U.S. patent application number 13/841948 was filed with the patent office on 2014-09-18 for three-wheeled vehicle.
The applicant listed for this patent is David Calley. Invention is credited to David Calley.
Application Number | 20140262578 13/841948 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51522488 |
Filed Date | 2014-09-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140262578 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Calley; David |
September 18, 2014 |
Three-Wheeled Vehicle
Abstract
A three-wheeled vehicle having an arrangement of wheels with two
forward wheels and one back wheel and a profile adjustment feature
is described. The back wheel may be configured as the steering
wheel, and in some cases is the only steering wheel. The two
forward wheels are configured essentially parallel with each other
and the back wheel is configured essentially centered between and
back from the two forward wheels. This arrangement of the wheels
provides for a stability that does not require a person to maintain
balance to keep the vehicle in an upright position. The profile
adjustment feature may automatically adjust the height of the
vehicle as a function of vehicle speed. As the vehicle speeds up,
the height may be reduce to provide a more stable vehicle that is
turned more by tilting the vehicle than by turning the back
wheel.
Inventors: |
Calley; David; (Flagstaff,
AZ) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Calley; David |
Flagstaff |
AZ |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
51522488 |
Appl. No.: |
13/841948 |
Filed: |
March 15, 2013 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
180/210 ;
280/278; 280/657 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B62K 5/027 20130101;
B62M 6/50 20130101; B62K 5/10 20130101; B62K 5/05 20130101; B62D
61/065 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
180/210 ;
280/657; 280/278 |
International
Class: |
B62K 5/05 20060101
B62K005/05; B62K 5/027 20060101 B62K005/027 |
Claims
1. A three-wheeled vehicle comprising: a. an arrangement of wheels
consisting of: i. two forward wheels configured essentially
parallel to each other; ii. one back wheel configured to steer the
vehicle; b. a profile adjustment device coupled to the back wheel;
and c. a protective shell configured at least over a front portion
of the vehicle.
2. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1, wherein the profile
adjustment device is an automatic profile adjustment device,
whereby the profile adjustment device is configured to provide a
first vehicle height at first speed and a second vehicle height at
second speed and whereby the first height is higher than the second
height and the first speed is lower than said second speed.
3. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1 further comprising a front
portion of the vehicle and a means to raise the front portion of
the vehicle as the vehicle leans.
4. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1, wherein the protective
shell is configured over substantially the entire three-wheeled
vehicle.
5. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a door
configured in the front portion of the three-wheeled vehicle,
whereby the door is configured for an occupant to enter through the
front of the three-wheeled vehicle and wherein the door comprise a
translucent window portion.
6. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1, wherein a rate of steering
per a rider steering input decreases with increasing speed of the
three-wheeled vehicle.
7. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1, further comprising at
least one electric motor, wherein at least one electric motor is
configured on at least one wheel.
8. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 7, further comprising at
least one battery, wherein at least one battery is configured to be
removable and hand carriable.
9. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a tow
lever coupled to a back portion of the three-wheeled vehicle, and
wherein the three-wheeled vehicle is configured to be towed by the
tow lever with the back wheel elevated.
10. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1, further comprising a
human power input feature.
11. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 10, wherein the human power
input feature may be a reciprocating type pedaling device.
12. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1, further comprising an
automatic tilt feature, whereby the forward wheels are adjusted in
height thereby producing a lean of three-wheeled vehicle, to reduce
side acceleration felt by an occupant.
13. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1, where the vehicle can
pivot substantially within its own dimensions.
14. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1, further comprising at
least one rear view mirror.
15. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 14, further comprising a
rear view mirror adjustment feature, wherein the rear view mirror
automatically adjust with the profile adjustment device.
16. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 15 where a headlight and
rear view mirror are integrated into an assembly.
17. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1 wherein the shell provides
substantial structural support for the vehicle.
18. A three-wheeled vehicle comprising: a. an arrangement of wheels
consisting of: i. two forward wheels configured essentially
parallel to each other: ii. one back wheel configured to steer the
vehicle; b. a height profile adjustment device coupled to the back
wheel; and c. a rear swing arm pivot coupled to the back wheel,
where rear steering is accomplished coaxially to the rear swing
arm.
19. A three-wheeled vehicle comprising: a. an arrangement of wheels
consisting of: i. two forward wheels configured essentially
parallel to each other; ii. one back wheel configured to steer the
vehicle; b. a profile adjustment device coupled to the back wheel;
and c. a human power input feature.
20. The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 1, wherein the human power
input feature is coupled to a generator.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to a three-wheeled vehicle and
in particular a power assisted three-wheeled vehicle.
[0003] 2. Background
[0004] Transportation, and particularly routine local daily
transportation, such as to and from work, is an expensive necessity
for many people. The costs to poses and operate an automobile are
extremely high and have risen dramatically in recent years. In
addition, automobiles create congestion on the roadways and
locating a parking location can be trying. Furthermore, automobiles
provide no means for physical exercise and pollute the environment
and burn fossil fuels, a limited resource.
[0005] For many people, the commute to work is no more than about
10 miles making it practical for them to use human powered forms of
transportation, such as a bicycle. However, some people are
uncomfortable on bicycles, as a two wheeled vehicle requires the
rider to maintain their balance. Many people fear they will lose
their balance riding a bicycle and wreck and are uncomfortable
riding along with automobiles as a bicycle provide no protection
for the rider. In addition, bicycles do not provide a person with
protection from the weather, including wind, rain, snow, and the
cold, leaving them looking disheveled when they arrive at their
location. Furthermore, bicycling can be very strenuous, especially
during uphill climbs, and can leave a person sweating and feeling
drained when they arrive at their destination.
[0006] Electric bicycles (eBikes) have made gains for use as
personal transportation due to low cost, effectiveness in dense
urban areas, use for the "last mile," and personal and societal
health benefits. However, as with standard bicycles, many people
are uncomfortable operating them on busy roads, fear they may
wreck, and there is no protection from the elements or from other
vehicles. Furthermore, bicycles provide limited to no cargo
carrying capacity. As yet, attempts to provide both the advantages
of an eBike and a car in one vehicle have resulted in an
amalgamation that effectively provides neither.
[0007] There exists a need for a vehicle that is stable, whereby a
person can operate it without needing to keep their balance,
provides protection from other vehicles and the elements, provides
some cargo capacity, is power assisted providing an opportunity to
exercise and low cost to own and operate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The invention is directed to a three-wheeled vehicle that
comprises an arrangement of wheels with two forward wheels and one
back wheel. The two forward wheels are configured essentially
parallel with each other and the back wheel is configured
essentially centered between and back from the two forward wheels.
This arrangement of the wheels provides for a stable vehicle that
does not require a person to maintain balance to keep the vehicle
in an upright position; as is required on two wheeled vehicles such
as a bicycle. In addition, this arrangement of wheels provides for
a zero turn radius, whereby the vehicle can turn about a single
point between the two forward wheels. The back wheel can be turned
to ninety degrees from the two front wheels and the two forward
wheels can be rotated in opposing directions providing for a zero
turn radius about a point centered between the two forward
wheels.
[0009] The three-wheeled vehicle as described herein further
comprises a profile adjustment device coupled to the back wheel,
whereby the height of the vehicle can be adjusted, such as by
actuating the back wheel with a linear actuator or rotational arm,
or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the height of the
three-wheeled vehicle is automatically adjusted when the
three-wheeled vehicle exceeds a threshold speed, or is as a
relative function of speed. At low speeds the height of the
vehicle, or the height of an operators head sitting in the vehicle
may be at a first height, and when the three-wheeled vehicle
accelerates to a higher speed, the height of the vehicle may be
reduce. The reduction in the height of the vehicle may reduce the
aerodynamic drag, increase efficiency and make the three-wheeled
vehicle more stable by lowering the center of gravity, and thereby
reducing the moment about the tilt axis. A profile adjustment
device is any device or combination of devices that adjusts the
height of the vehicle and may include, but is not limited to, a
linear actuator, gear reduction on pivot, rack and pinion, a pivot,
a plurality of pivots and the like. A profile adjustment device may
comprise one or more gas struts and/or springs to facilitate the
movement and alignment of the profile adjustment. A profile
adjustment device is configured to reduce the height of the vehicle
when a threshold speed in exceeded, or to or to continuously adjust
the height of the vehicle as the speed varies to maintain desired
characteristics.
[0010] The three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may further
comprise a protective shell that is at least over a front portion
of the vehicle. A protective, or any portion of a protective shell
may be configured to be detachably attachable to the three-wheeled
vehicle. A protective shell may comprise one or more windows and/or
vents that may be configured to open to allow airflow into the
three-wheeled vehicle. In an embodiment, a protective shell
substantially envelops the three-wheeled vehicle as shown as
described herein. In some embodiments, one or more doors may be
configured in the protective shell. A door may be consider a
portion of a protective shell of a three-wheeled vehicle as
described herein. In addition, the wheels of the vehicle and
particularly the front wheels may be configured to move up into a
cavity within the body, such as when in a turn.
[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the protective shell of the
vehicle provides the primary structural support for the vehicle
wherein components of the vehicle, such as the pedaling device, the
wheels and the like are attached to the shell. A shell may comprise
an inner and outer skin layer and a porous polymer layer configured
therebetween. Structural supports may be configured on or inside
the shell to provide additional strength to components attached
thereon, or configured therethrough.
[0012] The three-wheeled vehicle may comprise an automatic tilt
(lean of the vehicle) feature, whereby the amount of tilt enabled
by the vehicle is increased at elevated speed. An automatic tilt
feature may prevent the three-wheeled vehicle from falling over and
allow for a safe amount of tilt at any speed where an operator may
not operate the vehicle out of a safe zone. In an exemplary
embodiment, a steering input splitter is coupled to the profile
adjustment device, whereby the height of the vehicle adjusts a
pivot point on the steering ratio mechanism thereby adjusting the
steering contribution between back wheel turning and tilt steering
control. At low speeds, the ratio is weighted toward back heel
turning, and at higher speeds the ratio shift more to tilt steering
control. The steering control actuator is coupled to a steering
apparatus, whereby the steering input from an operator is divided
between back wheel turning and tilt steering. In still another
embodiment, an electric actuator changes the position of the front
swing arms to cause lean such that the operator or rider does not
experience substantial side acceleration. An inertial sensor may be
coupled with wheel actuator(s) and control lean position
automatically. A differential may be configured between the front
wheels and cause the vehicle to raise as it leans to give it a
tendency towards stability.
[0013] The three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may be
configured with a front entrance door, whereby an operator enters
through the front of the vehicle. For example, an operator may lift
up or swing the front protective shell and enter the vehicle
through the front of the vehicle and then close the front
protective shell. In other embodiments, a door may be configured on
one or more sides of the vehicle.
[0014] The three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may be
configured for a single occupant or operator or may be configured
for two or more occupants, such as one operator and one passenger.
In an exemplary embodiment, a three-wheeled vehicle is configured
for one operator and for cargo and/or a small child passenger
configured behind the operator. In still another embodiment, a
three-wheeled vehicle is configured for only one operator and cargo
behind the operator. In other embodiments, the three-wheeled
vehicle is configured for more than two passengers, more than three
passengers and the like. In yet another embodiment, a passenger or
storage trailer may be configured for attachment to the
three-wheeled vehicle. For example, a passenger trailer may be
attached to the back of a three-wheeled vehicle and may be
controlled at least partially by the three-wheeled vehicle. In yet
another embodiment two or more three-wheeled vehicles may be
coupled together and the trailing vehicles may provide additional
power to propel the linked vehicles, or may provide additional
battery power to the lead vehicle. One three-wheeled vehicle may be
attached to another through any suitable means including a folding
tow lever and attached with a suction cup device to conventional
vehicle, whereby a suction cup on at least one of the coupled
vehicles in attached to a linkage between the vehicles, such as a
tether, or elastic bar. However when towing another of the same
vehicles, the integrated towing systems link without suction cups
and are purposed to link. When a three-wheeled vehicle as described
herein is coupled to an automobile it may provide additional thrust
to the automobile, or simply be pulled by the automobile. A
three-wheel vehicle coupled to an automobile, may provide
additional power, such as battery power to an automobile, electric
automobile or hybrid automobile. The 3 wheeled vehicle may recharge
its battery(s) using the forward motion of the automobile and may
be configured to do so only when the automobile if deceleration.
The 3 wheeled vehicle may sense acceleration, deceleration and
turning of the automobile using its accelerometer and respond
according to what is desired. The 3 wheeled vehicle may be used to
provide thrust to the automobile and reduce the automobiles energy
consumption. The 3 wheeled vehicle may be used to decelerate the
automobile and reduce the brake ware and conserve energy.
[0015] The three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may be
completely human powered or may have one or more human power input
features 50. In the completely human powered embodiment, the
three-wheeled vehicle may be configured with one or more pedal
devices that enable an operator and/or passenger to pedal and
propel the three-wheeled vehicle. A pedal device may be coupled to
one or more wheels of the three-wheeled vehicle through any
suitable means, including a chain, gear linkages, belts, any
combination of coupling features provided and the like. In an
exemplary embodiment, a pedal device is configured in front of the
operator and coupled to the two front wheels by means of the pedal
power turning a generator that feeds power to motor(s) configured
to turn the wheels. In still another embodiment, the three-wheeled
vehicle is configured with a pedal device for the operator and a
passenger. A three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may be
configured for a single passenger to sit behind the operator and
the pedaling devices may be coupled, whereby the operator and
passenger combine there pedaling efforts. A pedaling device may be
any suitable type including a rotational type, as is found on a
bicycle, or reciprocating type, whereby two pedals move back and
forth in a substantially linear manner including an arced path but
not a rotational path. In an exemplary embodiment, a reciprocating
pedaling device is configured in front of the operator and
comprises pedal that flip or pivot out of the way until the
operator is ready to use them so that they are not in the way when
entering or exiting the vehicle or at any time that the operator
does not want them open. In addition, the pedaling mechanism may be
configured at least partially within the shell of the vehicle and
extending pedals into the cabin.
[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, a pedaling device is coupled to
a generator, whereby pedaling charges a battery that may be
configured to drive one or more wheels of the three-wheeled vehicle
through an electric motor. The three wheeled vehicle may use the
pedal power from a human power input feature to control the forward
speed of the vehicle if desired by the operator.
[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the three-wheeled vehicle as
described herein comprises one or more power assist devices, such
as an electric motor. A power assist device is coupled to at least
one wheel of the three-wheeled vehicle. In another embodiment an
electric motor is coupled to at least one wheel. An electric motor
may be coupled to a wheel through any suitable linkages or may be
configured on a wheel, whereby it is located substantially about
the wheel as shown and described herein. In an exemplary
embodiment, two electric hub motors are configured on the two
forward wheels. In yet another exemplary embodiment, an electric
motor is configured on each of the three wheels of the
three-wheeled vehicle. Any suitable type of electric motor may be
used with the three-wheeled vehicle including, but not limited to,
a brushless AC motors, brushless DC motors, DC motors, synchronous
motors, synchronous motors, induction motors, brush-less type
motors, brushed type motors, universal motors, induction motors,
torque motors, stepper motors, servo motors, transverse flux motors
and the like. In the exemplary embodiment, transverse flux motors
based on MetGlas are used. A motor used in the three-wheeled
vehicle may have any suitable power output including but not
limited to, 1.5 kW, 7.5 kW, 15 kW and the like.
[0018] The three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may be
designed to reach any suitable speed or speed range including, but
not limited to, 20 mph or more, 30 mph or more, 40 mph or more, 55
mph or more, 65 mph or more and any range between and including the
speeds provided, such as between and including 20 mph to 65 mph. In
an exemplary embodiment, the three-wheeled vehicle is designed to
reach a speed of 65 mph or more, thereby making it practical for
most roads except for interstates outside of city limits. In still
another embodiment, a three-wheeled vehicle as described herein is
configured to reach speeds of 125 mph or more.
[0019] The three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may further
comprise a regenerative braking feature and a rechargeable battery,
whereby braking energy may be stored in the rechargeable battery.
Brakes and/or a regenerative braking feature may be on one or more
of the wheels, such as only the back wheel, the two front wheels,
or all three wheels. The 3 wheeled vehicle may provide control such
that wheels do not skid during breaking or acceleration. The wheels
may be driven such that steering input also controls the torque,
speed and or position of the wheels to aid in control, particularly
steering. Control of the wheels may also be used to lean the
vehicle using differential position, or torque or speed rather than
other means of causing desired lean.
[0020] The three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may comprise
any suitable type or combination of batteries, including but not
limited to lithium based chemistry batteries. In an exemplary
embodiment, a plurality of lithium based chemistry batteries are
configured for quick and easy installation in the three-wheeled
vehicle. In one embodiment, a battery pack is configured with a
plug in feature, whereby the battery pack can be removed from the
vehicle and plugged into a standard wall socket to recharge the
batteries. A three-wheeled vehicle may comprise any number of
removable and rechargeable battery packs including one, two, three
or more and the like. The battery or batteries may have a charger
and or BMS system integrated into the unit that is capable of being
carried by hand with a handle so that it may be removed and
recharge with a conventional power plug without other equipment or
special plugs. In yet another embodiment, the three-wheeled vehicle
comprises a plug in feature, whereby the thee wheeled vehicle may
be plugged in to charge the batteries
[0021] The three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may comprise a
smart electronic device interface, whereby any conventional smart
electronic device may be plugged into a docking station and provide
some electronic data, interments for the vehicle and other and
functionality to the three-wheeled vehicle. In one embodiment, a
smart electronic device may be connected with the three-wheeled
vehicle and provide navigational information, speed, power status
of the vehicle, estimated range, human power output and total
output for a duration, average human power output, music and any
other information that is available with smart electronic devices.
In an exemplary embodiment, an operators heart rate is monitored
and displayed. Sensors may be configured on the steering apparatus,
such as handles, and a heart rate display may be provided on smart
electronic device. In still another embodiment, a smart electronic
device has a program that is specifically designed for use with the
three-wheeled vehicle and in some embodiments is responsible for
some of the control of the three-wheeled vehicle. For example, in
one embodiment a smart electronic device connected with the vehicle
may control the profile adjuster settings as a function of
speed.
[0022] A smart electronic device connected with the three-wheeled
vehicle may provide for communication between an operator or
passenger with one three-wheeled vehicle and a person in another
three-wheeled vehicle as described herein, or any other person. The
smart electronic device may automatically reduce background noise
picked up by a microphone before transmitting the voice from the
sender to the receiver. In this way, passengers in two or more
different three-wheeled vehicle, as described herein, may
communicate as if they were in the same vehicle, thereby providing
more of a communal experience while operating the three-wheeled
vehicle. In another embodiment, a smart electronic device may also
reduce or dampen the transmission of music or sound being produced
by the three-wheeled vehicle sound system. For example, a person
driving a three-wheeled vehicle may be listening to music and
receive a call from a friend. The smart electronic device may
transmit the drivers voice but dampen or reduce the music from the
transmission to the caller. The smart electronic device may have
access to the digital signal of the music being played in the
vehicle, thereby aiding in the reduction of the music
transmitted.
[0023] The three-wheeled vehicle as described herein may comprise
one or more rear view mirrors that may automatically adjust with
the height of the vehicle to provide a substantially constant
viewing direction. For example, the three-wheeled vehicle may
change height as a function speed by the profile adjustment
feature. An operator may not be able to see the appropriate viewing
direction through the rear view mirror when the height of the
vehicle changes. An automatic rear view mirror adjustment feature
however, may adjust the viewing direction of the rear view mirror
to maintain a substantially constant viewing direction as a
function of the profile adjustment feature. An automatic rear view
mirror adjustment feature may be coupled with the profile
adjustment feature through the control system for example. The
smart device may also be used to supplement rear view mirrors and
the like by displaying information from a camera or cameras on the
vehicle. The headlights may be integrated into the same unit as the
mirror so that it is also automatically adjusted as the profile
changes. Blinkers may be integrated into the same unit to reduce
parts, working and complexity. This unit may also be removable or
foldable or retractable or have some means such that it does not
increase the width of the vehicle at critical times such as when
passing through a doorway.
[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, a three-wheeled vehicle
comprises a automatic tilt feature, whereby an inertia sensor
provides input that controls the raising and lowering of the front
wheels, whereby when the vehicle moves around a corner, one wheel
front wheel is raised while the other wheel may be lowered to
reduce the side acceleration felt by the operator of the vehicle
and occupants.
[0025] The three-wheeled vehicle may be any suitable height when in
its most upright position including but not limited to no greater
than 6 ft, no greater than 5 ft, no greater than 4 ft, no greater
than 3.5 ft and any range between and including the height values
provided. Likewise the three-wheeled vehicle may have any suitable
height when in the reclined high speed mode, including, but not
limited to, no more than 5 ft, no more than 4 ft, no more than 3
ft, no more than 2.5 ft and range between and including the height
values provided. The three-wheeled vehicle may have any suitable
maximum width including, but not limited to, no more than 48'', no
more than 36'', no more than 34'', no more than 32'', no more than
30'', no more than 28'' and any range between and including the
width values provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a three-wheeled
vehicle is configured to fit between a standard exterior door
opening, or through a 34'' wide opening. Side view mirrors may be
configured to fold in and/or retract, and/or be detached to reduce
the maximum width of a three-wheeled vehicle as described herein.
In an exemplary embodiment, a person may commute to work in the
three-wheeled vehicle described herein and take the vehicle into
their work building, and in some cases an elevator and ideally into
their office or place of work. The three-wheeled vehicle may be
configured and sized to go where ever a wheelchair is capable of
going. The three-wheeled vehicle may be plugged into a wall socket
to charge the batteries for the commute back home after work, or
one or more batteries may be carried into a place of work and
charged.
[0026] The three-wheeled vehicle may comprise any suitable or
required features of road and/or highway vehicles, including but
not limited to, head lights, tail lights, break lights, turn
signals on the front, back and/or sides of the vehicle, rear view
mirrors or cameras, side view mirrors or cameras, windshield
wipers, and any combination of features provided. In one
embodiment, one or more of the mirrors changes position as a
function of the tilt of the vehicle, thereby providing a more
effective view when the vehicle is in a turn, or tilt.
[0027] The summary of the invention is provided as a general
introduction to some of the embodiments of the invention, and is
not intended to be limiting. Any suitable combination of features
described in the summary may be incorporated into a three-wheeled
vehicle as desired. Additional example embodiments including
variations and alternative configurations of the invention are
provided herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further
understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and
constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of
the invention, and together with the description serve to explain
the principles of the invention
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
[0029] FIG. 1 shows an isometric view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle as described herein.
[0030] FIG. 2 shows a side view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle.
[0031] FIG. 3 shows a top down view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle.
[0032] FIG. 4 shows an iso view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle with the entry door open.
[0033] FIG. 5 shows a side view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle with a side window open.
[0034] FIG. 6 shows a side view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle in an up profile position.
[0035] FIG. 7 shows a side view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle in a down or low profile position.
[0036] FIG. 8 shows a side view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle in an intermediate profile position.)
[0037] FIG. 9 shows a side view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle in an intermediate profile position.
[0038] FIG. 10 shows a side view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle in an up profile position.
[0039] FIG. 11 shows a side view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle in a down or low profile position.
[0040] FIG. 12 show a side view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle frame with the rear wheel turned 90 degrees to the zero
turn radius axis.
[0041] FIG. 13 show a top-down view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle frame with the rear wheel turned 90 degrees to the zero
turn radius axis.
[0042] FIG. 14 show a bottom-up view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle frame with the rear wheel turned 90 degrees to the zero
turn radius axis.
[0043] FIGS. 15A and 15B show top-down diagrams of an exemplary
three-wheeled vehicle zero turn radius.
[0044] FIG. 16 shows top-down view of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle front wheel drive and pivot configuration.
[0045] FIG. 17 shows an isometric view of exemplary wheels and
exemplary swing arms.
[0046] FIG. 18 shows top-down view of a three-wheeled vehicle
geometry having a person configured therein.
[0047] FIG. 19 shows an isometric view of an exemplary
three-wheeled vehicle with a smart electronic device configured
therein.
[0048] FIG. 20 shows an isometric view of an exemplary
three-wheeled vehicle having a light, blinker and mirror
assembly.
[0049] FIG. 21 shows a view of an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle
having a battery module configured to be detached and easily
carried by an operator.
[0050] FIG. 22 shows an isometric view of an exemplary
three-wheeled vehicle shell body having a roof portion.
[0051] FIG. 23 shows an isometric view of an exemplary
three-wheeled vehicle is towing another three-wheeled vehicle.
[0052] FIG. 24 shows an isometric view of an exemplary
three-wheeled vehicle is being towed by an automobile.
[0053] FIG. 25 shows a side view of an exemplary steering input
splitter in a low speed configuration.
[0054] FIG. 26 shows side view n exemplary steering input splitter
in a high speed configuration.
[0055] FIG. 27A shows a side view an exemplary steering input
splitter in a high speed configuration.
[0056] FIG. 27B shows a side view an exemplary steering input
splitter in a mid-speed configuration.
[0057] FIG. 27C shows a side view an exemplary steering input
splitter in a low speed configuration.
[0058] FIG. 28 shows an isometric view of an exemplary rack and
pinion steering device.
[0059] FIG. 29 shows an isometric view of an exemplary rack and
pinion steering device.
[0060] FIG. 30 shows an isometric view of an exemplary rack and
pinion steering device.
[0061] FIG. 31 shows a top-down view of an exemplary compound
steering arm device.
[0062] FIG. 32 shows a spreadsheet of steering input splitter
ratios.
[0063] FIG. 33 shows a graph of the steering response as a function
of steering input.
[0064] FIG. 34 shows an exemplary center differential
configuration.
[0065] FIG. 35 shows an exemplary center differential
configuration.
[0066] FIG. 36 shows a geometry for controlling the back wheel
trail of an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle.
[0067] FIG. 37A-37C show the geometry of an exemplary three-wheeled
vehicle and trial of the back wheel.
[0068] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding
parts throughout the several views of the figures. The figures
represent an illustration of some of the embodiments of the present
invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the
invention in any manner. Further, the figures are not necessarily
to scale, some features may be exaggerated to show details of
particular components. Therefore, specific structural and
functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as
limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one
skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention
[0069] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising,"
"includes," "including," "has," "having" or any other variation
thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For
example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a
list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements
but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to
such process, method, article, or apparatus. Also, use of "a" or
"an" are employed to describe elements and components described
herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general
sense of the scope of the invention. This description should be
read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes
the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise.
[0070] Certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are
described herein and illustrated in the accompanying figures. The
embodiments described are only for purposes of illustrating the
present invention and should not be interpreted as limiting the
scope of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention, and
certain modifications, combinations and improvements of the
described embodiments, will occur to those skilled in the art and
all such alternate embodiments, combinations, modifications,
improvements are within the scope of the present invention.
[0071] As shown in FIG. 1, an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10
comprises two forward wheels 22, 23 and one back wheel 20 and a
protective shell 17. The left front wheel 22 and right front wheel
23 make up the forward wheels. The three-wheeled vehicle shown in
FIG. 1 has a protective shell enveloping the three-wheeled vehicle,
or substantially covering at least the front, back, top and sides
of the vehicle body. The protective shell of the three-wheeled
vehicle is configured to be aerodynamic and have low drag. A
protective shell that envelops a three-wheeled vehicle may not
cover the wheels of the vehicle as shown in FIG. 1. A protective
shell is a material that prevents wind and rain from passing
therethrough, provides some protection in the event of an accident,
and may comprise any suitable material or combination of materials
including, but not limited to, polymer, polypropylene, glass,
metal, fabric, composites, and the like. A protective shell may
comprise transparent portions, or windows, whereby an operator or
passenger may see through. In addition, one of more windows may be
configured for opening. A protective shell may be configured over
any portion of the three-wheeled vehicle. For example, a protective
shell may cover the front portion of the vehicle and a portion of
either side of the vehicle. A protective shell may comprise one or
more shell panels that may be configured for being detachably
attached to the vehicle. An operator may decide to remove side
panels for example when the weather is nice and may choose to add
additional panels when the weather is foul or the temperature is
too low
[0072] As shown in FIG. 2 the exemplary three-wheeled vehicle has a
plurality of windows including a front window 72, and side window
74. A window may be configured to open or be detached from the
vehicle. A protective shell may be aerodynamic in shape, whereby it
provides a low drag. The shape of the protective shell shown in
FIG. 1-4, may be described as substantially tear drop shaped,
wherein the outer surfaces are rounded and have a continual contour
from the front of the vehicle to the back of the vehicle and
wherein the front portion has a larger volume than the back
portion. A traditional car typically has a plurality of
substantially planar surfaces, wherein the hood is a substantially
planar surface that is parallel with the ground and transitions to
the windshield that is configured at an angle to the plane of the
ground, whereby the contour from the hood to the windshield is a
non-continual contour manner.
[0073] As shown in FIG. 3, an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle has
an aerodynamic protective shell enveloping the vehicle. The
protective shell has no planar surface along the outer shell from
the front of the vehicle to the back of the vehicle. The exemplary
three-wheeled vehicle shown in FIG. 1-4 is configured for one
operator and no passengers.
[0074] As shown in FIG. 4, an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10
comprises a front entry 70, whereby the front entry 70, opens to
allow access to the interior of the vehicle. The front entry 70 may
comprise a front window 72 and may be considered a door 73. The
front entry 70 can open in any suitable manner, including, to the
side as shown in FIG. 4, upward from the bottom with a pivot along
the top portion of the window, or slide along the contour of the
vehicle whereby the front window slides up from the bottom. A door
may be configure in any suitable location such as in the front
portion of the vehicle as shown in FIG. 4, along the sides of the
vehicle or in the back of the vehicle. The front portion of the
vehicle is the portion of the vehicle that faces forward and in one
embodiment is the portion of the vehicle above and in front of the
two forward wheels.
[0075] As shown in FIG. 5, an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle has
side window 74 that is open. An operator 11 is shown in the vehicle
with their feet on a pedaling device 15. A person may pedal the
pedaling device to directly power the vehicle, or preferably to
charge a battery or batteries 19, such as through a generator. A
human power input device 50 such as a pedaling device may be
configured in any suitable location on the vehicle. A pedaling
device may be configured for the operator to use their arms to
pedal the device. A control system 13 may provide resistance to the
pedaling device 15 that is related to the speed of the vehicle,
whereby pedaling is at a lower gear ratio or equivalent resistance
at low speeds or at a higher gear ratio or equivalent higher
resistance at higher speeds. A control device may provide a person
with a work-out program that varies the pedaling resistance
according to a protocol and this protocol may use feedback features
such as heart rate to control the pedaling resistance. For example,
the steering device may comprise a heart rate monitor that measures
the heart rate of the operator. A control system may use the
operators heart rate and may vary the pedaling resistance to
maintain or vary over a protocol the operators heart rate. An
operator may be able to pedal the pedaling device when stopped at a
stop light to power the batteries. An operator may use pedal input
to control the forward speed of the vehicle if desired. The
pedaling device may be a traditional rotational pedaling device
whereby two pedals rotate around in a generally circular fashion.
In an alternative embodiment, a pedaling device may comprise a pair
of pedals that reciprocate, or travel in an arc.
[0076] As shown in FIG. 6, an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10 is
an upright profile position, such as when parked. The profile
adjustment feature 14 is extended to raise the rear of the
three-wheeled vehicle. The height of the three-wheeled vehicle H,
may be a maximum when the vehicle is in a parked configuration. The
length L of the vehicle and its wheel base, or distance between the
front wheels and the back wheel, may be a minimum when the profile
adjustment feature is in the up position as shown in FIG. 6. The
back wheel 20 is pulled closer to the front wheel 22, 23 (not
shown), when the three-wheeled vehicle is in an up profile
position, as shown in FIG. 6. The turning radius would be a minimum
in the up profile position.
[0077] As shown if FIG. 7, an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10 is
in a down profile position such as when traveling at elevated
speed. The profile adjustment feature 14 is extended out to lower
the three-wheeled vehicle, an push the back wheel back and further
away from the front wheels. The height of the three-wheeled vehicle
H, may be a minimum when the vehicle is in a down profile
configuration. The length L of the vehicle may be a maximum when
the profile adjustment feature is in the down position as shown in
FIG. 7. The back wheel 20 is pushed further away from the front
wheel 22, 23 (not shown), when the three-wheeled vehicle is in an
down profile position, as shown in FIG. 7.
[0078] As shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the profile adjustment
feature may adjust the height of the rear of the vehicle as a
function of speed of the vehicle an may have any number of
positions between the fully up position shown in FIG. 6, and the
fully down position shown in FIG. 7. The variation in profile may
be continually and automatically adjusted by the control system, or
it may have some or all operator input control. An operator may be
able to adjust the profile or provide some input for personal
preference or for a particular type of conditions, such as loose
road conditions or windy environments. A profile adjustment feature
may comprise one or more linear actuators (not shown but shown in
FIG. 10 through 14), and one or more pivots to enable the height of
the vehicle to be adjusted, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9. The
length of an actuator is adjusted to change the height of the
vehicle, as it does in this embodiment, the wheel base changes
also, enhancing stability.
[0079] As shown in FIG. 10, a three-wheeled vehicle frame comprises
a linear actuator coupled to the back wheel 20. The frame is
elevated up or vertically as shown in FIG. 10. An up position, such
as when the three-wheeled vehicle is parked allows for easy entry
into the vehicle. As shown in FIG. 11, the three-wheeled vehicle
frame is in a down position.
[0080] As shown in FIG. 12, a three-wheeled vehicle has the back
wheel 20 turned 90 degrees from the zero turn radius. The zero turn
radius is between the two front wheels, whereby the two front
wheels turn in opposite directions as the back of the vehicle
rotates around a center point between the two front wheels. Also
shown in FIG. 12 the steering control 16 comprises steering control
actuators 60, that are discrete levers configured on either side of
the operator 11 and pivoting substantially about the elbows, that
can be push or pulled to steer and or lean the vehicle. Any
suitable type of steering controller may be used including a wheel,
a joystick and the like. In one embodiment, the three-wheeled
vehicle, as described herein can pivot or rotate 360 degrees
substantially within its own dimensions.
[0081] As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the three-wheeled vehicle frame
has the back wheel 20 turned at 90 degrees to the zero turn
radius.
[0082] FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B show a diagram of the zero turn radius
of the three-wheeled vehicle. The back tire 20 is turned 90 degrees
to the front wheel axis 27, or line between the two front wheels.
The two front wheels move in opposing directions as indicated by
the arrows on the wheels, with the left front wheel 22 moving
forward and the right front wheel 23 moving backward. This motion
moves the vehicle about a midpoint between the two front tires
along the front wheel axis, or zero turn radius point 25. The
three-wheeled vehicle can be configured with a very small turn
radius or substantially within its own dimensions when the vehicle
is in an up profile position, or when the back wheel is as close as
possible to the front wheels. FIG. 15B shows the turn radius 27
about the zero turn radius point. 25.
[0083] FIG. 16 shows an embodiment where an actuator, controlled by
an accelerometer circuit (not shown) moves a cable or strap back
connecting the two swing arms causing the vehicle to lean (tilt)
such that the operator does not feel substantial side
acceleration.
[0084] FIG. 17 shows the two front wheels 22, 23 and the back wheel
20 having swing arms 28 configured thereto. The front wheels are
connected to swing arms that are in front of the wheels or at least
in front of the front wheel axis. Likewise, the back wheel is
coupled to a swing arm 28' configured in front of the back wheel. A
strap may connect the swing arms.
[0085] As shown in FIG. 18, an operator is configured in the frame
of a three-wheeled vehicle. The operator has his hands on the
handle type steering controllers 16.
[0086] As shown in FIG. 19, a three-wheeled vehicle 10 comprises a
smart electronic device 34 that may control portions of the
vehicle. A smart electronic device may be a part of the
three-wheeled vehicle or a device that is coupled to the vehicle,
such as a smart phone or tablet computer. For example, a user may
enter the vehicle and install their smart phone into the input
jack, dock or docking station of the three-wheeled vehicle and load
the appropriate application. This application may receive input
from vehicle sensor and provide control for the operation of the
vehicle. An inertia sensor and/or speedometer may be used to
control the profile adjustment feature for example. The
three-wheeled vehicle may be lowered as speed is increased. The
three-wheeled vehicle may have a first height at a first speed that
is higher than a second height at a second speed when the second
speed is greater than the first speed. For example when the vehicle
is entering a turn, the inertial sensor 36 may provide a signal to
the actuator(s) to raise one wheel and lower the other to provide
an appropriate and safe amount of tilt around the turn. Also
depicted in FIG. 19 is an automatic tilt feature that comprises an
inertia sensor 36, control system 13 and a wheel actuator 39
coupled to both the left and right front wheels. An inertial sensor
36 may control actuators that control the height of the front
wheels as described. Three electric motors 18 are configured
coupled to the wheels of the three wheeled vehicle. An electric
motor may be directly attached to the wheels, such as hub motors 80
as shown attached to all three wheels of the vehicle. Any suitable
number of motors may be used such as only two on the two front
wheels, or one on the back wheel. An electric motor may be coupled
to one or more wheels through any suitable manner, including
through gears and a drive shaft, or a belt and the like.
[0087] As shown in FIG. 20 an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10
has a light and mirror assembly 101 configured on the side of the
vehicle. The light and mirror assembly 101 comprises a light such
as a high beam and or may include a low beam also 100 and a mirror
configured on the back side of the assembly. The assembly may also
integrate blinkers. A lean correction cable 108 provides adjustment
of the position of the light assembly and or mirror as a function
of the height of the vehicle. A camera may be configured on the
vehicle to provide an image of a side or rear view of the vehicle
and displayed on the smart device. A camera may also be coupled
with a lean correction cable. A light, mirror, camera(s), or
assembly comprising any of these components may be configured to be
detachable from the three-wheeled vehicle and may be configured on
the left side 120, right side 124 and/or top of the vehicle.
[0088] As shown in FIG. 21 an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10
has a battery module 90 configured to be detached and easily
carried by an operator. The module shown has a battery module
handle 93, whereby an operator may conveniently remove a battery
module from the vehicle and plug it into outlet such as a 110
outlet. The battery module may include an integrated charger and or
BMS (battery Management system). A three-wheeled vehicle may
comprise any number of battery modules including one, two, three,
more than three and the like. A battery module may comprise any
suitable number of batteries including one, two, three, more than
three, more than five, more than ten, and any ratio between and
including the number of batteries listed.
[0089] Also shown in FIG. 21 is a window assembly 76 that extends
from one side of the vehicle to the other side of the vehicle. A
window assembly may be curved to substantially match the contour of
the vehicle and may comprise one or more window portions. In an
exemplary embodiment a window assembly consists substantially of a
transparent window, whereby a continuous window portion extends
from the left side of the vehicle to the right side of a vehicle.
The opening option may be only partly transparent and part may be
also structural.
[0090] As shown in FIG. 22 an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle shell
17 comprises a roof portion, a front window 72 and discrete side
windows 74, 74 The roof portion 77 may provide for improved
security and safety of passengers in the event of a roll-over. The
discrete side windows 74 may be any suitable size and may be
configured to open, such as by sliding or pivoting open, and/or may
be detachable. The front window 72 may be any suitable shape and
may also be a front entry 74. Any portion of a front entry may
comprise a window portion of any suitable shape and size and this
window portion may be detachable or configured to open, such as by
sliding open or opening by a hinge, for example. In one embodiment,
the lower portion of a front entry 74 is made of structural
material and a window is configured in an upper portion of the
front entry.
[0091] As shown in FIG. 23 an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10 is
towing another three-wheeled vehicle 10'. A tow lever 130 from the
first three-wheeled vehicle 10 is coupled with a tow lever 130'
from the second three-wheeled vehicle 10'. At least one of the tow
levers is configured with a pivot 134, such as at the coupling
point between the two vehicles. A tow lever may be configured to
lock into a position, or pivot about a point where the tow lever is
coupled to the vehicle. A power coupling 132 is coupled between the
two vehicles and provides for power transfer between a first and
second vehicle. As shown, the towed vehicle 10 is being towed with
the rear wheeled raised.
[0092] As shown in FIG. 24 an exemplary three-wheeled vehicle 10
being towed by an automobile 140. The three-wheeled vehicle is
being towed by a tow lever 130 fully unfolded and extending from
the vehicle to the automobile and coupled to a suction cup 142. The
suction cup is attached to the trunk cover of the automobile but
may be located in any suitable location including a window, back
window, top or sides of car, bumper and the like. The attachment
need not be a suction cup or may be composed of multiple suction
cups. Safety strap is configured between the three-wheeled vehicle
and the automobile as well. A power coupling 132 extends from the
three-wheeled vehicle to the automobile and may provide power to
the three-wheeled vehicle. For example, the automobile may be a
hybrid or electric vehicle and the three-wheeled vehicle may
provide electric power to the automobile during towing or hybrid
functionality, whereby the three-wheeled vehicle propels and/or
brakes along with the towing vehicle. Electric power may be
generated by the three-wheeled vehicle while it is being towed, or
only when the towing vehicle slows. An inertia sensor 36 on the
three-wheeled vehicle may sense acceleration and deceleration and
may apply brakes or to power the three-wheeled vehicle. In this
manner, the three-wheeled vehicle may provide less drag on the
automobile and save energy.
[0093] As shown in FIG. 25, an exemplary steering input splitter
150 in a low speed configuration where the steering actuator
linkage 154 is moved more as a function of steering input from the
steering apparatus linkage 160 than the tilt actuator linkage 162.
The profile adjustment linkage 158 is coupled to the steering ratio
mechanism 151 that adjust the relative amount of steering versus
tilt of the vehicle. At slow speeds, when the profile adjustment
feature has the vehicle in an up profile orientation and the
balance of steering is weighted to steering via the back wheel than
it is to tilt of the vehicle. At relatively high speeds, the
profile adjustment feature has the vehicle in a more down profile
orientation which changes the balance of steering more to a tilting
that steering. The profile adjustment feature, as described herein,
is coupled with the profile adjustment linkage 158 of the steering
input splitter 150. The steering ratio mechanism 151 shown in FIGS.
25 and 26 is a slide, whereby the amount of movement of the two
linkages, the tilt actuator linkage 162 and the steering actuator
linkage 152, is changed as the steering actuator pivot 154 moves
along the steering ratio mechanism 151, or slide. The arrow around
the steering actuator pivot show how the mechanism rotates as a
function of steering input from the steering apparatus linkage 160.
The long double sided arrow along the steering actuator linkage 152
in FIG. 25 show that the steering is dominate during slow speed
operation of the vehicle and reduced as shown in FIG. 26, when the
vehicle is moving at higher speeds as indicated by the short arrows
along the steering actuator linkage 152. Likewise the short double
sided arrow along the tilt actuator linkage 162 in FIG. 25
indicates that tilt is a smaller contribution to steering at slow
speeds and a higher contribution to steering, longer arrows in FIG.
26, at higher speeds. The profile adjustment linkage 158 may be an
physical linkage to the steering input splitter 150 as shown in
FIG. 25 and FIG. 26, or it may be controlled by a sensor that
measures speed, profile adjustment feature position, wind
conditions, and/or road surface conditions e.g. slip of tires, and
any combination thereof. For example, a speedometer may be coupled
to the control system and an actuator may move the steering
actuator pivot to adjust steering input balance.
[0094] As shown in FIG. 26 an exemplary steering input splitter 150
is in a high speed configuration where the steering actuator
linkage 154 is moved less as a function of steering input from the
steering apparatus linkage 160 than the tilt actuator linkage
162.
[0095] As shown in FIG. 27A an exemplary steering input splitter
150 is in a high speed configuration where the steering actuator
linkage 154 is moved less as a function of steering input from the
steering apparatus linkage 160 than the tilt actuator linkage
162.
[0096] As shown in FIG. 27B an exemplary steering input splitter
150 is in a mid-speed configuration where the steering actuator
linkage 152 is moved more as a function of steering input from the
steering apparatus linkage 160 than the when in a high speed
configuration and less than when in a low speed configuration, or
when the vehicle is moving at a higher rate of speed, or lower rate
of speed respectively. Likewise, when a steering input splitter 150
is in a mid-speed configuration the tilt actuator linkage 154 is
moved less as a function of steering input from the steering
apparatus linkage 160 than the when in a high speed configuration
and more than when in a low speed configuration, or when the
vehicle is moving at a higher rate of speed, or lower rate of speed
respectively.
[0097] As shown in FIG. 27A, an exemplary steering input splitter
150 is in a high-speed configuration where the steering actuator
linkage 154 is moved less as a function of steering input from the
steering apparatus linkage 160 than when in a lower speed
configuration.
[0098] As shown in FIG. 27B, an exemplary steering input splitter
150 is in a mid-speed configuration where the steering actuator
linkage 154 is moved less as a function of steering input from the
steering apparatus linkage 160 than when in a lower speed
configuration.
[0099] As shown in FIG. 27C, an exemplary steering input splitter
150 is in a low-speed configuration where the steering actuator
linkage 154 is moved more as a function of steering input from the
steering apparatus linkage 160 than when in a higher speed
configuration.
[0100] As shown if FIG. 28, an exemplary rack and pinion steering
device has a rack 182 and pinion 184. The rack may be coupled to
the steering actuator linkage 152, as shown in FIGS. 25-27, and the
pinion may be coupled to the wheel. (Please identify swing arm
pivot then we can say that the rack rod 182 is positioned at the
pivot of the swing arm so that moving the rack rod 182 is not
affected by the angle or the swing arm so that steering is not
caused by profile height adjustment.) This rack and pinion is
reversed compared to normal rack and pinion steering in that the
movement to the rack is the input and the output to cause the wheel
to turn is the pinion gear. This arrangement allows the steering to
be driven at any angle up and even past 90 degrees each way without
the swing arm angle causing steering
[0101] As shown if FIG. 29, an exemplary rack and pinion steering
device has a rack 182 and pinion 184.
[0102] As shown if FIG. 30, an exemplary rack and pinion steering
device has a rack 182 and pinion 184.
[0103] FIG. 31 shows an alternative to the rack and pinion but
where the housing and position outlined above are substantially the
same. In this embodiment the rack rod is replaced with a simple rod
(not drawn) that moves along the short dotted line in the lower
right in the drawing, and pivotably connects to the link 190. The
link 190 connects to the large circle representing the storing tube
of the swing arm. As the rod moves back and forth, the steering
tube of the swing arm rotates steering the vehicle. This embodiment
is stronger and lower cost and shares the benefit of not causing
steering when the angle of the swing arm changes. It also has the
advantage of providing variable and favorable sensitivity in
steering input such that when steering at near straight, larger
movements will cause less steering. When larger movements are
necessary such as at very low speed, the mechanism provides greater
movement when at greater steering angles.
[0104] FIG. 32 shows a spreadsheet of steering input splitter as
described above. The ratio shown is the adjustment of steering to
lean actuator linkage movement. As can be seen in this example,
more than 3 times the input steering movement is required around
the straight direction than at near 90 degrees in each direction.
The data also show that the operation is substantially symmetrical
about straight. That is that the mechanism provides the same
characteristics turning right and it does turning left.
[0105] FIG. 33 shows a graph of the steering response as a function
of steering input. The graph also show that the operation is
substantially symmetrical about straight. That is that the
mechanism provides the same characteristics turning right and it
does turning left.
DEFINITIONS
[0106] Protective shell, as used herein, is a material that
prevents wind and rain from passing therethrough and may comprise
any suitable material or combination of materials including, but
not limited to, a polymer sheet, glass, metal, fabric, composites,
and the like. A protective shell may comprise transparent portions
or windows whereby an operator or passenger may see through. A
window may be configured for opening.
[0107] The term vehicle is used interchangeable for three-wheeled
vehicle throughout the specification.
[0108] The phrase "an arrangement of wheels consisting of" is used
herein to describe the wheels in contact with the road or driving
surface and does not include a spare wheel that may be stored or
part of the vehicle.
[0109] A profile adjustment device, as used herein, is defined as a
device that raise or lowers the vehicle by movement of the back
wheel, such as through an actuator, or rotations arm. The profile
adjustment device may be an automatic profile adjustment device
whereby the profile adjustment device is configured to provide a
first vehicle height at first speed and a second vehicle height at
second speed and whereby the first height is higher than the second
height and the first speed is lower than said second speed.
[0110] Another concern with a variable profile vehicle is that the
trail of the rear wheel will be unfavorable, perhaps unusable so,
if the relationship to trail is not controlled. FIG. 36 and FIG.
37A-37C show a multi-link passive solution to maintain a favorable
trail from park, thru very low speed maneuvering (walking speeds),
thru lower street speeds, thru high speed. This particular set up
provide near zero trail at park, about 35 mm for very low walking
speed, 75-100 mm for mid-range speeds and up to 133 mm for the
highest speeds. The actuator movement is about 7.5 inches. Another
issue is maintaining a favorable shock absorber geometry.
Particularly, the rate of shock movement to wheel movement. In one
embodiment a higher shock movement rate at higher speeds for
greater "stiffness" and a lower rate and "softer" response at lower
speeds may be selected.
Additional Embodiments
[0111] A three-wheeled vehicle further comprising a plurality of n
arms attaching the wheels to the vehicle.
[0112] A three-wheeled vehicle wherein a wheel base distance
measure from a center point between the two front wheels and the
back wheel, and whereby the profile adjustment device is configured
to increase the wheel base as the speed of the three-wheeled
vehicle increase.
[0113] A three-wheeled vehicle configured to reach a speed of at
least 20 mph and comprises at least one illuminated signaling
feature.
[0114] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising: [0115] a. an arrangement
of wheels consisting of: [0116] 1. two forward wheels configured
essentially parallel to each other; [0117] 2. one back wheel
configured to steer the vehicle; [0118] b. a profile adjustment
device coupled to the back wheel; and providing for rear wheel
trail to be adjusted with height.
[0119] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising: [0120] a. an arrangement
of wheels consisting of: [0121] 1. two forward wheels configured
essentially parallel to each other; [0122] 2. one back wheel
configured to steer the vehicle; [0123] b. a profile adjustment
device coupled to the back wheel; and [0124] c. a protective shell
configured at least over a front portion of the vehicle,
[0125] whereby the profile adjustment device is configured to
provide a first height of an occupant's head at first speed and a
second height of an occupant's head at second speed and whereby the
first height is higher than the second height and the first speed
is lower than said second speed.
[0126] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising: [0127] a. a plurality of
swing arms having a vehicle attachment location that is forward to
a wheel attachment location,
[0128] whereby the height profile adjustment device is configured
to provide a first height of an occupant's head at first speed and
a second height of an occupant's head at second speed and whereby
said first height is higher than said second height and said first
speed is lower than said second speed.
[0129] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising: [0130] a. a front of the
vehicle and a means to raise the front of the vehicle as the
vehicle tilts to maintain the vehicle substantially in an upright
orientation,
[0131] whereby the height profile adjustment device is configured
to provide a first height of an occupant's head at first speed and
a second height of an occupant's head at second speed and whereby
said first height is higher than said second height and said first
speed is lower than said second speed.
[0132] A three-wheeled vehicle, wherein the protective shell is
configured over substantially the entire three-wheeled vehicle.
[0133] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising a sound cancelation
feature, whereby when an audio signal communicated via the
communication feature has a diminished noise component.
[0134] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising a door configured in the
front of the three-wheeled vehicle, whereby the door is configured
for an occupant to enter through the front of the three-wheeled
vehicle.
[0135] A three-wheeled vehicle, wherein the three-wheeled vehicle
is configured for a single occupant, having a single seat.
[0136] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising a power assist device
coupled to at least one wheel.
[0137] A three-wheeled vehicle wherein the power assist device is
an internal combustion engine.
[0138] A three-wheeled vehicle wherein the power assist device is
an electric motor.
[0139] A three-wheeled vehicle wherein an electric motor configured
on at least one wheel.
[0140] A three-wheeled vehicle wherein an electric motor is
configured on all three wheels.)
[0141] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising a pedal device coupled to
at least one wheel and configured to propel the vehicle.
[0142] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising an automatic tilt (lean
of vehicle) feature, whereby the amount of tilt enabled by the
vehicle is reduce at elevated speed.
[0143] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising a regenerative braking
feature and a rechargeable battery, whereby braking energy is
stored in the rechargeable battery.
[0144] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising a smart electronic device
interface feature.
[0145] A three-wheeled vehicle configured for to reach a speed of
at least 20 mph and comprises at least one illuminated signaling
feature.
[0146] A three-wheeled vehicle comprising: [0147] a. an arrangement
of wheels consisting of: [0148] 1. two forward wheels configured
essentially parallel o each other; [0149] 2. one back wheel
configured to steer the vehicle; [0150] b. a height profile
adjustment device coupled to the back wheel; and [0151] c. at least
one rear view mirror,
[0152] whereby the height profile adjustment device is configured
to provide a first height of an occupant's head at first speed and
a second height of an occupant's head at second speed and whereby
the first height is higher than the second height and the first
speed is lower than said second speed.
[0153] The three-wheeled vehicle of claim 19 further comprising a
rear view mirror adjustment feature, wherein the rear view mirror
automatically adjust with the profile adjustment device.
[0154] A three wheeled vehicle with electric hub motors in each
wheel.
[0155] A three wheeled vehicle with a human power device that may
be a mechanical means.
[0156] A three wheeled vehicle with the front two wheels on
trailing link swing arms to affect tilt and a rear wheel to affect
steering.
[0157] A three wheeled vehicle where the rear wheel turns 90
degrees.
[0158] A three wheeled vehicle where the front two wheels can turn
in opposite directions and vehicle pivots about a center between
the front two wheels.
[0159] A three wheeled vehicle where the rear wheel is on a
variable height allowing for varying the chassis angle.
[0160] A three wheeled vehicle where chassis angle varies with
vehicle speed.
[0161] As in proceeding claims where occupant(s) enter from the
front between the two front wheels.
[0162] A three wheeled vehicle where peddles are attached not, from
a center but from the sides of the vehicle.
[0163] A three wheeled vehicle where peddles fold out of the way to
facilitate entry and exit.
[0164] A three wheeled vehicle where the steering and tilt are a
variable ratio of steering input such that steering input at low
speed causes a large amount of steer and a small amount of tilt at
higher speeds the same steering input causes a small amount of
steer and a large amount of tilt.
[0165] A three wheeled vehicle where any steering input of a full
range of movement will tilt the vehicle such that the occupant(s)
do not experience substantial side acceleration and will steer the
vehicle the that will still keep the vehicle within the safe
turning limits such that the vehicle will not rollover.
[0166] A three wheeled vehicle where at zero forward speed rear
wheel will turn 90 degrees.
[0167] A three wheeled vehicle where rear wheel is driven by a
motor or motor/generator to facilitate turning
[0168] A three wheeled vehicle with 1 or more electric being in the
wheel.
[0169] A three wheeled vehicle where electric motors are controlled
to eliminate wheel spin as in traction control and abs systems.
[0170] A three wheeled vehicle where motor(s) are controlled for
position so that the vehicles motors are synchronized to the
direction of steering.
[0171] A three wheeled vehicle where steering is accomplished with
motors position and torque and rear wheel acts as a free
caster.
[0172] A three wheeled vehicle where it operates autonomously or
Semi-autonomously.
[0173] A three wheeled vehicle where seat is not adjustable and
pedals adjust to accommodate different occupants,
[0174] A three wheeled vehicle where steering input divide adjusts
to accommodate different occupants.
[0175] A three wheeled vehicle where steering input is by handles
that move substantially about the elbows.
[0176] A three wheeled vehicle where a second directions of
movement such as inward and or inward and outward or movement
forward and backward inputs tilt.
[0177] A three wheeled vehicle where the variable chassis angle is
compensated for in the headlights and rearview side mirrors.
[0178] A three wheeled vehicle where headlight and side mirrors are
put together in simplify movement to adjust angle.
[0179] A three wheeled vehicle where a cable from the rear swing
arm or one of it's driven parts, connects to each mirror/headlight
assembly.
[0180] A three wheeled vehicle where the vehicle is fully enclosed
with a front opening that is both a door and serves as a
windshield.
[0181] A three wheeled vehicle where door is a plastic with a glass
layer on the outside to provide hardness required.
[0182] A three wheeled vehicle where the body is both structural
and serves as the exterior of the vehicle,
[0183] A three wheeled vehicle where reinforcements are molded in
the body molding.
[0184] A three wheeled vehicle where hollow areas and conduits such
as for airflow, wiring and cables are molded into body by placing
pre-molded parts such tubes into mold before plastic fills the
mold. This may include wiring looms already in tubes.
[0185] A three wheeled vehicle where stampings and or tubes, and or
castings are used as reinforcements.
[0186] A three wheeled vehicle where the access from the door to
the seat is unencumbered.
[0187] A three wheeled vehicle with wheels enclosed by body as
opposed to moving fenders.
[0188] A three wheeled vehicle with transverse flux
motor/generators in 3 wheels, as hub motors.
[0189] A three wheeled vehicle designed to tow a trailer with power
cables to allow power transmission to the towing vehicle.
[0190] A three wheeled vehicle using motor torque differential to
tilt vehicle.
[0191] A three wheeled vehicle with a detachable hand-carriable
batteries (for recharging easy indoors) comprising 1 or more
batteries.
[0192] A three wheeled vehicle having a width to fit thru exterior
"36''" or larger doors.
[0193] A three wheeled vehicle with a differential configured so
that the vehicle front rises when tilting to increase clearance and
or to have a tendency to go level.
[0194] A three wheeled vehicle with wheels having hub motors.
[0195] A three wheeled vehicle with where wheels retract into body
to tilt.
[0196] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various
modifications, combinations and variations can be made in the
present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the
invention. Specific embodiments, features and elements described
herein may be modified, and/or combined in any suitable manner.
Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the
modifications, combinations and variations of this invention
provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and
their equivalents.
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