of hydrophobically modified polysaccharide varies
from 0.3 weight percent to 1 weight percent.
[0122] A typical test method for measuring the conditioning
performance of shampoo and conditioner applications consists of
measuring the combability of wet hair that has been treated with a
shampoo and/or conditioner. For Examples 106-125, the following Wet
Comb Performance Measurement Test was used.
1. Wet Comb Performance Measurement Test
[0123] Performance was measured at a constant temperature and
humidity (23.degree. C. and 50% relative humidity). Equipment used
was a Stable Micro Systems Texture Analyzer Xt2i. Each tress
(standard 3.0 g and 26 cm long) was washed first with Sodium
Laureth Sulfate (SLES) using the standard washing/rinsing
procedure. Three tresses were used for each example: Each tress was
shampooed with the agreed upon shampoo amount (0.3 g shampoo per 1
gram tress); after rinsing, the tress was loaded in the Texture
Analyzer without any pre-combing; the Texture Analyzer was run
under standard conditions through 200 mm distance from the upper
part to the tip of the hair tress; a total of 5 tests were run on
each tress; and the average wet comb energy was reported.
Examples 106-116
[0124] Examples 106-116 illustrate that multi-tail surfactants
significantly improve the conditioning properties of nonionic
hydrophobically modified polysaccharide compositions such that they
provide similar or better conditioning benefits than compositions
containing cationic polymers and/or silicones and/or emollients.
Examples 106-109 are comparative examples. Examples 110-116
correspond to experimental samples, i.e., shampoo formulations,
containing both a nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharide
and at least one multi-tail surfactant.
Examples 106-107
Comparative
[0125] Examples 106 and 107 are comparative examples corresponding
to two commercial shampoos in the marketplace. Example 106
corresponds to GARNIER.RTM. FRUCTIS.RTM. Nutri Repair shampoo
(L'Oreal, Paris, FR) and Example 107 corresponds to DOVE.RTM.
Damage Therapy Intensive Repair shampoo (Unilever, Englewood
Cliffs, N.J.).
Example 108
Comparative
[0126] Example 108 is a comparative shampoo formulation containing
the cationic polymer Polyquaternium-10, commercially sold by Dow as
UCARE.TM. JR 400. An .about.100 g sample consists of:
TABLE-US-00017 73.42 g Deionized Water 0.50 g Polyquaternium-10
(UCARE .TM. JR400) 17.34 g Sodium Laureth Sulfate (TEXAPON .RTM.
N702 - 67.2% active) 6.74 g Cocamidopropyl Betain (TEGOBETAIN .RTM.
L7 - 29.68% active) 0.50 g Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin
(EUXYL .RTM. PE9010 - Schulke & Mayr) As required Citric Acid
to Adjust pH 1.50 g Sodium Chloride (99.5%, Aldrich)
Example 109
Comparative
[0127] Example 109 is also a comparative shampoo formulation
comprised of the same ingredients as the formulation presented in
Example 108 except that the cationic polymer, Polyquaternium-10, is
replaced with the nonionic HMHCE polymer of the presently disclosed
and/or claimed inventive concept(s), AQU D3930, at a 0.7 weight
percent concentration. The amount of deionized water was adjusted
to account for the increased concentration of polymer in the
sample.
Examples 110-112
[0128] Examples 110-112 are experimental formulations containing
both nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharides and
multi-tail surfactants. A .about.100 g sample of the formulations
consists of:
TABLE-US-00018 Quantum Satis (q.s.) Deionized Water 0.70 g Polymer
of this invention or commercial polymer 11.56 g Sodium Laureth
Sulfate (TEXAPON .RTM. N702 - 69.2% active) 6.74 g Cocamidopropyl
Betain (TEGOBETAIN .RTM. L7 - 29.68% active) 3.0 g Multi-tail
Surfactant(s) 0.50 g Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin (EUXYL
.RTM. PE9010 - Schulke & Mayr) As required Citric Acid or
Sodium Hydroxide to adjust pH 0.10-1.50 g Sodium Chloride (99.5%,
Aldrich)
Examples 113-116
[0129] Examples 113-116 have the same basic experimental
formulations as Examples 110-112, however, the concentration of
multi-tail surfactant has been lowered to 2.5 weight percent. A
.about.100 g sample of the formulations consists of:
TABLE-US-00019 Quantum Satis (q.s.) Deionized Water 0.70 g Polymer
of this invention or commercial polymer 11.56 g Sodium Laureth
Sulfate (TEXAPON .RTM. N702 - 69.2% active) 6.74 g Cocamidopropyl
Betain (TEGOBETAIN .RTM. L7 - 29.68% active) 2.5 g Multi-tail
Surfactant(s) 0.50 g Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin (EUXYL
.RTM. PE9010 - Schulke & Mayr) As required Citric Acid or
Sodium Hydroxide to adjust pH 0.10-1.50 g Sodium Chloride (99.5%,
Aldrich)
Wet Comb Performance Measurements on Highly Bleached Caucasian
Virgin Brown Hair Treated with Compositions Containing Multi-Tail
Surfactants--Table 12
[0130] The above-described wet comb performance test was performed
on highly bleached Caucasian virgin brown hair for Examples
106-112. Prior to testing, Caucasian virgin brown hair was damaged
by bleaching the hair for approximately 2.5 hours. The formulations
and commercial shampoos corresponding to Examples 106-112 were
added to individual tresses in amounts of 0.3 grams per gram of
tress and then rinsed. After rinsing, the wet comb performance
measurements were taken with a total of five tests run per tress.
The results presented in Table 12 demonstrate that multi-tail
surfactants significantly enhance the conditioning properties of
compositions containing nonionic hydrophobically modified
polysaccharide polymers.
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 12 Type of Wet Multi-tail Multi- comb- Ex-
Polymer Surfactant tail ing am- (concen- Polymer (concen- Surfac-
(gf- ple # tration) Type tration) tant mm/g) 106 GARNIER FRUCTIS
.RTM. None -- 420778 Nutri Repair 107 DOVE .RTM. Damage None --
406384 Therapy Intensive Repair 108 UCARE .TM. Cationic None --
378652 JR400 (0.5 wt %) 109 AQU D3930 Nonionic None -- 416705 (0.7
wt %) 110 AQU D3930 Nonionic STEPANQUAT .RTM. Cationic 239659 (0.7
wt %) GA-90 (3 wt %) 111 AQU D3930 Nonionic ARQUAT .RTM. Cationic
214502 (0.7 wt %) 2C-75 (3 wt %) 112 AQU D3930 Nonionic AEROSOL
.RTM. Anionic 245759 (0.7 wt %) OT (3 wt %) Description of
Ingredients Listed in Table 12: (1) GARNIER FRUCTIS .RTM. Nutri
Repair: Commercial shampoo, L'Oreal, Paris, FR. (2) DOVE .RTM.
Damage Therapy Intensive Repair: Commercial shampoo, Unilever,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ. (3) UCARE .TM. JR400: Cationic HEC,
Polyquaternium-10, from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI. (4) AQU D3930:
Polymer of this invention, C16 hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc. 1.1 wt % cetyl,
hydroxyethyl molar substitution (HEMS) 4.0. (5) STEPANQUAT .RTM.
GA-90: Cationic multi-tail surfactant, Dipalmitoylethyl
hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate, from Stepan Compan, Northfield,
Illinois. (6) ARQUAT .RTM. 2C-75: Cationic multi-tail surfactant,
dicoco dimethylammonium chloride, from Akzo-Nobel. (7) AEROSOL
.RTM. OT: Anionic multi-tail surfactant, sodium dioctyl
sulphosuccinate, from Cytec Industries Inc., West Paterson, NJ.
Wet Comb Performance Measurements on Mildly Bleached Chinese Hair
With Compositions Containing Multi-Tail Surfactants--Table 13
[0131] The above-described wet comb performance test was also
performed on mildly bleached Chinese hair for Examples 114-116 and
Comparative Examples 108-109. Prior to testing, the Chinese hair
was damaged by bleaching the hair for approximately 1 hour. The
shampoo formulations for Examples 108-109 and 114-116 were added to
individual tresses in amounts of 0.3 grams per gram of tress and
then rinsed. After rinsing, the wet comb performance measurements
were taken with a total of five tests run per tress. The results
presented in Table 13 also indicate a significant improvement in
conditioning properties due to the addition of multi-tail
surfactants.
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 13 Type of Wet Multi-tail Multi- Comb- Ex-
Polymer Surfactant tail ing am- (Concen- Polymer (Concen- Surfac-
(gf- ple # tration) Type tration) tant mm/g) 108 UCARE .TM.
Cationic None -- 380171 JR 400 (0.5 wt %) 109 AQU D3930 Nonionic
None -- 180487 (0.7 wt %) 113 AQU D3930 Nonionic STEPANTEX .RTM.
Cationic 62081 (0.7 wt %) DC 90 (2.5 wt %) 114 AQU D3930 Nonionic
STEPANQUAT .RTM. Cationic 54229 (0.7 wt %) GA-90 (2.5 wt %) 115 AQU
D3930 Nonionic ARQUAT .RTM. Cationic 44974 (0.7 wt %) 2C-75 (2.5 wt
%) 116 AQU D3930 Nonionic AEROSOL .RTM. Anionic 46395 (0.7 wt %) OT
(2.5 wt %) Description of Ingredients Listed in Table 13: (1) UCARE
.TM. JR400: Cationic HEC, Polyquaternium-10, from Dow Chemicals,
Midland, MI. (2) AQU D3930: Polymer of this invention, C16
hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules,
Inc., 1.1 wt % cetyl, hydroxyethyl molar substitution (HEMS) 4.0.
(3) STEPANTEX .RTM. DC 90: Cationic multi-tail surfactant, dialkyl
ammonium methosulfate, from Stepan Company, Northfield, IL. (4)
STEPANQUAT .RTM. GA-90: Cationic multi-tail surfactant,
Dipalmitoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate, from Stepan
Company, Northfield, IL. (5) ARQUAT .RTM. 2C-75: Cationic
multi-tail surfactant, dicoco dimethylammonium chloride, from
Akzo-Nobel. (6) AEROSOL .RTM. OT: Anionic multi-tail surfactant,
sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate, from Cytec Industries Inc., West
Paterson, NJ.
Wet Comb Performance Measurements on Highly Bleached Caucasian
Virgin Brown Hair Treated with Sulfate-Free Shampoos--Table 14
[0132] The following examples, Examples 117-119, illustrate that
limiting nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharide
compositions to include surfactants consisting only of sulfate-free
surfactants (as opposed to sulfate-containing surfactants) also
improves the conditioning properties of the compositions such that
they provide similar or better conditioning benefits than
compositions containing cationic polymers and/or silicones and/or
emollients. Examples 106-108 include sodium laureth sulfate, a
sulfate-containing surfactant, in their formulations and are
therefore used as comparative examples with respect to Examples
117-119.
[0133] Example 117 is an experimental formulation containing a
nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharide wherein the
surfactants contained therein are limited solely to (single tail)
sulfate-free surfactants. A .about.100 g sample of the formulation
consists of:
TABLE-US-00022 q.s. Deionized Water 0.10 g Disodium EDTA (EDETA
.RTM. BD - BASF) 0.70-1.0 g Polymer of this invention or commercial
polymer 10.00 g Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (MEDIALAN .RTM. LD, 30%
active - Clariant) 6.00 g Sodium Lauroamphoacetate (JEETERIC .RTM.
LM-M30, 41% active - Jeen International) 15.00 g Coamidopropyl
Betain (AMPHOSOL .RTM. CG-K, 30% active - Stepan Company) 2.00 g
Decyl glucoside (PLANTACARE .RTM. 2000, 54% active - Cognis) 0.20 g
Methylisothiazolinone and Phenethyl alcohol and PPG-2-Methyl Ether
(OPTIPHEN .RTM. MIT Plus - Ashland Specialty Ingredients) As
required Citric acid to adjust pH None-3.0 g Sodium Chloride
(99.5%, Aldrich)
[0134] Examples 118-119 are additional experimental formulations
containing nonionic hydrophobically modified polysaccharides
wherein the surfactants are limited solely to (single tail)
sulfate-free surfactants. A .about.100 g sample of the formulations
consists of:
TABLE-US-00023 q.s. Deionized Water 0.10 g Disodium EDTA (EDETA
.RTM. BD - BASF) 0.70-1.0 g Polymer of this invention or commercial
polymer 16.67 g Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (MEDIALAN .RTM. LD, 30%
active - Clariant) 12.20 g Sodium Lauroamphoacetate (JEETERIC .RTM.
LM-M30, 41% active - Jeen International) 7.41 g Decyl glucoside
(PLANTACARE .RTM. 2000, 54% active - Cognis) 0.20 g
Methylisothiazolinone and Phenethyl alcohol and PPG-2-Methyl Ether
(OPTIPHEN .RTM. MIT Plus - Ashland Specialty Ingredients) As
required Citric acid to adjust pH None-1.0 g Sodium Chloride
(99.5%, Aldrich)
[0135] The above-described wet comb performance test was performed
on highly bleached Caucasian virgin brown hair for Examples 117-119
and Comparative Examples 106-108. Prior to testing, the Caucasian
virgin brown hair was damaged by bleaching the hair for
approximately 2.5 hours. The formulations and commercial shampoos
corresponding to Examples 106-108 and 117-119 were added to
individual tresses in amounts of 0.3 grams per gram of tress and
then rinsed. After rinsing, the wet comb performance measurements
were taken with a total of five tests run per tress. The results
are presented in Table 14.
TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 14 Polymer NaCl Wet Example (concen- Polymer
Concen- Combing # tration) Type tration (gf-mm/g) 106 GARNIER
FRUCTIS .RTM. Nutri Repair 420778 107 DOVE .RTM. Damage Repair
Therapy 406384 Intensive Repair 108 UCARE .TM. Cationic 1.5 wt %
378652 JR400 (0.5 wt %) 117 AQU D3930 Nonionic 3 wt % 251791 (0.7
wt %) 118 AQU D3930 Nonionic 0.2 wt % 363231 (1 wt %) 119 NATROSOL
.RTM. Plus Nonionic 1 wt % 378276 330 (1 wt %) Description of
Ingredients Listed in Table 14: (1) GARNIER FRUCTIS .RTM. Nutri
Repair: Commercial Shampoo, L'Oreal, Paris, FR. (2) DOVE .RTM.
Damage Therapy Intensive Repair: Commercial Shampoo, Unilever,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ. (3) UCARE .TM. JR400: Cationic HEC,
Polyquaternium-10, from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI. (4) AQU D3930:
Polymer of this invention, C16 hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc., 1.1 wt % cetyl,
hydroxyethyl molar substitution (HEMS) 4.0. (5) NATROSOL .RTM. Plus
330: Hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc.
Wet Comb Performance Measurements on Highly Bleached Caucasian
Virgin Brown Hair Treated with Shampoo Compositions Containing
Multi-Tail Surfactants and Single Tail Sulfate-Free
Surfactants--Table 15
[0136] Examples 120-122 illustrate that the addition of multi-tail
surfactants (whether sulfate-free or not) to nonionic
hydrophobically modified polysaccharide compositions containing
sulfate-free single tail surfactants provides similar or better
conditioning benefits than those compositions containing cationic
polymers and/or silicones and/or emollients. Examples 106-108 and
Example 117 are comparative examples and are described above. A
.about.100 g sample of the formulation for Examples 120-122
consists of:
TABLE-US-00025 q.s. Deionized Water 0.10 g Disodium EDTA (EDETA
.RTM. BD - BASF) 0.70-1.0 g Polymer of this invention or commercial
polymer 10.00 g Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (MEDIALAN .RTM. LD, 30%
active - Clariant) 6.00 g Sodium Lauroamphoacetate (JEETERIC .RTM.
LM-M30, 41% active - Jeen International) 15.00 g Coamidopropyl
Betain (AMPHOSOL .RTM. CG-K, 30% active - Stepan Company) 2.00 g
Decyl glucoside (PLANTACARE .RTM. 2000, 54% active - Cognis) 3.00 g
Multi-tail Surfactant(s) 0.20 g Methylisothiazolinone and Phenethyl
alcohol and PPG-2-Methyl Ether (OPTIPHEN .RTM. MIT Plus - Ashland
Specialty Ingredients) As required Citric acid to adjust pH
None-3.0 g Sodium Chloride (99.5%, Aldrich)
[0137] The above-described wet comb performance test was performed
on highly bleached Caucasian virgin brown hair for Examples 120-122
and Comparative Examples 106-108 and 117. Prior to testing, the
Caucasian virgin brown hair was damaged by bleaching the hair for
approximately 2.5 hours. The formulations and commercial shampoos
corresponding to Examples 106-108, 117, and 120-122 were added to
individual tresses in amounts of 0.3 grams per gram of tress and
then rinsed. After rinsing, the wet comb performance measurements
were taken with a total of five tests run per tress. The results
are presented in Table 15.
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 15 Multi-tail Type of Wet Polymer Polymer
Concentration Surfactant Multi-tail Combing Example#
(concentration) Type of NaCl (concentration) Surfactant (gf-mm/g)
106 GARNIER FRUCTIS .RTM. Nutri Repair None N/A 420778 107 DOVE
.RTM. Damage Repair Therapy Intensive None N/A 406778 Repair 108
UCARE .TM. JR400 Cationic 1.5 wt % None N/A 378652 (0.5 wt %) 117
AQU D3930 Nonionic 3 wt % None N/A 251791 (0.7 wt %) 120 AQU D3930
Nonionic 0.1 wt % STEPANTEX .RTM. DC 90 Cationic 371131 (0.7 wt %)
(3 wt %) 121 AQU D3930 Nonionic 0.1 wt % STEPANQUAT .RTM. GA-
Cationic 284344 (0.7 wt %) 90 (3 wt %) 122 AQU D3930 Nonionic 0.1
wt % ARQUAT .RTM. 2C-75 Cationic 165465 (0.7 wt %) (3 wt %)
Description of Ingredients Listed in Table 15: (1) GARNIER FRUCTIS
.RTM. Nutri Repair: Commercial Shampoo L'Oreal, Paris, FR. (2) DOVE
.RTM. Damage Therapy Intensive Repair: Commercial Shampoo,
Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. (3) UCARE .TM. JR400: Cationic HEC,
Polyquaternium-10, from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI. (4) AQU D3930:
Polymer of this invention, C16 hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc. 1.1 wt % cetyl,
hydroxyethyl molar substitution (HEMS) 4.0. (5) STEPANTEX .RTM. DC
90: Cationic multi-tail surfactant, dialkyl ammonium methosulfate,
from Stepan Company, Northfield, IL. (6) STEPANQUAT .RTM. GA-90:
Cationic multi-tail surfactant, Dipalmitoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium
methosulfate, from Stepan Company, Northfield, IL. (7) ARQUAT .RTM.
2C-75: Cationic multi-tail surfactant, dicoco dimethylammonium
chloride, from Akzo-Nobel.
Wet Comb Performance Measurements on Highly Bleached Caucasian
Virgin Brown Hair Treated with Shampoo Compositions Containing
Varying Levels of Sodium Chloride and Multi-Tail Surfactants and/or
Single Tail Sulfate-Free Surfactants--Table 16
[0138] Examples 123-126 illustrate the crucial role of sodium
chloride on the performance of sulfate-free nonionic
hydrophobically modified shampoos alone or in combination with
multi-tail surfactants. A .about.100 g sample of the formulation
for Examples 123-126 consists of:
TABLE-US-00027 q.s. Deionized Water 0.10 g Disodium EDTA (EDETA
.RTM. BD - BASF) 0.70-1.0 g Polymer of this invention or commercial
polymer 16.67 g Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (MEDIALAN .RTM. LD, 30%
active - Clariant) 12.20 g Sodium Lauroamphoacetate (JEETERIC .RTM.
LM-M30, 41% active - Jeen International) 7.41 g Decyl glucoside
(PLANTACARE .RTM. 2000, 54% active - Cognis) 0.0-3.0 g Multi-tail
surfactant(s) 0.20 g Methylisothiazolinone and Phenethyl alcohol
and PPG-2-Methyl Ether (OPTIPHEN .RTM. MIT Plus - Ashland Specialty
Ingredients) As required Citric acid to adjust pH None-1.0 g Sodium
Chloride (99.5%, Aldrich)
[0139] The above-described wet comb performance test was performed
on highly bleached Caucasian virgin brown hair for Examples
123-126. Prior to testing, the Caucasian virgin brown hair was
damaged by bleaching the hair for approximately 2.5 hours. The
formulations were added to individual tresses in amounts of 0.3
grams per gram of tress and then rinsed. After rinsing, the wet
comb performance measurements were taken with a total of five tests
run per tress. The results are presented in Table 16.
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 16 Multi-tail Type of Wet Example Polymer
Polymer Concentration Surfactant Multi-tail Combing #
(Concentration) Type of NaCl (Concentration) Surfactant (gf-mm/g)
123 AQU D3930 Nonionic -- None -- 625635 (1 wt %) 124 AQU D3930
Nonionic 0.2 wt % None -- 363231 (1 wt %) 125 NATROSOL .RTM. Plus
Nonionic -- Aerosol .RTM. OT Anionic 390873 330 (2.5 wt %) (1 wt %)
126 NATROSOL .RTM. Plus Nonionic 1 wt % Aerosol .RTM. OT Anionic
35976 330 (2.5 wt %) (1 wt %) Description of Ingredients Listed in
Table 16: (1) AQU D3930: Polymer of this invention, C16
hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules,
Inc., 1.1 wt % cetyl, hydroxyethyl molar substitution (HEMS) 4.0.
(2) NATROSOL .RTM. Plus 330: Hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules,
Inc. (3) AEROSOL .RTM. OT: Anionic multi-tail surfactant, sodium
dioctyl sulphosuccinate, from Cytec Industries Inc., West Paterson,
NJ.
Wet Comb Performance Measurements on Non-Bleached Caucasian Virgin
Brown Hair Treated with Shampoo Compositions Containing Varying
Levels of Nonionic Hydrophobically Modified Polysaccharide and
Multi-Tail Surfactants--Table 17
[0140] Examples 127-133 illustrate that multi-tail surfactants
significantly improve the conditioning properties of compositions
containing a range of concentrations of nonionic hydrophobically
modified polysaccharides such that they provide similar or better
conditioning benefits than compositions containing cationic
polymers and/or silicones and/or emollients. Examples 127-130 are
comparative examples. Examples 131-133 correspond to experimental
samples containing both a nonionic hydrophobically modified
polysaccharide and at least one multi-tail surfactant.
[0141] Comparative Examples 127 and 128 correspond to the
commercial shampoos GARNIER FRUCTIS.RTM. Nutri Repair (L'Oreal,
Paris, FR) and DOVE.RTM. Damage Therapy Intensive Repair (Unilever,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J.).
[0142] Comparative Examples 129-130 are shampoo formulations
without multi-tail surfactants. A .about.100 g sample of the
formulations for Examples 129-130 consists of:
TABLE-US-00029 q.s. Deionized Water 0.50-0.70 g Polymer of this
invention or commercial polymer 17.34 g Sodium Laureth Sulfate
(TEXAPON .RTM. N702 - 69.2% active) 6.74 g Cocamidopropyl Betain
(TEGOBETAIN .RTM. L7 - 29.68% active) 0.50 g Phenoxyethanol,
Ethylhexylglycerin (EUXYL .RTM. PE9010 - Schulke & Mayr) As
required Citric acid to adjust pH 0.10-1.50 g Sodium Chloride
(99.5%, Aldrich)
[0143] Examples 131-133 are shampoo formulations having a range of
hydrophobically modified polysaccharide concentrations and include
multi-tail surfactants. A .about.100 g sample of the formulations
for Examples 131-133 consists of:
TABLE-US-00030 q.s. Deionized Water 0.30-1.0 g Polymer of this
invention or commercial polymer 11.56 g Sodium Laureth Sulfate
(TEXAPON .RTM. N702 - 69.2% active) 6.74 g Cocamidopropyl Betain
(TEGOBETAIN .RTM. L7 - 29.68% active) 0.0-3.0 g Multi-tail
Surfactant(s) 0.50 g Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin (EUXYL
.RTM. PE9010 - Schulke & Mayr) As required Citric acid or
Sodium Hydroxide to adjust pH 0.10-1.50 g Sodium Chloride (99.5%
Aldrich)
[0144] The above-described wet comb performance test was performed
on Caucasian virgin brown hair for Examples 127-133. The Caucasian
virgin brown hair was not bleached or damaged prior to testing. The
formulations and commercial shampoos were added to individual
tresses in amounts of 0.3 grams per gram of tress and then rinsed.
After rinsing, the wet comb performance measurements were taken
with a total of five tests run per tress. The results are presented
in Table 17.
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 17 Type of Wet Multi-tail Multi- Comb- Ex-
Polymer Surfactant tail ing am- (Concen- Polymer (Concen- Surfac-
(gf- ple # tration) Type tration) tant mm/g) 127 GARNIER FRUCTIS
.RTM. None N/A 96350 Nutri Repair Shampoo 128 DOVE .RTM. Damage
None N/A 98189 Therapy Intensive Repair Shampoo 129 UCARE .TM.
Cationic None N/A 76689 JR400 (0.5 wt %) 130 AQU D3930 Nonionic
None N/A 244406 (0.7 wt %) 131 AQU D3930 Nonionic AEROSOL .RTM.
Anionic 129849 (0.3 wt %) OT (3 wt %) 132 AQU D3930 Nonionic
AEROSOL .RTM. Anionic 103353 (0.7 wt %) OT (3 wt %) 133 AQU D3930
Nonionic AEROSOL .RTM. Anionic 83373 (1 wt %) OT (3 wt %)
Description of Ingredients Listed in Table 17: (1) GARNIER FRUCTIS
.RTM. Nutri Repair: Commercial Shampoo, L'Oreal, Paris, FR. (2)
DOVE .RTM. Damage Therapy Intensive Repair: Commercial Shampoo
Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. (3) UCARE .TM. JR400: Cationic HEC,
Polyquaternium-10, from Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI. (4) AQU D3930:
Polymer of this invention, C16 hydrophobically modified
hydroxyethyl cellulose from Hercules, Inc., 1.1 wt % cetyl,
hydroxyethyl molar substitution (HEMS) 4.0. (5) AEROSOL .RTM. OT:
Anionic multi-tail surfactant, sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate, from
Cytec Industries Inc., West Paterson, NJ.
* * * * *