U.S. patent application number 13/827619 was filed with the patent office on 2014-09-18 for turbocharger with magnetic brake.
This patent application is currently assigned to Dayco IP Holdings, LLC. The applicant listed for this patent is Dave Fletcher, Brian Graichen, Stuart Kirby, Craig Markyvech. Invention is credited to Dave Fletcher, Brian Graichen, Stuart Kirby, Craig Markyvech.
Application Number | 20140271234 13/827619 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51527739 |
Filed Date | 2014-09-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140271234 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Markyvech; Craig ; et
al. |
September 18, 2014 |
TURBOCHARGER WITH MAGNETIC BRAKE
Abstract
Turbochargers are disclosed that have a braking system to brake
the rotation of an electrically conductive compressor wheel within
the turbocharger. The brake system includes the electrically
conductive compressor wheel, which is connected to a turbine by a
common shaft, one or more electromagnets positioned proximate to
the compressor wheel, and a control circuit electrically coupled to
the one or more electromagnets to turn the one or more
electromagnets on or off to provide braking action to the
compressor wheel. Systems including such a turbocharger and methods
utilizing such turbochargers are also included herein.
Inventors: |
Markyvech; Craig; (Romulus,
MI) ; Graichen; Brian; (Leonard, MI) ; Kirby;
Stuart; (Pontevedra, ES) ; Fletcher; Dave;
(Flint, MI) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Markyvech; Craig
Graichen; Brian
Kirby; Stuart
Fletcher; Dave |
Romulus
Leonard
Pontevedra
Flint |
MI
MI
MI |
US
US
ES
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
Dayco IP Holdings, LLC
Springfield
MO
|
Family ID: |
51527739 |
Appl. No.: |
13/827619 |
Filed: |
March 14, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
417/45 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F05D 2260/903 20130101;
F04D 29/284 20130101; F04D 25/024 20130101; F02C 6/12 20130101;
F05D 2220/40 20130101; F04D 25/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
417/45 |
International
Class: |
F04D 25/06 20060101
F04D025/06 |
Claims
1. A turbocharger comprising: an electrically conductive compressor
wheel connected to a turbine by a common shaft; one or more
electromagnets positioned proximate to the compressor wheel; and a
control circuit electrically coupled to the one or more
electromagnets to turn the one or more electromagnets on or off to
provide braking action to the compressor wheel.
2. The turbocharger of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is
electrically coupled to an engine control unit and receives a
signal therefrom to control the braking of the compressor wheel in
coordination with at least one engine function to avoid a surge of
the compressor wheel or over revving of the turbine.
3. The turbocharger of claim 1, wherein the one or more
electromagnets are positioned between an ambient air inlet and a
side of the compressor wheel facing the ambient air inlet.
4. The turbocharger of claim 3, wherein the one or more
electromagnets are positioned more proximal to an edge of the
compressor wheel defining the compressor wheel's outer diameter
than a bore defining the compressor wheel's inner diameter.
5. The turbocharger of claim 1, wherein the one or more
electromagnets is a plurality of electromagnets mounted equally
distant from one another in a concentric arrangement about a
central longitudinal axis of the turbocharger.
6. The turbocharger of claim 1, wherein the one or more
electromagnets are embedded in a surface of a housing enclosing the
compressor wheel.
7. The turbocharger of claim 1, further comprising a wastegate
operatively connected in a fluid flowpath leading to an exhaust
inlet in fluid communication with the turbine.
8. A method for controlling the rotational speed of a turbocharger,
the method comprising: providing a turbocharger having an
electrically conductive compressor wheel connected to a turbine by
a common shaft and a braking system comprising one or more
electromagnets positioned proximate to the compressor wheel and a
control circuit electrically coupled to the one or more
electromagnets to turn the one or more electromagnets on or off to
provide braking action to the compressor wheel; operating the
control circuit to allow electric current to flow to the one or
more electromagnets to create a magnetic field to slow the
rotations of the compressor wheel.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: operating the control
circuit to stop the flow of electric current to the one or more
electromagnets.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more electromagnets
are positioned between an ambient air inlet and a side of the
compressor wheel facing the ambient air inlet.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more electromagnets
are positioned more proximal to an edge of the compressor wheel
defining the compressor wheel's outer diameter than a bore defining
the compressor wheel's inner diameter.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more electromagnets
is a plurality of electromagnets mounted equally distant from one
another in a concentric arrangement about a central longitudinal
axis of the turbocharger.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more electromagnets
are embedded in a surface of a housing enclosing the compressor
wheel.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein the turbocharger is part of an
engine system having an engine control unit electrically coupled to
the control unit, and the method further comprises; sending signals
from the engine control unit to the control circuit to activate or
de-activate the one or more electromagnets in coordination with at
least one engine function.
15. The method of claim 8, further comprising a wastegate
operatively connected in a fluid flowpath leading to an exhaust
inlet in fluid communication with the turbine.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This application relates to turbocharger systems within
internal combustion engines, more particularly, to exhaust-driven
turbochargers having a magnetic brake.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Internal combustion engines, its mechanisms, refinements and
iterations are used in a variety of moving and non-moving vehicles
or housings. Today, for example, internal combustion engines are
found in terrestrial passenger and industrial vehicles, marine,
stationary, and aerospace applications. There are generally two
dominant ignition cycles commonly referred to as gas and diesel, or
more formally as spark ignited and compression ignition,
respectively. More recently, exhaust-driven turbochargers have been
incorporated into the system connected to the internal combustion
engine to improve the power output and overall efficiency of
engine.
[0003] Turbochargers are generally incorporated to increase engine
performance. In such applications, turbochargers often require
control of their speed (the RPMs at which the turbine or compressor
wheel rotates) so that either compressor surge or over speed does
not occur. Typically, turbo speed control is accomplished by
valves, levers and/or actuated devices that bypass exhaust gas
around the turbine housed in the turbine section of the
turbocharger. These types of controls include several moving parts
that can wear over the life of the turbocharger and ultimately wear
out.
[0004] There is a need to continue to improve the exhaust-driven
turbochargers, including the efficiency, power, and control
thereof, in particular the turbo speed control.
SUMMARY
[0005] In one aspect, turbochargers are disclosed herein that can
replace or augment the turbo speed control previously existing,
such as that accomplished by valves, levers, and actuated devices,
by including a braking system for the compressor wheel utilizing
Lenz's law. Here, a non-contacting, non-friction brake system is
disclosed that includes one or more electromagnets positioned
proximate to the compressor wheel, which is electrically
conductive, and a control circuit electrically coupled to the one
or more electromagnets to turn the one or more electromagnets on or
off to provide braking action to the compressor wheel. When the
electromagnet(s) are activated the magnetic field generated thereby
brakes the compressor wheel and as a result reduces the turbo speed
of the turbocharger.
[0006] In another aspect, a system is disclosed that includes the
turbocharger described in the preceding paragraphs and an internal
combustion engine in fluid communication therewith. The system may
also include an engine control unit that communicates with the
control circuit of the brake system to turn the electromagnet(s) on
or off as needed. In one embodiment, the control circuit receives
commands from the engine control unit to activate the
electromagnet(s) to brake the compressor wheel in coordination with
at least one engine function to avoid a surge in the compressor
section of the turbocharger or over revving of the turbine.
[0007] In another aspect, methods for controlling the rotational
speed of a turbocharger are disclosed. The method may include
providing a turbocharger such as those described herein having
electromagnet(s) and a control circuit, and operating the control
circuit to allow electric current to flow to the one or more
electromagnets to create a magnetic field to slow the rotations of
the compressor wheel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] FIG. 1 is a diagram including flow paths and flow directions
of one embodiment of an internal combustion engine turbo
system.
[0009] FIG. 2 is a side, perspective view of one embodiment of a
turbocharger.
[0010] FIG. 3 is an end, perspective, partially assembled view of
the turbocharger of FIG. 2.
[0011] FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the
turbocharger of FIG. 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0012] The following detailed description will illustrate the
general principles of the invention, examples of which are
additionally illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the
drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally
similar elements.
[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an internal combustion
engine turbo system, generally designated 100. The turbo system 100
includes the following components in controlling the operating
parameters of a turbocharger: an exhaust-driven turbocharger 102
having a turbine section 104 that includes a housing 112 having an
inlet opening 113 and an exhaust outlet 114 and a compressor
section 106 that includes a housing 116 having an ambient air inlet
118 and a discharge opening 119. Housed within housing 112 of the
turbine section 104 is a turbine wheel 124 that harnesses and
converts exhaust energy into mechanical work through a common shaft
125 to turn a compressor wheel 126 that ingests air from an air
induction system 150, compresses it and feeds it at higher
operating pressures into the engine inlet 162 of the internal
combustion engine 160.
[0014] Still referring to FIG. 1, the compressor section 106 of the
turbocharger 102 is in fluid communication with various parts of
the system as follows: (1) the ambient air inlet 118 of the
compressor section 106 is in fluid communication with the air
induction system 150 and, optionally, return passages 138 from a
compressor bypass valve 140; and (2) the discharge opening 119 is
in fluid communication with the intake manifold of the internal
combustion engine 160. The intake manifold is represented by
passageway 152, engine inlet 162, and intake valves contained
therein (not shown). The turbine section 104 of the turbocharger
102 is in fluid communication with other parts of the system as
follows: (1) the exhaust inlet 113 is in fluid communication with
an exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine; and (2) the
exhaust outlet 114 is in fluid communication with passage 174 (also
referred to as the exhaust line) exhausting to a catalytic
converter 176. The exhaust manifold is represented in FIG. 1 by
engine exhaust 164 and passageway 172. Additionally, a turbine
bypass valve 130, commonly referred to as a wastegate, may be
present. The turbine bypass valve 130 may be in fluid communication
with a source of fluid to operate an actuator, such as actuator 134
in FIG. 2, that controls the opening and closing of the bypass
valve 130. When the bypass valve 130 is opened, wasted exhaust gas
from the internal combustion engine 160 bypasses the turbine
section 104 of the turbocharger 102 by being diverted through the
bypass valve 130 and flowing directly to the exhaust line 174. As
such the turbine bypass valve 130 controls the amount of exhaust
gas entering the turbine section 104 of the turbocharger 102.
[0015] Now referring to FIGS. 2-4, one embodiment of the
turbocharger 102 is shown. As discussed above, the turbocharger 102
has a turbine section 104 and a compressor section 106, both having
respective housings 112, 116. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, an
electrically conductive compressor wheel 126 is enclosed within
housing 116 of the compressor section 106. The electrically
conductive compressor wheel 126 is connected to the turbine 124,
enclosed within housing 112 of the turbine section 104, by a common
shaft 125. Here, the added feature is a braking system that
includes one or more electromagnets 128 positioned proximate to the
compressor wheel 126, and a control circuit 120 electrically
coupled to the one or more electromagnets 128, for example by
wires, cables, and/or electrical connectors 122, to turn the one or
more electromagnets 128 on or off to provide braking action to the
compressor wheel 126. The electromagnets 128, when on (i.e.,
activated), create a magnetic field that will slow down the
electrically conductive compressor wheel 126 per Lenz's law.
Accordingly, the electromagnets 128 act as a non-contact,
non-friction brake to control the rotational speed of the
compressor wheel 126 and hence the common shaft 125 and the
attached turbine 124.
[0016] As seen in FIGS. 2 and 4, the control circuit 120 may
independently control the electromagnets 128 to provide the braking
action to the compressor wheel 126 or may be electrically coupled
to an engine's engine control unit 166, from which the control
circuit 120 will receive commands or signals directing the
operations of the control circuit. The engine control unit 166 can
send signals to control circuit 120 to activate the electromagnets
128 under an engine condition likely to cause a surge of the
compressor wheel 126 or under an engine condition that would over
rev the turbine, thereby avoiding the surge or the over rev.
Similarly, the engine control unit 166 can send signals to control
circuit 120 to de-activate the electromagnets 128 under selected
engine conditions when boost is demanded, for example, rapid
vehicle acceleration.
[0017] As seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the one or more electromagnets 128
are positioned proximate the compressor wheel 126 at a location
between the ambient air inlet 118 and a side of the compressor
wheel 180 facing the ambient air inlet 118. The electromagnets may
be embedded in a surface 117 of the housing 116 enclosing the
compressor wheel 126. In another embodiment, the electromagnets 128
may be mounted to a surface, such as surface 117, of housing 116 by
any means. Also, the electromagnets 128 may be positioned more
proximal to an edge 182 of the compressor wheel 126 defining the
compressor wheel's outer diameter than a bore 184 defining the
compressor wheel's inner diameter, and may be mounted or embedded
equally distant from one another in a concentric arrangement about
the central longitudinal axis A of the turbocharger.
[0018] In one embodiment, the electromagnets 128 may be composed of
an iron core with coils of wire wound around the core. The
electromagnets provide the ability to control the strength of the
magnetic flux density, the polarity of the field, and the shape of
the field. The strength of the magnetic flux density is controlled
by the magnitude of the current flowing in the coil, the polarity
of the field is determined by the direction of the current flow,
and the shape of the field is determined by the shape of the iron
core around which the coil is wound. Additionally, the braking
system may be controlled and/or adjusted by changing the number of
electromagnets, their spacing, orientation, and location relative
to the compressor wheel.
[0019] The braking system in the turbocharger 102 has many benefits
over conventional methods of turbine speed control, especially over
by-pass systems using valves, levers and actuators. One benefit is
the utilization of the magnetic fields created by the
electromagnets in that the electromagnets act very fast to provide
braking, which reduces response time and allow increased turbo
performance. Accordingly, the turbo speed (surge) safety margins
can be reduced due to the instantaneous turbo speed braking action.
Another benefit is that the braking system has no moving parts
other than the compressor wheel, which was already present. The
electromagnetic braking system provides the additional benefit of
being a variable controlled system by electronically controlling
the strength of the magnetic field. This proportional braking
provides greater turbo speed control by applying only the minimum
braking required to maintain proper turbine/compressor wheel
speed.
[0020] As discussed above, the braking system can avoid surge or
over revving, which could result in catastrophic failure of the
turbocharger. This in turn would prevent engine catastrophic damage
from the engine ingesting debris from the turbocharger failure.
[0021] Having described the invention in detail and by reference to
preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that
modifications and variations are possible without departing from
the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended
claims.
* * * * *