U.S. patent application number 14/258391 was filed with the patent office on 2014-09-11 for compositions and methods for short interfering nucleic acid inhibition of nav 1.8.
The applicant listed for this patent is Sameer Goregaoker, John C. Hunter, Tony Priestley. Invention is credited to Sameer Goregaoker, John C. Hunter, Tony Priestley.
Application Number | 20140256787 14/258391 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36061603 |
Filed Date | 2014-09-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140256787 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Goregaoker; Sameer ; et
al. |
September 11, 2014 |
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR SHORT INTERFERING NUCLEIC ACID
INHIBITION OF Nav 1.8
Abstract
The invention provides short interfering nucleic acids, either
single-stranded or double-stranded, that cause RNAi-induced
degradation of mRNA from the Na.sub.v1.8 sodium channel gene; to
pharmaceutical compositions comprising such short interfering
nucleic acids; recombinant vectors comprising such short
interfering nucleic acids; a method for inhibiting translation of
an mRNA; a method for inhibiting expression of a polypeptide; a
method for blocking the membrane potential in a cell; a method for
blocking the sodium current in a cell; and a method for inhibiting
chronic pain.
Inventors: |
Goregaoker; Sameer; (San
Diego, CA) ; Hunter; John C.; (Warren, NJ) ;
Priestley; Tony; (West Chester, PA) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Goregaoker; Sameer
Hunter; John C.
Priestley; Tony |
San Diego
Warren
West Chester |
CA
NJ
PA |
US
US
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
36061603 |
Appl. No.: |
14/258391 |
Filed: |
April 22, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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13653013 |
Oct 16, 2012 |
8729045 |
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14258391 |
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12789564 |
May 28, 2010 |
8309703 |
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13653013 |
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11259588 |
Oct 26, 2005 |
7786291 |
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12789564 |
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60622484 |
Oct 27, 2004 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/44A ;
435/320.1; 435/375; 536/24.5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C12N 15/113 20130101;
C12N 2310/14 20130101; A61P 25/02 20180101; C12N 2310/111 20130101;
A61P 25/04 20180101; A61P 29/00 20180101; C12N 15/1138
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/44.A ;
536/24.5; 435/320.1; 435/375 |
International
Class: |
C12N 15/113 20060101
C12N015/113 |
Claims
1. An isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid
comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting
of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, or an analogue
thereof.
2. The isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid of
claim 1 comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 5, 9 and 10.
3. The isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid of
claim 1, further comprising a 3' overhang.
4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a short interfering
nucleic acid of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
5. The isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid of
claim 1, further comprising a complementary nucleotide sequence
thereto.
6. The complementary nucleotide sequence of claim 5, further
comprising a 3' overhang.
7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the short interfering
nucleic acid and complementary nucleotide sequence of claim 5, and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
8. The isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid of
claim 5, wherein said nucleotide sequence and said complementary
nucleotide sequence hybridize to form a duplex.
9. The duplex of claim 8, wherein said nucleotide sequence further
comprises a 3' overhang and said complementary nucleotide sequence
further comprises a 3' overhang.
10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the duplex of claim 8,
and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
11. An isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid
comprising a sense strand and an antisense strand, wherein said
sense strand and said antisense strand hybridize to form a duplex,
wherein said sense strand comprises a nucleotide sequence
substantially identical to a target sequence, and wherein said
target sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NOs: 12-577.
12. The duplex of claim 11, wherein said sense strand further
comprises a 3' overhang and said antisense strand further comprises
a 3' overhang.
13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the duplex of claim 11,
and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
14. A recombinant vector comprising the nucleotide sequence of
claim 1.
15. A method for inhibiting translation of an mRNA to a polypeptide
comprising contacting a cell capable of expressing a Na.sub.v1.8
mRNA with the short interfering nucleic acid of claim 1.
16. A method for inhibiting expression of a polypeptide comprising
contacting a cell capable of expressing a Na.sub.v1.8 polypeptide
with the short interfering nucleic acid of claim 1.
17. A method for blocking the membrane potential in a cell
comprising contacting a cell expressing a Na.sub.v1.8 polypeptide
with the short interfering nucleic acid of claim 1.
18. A method for blocking the sodium current in a cell comprising
contacting a cell expressing a Na.sub.v1.8 polypeptide with the
short interfering nucleic acid of claim 1.
19. A method for inhibiting chronic pain comprising administering
to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the
pharmaceutical composition of claim 4.
20. A method for inhibiting chronic pain comprising administering
to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the
pharmaceutical composition of claim 7.
Description
[0001] This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/653,013, filed Oct. 16, 2012 which is a
divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
12/789,564, filed May 28, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,309,703, which
is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
11/259,588, filed Oct. 26, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,786,291, which
claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
60/622,484, filed Oct. 27, 2004; each of which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The invention provides short interfering nucleic acids,
either single-stranded or double-stranded, that cause RNAi-induced
degradation of mRNA from the Na.sub.V1.8 sodium channel gene; to
pharmaceutical compositions comprising such short interfering
nucleic acids; recombinant vectors comprising such short
interfering nucleic acids; a method for inhibiting translation of
an mRNA; a method for inhibiting expression of a polypeptide; a
method for blocking the membrane potential in a cell; a method for
blocking the sodium current in a cell; and a method for inhibiting
chronic pain.
[0004] 2. Background of the Invention
[0005] Chronic pain is a major symptom of peripheral neuropathies,
whether induced by AIDS, cancer chemotherapy, diabetes, or by
direct physical trauma to the peripheral nerves. Such neuropathic
pain is often highly debilitating and resistant to therapeutic
intervention.
[0006] Animal models of neuropathic pain have suggested that a
prominent feature in the maintenance of the neuropathic state is an
abnormal, persistent hyperexcitability of the sensory afferent
neurons within the peripheral nerve following injury. In addition,
a common clinical finding is that broad-spectrum sodium channel
blockers, such as lidocaine, can acutely suppress neuropathic pain.
However, the relative contribution of individual sodium channel
subtypes in neuropathic pain remains unclear.
[0007] Voltage-gated sodium channels are critical for the
initiation and propagation of action potentials in neurons. In
addition, these channels are involved in the regulation of neuronal
excitability. Therefore, voltage-gated sodium channels play an
important role in transmitting nociceptive information throughout
both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Peripheral nerve
injury causes sodium channels to accumulate in the membranes of
primary afferents around the site of injury. This results in
repetitive firing and an increase in excitability of both injured
afferents and their uninjured neighbors. This increase in
excitability appears to be critical for the expression of
neuropathic pain.
[0008] At least ten different isoforms of sodium channels have been
identified in the brain, neurons and striated muscles. The major
component of sodium channels is the 260 kDa .alpha.-subunit, which
forms the pore of the channel. The .alpha.-subunit is composed of
four homologous domains, DI, DII, DIII and DIV, each of which is
composed of six transmembrane segments, S1-S6. Most sodium channels
associate with auxiliary .beta.-subunits, .beta.1-.beta.4, which
have an average molecular weight of 30 kDa. The .beta.-subunits
modulate the level of expression and gating of these channels.
[0009] Three sodium channel isoforms, Na.sub.V1.7, Na.sub.V1.8 and
Na.sub.V1.9, are expressed primarily in the PNS. Na.sub.V1.7 is
widespread in the peripheral nervous system, such that it is
present in all types of dorsal root ganglion neurons, in Schwann
cells and in neuroendocrine cells. Na.sub.V1.7 is sensitive to
nanomolar amounts of tetrodotoxin. Na.sub.V1.8 is found only in
sensory afferent nerves and neurons of the dorsal root ganglion and
trigeminal ganglion. The Na.sub.V1.8 channel is highly resistant to
tetrodotoxin, with an IC.sub.50 of greater than 50 .mu.M.
Na.sub.V1.9 is also expressed in small fibers of the dorsal root
ganglion and trigeminal ganglion and is also resistant to nanomolar
concentrations of tetrodotoxin, but is half maximally blocked by
.about.40 .mu.M of tetrodotoxin.
[0010] Recent interest in the search for therapeutic targets in the
treatment of pain has focused on the tetrodotoxin resistant sodium
channels found in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons, a significant
fraction of which are known to be pain-sensing `nociceptors`. One
such sodium channel is Na.sub.V1.8, which was formerly known as PN3
or peripheral nerve sodium channel type 3. This channel has been
found to be upregulated in the dorsal root ganglion in chronic pain
states. In addition, the biophysical properties of Na.sub.V1.8 make
this channel a likely candidate for maintaining the sustained
repetitive firing of the peripheral neuron following injury.
Moreover, the expression of Na.sub.V1.8 being restricted to the
periphery in sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion, suggests
that blockade of this channel might allow relief from neuropathic
pain with minimal side effects. However, this possibility can not
be tested pharmacologically because currently available sodium
channel blockers do not distinguish between sodium channel
subtypes.
[0011] Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting of Na.sub.V1.8
expression in an animal model of neuropathic pain has been employed
to test whether a selectively attenuated expression of this channel
might allow relief from neuropathic pain. See Porreca et al., "A
comparison of the potential role of the tetrodotoxin-insensitive
sodium channels, PN3/SNS and NaN/SNS2, in rat models of chronic
pain", Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 96, pp. 7640-7644 (1999).
Inhibition of Na.sub.V1.8 expression using antisense
deoxyoligonucleotides has also been found to inhibit chronic pain
in other animal pain models. See Yoshimura et al., "The involvement
of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel Na.sub.V1.8 (PN3/SNS)
in a rat model of visceral pain", J. Neuroscience, vol. 21, pp.
8690-8696 (2001); and Khasar et al., "A tetrodotoxin-resistant
sodium current mediates inflammatory pain in the rat", Neuroscience
Letters, vol. 256, no. 1, pp. 17-20 (1998). Further data indicate
that selective knock-down of Na.sub.V1.8 protein in the dorsal root
ganglion neurons by specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to
Na.sub.V1.8 prevented the hyperalgesia and allodynia caused by
spinal nerve ligation injury. See Kim et al., "An experimental
model for peripheral neuopathy produced by segmental spinal nerve
ligation in the rat", Pain, vol. 50, pp. 355-363 (1992). The above
data suggests a pathophysiological role for Na.sub.V1.8 in several
peripheral neuropathic and inflammatory states.
[0012] However, the use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides as
therapeutics is limited by their instability in vivo, by their
limited efficacy and by their tendency to produce `off-target`
effects. Since no small molecule has been identified that is
capable of specifically blocking Na.sub.V1.8, there is a continued
need for alternative ways of modulating Na.sub.V1.8 in the
treatment of pain.
[0013] The present invention meets the above need by providing
short interfering nucleic acids and siRNAs to specifically
knock-down expression of Na.sub.V1.8. The use of siRNA is
attractive because it has high target specificity, reduced
off-target liability and achieves high levels of suppression.
siRNA, which stands for short interfering RNA or small interfering
RNA, is a form of RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is a technique used
to investigate gene function by degrading a specific mRNA target in
a cell, thus knocking-out or knocking-down the level of the encoded
protein. The mechanism of action of siRNA is thought to involve a
multi-step process. First, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is
recognized by an RNase III family member and is cleaved into siRNAs
of 21 to 23 nucleotides. Next, the siRNAs are incorporated into an
RNAi targeting complex called RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).
RISC is a dual function helicase and RNase that recognizes target
mRNA. After recognizing a target mRNA, the RISC binds the mRNA and
unwinds the siRNA, which allows the antisense strand of the siRNA
to bind via complementary base pairing (Watson-Crick base pairing)
to the target mRNA. This causes hydrolysis and destruction of the
mRNA, which results in decreased protein expression. Furthermore,
siRNA is apparently recycled such that one siRNA molecule is
capable of inducing cleavage of approximately 1000 mRNA molecules.
Therefore, siRNA-mediated RNAi is more effective than other
currently available technologies for inhibiting expression of a
target gene.
[0014] All references, publications, patent applications and
patents disclosed herein are hereby incorporated by reference in
their entirety.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0015] The present invention is directed to short interfering
nucleic acids that specifically target and cause RNAi-induced
degradation of mRNA from the Na.sub.V1.8 sodium channel gene and
methods of using such short interfering nucleic acids.
[0016] An embodiment of the invention provides an isolated or
recombinant short interfering nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, or an analogue thereof. The isolated
or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid may further comprise
a 3' overhang. Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition
comprising one or more of any of the above short interfering
nucleic acids and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0017] An alternative embodiment of the invention provides an
isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid comprising a
nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, or an analogue thereof,
and further comprising a complementary nucleotide sequence thereto.
The isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid may
further comprise a 3' overhang. Also provided is a pharmaceutical
composition comprising one or more of any of the above short
interfering nucleic acids and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
[0018] Another embodiment provides an isolated or recombinant short
interfering nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence selected
from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10 and 11, or an analogue thereof, and further comprising a
complementary nucleotide sequence thereto, wherein the nucleotide
sequence and the complementary nucleotide sequence hybridize to
form a duplex. The nucleotide sequence and the complementary
nucleotide sequence may each further comprise a 3' overhang. Also
provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of
any of the above duplexes and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
[0019] An additional embodiment provides an isolated or recombinant
short interfering nucleic acid comprising a sense strand and an
antisense strand, wherein the sense strand and the antisense strand
hybridize to form a duplex, wherein the sense strand comprises a
nucleotide sequence substantially identical to a target sequence,
and wherein the target sequence is selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 12-577. The sense strand and the
antisense strand may each further comprise a 3' overhang. Also
provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of
any of the above duplexes and a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier.
[0020] An embodiment of the invention provides a recombinant vector
comprising one or more of a nucleotide sequence selected from the
group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and
11, or an analogue thereof.
[0021] Another embodiment provides a method for inhibiting
translation of an mRNA to a polypeptide comprising contacting a
cell capable of expressing a Na.sub.V1.8 mRNA with one or more
isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid comprising a
nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, or an analogue
thereof.
[0022] An alternative embodiment provides a method for inhibiting
expression of a polypeptide comprising contacting a cell capable of
expressing a Na.sub.V1.8 polypeptide with one or more isolated or
recombinant short interfering nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide
sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, or an analogue thereof.
[0023] Another alternative embodiment provides a method for
blocking the Na.sub.V1.8 derived membrane potential in a cell
comprising contacting a cell expressing a Na.sub.V1.8 polypeptide,
with one or more isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic
acid comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, or
an analogue thereof.
[0024] An additional embodiment provides a method for blocking the
Na.sub.V1.8 derived sodium ion flux in a cell comprising contacting
a cell expressing a Na.sub.V1.8 polypeptide with one or more
isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid comprising a
nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID
NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, or an analogue
thereof.
[0025] A further embodiment provides a method for inhibiting
chronic pain comprising administering to a subject in need thereof
an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising one
or more isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid
comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting
of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, or an analogue
thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The above
isolated or recombinant short interfering nucleic acid may further
comprise a 3' overhang.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0026] All publications cited herein are incorporated by reference
in their entirety.
DEFINITIONS
[0027] The term "antisense strand", as used in this application,
means a nucleic acid sequence that is complementary to a sense
strand. The term "chronic pain", as used in this application, is
defined as pain that lasts for a long period of time
[0028] The term "complementary", as defined in this application,
means a nucleotide sequence that exhibits Watson-Crick base pairing
with another nucleotide sequence, i.e., a purine binds to a
pyrimidine. For example, a nucleotide sequence may represent a
sense strand while the complementary nucleotide sequence thereto
may represent the antisense strand.
[0029] The term "duplex", as used herein, means two complementary
nucleic acid sequences that have hybridized, such as a sense strand
and an antisense strand.
[0030] The terms "express", "expresses" and "expression", as used
herein, mean the molecular biological process by which
transcription and translation of a nucleic acid produce a
polypeptide, i.e., the process by which genetic information flows
from genes to proteins, and by which the effects of genes are
manifested.
[0031] The terms "homology" and "homologous" refer to a comparison
between two nucleic acid sequences, such that when the sequences
are aligned and compared, they exhibit similarities. Homology
between two nucleic acid sequences can be determined by sequence
comparison or based upon hybridization conditions. Nucleotide
sequence homology is observed when there is identity in nucleotide
residues in two sequences (or in their complementary strands) when
optimally aligned to account for nucleotide insertions or
deletions. Homology also exists when one nucleotide sequence will
hybridize to another sequence under selective hybridization
conditions. Stringency of conditions employed in hybridizations to
establish homology are dependent upon such factors as salt
concentration, temperature, the presence of organic solvents, and
other parameters.
[0032] The term "knock-down", as used in this application, means to
decrease the level of expression of mRNA, such that translation of
mRNA to protein is diminished.
[0033] The term "knock-out", as defined in this application, means
to prevent expression of mRNA, such that translation of mRNA to
protein does not occur. The term "mRNA", as used herein, means
messenger RNA.
[0034] The term "membrane potential", as used herein, means the
difference in electrical charge across both sides of a cell
membrane.
[0035] The term "pain", as used in this application, means physical
pain, such as an uncomfortable sensation in the body, ranging from
slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, that is usually
the result of disease, injury or stress; or mental pain, such as
uneasiness of the mind, mental distress, anguish, anxiety or
grief.
[0036] The term "RNAi", as used in this application, means RNA
interference, which is a technique used to investigate gene
function by degrading a specific mRNA target in a cell or organism,
thus knocking-out or knocking-down the level of the encoded
protein. This is also referred to as RNA silencing.
[0037] The term "sense strand", as used in this application, means
the coding strand of a nucleic acid.
[0038] The term "siRNA", as used in this application, means either
short or small interfering ribonucleic acid, which is one of the
types of RNA silencing mechanisms of RNA interference.
[0039] The term "short interfering nucleic acid", as defined in
this application, means short interfering stretches of either
deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), ribonucleic acids (RNA) or
combinations of both. The term also includes modifications to the
nucleic acids and non-traditional bases. Preferably, the short
interfering nucleic acid is an siRNA.
[0040] The term "sodium current", as used herein, means the part of
a cell's membrane potential that is due to the effects of sodium
ions.,
[0041] The term "subject" means both human and non-human
animals.
[0042] The term "transfect", as used in this application, means the
introduction of a nucleic acid into a cell, such as through the use
of a virus.
[0043] The term "transcription", as defined in this application,
means the molecular biological process by which a single-stranded
RNA is synthesized from a double-stranded DNA.
[0044] The term "translation", as used in this application, means
the molecular biological process by which a polypeptide is
synthesized from a mRNA.
[0045] The term "treatment", as defined herein, means therapeutic,
prophylactic or suppressive measures for a disease or disorder
leading to any clinically desirable or beneficial effect,
including, but not limited to, alleviation of one or more symptoms,
regression, slowing or cessation of progression of the disease or
disorder.
Na.sub.V1.8 Characterization
[0046] The Na.sub.V1.8 sodium channel comprises an alpha subunit
and at least one beta subunit. The nucleotide sequence of the
complete open reading frame and the corresponding amino acid
sequence of Na.sub.V1.8 are known in the art. For example, both the
nucleic acid and the amino acid sequence for rat Na.sub.V1.8 may be
found in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2, respectively, of U.S. Pat. No.
6,451,554. The nucleic acid sequence and amino acid sequence for
Na.sub.V1.8 and its subunits may also be found in the GenBank.RTM.
database, as shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 GenBank .RTM. No. for GenBank .RTM. No. for
species Nucleic Acid Sequence Amino Acid Sequence rat NM 017247 NP
058943 human AF 117907 AAD 30863
The human Na.sub.V1.8 gene has a high degree of homology,
approximately 82%, with the rat Na.sub.V1.8 gene. Therefore, human
Na.sub.V1.8 short interfering nucleic acids corresponding to rat
Na.sub.V1.8 short interfering nucleic acids that are capable of
knock-down of the rat Na.sub.V1.8 sodium channel are likely to be
effective in the knock-down of the human Na.sub.V1.8 sodium
channel.
Nucleic Acids
[0047] Compositions and methods comprising short interfering
nucleic acids targeted to Na.sub.V1.8 mRNA are advantageously used
to knock-down or knock-out expression of the Na.sub.V1.8 sodium
channel for the treatment of chronic pain. Specifically, the short
interfering nucleic acids of the invention cause RNAi-mediated
destruction of the Na.sub.V1.8 mRNA.
[0048] The Na.sub.V1.8 sodium channel is upregulated in the dorsal
root ganglion in chronic pain states. Therefore, short interfering
nucleic acid sequences capable of knocking-down or knocking-out the
expression of Na.sub.V1.8 mRNA, as well as Na.sub.V1.8 function
should be useful in blocking or treating chronic pain.
[0049] The present invention, therefore, provides isolated or
recombinant short interfering nucleic acids. As used herein, the
term "isolated" means a nucleic acid, such as an RNA or DNA
molecule, or a mixed polymer, which is substantially separated from
other components that are normally found in cells or in recombinant
expression systems. These components include, but are not limited
to, ribosomes, polymerases, serum components, and flanking genomic
sequences. The term thus embraces a short interfering nucleic acid
that has been removed from its naturally occurring environment, and
includes recombinant or cloned short interfering nucleic acid
isolates and chemically synthesized analogs or analogs biologically
synthesized by heterologous systems. A substantially pure molecule
includes isolated forms of the molecule.
[0050] An isolated nucleic acid will generally be a homogeneous
composition of molecules but may, in some embodiments, contain
minor heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity is typically found at the
ends of nucleic acid coding sequences or in regions not critical to
a desired biological function or activity.
[0051] A "recombinant" short interfering nucleic acid is defined
either by its method of production or structure. Some recombinant
nucleic acids are thus made by the use of recombinant DNA
techniques that involve human intervention, either in manipulation
or selection. Others are made by fusing two fragments that are not
naturally contiguous to each other. Engineered vectors are
encompassed, as well as nucleic acids comprising sequences derived
using any synthetic oligonucleotide process.
[0052] The short interfering nucleic acids may be either
single-stranded or double-stranded. A single-stranded short
interfering nucleic acid comprises a sense strand while a
double-stranded short interfering nucleic acid comprises both a
sense strand and an antisense strand. Preferably, the sense and
antisense strands in the double-stranded short interfering nucleic
acids hybridize by standard Watson-Crick base-pairing interactions
to form a duplex or are connected by a single-stranded hairpin
area. It is believed that the hairpin area of the latter type of
siRNA molecule is cleaved intracellularly by the "Dicer" protein,
or its equivalent, to form an siRNA of two individual base-paired
RNA molecules.
[0053] The short interfering nucleic acids may range in length from
17 to 29 nucleotides, preferably 19 to 25 nucleotides, more
preferably 21-23 nucleotides, and most preferably 21
nucleotides.
[0054] Preferably, the short interfering nucleic acid is an siRNA.
That is, all of the nucleotides in the sequence are ribonucleotide
bases.
[0055] However, the present invention also encompasses analogues of
the small interfering nucleic acids. Analogues of short interfering
nucleic acids contain additions, deletions, alterations,
substitutions or modifications of one or more nucleotide bases. For
example, the short interfering nucleic acids can be altered,
substituted or modified to contain one or more deoxyribonucleotide
bases or non-traditional bases or any combination of these.
[0056] Preferably, one or both strands of a short interfering
nucleic acid of the invention comprises a 3' overhang. As used
herein, a "3' overhang" refers to at least one unpaired nucleotide
extending from the 3'-end of a short interfering nucleic acid
strand. The 3' overhang may range from 1 to 6 nucleotides (which
includes ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides), preferably from
1 to 5 nucleotides, more preferably from 1 to 4 nucleotides,
particularly preferably from 2 to 4 nucleotides, and most
preferably 2 nucleotides.
[0057] In another embodiment of the invention, both the sense and
antisense strands of the duplex comprise 3' overhangs. The length
of the overhangs can be the same or different for each strand of
the duplex. Most preferably, a 3' overhang is present on both
strands of the duplex, and the overhang for each strand is 2
nucleotides in length. For example, each strand of the duplex can
comprise 3' overhangs of dithymidylic acid ("tt") or diuridylic
acid ("uu").
[0058] In order to enhance the stability of the short interfering
nucleic acids, the
3' overhangs can also be stabilized against degradation. In one
embodiment, the 3' overhangs are stabilized by including purine
nucleotides, such as adenosine or guanosine nucleotides.
Alternatively, substitution of pyrimidine nucleotides by modified
analogues, e.g., substitution of uridine nucleotides in the 3'
overhangs with 2'-deoxythymidine, is tolerated and does not affect
the efficiency of RNAi degradation. In particular, the absence of a
2' hydroxyl in the 2'-deoxythymidine significantly enhances the
nuclease resistance of the 3' overhang in tissue culture
medium.
[0059] The short interfering nucleic acids are targeted to a
Na.sub.V1.8 target mRNA. As used herein, short interfering nucleic
acids that are "targeted to a Na.sub.V1.8 target mRNA" means either
a single-stranded or double-stranded short interfering nucleic acid
in which the sense strand has a nucleotide sequence that is either
identical or substantially identical to that of a target mRNA and
is capable of inducing RNAi-mediated degradation of the mRNA. Of
course, the antisense strand of a double-stranded siRNA will have a
sequence that is complementary to both the sense strand of the
siRNA and the target mRNA.
[0060] As used herein, a short interfering nucleic acid that is
"substantially identical" to a target sequence is a nucleic acid
sequence that differs from the target sequence by 1-4 nucleotides.
For example, a short interfering nucleic acid may comprise a sense
strand that differs from a target sequence by one, two, three or
four nucleotides, as long as RNAi-mediated degradation of the
target mRNA is induced by the short interfering nucleic acid.
[0061] As used herein, "target mRNA" or "target sequence" means
human Na.sub.V1.8 mRNA, mutant or alternative splice forms of
Na.sub.V1.8 mRNA, or mRNA from cognate Na.sub.V1.8 genes. The term
"mutant", as used herein, means a short interfering nucleic acid
that differs from the target mRNA by having a nucleotide insertion,
nucleotide deletion, nucleotide substitution or nucleotide
modification. Such alterations can include, for example, the:
addition of non-nucleotide material, such as to the end(s) of the
short interfering nucleic acids or to one or more internal
nucleotides of the short interfering nucleic acids; modifications
that make the short interfering nucleic acids resistant to nuclease
digestion; or substitution of one or more nucleotides in the short
interfering nucleic acids with deoxyribonucleotides. The term
"cognate", as used herein, means a nucleic acid from another
mammalian species. It is understood that human Na.sub.V1.8 mRNA may
contain target sequences in common with their respective cognates
or mutants. A single short interfering nucleic acid comprising such
a common targeting sequence can therefore induce RNAi-mediated
degradation of different RNA types that contain the common
targeting sequence.
[0062] The short interfering nucleic acid of the invention can be
targeted to any stretch of approximately 19-25 contiguous
nucleotides in any target mRNA sequence. Techniques for selecting
target sequences for short interfering nucleic acids are known in
the art. In addition, a target sequence on the target mRNA can be
selected from a given cDNA sequence corresponding to the target
mRNA, preferably beginning 50 to 100 nucleotides downstream, i.e.,
in the 3' direction, from the start codon. The target sequence can,
however, be located in the 5' or 3' untranslated regions, or in the
region nearby the start codon. Suitable target sequences in the
Na.sub.V1.8 cDNA sequence are given in Example 1.
[0063] The short interfering nucleic acid of the invention can
comprise partially purified nucleic acid, substantially pure
nucleic acid, synthetic nucleic acid or recombinantly produced
nucleic acid. The term "substantially pure" is defined herein to
mean a short interfering nucleic acid that is free from other
contaminating proteins, nucleic acids, and other biologicals
derived from an original source organism or recombinant DNA
expression system. Purity may be assayed by standard methods and
will typically exceed at least about 50%, preferably at least about
75%, more preferably at least about 90%, and most preferably at
least about 95% purity. The purity evaluation may be made on a mass
or molar basis.
[0064] The short interfering nucleic acids of the invention can be
obtained using any one of a number of techniques known to those of
skill in the art. In addition, the short interfering nucleic acids
may also be synthesized as two separate, complementary nucleic acid
molecules, or as a single nucleic acid molecule with two
complementary regions. For example, the short interfering nucleic
acids of the invention are chemically synthesized using
appropriately protected ribonucleoside phosphoramidites and a
conventional DNA/RNA synthesizer or other well known methods. In
addition, the short interfering nucleic acids may be produced by a
commercial supplier, such as Proligo (Hamburg, Germany), Dharmacon
Research (Lafayette, Colo., USA), Pierce Chemical (part of Perbio
Science, Rockford, Ill., USA), Glen Research (Sterling, Va., USA),
ChemGenes (Ashland, Mass., USA) and Cruachem (Glasgow, UK).
[0065] Alternatively, short interfering nucleic acids may also be
expressed from a recombinant expression vector, such as a circular
or linear DNA plasmid, using any suitable promoter. Recombinant
expression vectors are typically self-replicating DNA or RNA
constructs comprising nucleic acids encoding one of the short
interfering nucleic acids, usually operably linked to suitable
genetic control elements that are capable of regulating expression
of the nucleic acids in compatible host cells. Genetic control
elements may include a prokaryotic promoter system or a eukaryotic
promoter expression control system, and typically include a
transcriptional promoter, an optional operator to control the onset
of transcription, transcription enhancers to elevate the level of
mRNA expression, a sequence that encodes a suitable ribosome
binding site, a translation initiation site, a polyadenylation
site, sequences that terminate transcription and translation.
Expression vectors may also contain an origin of replication that
allows the vector to replicate independently of the host cell, or a
selection gene, such as a gene conferring resistance to an
antibiotic.
[0066] Vectors that could be used in this invention include
microbial plasmids, viruses, bacteriophage, integratable DNA
fragments, and other vehicles that may facilitate integration of
the nucleic acids into the genome of the host. Plasmids are a
commonly used form of vector, but all other forms of vectors that
serve an equivalent function and which are, or become, known in the
art are suitable for use herein. See, e.g., Pouwels et al., Cloning
Vectors: A Laboratory Manual, 1985 and Supplements, Elsevier, N.Y.,
and Rodriguez et al. (eds.), Vectors: A Survey of Molecular Cloning
Vectors and Their Uses, 1988, Buttersworth, Boston, Mass.
[0067] Suitable promoters for expressing short interfering nucleic
acids of the invention from a plasmid include, for example, the U6
promoter, the H1 RNA pol III promoter, and the cytomegalovirus
promoter. Selection of other suitable promoters is within the skill
in the art. The recombinant plasmids of the invention may also
comprise an inducible or regulatable promoter for expression of the
short interfering nucleic acid in a particular tissue or in a
particular intracellular environment.
The short interfering nucleic acid expressed from recombinant
plasmids may either be isolated from cultured cell expression
systems by standard techniques, or can be expressed
intracellularly. The short interfering nucleic acid of the
invention can be expressed from a recombinant plasmid either as two
separate, complementary RNA molecules, or as a single RNA molecule
with two complementary regions. Selection of plasmids suitable for
expressing short interfering nucleic acids of the invention,
methods for inserting nucleic acid sequences for expressing the
short interfering nucleic acids into the plasmid, and methods of
delivering the recombinant plasmid to the cells of interest are
within the skill in the art. See, for example, Tuschl, Nat.
Biotechnol, vol. 20, pp. 446-448 (2002); Brummelkamp et al.,
Science, vol. 296, pp. 550-553 (2002); Miyagishi et al., Nat.
Biotechnol., vol. 20, ppl. 497-500 (2002); Paddison et al., Genes
Dev., vol. 16, pp. 948-958 (2002); Lee et al., Nat. Biotechnol.,
vol. 20, pp. 500-505 (2002); Paul et al., Nat. Biotechnol., vol.
20, pp. 505-508 (2002); and Sui et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. vol
99, 2002, pp 5515-5520).
[0068] By way of example, a plasmid may comprise a sense RNA strand
coding sequence in operable connection with a polyT termination
sequence under the control of a human U6 RNA promoter, and an
antisense RNA strand coding sequence in operable connection with a
polyT termination sequence under the control of a human U6 RNA
promoter.
[0069] As used herein, "in operable connection with" means that the
nucleic acid sequences encoding the sense or antisense strands are
adjacent to another sequence. Preferably, the sequence encoding the
sense or antisense strands are immediately adjacent to the poly T
termination signal in the 5' direction. Therefore, during
transcription of the sense or antisense sequences from the plasmid,
the polyT termination signals act to terminate transcription.
[0070] As used herein, "under the control of a promoter" means that
the nucleic acid sequences encoding the sense or antisense strands
are located 3' of the promoter, so that the promoter can initiate
transcription of the sense or antisense coding sequences.
[0071] Expression of the short interfering nucleic acids can be
carried out by conventional methods in either prokaryotic or
eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes include both gram negative and
positive organisms, e.g., E. coli and B. subtilis. Higher
eukaryotes include established tissue culture cell lines from
animal cells, both of non-mammalian origin, e.g., insect cells, and
birds, and of mammalian origin, e.g., human, primates, and rodents.
Many suitable host cells are known in the art. Preferred host cells
are HEK293 cells and the neuroblastoma/DRG cell line ND7/23.
[0072] The short interfering nucleic acids of the invention may
also be expressed from recombinant viral vectors. The recombinant
viral vectors of the invention comprise sequences encoding the
short interfering nucleic acids of the invention and any suitable
promoter for expressing the short interfering nucleic acid
sequences. Suitable promoters for expressing short interfering
nucleic acids from a viral vector include, for example, the U6
promoter, the H1 RNA pol III promoter, and the cytomegalovirus
promoter. Selection of other suitable promoters is within the skill
in the art. The recombinant viral vectors of the invention can also
comprise inducible or regulatable promoters for expression of the
short interfering nucleic acids in a particular tissue or in a
particular intracellular environment. The use of recombinant viral
vectors to deliver short interfering nucleic acids of the invention
to cells in vivo is discussed in more detail in Example 5.
[0073] The short interfering nucleic acids of the invention can be
expressed from a recombinant viral vector either as two separate,
complementary nucleic acid molecules, or as a single nucleic acid
molecule with two complementary regions.
[0074] Any viral vector capable of accepting the coding sequences
for the short interfering nucleic acid molecule(s) to be expressed
can be used, such as, vectors derived from adenovirus (AV),
adeno-associated virus (AAV), retroviruses, herpes virus, and the
like. In addition, the tropism of the viral vectors may also be
modified by pseudotyping the vectors with envelope proteins or
other surface antigens from other viruses.
[0075] Selection of recombinant viral vectors suitable for use in
the invention, methods for inserting nucleic acid sequences for
expressing the short interfering nucleic acids into the vector, and
methods of delivering the viral vector to the cells of interest are
within the skill in the art. See, for example, Dornberq, Gene
Therap., vol. 2, pp. 301-310 (1995); Eglitis, Biotechniques, vol.
6, pp. 608-614 (1988); Miller, Hum Gene Therap., vol. 1, pp. 5-14
(1990); and Anderson, Nature, vol. 392, pp. 25-30 (1998).
[0076] Preferred viral vectors are those derived from adenovirus
and adeno-associated virus. In a particularly preferred embodiment,
a short interfering nucleic acid of the invention is expressed as a
single-stranded nucleic acid molecule from a recombinant adenoviral
vector comprising the U6 promoter. Preferred viral vectors are also
herpes viral vectors. See for e.g., Burton, E. A. et al., (2005)
Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. Aug: 7(4):326-36 and Yeomans D. D. et al.
(2005)--Hum Gene Therap Feb:16(2):271-7. By way of example, and not
limitation, the expressed single stranded nucleic acid molecule can
comprise two complementary regions connected by a single stranded
hairpin area. The single stranded nucleic acid molecule can further
comprise a 3' overhang.
In Vitro and In Vivo Methods
[0077] The ability of a short interfering nucleic acid to cause
RNAi-mediated degradation of the target mRNA can be evaluated using
standard techniques for measuring the levels of RNA or protein in
cells. For example, short interfering nucleic acids may be
delivered to cultured cells, and the levels of target mRNA can be
measured by Northern blot, dot-blotting techniques, or by
quantitative RT-PCR. Alternatively, the levels of Na.sub.V1.8
protein in the cultured cells can be measured by ELISA or Western
blot. A suitable cell culture system for measuring the effect of
the present short interfering nucleic acids on target mRNA or
protein levels is described in Example 2 below.
[0078] As discussed above, the short interfering nucleic acids of
the invention targets and causes the RNAi-mediated degradation of
Na.sub.V1.8 mRNA, or alternative splice forms, mutants or cognates
thereof. Degradation of the target mRNA by the present short
interfering nucleic acids reduces the production of a functional
gene product from the Na.sub.V1.8 gene. Thus, the invention
provides a method of inhibiting expression of Na.sub.V1.8 in a
subject, a method for inhibiting translation of an mRNA, a method
for inhibiting expression of a polypeptide, a method for blocking
the Na.sub.V1.8 derived membrane potential in a cell, and a method
for blocking the Na.sub.V1.8 derived sodium current in a cell. In
the methods of the invention, blocking includes, but is not limited
to an abolition or reduction in the Na.sub.V1.8 derived membrane
potential or the Na.sub.V1.8 derived sodium current Although these
methods are more thoroughly detailed in the Examples, they all
share a few common characterisitics.
[0079] A step of each of the above methods involves contacting a
cell with a short interfering nucleic acid. In vivo, the contacting
step involves administering a short interfering nucleic acid in a
pharmaceutical composition to a subject. In vitro, the contacting
step involves bringing the cell and short interfering nucleic acid
into close physical proximity such that the cell and the short
interfering nucleic acid may contact each other. This contacting
step will allow the short interfering nucleic acid to enter the
cell and cause RNAi-induced degradation of mRNA from the
Na.sub.V1.8 sodium channel gene.
[0080] Preferably, the contacting step utilizes the short
interfering nucleic acids of SEQ ID NOs: 1-11. The short
interfering nucleic acids of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 11 are
preferable. The short interfering nucleic acids of SEQ ID NOs: 2
and 5 are more preferable. The short interfering nucleic acids of
SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 3 are the most preferable. One or more of the
short interfering nucleic acids of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, and 11 can also be utilized in the methods of the
invention. By way of example, and not limitation, one or more of
the short interfering nucleic acids of SEQ ID NOs; 1, 2, 3, 5, 10
and 11 can be used in the methods of the invention. Furthermore, in
the practice of the present methods, it is understood that more
than one short interfering nucleic acids of the invention can be
administered simultaneously or sequentially to a cell or to a
subject. This invention further provides the short interfering
nucleic acids of the invention complexed with one or more proteins
and/or target nucleic acid and a cell comprising one or more short
interfering nucleic acids of the invention.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0081] The short interfering nucleic acids and siRNAs of the
present invention can be used therapeutically to treat chronic
pain. Various compounds of the present invention may be
incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions. For example, a
pharmaceutical composition may comprise a single-stranded short
interfering nucleic acid, a single-stranded short interfering
nucleic acid that has a 3' overhang, a double-stranded short
interfering nucleic acid, or a double-stranded short interfering
nucleic acid wherein each strand has a 3' overhang. Preferably, the
pharmaceutical composition comprises the short interfering nucleic
acids of SEQ ID NOs: 1-11. The short interfering nucleic acids of
SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 5 are more preferable, while the short
interfering nucleic acids of SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 3 are the most
preferable. One or more of the short interfering nucleic acids of
SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 can also be
utilized in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention. By
way of example, and not limitation, one or more of the short
interfering nucleic acids of SEQ ID NOs; 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 11 can
be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.
[0082] Typical protocols for the therapeutic administration of such
substances are well known in the art. Although the compositions of
the present invention may be administered in simple solution, they
are more typically administered in combination with other
materials, such as carriers, preferably pharmaceutical acceptable
carriers. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" means any
compatible, non-toxic substance that is suitable for delivering the
compositions of the invention to a subject. For example, sterile
water, alcohol, fats, waxes, and inert solids may be included in a
carrier. Pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants, such as buffering
agents and dispersing agents, may also be incorporated into the
pharmaceutical composition. Generally, compositions useful for
parenteral administration of such drugs are well known; e.g.
Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, 17th Ed. (Mack Publishing
Company, Easton, Pa., 1990).
[0083] Therapeutic formulations may be administered. Formulations
typically comprise at least one active ingredient, together with
one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Formulations may
include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, transdermal, or
parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and
intradermal) administration. The formulations may conveniently be
presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any methods
well known in the art of pharmacy. See, e.g., Gilman et al. (eds.)
(1990), The Pharmacological Bases of Therapeutics, 8th Ed.,
Pergamon Press; and Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, supra,
Easton, Pa.; Avis et al. (eds.) (1993) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms:
Parenteral Medications Dekker, New York; Lieberman et al. (eds.)
(1990) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets Dekker, New York; and
Lieberman et al. (eds.) (1990), Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms:
Disperse Systems Dekker, New York.
[0084] By way of example, any of the short interfering nucleic
acids or vectors of the invention may be deliverable transdermally.
The transdermal compositions may take the form of creams, lotions,
aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal
patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the
art for this purpose. See, e.g. Remington's Pharmaceutical Science,
17th Ed. (Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1990).
[0085] The dosage regimen involved in a therapeutic application
will be determined by the attending physician, considering various
factors that may modify the action of the therapeutic substance,
e.g., the condition, body weight, sex and diet of the patient, the
severity of any infection, time of administration, and other
clinical factors. Often, treatment dosages are titrated upward from
a low level to optimize safety and efficacy. Generally, daily
dosages will fall within a range of 100-500 .mu.g per kilogram of
body weight. Typically, the dosage range will be 150-250 .mu.g per
kilogram of body weight. Preferably, the dosage will be 200 .mu.g
per kilogram of body weight. Dosages may be adjusted to account for
the smaller molecular sizes and possibly decreased half-lives
(clearance times) following administration. An "effective amount"
of a composition of the invention is an amount that will ameliorate
chronic pain in a subject.
[0086] Chronic pain may include one or more of the following
characteristics: pain present for about three or more months, pain
that is not fully relieved by routine medical management or pain
that continues beyond a normal recovery period. Examples of chronic
pain include, but are not limited to, chronic neuropathic pain and
chronic inflammatory pain. Examples of chronic neuropathic and/or
chronic inflammatory conditions, include, but are not limited to,
post-herpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic neuropathy,
radiculopathy, nerve compression injuries (e.g., carpal tunnel
syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia, tumor-related nerve compressions),
upper and low back pain (e.g., arising from disc herniation
injuries, ankylosing spondylitis or cases of unknown pathology),
complex regional pain syndromes types I and II, nerve trauma pain
(e.g., phantom-limb pain, other painful conditions resulting from
limb amputation), nerve-root avulsion injuries, HIV-associated
pain, neuropathies arising from chemotherapeutic strategies,
retinopathies, sciatica, hyperalgesia, hyperpathia and ongoing
burning pain (e.g., wound-associated pain, including, but not
limited to post-operative pain), joint pain, rheumatoid and
osteoarthritis pain, fibromyalgia, burn pain, neuritis, sciatica,
tendonitis, bone pain, migraine pain, urinogenital pain and
neuropathic conditions attributed to bladder hyperreflexia.
EXAMPLES
[0087] The present invention may be better understood by reference
to the following non-limiting examples, which are provided as
exemplary of the invention. The following examples are presented in
order to more fully illustrate the invention, and should in no way
be construed as limiting the broad scope of the invention. Unless
otherwise indicated, percentages given below for solids in solid
mixtures, liquids in liquids, and solids in liquids are on a wt/wt,
vol/vol and wt/vol basis, respectively. Sterile conditions were
generally maintained during cell culture.
Materials and General Methods
[0088] Standard molecular biological methods were used, as
described, e.g., in Maniatis et al., Molecular Cloning: A
Laboratory Manual, 1982, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring
Harbor Press; Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory
Manual, (2d ed.), Vols 1-3, 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Press, NY;
Ausubel et al., Biology, Greene Publishing Associates, Brooklyn,
N.Y.; or Ausubel, et al. (1987 and Supplements), Current Protocols
in Molecular Biology, Greene/Wiley, New York; and Innis et al.
(eds.) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, 1990,
Academic Press, N.Y.
Example 1
[0089] This example illustrates the design of siRNAs against
Na.sub.V1.8. Putative siRNA sequences against both rat and human
Na.sub.V1.8 coding sequences were identified using Tuschl's
prediction rules. See Tuschl et al., "Targeted mRNA degradation by
double-stranded RNA in vitro", Genes Dev., vol. 13, no. 24, pp.
3191-3197 (Dec. 15, 1999); and Elbashir et al., "Duplexes of
21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian
cells", Nature, vol. 411, pp. 494-498 (2001). Table 2 identifies
putative siRNA sequences against the human Na.sub.V1.8 coding
sequence. Also shown are the target sequences, the position of each
target sequence in the gene, and the percentage of guanine/cytosine
in the target sequence. Table 3 identifies putative siRNA sequences
against the rat Na.sub.V1.8 coding sequence. Also shown are the
target sequences and the position of each target sequence in the
gene.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Human PN3 siRNAs position Target Target
sequence in gene % GC 1 AATTCCCCATTGGATCCCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 12) 5
52.4 2 AAACTAACAACTTCCGTCGCT (SEQ ID NO: 13) 26 42.9 3
AACAACTTCCGTCGCTTTACT (SEQ ID NO: 14) 31 42.9 4
AACTTCCGTCGCTTTACTCCG (SEQ ID NO: 15) 34 52.4 5
AAGCAAATTGCTGCCAAGCAG (SEQ ID NO: 16) 76 47.6 6
AAATTGCTGCCAAGCAGGGAA (SEQ ID NO: 17) 80 47.6 7
AAGCAGGGAACAAAGAAAGCC (SEQ ID NO: 18) 91 47.6 8
AACAAAGAAAGCCAGAGAGAA (SEQ ID NO: 19) 99 38.1 9
AAAGAAAGCCAGAGAGAAGCA (SEQ ID NO: 20) 102 42.9 10
AAAGCCAGAGAGAAGCATAGG (SEQ ID NO: 21) 106 47.6 11
AAGCATAGGGAGCAGAAGGAC (SEQ ID NO: 22) 118 52.4 12
AAGGACCAAGAAGAGAAGCCT (SEQ ID NO: 23) 133 47.6 13
AAGAAGAGAAGCCTCGGCCCC (SEQ ID NO: 24) 140 61.9 14
AAGAGAAGCCTCGGCCCCAGC (SEQ ID NO: 25) 143 66.7 15
AAGCCTCGGCCCCAGCTGGAC (SEQ ID NO: 26) 148 71.4 16
AAAGCCTGCAACCAGCTGCCC (SEQ ID NO: 27) 172 61.9 17
AACCAGCTGCCCAAGTTCTAT (SEQ ID NO: 28) 181 47.6 18
AAGTTCTATGGTGAGCTCCCA (SEQ ID NO: 29) 193 47.6 19
AACTGATCGGGGAGCCCCTGG (SEQ ID NO: 30) 218 66.7 20
AACAAAGGGAGGACCATTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 31) 286 47.6 21
AAAGGGAGGACCATTTCCCGG (SEQ ID NO: 32) 289 57.1 22
AACCTGATCAGAAGAACGGCC (SEQ ID NO: 33) 349 52.4 23
AAGAACGGCCATCAAAGTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 34) 360 47.6 24
AACGGCCATCAAAGTGTCTGT (SEQ ID NO: 35) 363 47.6 25
AAAGTGTCTGTCCACTCGTGG (SEQ ID NO: 36) 373 52.4 26
AATTGTGTGTGCATGACCCGA (SEQ ID NO: 37) 427 47.6 27
AACTGACCTTCCAGAGAAAAT (SEQ ID NO: 38) 447 38.1 28
AAAATTGAATATGTCTTCACT (SEQ ID NO: 39) 463 23.8 29
AATTGAATATGTCTTCACTGT (SEQ ID NO: 40) 465 28.6 30
AATATGTCTTCACTGTCATTT (SEQ ID NO: 41) 470 28.6 31
AAGCCTTGATAAAGATACTGG (SEQ ID NO: 42) 500 38.1 32
AAAGATACTGGCAAGAGGATT (SEQ ID NO: 43) 510 38.1 33
AAGAGGATTTTGTCTAAATGA (SEQ ID NO: 44) 522 28.6 34
AAATGAGTTCACGTACCTGAG (SEQ ID NO: 45) 537 42.9 35
AACTGGCTGGATTTTAGCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 46) 568 47.6 36
AATAGATCTCCGTGGGATCTC (SEQ ID NO: 47) 615 47.6 37
AAAAACAGTTTCTGTGATCCC (SEQ ID NO: 48) 669 38.1 38
AAACAGTTTCTGTGATCCCAG (SEQ ID NO: 49) 671 42.9 39
AAGGTCATTGTGGGGGCCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 50) 697 61.9 40
AAGAAACTGGCTGATGTGACC (SEQ ID NO: 51) 730 47.6 41
AAACTGGCTGATGTGACCATC (SEQ ID NO: 52) 733 47.6 42
AAGTGTTTTTGCCTTGGTGGG (SEQ ID NO: 53) 771 47.6 43
AACTCTTCAAGGGCAACCTCA (SEQ ID NO: 54) 797 47.6 44
AAGGGCAACCTCAAAAATAAA (SEQ ID NO: 55) 805 33.3 45
AACCTCAAAAATAAATGTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 56) 811 28.6 46
AAAAATAAATGTGTCAAGAAT (SEQ ID NO: 57) 817 19 47
AAATAAATGTGTCAAGAATGA (SEQ ID NO: 58) 819 23.8 48
AAATGTGTCAAGAATGACATG (SEQ ID NO: 59) 823 33.3 49
AAGAATGACATGGCTGTCAAT (SEQ ID NO: 60) 832 38.1 50
AATGACATGGCTGTCAATGAG (SEQ ID NO: 61) 835 42.9 51
AATGAGACAACCAACTACTCA (SEQ ID NO: 62) 850 38.1 52
AACCAACTACTCATCTCACAG (SEQ ID NO: 63) 858 42.9 53
AACTACTCATCTCACAGAAAA (SEQ ID NO: 64) 862 33.3 54
AAAACCAGATATCTACATAAA (SEQ ID NO: 65) 879 23.8 55
AACCAGATATCTACATAAATA (SEQ ID NO: 66) 881 23.8 56
AAATAAGCGAGGCACTTCTGA (SEQ ID NO: 67) 897 42.9 57
AAGCGAGGCACTTCTGACCCC (SEQ ID NO: 68) 901 61.9 58
AATGGATCTGACTCAGGCCAC (SEQ ID NO: 69) 934 52.4 59
AAAACTTCTGACAACCCGGAT (SEQ ID NO: 70) 979 42.9 60
AACTTCTGACAACCCGGATTT (SEQ ID NO: 71) 981 42.9 61
AACCCGGATTTTAACTACACC (SEQ ID NO: 72) 991 42.9 62
AACTACACCAGCTTTGATTCC (SEQ ID NO: 73) 1003 42.9 63
AACGCCTCTACCAGCAGACCC (SEQ ID NO: 74) 1076 61.9 64
AAAATCTATATGATCTTTTTT (SEQ ID NO: 75) 1111 14.3 65
AATCTATATGATCTTTTTTGT (SEQ ID NO: 76) 1113 19 66
AATCTTCCTGGGATCTTTCTA (SEQ ID NO: 77) 1140 38.1 67
AACTTGATCTTGGCTGTAGTC (SEQ ID NO: 78) 1168 42.9 68
AACCAGGCAACCACTGATGAA (SEQ ID NO: 79) 1210 47.6 69
AACCACTGATGAAATTGAAGC (SEQ ID NO: 80) 1218 38.1 70
AAATTGAAGCAAAGGAGAAGA (SEQ ID NO: 81) 1229 33.3 71
AAGCAAAGGAGAAGAAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 82) 1235 42.9 72
AAAGGAGAAGAAGTTCCAGGA (SEQ ID NO: 83) 1239 42.9 73
AAGAAGTTCCAGGAGGCCCTC (SEQ ID NO: 84) 1246 57.1 74
AAGTTCCAGGAGGCCCTCGAG (SEQ ID NO: 85) 1249 61.9 75
AAGGAGCAGGAGGTGCTAGCA (SEQ ID NO: 86) 1279 57.1 76
AACCTCTCTCCACTCCCACAA (SEQ ID NO: 87) 1317 52.4 77
AATGGATCACCTTTAACCTCC (SEQ ID NO: 88) 1336 42.9 78
AACCTCCAAAAATGCCAGTGA (SEQ ID NO: 89) 1350 42.9 79
AAAAATGCCAGTGAGAGAAGG (SEQ ID NO: 90) 1357 42.9 80
AAATGCCAGTGAGAGAAGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 91) 1359 47.6 81
AAGGCATAGAATAAAGCCAAG (SEQ ID NO: 92) 1374 38.1 82
AATAAAGCCAAGAGTGTCAGA (SEQ ID NO: 93) 1383 38.1 83
AAAGCCAAGAGTGTCAGAGGG (SEQ ID NO: 94) 1386 52.4 84
AAGAGTGTCAGAGGGCTCCAC (SEQ ID NO: 95) 1392 57.1 85
AAGACAACAAATCACCCCGCT (SEQ ID NO: 96) 1415 47.6 86
AACAAATCACCCCGCTCTGAT (SEQ ID NO: 97) 1420 47.6 87
AAATCACCCCGCTCTGATCCT (SEQ ID NO: 98) 1423 52.4 88
AACCAGCGCAGGATGTCTTTT (SEQ ID NO: 99) 1447 47.6 89
AAAACGCCGGGCTAGTCATGG (SEQ ID NO: 100) 1485 57.1 90
AACGCCGGGCTAGTCATGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 101) 1487 61.9 91
AAAGCCATCGGGGCTCTCTGC (SEQ ID NO: 102) 1592 61.9 92
AAGGCCCCCTCCCTAGAAGCC (SEQ ID NO: 103) 1637 66.7 93
AAGCCCTCTTCCTCAACCCAG (SEQ ID NO: 104) 1653 57.1 94
AACCCAGCAACCCTGACTCCA (SEQ ID NO: 105) 1667 57.1 95
AACCCTGACTCCAGGCATGGA (SEQ ID NO: 106) 1675 57.1 96
AAGATGAACACCAACCGCCGC (SEQ ID NO: 107) 1697 57.1 97
AACACCAACCGCCGCCCACTA (SEQ ID NO: 108) 1703 61.9 98
AACCGCCGCCCACTAGTGAGC (SEQ ID NO: 109) 1709 66.7 99
AAAAGAAGACTTTCTTGTCAG (SEQ ID NO: 110) 1772 33.3 100
AAGAAGACTTTCTTGTCAGCA (SEQ ID NO: 111) 1774 38.1 101
AAGACTTTCTTGTCAGCAGAA (SEQ ID NO: 112) 1777 38.1 102
AATACTTAGATGAACCTTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 113) 1796 33.3 103
AACCTTTCCGGGCCCAAAGGG (SEQ ID NO: 114) 1808 61.9 104
AAAGGGCAATGAGTGTTGTCA (SEQ ID NO: 115) 1823 42.9 105
AATGAGTGTTGTCAGTATCAT (SEQ ID NO: 116) 1830 33.3 106
AACCTCCGTCCTTGAGGAACT (SEQ ID NO: 117) 1851 52.4 107
AACTCGAGGAGTCTGAACAGA (SEQ ID NO: 118) 1868 47.6 108
AACAGAAGTGCCCACCCTGCT (SEQ ID NO: 119) 1883 57.1 109
AAGTGCCCACCCTGCTTGACC (SEQ ID NO: 120) 1888 61.9 110
AAGTATCTGATCTGGGATTGC (SEQ ID NO: 121) 1921 42.9 111
AAGCTCAAGACAATTCTCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 122) 1957 33.3 112
AAGACAATTCTCTTTGGGCTT (SEQ ID NO: 123) 1963 38.1 113
AATTCTCTTTGGGCTTGTGAC (SEQ ID NO: 124) 1968 42.9 114
AACACCATCTTCATGGCCATG (SEQ ID NO: 125) 2032 47.6 115
AAGCCATGCTCCAGATAGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 126) 2081 52.4 116
AACATCGTCTTTACCATATTT (SEQ ID NO: 127) 2101 28.6 117
AAATGGTCTTCAAAATCATTG (SEQ ID NO: 128) 2132 28.6 118
AAAATCATTGCCTTCGACCCA (SEQ ID NO: 129) 2143 42.9 119
AATCATTGCCTTCGACCCATA (SEQ ID NO: 130) 2145 42.9 120
AAGAAGTGGAATATCTTTGAC (SEQ ID NO: 131) 2179 33.3 121
AAGTGGAATATCTTTGACTGC (SEQ ID NO: 132) 2182 38.1 122
AATATCTTTGACTGCATCATC (SEQ ID NO: 133) 2188 33.3
123 AAGAAGGGAAGCCTGTCTGTG (SEQ ID NO: 134) 2242 52.4 124
AAGGGAAGCCTGTCTGTGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 135) 2245 57.1 125
AAGCCTGTCTGTGCTGCGGAG (SEQ ID NO: 136) 2250 61.9 126
AAGCTGGCCAAATCCTGGCCC (SEQ ID NO: 137) 2293 61.9 127
AAATCCTGGCCCACCTTAAAC (SEQ ID NO: 138) 2302 47.6 128
AAACACACTCATCAAGATCAT (SEQ ID NO: 139) 2319 33.3 129
AAGATCATCGGAAACTCAGTG (SEQ ID NO: 140) 2332 42.9 130
AAACTCAGTGGGGGCACTGGG (SEQ ID NO: 141) 2343 61.9 131
AACCTCACCATCATCCTGGCC (SEQ ID NO: 142) 2365 57.1 132
AAGCAGCTCCTAGGGGAAAAC (SEQ ID NO: 143) 2416 52.4 133
AAAACTACCGTAACAACCGAA (SEQ ID NO: 144) 2432 38.1 134
AACTACCGTAACAACCGAAAA (SEQ ID NO: 145) 2434 38.1 135
AACAACCGAAAAAATATCTCC (SEQ ID NO: 146) 2443 33.3 136
AACCGAAAAAATATCTCCGCG (SEQ ID NO: 147) 2446 42.9 137
AAAAAATATCTCCGCGCCCCA (SEQ ID NO: 148) 2451 47.6 138
AAAATATCTCCGCGCCCCATG (SEQ ID NO: 149) 2453 52.4 139
AATATCTCCGCGCCCCATGAA (SEQ ID NO: 150) 2455 52.4 140
AAGACTGGCCCCGCTGGCACA (SEQ ID NO: 151) 2474 66.7 141
AACATGTGGGCCTGCATGGAA (SEQ ID NO: 152) 2557 52.4 142
AAGTTGGCCAAAAATCCATAT (SEQ ID NO: 153) 2576 33.3 143
AAAAATCCATATGCCTCATCC (SEQ ID NO: 154) 2585 38.1 144
AAATCCATATGCCTCATCCTT (SEQ ID NO: 155) 2587 38.1 145
AACCTGGTGGTGCTTAACCTG (SEQ ID NO: 156) 2632 52.4 146
AACCTGTTCATCGCCCTGCTA (SEQ ID NO: 157) 2647 52.4 147
AACTCTTTCAGTGCTGACAAC (SEQ ID NO: 158) 2671 42.9 148
AACCTCACAGCCCCGGAGGAC (SEQ ID NO: 159) 2689 66.7 149
AACAACCTGCAGGTGGCCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 160) 2722 61.9 150
AACCTGCAGGTGGCCCTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 161) 2725 66.7 151
AAACAGGCTCTTTGCAGCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 162) 2773 47.6 152
AAGGCAGAGCCTGAGCTGGTG (SEQ ID NO: 163) 2824 61.9 153
AAACTCCCACTCTCCAGCTCC (SEQ ID NO: 164) 2848 57.1 154
AAGGCTGAGAACCACATTGCT (SEQ ID NO: 165) 2869 47.6 155
AACCACATTGCTGCCAACACT (SEQ ID NO: 166) 2878 47.6 156
AACACTGCCAGGGGGAGCTCT (SEQ ID NO: 167) 2893 61.9 157
AAGCTCCCAGAGGCCCCAGGG (SEQ ID NO: 168) 2924 71.4 158
AATCCGACTGTGTGGGTCTCT (SEQ ID NO: 169) 2968 52.4 159
AATCTGATCTTGATGACTTGG (SEQ ID NO: 170) 3008 38.1 160
AAGATGCTCAGAGCTTCCAGC (SEQ ID NO: 171) 3044 52.4 161
AAGTGATCCCCAAAGGACAGC (SEQ ID NO: 172) 3068 52.4 162
AAAGGACAGCAGGAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 173) 3079 57.1 163
AAGTCGAGAGGTGTGGGGACC (SEQ ID NO: 174) 3104 61.9 164
AACATCTTCTGAGGACCTGGC (SEQ ID NO: 175) 3153 52.4 165
AAAGATGAGTCTGTTCCTCAG (SEQ ID NO: 176) 3196 42.9 166
AAGCTCCTCTGAGGGCAGCAC (SEQ ID NO: 177) 3243 61.9 167
AAATCCTGAGGAAGATCCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 178) 3287 47.6 168
AAGATCCCTGAGCTGGCAGAT (SEQ ID NO: 179) 3298 52.4 169
AAGAACCAGATGACTGCTTCA (SEQ ID NO: 180) 3326 42.9 170
AACCAGATGACTGCTTCACAG (SEQ ID NO: 181) 3329 47.6 171
AAGGATGCATTCGCCACTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 182) 3350 52.4 172
AAACTGGATACCACCAAGAGT (SEQ ID NO: 183) 3379 42.9 173
AAGAGTCCATGGGATGTGGGC (SEQ ID NO: 184) 3394 57.1 174
AAGACTTGCTACCGTATCGTG (SEQ ID NO: 185) 3427 47.6 175
AAGACTATTACCTGGACCAGA (SEQ ID NO: 186) 3515 42.9 176
AAGCCCACGGTGAAAGCTTTG (SEQ ID NO: 187) 3535 52.4 177
AAAGCTTTGCTGGAGTACACT (SEQ ID NO: 188) 3547 42.9 178
AAGTGGGTGGCCTATGGCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 189) 3610 57.1 179
AAAAAGTACTTCACCAATGCC (SEQ ID NO: 190) 3631 38.1 180
AAAGTACTTCACCAATGCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 191) 3633 42.9 181
AATGCCTGGTGCTGGCTGGAC (SEQ ID NO: 192) 3646 61.9 182
AATATCTCACTGATAAGTCTC (SEQ ID NO: 193) 3679 33.3 183
AAGTCTCACAGCGAAGATTCT (SEQ ID NO: 194) 3693 42.9 184
AAGATTCTGGAATATTCTGAA (SEQ ID NO: 195) 3706 28.6 185
AATATTCTGAAGTGGCTCCCA (SEQ ID NO: 196) 3716 42.9 186
AAGTGGCTCCCATCAAAGCCC (SEQ ID NO: 197) 3725 57.1 187
AAAGCCCTTCGAACCCTTCGC (SEQ ID NO: 198) 3739 57.1 188
AACCCTTCGCGCTCTGCGGCC (SEQ ID NO: 199) 3750 71.4 189
AAGGCATGCGGGTGGTGGTGG (SEQ ID NO: 200) 3794 66.7 190
AATGTCCTCCTCGTCTGCCTC (SEQ ID NO: 201) 3847 57.1 191
AACCTCTTCGCAGGGAAGTTT (SEQ ID NO: 202) 3901 47.6 192
AAGTTTTGGAGGTGCATCAAC (SEQ ID NO: 203) 3916 42.9 193
AACTATACCGATGGAGAGTTT (SEQ ID NO: 204) 3934 38.1 194
AATAACAAGTCTGACTGCAAG (SEQ ID NO: 205) 3979 38.1 195
AACAAGTCTGACTGCAAGATT (SEQ ID NO: 206) 3982 38.1 196
AAGTCTGACTGCAAGATTCAA (SEQ ID NO: 207) 3985 38.1 197
AAGATTCAAAACTCCACTGGC (SEQ ID NO: 208) 3997 42.9 198
AAAACTCCACTGGCAGCTTCT (SEQ ID NO: 209) 4004 47.6 199
AACTCCACTGGCAGCTTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 210) 4006 52.4 200
AATGTGAAAGTCAACTTTGAT (SEQ ID NO: 211) 4033 28.6 201
AAAGTCAACTTTGATAATGTT (SEQ ID NO: 212) 4039 23.8 202
AACTTTGATAATGTTGCAATG (SEQ ID NO: 213) 4045 28.6 203
AATGTTGCAATGGGTTACCTT (SEQ ID NO: 214) 4054 38.1 204
AATGGGTTACCTTGCACTTCT (SEQ ID NO: 215) 4062 42.9 205
AACCTTTAAAGGCTGGATGGA (SEQ ID NO: 216) 4092 42.9 206
AAAGGCTGGATGGACATTATG (SEQ ID NO: 217) 4099 42.9 207
AACATGCAACCCAAGTGGGAG (SEQ ID NO: 218) 4147 52.4 208
AACCCAAGTGGGAGGACAACG (SEQ ID NO: 219) 4154 57.1 209
AAGTGGGAGGACAACGTGTAC (SEQ ID NO: 220) 4159 52.4 210
AACGTGTACATGTATTTGTAC (SEQ ID NO: 221) 4171 33.3 211
AATCTCTTTGTTGGGGTCATA (SEQ ID NO: 222) 4231 38.1 212
AATTGACAACTTCAATCAACA (SEQ ID NO: 223) 4251 28.6 213
AACTTCAATCAACAGAAAAAA (SEQ ID NO: 224) 4258 23.8 214
AATCAACAGAAAAAAAAGTTA (SEQ ID NO: 225) 4264 19 215
AACAGAAAAAAAAGTTAGGGG (SEQ ID NO: 226) 4268 33.3 216
AAAAAAAAGTTAGGGGGCCAG (SEQ ID NO: 227) 4273 42.9 217
AAAAAAGTTAGGGGGCCAGGA (SEQ ID NO: 228) 4275 47.6 218
AAAAGTTAGGGGGCCAGGACA (SEQ ID NO: 229) 4277 52.4 219
AAGTTAGGGGGCCAGGACATC (SEQ ID NO: 230) 4279 57.1 220
AAGAAATACTACAATGCCATG (SEQ ID NO: 231) 4318 33.3 221
AAATACTACAATGCCATGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 232) 4321 33.3 222
AATGCCATGAAGAAGTTGGGC (SEQ ID NO: 233) 4330 47.6 223
AAGAAGTTGGGCTCCAAGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 234) 4339 47.6 224
AAGTTGGGCTCCAAGAAGCCC (SEQ ID NO: 235) 4342 57.1 225
AAGAAGCCCCAGAAGCCCATC (SEQ ID NO: 236) 4354 57.1 226
AAGCCCCAGAAGCCCATCCCA (SEQ ID NO: 237) 4357 61.9 227
AAGCCCATCCCACGGCCCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 238) 4366 71.4 228
AACAAGTTCCAGGGTTTTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 239) 4387 42.9 229
AAGTTCCAGGGTTTTGTCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 240) 4390 38.1 230
AAGCTTTTGACATCACCATCA (SEQ ID NO: 241) 4427 38.1 231
AACATGATCACCATGATGGTG (SEQ ID NO: 242) 4465 42.9 232
AAAGTGAAGAAAAGACGAAAA (SEQ ID NO: 243) 4499 28.6 233
AAGAAAAGACGAAAATTCTGG (SEQ ID NO: 244) 4505 33.3 234
AAAAGACGAAAATTCTGGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 245) 4508 38.1 235
AAGACGAAAATTCTGGGCAAA (SEQ ID NO: 246) 4510 38.1 236
AAAATTCTGGGCAAAATCAAC (SEQ ID NO: 247) 4516 33.3 237
AATTCTGGGCAAAATCAACCA (SEQ ID NO: 248) 4518 38.1 238
AAAATCAACCAGTTCTTTGTG (SEQ ID NO: 249) 4528 33.3 239
AATCAACCAGTTCTTTGTGGC (SEQ ID NO: 250) 4530 42.9 240
AACCAGTTCTTTGTGGCCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 251) 4534 52.4 241
AATGTGTCATGAAGATGTTCG (SEQ ID NO: 252) 4565 38.1 242
AAGATGTTCGCTTTGAGGCAG (SEQ ID NO: 253) 4576 47.6 243
AAATGGCTGGAATGTGTTTGA (SEQ ID NO: 254) 4608 38.1 244
AATGTGTTTGACTTCATTGTG (SEQ ID NO: 255) 4618 33.3 245
AATTCTTAAGTCACTTCAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 256) 4674 28.6 246
AAGTCACTTCAAAGTTACTTC (SEQ ID NO: 257) 4681 33.3 247
AAAGTTACTTCTCCCCAACGC (SEQ ID NO: 258) 4691 47.6 248
AACGCTCTTCAGAGTCATCCG (SEQ ID NO: 259) 4707 52.4
249 AATTGGCCGCATCCTCAGACT (SEQ ID NO: 260) 4737 52.4 250
AAGGGGATCCGCACACTGCTC (SEQ ID NO: 261) 4771 61.9 251
AACATCGGGCTGTTGCTATTC (SEQ ID NO: 262) 4825 47.6 252
AACTTCCAGACCTTCGCCAAC (SEQ ID NO: 263) 4927 52.4 253
AACAGCATGCTGTGCCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 264) 4945 52.4 254
AACACAGGGCCCCCCTACTGT (SEQ ID NO: 265) 5014 61.9 255
AATCTGCCCAACAGCAATGGC (SEQ ID NO: 266) 5041 52.4 256
AACAGCAATGGCACCAGAGGG (SEQ ID NO: 267) 5050 57.1 257
AATGGCACCAGAGGGGACTGT (SEQ ID NO: 268) 5056 57.1 258
AACATGTACATTGCAGTGATT (SEQ ID NO: 269) 5143 33.3 259
AACTTCAATGTGGCCACGGAG (SEQ ID NO: 270) 5170 52.4 260
AATGTGGCCACGGAGGAGAGC (SEQ ID NO: 271) 5176 61.9 261
AAGTTTGACCCAGAGGCCACT (SEQ ID NO: 272) 5248 52.4 262
AATCCCAAAACCCAATCGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 273) 5328 38.1 263
AAAACCCAATCGAAATATACT (SEQ ID NO: 274) 5334 28.6 264
AACCCAATCGAAATATACTGA (SEQ ID NO: 275) 5336 33.3 265
AATCGAAATATACTGATCCAG (SEQ ID NO: 276) 5341 33.3 266
AAATATACTGATCCAGATGGA (SEQ ID NO: 277) 5346 33.3 267
AAGATCCACTGCTTGGACATC (SEQ ID NO: 278) 5389 47.6 268
AAGAATGTCCTAGGAGAATCC (SEQ ID NO: 279) 5425 42.9 269
AATGTCCTAGGAGAATCCGGG (SEQ ID NO: 280) 5428 52.4 270
AATCCGGGGAGTTGGATTCTC (SEQ ID NO: 281) 5441 52.4 271
AAGGCAAATATGGAGGAGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 282) 5464 42.9 272
AAATATGGAGGAGAAGTTTAT (SEQ ID NO: 283) 5469 28.6 273
AAGTTTATGGCAACTAATCTT (SEQ ID NO: 284) 5482 28.6 274
AACTAATCTTTCAAAATCATC (SEQ ID NO: 285) 5493 23.8 275
AATCTTTCAAAATCATCCTAT (SEQ ID NO: 286) 5497 23.8 276
AAAATCATCCTATGAACCAAT (SEQ ID NO: 287) 5505 28.6 277
AATCATCCTATGAACCAATAG (SEQ ID NO: 288) 5507 33.3 278
AACCAATAGCAACCACTCTCC (SEQ ID NO: 289) 5519 47.6 279
AATAGCAACCACTCTCCGATG (SEQ ID NO: 290) 5523 47.6 280
AACCACTCTCCGATGGAAGCA (SEQ ID NO: 291) 5529 52.4 281
AAGCAAGAAGACATTTCAGCC (SEQ ID NO: 292) 5545 42.9 282
AAGAAGACATTTCAGCCACTG (SEQ ID NO: 293) 5549 42.9 283
AAGACATTTCAGCCACTGTCA (SEQ ID NO: 294) 5552 42.9 284
AAAAGGCCTATCGGAGCTATG (SEQ ID NO: 295) 5576 47.6 285
AAGGCCTATCGGAGCTATGTG (SEQ ID NO: 296) 5578 52.4 286
AACACCCCATGTGTGCCCAGA (SEQ ID NO: 297) 5623 57.1 287
AAGGTTTTGTTGCATTCACAG (SEQ ID NO: 298) 5675 38.1 288
AAATGAAAATTGTGTACTCCC (SEQ ID NO: 299) 5697 33.3 289
AAAATTGTGTACTCCCAGACA (SEQ ID NO: 300) 5702 38.1 290
AATTGTGTACTCCCAGACAAA (SEQ ID NO: 301) 5704 38.1 291
AAATCTGAAACTGCTTCTGCC (SEQ ID NO: 302) 5722 42.9 292
AAACTGCTTCTGCCACATCAT (SEQ ID NO: 303) 5729 42.9 293
AACATGAGGACATCTAGCTCA (SEQ ID NO: 304) 5797 42.9 294
AATACAAAATGAAGATGAAGC (SEQ ID NO: 305) 5817 28.6 295
AAAATGAAGATGAAGCCACCA (SEQ ID NO: 306) 5822 38.1 296
AATGAAGATGAAGCCACCAGT (SEQ ID NO: 307) 5824 42.9 297
AAGATGAAGCCACCAGTATGG (SEQ ID NO: 308) 5828 47.6 298
AAGCCACCAGTATGGAGCTGA (SEQ ID NO: 309) 5834 52.4
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Rat PN3 siRNA's posi- tion Tar- in get
Target sequence gene 1 AACTACCAATTTCAGACGGTT (SEQ ID NO: 310) 27 2
AATTTCAGACGGTTCACTCCA (SEQ ID NO: 311) 34 3 AAGCAGATTGCTGCTCACCGC
(SEQ ID NO: 312) 76 4 AAGAAGGCCAGAACCAAGCAC (SEQ ID NO: 313) 103 5
AAGGCCAGAACCAAGCACAGA (SEQ ID NO: 314) 106 6 AACCAAGCACAGAGGACAGGA
(SEQ ID NO: 315) 114 7 AAGCACAGAGGACAGGAGGAC (SEQ ID NO: 316) 118 8
AAGGGCGAGAAGCCCAGGCCT (SEQ ID NO: 317) 139 9 AAGCCCAGGCCTCAGCTGGAC
(SEQ ID NO: 318) 148 10 AAAGCCTGTAACCAGCTGCCC (SEQ ID NO: 319) 172
11 AACCAGCTGCCCAAGTTCTAT (SEQ ID NO: 320) 181 12
AAGTTCTATGGTGAGCTCCCA (SEQ ID NO: 321) 193 13 AACTGGTCGGGGAGCCCCTGG
(SEQ ID NO: 322) 218 14 AATAAAAGCAGGACCATTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 323) 286
15 AAAAGCAGGACCATTTCCAGA (SEQ ID NO: 324) 289 16
AAGCAGGACCATTTCCAGATT (SEQ ID NO: 325) 291 17 AACCTGATCAGAAGAACAGCC
(SEQ ID NO: 326) 349 18 AAGAACAGCCATCAAAGTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 327) 360
19 AACAGCCATCAAAGTGTCTGT (SEQ ID NO: 328) 363 20
AAAGTGTCTGTCCATTCCTGG (SEQ ID NO: 329) 373 21 AACTGCGTGTGCATGACCCGA
(SEQ ID NO: 330) 427 22 AACTGATCTTCCAGAGAAAGT (SEQ ID NO: 331) 447
23 AAAGTCGAGTACGTCTTCACT (SEQ ID NO: 332) 463 24
AAGATACTGGCAAGAGGGTTT (SEQ ID NO: 333) 511 25 AAGAGGGTTTTGTCTAAATGA
(SEQ ID NO: 334) 522 26 AAATGAGTTCACTTATCTTCG (SEQ ID NO: 335) 537
27 AACTGGCTGGACTTCAGTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 336) 568 28
AATCTCAGGCCTGCGGACATT (SEQ ID NO: 337) 630 29 AAAACTGTTTCTGTGATCCCA
(SEQ ID NO: 338) 670 30 AACTGTTTCTGTGATCCCAGG (SEQ ID NO: 339) 672
31 AAGGTCATCGTGGGAGCCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 340) 697 32
AAGCTGGCCGACGTGACTATC (SEQ ID NO: 341) 733 33 AAGGGGAACCTTAAGAACAAA
(SEQ ID NO: 342) 805 34 AACCTTAAGAACAAATGCATC (SEQ ID NO: 343) 811
35 AAGAACAAATGCATCAGGAAC (SEQ ID NO: 344) 817 36
AACAAATGCATCAGGAACGGA (SEQ ID NO: 345) 820 37 AAATGCATCAGGAACGGAACA
(SEQ ID NO: 346) 823 38 AACGGAACAGATCCCCACAAG (SEQ ID NO: 347) 835
39 AACAGATCCCCACAAGGCTGA (SEQ ID NO: 348) 840 40
AAGGCTGACAACCTCTCATCT (SEQ ID NO: 349) 853 41 AACCTCTCATCTGAAATGGCA
(SEQ ID NO: 350) 862 42 AAATGGCAGAATACATCTTCA (SEQ ID NO: 351) 875
43 AATACATCTTCATCAAGCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 352) 884 44
AAGCCTGGTACTACGGATCCC (SEQ ID NO: 353) 898 45 AATGGGTCTGATGCTGGTCAC
(SEQ ID NO: 354) 931 46 AAAACTCCTGACAACCCGGAT (SEQ ID NO: 355) 976
47 AACTCCTGACAACCCGGATTT (SEQ ID NO: 356) 978 48
AACCCGGATTTTAACTACACC (SEQ ID NO: 357) 988 49 AACTACACCAGCTTTGATTCC
(SEQ ID NO: 358) 1000 50 AAAATGTACATGGTCTTTTTC (SEQ ID NO: 359)
1108 51 AATGTACATGGTCTTTTTCGT (SEQ ID NO: 360) 1110 52
AATTTGATCTTGGCCGTGGTC (SEQ ID NO: 361) 1165 53
AAGAGCAGAGCCAGGCAACAA (SEQ ID NO: 362) 1199 54
AACAATTGCAGAAATCGAAGC (SEQ ID NO: 363) 1215 55
AATTGCAGAAATCGAAGCCAA (SEQ ID NO: 364) 1218 56
AAATCGAAGCCAAGGAAAAAA (SEQ ID NO: 365) 1226 57
AAGCCAAGGAAAAAAAGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 366) 1232 58
AAGGAAAAAAAGTTCCAGGAA (SEQ ID NO: 367) 1237 59
AAAAAAAGTTCCAGGAAGCCC (SEQ ID NO: 368) 1241 60
AAAAAGTTCCAGGAAGCCCTT (SEQ ID NO: 369) 1243 61
AAAGTTCCAGGAAGCCCTTGA (SEQ ID NO: 370) 1245 62
AAGCCCTTGAGGTGCTGCAGA (SEQ ID NO: 371) 1256 63
AAGGAACAGGAGGTGCTGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 372) 1276 64
AACAGGAGGTGCTGGCAGCCC (SEQ ID NO: 373) 1280 65
AAAAACGCCAATGAGAGAAGA (SEQ ID NO: 374) 1354 66
AAACGCCAATGAGAGAAGACC (SEQ ID NO: 375) 1356 67
AATGAGAGAAGACCCAGGGTG (SEQ ID NO: 376) 1363 68
AAGACCCAGGGTGAAATCAAG (SEQ ID NO: 377) 1371 69
AAATCAAGGGTGTCAGAGGGC (SEQ ID NO: 378) 1384 70
AAGGGTGTCAGAGGGCTCCAC (SEQ ID NO: 379) 1389 71
AACAGGTCACCCCAATCTGAC (SEQ ID NO: 380) 1417 72
AATCTGACCCTTACAACCAGC (SEQ ID NO: 381) 1430 73
AACCAGCGCAGGATGTCTTTC (SEQ ID NO: 382) 1444 74
AAGACGCAGGGCTAGCCACGG (SEQ ID NO: 383) 1482 75
AAGACATCTCATTTCCTGACG (SEQ ID NO: 384) 1532 76
AAAGCCGTCGAGGTTCCATAT (SEQ ID NO: 385) 1589 77
AACCCTGGCCGTAGACATGGA (SEQ ID NO: 386) 1672 78
AAGAGGGACAGCTCGGAGTGC (SEQ ID NO: 387) 1694 79
AAGGCCCGGCACTCGACACTA (SEQ ID NO: 388) 1745 80
AAGAGCTTCCTGTCTGCGGGC (SEQ ID NO: 389) 1774 81
AACGAACCTTTCCGAGCACAG (SEQ ID NO: 390) 1801 82
AACCTTTCCGAGCACAGAGGG (SEQ ID NO: 391) 1805 83
AAGAGTCTAAGCTGAAGTGCC (SEQ ID NO: 392) 1871 84
AAGCTGAAGTGCCCACCCTGC (SEQ ID NO: 393) 1879 85
AAGTGCCCACCCTGCTTGATC (SEQ ID NO: 394) 1885 86
AAGTATCTGATCTGGGAGTGC (SEQ ID NO: 395) 1918 87
AAGTGGAGGAAGTTCAAGATG (SEQ ID NO: 396) 1945 88
AAGTTCAAGATGGCGCTGTTC (SEQ ID NO: 397) 1954 89
AAGATGGCGCTGTTCGAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 398) 1960 90
AACACCGTCTTCATGGCCATG (SEQ ID NO: 399) 2029 91
AAGCCGGCAACATTGTCTTCA (SEQ ID NO: 400) 2090 92
AACATTGTCTTCACCGTGTTT (SEQ ID NO: 401) 2098 93
AATGGAGATGGCCTTCAAGAT (SEQ ID NO: 402) 2124 94
AAGATCATTGCCTTCGACCCC (SEQ ID NO: 403) 2140 95
AAGAAGTGGAATATCTTCGAC (SEQ ID NO: 404) 2176 96
AAGTGGAATATCTTCGACTGT (SEQ ID NO: 405) 2179 97
AATATCTTCGACTGTGTCATC (SEQ ID NO: 406) 2185 98
AAGAAGGGCAGCCTGTCTGTG (SEQ ID NO: 407) 2239 99
AAGGGCAGCCTGTCTGTGCTC (SEQ ID NO: 408) 2242 100
AAGCTGGCCAAGTCCTGGCCC (SEQ ID NO: 409) 2290 101
AAGTCCTGGCCCACCCTGAAC (SEQ ID NO: 410) 2299 102
AACACCCTCATCAAGATCATC (SEQ ID NO: 411) 2317 103
AAGATCATCGGGAACTCCGTG (SEQ ID NO: 412) 2329 104
AACTCCGTGGGGGCCCTGGGC (SEQ ID NO: 413) 2341 105
AACCTGACCTTTATCCTGGCC (SEQ ID NO: 414) 2362 106
AAAGCAGCTTCTCTCAGAGGA (SEQ ID NO: 415) 2412 107
AAGGACGGCGTCTCCGTGTGG (SEQ ID NO: 416) 2446 108
AACGGCGAGAAGCTCCGCTGG (SEQ ID NO: 417) 2467 109
AAGCTCCGCTGGCACATGTGT (SEQ ID NO: 418) 2476 110
AATCCTCTGCGGGGAGTGGAT (SEQ ID NO: 419) 2529 111
AACATGTGGGTCTGCATGGAG (SEQ ID NO: 420) 2554 112
AAATCCATCTGCCTCATCCTC (SEQ ID NO: 421) 2584 113
AACCTAGTGGTGCTCAACCTT (SEQ ID NO: 422) 2629 114
AACCTTTTCATCGCTTTACTG (SEQ ID NO: 423) 2644 115
AACTCCTTCAGCGCGGACAAC (SEQ ID NO: 424) 2668 116
AACCTCACGGCTCCAGAGGAT (SEQ ID NO: 425) 2686 117
AACAACTTGCAGTTAGCACTG (SEQ ID NO: 426) 2719 118
AACTTGCAGTTAGCACTGGCC (SEQ ID NO: 427) 2722 119
AAGGTGGAGACCCAGCTGGGC (SEQ ID NO: 428) 2821 120
AAGCCCCCACTCACCAGCTCA (SEQ ID NO: 429) 2845 121
AAGAACCACATTGCCACTGAT (SEQ ID NO: 430) 2872
122 AACCACATTGCCACTGATGCT (SEQ ID NO: 431) 2875 123
AACCTGACAAAGCCAGCTCTC (SEQ ID NO: 432) 2914 124
AAAGCCAGCTCTCAGTAGCCC (SEQ ID NO: 433) 2922 125
AAGGAGAACCACGGGGACTTC (SEQ ID NO: 434) 2944 126
AACCACGGGGACTTCATCACT (SEQ ID NO: 435) 2950 127
AACGTGTGGGTCTCTGTGCCC (SEQ ID NO: 436) 2977 128
AATCTGACCTCGACGAGCTCG (SEQ ID NO: 437) 3011 129
AAGATATGGAGCAGGCTTCGC (SEQ ID NO: 438) 3035 130
AAGAGGACCCCAAGGGACAGC (SEQ ID NO: 439) 3071 131
AAGGGACAGCAGGAGCAGTTG (SEQ ID NO: 440) 3082 132
AAGTCCAAAAGTGTGAAAACC (SEQ ID NO: 441) 3107 133
AAAAGTGTGAAAACCACCAGG (SEQ ID NO: 442) 3113 134
AAGTGTGAAAACCACCAGGCA (SEQ ID NO: 443) 3115 135
AAAACCACCAGGCAGCCAGAA (SEQ ID NO: 444) 3122 136
AACCACCAGGCAGCCAGAAGC (SEQ ID NO: 445) 3124 137
AAGCCCAGCCTCCATGATGTC (SEQ ID NO: 446) 3141 138
AAGAGGAAGGATAGCCCTCAG (SEQ ID NO: 447) 3199 139
AAGGATAGCCCTCAGGTCCCT (SEQ ID NO: 448) 3205 140
AAATCCTGAGGAAGATCCCCG (SEQ ID NO: 449) 3290 141
AAGATCCCCGAGCTGGCAGAT (SEQ ID NO: 450) 3301 142
AAGGCTGCACTCGCCGCTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 451) 3353 143
AACGTGAATACTAGCAAGTCT (SEQ ID NO: 452) 3382 144
AATACTAGCAAGTCTCCTTGG (SEQ ID NO: 453) 3388 145
AAGTCTCCTTGGGCCACAGGC (SEQ ID NO: 454) 3397 146
AAGACCTGCTACCGCATCGTG (SEQ ID NO: 455) 3430 147
AACTACCTGGAAGAGAAACCC (SEQ ID NO: 456) 3523 148
AAGAGAAACCCCGAGTGAAGT (SEQ ID NO: 457) 3533 149
AAACCCCGAGTGAAGTCCGTG (SEQ ID NO: 458) 3538 150
AAGTCCGTGCTGGAGTACACT (SEQ ID NO: 459) 3550 151
AAGTGGGTAGCCTATGGCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 460) 3613 152
AAAAAGTATTTCACCAATGCC (SEQ ID NO: 461) 3634 153
AAAGTATTTCACCAATGCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 462) 3636 154
AATGCCTGGTGCTGGCTGGAC (SEQ ID NO: 463) 3649 155
AACATCTCCCTGACAAGCCTC (SEQ ID NO: 464) 3682 156
AAGCCTCATAGCGAAGATCCT (SEQ ID NO: 465) 3696 157
AAGATCCTTGAGTATTCCGAC (SEQ ID NO: 466) 3709 158
AAAGCCCTTCGGACTCTCCGT (SEQ ID NO: 467) 3742 159
AAGGCATGAGGGTAGTGGTGG (SEQ ID NO: 468) 3797 160
AACGTCCTCCTCGTCTGCCTC (SEQ ID NO: 469) 3850 161
AACCTCTTCGCCGGGAAATTT (SEQ ID NO: 470) 3904 162
AAATTTTCGAAGTGCGTCGAC (SEQ ID NO: 471) 3919 163
AAGTGCGTCGACACCAGAAAT (SEQ ID NO: 472) 3928 164
AAATAACCCATTTTCCAACGT (SEQ ID NO: 473) 3945 165
AACCCATTTTCCAACGTGAAT (SEQ ID NO: 474) 3949 166
AACGTGAATTCGACGATGGTG (SEQ ID NO: 475) 3961 167
AATTCGACGATGGTGAATAAC (SEQ ID NO: 476) 3967 168
AATAACAAGTCCGAGTGTCAC (SEQ ID NO: 477) 3982 169
AACAAGTCCGAGTGTCACAAT (SEQ ID NO: 478) 3985 170
AAGTCCGAGTGTCACAATCAA (SEQ ID NO: 479) 3988 171
AATCAAAACAGCACCGGCCAC (SEQ ID NO: 480) 4003 172
AAAACAGCACCGGCCACTTCT (SEQ ID NO: 481) 4007 173
AACAGCACCGGCCACTTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 482) 4009 174
AACGTCAAAGTCAACTTCGAC (SEQ ID NO: 483) 4036 175
AAAGTCAACTTCGACAACGTC (SEQ ID NO: 484) 4042 176
AACTTCGACAACGTCGCTATG (SEQ ID NO: 485) 4048 177
AACGTCGCTATGGGCTACCTC (SEQ ID NO: 486) 4057 178
AACCTTCAAAGGCTGGATGGA (SEQ ID NO: 487) 4095 179
AAAGGCTGGATGGACATAATG (SEQ ID NO: 488) 4102 180
AATGTATGCAGCTGTTGATTC (SEQ ID NO: 489) 4119 181
AACAGTCAGCCTAACTGGGAG (SEQ ID NO: 490) 4150 182
AACTGGGAGAACAACTTGTAC (SEQ ID NO: 491) 4162 183
AACAACTTGTACATGTACCTG (SEQ ID NO: 492) 4171 184
AACTTGTACATGTACCTGTAC (SEQ ID NO: 493) 4174 185
AATCTCTTTGTTGGGGTCATA (SEQ ID NO: 494) 4234 186
AATCGACAACTTCAACCAACA (SEQ ID NO: 495) 4254 187
AACTTCAACCAACAGAAAAAA (SEQ ID NO: 496) 4261 188
AACCAACAGAAAAAAAAGCTA (SEQ ID NO: 497) 4267 189
AACAGAAAAAAAAGCTAGGAG (SEQ ID NO: 498) 4271 190
AAAAAAAAGCTAGGAGGCCAG (SEQ ID NO: 499) 4276 191
AAAAAAGCTAGGAGGCCAGGA (SEQ ID NO: 500) 4278 192
AAAAGCTAGGAGGCCAGGACA (SEQ ID NO: 501) 4280 193
AAGCTAGGAGGCCAGGACATC (SEQ ID NO: 502) 4282 194
AAGAGCAGAAGAAGTACTACA (SEQ ID NO: 503) 4313 195
AAGAAGTACTACAATGCCATG (SEQ ID NO: 504) 4321 196
AAGTACTACAATGCCATGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 505) 4324 197
AATGCCATGAAGAAGCTGGGC (SEQ ID NO: 506) 4333 198
AAGAAGCTGGGCTCCAAGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 507) 4342 199
AAGCTGGGCTCCAAGAAACCC (SEQ ID NO: 508) 4345 200
AAGAAACCCCAGAAGCCCATC (SEQ ID NO: 509) 4357 201
AAACCCCAGAAGCCCATCCCA (SEQ ID NO: 510) 4360 202
AAGCCCATCCCACGGCCCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 511) 4369 203
AATAAGTACCAAGGCTTCGTG (SEQ ID NO: 512) 4390 204
AAGTACCAAGGCTTCGTGTTT (SEQ ID NO: 513) 4393 205
AAGGCTTCGTGTTTGACATCG (SEQ ID NO: 514) 4400 206
AAGCCTTTGACATCATCATCA (SEQ ID NO: 515) 4430 207
AACATGATCACCATGATGGTG (SEQ ID NO: 516) 4468 208
AAGACGAAGGTTCTGGGCAGA (SEQ ID NO: 517) 4513 209
AAGGTTCTGGGCAGAATCAAC (SEQ ID NO: 518) 4519 210
AATCAACCAGTTCTTTGTGGC (SEQ ID NO: 519) 4533 211
AACCAGTTCTTTGTGGCCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 520) 4537 212
AAGATGTTCGCCCTGCGACAG (SEQ ID NO: 521) 4579 213
AACGGCTGGAACGTGTTCGAC (SEQ ID NO: 522) 4612 214
AACGTGTTCGACTTCATAGTG (SEQ ID NO: 523) 4621 215
AATCCTTAAGTCACTGGAAAA (SEQ ID NO: 524) 4677 216
AAGTCACTGGAAAACTACTTC (SEQ ID NO: 525) 4684 217
AAAACTACTTCTCCCCGACGC (SEQ ID NO: 526) 4694 218
AACTACTTCTCCCCGACGCTC (SEQ ID NO: 527) 4696 219
AAGGGGATTCGCACGCTGCTC (SEQ ID NO: 528) 4774 220
AACATCGGCCTCCTCCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 529) 4828 221
AACGTCGTGGACGAGGCCGGC (SEQ ID NO: 530) 4894 222
AACTTCAAGACCTTTGGCAAC (SEQ ID NO: 531) 4930 223
AAGACCTTTGGCAACAGCATG (SEQ ID NO: 532) 4936 224
AACAGCATGCTGTGCCTGTTC (SEQ ID NO: 533) 4948 225
AACACGGGGCCTCCCTACTGC (SEQ ID NO: 534) 5017 226
AACCTGCCCAACAGCAACGGC (SEQ ID NO: 535) 5044 227
AACAGCAACGGCTCCCGGGGG (SEQ ID NO: 536) 5053 228
AACGGCTCCCGGGGGAACTGC (SEQ ID NO: 537) 5059 229
AACTGCGGGAGCCCGGCGGTG (SEQ ID NO: 538) 5074 230
AACATGTACATCGCAGTGATT (SEQ ID NO: 539) 5146 231
AACTTCAACGTGGCCACCGAG (SEQ ID NO: 540) 5173 232
AACGTGGCCACCGAGGAGAGC (SEQ ID NO: 541) 5179 233
AAGTTCGACCCGGAGGCCACC (SEQ ID NO: 542) 5251 234
AATCCCCAAACCCAACCAGAA (SEQ ID NO: 543) 5331 235
AAACCCAACCAGAATATATTA (SEQ ID NO: 544) 5338 236
AACCAGAATATATTAATCCAG (SEQ ID NO: 545) 5344 237
AATATATTAATCCAGATGGAC (SEQ ID NO: 546) 5350 238
AATCCAGATGGACCTGCCGTT (SEQ ID NO: 547) 5358 239
AAGATCCACTGTCTGGACATC (SEQ ID NO: 548) 5392 240
AAAGAACGTCTTGGGAGAATC (SEQ ID NO: 549) 5427 241
AACGTCTTGGGAGAATCCGGG (SEQ ID NO: 550) 5431 242
AATCCGGGGAGTTGGACTCCC (SEQ ID NO: 551) 5444 243
AAGACCAATATGGAAGAGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 552) 5467 244
AATATGGAAGAGAAGTTTATG (SEQ ID NO: 553) 5473 245
AAGAGAAGTTTATGGCGACCA (SEQ ID NO: 554) 5480 246
AAGTTTATGGCGACCAATCTC (SEQ ID NO: 555) 5485 247
AATCTCTCCAAAGCATCCTAT (SEQ ID NO: 556) 5500
248 AAAGCATCCTATGAACCAATA (SEQ ID NO: 557) 5509 249
AACCAATAGCCACCACCCTCC (SEQ ID NO: 558) 5522 250
AATAGCCACCACCCTCCGGTG (SEQ ID NO: 559) 5526 251
AAGCAGGAAGACCTCTCAGCC (SEQ ID NO: 560) 5548 252
AAGACCTCTCAGCCACAGTCA (SEQ ID NO: 561) 5555 253
AAAAGGCCTACCGGAGCTACA (SEQ ID NO: 562) 5579 254
AAGGCCTACCGGAGCTACATG (SEQ ID NO: 563) 5581 255
AACACCCTGCATGTGCCCAGG (SEQ ID NO: 564) 5626 256
AAGGCTACGTTACATTCATGG (SEQ ID NO: 565) 5678 257
AAACAGTGGACTCCCGGACAA (SEQ ID NO: 566) 5700 258
AAATCAGAAACTGCCTCTGCT (SEQ ID NO: 567) 5719 259
AAACTGCCTCTGCTACGTCTT (SEQ ID NO: 568) 5726 260
AACATTAACCCATCTAGCTCA (SEQ ID NO: 569) 5794 261
AACCCATCTAGCTCAATGCAA (SEQ ID NO: 570) 5800 262
AATGCAAAATGAAGATGAGGT (SEQ ID NO: 571) 5814 263
AAAATGAAGATGAGGTCGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 572) 5819 264
AATGAAGATGAGGTCGCTGCT (SEQ ID NO: 573) 5821 265
AAGATGAGGTCGCTGCTAAGG (SEQ ID NO: 574) 5825 266
AAGGAAGGAAACAGCCCTGGA (SEQ ID NO: 575) 5842 267
AAGGAAACAGCCCTGGACCTC (SEQ ID NO: 576) 5846 268
AAACAGCCCTGGACCTCAGTG (SEQ ID NO: 577) 5850
[0090] Of the above siRNA sequences, five were selected for testing
their ability to knock-down Na.sub.V1.8 expression and function in
vitro. The five siRNAs were selected so as to cover different
regions of the entire 5874 nucleotide Na.sub.V1.8 coding sequence.
The five siRNA sequences, including the nucleotide position at
which each sequence is located within the genome, are shown below
in Table 4:
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Nuc. siRNA Sequence Pos. siRNA 1
AAAAGCAGGACCAUUUCCAGA (SEQ ID NO: 1) 289 siRNA 2
AAAGUGUCUGUCCAUUCCUGG (SEQ ID NO: 2) 373 siRNA 3
AACUACACCAGCUUUGAUUCC (SEQ ID NO: 3) 1000 siRNA 4
AAAUCCAUCUGCCUCAUCCUC (SEQ ID NO: 4) 2584 siRNA 5
AAUAAGUACCAAGGCUUCGUG (SEQ ID NO: 5) 4390
Example 2
[0091] The above five selected siRNA sequences, SEQ ID NOs: 1-5,
were synthesized by Qiagen Inc., Valencia, Calif. We then cloned
the Na.sub.V1.8 cDNA into a pcDNA3.1 mammalian expression plasmid
(Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) to generate a pcDNA-Na.sub.V1.8
control expression plasmid. Upon transfection of the control
plasmid into HEK293 cells (Microbix Biosystems, Inc., Ontario,
Canada M8Z3A8), the cells exhibited high levels of Na.sub.V1.8 RNA
and protein expression. Na.sub.V1.8 RNA expression was detected by
Taqman.RTM. quantitative RT-PCR (Applied Biosystems, Foster City,
Calif.), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Na.sub.V1.8
protein expression in the HEK293 cells was detected by
westernimmunoblot analysis using a Na.sub.V1.8 specific peptide
antibody, SOD1 (AnaSpec, San Jose, Calif.). The published peptide
sequence was used for making the SOD1 antibody. See Novakovic et
al., "Distribution of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel PN3
in rat sensory neurons in normal and neuropathic conditions, J.
Neuroscience, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 2174-2187 (1998).
Knock-Down of Na.sub.V1.8 RNA
[0092] The five chemically synthesized siRNAs, SEQ ID NOs: 1-5,
were individually co-transfected into HEK293 cells, along with the
pcDNA-Na.sub.V1.8 control expression plasmid. The final siRNA
concentration in the transfected cells was maintained at 25 nM. 24
hours after transfection, the cells were lysed and the total RNA
was purified from lysates using RNAeasy minicolumns (Qiagen,
Valencia, Calif.) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Total RNA purified from either cells cotransfected with the
individual siRNAs or control cells were used for quantitative
RT-PCR analysis using rat Na.sub.V1.8 specific Tagman.RTM. primer
and probe sets (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.). Any rat
Na.sub.V1.8 specific primer should work in this regard. The design
of PCR primers is known in the art.
[0093] The expression level of Na.sub.V1.8 RNA in siRNA transfected
cells was compared with RNA expression in control cells. The
control cells, which were transfected with pcDNA3.1-Na.sub.V1.8
control expression plasmid, exhibited a relative rNa.sub.V1.8 RNA
expression level of 100%. The siRNA 1 cells, which were
co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-Na.sub.V1.8 control expression plasmid
and the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 1, exhibited a relative rNa.sub.V1.8
RNA expression level of 20%. The siRNA 2 cells, which were
co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-Na.sub.V1.8 control expression plasmid
and the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 2, exhibited a relative rNa.sub.V1.8
RNA expression level of 65%. The siRNA 3 cells, which were
co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-Na.sub.V1.8 control expression plasmid
and the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 3, exhibited a relative rNa.sub.V1.8
RNA expression level of 30%. The siRNA 4 cells, which were
co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-Na.sub.V1.8 control expression plasmid
and the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 4, exhibited a relative rNa.sub.V1.8
RNA expression level of 115%. The siRNA 5 cells, which were
co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-Na.sub.V1.8 control expression plasmid
and the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 5, exhibited a relative rNa.sub.V1.8
RNA expression level of 70%.
[0094] Cells co-transfected with either siRNA 1 or siRNA 3 showed
high levels of Na.sub.V1.8 RNA silencing while cells co-transfected
with either siRNA 2 and siRNA 5 showed moderate levels of RNA
silencing. No knock-down in Na.sub.V1.8 RNA expression was seen in
cells transfected with siRNA 4.
Knock-Down of Na.sub.V1.8 Protein
[0095] The five chemically synthesized siRNAs, SEQ ID NOs: 1-5,
were individually co-transfected into HEK293 cells, along with the
pcDNA-Na.sub.V1.8 control expression plasmid. The final siRNA
concentration in the transfected cells was maintained at 25 nM. 24
hours after transfection, the cells were lysed in a denaturing
lysis buffer and the lysates were run on denaturation 12% TBE gels
(Invitrogen, Carsbad, Calif.). The gels were blotted onto
nitrocellulose sheets and probed with the Na.sub.V1.8 specific
antibody--SOD1 (AnaSpec, San Jose, Calif.).
[0096] Lysates from cells transfected with pcDNA-Na.sub.V1.8
control expression plasmid, the control cells, showed high levels
of Na.sub.V1.8 protein expression. Lysates from cells
co-transfected with pcDNA-Na.sub.V1.8 control expression plasmid
and either siRNA 1 or siRNA 3 showed almost complete abolition of
Na.sub.V1.8 protein expression. Lysates from cells co-transfected
with pcDNA-Na.sub.V1.8 control expression plasmid and either siRNA
2 or siRNA 5 showed moderate levels of Na.sub.V1.8 protein
expression. Lysates from cells co-transfected with
pcDNA-Na.sub.V1.8 control expression plasmid and siRNA 4 showed no
reduction in Na.sub.V1.8 protein expression.
Example 3
[0097] Next, we determined whether siRNA was capable of
functionally knocking-down the Na.sub.V1.8 sodium channel. This
determination was made using a FlexStation.RTM. assay (Molecular
Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.) and voltage clamp measurements. We
stably expressed, by retroviral integration, the Na.sub.V1.8 coding
sequence in the neuroblastoma/DRG fusion cell line ND7/23 (European
Collection of Cell Cultures, Wiltshire, UK). The ND7/23 cell line
is a mouse neuroblastoma and rat neurone hybrid, which is
identified by European Collection of Cell Cultures No. 92090903.
This ND7/23-Na.sub.V1.8 cell line showed consistent and high levels
of Na.sub.V1.8 sodium current in both FlexStation.RTM. membrane
potential assays and in whole cell voltage clamp measurements.
FlexStation.RTM. Assay
[0098] We individually transfected each of the above five selected
siRNA sequences, SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, into the ND7/23-Na.sub.V1.8 cell
line. Functional knock-down of Na.sub.V1.8 by the siRNAs was
confirmed using the membrane potential assay on the
FlexStation.RTM. according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Readings on the FlexStation.RTM. were taken 1 day post transfection
with individual siRNAs.
[0099] The luminescence level of control cells was compared to that
of cells individually transfected with siRNAs 1-5. All cells were
transfected with the Na.sub.V1.8 coding sequence. The control cells
exhibited a luminescence level of 175,000 units. The siRNA 1 cells,
which were subsequently transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 1,
exhibited a luminescence level of 48,000 units. The siRNA 2 cells,
which were subsequently transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 2,
exhibited a luminescence level of 70,000 units. The siRNA 3 cells,
which were subsequently transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 3,
exhibited a luminescence level of 45,000. The siRNA 4 cells, which
were subsequently transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 4,
exhibited a luminescence level of 151,000. The siRNA 5 cells, which
were subsequently transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 5,
exhibited a luminescence level of 80,000.
[0100] siRNAs 1 and 3 blocked Na.sub.V1.8 derived membrane
potential while siRNAs 2 and 5 showed moderate levels of blockage
in membrane potential. siRNA 4 showed minimal or no blockage in
membrane potential. The level of blockage in membrane potential by
the individual siRNAs was similar to the level of both protein and
RNA silencing by the siRNAs in the HEK293 system. In another
example of this experiment, the control cells exhibited a
luminescence level of 198,698 units. The siRNA 1 cells, which were
subsequently transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 1, exhibited
a luminescence level of 46,068 units (corresponding to 23% of
control signal). The siRNA 2 cells, which were subsequently
transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 2, exhibited a
luminescence level of 71,523 units (corresponding to 36% of
control). The siRNA 3 cells, which were subsequently transfected
with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 3, exhibited a luminescence level of
42,422 units (corresponding to 21% of control). The siRNA 4 cells,
which were subsequently transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 4,
exhibited a luminescence level of 151,067 units (corresponding to
76% of control). The siRNA 5 cells, which were subsequently
transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 5, exhibited a
luminescence level of 80,567 units (corresponding to 41% of
control).
Voltage Clamp Measurements
[0101] To further confirm functional knock-down of Na.sub.V1.8
sodium currents, we performed whole cell voltage clamp measurements
in ND7/23-Na.sub.V1.8 control cells that were subsequently
transfected with siRNA 1. Briefly, ND7/23-Na.sub.V1.8 cells were
either mock transfected with non-silencing siRNAs, the control
cells, or transfected with siRNA 1, the siRNA 1 cells. The siRNA 1
concentration was maintained at 25 nM. Successfully transfected
cells, which were identified by cotransfection with Green
Fluorescent Protein (GFP) (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.), were used
for whole cell voltage clamp measurements. Measurements were made
both 24 and 48 hours post transfection.
[0102] At 24 hours post transfection, the control cells exhibited a
peak amplitude of -900 while the siRNA 1 cells exhibited a peak
amplitude of -175. At 48 hours post transfection, the control cells
exhibited a peak amplitude of -775 while the siRNA 1 cells
exhibited a peak amplitude of -175. Therefore, we observed almost
total blockage in sodium currents in siRNA 1 transfected cells. In
fact, the blockage was greater than 85%. Furthermore, the
specificity of Na.sub.V1.8 block was confirmed by the observation
that no block in tetrodotoxin-sensitive currents was seen in siRNA
1 treated ND7/23-Na.sub.V1.8 cells.
[0103] In another example, at 24 hours post transfection, the
control cells (sample size=10) exhibited a mean peak whole-cell
Na.sub.V1.8 current amplitude of -912 pA while the siRNA 1 cells
(sample size=11) exhibited a mean peak amplitude of -169 pA. Thus,
by 24 h after transfection, siRNA1 had reduced the NaV1.8 current
amplitude to 18.5% of control. Furthermore, the specificity of the
siRNA effect to the intended tetrodotoxin-resistant Na.sub.V1.8
sodium channel was confirmed by the observation that no reduction
in the amplitude of the background tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium
currents was seen in siRNA 1 treated ND7/23-Na.sub.V1.8 cells at
either 24 or 48 h post-transfection.
Example 4
[0104] In order to identify backup siRNAs that exhibit high levels
of Na.sub.V1.8 knock-down, we designed six additional siRNAs, SEQ
ID NOs: 6-11, in the region of the Na.sub.V1.8 coding sequences
covering siRNA 1 and siRNA 3. These six additional siRNAs were
designed using the same procedures outlined in Example 1, and have
the following sequences, as shown in Table 5 below:
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 siRNA Sequence siRNA 6 AAGAAGGCCAGAACCAAGCAC
(SEQ ID NO: 6) siRNA 7 AAGUUCUAUGGUGAGCUCCCA (SEQ ID NO: 7) siRNA 8
AACUGGCUGGACUUCAGUGUC (SEQ ID NO: 8) siRNA 9 AACUGUUUCUGUGAUCCCAGG
(SEQ ID NO: 9) siRNA 10 AAGGCUGACAACCUCUCAUCU (SEQ ID NO: 10) siRNA
11 AAGAGUCUAAGCUGAAGUGCC (SEQ ID NO: 11)
[0105] All six additional siRNAs, SEQ ID NOs: 6-11, were screened
for their ability to knock-down Na.sub.V1.8 derived membrane
potential in ND7/23 cells. Using procedures similar to those in
Example 3, the luminescence level of control cells was compared to
that of cells individually transfected with siRNAs 6-11. The
control cells exhibited a luminescence level of 175,000 units. The
siRNA 6 cells, which were subsequently transfected with the siRNA
of SEQ ID NO: 6, exhibited a luminescence level of 85,000 units.
The siRNA 7 cells, which were subsequently transfected with the
siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 7, exhibited a luminescence level of 50,000
units. The siRNA 8 cells, which were subsequently transfected with
the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 8, exhibited a luminescence level of
45,000. The siRNA 9 cells, which were subsequently transfected with
the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 9, exhibited a luminescence level of
43,000. The siRNA 10 cells, which were subsequently transfected
with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 10, exhibited a luminescence level of
10,000. The siRNA 11 cells, which were subsequently transfected
with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 11, exhibited a luminescence level of
35,000. Using procedures similar to those in Examples 2 and 3, we
determined that all six siRNAs were also capable of blocking
Na.sub.V1.8 expression and function, resulting in a collection of
efficacious siRNAs.
[0106] In another example, the control cells exhibited a
luminescence level of 198,698 units. The siRNA 6 cells, which were
subsequently transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 6, exhibited
a luminescence level of 86,105 units (43% of control cells). The
siRNA 7 cells, which were subsequently transfected with the siRNA
of SEQ ID NO: 7, exhibited a luminescence level of 50,237 units
(25% of control cells). The siRNA 8 cells, which were subsequently
transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 8, exhibited a
luminescence level of 44,038 units (22% of control cells). The
siRNA 9 cells, which were subsequently transfected with the siRNA
of SEQ ID NO: 9, exhibited a luminescence level of 46,917 units
(24% of control cells). The siRNA 10 cells, which were subsequently
transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID NO: 10, exhibited a
luminescence level of 21,847 (7% of control cells). The siRNA 11
cells, which were subsequently transfected with the siRNA of SEQ ID
NO: 11, exhibited a luminescence level of 30,587 (15% of control
cells).
Example 5
Adenoviral Delivery of Na.sub.v1.8 siRNA
[0107] For long term siRNA delivery to cells and knock-down of
Na.sub.V1.8 function, we designed an adenoviral vector for driving
siRNA expression. Briefly, the construct was designed to express
siRNA 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3) under the control of a U6 promoter cassette.
The siRNA 3 expression cassette was then cloned into an E1-deleted
pTG4213 adenoviral backbone (Transgene SA, France).
[0108] ND7/23-Na.sub.V1.8 cells from Example 3 were infected with
the above siRNA 3 adenoviral vector construct at a concentration of
1e.sup.9 particles/ml. Control cells were infected at the same
concentration with a control adenovirus containing a U6 promoter
cassette. Infected cells were lysed for total RNA purification in
order to perform either Taqman.RTM. assays or FlexStation.RTM.
assays.
[0109] For Taqman.RTM. assays, Infected cells were lysed at 6, 8
and 10 days post infection (dpi), and RNA purifed from lysates was
used to measure Na.sub.V1.8 RNA expression by quantitative RT-PCR
analysis. At 6 days post infection, Na.sub.V1.8 RNA expression,
expressed as a percentage of non-silencing adenoviral siRNA, was
18%. At 8 days post infection, Na.sub.V1.8 RNA expression,
expressed as a percentage of non-silencing adenoviral siRNA, was
22%. At 10 days post infection, Na.sub.V1.8 RNA expression,
expressed as a percentage of non-silencing adenoviral siRNA, was
30%.
[0110] For FlexStation.RTM. assays, infected cells were used for
measuring Na.sub.V1.8 derived membrane potential on the
FlexStation.RTM. at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days post infection (dpi). At
each time point, knock-down in membrane potential in siRNA 3
adenoviral vector construct infected cells was compared to membrane
potential in control adenoviral infected cells. At 2 days post
infection, percent sodium current, as compared to non-silencing
adenoviral-siRNA, was 45%. At 4 days post infection, percent sodium
current, as compared to non-silencing adenoviral-siRNA, was 15%. At
6 days post infection, percent sodium current, as compared to
non-silencing adenoviral-siRNA, was 8%. At 8 days post infection,
percent sodium current, as compared to non-silencing
adenoviral-siRNA, was 8%. At 10 days post infection, percent sodium
current, as compared to non-silencing adenoviral-siRNA, was 4%.
[0111] To further confirm that the reduction in RNA expression seen
with the viral-siRNA construct was representative of an attenuation
in function NaV1.8 sodium channel activity, we performed a number
of whole-cell voltage clamp experiments to directly measure
NaV1.8-mediated current at various times post-infection. In each of
these experiments, current amplitudes were measured in a sample of
ND7/23-NaV1.8 cells that had been previously infected with either a
control, non-silencing siRNA construct of with the adenoviral-siRNA
3 construct. At 4 days post infection with the non-silencing viral
construct total mean (10 cells sampled) whole cell NaV1.8 current
was -821 pA whilst that measured in siRNA3-virus infected cells was
-101 pA (corresponding to 12.3% of control). At 6 days post
infection, with the non-silencing viral construct total mean (10
cells sampled) whole cell NaV1.8 current was -932 pA whilst that
measured in siRNA3-virus infected cells was -247.7 pA
(corresponding to 26.6% of control). At 10 days post infection,
with the non-silencing viral construct total mean (10 cells
sampled) whole cell NaV1.8 current was -976.7 pA whilst that
measured in siRNA3-virus infected cells was -542.7 pA
(corresponding to 55.6% of control).
[0112] Thus, Taqman.RTM. and FlexStation.RTM. and voltage-clamp
assays showed knock-down of Na.sub.V1.8 RNA expression and
Na.sub.V1.8 derived membrane potential that lasted for at least 8
dpi. Infection by siRNA expressing adenovirus resulted in at least
80% knock-down of Na.sub.V1.8 expression and function. Thus, high
levels of sustained Na.sub.V1.8 block were demonstrated using viral
vectors for siRNA delivery.
Example 6
Effect of Na.sub.V1.8 siRNA in a Rat Model of Chronic Pain
[0113] The effect of Na.sub.V1.8-siRNA was investigated in a rat
model of chronic pain using siRNA 3. Hind paw tactile sensitivity
was measured in a cohort of rats using graded von-Frey
microfilaments (=baseline sensitivity). The same rats were then
subjected to a surgical procedure that entailed exposure of the
left sciatic nerve at mid thigh level followed by a loose ligation
injury effected using standard suture material. The wound was
closed and the animals allowed to recover from the procedure for a
period of at least one week prior to any subsequent behavioral
evaluation. The nerve trauma resulting from the procedure resulted
in a tactile hypersensitivity in the left hind paw, a condition
that is referred to as tactile allodynia. The degree of allodynia
is readily quantified using the same von-Frey filament procedure as
used for the baseline measurements, such measurements were taken 13
days after the surgical day. In order to evaluate the effects of
siRNA 3 (SEQ ID No 3) on the allodynia, the siRNA was delivered as
a duplex into the intrathecal space around the spinal cord via a
permanent indwelling intrathecal catheter. Two separate injections
of 2 .mu.g of siRNA 3 were made daily over a period of three days,
control rats received an identical injection of vehicle only using
the same timing protocol.
[0114] Baseline hindpaw sensitivities of rats used in these
experiments ranged between 13 to 15 grams force. Thirteen days
after the nerve trauma injury the hindpaw sensitivities were
re-determined for each rat and were found to be in the range of
1.2.+-.0.4 g in the cohort designated the siRNA group and
2.1.+-.0.4 g in the control cohort (cohort size=6 rats in
drug-treated group and 5 rats in the control group). Nerve injury
resulted, therefore, in a profoundly painful tactile
hypersensitivity (allodynia) that is typical of that seen in human
subjects having suffered injuries that lead to a chronic
neuropathic pain state. Regular assessments revealed the painful
allodynic state to be maintained (typically <2.1 g) through days
13 to 21 in the control cohort of rats that received vehicle-only
injections. By contrast, rats that were injected with siRNA 3 for
three days, commencing immediately after their day 13 assessment,
showed a pronounced reversal of their painful allodynia (8.1.+-.2.1
g, assessed on day 16). Rats treated with siRNA 3 showed a
consistently improved pain score, (e.g., an amelioration of an
experimentally-induced chronic pain state) compared to controls,
over several subsequent days during which measurements were taken.
Sequence CWU 1
1
577121RNAArtificialsiRNA sense strand 1aaaagcagga ccauuuccag a
21221RNAArtificialsiRNA sense strand 2aaagugucug uccauuccug g
21321RNAArtificialsiRNA sense strand 3aacuacacca gcuuugauuc c
21421RNAArtificialsiRNA sense strand 4aaauccaucu gccucauccu c
21521RNAArtificialsiRNA sense strand 5aauaaguacc aaggcuucgu g
21621RNAArtificialsiRNA sense strand 6aagaaggcca gaaccaagca c
21721RNAArtificialsiRNA sense strand 7aaguucuaug gugagcuccc a
21821RNAArtificialsiRNA sense strand 8aacuggcugg acuucagugu c
21921RNAArtificialsiRNA sense strand 9aacuguuucu gugaucccag g
211021RNAArtificialsiRNA sense strand 10aaggcugaca accucucauc u
211121RNAArtificialsiRNA sense strand 11aagagucuaa gcugaagugc c
211221DNAHomo sapiens 12aattccccat tggatccctc g 211321DNAHomo
sapiens 13aaactaacaa cttccgtcgc t 211421DNAHomo sapiens
14aacaacttcc gtcgctttac t 211521DNAHomo sapiens 15aacttccgtc
gctttactcc g 211621DNAHomo sapiens 16aagcaaattg ctgccaagca g
211721DNAHomo sapiens 17aaattgctgc caagcaggga a 211821DNAHomo
sapiens 18aagcagggaa caaagaaagc c 211921DNAHomo sapiens
19aacaaagaaa gccagagaga a 212021DNAHomo sapiens 20aaagaaagcc
agagagaagc a 212121DNAHomo sapiens 21aaagccagag agaagcatag g
212221DNAHomo sapiens 22aagcataggg agcagaagga c 212321DNAHomo
sapiens 23aaggaccaag aagagaagcc t 212421DNAHomo sapiens
24aagaagagaa gcctcggccc c 212521DNAHomo sapiens 25aagagaagcc
tcggccccag c 212621DNAHomo sapiens 26aagcctcggc cccagctgga c
212721DNAHomo sapiens 27aaagcctgca accagctgcc c 212821DNAHomo
sapiens 28aaccagctgc ccaagttcta t 212921DNAHomo sapiens
29aagttctatg gtgagctccc a 213021DNAHomo sapiens 30aactgatcgg
ggagcccctg g 213121DNAHomo sapiens 31aacaaaggga ggaccatttc c
213221DNAHomo sapiens 32aaagggagga ccatttcccg g 213321DNAHomo
sapiens 33aacctgatca gaagaacggc c 213421DNAHomo sapiens
34aagaacggcc atcaaagtgt c 213521DNAHomo sapiens 35aacggccatc
aaagtgtctg t 213621DNAHomo sapiens 36aaagtgtctg tccactcgtg g
213721DNAHomo sapiens 37aattgtgtgt gcatgacccg a 213821DNAHomo
sapiens 38aactgacctt ccagagaaaa t 213921DNAHomo sapiens
39aaaattgaat atgtcttcac t 214021DNAHomo sapiens 40aattgaatat
gtcttcactg t 214121DNAHomo sapiens 41aatatgtctt cactgtcatt t
214221DNAHomo sapiens 42aagccttgat aaagatactg g 214321DNAHomo
sapiens 43aaagatactg gcaagaggat t 214421DNAHomo sapiens
44aagaggattt tgtctaaatg a 214521DNAHomo sapiens 45aaatgagttc
acgtacctga g 214621DNAHomo sapiens 46aactggctgg attttagcgt c
214721DNAHomo sapiens 47aatagatctc cgtgggatct c 214821DNAHomo
sapiens 48aaaaacagtt tctgtgatcc c 214921DNAHomo sapiens
49aaacagtttc tgtgatccca g 215021DNAHomo sapiens 50aaggtcattg
tgggggccct g 215121DNAHomo sapiens 51aagaaactgg ctgatgtgac c
215221DNAHomo sapiens 52aaactggctg atgtgaccat c 215321DNAHomo
sapiens 53aagtgttttt gccttggtgg g 215421DNAHomo sapiens
54aactcttcaa gggcaacctc a 215521DNAHomo sapiens 55aagggcaacc
tcaaaaataa a 215621DNAHomo sapiens 56aacctcaaaa ataaatgtgt c
215721DNAHomo sapiens 57aaaaataaat gtgtcaagaa t 215821DNAHomo
sapiens 58aaataaatgt gtcaagaatg a 215921DNAHomo sapiens
59aaatgtgtca agaatgacat g 216021DNAHomo sapiens 60aagaatgaca
tggctgtcaa t 216121DNAHomo sapiens 61aatgacatgg ctgtcaatga g
216221DNAHomo sapiens 62aatgagacaa ccaactactc a 216321DNAHomo
sapiens 63aaccaactac tcatctcaca g 216421DNAHomo sapiens
64aactactcat ctcacagaaa a 216521DNAHomo sapiens 65aaaaccagat
atctacataa a 216621DNAHomo sapiens 66aaccagatat ctacataaat a
216721DNAHomo sapiens 67aaataagcga ggcacttctg a 216821DNAHomo
sapiens 68aagcgaggca cttctgaccc c 216921DNAHomo sapiens
69aatggatctg actcaggcca c 217021DNAHomo sapiens 70aaaacttctg
acaacccgga t 217121DNAHomo sapiens 71aacttctgac aacccggatt t
217221DNAHomo sapiens 72aacccggatt ttaactacac c 217321DNAHomo
sapiens 73aacccggatt ttaactacac c 217421DNAHomo sapiens
74aacgcctcta ccagcagacc c 217521DNAHomo sapiens 75aaaatctata
tgatcttttt t 217621DNAHomo sapiens 76aatctatatg atcttttttg t
217721DNAHomo sapiens 77aatcttcctg ggatctttct a 217821DNAHomo
sapiens 78aacttgatct tggctgtagt c 217921DNAHomo sapiens
79aaccaggcaa ccactgatga a 218021DNAHomo sapiens 80aaccactgat
gaaattgaag c 218121DNAHomo sapiens 81aaattgaagc aaaggagaag a
218221DNAHomo sapiens 82aagcaaagga gaagaagttc c 218321DNAHomo
sapiens 83aaaggagaag aagttccagg a 218421DNAHomo sapiens
84aagaagttcc aggaggccct c 218521DNAHomo sapiens 85aagttccagg
aggccctcga g 218621DNAHomo sapiens 86aaggagcagg aggtgctagc a
218721DNAHomo sapiens 87aacctctctc cactcccaca a 218821DNAHomo
sapiens 88aatggatcac ctttaacctc c 218921DNAHomo sapiens
89aacctccaaa aatgccagtg a 219021DNAHomo sapiens 90aaaaatgcca
gtgagagaag g 219121DNAHomo sapiens 91aaatgccagt gagagaaggc a
219221DNAHomo sapiens 92aaggcataga ataaagccaa g 219321DNAHomo
sapiens 93aataaagcca agagtgtcag a 219421DNAHomo sapiens
94aaagccaaga gtgtcagagg g 219521DNAHomo sapiens 95aagagtgtca
gagggctcca c 219621DNAHomo sapiens 96aagacaacaa atcaccccgc t
219721DNAHomo sapiens 97aacaaatcac cccgctctga t 219821DNAHomo
sapiens 98aaatcacccc gctctgatcc t 219921DNAHomo sapiens
99aaccagcgca ggatgtcttt t 2110021DNAHomo sapiens 100aaaacgccgg
gctagtcatg g 2110121DNAHomo sapiens 101aacgccgggc tagtcatggc a
2110221DNAHomo sapiens 102aaagccatcg gggctctctg c 2110321DNAHomo
sapiens 103aaggccccct ccctagaagc c 2110421DNAHomo sapiens
104aagccctctt cctcaaccca g 2110521DNAHomo sapiens 105aacccagcaa
ccctgactcc a 2110621DNAHomo sapiens 106aaccctgact ccaggcatgg a
2110721DNAHomo sapiens 107aagatgaaca ccaaccgccg c 2110821DNAHomo
sapiens 108aacaccaacc gccgcccact a 2110921DNAHomo sapiens
109aaccgccgcc cactagtgag c 2111021DNAHomo sapiens 110aaaagaagac
tttcttgtca g 2111121DNAHomo sapiens 111aagaagactt tcttgtcagc a
2111221DNAHomo sapiens 112aagactttct tgtcagcaga a 2111321DNAHomo
sapiens 113aatacttaga tgaacctttc c 2111421DNAHomo sapiens
114aacctttccg ggcccaaagg g 2111521DNAHomo sapiens 115aaagggcaat
gagtgttgtc a 2111621DNAHomo sapiens 116aatgagtgtt gtcagtatca t
2111721DNAHomo sapiens 117aacctccgtc cttgaggaac t 2111821DNAHomo
sapiens 118aactcgagga gtctgaacag a 2111921DNAHomo sapiens
119aactcgagga gtctgaacag a 2112021DNAHomo sapiens 120aagtgcccac
cctgcttgac c 2112121DNAHomo sapiens 121aagtatctga tctgggattg c
2112221DNAHomo sapiens 122aagtatctga tctgggattg c 2112321DNAHomo
sapiens 123aagacaattc tctttgggct t 2112421DNAHomo sapiens
124aattctcttt gggcttgtga c 2112521DNAHomo sapiens 125aacaccatct
tcatggccat g 2112621DNAHomo sapiens 126aagccatgct ccagataggc a
2112721DNAHomo sapiens 127aacatcgtct ttaccatatt t 2112821DNAHomo
sapiens 128aaatggtctt caaaatcatt g 2112921DNAHomo sapiens
129aaaatcattg ccttcgaccc a 2113021DNAHomo sapiens 130aatcattgcc
ttcgacccat a 2113121DNAHomo sapiens 131aagaagtgga atatctttga c
2113221DNAHomo sapiens 132aagtggaata tctttgactg c 2113321DNAHomo
sapiens 133aatatctttg actgcatcat c 2113421DNAHomo sapiens
134aagaagggaa gcctgtctgt g 2113521DNAHomo sapiens 135aagggaagcc
tgtctgtgct g 2113621DNAHomo sapiens 136aagcctgtct gtgctgcgga g
2113721DNAHomo sapiens 137aagctggcca aatcctggcc c 2113821DNAHomo
sapiens 138aaatcctggc ccaccttaaa c 2113921DNAHomo sapiens
139aaacacactc atcaagatca t 2114021DNAHomo sapiens 140aagatcatcg
gaaactcagt g 2114121DNAHomo sapiens 141aaactcagtg ggggcactgg g
2114221DNAHomo sapiens 142aacctcacca tcatcctggc c 2114321DNAHomo
sapiens 143aagcagctcc taggggaaaa c 2114421DNAHomo sapiens
144aaaactaccg taacaaccga a 2114521DNAHomo sapiens 145aactaccgta
acaaccgaaa a 2114621DNAHomo sapiens 146aacaaccgaa aaaatatctc c
2114721DNAHomo sapiens 147aaccgaaaaa atatctccgc g 2114821DNAHomo
sapiens 148aaaaaatatc tccgcgcccc a 2114921DNAHomo sapiens
149aaaatatctc cgcgccccat g 2115021DNAHomo sapiens 150aatatctccg
cgccccatga a 2115121DNAHomo sapiens 151aagactggcc ccgctggcac a
2115221DNAHomo sapiens 152aacatgtggg cctgcatgga a 2115321DNAHomo
sapiens 153aagttggcca aaaatccata t 2115421DNAHomo sapiens
154aaaaatccat atgcctcatc c 2115521DNAHomo sapiens 155aaatccatat
gcctcatcct t 2115621DNAHomo sapiens 156aacctggtgg tgcttaacct g
2115721DNAHomo sapiens 157aacctgttca tcgccctgct a 2115821DNAHomo
sapiens 158aactctttca gtgctgacaa c 2115921DNAHomo sapiens
159aacctcacag ccccggagga c 2116021DNAHomo sapiens 160aacaacctgc
aggtggccct g 2116121DNAHomo sapiens 161aacctgcagg tggccctggc a
2116221DNAHomo sapiens 162aaacaggctc tttgcagctt c 2116321DNAHomo
sapiens 163aaggcagagc ctgagctggt g 2116421DNAHomo sapiens
164aaactcccac tctccagctc c 2116521DNAHomo sapiens 165aaggctgaga
accacattgc t 2116621DNAHomo sapiens 166aaccacattg ctgccaacac t
2116721DNAHomo sapiens 167aacactgcca gggggagctc t 2116821DNAHomo
sapiens 168aagctcccag aggccccagg g 2116921DNAHomo sapiens
169aatccgactg tgtgggtctc t 2117021DNAHomo sapiens 170aatctgatct
tgatgacttg g 2117121DNAHomo sapiens 171aagatgctca gagcttccag c
2117221DNAHomo sapiens 172aagtgatccc caaaggacag c 2117321DNAHomo
sapiens 173aaaggacagc aggagcagct g 2117421DNAHomo sapiens
174aagtcgagag gtgtggggac c 2117521DNAHomo sapiens 175aacatcttct
gaggacctgg c 2117621DNAHomo sapiens 176aaagatgagt ctgttcctca g
2117721DNAHomo sapiens 177aagctcctct gagggcagca c 2117821DNAHomo
sapiens 178aaatcctgag gaagatccct g 2117921DNAHomo sapiens
179aagatccctg agctggcaga t 2118021DNAHomo sapiens 180aagaaccaga
tgactgcttc a 2118121DNAHomo sapiens 181aaccagatga ctgcttcaca g
2118221DNAHomo sapiens 182aaggatgcat tcgccactgt c 2118321DNAHomo
sapiens 183aaactggata ccaccaagag t 2118421DNAHomo sapiens
184aagagtccat gggatgtggg c 2118521DNAHomo sapiens 185aagacttgct
accgtatcgt g 2118621DNAHomo sapiens 186aagactatta cctggaccag a
2118721DNAHomo sapiens 187aagcccacgg tgaaagcttt g
2118821DNAHomo sapiens 188aaagctttgc tggagtacac t 2118921DNAHomo
sapiens 189aagtgggtgg cctatggctt c 2119021DNAHomo sapiens
190aaaaagtact tcaccaatgc c 2119121DNAHomo sapiens 191aaagtacttc
accaatgcct g 2119221DNAHomo sapiens 192aatgcctggt gctggctgga c
2119321DNAHomo sapiens 193aatatctcac tgataagtct c 2119421DNAHomo
sapiens 194aagtctcaca gcgaagattc t 2119521DNAHomo sapiens
195aagattctgg aatattctga a 2119621DNAHomo sapiens 196aatattctga
agtggctccc a 2119721DNAHomo sapiens 197aagtggctcc catcaaagcc c
2119821DNAHomo sapiens 198aaagcccttc gaacccttcg c 2119921DNAHomo
sapiens 199aacccttcgc gctctgcggc c 2120021DNAHomo sapiens
200aaggcatgcg ggtggtggtg g 2120121DNAHomo sapiens 201aatgtcctcc
tcgtctgcct c 2120221DNAHomo sapiens 202aacctcttcg cagggaagtt t
2120321DNAHomo sapiens 203aagttttgga ggtgcatcaa c 2120421DNAHomo
sapiens 204aactataccg atggagagtt t 2120521DNAHomo sapiens
205aataacaagt ctgactgcaa g 2120621DNAHomo sapiens 206aacaagtctg
actgcaagat t 2120721DNAHomo sapiens 207aagtctgact gcaagattca a
2120821DNAHomo sapiens 208aagattcaaa actccactgg c 2120921DNAHomo
sapiens 209aaaactccac tggcagcttc t 2121021DNAHomo sapiens
210aactccactg gcagcttctt c 2121121DNAHomo sapiens 211aatgtgaaag
tcaactttga t 2121221DNAHomo sapiens 212aaagtcaact ttgataatgt t
2121321DNAHomo sapiens 213aactttgata atgttgcaat g 2121421DNAHomo
sapiens 214aatgttgcaa tgggttacct t 2121521DNAHomo sapiens
215aatgggttac cttgcacttc t 2121621DNAHomo sapiens 216aacctttaaa
ggctggatgg a 2121721DNAHomo sapiens 217aaaggctgga tggacattat g
2121821DNAHomo sapiens 218aacatgcaac ccaagtggga g 2121921DNAHomo
sapiens 219aacccaagtg ggaggacaac g 2122021DNAHomo sapiens
220aagtgggagg acaacgtgta c 2122121DNAHomo sapiens 221aacgtgtaca
tgtatttgta c 2122221DNAHomo sapiens 222aatctctttg ttggggtcat a
2122321DNAHomo sapiens 223aattgacaac ttcaatcaac a 2122421DNAHomo
sapiens 224aacttcaatc aacagaaaaa a 2122521DNAHomo sapiens
225aatcaacaga aaaaaaagtt a 2122621DNAHomo sapiens 226aacagaaaaa
aaagttaggg g 2122721DNAHomo sapiens 227aaaaaaaagt tagggggcca g
2122821DNAHomo sapiens 228aaaaaagtta gggggccagg a 2122921DNAHomo
sapiens 229aaaagttagg gggccaggac a 2123021DNAHomo sapiens
230aagttagggg gccaggacat c 2123121DNAHomo sapiens 231aagaaatact
acaatgccat g 2123221DNAHomo sapiens 232aaatactaca atgccatgaa g
2123321DNAHomo sapiens 233aatgccatga agaagttggg c 2123421DNAHomo
sapiens 234aagaagttgg gctccaagaa g 2123521DNAHomo sapiens
235aagttgggct ccaagaagcc c 2123621DNAHomo sapiens 236aagaagcccc
agaagcccat c 2123721DNAHomo sapiens 237aagccccaga agcccatccc a
2123821DNAHomo sapiens 238aagcccatcc cacggcccct g 2123921DNAHomo
sapiens 239aacaagttcc agggttttgt c 2124021DNAHomo sapiens
240aagttccagg gttttgtctt t 2124121DNAHomo sapiens 241aagcttttga
catcaccatc a 2124221DNAHomo sapiens 242aacatgatca ccatgatggt g
2124321DNAHomo sapiens 243aaagtgaaga aaagacgaaa a 2124421DNAHomo
sapiens 244aagaaaagac gaaaattctg g 2124521DNAHomo sapiens
245aaaagacgaa aattctgggc a 2124621DNAHomo sapiens 246aagacgaaaa
ttctgggcaa a 2124721DNAHomo sapiens 247aaaattctgg gcaaaatcaa c
2124821DNAHomo sapiens 248aattctgggc aaaatcaacc a 2124921DNAHomo
sapiens 249aaaatcaacc agttctttgt g 2125021DNAHomo sapiens
250aatcaaccag ttctttgtgg c 2125121DNAHomo sapiens 251aaccagttct
ttgtggccgt c 2125221DNAHomo sapiens 252aatgtgtcat gaagatgttc g
2125321DNAHomo sapiens 253aagatgttcg ctttgaggca g 2125421DNAHomo
sapiens 254aaatggctgg aatgtgtttg a 2125521DNAHomo sapiens
255aatgtgtttg acttcattgt g 2125621DNAHomo sapiens 256aattcttaag
tcacttcaaa g 2125721DNAHomo sapiens 257aagtcacttc aaagttactt c
2125821DNAHomo sapiens 258aaagttactt ctccccaacg c 2125921DNAHomo
sapiens 259aacgctcttc agagtcatcc g 2126021DNAHomo sapiens
260aattggccgc atcctcagac t 2126121DNAHomo sapiens 261aaggggatcc
gcacactgct c 2126221DNAHomo sapiens 262aacatcgggc tgttgctatt c
2126321DNAHomo sapiens 263aacttccaga ccttcgccaa c 2126421DNAHomo
sapiens 264aacagcatgc tgtgcctctt c 2126521DNAHomo sapiens
265aacacagggc ccccctactg t 2126621DNAHomo sapiens 266aatctgccca
acagcaatgg c 2126721DNAHomo sapiens 267aacagcaatg gcaccagagg g
2126821DNAHomo sapiens 268aatggcacca gaggggactg t 2126921DNAHomo
sapiens 269aacatgtaca ttgcagtgat t 2127021DNAHomo sapiens
270aacttcaatg tggccacgga g 2127121DNAHomo sapiens 271aatgtggcca
cggaggagag c 2127221DNAHomo sapiens 272aagtttgacc cagaggccac t
2127321DNAHomo sapiens 273aatcccaaaa cccaatcgaa a 2127421DNAHomo
sapiens 274aaaacccaat cgaaatatac t 2127521DNAHomo sapiens
275aacccaatcg aaatatactg a 2127621DNAHomo sapiens 276aatcgaaata
tactgatcca g 2127721DNAHomo sapiens 277aaatatactg atccagatgg a
2127821DNAHomo sapiens 278aagatccact gcttggacat c 2127921DNAHomo
sapiens 279aagaatgtcc taggagaatc c 2128021DNAHomo sapiens
280aatgtcctag gagaatccgg g 2128121DNAHomo sapiens 281aatccgggga
gttggattct c 2128221DNAHomo sapiens 282aaggcaaata tggaggagaa g
2128321DNAHomo sapiens 283aaatatggag gagaagttta t 2128421DNAHomo
sapiens 284aagtttatgg caactaatct t 2128521DNAHomo sapiens
285aactaatctt tcaaaatcat c 2128621DNAHomo sapiens 286aatctttcaa
aatcatccta t 2128721DNAHomo sapiens 287aaaatcatcc tatgaaccaa t
2128821DNAHomo sapiens 288aatcatccta tgaaccaata g 2128921DNAHomo
sapiens 289aaccaatagc aaccactctc c 2129021DNAHomo sapiens
290aatagcaacc actctccgat g 2129121DNAHomo sapiens 291aaccactctc
cgatggaagc a 2129221DNAHomo sapiens 292aagcaagaag acatttcagc c
2129321DNAHomo sapiens 293aagaagacat ttcagccact g 2129421DNAHomo
sapiens 294aagacatttc agccactgtc a 2129521DNAHomo sapiens
295aaaaggccta tcggagctat g 2129621DNAHomo sapiens 296aaggcctatc
ggagctatgt g 2129721DNAHomo sapiens 297aacaccccat gtgtgcccag a
2129821DNAHomo sapiens 298aaggttttgt tgcattcaca g 2129921DNAHomo
sapiens 299aaatgaaaat tgtgtactcc c 2130021DNAHomo sapiens
300aaaattgtgt actcccagac a 2130121DNAHomo sapiens 301aattgtgtac
tcccagacaa a 2130221DNAHomo sapiens 302aaatctgaaa ctgcttctgc c
2130321DNAHomo sapiens 303aaactgcttc tgccacatca t 2130421DNAHomo
sapiens 304aacatgagga catctagctc a 2130521DNAHomo sapiens
305aatacaaaat gaagatgaag c 2130621DNAHomo sapiens 306aaaatgaaga
tgaagccacc a 2130721DNAHomo sapiens 307aatgaagatg aagccaccag t
2130821DNAHomo sapiens 308aagatgaagc caccagtatg g 2130921DNAHomo
sapiens 309aagccaccag tatggagctg a 2131021DNARattus norvegicus
310aactaccaat ttcagacggt t 2131121DNARattus norvegicus
311aatttcagac ggttcactcc a 2131221DNARattus norvegicus
312aagcagattg ctgctcaccg c 2131321DNARattus norvegicus
313aagaaggcca gaaccaagca c 2131421DNARattus norvegicus
314aaggccagaa ccaagcacag a 2131521DNARattus norvegicus
315aaccaagcac agaggacagg a 2131621DNARattus norvegicus
316aagcacagag gacaggagga c 2131721DNARattus norvegicus
317aagggcgaga agcccaggcc t 2131821DNARattus norvegicus
318aagcccaggc ctcagctgga c 2131921DNARattus norvegicus
319aaagcctgta accagctgcc c 2132021DNARattus norvegicus
320aaccagctgc ccaagttcta t 2132121DNARattus norvegicus
321aagttctatg gtgagctccc a 2132221DNARattus norvegicus
322aactggtcgg ggagcccctg g 2132321DNARattus norvegicus
323aataaaagca ggaccatttc c 2132421DNARattus norvegicus
324aaaagcagga ccatttccag a 2132521DNARattus norvegicus
325aagcaggacc atttccagat t 2132621DNARattus norvegicus
326aacctgatca gaagaacagc c 2132721DNARattus norvegicus
327aagaacagcc atcaaagtgt c 2132821DNARattus norvegicus
328aacagccatc aaagtgtctg t 2132921DNARattus norvegicus
329aaagtgtctg tccattcctg g 2133021DNARattus norvegicus
330aactgcgtgt gcatgacccg a 2133121DNARattus norvegicus
331aactgatctt ccagagaaag t 2133221DNARattus norvegicus
332aaagtcgagt acgtcttcac t 2133321DNARattus norvegicus
333aagatactgg caagagggtt t 2133421DNARattus norvegicus
334aagagggttt tgtctaaatg a 2133521DNARattus norvegicus
335aaatgagttc acttatcttc g 2133621DNARattus norvegicus
336aactggctgg acttcagtgt c 2133721DNARattus norvegicus
337aatctcaggc ctgcggacat t 2133821DNARattus norvegicus
338aaaactgttt ctgtgatccc a 2133921DNARattus norvegicus
339aactgtttct gtgatcccag g 2134021DNARattus norvegicus
340aaggtcatcg tgggagccct g 2134121DNARattus norvegicus
341aagctggccg acgtgactat c 2134221DNARattus norvegicus
342aaggggaacc ttaagaacaa a 2134321DNARattus norvegicus
343aaccttaaga acaaatgcat c 2134421DNARattus norvegicus
344aagaacaaat gcatcaggaa c 2134521DNARattus norvegicus
345aacaaatgca tcaggaacgg a 2134621DNARattus norvegicus
346aaatgcatca ggaacggaac a 2134721DNARattus norvegicus
347aacggaacag atccccacaa g 2134821DNARattus norvegicus
348aacagatccc cacaaggctg a 2134921DNARattus norvegicus
349aaggctgaca acctctcatc t 2135021DNARattus norvegicus
350aacctctcat ctgaaatggc a 2135121DNARattus norvegicus
351aaatggcaga atacatcttc a 2135221DNARattus norvegicus
352aatacatctt catcaagcct g 2135321DNARattus norvegicus
353aagcctggta ctacggatcc c 2135421DNARattus norvegicus
354aatgggtctg atgctggtca c 2135521DNARattus norvegicus
355aaaactcctg acaacccgga t 2135621DNARattus norvegicus
356aactcctgac aacccggatt t 2135721DNARattus norvegicus
357aacccggatt ttaactacac c 2135821DNARattus norvegicus
358aactacacca gctttgattc c 2135921DNARattus norvegicus
359aaaatgtaca tggtcttttt c 2136021DNARattus norvegicus
360aatgtacatg gtctttttcg t 2136121DNARattus norvegicus
361aatttgatct tggccgtggt c 2136221DNARattus norvegicus
362aagagcagag ccaggcaaca a 2136321DNARattus norvegicus
363aacaattgca gaaatcgaag c 2136421DNARattus norvegicus
364aattgcagaa atcgaagcca a 2136521DNARattus norvegicus
365aaatcgaagc caaggaaaaa a 2136621DNARattus norvegicus
366aagccaagga aaaaaagttc c 2136721DNARattus norvegicus
367aaggaaaaaa agttccagga a 2136821DNARattus norvegicus
368aaaaaaagtt ccaggaagcc c
2136921DNARattus norvegicus 369aaaaagttcc aggaagccct t
2137021DNARattus norvegicus 370aaagttccag gaagcccttg a
2137121DNARattus norvegicus 371aagcccttga ggtgctgcag a
2137221DNARattus norvegicus 372aaggaacagg aggtgctggc a
2137321DNARattus norvegicus 373aacaggaggt gctggcagcc c
2137421DNARattus norvegicus 374aaaaacgcca atgagagaag a
2137521DNARattus norvegicus 375aaacgccaat gagagaagac c
2137621DNARattus norvegicus 376aatgagagaa gacccagggt g
2137721DNARattus norvegicus 377aagacccagg gtgaaatcaa g
2137821DNARattus norvegicus 378aaatcaaggg tgtcagaggg c
2137921DNARattus norvegicus 379aagggtgtca gagggctcca c
2138021DNARattus norvegicus 380aacaggtcac cccaatctga c
2138121DNARattus norvegicus 381aatctgaccc ttacaaccag c
2138221DNARattus norvegicus 382aaccagcgca ggatgtcttt c
2138321DNARattus norvegicus 383aagacgcagg gctagccacg g
2138421DNARattus norvegicus 384aagacatctc atttcctgac g
2138521DNARattus norvegicus 385aaagccgtcg aggttccata t
2138621DNARattus norvegicus 386aaccctggcc gtagacatgg a
2138721DNARattus norvegicus 387aagagggaca gctcggagtg c
2138821DNARattus norvegicus 388aaggcccggc actcgacact a
2138921DNARattus norvegicus 389aagagcttcc tgtctgcggg c
2139021DNARattus norvegicus 390aacgaacctt tccgagcaca g
2139121DNARattus norvegicus 391aacctttccg agcacagagg g
2139221DNARattus norvegicus 392aagagtctaa gctgaagtgc c
2139321DNARattus norvegicus 393aagctgaagt gcccaccctg c
2139421DNARattus norvegicus 394aagtgcccac cctgcttgat c
2139521DNARattus norvegicus 395aagtatctga tctgggagtg c
2139621DNARattus norvegicus 396aagtggagga agttcaagat g
2139721DNARattus norvegicus 397aagttcaaga tggcgctgtt c
2139821DNARattus norvegicus 398aagatggcgc tgttcgagct g
2139921DNARattus norvegicus 399aacaccgtct tcatggccat g
2140021DNARattus norvegicus 400aagccggcaa cattgtcttc a
2140121DNARattus norvegicus 401aacattgtct tcaccgtgtt t
2140221DNARattus norvegicus 402aatggagatg gccttcaaga t
2140321DNARattus norvegicus 403aagatcattg ccttcgaccc c
2140421DNARattus norvegicus 404aagaagtgga atatcttcga c
2140521DNARattus norvegicus 405aagtggaata tcttcgactg t
2140621DNARattus norvegicus 406aatatcttcg actgtgtcat c
2140721DNARattus norvegicus 407aagaagggca gcctgtctgt g
2140821DNARattus norvegicus 408aagggcagcc tgtctgtgct c
2140921DNARattus norvegicus 409aagctggcca agtcctggcc c
2141021DNARattus norvegicus 410aagtcctggc ccaccctgaa c
2141121DNARattus norvegicus 411aacaccctca tcaagatcat c
2141221DNARattus norvegicus 412aagatcatcg ggaactccgt g
2141321DNARattus norvegicus 413aactccgtgg gggccctggg c
2141421DNARattus norvegicus 414aacctgacct ttatcctggc c
2141521DNARattus norvegicus 415aaagcagctt ctctcagagg a
2141621DNARattus norvegicus 416aaggacggcg tctccgtgtg g
2141721DNARattus norvegicus 417aacggcgaga agctccgctg g
2141821DNARattus norvegicus 418aagctccgct ggcacatgtg t
2141921DNARattus norvegicus 419aatcctctgc ggggagtgga t
2142021DNARattus norvegicus 420aacatgtggg tctgcatgga g
2142121DNARattus norvegicus 421aaatccatct gcctcatcct c
2142221DNARattus norvegicus 422aacctagtgg tgctcaacct t
2142321DNARattus norvegicus 423aaccttttca tcgctttact g
2142421DNARattus norvegicus 424aactccttca gcgcggacaa c
2142521DNARattus norvegicus 425aacctcacgg ctccagagga t
2142621DNARattus norvegicus 426aacaacttgc agttagcact g
2142721DNARattus norvegicus 427aacttgcagt tagcactggc c
2142821DNARattus norvegicus 428aaggtggaga cccagctggg c
2142921DNARattus norvegicus 429aagcccccac tcaccagctc a
2143021DNARattus norvegicus 430aagaaccaca ttgccactga t
2143121DNARattus norvegicus 431aaccacattg ccactgatgc t
2143221DNARattus norvegicus 432aacctgacaa agccagctct c
2143321DNARattus norvegicus 433aaagccagct ctcagtagcc c
2143421DNARattus norvegicus 434aaggagaacc acggggactt c
2143521DNARattus norvegicus 435aaccacgggg acttcatcac t
2143621DNARattus norvegicus 436aacgtgtggg tctctgtgcc c
2143721DNARattus norvegicus 437aatctgacct cgacgagctc g
2143821DNARattus norvegicus 438aagatatgga gcaggcttcg c
2143921DNARattus norvegicus 439aagaggaccc caagggacag c
2144021DNARattus norvegicus 440aagggacagc aggagcagtt g
2144121DNARattus norvegicus 441aagtccaaaa gtgtgaaaac c
2144221DNARattus norvegicus 442aaaagtgtga aaaccaccag g
2144321DNARattus norvegicus 443aagtgtgaaa accaccaggc a
2144421DNARattus norvegicus 444aaaaccacca ggcagccaga a
2144521DNARattus norvegicus 445aaccaccagg cagccagaag c
2144621DNARattus norvegicus 446aagcccagcc tccatgatgt c
2144721DNARattus norvegicus 447aagaggaagg atagccctca g
2144821DNARattus norvegicus 448aaggatagcc ctcaggtccc t
2144921DNARattus norvegicus 449aaatcctgag gaagatcccc g
2145021DNARattus norvegicus 450aagatccccg agctggcaga t
2145121DNARattus norvegicus 451aaggctgcac tcgccgctgt c
2145221DNARattus norvegicus 452aacgtgaata ctagcaagtc t
2145321DNARattus norvegicus 453aatactagca agtctccttg g
2145421DNARattus norvegicus 454aagtctcctt gggccacagg c
2145521DNARattus norvegicus 455aagacctgct accgcatcgt g
2145621DNARattus norvegicus 456aactacctgg aagagaaacc c
2145721DNARattus norvegicus 457aagagaaacc ccgagtgaag t
2145821DNARattus norvegicus 458aaaccccgag tgaagtccgt g
2145921DNARattus norvegicus 459aagtccgtgc tggagtacac t
2146021DNARattus norvegicus 460aagtgggtag cctatggctt c
2146121DNARattus norvegicus 461aaaaagtatt tcaccaatgc c
2146221DNARattus norvegicus 462aaagtatttc accaatgcct g
2146321DNARattus norvegicus 463aatgcctggt gctggctgga c
2146421DNARattus norvegicus 464aacatctccc tgacaagcct c
2146521DNARattus norvegicus 465aagcctcata gcgaagatcc t
2146621DNARattus norvegicus 466aagatccttg agtattccga c
2146721DNARattus norvegicus 467aaagcccttc ggactctccg t
2146821DNARattus norvegicus 468aaggcatgag ggtagtggtg g
2146921DNARattus norvegicus 469aacgtcctcc tcgtctgcct c
2147021DNARattus norvegicus 470aacctcttcg ccgggaaatt t
2147121DNARattus norvegicus 471aaattttcga agtgcgtcga c
2147221DNARattus norvegicus 472aagtgcgtcg acaccagaaa t
2147321DNARattus norvegicus 473aaataaccca ttttccaacg t
2147421DNARattus norvegicus 474aacccatttt ccaacgtgaa t
2147521DNARattus norvegicus 475aacgtgaatt cgacgatggt g
2147621DNARattus norvegicus 476aattcgacga tggtgaataa c
2147721DNARattus norvegicus 477aataacaagt ccgagtgtca c
2147821DNARattus norvegicus 478aacaagtccg agtgtcacaa t
2147921DNARattus norvegicus 479aagtccgagt gtcacaatca a
2148021DNARattus norvegicus 480aatcaaaaca gcaccggcca c
2148121DNARattus norvegicus 481aaaacagcac cggccacttc t
2148221DNARattus norvegicus 482aacagcaccg gccacttctt c
2148321DNARattus norvegicus 483aacgtcaaag tcaacttcga c
2148421DNARattus norvegicus 484aaagtcaact tcgacaacgt c
2148521DNARattus norvegicus 485aacttcgaca acgtcgctat g
2148621DNARattus norvegicus 486aacgtcgcta tgggctacct c
2148721DNARattus norvegicus 487aaccttcaaa ggctggatgg a
2148821DNARattus norvegicus 488aaaggctgga tggacataat g
2148921DNARattus norvegicus 489aatgtatgca gctgttgatt c
2149021DNARattus norvegicus 490aacagtcagc ctaactggga g
2149121DNARattus norvegicus 491aactgggaga acaacttgta c
2149221DNARattus norvegicus 492aacaacttgt acatgtacct g
2149321DNARattus norvegicus 493aacttgtaca tgtacctgta c
2149421DNARattus norvegicus 494aatctctttg ttggggtcat a
2149521DNARattus norvegicus 495aatcgacaac ttcaaccaac a
2149621DNARattus norvegicus 496aacttcaacc aacagaaaaa a
2149721DNARattus norvegicus 497aaccaacaga aaaaaaagct a
2149821DNARattus norvegicus 498aacagaaaaa aaagctagga g
2149921DNARattus norvegicus 499aaaaaaaagc taggaggcca g
2150021DNARattus norvegicus 500aaaaaagcta ggaggccagg a
2150121DNARattus norvegicus 501aaaagctagg aggccaggac a
2150221DNARattus norvegicus 502aagctaggag gccaggacat c
2150321DNARattus norvegicus 503aagagcagaa gaagtactac a
2150421DNARattus norvegicus 504aagaagtact acaatgccat g
2150521DNARattus norvegicus 505aagtactaca atgccatgaa g
2150621DNARattus norvegicus 506aatgccatga agaagctggg c
2150721DNARattus norvegicus 507aagaagctgg gctccaagaa a
2150821DNARattus norvegicus 508aagctgggct ccaagaaacc c
2150921DNARattus norvegicus 509aagaaacccc agaagcccat c
2151021DNARattus norvegicus 510aaaccccaga agcccatccc a
2151121DNARattus norvegicus 511aagcccatcc cacggcccct g
2151221DNARattus norvegicus 512aataagtacc aaggcttcgt g
2151321DNARattus norvegicus 513aagtaccaag gcttcgtgtt t
2151421DNARattus norvegicus 514aaggcttcgt gtttgacatc g
2151521DNARattus norvegicus 515aagcctttga catcatcatc a
2151621DNARattus norvegicus 516aacatgatca ccatgatggt g
2151721DNARattus norvegicus 517aagacgaagg ttctgggcag a
2151821DNARattus norvegicus 518aaggttctgg gcagaatcaa c
2151921DNARattus norvegicus 519aatcaaccag ttctttgtgg c
2152021DNARattus norvegicus 520aaccagttct ttgtggccgt c
2152121DNARattus norvegicus 521aagatgttcg ccctgcgaca g
2152221DNARattus norvegicus 522aacggctgga acgtgttcga c
2152321DNARattus norvegicus 523aacgtgttcg acttcatagt g
2152421DNARattus norvegicus 524aatccttaag tcactggaaa a
2152521DNARattus norvegicus 525aagtcactgg aaaactactt c
2152621DNARattus norvegicus 526aaaactactt ctccccgacg c
2152721DNARattus norvegicus 527aactacttct ccccgacgct c
2152821DNARattus norvegicus 528aaggggattc gcacgctgct c
2152921DNARattus norvegicus 529aacatcggcc tcctcctctt c
2153021DNARattus norvegicus 530aacgtcgtgg acgaggccgg c
2153121DNARattus norvegicus 531aacttcaaga cctttggcaa c
2153221DNARattus norvegicus 532aagacctttg gcaacagcat g
2153321DNARattus norvegicus 533aacagcatgc tgtgcctgtt c
2153421DNARattus norvegicus 534aacacggggc ctccctactg c
2153521DNARattus norvegicus 535aacctgccca acagcaacgg c
2153621DNARattus norvegicus 536aacagcaacg
gctcccgggg g 2153721DNARattus norvegicus 537aacggctccc gggggaactg c
2153821DNARattus norvegicus 538aactgcggga gcccggcggt g
2153921DNARattus norvegicus 539aacatgtaca tcgcagtgat t
2154021DNARattus norvegicus 540aacttcaacg tggccaccga g
2154121DNARattus norvegicus 541aacgtggcca ccgaggagag c
2154221DNARattus norvegicus 542aagttcgacc cggaggccac c
2154321DNARattus norvegicus 543aatccccaaa cccaaccaga a
2154421DNARattus norvegicus 544aaacccaacc agaatatatt a
2154521DNARattus norvegicus 545aaccagaata tattaatcca g
2154621DNARattus norvegicus 546aatatattaa tccagatgga c
2154721DNARattus norvegicus 547aatccagatg gacctgccgt t
2154821DNARattus norvegicus 548aagatccact gtctggacat c
2154921DNARattus norvegicus 549aaagaacgtc ttgggagaat c
2155021DNARattus norvegicus 550aacgtcttgg gagaatccgg g
2155121DNARattus norvegicus 551aatccgggga gttggactcc c
2155221DNARattus norvegicus 552aagaccaata tggaagagaa g
2155321DNARattus norvegicus 553aatatggaag agaagtttat g
2155421DNARattus norvegicus 554aagagaagtt tatggcgacc a
2155521DNARattus norvegicus 555aagtttatgg cgaccaatct c
2155621DNARattus norvegicus 556aatctctcca aagcatccta t
2155721DNARattus norvegicus 557aaagcatcct atgaaccaat a
2155821DNARattus norvegicus 558aaccaatagc caccaccctc c
2155921DNARattus norvegicus 559aatagccacc accctccggt g
2156021DNARattus norvegicus 560aagcaggaag acctctcagc c
2156121DNARattus norvegicus 561aagacctctc agccacagtc a
2156221DNARattus norvegicus 562aaaaggccta ccggagctac a
2156321DNARattus norvegicus 563aaggcctacc ggagctacat g
2156421DNARattus norvegicus 564aacaccctgc atgtgcccag g
2156521DNARattus norvegicus 565aaggctacgt tacattcatg g
2156621DNARattus norvegicus 566aaacagtgga ctcccggaca a
2156721DNARattus norvegicus 567aaatcagaaa ctgcctctgc t
2156821DNARattus norvegicus 568aaactgcctc tgctacgtct t
2156921DNARattus norvegicus 569aacattaacc catctagctc a
2157021DNARattus norvegicus 570aacccatcta gctcaatgca a
2157121DNARattus norvegicus 571aatgcaaaat gaagatgagg t
2157221DNARattus norvegicus 572aaaatgaaga tgaggtcgct g
2157321DNARattus norvegicus 573aatgaagatg aggtcgctgc t
2157421DNARattus norvegicus 574aagatgaggt cgctgctaag g
2157521DNARattus norvegicus 575aaggaaggaa acagccctgg a
2157621DNARattus norvegicus 576aaggaaacag ccctggacct c
2157721DNARattus norvegicus 577aaacagccct ggacctcagt g 21
* * * * *