U.S. patent application number 13/990158 was filed with the patent office on 2014-08-21 for antigen-binding molecule capable of binding to plurality of antigen molecules repeatedly.
This patent application is currently assigned to CHUGAI SEIYAKU KABUSHIKI KAISHA. The applicant listed for this patent is Takeshi Baba, Miho Funaki, Naoka Hironiwa, Tomoyuki Igawa, Shinya Ishii, Atsuhiko Maeda, Junichi Nezu, Yoshinao Ruike, Shun Shimizu. Invention is credited to Takeshi Baba, Miho Funaki, Naoka Hironiwa, Tomoyuki Igawa, Shinya Ishii, Atsuhiko Maeda, Junichi Nezu, Yoshinao Ruike, Shun Shimizu.
Application Number | 20140234340 13/990158 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46171919 |
Filed Date | 2014-08-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140234340 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Igawa; Tomoyuki ; et
al. |
August 21, 2014 |
ANTIGEN-BINDING MOLECULE CAPABLE OF BINDING TO PLURALITY OF ANTIGEN
MOLECULES REPEATEDLY
Abstract
An objective of the present invention is to provide methods for
promoting antigen uptake into cells by antigen-binding molecules,
methods for increasing the number of times of antigen binding by
one antigen-binding molecule, methods for promoting reduction of
the antigen concentration in plasma by administering
antigen-binding molecules, and methods for improving the plasma
retention of an antigen-binding molecule, as well as
antigen-binding molecules that allow enhanced antigen uptake into
cells, antigen-binding molecules having an increased number of
times of antigen binding, antigen-binding molecules that can
promote reduction of the antigen concentration in plasma when
administered, antigen-binding molecules with improved plasma
retention, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the above
antigen-binding molecules, and methods for producing them. The
present inventors revealed that the above objective can be achieved
by using antigen-binding molecules that show calcium-dependent
antigen-antibody reaction.
Inventors: |
Igawa; Tomoyuki; (Shizuoka,
JP) ; Ishii; Shinya; (Shizuoka, JP) ; Funaki;
Miho; (Shizuoka, JP) ; Hironiwa; Naoka;
(Shizuoka, JP) ; Maeda; Atsuhiko; (Shizuoka,
JP) ; Nezu; Junichi; (Shizuoka, JP) ; Ruike;
Yoshinao; (Shizuoka, JP) ; Baba; Takeshi;
(Shizuoka, JP) ; Shimizu; Shun; (Shizuoka,
JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Igawa; Tomoyuki
Ishii; Shinya
Funaki; Miho
Hironiwa; Naoka
Maeda; Atsuhiko
Nezu; Junichi
Ruike; Yoshinao
Baba; Takeshi
Shimizu; Shun |
Shizuoka
Shizuoka
Shizuoka
Shizuoka
Shizuoka
Shizuoka
Shizuoka
Shizuoka
Shizuoka |
|
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP
JP |
|
|
Assignee: |
CHUGAI SEIYAKU KABUSHIKI
KAISHA
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
46171919 |
Appl. No.: |
13/990158 |
Filed: |
November 30, 2011 |
PCT Filed: |
November 30, 2011 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP2011/077619 |
371 Date: |
March 28, 2014 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/172.1 ;
435/69.6; 435/7.92; 506/9; 530/387.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07K 16/248 20130101;
C07K 16/2866 20130101; C07K 2317/565 20130101; G01N 33/53 20130101;
C07K 16/18 20130101; C07K 16/4291 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/172.1 ;
530/387.1; 435/69.6; 506/9; 435/7.92 |
International
Class: |
C07K 16/18 20060101
C07K016/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 30, 2010 |
JP |
2010-266121 |
Sep 30, 2011 |
JP |
2011-217886 |
Claims
1-74. (canceled)
75. An antibody comprising an antigen-binding domain and a human
FcRn-binding domain, wherein the antibody has an antigen-binding
activity that is lower under a low calcium concentration condition
than under a high calcium concentration condition, wherein the low
calcium concentration is an ionized calcium concentration of 0.1
.mu.M to 30 .mu.M and the high calcium concentration is an ionized
calcium concentration of 100 .mu.M to 10 mM and wherein the
antigen-binding domain comprises a light chain variable domain and
a heavy chain variable domain, each comprising three CDRs, and
wherein a calcium-binding motif is located within a CDR of the
light chain variable domain and/or within a CDR of the heavy chain
variable domain.
76. The antibody of claim 75, wherein the calcium-binding motif
comprises the amino acid(s) at positions 30, 31, and/or 32 (Kabat
numbering) in CDR1 of the light chain variable domain.
77. The antibody of claim 75, wherein the calcium-binding motif
comprises the amino acid at position 50 (Kabat numbering) in CDR2
of the light chain variable domain.
78. The antibody of claim 75, wherein the calcium-binding motif
comprises the amino acid at position 92 (Kabat numbering) in CDR3
of the light chain variable domain.
79. The antibody of claim 75, wherein the calcium-binding motif
comprises the amino acid(s) at positions 95, 96, 100a and/or 101
(Kabat numbering) in CDR3 of the heavy chain variable domain.
80. The antibody of claim 75, wherein the antigen-binding activity
of the antibody is lower at acidic pH than at neutral pH.
81. The antibody of claim 75, wherein the FcRn-binding domain is a
modified Fc region wherein the amino acid sequence of the modified
Fc region varies from the sequence of a wild type Fc domain at one
or more of positions 248, 250, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 265,
286, 289, 297, 303, 305, 307, 308, 309, 311, 312, 314, 315, 317,
332, 334, 360, 376, 380, 382, 384, 385, 386, 387, 389, 424, 428,
433, 434, and 436 (EU numbering).
82. A method of producing a calcium concentration-dependent
antibody, the method comprising: (a) contacting an antigen with an
antibody or a library of antibodies under a high calcium
concentration condition, thereby producing an antigen/antibody
complex, wherein the high calcium concentration is an ionized
calcium concentration of 100 .mu.M to 10 mM; (b) placing the
antigen/antibody complex under a low calcium concentration
condition, wherein the low calcium concentration is an ionized
calcium concentration of 0.1 .mu.M to 30 .mu.M; (c) obtaining an
antibody that dissociates from the antigen/antibody complex in step
(b); (d) obtaining nucleic acid encoding the antibody obtained in
step (c); and (e) producing the antibody by expressing the nucleic
acid obtained in step (d).
83. A method of producing a calcium concentration-dependent
antibody, the method comprising: (a) contacting an antigen with an
antibody or a library of antibodies under a low calcium
concentration condition, wherein the low calcium concentration is
an ionized calcium concentration of 0.1 .mu.M to 30 .mu.M; (b)
selecting an antibody that does not bind to the antigen in step
(a); (c) allowing the antibody selected in step (b) to bind to the
antigen under a high calcium concentration condition, wherein the
high calcium concentration is an ionized calcium concentration of
100 .mu.M to 10 mM; (d) selecting an antibody that binds to the
antigen in step (c); (e) obtaining nucleic acid encoding the
antibody obtained in step (d); and (f) producing the antibody by
expressing the nucleic acid obtained in step (e).
84. The method of claim 82, further comprising altering the coding
sequence of the nucleic acid to encode a modified antibody, wherein
the human FcRn-binding activity of the modified antibody at a
neutral pH is higher than that of the antibody that was not so
modified.
85. The method of claim 82, further comprising altering the coding
sequence of the nucleic acid to encode a modified antibody, wherein
the antigen-binding activity of the modified antibody at an acidic
pH is (1) decreased compared to the antigen-binding activity at the
acidic pH of the antibody that was not so modified, and (2) lower
than the antigen-binding activity of the modified antibody at
neutral pH.
86. The method of claim 83, further comprising altering the coding
sequence of the nucleic acid to encode a modified antibody, wherein
the human FcRn-binding activity of the modified antibody at a
neutral pH is higher than that of the antibody that was not so
modified.
87. The method of claim 83, further comprising altering the coding
sequence of the nucleic acid to encode a modified antibody, wherein
the antigen-binding activity of the modified antibody at an acidic
pH is (1) decreased compared to the antigen-binding activity at the
acidic pH of the antibody that was not so modified, and (2) lower
than the antigen-binding activity of the modified antibody at
neutral pH.
88. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody of claim
75 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
89. A method of screening for a calcium concentration-dependent
antibody, the method comprising: (a) contacting an antigen with an
antibody or library of antibodies under a high calcium
concentration condition, to produce an antigen/antibody complex,
wherein the high calcium concentration is an ionized calcium
concentration of 100 .mu.M to 10 mM; (b) placing the
antigen/antibody complex under a low calcium concentration
condition, wherein the low calcium concentration is an ionized
calcium concentration of 0.1 .mu.M to 30 .mu.M; and (c) obtaining
an antibody that dissociates from the antigen/antibody complex in
step (b).
90. A method of screening for a calcium concentration-dependent
antibody, the method comprising: (a) contacting an antigen with an
antibody or a library of antibodies under a low calcium
concentration condition, wherein the low calcium concentration is
an ionized calcium concentration of 0.1 .mu.M to 30 .mu.M; (b)
selecting an antibody that does not bind to the antigen in step
(a); (c) allowing the antibody selected in step (b) to bind to the
antigen under a high calcium concentration condition, wherein the
high calcium concentration is an ionized calcium concentration of
100 .mu.M to 10 mM; and (d) obtaining an antibody that binds to the
antigen in step (c).
91. A method for promoting antigen uptake into a cell in a subject
in need thereof, the method comprising administering the antibody
of claim 75 to the subject.
92. A method for reducing the plasma concentration of an antigen in
a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering the
antibody of claim 75 to the subject.
93. The method of claim 91, wherein the antigen-binding activity of
the antibody is lower at acidic pH than at neutral pH.
94. The method of claim 92, wherein the antigen-binding activity of
the antibody is lower at acidic pH than at neutral pH.
Description
BACKGROUND ART
[0001] Antibodies are drawing attention as pharmaceuticals as they
are highly stable in plasma and have few side effects. At present,
a number of IgG-type antibody pharmaceuticals are available on the
market and many antibody pharmaceuticals are currently under
development (Non-patent Documents 1 and 2). Meanwhile, various
technologies applicable to second-generation antibody
pharmaceuticals have been reported, including those that enhance
effector function, antigen-binding ability, pharmacokinetics, and
stability, and those that reduce the risk of immunogenicity
(Non-patent Document 3). In general, the requisite dose of an
antibody pharmaceutical is very high. This in turn has led to
problems such as high production cost, as well as the difficulty in
producing subcutaneous formulations. In theory, the dose of an
antibody pharmaceutical may be reduced by improving antibody
pharmacokinetics or improving the affinity between antibodies and
antigens.
[0002] The literature has reported methods for improving antibody
pharmacokinetics using artificial substitution of amino acids in
constant regions (Non-patent Documents 4 and 5). Similarly,
affinity maturation has been reported as a technology for enhancing
antigen-binding ability or antigen-neutralizing activity
(Non-patent Document 6). This technology enables enhancement of
antigen-binding activity by introducing amino acid mutations into
the CDR region of a variable region or such. The enhancement of
antigen-binding ability enables improvement of in vitro biological
activity or reduction of dosage, and further enables improvement of
in vivo efficacy (Non-patent Document 7).
[0003] Meanwhile, the antigen-neutralizing capacity of a single
antibody molecule depends on its affinity. By increasing the
affinity, an antigen can be neutralized by a smaller amount of an
antibody. Various methods can be used to enhance antibody affinity
(Non-patent Document 6). Furthermore, if the affinity could be made
infinite by covalently binding the antibody to the antigen, a
single antibody molecule could neutralize one antigen molecule (a
divalent antibody can neutralize two antigen molecules). However,
the stoichiometric neutralization of one antibody against one
antigen (one divalent antibody against two antigens) is the limit
of pre-existing methods, and thus it was impossible to completely
neutralize antigen with an amount of antibody smaller than the
amount of antigen. In other words, the affinity-enhancing effect
has a limit (Non-Patent Document 9). To prolong the neutralization
effect of a neutralizing antibody for a certain period, the
antibody must be administered at a dose higher than the amount of
antigen produced in the body during the same period. Therefore,
with just the above-described improvement of antibody
pharmacokinetics or affinity maturation technology, there were
limitations when it comes to reduction of the required antibody
dose. Accordingly, in order to sustain antibody's
antigen-neutralizing effect for a target period with an amount of
the antibody smaller than the amount of antigen, a single antibody
must neutralize multiple antigens.
[0004] An antibody that binds to an antigen in a pH-dependent
manner has recently been reported as a novel method for achieving
the above objective (Patent Document 1). The antibodies with
pH-dependent antigen binding, which strongly bind to an antigen
under the neutral conditions in plasma and dissociate from the
antigen under acidic conditions in the endosome, can dissociate
from the antigen in the endosome. When an antibody with
pH-dependent antigen binding dissociates from the antigen is
recycled to the plasma by FcRn, it can bind to another antigen
again. Thus, a single antibody can repeatedly bind to a number of
antigens.
[0005] In addition, plasma retention of the antigen is very short
as compared to antibodies recycled via FcRn binding. When an
antibody with long plasma retention binds to such an antigen with a
short plasma retention, the plasma retention time of the
antigen-antibody complex is prolonged to the same as that of the
antibody. Thus, the plasma retention of the antigen is prolonged by
binding to the antibody, and thus the plasma antigen concentration
is increased. In such cases, even if the antigen affinity of the
antibody is improved, antigen elimination from the plasma cannot be
enhanced. The above-described antibodies with pH-dependent antigen
binding have been reported to be more effective as a method for
enhancing antigen elimination from the plasma as compared to common
antibodies (Patent Document 1).
[0006] Thus, a single antibody with pH-dependent antigen binding
binds to a number of antigens and is capable of facilitating
antigen elimination from the plasma as compared to common
antibodies. Accordingly, the antibodies with pH-dependent antigen
binding have effects not achieved by common antibodies. However,
the only known method for achieving the effect of repeated binding
of an antibody with pH-dependent antigen binding to antigen, and
the effect of promoting antigen elimination from plasma, was to
confer pH dependency on the antigen-antibody reaction using the pH
difference between plasma and endosome. Prior art documents related
to the present invention are shown below:
PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS
Patent Documents
[0007] [Patent Document 1] WO 2009/125825, ANTIGEN-BINDING MOLECULE
CAPABLE OF BINDING TO TWO OR MORE ANTIGEN MOLECULES REPEATEDLY
Non-Patent Documents
[0007] [0008] [Non-patent Document 1] Monoclonal antibody successes
in the clinic, Janice M Reichert, Clark J Rosensweig, Laura B Faden
& Matthew C Dewitz, Nature Biotechnology 23, 1073-1078 (2005)
[0009] [Non-patent Document 2] Pavlou A K, Belsey M J., The
therapeutic antibodies market to 2008., Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005
April; 59(3): 389-96 [0010] [Non-patent Document 3] Kim S J, Park
Y, Hong H J., Antibody engineering for the development of
therapeutic antibodies., Mol. Cells. 2005 Aug. 31; 20(1): 17-29.
Review [0011] [Non-patent Document 4] Hinton P R, Xiong J M, Johlfs
M G, Tang M T, Keller S, Tsurushita N., An engineered human IgG1
antibody with longer serum half-life, J. Immunol. 2006 Jan. 1;
176(1): 346-56 [0012] [Non-patent Document 5] Ghetie V, Popov S,
Borvak J, Radu C, Matesoi D, Medesan C, Ober R J, Ward E S.,
Increasing the serum persistence of an IgG fragment by random
mutagenesis, Nat. Biotechnol. 1997 July; 15(7): 637-40 [0013]
[Non-patent Document 6] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005 Jun. 14;
102(24): 8466-71. Epub 2005 Jun. 6. A general method for greatly
improving the affinity of antibodies by using combinatorial
libraries. Rajpal A, Beyaz N, Haber L, Cappuccilli G, Yee H, Bhatt
R R, Takeuchi T, Lerner R A, Crea R [0014] [Non-patent Document 7]
Wu H, Pfarr D S, Johnson S, Brewah Y A, Woods R M, Patel N K, White
W I, Young J F, Kiener P A. Development of Motavizumab, an
Ultra-potent Antibody for the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial
Virus Infection in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract. J Mol.
Biol. (2007) 368: 652-665 [0015] [Non-patent Document 8] Hanson C
V, Nishiyama Y, Paul S. Catalytic antibodies and their
applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2005 December; 16(6): 631-6
[Non-patent Document 9] Rathanaswami P, Roalstad S, Roskos L, Su Q
J, Lackie S, [0016] Babcook J. Demonstration of an in vivo
generated sub-picomolar affinity fully human monoclonal antibody to
interleukin-8. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005 Sep. 9; 334(4):
1004-13
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0017] The present invention was achieved in view of the above
circumstances. An objective of the present invention is to provide
methods for promoting antigen uptake into cells by using
antigen-binding molecules, methods for increasing the number of
times of antigen binding by one antigen-binding molecule, methods
for promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration by
administering antigen-binding molecules, methods for improving
plasma retention of antigen-binding molecules, antigen-binding
molecules that facilitate antigen uptake into cells,
antigen-binding molecules that have an increased number of times of
antigen binding, antigen-binding molecules capable of promoting the
reduction of plasma antigen concentration by administration,
antigen-binding molecules with improved plasma retention,
pharmaceutical compositions comprising the antigen-binding
molecules, and methods for producing those described above.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0018] The present inventors conducted dedicated studies on methods
for promoting antigen uptake into cells by antigen-binding
molecules (molecules such as polypeptides having the
antigen-binding activity), methods for increasing the number of
times of antigen binding by one antigen-binding molecule, methods
for promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration by
administering antigen-binding molecules, and methods for improving
the plasma retention of an antigen-binding molecule. As a result,
the present inventors focused on the difference in the calcium
concentration between plasma and early endosome, and then
discovered that: antigen uptake into cells by antigen-binding
molecules could be promoted by using antigen-binding molecules that
have antigen-antibody reactivity in a calcium dependent manner; the
number of times of antigen binding by one antigen-binding molecule
could be increased by repetitive antigen binding of an
antigen-binding molecule; the reduction of antigen concentration in
plasma could be promoted by administering antigen-binding
molecules; and that the plasma retention of antigen-binding
molecule could be improved.
[0019] Specifically, the present invention relates to methods for
promoting antigen uptake into cells by using antigen-binding
molecules that have antigen-antibody reactivity in a calcium
dependent manner, methods for increasing the number of times of
antigen binding by one antigen-binding molecule, methods for
promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration by
administering antigen-binding molecules, and methods for improving
the plasma retention of antigen-binding molecules, as well as
antigen-binding molecules that allow enhanced antigen uptake into
cells, antigen-binding molecules with an increased number of times
of antigen binding, antigen-binding molecules that can promote the
reduction of plasma antigen concentration when administered,
antigen-binding molecules with improved plasma retention,
pharmaceutical compositions comprising the above antigen-binding
molecules, and methods for producing them. More specifically, the
present invention relates to the following:
[1] an antigen-binding molecule comprising an antigen-binding
domain and a human FcRn-binding domain, whose antigen-binding
activity is different under two different calcium concentration
conditions and is lower under a low calcium concentration condition
than under a high calcium concentration condition, and which has
binding activity to human FcRn under a neutral pH condition; [2]
the antigen-binding molecule of [1], wherein the low calcium
concentration is an ionized calcium concentration of 0.1 to 30
.mu.M; [3] the antigen-binding molecule of [1], wherein the high
calcium concentration is an ionized calcium concentration of 100
.mu.M to 10 mM; [4] the antigen-binding molecule of [1] or [2],
wherein the low calcium concentration is an intraendosomal
concentration of ionized calcium; [5] the antigen-binding molecule
of [1] or [3], wherein the high calcium concentration is a plasma
concentration of ionized calcium; [6] the antigen-binding molecule
of any of [1] to [5], wherein the FcRn-binding domain is an Fc
region; [7] the antigen-binding molecule of any of [1] to [6],
further wherein the antigen-binding activity is lower under an
acidic pH condition than under a neutral pH condition; [8] the
antigen-binding molecule of [7], wherein at least one amino acid is
substituted with histidine, or at least one histidine is inserted
into the antigen-binding molecule; [9] the antigen-binding molecule
of any of [1] to [8], which binds to a membrane antigen or soluble
antigen; [10] the antigen-binding molecule of any of [1] to [9],
wherein the antigen is an antigen selected from the group
consisting of IL-6R, IL-6, IgA, human glypican 3, and IgE; [11] an
antigen-binding molecule comprising an antigen-binding domain and a
human FcRn-binding domain, whose antigen-binding activity is
different between two different calcium concentration conditions
and is lower under a low calcium concentration condition than under
a high calcium concentration condition, and wherein a light chain
or heavy chain of the antigen-binding domain comprises a
calcium-binding motif derived from a human antibody; [12] the
antigen-binding molecule of [11], wherein the calcium-binding motif
is comprised in the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and/or CDR3 of the
antigen-binding domain; [13] the antigen-binding molecule of [12],
wherein the calcium-binding motif is comprised at positions 30, 31,
and/or 32 according to Kabat's numbering in the light chain CDR1;
[14] the antigen-binding molecule of [12] or [13], wherein the
calcium-binding motif is comprised at position 50 according to
Kabat's numbering in the light chain CDR2; [15] the antigen-binding
molecule of any of [12] to [14], wherein the calcium-binding motif
is comprised at position 92 according to Kabat's numbering in the
light chain CDR3; [16] the antigen-binding molecule of any of [12]
to [15], which is either IgA or human glypican 3; [17] the
antigen-binding molecule of [11], wherein the calcium-binding motif
is comprised in the heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and/or CDR3 of the
antigen-binding domain; [18] the antigen-binding molecule of [16],
wherein the calcium-binding motif is comprised at positions 95, 96,
100a, and/or 101 according to Kabat's numbering in the heavy chain
CDR3; [19] the antigen-binding molecule of [17] or [18], which is
either IL-6R or IL-6; [20] the antigen-binding molecule of any of
[11] to [19], which comprises an FcRn-binding domain that has
FcRn-binding activity in the neutral pH range; [21] the
antigen-binding molecule of [20], wherein the FcRn-binding domain
is an Fc region; [22] the antigen-binding molecule of any of [1] to
[10], [20], or [21], wherein one or more amino acids at positions
248, 250, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 265, 286, 289, 297, 303,
305, 307, 308, 309, 311, 312, 314, 315, 317, 332, 334, 360, 376,
380, 382, 384, 385, 386, 387, 389, 424, 428, 433, 434, and 436 (EU
numbering) in the amino acid sequence of the Fc region are
different from those of the natural Fc region; [23] the
antigen-binding molecule of [22], which comprises any one or
combination of: Met at amino acid position 237; Ile at amino acid
position 248; Ala, Phe, Ile, Met, Gln, Ser, Val, Trp, or Tyr at
amino acid position 250; Phe, Trp, or Tyr at amino acid position
252; Thr at amino acid position 254; Glu at amino acid position
255; Asp, Glu, or Gln at amino acid position 256; Ala, Gly, Ile,
Leu, Met, Asn, Ser, Thr, or Val at amino acid position 257; His at
amino acid position 258; Ala at amino acid position 265; Ala or Glu
at amino acid position 286; His at amino acid position 289; Ala at
amino acid position 297; Ala at amino acid position 303; Ala at
amino acid position 305; Ala, Asp, Phe, Gly, His, Ile, Lys, Leu,
Met, Asn, Pro, Gln, Arg, Ser, Val, Trp, or Tyr at amino acid
position 307; Ala, Phe, Ile, Leu, Met, Pro, Gln, or Thr at amino
acid position 308; Ala, Asp, Glu, Pro, or Arg at amino acid
position 309; Ala, His, or Ile at amino acid position 311; Ala or
His at amino acid position 312; Lys or Arg at amino acid position
314; Ala, Asp, or His at amino acid position 315; Ala at amino acid
position 317; Val at amino acid position 332; Leu at amino acid
position 334; His at amino acid position 360; Ala at amino acid
position 376; Ala at amino acid position 380; Ala at amino acid
position 382; Ala at amino acid position 384; Asp or His at amino
acid position 385; Pro at amino acid position 386; Glu at amino
acid position 387; Ala or Ser at amino acid position 389; Ala at
amino acid position 424; Ala, Asp, Phe, Gly, His, Ile, Lys, Leu,
Asn, Pro, Gln, Ser, Thr, Val, Trp, or Tyr at amino acid position
428; Lys at amino acid position 433; Ala, Phe, His, Ser, Trp, or
Tyr at amino acid position 434; or
[0020] His, Ile, Leu, or Val at amino acid position 436; according
to EU numbering in the Fc region;
[24] the antigen-binding molecule of any of [1] to [23], wherein
the antigen-binding molecule is an antibody; [25] a method of
producing an antigen-binding molecule having at least one function
selected from: [0021] (i) function of promoting uptake of an
antigen into cells, [0022] (ii) function of binding to an antigen
two or more times, [0023] (iii) function of promoting the reduction
of plasma antigen concentration, and [0024] (iv) function of
excellence in plasma retention, wherein the method comprises the
steps of (a) to (e) below: [0025] (a) determining the
antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule under a low
calcium concentration condition; [0026] (b) determining the
antigen-binding activity of the antigen-binding molecule under a
high calcium concentration condition; [0027] (c) selecting an
antigen-binding molecule that has a lower antigen-binding activity
under the low calcium concentration condition than under the high
calcium concentration condition; [0028] (d) obtaining a gene
encoding the antigen-binding molecule selected in step (c); and
[0029] (e) producing the antigen-binding molecule using the gene
obtained in step (d); [26] a method of producing an antigen-binding
molecule having at least one function selected from: [0030] (i)
function of promoting uptake of an antigen into cells, [0031] (ii)
function of binding to an antigen two or more times, [0032] (iii)
function of promoting the reduction of plasma antigen
concentration, and [0033] (iv) function of excellence in plasma
retention, wherein the method comprises the steps of (a) to (e)
below: [0034] (a) contacting an antigen with an antigen-binding
molecule or a library of antigen-binding molecules under a high
calcium concentration condition; [0035] (b) placing an
antigen-binding molecule that binds to the antigen in step (a)
under a low calcium concentration condition; [0036] (c) obtaining
an antigen-binding molecule that dissociates in step (b); [0037]
(d) obtaining a gene encoding the antigen-binding molecule obtained
in step (c); and [0038] (e) producing the antigen-binding molecule
using the gene obtained in step (d); [27] a method of producing an
antigen-binding molecule having at least one function selected
from: [0039] (i) function of promoting uptake of an antigen into
cells, [0040] (ii) function of binding to an antigen two or more
times, [0041] (iii) function of promoting the reduction of plasma
antigen concentration, and [0042] (iv) function of excellence in
plasma retention, wherein the method comprises the steps of (a) to
(f) below: [0043] (a) contacting an antigen with an antigen-binding
molecule or a library of antigen-binding molecules under a low
calcium concentration condition; [0044] (b) selecting an
antigen-binding molecule that does not bind to the antigen in step
(a); [0045] (c) allowing the antigen-binding molecule selected in
step (b) to bind to the antigen under a high calcium concentration
condition; [0046] (d) obtaining an antigen-binding molecule that
bound to the antigen in step (c); [0047] (e) obtaining a gene
encoding the antigen-binding molecule obtained in step (d); and
[0048] (f) producing the antigen-binding molecule using the gene
obtained in step (e); [28] the production method of any of [25] to
[27], which additionally comprises the step of conferring or
increasing the human FcRn-binding activity under a neutral pH
condition by modifying an amino acid in the antigen-binding
molecule; [29] the production method of any of [25] to [27], which
additionally comprises the step of reducing the antigen-binding
activity under an acidic pH condition to be lower than that under a
neutral pH condition by modifying an amino acid in the
antigen-binding molecule; [30] the production method of any one of
[25] to [27], wherein the low calcium concentration is an ionized
calcium concentration of 0.1 to 30 .mu.M; [31] the production
method of any of [25] to [27], wherein the high calcium
concentration is an ionized calcium concentration of 100 .mu.M to
10 mM; [32] the production method of any of [25] to [27], wherein
the low calcium concentration is an intraendosomal concentration of
ionized calcium; [33] the production method of any of [25] to [27],
wherein the high calcium concentration is a plasma concentration of
ionized calcium; [34] the production method of [29], wherein the
amino acid modification in the antigen-binding molecule is
modification by substituting at least one amino acid with
histidine, or inserting at least one histidine into the
antigen-binding molecule; [35] the production method of any of [25]
to [34], wherein an antigen bound by the antigen-binding molecule
is an antigen selected from the group consisting of IL-6R, IL-6,
IgA, human glypican 3, and IgE; [36] the production method of any
of [25] to [35], wherein the antigen-binding molecule is an
antibody; [37] a pharmaceutical composition comprising: the
antigen-binding molecule of any of [1] to [24] or an
antigen-binding molecule produced by the production method of any
of [25] to [36], and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; [38]
the pharmaceutical composition of [37] for use in promoting
internalization of the antigen into cells; [39] the pharmaceutical
composition of [37] for use in promoting reduction of the antigen
concentration in plasma; [40] a pharmaceutical composition for use
in promoting antigen uptake into cells or reduction of plasma
antigen concentration, which comprises an antigen-binding molecule
comprising an antigen-binding domain and a human FcRn-binding
domain, whose antigen-binding activity is different between two
different calcium concentrations and is lower under a low calcium
concentration condition than under a high calcium concentration
condition; [41] the pharmaceutical composition of [40], wherein the
low calcium concentration is an ionized calcium concentration of
0.1 to 30 .mu.M; [42] the pharmaceutical composition of [40],
wherein the high calcium concentration is an ionized calcium
concentration of 100 .mu.M to 10 mM; [43] the pharmaceutical
composition of [40] or [41], wherein the low calcium concentration
is an intraendosomal concentration of ionized calcium; [44] the
pharmaceutical composition of [40] or [42], wherein the high
calcium concentration is a plasma concentration of ionized calcium;
[45] the pharmaceutical composition of any of [40] to [44], wherein
the FcRn-binding domain comprised in the antigen-binding molecule
is an Fc region; [46] the pharmaceutical composition of any of [40]
to [45], wherein the antigen-binding activity of the
antigen-binding molecule is lower under an acidic pH condition than
under a neutral pH condition; [47] the pharmaceutical composition
of claim 46, wherein the amino acid modification in the
antigen-binding molecule is modification by substituting at least
one amino acid with histidine, or inserting at least one histidine
into the antigen-binding molecule; [48] the pharmaceutical
composition of any of [40] to [47], wherein the antigen to which
the antigen-binding molecule binds is an antigen selected from the
group consisting of IL-6R, IL-6, IgA, human glypican 3, and IgE;
[49] a method of screening for an antigen-binding molecule that has
at least one function selected from: [0049] (i) function of
promoting uptake of an antigen into cells, [0050] (ii) function of
binding to an antigen two or more times, [0051] (iii) function of
promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration, and [0052]
(iv) function of excellence in plasma retention, wherein the method
comprises the steps of (a) to (c) below: [0053] (a) determining the
antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule under a low
calcium concentration condition; [0054] (b) determining the
antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule under a
high calcium concentration condition; and [0055] (c) selecting an
antigen-binding molecule whose antigen-binding activity is lower
under the low calcium concentration condition than under the high
calcium concentration condition; a method of screening for an
antigen-binding molecule that comprises at least one function
selected from: [0056] (i) function of promoting uptake of an
antigen into cells, [0057] (ii) function of binding to an antigen
two or more times, [0058] (iii) function of promoting the reduction
of plasma antigen concentration, and [0059] (iv) function of
excellence in plasma retention, wherein the method comprises the
steps of (a) to (c) below: [0060] (a) contacting an antigen with an
antigen-binding molecule or a library of antigen-binding molecules
under a high calcium concentration condition; [0061] (b) placing an
antigen-binding molecule that binds to the antigen in step (a)
under a low calcium concentration condition; and [0062] (c)
obtaining an antigen-binding molecule that dissociates in step (b);
[51] a method of screening for an antigen-binding molecule that
comprises at least one function selected from: [0063] (i) function
of promoting uptake of an antigen into cells, [0064] (ii) function
of binding to an antigen two or more times, [0065] (iii) function
of promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration, and
[0066] (iv) function of excellence in plasma retention, wherein the
method comprises the steps of (a) to (d) below: [0067] (a)
contacting an antigen with an antigen-binding molecule or a library
of antigen-binding molecules under a low calcium concentration
condition; [0068] (b) selecting an antigen-binding molecule that
does not bind to the antigen in step (a); [0069] (c) allowing the
antigen-binding molecule selected in step (b) to bind to the
antigen under a high calcium concentration condition; and [0070]
(d) obtaining an antigen-binding molecule bound to the antigen in
step (c); [52] the screening method of any of [49] to [51], wherein
the low calcium concentration is an ionized calcium concentration
of 0.1 to 30 .mu.M; [53] the screening method of any of [49] to
[51], wherein the high calcium concentration is an ionized calcium
concentration of 100 .mu.M to 10 mM; [54] the screening method of
any of [49] to [52], wherein the low calcium concentration is an
intraendosomal concentration of ionized calcium; [55] the screening
method of any of [49] to [51], or [53], wherein the high calcium
concentration is a plasma concentration of ionized calcium; [56]
the screening method of any of [49] to [55], wherein the antigen to
which the antigen-binding molecule binds is an antigen selected
from the group consisting of IL-6R, IL-6, IgA, human glypican 3,
and IgE; [57] the screening method of any of [49] to [56], wherein
the antigen-binding molecule is an antibody; [58] a method for
promoting antigen uptake into a cell by an antigen-binding molecule
by administering the antigen-binding molecule of any of [1] to [24]
or an antigen-binding molecule produced by the production method of
any of [25] to [36]; [59] a method for promoting the reduction of
plasma antigen concentration by administering the antigen-binding
molecule of any of [1] to [24] or an antigen-binding molecule
produced by the production method of any of [25] to [36]; [60] a
method for increasing the number of times of antigen binding by one
antigen-binding molecule by using the antigen-binding molecule of
any of [1] to [24] or an antigen-binding molecule produced by the
production method of any of [25] to [36]; [61] a method for
improving plasma retention of an antigen-binding molecule by using
the antigen-binding molecule of any of [1] to [24] or an
antigen-binding molecule produced by the production method of any
of [25] to [36]; [62] a method for promoting antigen uptake into a
cell by an antigen-binding molecule by administering an
antigen-binding molecule comprising an antigen-binding domain and a
human FcRn-binding domain, whose antigen-binding activity is
different between two different calcium concentrations and is lower
under a low calcium concentration condition than under a high
calcium concentration condition; [63] a method for promoting the
reduction of plasma antigen concentration by administering an
antigen-binding molecule comprising an antigen-binding domain and a
human FcRn-binding domain, whose antigen-binding activity is
different between two different calcium concentrations and is lower
under a low calcium concentration condition than under a high
calcium concentration condition; [64] a method for increasing the
number of times of antigen binding by one antigen-binding molecule
by using an antigen-binding molecule comprising an antigen-binding
domain and a human FcRn-binding domain, whose antigen-binding
activity is different between two different calcium concentrations
and is lower under a low calcium concentration condition than under
a high calcium concentration condition; [65] a method for improving
plasma retention of an antigen-binding molecule by using an
antigen-binding molecule comprising an antigen-binding domain and a
human FcRn-binding domain, whose antigen-binding activity is
different between two different calcium concentrations and is lower
under a low calcium concentration condition than under a high
calcium concentration condition; [66] the method of any of [62] to
[65], wherein the low calcium concentration is an ionized calcium
concentration of 0.1 to 30 .mu.M; [67] the method of any of [62] to
[66], wherein the high calcium concentration is an ionized calcium
concentration of 100 .mu.M to 10 mM; [68] the method of any of [62]
to [67], wherein the low calcium concentration is an intraendosomal
concentration of ionized calcium; [69] the method of any of [62] to
[68], wherein the high calcium concentration is a plasma
concentration of ionized calcium; [70] the method of any of [62] to
[69], wherein an FcRn-binding domain of the antigen-binding
molecule is an Fc region; [71] the method of any of [62] to [70],
wherein additionally the antigen-binding activity of the
antigen-binding molecule is lower under an acidic pH condition than
under a neutral pH condition; [72] the method of [71], wherein the
amino acid modification in the antigen-binding molecule is
modification by substituting at least one amino acid with
histidine, or inserting at least one histidine into the
antigen-binding molecule; [73] the method of any of [62] to [72],
wherein the antigen to which the antigen-binding molecule binds is
an antigen selected from the group consisting of IL-6R, IL-6, IgA,
human glypican 3, and IgE; and [74] the method of any of [62] to
[73], wherein the antigen-binding molecule is an antibody.
[0071] Furthermore, the present invention relates to kits for use
in the methods of the present invention, which comprise an
antigen-binding molecule of the present invention or an
antigen-binding molecule produced by production methods of the
present invention. The present invention also relates to agents for
promoting antigen uptake into cells by an antigen-binding molecule,
agents for promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration,
agents for increasing the number of times of antigen binding by one
antigen-binding molecule, and agents for improving plasma retention
of an antigen-binding molecule, all of which comprise as an active
ingredient an antigen-binding molecule of the present invention or
an antigen-binding molecule produced by the production method of
the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention relates
to the use of an antigen-binding molecule of the present invention
or an antigen-binding molecule produced by the production methods
of the present invention in the production of agents for promoting
antigen uptake into cells by an antigen-binding molecule, agents
for promoting reduction of plasma antigen concentration, agents for
increasing the number of times of antigen binding by an
antigen-binding molecule, or agents for improving plasma retention
of an antigen-binding molecule. The present invention also relates
to antigen-binding molecules of the present invention or
antigen-binding molecules produced by production methods of the
present invention for use in the methods of the present
invention.
Effects of the Invention
[0072] The present invention provides methods for promoting antigen
uptake into cells by antigen-binding molecules, methods for
increasing the number of times of antigen binding by one
antigen-binding molecule, methods for promoting the reduction of
plasma antigen concentration by administering antigen-binding
molecules, and methods for improving the plasma retention of an
antigen-binding molecule. Promotion of antigen uptake into cells by
antigen-binding molecules enables one to promote reduction of
plasma antigen concentration by administering the antigen-binding
molecules and also to promote the plasma retention of an
antigen-binding molecule. This can increase the number of times of
antigen binding by one antigen-binding molecule. Thus, such
antigen-binding molecules can produce more superior in vivo effects
as compared to typical antigen-binding molecules.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0073] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing that an antibody with
pH-dependent binding repeatedly binds to soluble antigens. (i) an
antibody binds to soluble antigens; (ii) the antibody is
non-specifically internalized into a cell via pinocytosis; (iii)
the antibody binds to FcRn within the endosome, and then the
soluble antigens dissociate from the antibody; (iv) the soluble
antigens are transferred into the lysosome and degraded; (v) after
dissociation from the soluble antigens, the antibody is recycled to
the plasma via FcRn; (vi) the recycled antibody can bind to soluble
antigens again.
[0074] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing that an antibody with
pH-dependent binding repeatedly binds to membrane antigens. (i) an
antibody binds to membrane antigens; (ii) the antibody is
internalized into a cell in a complex with the membrane antigens;
(iii) the antibody dissociates from the membrane antigens within
the endosome; (iv) the membrane antigens are transferred into the
lysosome and degraded; (v) after dissociation from the membrane
antigens, the antibody is recycled to the plasma; (vi) the recycled
can bind to membrane antigens again.
[0075] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the modes of interaction in
plasma (pH 7.4) and endosome (pH 6.0) between an antigen and an
antibody with pH-dependent binding.
[0076] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the modes of interaction in
plasma (Ca.sup.2+ 2 mM) and endosome (Ca.sup.2+ 3 .mu.M) between an
antigen and an antibody with calcium-dependent binding.
[0077] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the modes of interaction in
plasma (pH 7.4, Ca.sup.2+ 2 mM) and endosome (pH 6.0, Ca.sup.2+ 3
.mu.M) between an antigen and an antibody with pH- and
calcium-dependent binding.
[0078] FIG. 6 presents Biacore sensorgrams showing the interaction
of anti-human IL-6 receptor antibodies with soluble human IL-6
receptor under the conditions of (Ca.sup.2+ 2 mM) and (Ca.sup.2+ 3
.mu.M).
[0079] FIG. 7 presents a Biacore sensorgram showing the interaction
of H54/L28-IgG1 with soluble human IL-6 receptor under the
conditions of (Ca.sup.2+ 2 mM) and (Ca.sup.2+ 3 .mu.M).
[0080] FIG. 8 presents a Biacore sensorgram showing the interaction
of FH4-IgG1 with soluble human IL-6 receptor under the conditions
of (Ca.sup.2+ 2 mM) and (Ca.sup.2+ 3 .mu.M).
[0081] FIG. 9 presents a Biacore sensorgram showing the interaction
of 6RL#9-IgG1 with soluble human IL-6 receptor under the conditions
of (Ca.sup.2+ 2 mM) and (Ca.sup.2+ 3 .mu.M).
[0082] FIG. 10 describes a time course of the plasma antibody
concentration in normal mice administered with H54/L28-IgG1,
FH4-IgG1, or 6RL#9-IgG1.
[0083] FIG. 11 describes a time course of the plasma level of
soluble human IL-6 receptor (hsIL-6R) in normal mice administered
with H54/L28-IgG1, FH4-IgG1, or 6RL#9-IgG1.
[0084] FIG. 12 describes a time course of the plasma antibody
concentration in normal mice administered with H54/L28-N434W,
FH4-N434W, or 6RL#9-N434W.
[0085] FIG. 13 describes a time course of the plasma level of
soluble human IL-6 receptor (hsIL-6R) in normal mice administered
with H54/L28-N434W, FH4-N434W, or 6RL#9-N434W.
[0086] FIG. 14 shows the structure of heavy-chain CDR3 of an Fab
fragment from antibody 6RL#9 determined by X-ray
crystallography.
[0087] FIG. 15 presents Biacore sensorgrams showing the interaction
of anti-human IL-6 antibodies with human IL-6 under the conditions
of (Ca.sup.2+ 1.2 mM) and (Ca.sup.2+ 3 .mu.M).
[0088] FIG. 16 shows ion-exchange chromatograms for an antibody
having human Vk5-2 sequence and an antibody having h Vk5-2_L65
sequence which has a modified glycosylation sequence in the human
Vk5-2 sequence. Solid line indicates a chromatogram for an antibody
having human Vk5-2 sequence (heavy chain: CIM_H, SEQ ID NO: 48;
light chain: hVk5-2, fusion molecule between SEQ ID NOs: 41 and
28); broken line indicates a chromatogram for an antibody having
hVk5-2_L65 sequence (heavy chain: CIM_H (SEQ ID NO: 48); light
chain: hVk5-2_L65 (SEQ ID NO: 47)).
[0089] FIG. 17 shows ion-exchange chromatograms for an antibody
having LfVk1_Ca sequence (heavy chain: GC_H, SEQ ID NO: 102; light
chain: LfVk1_Ca, SEQ ID NO: 61) and an antibody having a sequence
in which Asp (D) in the LfVk1_Ca sequence is substituted with Ala
(A) after storage at 5.degree. C. (solid line) or 50.degree. C.
(dotted line). After storage at 5.degree. C., the highest peak in
the chromatogram for each antibody is defined as a main peak, and
the y axis of each ion-exchange chromatogram was normalized to the
main peak.
[0090] FIG. 18 shows ion-exchange chromatograms for an antibody
having LfVk1_Ca sequence (heavy chain: GC_H, SEQ ID NO: 102; light
chain: LfVk1_Ca, SEQ ID NO: 61) and an antibody having LfVk1_Ca6
sequence (heavy chain: GC_H, SEQ ID NO: 102; light chain:
LfVk1_Ca6, SEQ ID NO: 75) in which Asp (D) at position 30 (Kabat's
numbering system) in the LfVk1_Ca sequence is substituted with Ser
(S) after storage at 5.degree. C. (solid line) or 50.degree. C.
(dotted line). After storage at 5.degree. C., the highest peak in
the chromatogram for each antibody is defined as a main peak, and
the y axis of each ion-exchange chromatogram was normalized to the
main peak.
[0091] FIG. 19 presents Biacore sensorgrams showing the interaction
of anti-human CD4 antibodies with soluble human CD4 under the
conditions of (Ca.sup.2+ 1.2 mM) and (Ca.sup.2+ 3 .mu.M).
[0092] FIG. 20 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of anti-human CD4 antibodies in normal mice.
[0093] FIG. 21 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of soluble human CD4 in the group administered with soluble human
CD4 alone, the antibody TNX355-IgG1-administered group, the
antibody Q425-administered group, and the antibody
Q425L9-administered group of normal mice.
[0094] FIG. 22 presents Biacore sensorgrams showing the interaction
of anti-human IgA antibodies with human IgA under the conditions of
(Ca.sup.2+1.2 mM) and (Ca.sup.2+ 3 .mu.M).
[0095] FIG. 23 describes a time course of plasma antibody
concentrations in normal mice for the antibody
GA1-IgG1-administered group, the antibody GA2-IgG1-administered
group, the antibody GA3-IgG1-administered group, and the
GA2-N434W-administered group.
[0096] FIG. 24 describes a time course of the plasma human IgA
concentration in normal mice for the group administered with human
IgA alone, the antibody GA1-IgG1-administered group, the antibody
GA2-IgG1-administered group, the antibody GA3-IgG1-administered
group, and the antibody GA2-N434W-administered group.
[0097] FIG. 25 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of unbound human IgA in normal mice for the antibody
GA1-IgG1-administered group, the antibody GA2-IgG1-administered
group, the antibody GA3-IgG1-administered group, and the antibody
GA2-N434W-administered group.
[0098] FIG. 26 is an illustrative diagram showing the efficiency of
antigen elimination per antibody molecule for a general antibody
that forms a large immune complex with a multimeric antigen.
[0099] FIG. 27 is an illustrative diagram showing the efficiency of
antigen elimination per antibody molecule for a pH/Ca-dependent
antibody having the constant region of natural IgG1 which forms a
large immune complex with a multimeric antigen.
[0100] FIG. 28 is an illustrative diagram showing the efficiency of
antigen elimination per antibody molecule for a pH/Ca-dependent
multispecific antibody that recognizes two or more epitopes in a
monomeric antigen and is suitable for formation of a large immune
complex.
[0101] FIG. 29 describes the interaction of anti-human glypican 3
antibodies with recombinant human glypican 3 under the conditions
of (Ca.sup.2+ 1.2 mM) and (Ca.sup.2+ 3 .mu.M) by ELISA.
[0102] FIG. 30 describes the interaction of anti-human IgE
antibodies with recombinant human IgE under the conditions of
(Ca.sup.2+ 2 mM) and (Ca.sup.2+ 3 .mu.M) by ELISA.
[0103] FIG. 31 describes a time course of plasma antibody
concentrations in human FcRn transgenic mice.
[0104] FIG. 32 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of soluble human IL-6 receptor in human FcRn transgenic mice.
[0105] FIG. 33 describes a time course of plasma antibody
concentrations in normal mice.
[0106] FIG. 34 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of soluble human IL-6 receptor in normal mice.
[0107] FIG. 35 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of unbound soluble human IL-6 receptor in normal mice.
[0108] FIG. 36 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of soluble human IL-6 receptor in human FcRn transgenic mice.
[0109] FIG. 37 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of soluble human IL-6 receptor after administration of
Fv-4-IgG1-F14 at a lower dose (0.01 mg/kg) or 1 mg/kg.
[0110] FIG. 38 describes a time course of plasma antibody
concentrations after administration of Fv-4-IgG1-F14 at a lower
dose (0.01 mg/kg) or 1 mg/kg.
[0111] FIG. 39 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of soluble human IL-6 receptor after administration of anti-human
IL-6 receptor antibodies to normal mice in which the plasma
concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor is constant.
[0112] FIG. 40 describes a time course of plasma antibody
concentration after co-administration of hsIL-6R and an anti-human
IL-6 receptor antibody to human FcRn transgenic mice (lineage
276).
[0113] FIG. 41 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of soluble human IL-6 receptor after co-administration of hsIL-6R
and an anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody to human FcRn transgenic
mice (lineage 276).
[0114] FIG. 42 describes the relationship between the binding
affinity of Fc variants to human FcRn at pH 7.0 and plasma hsIL-6R
concentration one day after co-administration of hsIL-6R and an
anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody to human FcRn transgenic mice
(lineage 276).
[0115] FIG. 43 describes the relationship between the binding
affinity of Fc variants to human FcRn at pH 7.0 and plasma antibody
concentration one day after co-administration of hsIL-6R and an
anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody to human FcRn transgenic mice
(lineage 276).
[0116] FIG. 44 describes a time course of the molar
antigen/antibody ratio (C value) after co-administration of hsIL-6R
and an anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody to human FcRn transgenic
mice (lineage 276).
[0117] FIG. 45 describes the relationship between the binding
affinity of Fc variants to human FcRn at pH 7.0 and the molar
antigen/antibody ratio (C value) at day 1 after co-administration
of hsIL-6R and an anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody to human FcRn
transgenic mice (lineage 276).
[0118] FIG. 46 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of hsIL-6R after administration of Fv-4-IgG1-F14 at lower doses
(0.01 or 0.2 mg/kg) or 1 mg/kg to human FcRn transgenic mice
(lineage 276) in which the plasma concentration of hsIL-6R is
constant (steady-state infusion model).
[0119] FIG. 47 describes a time course of the plasma hsIL-6R
concentration in human FcRn transgenic mouse lineage 276 and
lineage 32 after co-administration of hsIL-6R and anti-human IL-6
receptor antibody to human FcRn transgenic mice (lineages 276 and
32).
[0120] FIG. 48 describes a time course of plasma antibody
concentration in human FcRn transgenic mouse lineage 276 and
lineage 32 after co-administration of hsIL-6R and anti-human IL-6
receptor antibody to human FcRn transgenic mice (lineages 276 and
32).
[0121] FIG. 49 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of hsIL-6R after administration of anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibody to human FcRn transgenic mice in which the plasma
concentration of hsIL-6R is constant (lineage 32) (steady-state
infusion model).
[0122] FIG. 50 describes a time course of plasma antibody
concentration after administration of anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibody to human FcRn transgenic mice in which the plasma
concentration of hsIL-6R is constant (lineage 32) (steady-state
infusion model).
[0123] FIG. 51 describes time courses of the molar antigen/antibody
ratio (value C) after administration of anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibody to human FcRn transgenic mice in which the plasma
concentration of hsIL-6R is constant (lineage 32) (steady-state
infusion model).
[0124] FIG. 52 describes the relationship between the binding
affinity of Fc variants to human FcRn at pH 7.0 and molar
antigen/antibody ratio (value C) at day 1 after administration of
anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody to human FcRn transgenic mice
(lineage 32) in which the plasma concentration of hsIL-6R is
constant (steady-state infusion model).
[0125] FIG. 53 shows in a graph a time course of plasma antibody
concentration after administration of anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibodies having Fc variant of F11, F39, F48, and F264 to human
FcRn transgenic mice in which the plasma concentration of hsIL-6R
is constant (lineage 32) (steady-state infusion model).
[0126] FIG. 54 shows in a graph a time course of the plasma
concentration of hsIL-6R after administration of anti-human IL-6
receptor antibodies having Fc variant of F11, F39, F48, and F264 to
human FcRn transgenic mice in which the plasma concentration of
hsIL-6R is constant (lineage 32) (steady-state infusion model).
[0127] FIG. 55 describes a time course of plasma antibody
concentration after administration of anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibodies having Fc variant of F157, F196, and F262 to human FcRn
transgenic mice in which the plasma concentration of hsIL-6R is
constant (lineage 32) (steady-state infusion model).
[0128] FIG. 56 describes a time course of the plasma concentration
of hsIL-6R after administration of anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibodies having Fc variant of F157, F196, and F262 to human FcRn
transgenic mice in which the plasma concentration of hsIL-6R is
constant (lineage 32) (steady-state infusion model).
MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0129] The present invention provides methods for promoting antigen
uptake into cells by antigen-binding molecules, methods for
increasing the number of times of antigen binding by one
antigen-binding molecule, methods for promoting the reduction of
plasma antigen concentration by administering antigen-binding
molecules, and methods for improving the plasma retention of an
antigen-binding molecule. Specifically, the present invention
provides methods for promoting antigen uptake into cells by
antigen-binding molecules, methods for increasing the number of
times of antigen binding by one antigen-binding molecule, methods
for promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration by
administering antigen-binding molecules, and methods for improving
the plasma retention of antigen-binding molecules, all of which use
an antigen-binding molecule that has a lower antigen-binding
activity (herein, sometimes referred to as "binding activity")
under a low calcium concentration condition than under a high
calcium concentration condition.
Amino Acids
[0130] Herein, amino acids are described in one- or three-letter
codes or both, for example, Ala/A, Leu/L, Arg/R, Lys/K, Asn/N,
Met/M, Asp/D, Phe/F, Cys/C, Pro/P, Gln/Q, Ser/S, Glu/E, Thr/T,
Gly/G, Trp/W, H is/H, Tyr/Y, Ile/I, or Val/V.
Antigens
[0131] Herein, "antigens" are not particularly limited in their
structure, as long as they comprise epitopes to which
antigen-binding domains bind. In other words, antigens can be
inorganic or organic substances; and alternatively, antigens can be
foreign or endogenous substances to organisms subjected to the
administration of the present invention. Examples of antigens bound
by the antigen-binding domains of antigen-binding molecules whose
pharmacokinetics is improved by methods of the present invention
preferably include membrane antigens such as receptor proteins
(membrane-bound receptors and soluble receptors) and cell surface
markers; soluble antigens such as cytokines; and antigens with
epitopes present only in foreign organisms. Such antigens include,
for example, the following molecules: 17-IA, 4-1 BB, 4Dc,
6-keto-PGF1a, 8-iso-PGF2a, 8-oxo-dG, A1 Adenosine Receptor, A33,
ACE, ACE-2, Activin, Activin A, Activin AB, Activin B, Activin C,
Activin RIA, Activin RIA ALK-2, Activin RIB ALK-4, Activin RITA,
Activin RIIB, ADAM, ADAM10, ADAM12, ADAM15, ADAM17/TACE, ADAMS,
ADAMS, ADAMTS, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, Addressins, adiponectin, ADP
ribosyl cyclase-1, aFGF, AGE, ALCAM, ALK, ALK-1, ALK-7, allergen,
.alpha.1-anticymotrypsin, .alpha.1-antitrypsin, .alpha.-synuclein,
.alpha.-V/.beta.-1 antagonist, aminin, amylin, amyloid .beta.,
amyloid immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region, amyloid
immunoglobulin light-chain variable region, Androgen, ANG,
angiotensinogen, Angiopoietin ligand-2, anti-Id, antithrombinlll,
Anthrax, APAF-1, APE, APJ, apo A1, apo serum amyloid A, Apo-SAA,
APP, APRIL, AR, ARC, ART, Artemin, ASPARTIC, Atrial natriuretic
factor, Atrial natriuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptides A,
atrial natriuretic peptides B, atrial natriuretic peptides C, av/b3
integrin, Ax1, B7-1, B7-2, B7-H, BACE, BACE-1, Bacillus anthracis
protective antigen, Bad, BAFF, BAFF-R, Bag-1, BAK, Bax, BCA-1,
BCAM, Bcl, BCMA, BDNF, b-ECGF, .beta.-2-microglobulin, .beta.
lactamase, bFGF, BID, Bik, BIM, BLC, BL-CAM, BLK, B-lymphocyte
Stimulator (BIyS), BMP, BMP-2 (BMP-2a), BMP-3 (Osteogenin), BMP-4
(BMP-2b), BMP-5, BMP-6 (Vgr-1), BMP-7 (OP-1), BMP-8 (BMP-8a), BMPR,
BMPR-IA (ALK-3), BMPR-IB (ALK-6), BMPR-II (BRK-3), BMPs, BOK,
Bombesin, Bone-derived neurotrophic factor, bovine growth hormone,
BPDE, BPDE-DNA, BRK-2, BTC, B-lymphocyte cell adhesion molecule,
C10, C1-inhibitor, C1q, C3, C3a, C4, C5, C5a (complement 5a),
CA125, CAD-8, Cadherin-3, Calcitonin, cAMP, Carbonic anhydrase-IX,
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carcinoma-associated antigen,
Cardiotrophin-1, Cathepsin A, Cathepsin B, Cathepsin C/DPPI,
Cathepsin D, Cathepsin E, Cathepsin H, Cathepsin L, Cathepsin O,
Cathepsin S, Cathepsin V, Cathepsin X/Z/P, CBL, CCI, CCK2, CCL,
CCL1/I-309, CCL11/Eotaxin, CCL12/MCP-5, CCL13/MCP-4, CCL14/HCC-1,
CCL15/HCC-2, CCL16/HCC-4, CCL17/TARC, CCL18/PARC, CCL19/ELC,
CCL2/MCP-1, CCL20/MIP-3-.alpha., CCL21/SLC, CCL22/MDC,
CCL23/MPIF-1, CCL24/Eotaxin-2, CCL25/TECK, CCL26/Eotaxin-3,
CCL27/CTACK, CCL28/MEC, CCL3/M1P-1-.alpha., CCL3L1/LD-78-.beta.,
CCL4/MIP-1-.beta., CCL5/RANTES, CCL6/C10, CCL7/MCP-3, CCL8/MCP-2,
CCL9/10/MTP-1-.gamma., CCR, CCR1, CCR10, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5,
CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CD1, CD10, CD105, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c,
CD123, CD13, CD137, CD138, CD14, CD140a, CD146, CD147, CD148, CD15,
CD152, CD16, CD164, CD18, CD19, CD2, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD25,
CD26, CD27L, CD28, CD29, CD3, CD30, CD30L, CD32, CD33 (p67
proteins), CD34, CD37, CD38, CD3E, CD4, CD40, CD40L, CD44, CD45,
CD46, CD49a, CD49b, CD5, CD51, CD52, CD54, CD55, CD56, CD6, CD61,
CD64, CD66e, CD7, CD70, CD74, CD8, CD80 (B7-1), CD89, CD95, CD105,
CD158a, CEA, CEACAMS, CFTR, cGMP, CGRP receptor, CINC, CKb8-1,
Claudin18, CLC, Clostridium botulinum toxin, Clostridium difficile
toxin, Clostridium perfringens toxin, c-Met, CMV, CMV UL, CNTF,
CNTN-1, complement factor 3 (C3), complement factor D,
corticosteroid-binding globulin, Colony stimulating factor-1
receptor, COX, C-Ret, CRG-2, CRTH2, CT-1, CTACK, CTGF, CTLA-4,
CX3CL1/Fractalkine, CX3CR1, CXCL, CXCL1/Gro-.alpha., CXCL10,
CXCL11/I-TAC, CXCL12/SDF-1-.alpha./.beta., CXCL13/BCA-1,
CXCL14/BRAK, CXCL15/Lungkine, CXCL16, CXCL16, CXCL2/Gro-.beta.
CXCL3/Gro-.gamma., CXCL3, CXCL4/PF4, CXCL5/ENA-78, CXCL6/GCP-2,
CXCL7/NAP-2, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/Mig, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCR, CXCR1,
CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, cystatin C, cytokeratin
tumor-associated antigen, DAN, DCC, DcR3, DC-SIGN, Decay
accelerating factor, Delta-like protein ligand 4, des(1-3)-IGF-1
(brain IGF-1), Dhh, DHICA oxidase, Dickkopf-1, digoxin, Dipeptidyl
peptidase IV, DK1, DNAM-1, Dnase, Dpp, DPPIV/CD26, Dtk, ECAD, EDA,
EDA-A1, EDA-A2, EDAR, EGF, EGFR (ErbB-1), EGF like domain
containing protein 7, Elastase, elastin, EMA, EMMPRIN, ENA, ENA-78,
Endosialin, endothelin receptor, endotoxin, Enkephalinase, eNOS,
Eot, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, eotaxini, EpCAM, Ephrin B2/EphB4, Epha2
tyrosine kinase receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),
ErbB2 receptor, ErbB3 tyrosine kinase receptor, ERCC,
erythropoietin (EPO), Erythropoietin receptor, E-selectin, ET-1,
Exodus-2, F protein of RSV, F10, F11, F12, F13, F5, F9, Factor Ia,
Factor IX, Factor Xa, Factor VII, factor VIII, Factor VIIIc, Fas,
Fc.alpha.R, FcepsilonRI, Fc.gamma.IIb, Fc.gamma.RI, Fc.gamma.RIIa,
Fc.gamma.RIIIa, Fc.gamma.RIIIb, FcRn, FEN-1, Ferritin, FGF, FGF-19,
FGF-2, FGF-2 receptor, FGF-3, FGF-8, FGF-acidic, FGF-basic, FGFR,
FGFR-3, Fibrin, fibroblast activation protein (FAP), fibroblast
growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-10, fibronectin, FL, FLIP,
Flt-3, FLT3 ligand, Folate receptor, follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH), Fractalkine (CX3C), free heavy chain, free light chain,
FZD1, FZD10, FZD2, FZD3, FZD4, FZD5, FZD6, FZD7, FZD8, FZD9, G250,
Gas 6, GCP-2, GCSF, G-CSF, G-CSF receptor, GD2, GD3, GDF, GDF-1,
GDF-15 (MIC-1), GDF-3 (Vgr-2), GDF-5 (BMP-14/CDMP-1), GDF-6
(BMP-13/CDMP-2), GDF-7 (BMP-12/CDMP-3), GDF-8 (Myostatin), GDF-9,
GDNF, Gelsolin, GFAP, GF-CSF, GFR-.alpha.1, GFR-.alpha.2,
GFR-.alpha.3, GF-.beta.1, gH envelope glycoprotein, GITR, Glucagon,
Glucagon receptor, Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, Glut 4,
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II, glycoprotein hormone receptors,
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa), Glypican-3, GM-CSF, GM-CSF
receptor, gp130, gp140, gp72, granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), GRO/MGSA,
Growth hormone releasing factor, GRO-.beta., GRO-.gamma., H.
pylori, Hapten (NP-cap or NIP-cap), HB-EGF, HCC, HCC 1, HCMV gB
envelope glycoprotein, HCMV UL, Hemopoietic growth factor (HGF),
Hep B gp120, heparanase, heparin cofactor II, hepatic growth
factor, Bacillus anthracis protective antigen, Hepatitis C virus E2
glycoprotein, Hepatitis E, Hepcidin, Her1, Her2/neu (ErbB-2), Her3
(ErbB-3), Her4 (ErbB-4), herpes simplex virus (HSV) gB
glycoprotein, HGF, HGFA, High molecular weight melanoma-associated
antigen (HMW-MAA), HIV envelope proteins such as GP120, HIV MIB
gp120 V3 loop, HLA, HLA-DR, HM1.24, HMFG PEM, HMGB-1, HRG, Hrk,
HSP47, Hsp90, HSV gD glycoprotein, human cardiac myosin, human
cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human growth hormone (hGH), human serum
albumin, human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA),
Huntingtin, HVEM, IAP, ICAM, ICAM-1, ICAM-3, ICE, ICOS,
IFN-.alpha., IFN-.beta., IFN-.gamma., IgA, IgA receptor, IgE, IGF,
IGF binding proteins, IGF-1, IGF-1 R, IGF-2, IGFBP, IGFR, IL, IL-1,
IL-10, IL-10 receptors, IL-11, IL-11 receptors, IL-12, IL-12
receptors, IL-13, IL-13 receptors, IL-15, IL-15 receptors, IL-16,
IL-16 receptors, IL-17, IL-17 receptors, IL-18 (IGIF), IL-18
receptors, IL-1.alpha., IL-10, IL-1 receptors, IL-2, IL-2
receptors, IL-20, IL-20 receptors, IL-21, IL-21 receptors, IL-23,
IL-23 receptors, IL-2 receptors, IL-3, IL-3 receptors, IL-31, IL-31
receptors, IL-3 receptors, IL-4, IL-4 receptors IL-5, IL-5
receptors, IL-6, IL-6 receptors, IL-7, IL-7 receptors, IL-8, IL-8
receptors, IL-9, IL-9 receptors, immunoglobulin immune complex,
immunoglobulins, INF-.alpha., INF-.alpha. receptors, INF-.beta.,
INF-.beta. receptors, INF-.gamma., INF-.gamma. receptors, IFN
type-I, IFN type-I receptor, influenza, inhibin, Inhibin .alpha.,
Inhibin .beta., iNOS, insulin, Insulin A-chain, Insulin B-chain,
Insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor 2,
insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, integrin, integrin
.alpha.2, integrin .alpha.3, integrin .alpha.4, integrin
.alpha.4/.beta.1, integrin .alpha.-V/.beta.-3, integrin
.alpha.-V/.beta.-6, integrin .alpha.4/.beta.7, integrin
.alpha.5/.beta.1, integrin .alpha.5/.beta.3, integrin
.alpha.5/.beta.6, integrin .alpha.-.delta. (.alpha.V), integrin
.alpha.-.theta., integrin .beta.1, integrin .beta.2, integrin
.beta.3 (GPIIb-IIIa), IP-10, I-TAC, JE, kalliklein, Kallikrein 11,
Kallikrein 12, Kallikrein 14, Kallikrein 15, Kallikrein 2,
Kallikrein 5, Kallikrein 6, Kallikrein L1, Kallikrein L2,
Kallikrein L3, Kallikrein L4, kallistatin, KC, KDR, Keratinocyte
Growth Factor (KGF), Keratinocyte Growth Factor-2 (KGF-2), KGF,
killer immunoglobulin-like receptor, kit ligand (KL), Kit tyrosine
kinase, laminin 5, LAMP, LAPP (Amylin, islet-amyloid polypeptide),
LAP (TGF-1), latency associated peptide, Latent TGF-1, Latent TGF-1
bpl, LBP, LDGF, LDL, LDL receptor, LECT2, Lefty, Leptin,
leutinizing hormone (LH), Lewis-Y antigen, Lewis-Y related antigen,
LFA-1, LFA-3, LFA-3 receptors, Lfo, LIF, LIGHT, lipoproteins, LIX,
LKN, Lptn, L-Selectin, LT-.alpha., LT-b, LTB4, LTBP-1, Lung
surfactant, Luteinizing hormone, Lymphotactin, Lymphotoxin .beta.
Receptor, Lysosphingolipid receptor, Mac-1, macrophage-CSF (M-CSF),
MAdCAM, MAG, MAP2, MARC, maspin, MCAM, MCK-2, MCP, MCP-1, MCP-2,
MCP-3, MCP-4, MCP-I (MCAF), M-CSF, MDC, MDC (67 a.a.), MDC (69
a.a.), megsin, Mer, MET tyrosine kinase receptor family,
METALLOPROTEASES, Membrane glycoprotein OX2, Mesothelin, MGDF
receptor, MGMT, MHC (HLA-DR), microbial protein, MIF, MIG, MIP,
MIP-1.alpha., MIP-1.beta., MIP-3a, MIP-3.beta., MIP-4, MK, MMAC1,
MMP, MMP-1, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, MMP-13, MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-2,
MMP-24, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, monocyte attractant protein,
monocyte colony inhibitory factor, mouse gonadotropin-associated
peptide, MPIF, Mpo, MSK, MSP, MUC-16, MUC18, mucin (Mud),
Muellerian-inhibiting substance, Mug, MuSK, Myelin associated
glycoprotein, myeloid progenitor inhibitor factor-1 (MPIF-I), NAIP,
Nanobody, NAP, NAP-2, NCA 90, NCAD, N-Cadherin, NCAM, Neprilysin,
Neural cell adhesion molecule, neroserpin, Neuronal growth factor
(NGF), Neurotrophin-3, Neurotrophin-4, Neurotrophin-6, Neuropilin
1, Neurturin, NGF-.beta., NGFR, NKG20, N-methionyl human growth
hormone, nNOS, NO, Nogo-A, Nogo receptor, non-structural protein
type 3 (NS3) from the hepatitis C virus, NOS, Npn, NRG-3, NT, NT-3,
NT-4, NTN, OB, OGG1, Oncostatin M, OP-2, OPG, OPN, OSM, OSM
receptors, osteoinductive factors, osteopontin, OX40L, OX40R,
oxidized LDL, p150, p95, PADPr, parathyroid hormone, PARC, PARP,
PBR, PBSF, PCAD, P-Cadherin, PCNA, PCSK9, PDGF, PDGF receptor,
PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, PDGF-D, PDK-1, PECAM, PEDF, PEM, PF-4,
PGE, PGF, PGI2, PGD2, P1GF, PIN, PLA2, Placenta growth factor,
placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), placental lactogen,
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, platelet-growth factor, plgR,
PLP, poly glycol chains of different size (e.g. PEG-20, PEG-30,
PEG40), PP14, prekallikrein, prion protein, procalcitonin,
Programmed cell death protein 1, proinsulin, prolactin, Proprotein
convertase PC9, prorelaxin, prostate specific membrane antigen
(PSMA), Protein A, Protein C, Protein D, Protein S, Protein Z, PS,
PSA, PSCA, PsmAr, PTEN, PTHrp, Ptk, PTN, P-selectin glycoprotein
ligand-1, R51, RAGE, RANK, RANKL, RANTES, relaxin, Relaxin A-chain,
Relaxin B-chain, renin, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F, Ret,
reticulon 4, Rheumatoid factors, RLI P76, RPA2, RPK-1, RSK, RSV
Fgp, S100, RON-8, SCF/KL, SCGF, Sclerostin, SDF-1, SDF1 .alpha.,
SDF1 .beta., SERINE, Serum Amyloid P, Serum albumin, sFRP-3, Shh,
Shiga like toxin II, SIGIRR, SK-1, SLAM, SLPI, SMAC, SMDF, SMOH,
SOD, SPARC, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1, Staphylococcal
lipoteichoic acid, Stat, STEAP, STEAP-II, stem cell factor (SCF),
streptokinase, superoxide dismutase, syndecan-1, TACE, TACI, TAG-72
(tumor-associated glycoprotein-72), TARC, TB, TCA-3, T-cell
receptor .alpha./.beta., TdT, TECK, TEM1, TEMS, TEM7, TEM8,
Tenascin, TERT, testicular PLAP-like alkaline phosphatase, TfR,
TGF, TGF-.alpha., TGF-.beta., TGF-.beta. Pan Specific, TGF-.beta.
RII, TGF-.beta. RIIb, TGF-.beta. RIII, TGF-.beta. R1 (ALK-5),
TGF-.beta.1, TGF-.beta.2, TGF-.beta.3, TGF-.beta.4, TGF-.beta.5,
TGF-I, Thrombin, thrombopoietin (TPO), Thymic stromal lymphoprotein
receptor, Thymus Ck-1, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),
thyroxine, thyroxine-binding globulin, Tie, TIMP, TIQ, Tissue
Factor, tissue factor protease inhibitor, tissue factor protein,
TMEFF2, Tmpo, TMPRSS2, TNF receptor I, TNF receptor II,
TNF-.alpha., TNF-.beta., TNF-.beta.2, TNF.alpha., TNF-RI, TNF-RII,
TNFRSF10A (TRAIL R1Apo-2/DR4), TNFRSF10B (TRAIL R2
DR5/KILLER/TRICK-2A/TRICK-B), TNFRSF10C (TRAIL R3DcR1/LIT/TRID),
TNFRSF10D (TRAIL R4DcR2/TRUNDD), TNFRSF11A (RANK ODF R/TRANCE R),
TNFRSF11B (OPG OCIF/TR1), TNFRSF12 (TWEAK R FN14), TNFRSF12A,
TNFRSF13B (TACI), TNFRSF13C (BAFF R), TNFRSF14 (HVEM
ATAR/HveA/LIGHT R/TR2), TNFRSF16 (NGFR p75NTR), TNFRSF17 (BCMA),
TNFRSF18 (GITR AITR), TNFRSF19 (TROY TAJ/TRADE), TNFRSF19L (RELT),
TNFRSF1A (TNF R1 CD120a/p55-60), TNFRSF1B (TNF RII CD120b/p75-80),
TNFRSF21 (DR6), TNFRSF22 (DcTRAIL R2 TNFRH2), TNFRSF25
(DR3Apo-3/LARD/TR-3/TRAMP/WSL-1), TNFRSF26 (TNFRH3), TNFRSF3 (LTbR
TNF RIII/TNFC R), TNFRSF4 (OX40 ACT35/TXGP1R), TNFRSF5 (CD40 p50),
TNFRSF6 (Fas Apo-1/APT1/CD95), TNFRSF6B (DcR3M68/TR6), TNFRSF7
(CD27), TNFRSF8 (CD30), TNFRSF9 (4-1 BB CD137/ILA), TNFRST23
(DcTRAIL R1TNFRH1), TNFSF10 (TRAIL Apo-2 Ligand/TL2), TNFSF11
(TRANCE/RANK Ligand ODF/OPG Ligand), TNFSF12 (TWEAK Apo-3
Ligand/DR3Ligand), TNFSF13 (APRIL TALL2), TNFSF13B (BAFF
BLYS/TALL1/THANK/TNFSF20), TNFSF14 (LIGHT HVEM Ligand/LTg), TNFSF15
(TL1A/VEGI), TNFSF18 (GITR Ligand AITR Ligand/TL6), TNFSF1A (TNF-a
Conectin/DIF/TNFSF2), TNFSF1B (TNF-b LTa/TNFSF1), TNFSF3 (LTb
TNFC/p33), TNFSF4 (OX40 Ligand gp34/TXGP1), TNFSF5 (CD40 Ligand
CD154/gp39/HIGM1/IMD3/TRAP), TNFSF6 (Fas Ligand Apo-1 Ligand/APT1
Ligand), TNFSF7 (CD27 Ligand CD70), TNFSF8 (CD30 Ligand CD153),
TNFSF9 (4-1 BB Ligand CD137 Ligand), TNF.alpha., TNF-.beta.,
TNIL-1, toxic metabolite, TP-1, t-PA, Tpo, TRAIL, TRAIL R,
TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, TRANCE, transferrin receptor, transforming
growth factors (TGF) such as TGF-.alpha. and TGF-.beta.,
Transmembrane glycoprotein NMB, Transthyretin, TRF, Trk, TROP-2,
Trophoblast glycoprotein, TSG, TSLP, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF),
tumor-associated antigen CA 125, tumor-associated antigen
expressing Lewis Y related carbohydrate, TWEAK, TXB2, Ung, uPAR,
uPAR-1, Urokinase, VAP-1, vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF), vaspin, VCAM, VCAM-1, VECAD, VE-Cadherin, VE-Cadherin-2,
VEFGR-1 (fit-1), VEFGR-2, VEGF receptor (VEGFR), VEGFR-3 (flt-4),
VEGI, VIM, Viral antigens, VitB12 receptor, Vitronectin receptor,
VLA, VLA-1, VLA-4, VNR integrin, von Willebrand Factor (vWF),
WIF-1, WNT1, WNT10A, WNT10B, WNT11, WNT16, WNT2, WNT2B/13, WNT3,
WNT3A, WNT4, WNTSA, WNTSB, WNT6, WNT7A, WNT7B, WNT8A, WNT8B, WNT9A,
WNT9B, XCL1, XCL2/SCM-1-13, XCL1/Lymphotactin, XCR1, XEDAR, XIAP,
XPD, HMGB1, IgA, A.beta., CD81, CD97, CD98, DDR1, DKK1, EREG,
Hsp90, IL-17/IL-17R, IL-20/IL-20R, oxidated LDL, PCSK9,
prekallikrein, RON, TMEM16F, SOD1, Chromogranin A, Chromogranin B,
tau, VAP1, high-molecular-weight kininogen, IL-31, IL-31R, Nav1.1,
Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.4, Nav1.5, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Nav1.9,
EPCR, C1, C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C2a, C2b, C3, C3a, C3b, C4, C4a, C4b,
C5, CSa, CSb, C6, C7, C8, C9, factor B, factor D, factor H,
properdin, sclerostin, fibrinogen, fibrin, prothrombin, thrombin,
tissue factor, factor V, factor Va, factor VII, factor VIIa, factor
VIII, factor VIIIa, factor IX, factor IXa, factor X, factor Xa,
factor XI, factor XIa, factor XII, factor XIIa, factor XIII, factor
XIIIa, TFPI, antithrombin III, EPCR, thrombomodulin, TAPI, tPA,
plasminogen, plasmin, PAI-1, PAI-2, GPC3, Syndecan-1, Syndecan-2,
Syndecan-3, Syndecan-4, LPA, and S1P and soluble receptor molecules
for a hormone or growth factor, which are not anchored to cells in
the body fluid of organisms.
[0132] "Epitope" means an antigenic determinant in an antigen, and
refers to an antigen site to which the antigen-binding domain of an
antigen-binding molecule disclosed herein binds. Thus, for example,
the epitope can be defined according to its structure.
Alternatively, the epitope may be defined according to the
antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule that
recognizes the epitope. When the antigen is a peptide or
polypeptide, the epitope can be specified by the amino acid
residues forming the epitope. Alternatively, when the epitope is a
sugar chain, the epitope can be specified by its specific sugar
chain structure.
[0133] A linear epitope is an epitope that contains an epitope
whose primary amino acid sequence is recognized. Such a linear
epitope typically contains at least three and most commonly at
least five, for example, about 8 to 10 or 6 to 20 amino acids in
its specific sequence.
[0134] In contrast to the linear epitope, "conformational epitope"
is an epitope in which the primary amino acid sequence containing
the epitope is not the only determinant of the recognized epitope
(for example, the primary amino acid sequence of a conformational
epitope is not necessarily recognized by an epitope-defining
antibody). Conformational epitopes may contain a greater number of
amino acids compared to linear epitopes. A conformational
epitope-recognizing antibody recognizes the three-dimensional
structure of a peptide or protein. For example, when a protein
molecule folds and forms a three-dimensional structure, amino acids
and/or polypeptide main chains that form a conformational epitope
become aligned, and the epitope is made recognizable by the
antibody. Methods for determining epitope conformations include,
for example, X ray crystallography, two-dimensional nuclear
magnetic resonance, site-specific spin labeling, and electron
paramagnetic resonance, but are not limited thereto. See, for
example, Epitope Mapping Protocols in Methods in Molecular Biology
(1996), Vol. 66, Morris (ed.).
Binding Activity
[0135] Examples of a method for assessing the epitope binding by a
test antigen-binding molecule containing an IL-6R antigen-binding
domain are described below. According to the examples below,
methods for assessing the epitope binding by a test antigen-binding
molecule containing an antigen-binding domain for an antigen other
than IL-6R, can also be appropriately conducted.
[0136] For example, whether a test antigen-binding molecule
containing an IL-6R antigen-binding domain recognizes a linear
epitope in the IL-6R molecule can be confirmed for example as
mentioned below. A linear peptide comprising an amino acid sequence
forming the extracellular domain of IL-6R is synthesized for the
above purpose. The peptide can be synthesized chemically, or
obtained by genetic engineering techniques using a region encoding
the amino acid sequence corresponding to the extracellular domain
in an IL-6R cDNA. Then, a test antigen-binding molecule containing
an IL-6R antigen-binding domain is assessed for its binding
activity towards a linear peptide comprising the amino acid
sequence forming the extracellular domain. For example, an
immobilized linear peptide can be used as an antigen by ELISA to
evaluate the binding activity of the antigen-binding molecule
towards the peptide. Alternatively, the binding activity towards a
linear peptide can be assessed based on the level that the linear
peptide inhibits the binding of the antigen-binding molecule to
IL-6R-expressing cells. These tests can demonstrate the binding
activity of the antigen-binding molecule towards the linear
peptide.
[0137] Whether a test antigen-binding molecule containing an IL-6R
antigen-binding domain recognizes a conformational epitope can be
assessed as follows. IL-6R-expressing cells are prepared for the
above purpose. A test antigen-binding molecule containing an IL-6R
antigen-binding domain can be determined to recognize a
conformational epitope when it strongly binds to IL-6R-expressing
cells upon contact, but does not substantially bind to an
immobilized linear peptide comprising an amino acid sequence
forming the extracellular domain of IL-6R. Herein, "not
substantially bind" means that the binding activity is 80% or less,
generally 50% or less, preferably 30% or less, and particularly
preferably 15% or less compared to the binding activity towards
cells expressing human IL-6R.
[0138] Methods for assaying the binding activity of a test
antigen-binding molecule containing an IL-6R antigen-binding domain
towards IL-6R-expressing cells include, for example, the methods
described in Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual (Ed Harlow, David
Lane, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1988) 359-420). Specifically,
the assessment can be performed based on the principle of ELISA or
fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) using IL-6R-expressing
cells as antigen.
[0139] In the ELISA format, the binding activity of a test
antigen-binding molecule containing an IL-6R antigen-binding domain
towards IL-6R-expressing cells can be assessed quantitatively by
comparing the levels of signal generated by enzymatic reaction.
Specifically, a test polypeptide complex is added to an ELISA plate
onto which IL-6R-expressing cells are immobilized. Then, the test
antigen-binding molecule bound to the cells is detected using an
enzyme-labeled antibody that recognizes the test antigen-binding
molecule. Alternatively, when FACS is used, a dilution series of a
test antigen-binding molecule is prepared, and the antibody binding
titer for IL-6R-expressing cells can be determined to compare the
binding activity of the test antigen-binding molecule towards
IL-6R-expressing cells.
[0140] The binding of a test antigen-binding molecule towards an
antigen expressed on the surface of cells suspended in buffer or
the like can be detected using a flow cytometer. Known flow
cytometers include, for example, the following devices:
FACSCanto.TM. II
FACSAria.TM.
FACSArray.TM.
FACSVantage.TM. SE
[0141] FACSCalibur.TM. (all are trade names of BD Biosciences)
EPICS ALTRA HyPerSort
Cytomics FC 500
EPICS XL-MCL ADC EPICS XL ADC
Cell Lab Quanta/Cell Lab Quanta SC (all are Trade Names of Beckman
Coulter).
[0142] Preferable methods for assaying the binding activity of a
test antigen-binding molecule containing an IL-6R antigen-binding
domain towards an antigen include, for example, the following
method. First, IL-6R-expressing cells are reacted with a test
antigen-binding molecule, and then this is stained with an
FITC-labeled secondary antibody that recognizes the antigen-binding
molecule. The test antigen-binding molecule is appropriately
diluted with a suitable buffer to prepare the molecule at a desired
concentration. For example, the molecule can be used at a
concentration within the range of 10 .mu.g/ml to 10 ng/ml. Then,
the fluorescence intensity and cell count are determined using
FACSCalibur (BD). The fluorescence intensity obtained by analysis
using the CELL QUEST Software (BD), i.e., the Geometric Mean value,
reflects the quantity of antibody bound to cells. That is, the
binding activity of a test antigen-binding molecule, which is
represented by the quantity of the test antigen-binding molecule
bound, can be determined by measuring the Geometric Mean value.
[0143] Whether a test antigen-binding molecule containing an IL-6R
antigen-binding domain shares a common epitope with another
antigen-binding molecule can be assessed based on the competition
between the two molecules for the same epitope. The competition
between antigen-binding molecules can be detected by cross-blocking
assay or the like. For example, the competitive ELISA assay is a
preferred cross-blocking assay.
[0144] Specifically, in cross-blocking assay, the IL-6R protein
immobilized to the wells of a microtiter plate is pre-incubated in
the presence or absence of a candidate competitor antigen-binding
molecule, and then a test antigen-binding molecule is added
thereto. The quantity of test antigen-binding molecule bound to the
IL-6R protein in the wells is indirectly correlated with the
binding ability of a candidate competitor antigen-binding molecule
that competes for the binding to the same epitope. That is, the
greater the affinity of the competitor antigen-binding molecule for
the same epitope, the lower the binding activity of the test
antigen-binding molecule towards the IL-6R protein-coated
wells.
[0145] The quantity of the test antigen-binding molecule bound to
the wells via the IL-6R protein can be readily determined by
labeling the antigen-binding molecule in advance. For example, a
biotin-labeled antigen-binding molecule is measured using an
avidin/peroxidase conjugate and appropriate substrate. In
particular, cross-blocking assay that uses enzyme labels such as
peroxidase is called "competitive ELISA assay". The antigen-binding
molecule can also be labeled with other labeling substances that
enable detection or measurement. Specifically, radiolabels,
fluorescent labels, and such are known.
[0146] When the candidate competitor antigen-binding molecule can
block the binding by a test antigen-binding molecule containing an
IL-6R antigen-binding domain by at least 20%, preferably at least
20 to 50%, and more preferably at least 50% compared to the binding
activity in a control experiment conducted in the absence of the
competitor antigen-binding molecule, the test antigen-binding
molecule is determined to substantially bind to the same epitope
bound by the competitor antigen-binding molecule, or compete for
the binding to the same epitope.
[0147] When the structure of an epitope bound by a test
antigen-binding molecule containing an IL-6R antigen-binding domain
has already been identified, whether the test and control
antigen-binding molecules share a common epitope can be assessed by
comparing the binding activities of the two antigen-binding
molecules towards a peptide prepared by introducing amino acid
mutations into the peptide forming the epitope.
[0148] To measure the above binding activities, for example, the
binding activities of test and control antigen-binding molecules
towards a linear peptide into which a mutation is introduced are
compared in the above ELISA format. Besides the ELISA methods, the
binding activity towards the mutant peptide bound to a column can
be determined by flowing test and control antigen-binding molecules
in the column, and then quantifying the antigen-binding molecule
eluted in the elution solution. Methods for adsorbing a mutant
peptide to a column, for example, in the form of a GST fusion
peptide, are known.
[0149] Alternatively, when the identified epitope is a
conformational epitope, whether test and control antigen-binding
molecules share a common epitope can be assessed by the following
method. First, IL-6R-expressing cells and cells expressing IL-6R
with a mutation introduced into the epitope are prepared. The test
and control antigen-binding molecules are added to a cell
suspension prepared by suspending these cells in an appropriate
buffer such as PBS. Then, the cell suspensions are appropriately
washed with a buffer, and an FITC-labeled antibody that recognizes
the test and control antigen-binding molecules is added thereto.
The fluorescence intensity and number of cells stained with the
labeled antibody are determined using FACSCalibur (BD). The test
and control antigen-binding molecules are appropriately diluted
using a suitable buffer, and used at desired concentrations. For
example, they may be used at a concentration within the range of 10
.mu.g/ml to 10 ng/ml. The fluorescence intensity determined by
analysis using the CELL QUEST Software (BD), i.e., the Geometric
Mean value, reflects the quantity of labeled antibody bound to
cells. That is, the binding activities of the test and control
antigen-binding molecules, which are represented by the quantity of
labeled antibody bound, can be determined by measuring the
Geometric Mean value.
[0150] In the above method, whether an antigen-binding molecule
does "not substantially bind to cells expressing mutant IL-6R" can
be assessed, for example, by the following method. First, the test
and control antigen-binding molecules bound to cells expressing
mutant IL-6R are stained with a labeled antibody. Then, the
fluorescence intensity of the cells is determined. When FACSCalibur
is used for fluorescence detection by flow cytometry, the
determined fluorescence intensity can be analyzed using the CELL
QUEST Software. From the Geometric Mean values in the presence and
absence of the polypeptide complex, the comparison value
(.DELTA.Geo-Mean) can be calculated according to the following
formula to determine the ratio of increase in fluorescence
intensity as a result of the binding by the antigen-binding
molecule.
.DELTA.Geo-Mean=Geo-Mean (in the presence of the polypeptide
complex)/Geo-Mean (in the absence of the polypeptide complex)
[0151] The Geometric Mean comparison value (.DELTA.Geo-Mean value
for the mutant IL-6R molecule) determined by the above analysis,
which reflects the quantity of a test antigen-binding molecule
bound to cells expressing mutant IL-6R, is compared to the
.DELTA.Geo-Mean comparison value that reflects the quantity of the
test antigen-binding molecule bound to IL-6R-expressing cells. In
this case, the concentrations of the test antigen-binding molecule
used to determine the .DELTA.Geo-Mean comparison values for
IL-6R-expressing cells and cells expressing mutant IL-6R are
particularly preferably adjusted to be equal or substantially
equal. An antigen-binding molecule that has been confirmed to
recognize an epitope in IL-6R is used as a control antigen-binding
molecule.
[0152] If the .DELTA.Geo-Mean comparison value of a test
antigen-binding molecule for cells expressing mutant IL-6R is
smaller than the .DELTA.Geo-Mean comparison value of the test
antigen-binding molecule for IL-6R-expressing cells by at least
80%, preferably 50%, more preferably 30%, and particularly
preferably 15%, then the test antigen-binding molecule "does not
substantially bind to cells expressing mutant IL-6R". The formula
for determining the Geo-Mean (Geometric Mean) value is described in
the CELL QUEST Software User's Guide (BD biosciences). When the
comparison shows that the comparison values are substantially
equivalent, the epitope for the test and control antigen-binding
molecules can be determined to be the same.
Antigen-Binding Domain
[0153] Herein, an "antigen-binding domain" may be of any structure
as long as it binds to an antigen of interest. Such domains
preferably include, for example:
antibody heavy-chain and light-chain variable regions; a module of
about 35 amino acids called A domain which is contained in the in
vivo cell membrane protein Avimer (WO 2004/044011, WO 2005/040229);
Adnectin containing the 10Fn3 domain which binds to the protein
moiety of fibronectin, a glycoprotein expressed on cell membrane
(WO 2002/032925); Affibody which is composed of a 58-amino acid
three-helix bundle based on the scaffold of the IgG-binding domain
of Protein A (WO 1995/001937); Designed Ankyrin Repeat proteins
(DARPins) which are a region exposed on the molecular surface of
ankyrin repeats (AR) having a structure in which a subunit
consisting of a turn comprising 33 amino acid residues, two
antiparallel helices, and a loop is repeatedly stacked (WO
2002/020565); Anticalins and such, which are domains consisting of
four loops that support one side of a barrel structure composed of
eight circularly arranged antiparallel strands that are highly
conserved among lipocalin molecules such as neutrophil
gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) (WO 2003/029462); and the
concave region formed by the parallel-sheet structure inside the
horseshoe-shaped structure constituted by stacked repeats of the
leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) module of the variable lymphocyte
receptor (VLR) which does not have the immunoglobulin structure and
is used in the system of acquired immunity in jawless vertebrate
such as lampery and hagfish (WO 2008/016854). Preferred
antigen-binding domains of the present invention include, for
example, those having antibody heavy-chain and light-chain variable
regions. Preferred examples of antigen-binding domains include
"single chain Fv (scFv)", "single chain antibody", "Fv", "single
chain Fv 2 (scFv2)", "Fab", and "F(ab')2".
[0154] The antigen-binding domains of antigen-binding molecules of
the present invention can bind to an identical epitope. Such
epitope can be present, for example, in a protein comprising the
amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. Alternatively, the epitope
can be present in the protein comprising the amino acids at
positions 20 to 365 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
Alternatively, each of the antigen-binding domains of
antigen-binding molecules of the present invention can bind to a
different epitope. Herein, the different epitope can be present in,
for example, a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO: 15. Alternatively, the epitope can be present in the protein
comprising the amino acids at positions 20 to 365 in the amino acid
sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
Calcium-Binding Motif
[0155] The antigen-binding domain of an antigen-binding molecule of
the present invention comprises a calcium-binding motif. The
calcium-binding motif can be located anywhere within the
antigen-binding domain as long as the antigen-binding activity is
lower under a low calcium concentration condition than under a high
calcium concentration condition. When the antigen-binding domain is
an antibody variable region, the calcium-binding motif can be
contained in the heavy-chain variable region or light-chain
variable region. Alternatively, the calcium-binding motif can be
contained in both heavy chains and light chains. In another
non-limiting embodiment, the calcium-binding motif can be contained
in the framework or CDR sequence of the variable region.
Alternatively, the calcium-binding motif can be contained in both
framework and CDR sequences.
[0156] In a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the
calcium-binding motif comprises an amino acid residue(s) that
alters the antigen-binding activity of the antigen-binding molecule
depending on the calcium-ion concentration condition. Such amino
acid residues preferably include, for example, amino acids having a
metal-chelating activity. Amino acids having a metal-chelating
activity preferably include, for example, serine (Ser (S)),
threonine (Thr (T)), asparagine (Asn (N)), glutamine (Gln (O)),
aspartic acid (Asp (D)), glutamic acid (Glu (E)), histidine (His
(H)), and tyrosine (Tyr (Y)). The calcium-binding motifs in
existing antigen-binding domains that have a lower antigen-binding
activity under a low calcium concentration condition than under a
high calcium concentration condition can be used as a suitable
calcium-binding motif of the present invention. As examples of such
existing antigen-binding domains, calcium-binding motifs in the
variable regions of antibodies that have a lower antigen-binding
activity under a low calcium concentration condition than under a
high calcium concentration condition can be preferably used; but
are not limited thereto. Such antibodies include, but are not
limited to, for example, IL-6 receptor antibodies comprising SEQ ID
NOs: 1 and 2 and IL-6 antibodies comprising SEQ ID NOs: 25 and 26.
Furthermore, troponin C, calmodulin, parvalbumin, myosin light
chain, and such, which have several calcium ion-binding sites and
are assumed to be derived from a common origin in their molecular
evolution, are known. Their binding motifs can also be used as a
calcium-binding motif of the present invention.
[0157] When an antigen-binding domain of the present invention is
an antibody variable region, the calcium-binding motif can be
contained in its heavy-chain variable region or light-chain
variable region. Alternatively, the calcium-binding motif can be
contained in both heavy chains and light chains. In another
non-limiting embodiment, the calcium-binding motif can be contained
in the framework or CDR sequence of the variable region.
Alternatively, the calcium-binding motif can be contained in both
framework and CDR sequences. The heavy chain or light chain CDR1,
CDR2, and/or CDR3 can be designed so that they comprise such
calcium-binding motifs. For example, in a non-limiting embodiment
of the present invention, the light-chain variable region of an
antigen-binding molecule of the present invention can be designed
so as to contain the calcium-binding motif of the human antibody
light chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 41, 63, or 64. Such
calcium-binding motifs include those in which any one or more of
the amino acids at positions 30, 31, 32, 50, and/or 92 according to
Kabat's numbering have a metal-chelating activity. In a
non-limiting embodiment, such calcium-binding motifs preferably
include those in which the same amino acids as one to four amino
acids selected from the five amino acids at positions 30, 31, 32,
50, and/or 92 according to Kabat's numbering system in the human
antibody light chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 41, 63, or 64
are contained at the corresponding amino acid positions according
to Kabat's numbering system. In this case, it is preferable that
amino acids having a metal-chelating activity are contained in the
human antibody light chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 41, 63, or
64 at amino acid positions where amino acids at the corresponding
amino acid positions of the five amino acid positions 30, 31, 32,
50, and/or 92 according to Kabat's numbering system in the light
chain variable region are not identical to the amino acids at these
positions. In another non-limiting embodiment of the present
invention, the heavy-chain variable region of an antigen-binding
molecule of the present invention can be designed to have, for
example, the calcium-binding motif of the heavy-chain variable
region of SEQ ID NO: 1. Such calcium-binding motifs include those
in which the amino acids at positions 95, 96, and/or 100a according
to Kabat's numbering system have a metal-chelating activity. In
another non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the
heavy-chain variable region of an antigen-binding molecule of the
present invention can be designed to have, for example, the
calcium-binding motif of the heavy-chain variable region of SEQ ID
NO: 25. Such calcium-binding motifs include those in which the
amino acids at positions 95 and/or 101 according to Kabat's
numbering system have a metal-chelating activity. Amino acids
having a metal-chelating activity include, for example, serine (Ser
(S)), threonine (Thr (T)), asparagine (Asn (N)), glutamine (Gln
(O)), aspartic acid (Asp (D)), glutamic acid (Glu (E)), histidine
(His (H)), and tyrosine (Tyr (Y)). Furthermore, the main chain
carbonyl groups of amino acids at the positions described above may
participate in the calcium ion binding. Surprisingly, as described
in the Examples below, calcium ion-binding activity can be
conferred to an antigen-binding domain of interest by grafting
amino acids from a calcium-binding motif to the antigen-binding
domain. It is also possible to appropriately use an EF hand, which
is contained in the cadherin domain and calmodulin; C2 domain,
which is contained in Protein kinase C; Gla domain, which is
contained in blood coagulation protein Factor IX; C-type lectin,
which is contained in acyaroglycoprotein receptor and
mannose-binding receptor; A domain, which is contained in LDL
receptor; Annexin, thrombospondin type-3 domain, and EGF-like
domain.
Specificity
[0158] "Specific" means that a molecule does not show any
significant binding to molecules other than a single or a number of
binding partner molecules. Furthermore, "specific" is also used
when an antigen-binding domain is specific to a particular epitope
among multiple epitopes in an antigen. When an epitope bound by an
antigen-binding domain is contained in multiple different antigens,
antigen-binding molecules containing the antigen-binding domain can
bind to various antigens that have the epitope.
Antibody
[0159] Herein, "antibody" refers to a natural immunoglobulin or an
immunoglobulin produced by partial or complete synthesis.
Antibodies can be isolated from natural sources such as
naturally-occurring plasma and serum, or culture supernatants of
antibody-producing hybridomas. Alternatively, antibodies can be
partially or completely synthesized using techniques such as
genetic recombination. Preferred antibodies include, for example,
antibodies of an immunoglobulin isotype or subclass belonging
thereto. Known human immunoglobulins include antibodies of the
following nine classes (isotypes): IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1,
IgA2, IgD, IgE, and IgM. Of these isotypes, antibodies of the
present invention include IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4.
[0160] Methods for producing an antibody with desired binding
activity are known to those skilled in the art. Below is an example
that describes a method for producing an antibody that binds to
IL-6R (anti-IL-6R antibody). Antibodies that bind to an antigen
other than IL-6R can also be produced according to the example
described below.
[0161] Anti-IL-6R antibodies can be obtained as polyclonal or
monoclonal antibodies using known methods. The anti-IL-6R
antibodies preferably produced are monoclonal antibodies derived
from mammals. Such mammal-derived monoclonal antibodies include
antibodies produced by hybridomas or host cells transformed with an
expression vector carrying an antibody gene by genetic engineering
techniques. "Humanized antibodies" or "chimeric antibodies" are
included in the monoclonal antibodies of the present invention.
[0162] Monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas can be produced
using known techniques, for example, as described below.
Specifically, mammals are immunized by conventional immunization
methods using an IL-6R protein as a sensitizing antigen. Resulting
immune cells are fused with known parental cells by conventional
cell fusion methods. Then, hybridomas producing an anti-IL-6R
antibody can be selected by screening for monoclonal
antibody-producing cells using conventional screening methods.
[0163] Specifically, monoclonal antibodies are prepared as
mentioned below. First, the IL-6R gene whose nucleotide sequence is
disclosed in SEQ ID NO: 16 can be expressed to produce an IL-6R
protein shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, which will be used as a sensitizing
antigen for antibody preparation. That is, a gene sequence encoding
IL-6R is inserted into a known expression vector, and appropriate
host cells are transformed with this vector. The desired human
IL-6R protein is purified from the host cells or their culture
supernatants by known methods. In order to obtain soluble IL-6R
from culture supernatants, for example, a protein consisting of the
amino acids at positions 1 to 357 in the IL-6R polypeptide sequence
of SEQ ID NO: 15, such as described in Mullberg et al. (J. Immunol.
(1994) 152 (10), 4958-4968), is expressed as a soluble IL-6R,
instead of the IL-6R protein of SEQ ID NO: 15. Purified natural
IL-6R protein can also be used as a sensitizing antigen.
[0164] The purified IL-6R protein can be used as a sensitizing
antigen for immunization of mammals. A partial IL-6R peptide may
also be used as a sensitizing antigen. In this case, a partial
peptide can be prepared by chemical synthesis based on the amino
acid sequence of human IL-6R, or by inserting a partial IL-6R gene
into an expression vector for expression. Alternatively, a partial
peptide can be produced by degrading an IL-6R protein with a
protease. The length and region of the partial IL-6R peptide are
not limited to particular embodiments. A preferred region can be
arbitrarily selected from the amino acid sequence at amino acid
positions 20 to 357 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15.
The number of amino acids forming a peptide to be used as a
sensitizing antigen is preferably at least five or more, six or
more, or seven or more. More specifically, a peptide of 8 to 50
residues, more preferably 10 to 30 residues can be used as a
sensitizing antigen.
[0165] For sensitizing antigen, alternatively it is possible to use
a fusion protein prepared by fusing a desired partial polypeptide
or peptide of the IL-6R protein with a different polypeptide. For
example, antibody Fc fragments and peptide tags are preferably used
to produce fusion proteins to be used as sensitizing antigens.
Vectors for expression of such fusion proteins can be constructed
by fusing in frame genes encoding two or more desired polypeptide
fragments and inserting the fusion gene into an expression vector
as described above. Methods for producing fusion proteins are
described in Molecular Cloning 2nd ed. (Sambrook, J et al.,
Molecular Cloning 2nd ed., 9.47-9.58 (1989) Cold Spring Harbor Lab.
Press). Methods for preparing IL-6R to be used as a sensitizing
antigen, and immunization methods using IL-6R are specifically
described in WO 2003/000883, WO 2004/022754, WO 2006/006693, and
such.
[0166] There is no particular limitation on the mammals to be
immunized with the sensitizing antigen. However, it is preferable
to select the mammals by considering their compatibility with the
parent cells to be used for cell fusion. In general, rodents such
as mice, rats, and hamsters, rabbits, and monkeys are preferably
used.
[0167] The above animals are immunized with a sensitizing antigen
by known methods. Generally performed immunization methods include,
for example, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration of a
sensitizing antigen into mammals. Specifically, a sensitizing
antigen is appropriately diluted with PBS (Phosphate-Buffered
Saline), physiological saline, or the like. If desired, a
conventional adjuvant such as Freund's complete adjuvant is mixed
with the antigen, and the mixture is emulsified. Then, the
sensitizing antigen is administered to a mammal several times at 4-
to 21-day intervals. Appropriate carriers may be used in
immunization with the sensitizing antigen. In particular, when a
low-molecular-weight partial peptide is used as the sensitizing
antigen, it is sometimes desirable to couple the sensitizing
antigen peptide to a carrier protein such as albumin or keyhole
limpet hemocyanin for immunization.
[0168] Alternatively, hybridomas producing a desired antibody can
be prepared using DNA immunization as mentioned below. DNA
immunization is an immunization method that confers
immunostimulation by expressing a sensitizing antigen in an animal
immunized as a result of administering a vector DNA constructed to
allow expression of an antigen protein-encoding gene in the animal.
As compared to conventional immunization methods in which a protein
antigen is administered to animals to be immunized, DNA
immunization is expected to be superior in that:
[0169] immunostimulation can be provided while retaining the
structure of a membrane protein such as IL-6R; and
[0170] there is no need to purify the antigen for immunization.
[0171] In order to prepare a monoclonal antibody of the present
invention using DNA immunization, first, a DNA expressing an IL-6R
protein is administered to an animal to be immunized. The
IL-6R-encoding DNA can be synthesized by known methods such as PCR.
The obtained DNA is inserted into an appropriate expression vector,
and then this is administered to an animal to be immunized
Preferably used expression vectors include, for example,
commercially-available expression vectors such as pcDNA3.1. Vectors
can be administered to an organism using conventional methods. For
example, DNA immunization is performed by using a gene gun to
introduce expression vector-coated gold particles into cells in the
body of an animal to be immunized. Antibodies that recognized IL-6R
can also be produced by the methods described in WO
2003/104453.
[0172] After immunizing a mammal as described above, an increase in
the titer of an IL-6R-binding antibody is confirmed in the serum.
Then, immune cells are collected from the mammal, and then
subjected to cell fusion. In particular, splenocytes are preferably
used as immune cells.
[0173] A mammalian myeloma cell is used as a cell to be fused with
the above-mentioned immune cells. The myeloma cells preferably
comprise a suitable selection marker for screening. A selection
marker confers characteristics to cells for their survival (or
death) under a specific culture condition. Hypoxanthine-guanine
phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (hereinafter abbreviated as
HGPRT deficiency) and thymidine kinase deficiency (hereinafter
abbreviated as TK deficiency) are known as selection markers. Cells
with HGPRT or TK deficiency have hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine
sensitivity (hereinafter abbreviated as HAT sensitivity).
HAT-sensitive cells cannot synthesize DNA in a HAT selection
medium, and are thus killed. However, when the cells are fused with
normal cells, they can continue DNA synthesis using the salvage
pathway of the normal cells, and therefore they can grow even in
the HAT selection medium.
[0174] HGPRT-deficient and TK-deficient cells can be selected in a
medium containing 6-thioguanine, 8-azaguanine (hereinafter
abbreviated as 8AG), or 5'-bromodeoxyuridine, respectively. Normal
cells are killed because they incorporate these pyrimidine analogs
into their DNA. Meanwhile, cells that are deficient in these
enzymes can survive in the selection medium, since they cannot
incorporate these pyrimidine analogs. In addition, a selection
marker referred to as G418 resistance provided by the
neomycin-resistant gene confers resistance to 2-deoxystreptamine
antibiotics (gentamycin analogs). Various types of myeloma cells
that are suitable for cell fusion are known.
[0175] For example, myeloma cells including the following cells can
be preferably used:
P3(P3x63Ag8.653) (J. Immunol. (1979) 123 (4), 1548-1550);
P3x63Ag8U.1 (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
(1978)81, 1-7); NS-1 (C. Eur. J. Immunol. (1976).sub.6 (7),
511-519);
MPC-11 (Cell (1976) 8 (3), 405-415);
SP2/0 (Nature (1978) 276 (5685), 269-270);
[0176] FO (J. Immunol. Methods (1980) 35 (1-2), 1-21);
S194/5.XX0.BU.1 (J. Exp. Med. (1978) 148 (1), 313-323);
R210 (Nature (1979) 277 (5692), 131-133), etc.
[0177] Cell fusions between the immunocytes and myeloma cells are
essentially carried out using known methods, for example, a method
by Kohler and Milstein et al. (Methods Enzymol. (1981) 73:
3-46).
[0178] More specifically, cell fusion can be carried out, for
example, in a conventional culture medium in the presence of a cell
fusion-promoting agent. The fusion-promoting agents include, for
example, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Sendai virus (HVJ). If
required, an auxiliary substance such as dimethyl sulfoxide is also
added to improve fusion efficiency.
[0179] The ratio of immune cells to myeloma cells may be determined
at one's own discretion, preferably, for example, one myeloma cell
for every one to ten immunocytes. Culture media to be used for cell
fusions include, for example, media that are suitable for the
growth of myeloma cell lines, such as RPMI1640 medium and MEM
medium, and other conventional culture medium used for this type of
cell culture. In addition, serum supplements such as fetal calf
serum (FCS) may be preferably added to the culture medium.
[0180] For cell fusion, predetermined amounts of the above immune
cells and myeloma cells are mixed well in the above culture medium.
Then, a PEG solution (for example, the average molecular weight is
about 1,000 to 6,000) prewarmed to about 37.degree. C. is added
thereto at a concentration of generally 30% to 60% (w/v). This is
gently mixed to produce desired fusion cells (hybridomas). Then, an
appropriate culture medium mentioned above is gradually added to
the cells, and this is repeatedly centrifuged to remove the
supernatant. Thus, cell fusion agents and such which are
unfavorable to hybridoma growth can be removed.
[0181] The hybridomas thus obtained can be selected by culture
using a conventional selective medium, for example, HAT medium (a
culture medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and
thymidine). Cells other than the desired hybridomas (non-fused
cells) can be killed by continuing culture in the above HAT medium
for a sufficient period of time. Typically, the period is several
days to several weeks. Then, hybridomas producing the desired
antibody are screened and singly cloned by conventional limiting
dilution methods.
[0182] The hybridomas thus obtained can be selected using a
selection medium based on the selection marker possessed by the
myeloma used for cell fusion. For example, HGPRT- or TK-deficient
cells can be selected by culture using the HAT medium (a culture
medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine).
Specifically, when HAT-sensitive myeloma cells are used for cell
fusion, cells successfully fused with normal cells can selectively
proliferate in the HAT medium. Cells other than the desired
hybridomas (non-fused cells) can be killed by continuing culture in
the above HAT medium for a sufficient period of time. Specifically,
desired hybridomas can be selected by culture for generally several
days to several weeks. Then, hybridomas producing the desired
antibody are screened and singly cloned by conventional limiting
dilution methods.
[0183] Desired antibodies can be preferably selected and singly
cloned by screening methods based on known antigen/antibody
reaction. For example, an IL-6R-binding monoclonal antibody can
bind to IL-6R expressed on the cell surface. Such a monoclonal
antibody can be screened by fluorescence activated cell sorting
(FACS). FACS is a system that assesses the binding of an antibody
to cell surface by analyzing cells contacted with a fluorescent
antibody using laser beam, and measuring the fluorescence emitted
from individual cells.
[0184] To screen for hybridomas that produce a monoclonal antibody
of the present invention by FACS, IL-6R-expressing cells are first
prepared. Cells preferably used for screening are mammalian cells
in which IL-6R is forcedly expressed. As control, the activity of
an antibody to bind to cell-surface IL-6R can be selectively
detected using non-transformed mammalian cells as host cells.
Specifically, hybridomas producing an anti-IL-6R monoclonal
antibody can be isolated by selecting hybridomas that produce an
antibody which binds to cells forced to express IL-6R, but not to
host cells.
[0185] Alternatively, the activity of an antibody to bind to
immobilized IL-6R-expressing cells can be assessed based on the
principle of ELISA. For example, IL-6R-expressing cells are
immobilized to the wells of an ELISA plate. Culture supernatants of
hybridomas are contacted with the immobilized cells in the wells,
and antibodies that bind to the immobilized cells are detected.
When the monoclonal antibodies are derived from mouse, antibodies
bound to the cells can be detected using an anti-mouse
immunoglobulin antibody. Hybridomas producing a desired antibody
having the antigen-binding ability are selected by the above
screening, and they can be cloned by a limiting dilution method or
the like.
[0186] Monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas thus prepared can
be passaged in a conventional culture medium, and stored in liquid
nitrogen for a long period.
[0187] The above hybridomas are cultured by a conventional method,
and desired monoclonal antibodies can be prepared from the culture
supernatants. Alternatively, the hybridomas are administered to and
grown in compatible mammals, and monoclonal antibodies are prepared
from the ascites. The former method is suitable for preparing
antibodies with high purity.
[0188] Antibodies encoded by antibody genes that are cloned from
antibody-producing cells such as the above hybridomas can also be
preferably used. A cloned antibody gene is inserted into an
appropriate vector, and this is introduced into a host to express
the antibody encoded by the gene. Methods for isolating antibody
genes, inserting the genes into vectors, and transforming host
cells have already been established, for example, by Vandamme et
al. (Eur. J. Biochem. (1990) 192(3), 767-775). Methods for
producing recombinant antibodies are also known as described
below.
[0189] For example, a cDNA encoding the variable region (V region)
of an anti-IL-6R antibody is prepared from hybridoma cells
expressing the anti-IL-6R antibody. For this purpose, total RNA is
first extracted from hybridomas. Methods used for extracting mRNAs
from cells include, for example:
[0190] the guanidine ultracentrifugation method (Biochemistry
(1979) 18(24), 5294-5299), and
[0191] the AGPC method (Anal. Biochem. (1987) 162(1), 156-159)
[0192] Extracted mRNAs can be purified using the mRNA Purification
Kit (GE Healthcare Bioscience) or such. Alternatively, kits for
extracting total mRNA directly from cells, such as the QuickPrep
mRNA Purification Kit (GE Healthcare Bioscience), are also
commercially available. mRNAs can be prepared from hybridomas using
such kits. cDNAs encoding the antibody V region can be synthesized
from the prepared mRNAs using a reverse transcriptase. cDNAs can be
synthesized using the AMV Reverse Transcriptase First-strand cDNA
Synthesis Kit (Seikagaku Co.) or such. Furthermore, the SMART RACE
cDNA amplification kit (Clontech) and the PCR-based 5'-RACE method
(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1988) 85(23), 8998-9002; Nucleic Acids
Res. (1989) 17(8), 2919-2932) can be appropriately used to
synthesize and amplify cDNAs. In such a cDNA synthesis process,
appropriate restriction enzyme sites described below may be
introduced into both ends of a cDNA.
[0193] The cDNA fragment of interest is purified from the resulting
PCR product, and then this is ligated to a vector DNA. A
recombinant vector is thus constructed, and introduced into E. coli
or such. After colony selection, the desired recombinant vector can
be prepared from the colony-forming E. coli. Then, whether the
recombinant vector has the cDNA nucleotide sequence of interest is
tested by a known method such as the dideoxy nucleotide chain
termination method.
[0194] The 5'-RACE method which uses primers to amplify the
variable region gene is conveniently used for isolating the gene
encoding the variable region. First, a 5'-RACE cDNA library is
constructed by cDNA synthesis using RNAs extracted from hybridoma
cells as a template. A commercially available kit such as the SMART
RACE cDNA amplification kit is appropriately used to synthesize the
5'-RACE cDNA library.
[0195] The antibody gene is amplified by PCR using the prepared
5'-RACE cDNA library as a template. Primers for amplifying the
mouse antibody gene can be designed based on known antibody gene
sequences. The nucleotide sequences of the primers vary depending
on the immunoglobulin subclass. Therefore, it is preferable that
the subclass is determined in advance using a commercially
available kit such as the Iso Strip mouse monoclonal antibody
isotyping kit (Roche Diagnostics).
[0196] Specifically, for example, primers that allow amplification
of genes encoding .gamma.1, .gamma.2a, .gamma.2b, and .gamma.3
heavy chains and .kappa. and .lamda. light chains are used to
isolate mouse IgG-encoding genes. In general, a primer that anneals
to a constant region site close to the variable region is used as a
3'-side primer to amplify an IgG variable region gene. Meanwhile, a
primer attached to a 5'RACE cDNA library construction kit is used
as a 5'-side primer.
[0197] PCR products thus amplified are used to reshape
immunoglobulins composed of a combination of heavy and light
chains. A desired antibody can be selected using the IL-6R-binding
activity of a reshaped immunoglobulin as an indicator. For example,
when the objective is to isolate an antibody against IL-6R, it is
more preferred that the binding of the antibody to IL-6R is
specific. An IL-6R-binding antibody can be screened, for example,
by the following steps:
(1) contacting an IL-6R-expressing cell with an antibody comprising
the V region encoded by a cDNA isolated from a hybridoma; (2)
detecting the binding of the antibody to the IL-6R-expressing cell;
and (3) selecting an antibody that binds to the IL-6R-expressing
cell.
[0198] Methods for detecting the binding of an antibody to
IL-6R-expressing cells are known. Specifically, the binding of an
antibody to IL-6R-expressing cells can be detected by the
above-described techniques such as FACS Immobilized samples of
IL-6R-expressing cells are appropriately used to assess the binding
activity of an antibody.
[0199] Preferred antibody screening methods that use the binding
activity as an indicator also include panning methods using phage
vectors. Screening methods using phage vectors are advantageous
when the antibody genes are isolated from heavy-chain and
light-chain subclass libraries from a polyclonal
antibody-expressing cell population. Genes encoding the heavy-chain
and light-chain variable regions can be linked by an appropriate
linker sequence to form a single-chain Fv (scFv). Phages presenting
scFv on their surface can be produced by inserting a gene encoding
scFv into a phage vector. The phages are contacted with an antigen
of interest. Then, a DNA encoding scFv having the binding activity
of interest can be isolated by collecting phages bound to the
antigen. This process can be repeated as necessary to enrich scFv
having the binding activity of interest.
[0200] After isolation of the cDNA encoding the V region of the
anti-IL-6R antibody of interest, the cDNA is digested with
restriction enzymes that recognize the restriction sites introduced
into both ends of the cDNA. Preferred restriction enzymes recognize
and cleave a nucleotide sequence that occurs in the nucleotide
sequence of the antibody gene at a low frequency. Furthermore, a
restriction site for an enzyme that produces a sticky end is
preferably introduced into a vector to insert a single-copy
digested fragment in the correct orientation. The cDNA encoding the
V region of the anti-IL-6R antibody is digested as described above,
and this is inserted into an appropriate expression vector to
construct an antibody expression vector. In this case, if a gene
encoding the antibody constant region (C region) and a gene
encoding the above V region are fused in-frame, a chimeric antibody
is obtained. Herein, "chimeric antibody" means that the origin of
the constant region is different from that of the variable region.
Thus, in addition to mouse/human heterochimeric antibodies,
human/human allochimeric antibodies are included in the chimeric
antibodies of the present invention. A chimeric antibody expression
vector can be constructed by inserting the above V region gene into
an expression vector that already has the constant region.
Specifically, for example, a recognition sequence for a restriction
enzyme that excises the above V region gene can be appropriately
placed on the 5' side of an expression vector carrying a DNA
encoding a desired antibody constant region (C region). A chimeric
antibody expression vector is constructed by fusing in frame the
two genes digested with the same combination of restriction
enzymes.
[0201] To produce an anti-IL-6R monoclonal antibody, antibody genes
are inserted into an expression vector so that the genes are
expressed under the control of an expression regulatory region. The
expression regulatory region for antibody expression includes, for
example, enhancers and promoters. Furthermore, an appropriate
signal sequence may be attached to the amino terminus so that the
expressed antibody is secreted to the outside of cells. For
example, a peptide having the amino acid sequence
MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS (SEQ ID NO: 113) can be used as a signal
sequence. Meanwhile, other appropriate signal sequences may be
attached. The expressed polypeptide is cleaved at the carboxyl
terminus of the above sequence, and the resulting polypeptide is
secreted to the outside of cells as a mature polypeptide. Then,
appropriate host cells are transformed with the expression vector,
and recombinant cells expressing the anti-IL-6R antibody-encoding
DNA are obtained.
[0202] DNAs encoding the antibody heavy chain (H chain) and light
chain (L chain) are separately inserted into different expression
vectors to express the antibody gene. An antibody molecule having
the H and L chains can be expressed by co-transfecting the same
host cell with vectors into which the H-chain and L-chain genes are
respectively inserted. Alternatively, host cells can be transformed
with a single expression vector into which DNAs encoding the H and
L chains are inserted (see WO 1994011523).
[0203] There are various known host cell/expression vector
combinations for antibody preparation by introducing isolated
antibody genes into appropriate hosts. All of these expression
systems are applicable to isolation of the antigen-binding domains
of the present invention. Appropriate eukaryotic cells used as host
cells include animal cells, plant cells, and fungal cells.
Specifically, the animal cells include, for example, the following
cells.
(1) mammalian cells: CHO, COS, myeloma, baby hamster kidney (BHK),
HeLa, Vero, or such; (2) amphibian cells: Xenopus oocytes, or such;
and (3) insect cells: sf9, sf21, Tn5, or such.
[0204] In addition, as a plant cell, an antibody gene expression
system using cells derived from the Nicotiana genus such as
Nicotiana tabacum is known. Callus cultured cells can be
appropriately used to transform plant cells.
[0205] Furthermore, the following cells can be used as fungal
cells: [0206] yeasts: the Saccharomyces genus such as Saccharomyces
serevisiae, and the Pichia genus such as Pichia pastoris; and
[0207] filamentous fungi: the Aspergillus genus such as Aspergillus
niger.
[0208] Furthermore, antibody gene expression systems that utilize
prokaryotic cells are also known. For example, when using bacterial
cells, E. coli cells, Bacillus subtilis cells, and such can
suitably be utilized in the present invention. Expression vectors
carrying the antibody genes of interest are introduced into these
cells by transfection. The transfected cells are cultured in vitro,
and the desired antibody can be prepared from the culture of
transformed cells.
[0209] In addition to the above-described host cells, transgenic
animals can also be used to produce a recombinant antibody. That
is, the antibody can be obtained from an animal into which the gene
encoding the antibody of interest is introduced. For example, the
antibody gene can be constructed as a fusion gene by inserting in
frame into a gene that encodes a protein produced specifically in
milk. Goat .beta.-casein or such can be used, for example, as the
protein secreted in milk. DNA fragments containing the fused gene
inserted with the antibody gene is injected into a goat embryo, and
then this embryo is introduced into a female goat. Desired
antibodies can be obtained as a protein fused with the milk protein
from milk produced by the transgenic goat born from the
embryo-recipient goat (or progeny thereof). In addition, to
increase the volume of milk containing the desired antibody
produced by the transgenic goat, hormones can be administered to
the transgenic goat as necessary (Ebert, K. M. et al.,
Bio/Technology (1994) 12 (7), 699-702).
[0210] When an antigen-binding molecule described herein is
administered to human, an antigen-binding domain derived from a
genetically recombinant antibody that has been artificially
modified to reduce the heterologous antigenicity against human and
such, can be appropriately used as the antigen-binding domain of
the complex. Such genetically recombinant antibodies include, for
example, humanized antibodies. These modified antibodies are
appropriately produced by known methods.
[0211] An antibody variable region used to produce the
antigen-binding domain of an antigen-binding molecule described
herein is generally formed by three complementarity-determining
regions (CDRs) that are separated by four framework regions (FRs).
CDR is a region that substantially determines the binding
specificity of an antibody. The amino acid sequences of CDRs are
highly diverse. On the other hand, the FR-forming amino acid
sequences often have high identity even among antibodies with
different binding specificities. Therefore, generally, the binding
specificity of a certain antibody can be introduced to another
antibody by CDR grafting.
[0212] A humanized antibody is also called a reshaped human
antibody. Specifically, humanized antibodies prepared by grafting
the CDR of a non-human animal antibody such as a mouse antibody to
a human antibody and such are known. Common genetic engineering
techniques for obtaining humanized antibodies are also known.
Specifically, for example, overlap extension PCR is known as a
method for grafting a mouse antibody CDR to a human FR. In overlap
extension PCR, a nucleotide sequence encoding a mouse antibody CDR
to be grafted is added to primers for synthesizing a human antibody
FR. Primers are prepared for each of the four FRs. It is generally
considered that when grafting a mouse CDR to a human FR, selecting
a human FR that has high identity to a mouse FR is advantageous for
maintaining the CDR function. That is, it is generally preferable
to use a human FR comprising an amino acid sequence which has high
identity to the amino acid sequence of the FR adjacent to the mouse
CDR to be grafted.
[0213] Nucleotide sequences to be ligated are designed so that they
will be connected to each other in frame. Human FRs are
individually synthesized using the respective primers. As a result,
products in which the mouse CDR-encoding DNA is attached to the
individual FR-encoding DNAs are obtained. Nucleotide sequences
encoding the mouse CDR of each product are designed so that they
overlap with each other. Then, complementary strand synthesis
reaction is conducted to anneal the overlapping CDR regions of the
products synthesized using a human antibody gene as template. Human
FRs are ligated via the mouse CDR sequences by this reaction.
[0214] The full length V region gene, in which three CDRs and four
FRs are ultimately ligated, is amplified using primers that anneal
to its 5'- or 3'-end, which are added with suitable restriction
enzyme recognition sequences. An expression vector for humanized
antibody can be produced by inserting the DNA obtained as described
above and a DNA that encodes a human antibody C region into an
expression vector so that they will ligate in frame. After the
recombinant vector is transfected into a host to establish
recombinant cells, the recombinant cells are cultured, and the DNA
encoding the humanized antibody is expressed to produce the
humanized antibody in the cell culture (see, European Patent
Publication No. EP 239400 and International Patent Publication No.
WO 1996/002576).
[0215] By qualitatively or quantitatively measuring and evaluating
the antigen-binding activity of the humanized antibody produced as
described above, one can suitably select human antibody FRs that
allow CDRs to form a favorable antigen-binding site when ligated
through the CDRs. Amino acid residues in FRs may be substituted as
necessary, so that the CDRs of a reshaped human antibody form an
appropriate antigen-binding site. For example, amino acid sequence
mutations can be introduced into FRs by applying the PCR method
used for grafting a mouse CDR into a human FR. More specifically,
partial nucleotide sequence mutations can be introduced into
primers that anneal to the FR. Nucleotide sequence mutations are
introduced into the FRs synthesized by using such primers. Mutant
FR sequences having the desired characteristics can be selected by
measuring and evaluating the activity of the amino acid-substituted
mutant antibody to bind to the antigen by the above-mentioned
method (Cancer Res. (1993) 53: 851-856).
[0216] Alternatively, desired human antibodies can be obtained by
immunizing transgenic animals having the entire repertoire of human
antibody genes (see WO 1993/012227; WO 1992/003918; WO 1994/002602;
WO 1994/025585; WO 1996/034096; WO 1996/033735) by DNA
immunization.
[0217] Furthermore, techniques for preparing human antibodies by
panning using human antibody libraries are also known. For example,
the V region of a human antibody is expressed as a single-chain
antibody (scFv) on phage surface by the phage display method.
Phages expressing an scFv that binds to the antigen can be
selected. The DNA sequence encoding the human antibody V region
that binds to the antigen can be determined by analyzing the genes
of selected phages. The DNA sequence of the scFv that binds to the
antigen is determined. An expression vector is prepared by fusing
the V region sequence in frame with the C region sequence of a
desired human antibody, and inserting this into an appropriate
expression vector. The expression vector is introduced into cells
appropriate for expression such as those described above. The human
antibody can be produced by expressing the human antibody-encoding
gene in the cells. These methods are already known (see WO
1992/001047; WO 1992/020791; WO 1993/006213; WO 1993/011236; WO
1993/019172; WO 1995/001438; WO 1995/015388).
[0218] In addition to the techniques described above, techniques of
B cell cloning (identification of each antibody-encoding sequence,
cloning and its isolation; use in constructing expression vector in
order to prepare each antibody (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 in
particular); and such) such as described in Bernasconi et al.
(Science (2002) 298: 2199-2202) or in WO 2008/081008 can be
appropriately used to isolate antibody genes.
EU Numbering System
[0219] According to the methods used in the present invention,
amino acid positions assigned to antibody CDR and FR are specified
according to Kabat's numbering (Sequences of Proteins of
Immunological Interest (National Institute of Health, Bethesda,
Md., 1987 and 1991)). Herein, when an antigen-binding molecule is
an antibody or antigen-binding fragment, variable region amino
acids are indicated according to Kabat's numbering system, while
constant region amino acids are indicated according to EU numbering
system based on Kabat's amino acid positions.
Antigen Uptake into Cells or Promoting the Antigen Uptake into
Cells
[0220] Herein, "antigen uptake into cells" mediated by
antigen-binding molecules means that antigens are incorporated into
cells via endocytosis. Herein, "promoting the antigen uptake into
cells" means increasing the rate of cellular uptake of an
antigen-binding molecule that has bound to an antigen in plasma
and/or decreasing the amount of antigen recycled to plasma after
uptake. In the present invention, the rate of uptake into cells may
be enhanced compared to that of the antigen-binding molecule before
reducing its antigen-binding activity under a low calcium
concentration condition to be lower than that under a high calcium
concentration condition. Thus, in the present invention, whether
antigen uptake into cells is facilitated by an antigen-binding
molecule can be assessed based on an increase in the rate of
antigen uptake into cells. The rate of antigen uptake into cells
can be calculated, for example, by monitoring over time reduction
in the antigen concentration in the culture medium containing human
FcRn-expressing cells after adding the antigen and antigen-binding
molecule to the medium, or monitoring over time the amount of
antigen uptake into human FcRn-expressing cells.
[0221] Using methods of the present invention for facilitating the
rate of antigen-binding molecule-mediated antigen uptake into
cells, for example, the rate of antigen elimination from the plasma
can be enhanced by administering antigen-binding molecules. Thus,
whether antigen-binding molecule-mediated antigen uptake into cells
is facilitated can also be assessed, for example, by testing
whether the rate of antigen elimination from the plasma is
accelerated or whether the plasma antigen concentration is reduced
by administering an antigen-binding molecule. Specifically, the
reduction of the antigen concentration in plasma can also be
promoted by administering antigen-binding molecules of the present
invention.
The Number of Times of Antigen Binding by One Antigen-Binding
Molecule
[0222] Herein, "the number of times of antigen binding by one
antigen-binding molecule" means the number of times of antigen
binding that can be achieved by one antigen-binding molecule until
it is eliminated due to degradation. Herein, "increasing the number
of times of antigen binding by one antigen-binding molecule" means
increasing the number of cycles that can be achieved by one
antigen-binding molecule until it is eliminated due to degradation
when defining as "one cycle" the process in which the
antigen-binding molecule binds to an antigen in plasma, and the
antigen-binding molecule bound to the antigen is taken up into
cells, and dissociates from the antigen in an endosome, and then
the antigen-binding molecule returns to plasma. In the present
invention, the number of cycles may be increased compared to that
of an antigen-binding molecule whose antigen-binding activity under
a low calcium concentration condition is not lower than that under
a high calcium concentration condition, or that of the
antigen-binding molecule before reducing its antigen-binding
activity under a low calcium concentration condition to be lower
than that under a high calcium concentration condition. Thus,
whether the number of cycles is increased can be assessed by
testing whether "the uptake into cells is promoted" as described
above or whether "the plasma retention is improved" as described
below.
Improvement of Plasma Retention
[0223] Herein, "improvement of the plasma retention" is
interchangeable with "enhancement of the pharmacokinetics",
"improvement of the pharmacokinetics", "superior pharmacokinetics",
"enhancement of the plasma retention", "excellence in plasma
retention", or "prolongation of the plasma retention". These
phrases are synonymous.
[0224] Herein, "improvement of plasma retention" means not only
prolongation of the period until elimination from the plasma (for
example, until the antigen-binding molecule is degraded
intracellularly or the like and cannot return to the plasma) after
administration of the antigen-binding molecule to animals such as
humans, mice, rats, monkeys, rabbits, and dogs, but also
prolongation of the plasma retention of the antigen-binding
molecule in a form that allows antigen binding (for example, in an
antigen-free form of the antigen-binding molecule) during the
period of administration to elimination due to degradation.
Specifically, "improvement of plasma retention" also includes
prolongation of the period until elimination due to degradation of
the antigen-binding molecule not bound to antigens (the
antigen-free form of antigen-binding molecule).
[0225] The antigen-binding molecule in plasma cannot bind to a new
antigen if the antigen-binding molecule has already bound to an
antigen. Thus, the longer the period that the antigen-binding
molecule is not bound to an antigen, the longer the period that it
can bind to a new antigen (the higher the chance of binding to
another antigen). This enables reduction of the time period that an
antigen is free of the antigen-binding molecule in vivo and
prolongation of the period that an antigen is bound to the
antigen-binding molecule. The plasma concentration of the
antigen-free form of antigen-binding molecule can be increased and
the period that the antigen is bound to the antigen-binding
molecule can be prolonged by accelerating the antigen elimination
from the plasma by administration of the antigen-binding molecule.
Specifically, as used herein, "improvement of the plasma retention
of an antigen-binding molecule" includes improvement of any
pharmacokinetic parameter (such as prolongation of half-life in
plasma, prolongation of mean plasma retention time, or reduction of
clearance in plasma) of an antigen-free antigen-binding molecule of
the present invention, prolongation of the period where an antigen
is bound to the antigen-binding molecule after administration of
the antigen-binding molecule, and enhancement of antigen
elimination from plasma by the antigen-binding molecule, as
compared to an antigen-free antigen-binding molecule whose
antigen-binding activity under a low calcium concentration
condition is not lower than that under a high calcium concentration
condition, or an antigen-free antigen-binding molecule before
reducing its antigen-binding activity under a low calcium
concentration condition to be lower than that under a high calcium
concentration condition.
[0226] Whether the pharmacokinetics parameters are improved can be
assessed by determining any one of the parameters, half-life in
plasma, mean plasma retention time, and plasma clearance for the
antigen-binding molecule or the antigen-free form thereof
("Pharmacokinetics: Enshu-niyoru Rikai (Understanding through
practice)" Nanzando). For example, the plasma concentration of the
antigen-binding molecule or antigen-free form thereof is determined
after administration of the antigen-binding molecule to mice, rats,
monkeys, rabbits, dogs, or humans. Then, each parameter is
determined When the plasma half-life or mean plasma retention time
is prolonged, the plasma retention of the antigen-binding molecule
can be judged to be improved. The parameters can be determined by
methods known to those skilled in the art. The parameters can be
appropriately assessed, for example, by noncompartmental analysis
using the pharmacokinetics analysis software WinNonlin (Pharsight)
according to the appended instruction manual. The plasma
concentration of antigen-free form of antigen-binding molecule can
be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art, for
example, using the assay method described in Clin Pharmacol. 2008
April; 48(4): 406-17.
[0227] Herein, "improvement of the plasma retention" also includes
prolongation of the period where an antigen is bound to an
antigen-binding molecule after administration of the
antigen-binding molecule. Whether the period where an antigen is
bound to an antigen-binding molecule after administration of the
antigen-binding molecule is prolonged can be assessed based on the
time until the increase in the concentration (ratio) by measuring
the plasma concentration of the antigen-binding molecule-unbound
antigen (free antigen), or the ratio of the concentration of the
antigen-binding molecule-unbound antigen (concentration of the free
antigen) to the total antigen concentration.
[0228] In the present invention, the "antigen concentration in
plasma" can be determined by measuring the plasma concentration of
an antigen-binding molecule-free antigen, or the ratio of the
concentration of the antigen-binding molecule-free antigen to the
total antigen concentration, using methods known to those skilled
in the art, for example, measurement methods described in Pharm
Res. 2006 January; 23(1): 95-103.
[0229] Alternatively, when an antigen exhibits a particular
function in vivo, whether the antigen is bound to an
antigen-binding molecule that neutralizes the antigen function
(antagonistic molecule) can be assessed by testing whether the
antigen function is neutralized. Whether the antigen function is
neutralized can be assessed by assaying an in vivo marker that
reflects the antigen function. Whether the antigen is bound to an
antigen-binding molecule that activates the antigen function
(agonistic molecule) can be assessed by assaying an in vivo marker
that reflects the antigen function.
[0230] Determination of the plasma concentration of antigen-binding
molecule-free antigen and ratio of the concentration of
antigen-binding molecule-free antigen to the total antigen
concentration, in vivo marker assay, and such measurements are not
particularly limited; however, the assays are preferably carried
out after a certain period of time has passed after administration
of the antigen-binding molecule. In the present invention, the
period after administration of the antigen-binding molecule is not
particularly limited; those skilled in the art can determine the
appropriate period depending on the properties and the like of the
administered antigen-binding molecule. Such periods include, for
example, one day after administration of the antigen-binding
molecule, three days after administration of the antigen-binding
molecule, seven days after administration of the antigen-binding
molecule, 14 days after administration of the antigen-binding
molecule, and 28 days after administration of the antigen-binding
molecule.
[0231] In the present invention, improvement of plasma retention in
human is preferred. When the plasma retention in human is difficult
to determine, it may be predicted based on the plasma retention in
mice (for example, normal mice, human antigen-expressing transgenic
mice, human FcRn-expressing transgenic mice) or monkeys (for
example, cynomolgus monkeys).
Dissociation of an Antigen within a Cell from an
Extracellularly-Bound Antigen-Binding Molecule
[0232] The present invention is also applicable as a method for
promoting the dissociation of an antigen within a cell from an
extracellularly-bound antigen-binding molecule. In the present
invention, the antigen may dissociate from the antigen-binding
molecule anywhere in a cell; however, it is preferred that the
antigen dissociates within an early endosome. In the present
invention, "an antigen dissociates within a cell from an
extracellularly-bound antigen-binding molecule" does not
necessarily mean that every antigen which has been taken up into a
cell by extracellularly binding to the antigen-binding molecule
dissociates from the antigen-binding molecule within the cell. It
is acceptable that the proportion of the antigen that dissociates
from the antigen-binding molecule within a cell is higher compared
to an antigen-binding molecule whose antigen-binding activity under
a low calcium concentration condition is not lower than that under
a high calcium concentration condition, or the antigen-binding
molecule before reducing the antigen-binding activity under a low
calcium concentration condition to be lower than that under a high
calcium concentration condition. The method for promoting the
dissociation of an antigen within a cell from an
extracellularly-bound antigen-binding molecule can also be referred
to as a method for conferring to an antigen-binding molecule a
property that facilitates promotion of the intracellular uptake of
the antigen-binding molecule bound to an antigen, and promotion of
the intracellular dissociation of the antigen from the
antigen-binding molecule.
Extracellular Release in an Antigen-Free Form of an Antigen-Binding
Molecule that has been Taken Up into a Cell in an Antigen-Bound
Form
[0233] The present invention is also applicable as a method for
enhancing the extracellular release in an antigen-free form of an
antigen-binding molecule that has been taken up into a cell in an
antigen-bound form. In the present invention, "extracellular
release in an antigen-free form of an antigen-binding molecule that
has been taken up into a cell in an antigen-bound form" does not
necessarily mean that every antigen-binding molecule that has been
bound to an antigen and taken up into a cell is released in an
antigen-free form to the outside of a cell. It is acceptable that
the proportion of the antigen-binding molecule that is released in
an antigen-free form to the outside of cells is higher compared to
an antigen-binding molecule whose antigen-binding activity under a
low calcium concentration condition is not lower than that under a
high calcium concentration condition, or the antigen-binding
molecule before reducing its antigen-binding activity under a low
calcium concentration condition to be lower than that under a high
calcium concentration condition. It is preferred that the
antigen-binding molecule released to the outside of a cell retains
the antigen-binding activity. The method for promoting the
extracellular release in an antigen-free form of an antigen-binding
molecule that has been taken up into a cell in an antigen-bound
form can also be referred to as a method for conferring to an
antigen-binding molecule a property that facilitates promotion of
the intracellular uptake of the antigen-binding molecule bound to
an antigen, and promotion of the extracellular release of the
antigen-binding molecule in an antigen-free form.
Calcium Concentration Condition
[0234] Herein, the low calcium concentration condition typically
means the concentration of ionized calcium is 0.1 .mu.M to 30
.mu.M, preferably 0.5 .mu.M to 10 .mu.M, and particularly
preferably 1 .mu.M to 5 .mu.M, which is comparable to the
concentration of ionized calcium in the early endosome in vivo.
Meanwhile, herein, the high calcium concentration condition
typically means that the concentration of ionized calcium is 100
.mu.M to 10 mM, preferably 200 .mu.M to 5 mM, and particularly
preferably 0.5 mM to 2.5 mM, which is comparable to the
concentration of ionized calcium in plasma (blood) in vivo.
[0235] Thus, herein, "the antigen-binding activity of an
antigen-binding molecule is lower under a low calcium concentration
condition than under a high calcium concentration condition" means
that the antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule is
lower at an ionized calcium concentration of 0.1 .mu.M to 30 .mu.M
than at an ionized calcium concentration of 100 .mu.M to 10 mM. It
preferably means that the antigen-binding activity of an
antigen-binding molecule is lower at an ionized calcium
concentration of 0.5 .mu.M to 10 .mu.M than at an ionized calcium
concentration of 200 .mu.M to 5 mM. Particularly preferably, it
means that the antigen-binding activity is lower at the
concentration of ionized calcium in the early endosome in vivo than
at the concentration of ionized calcium in plasma in vivo;
specifically, it means that the antigen-binding activity of an
antigen-binding molecule is lower at an ionized calcium
concentration of 1 .mu.M to 5 .mu.M than at an ionized calcium
concentration of 0.5 mM to 2.5 mM.
[0236] Meanwhile, as used herein, the phrase "the antigen-binding
activity of an antigen-binding molecule is lower under a low
calcium concentration condition than under a high calcium
concentration condition" is interchangeable with the phrase "the
antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule is higher
under a high calcium concentration condition than under a low
calcium concentration condition". The phrase "the antigen-binding
activity of an antigen-binding molecule is lower under a low
calcium concentration condition than under a high calcium
concentration condition" also means that the antigen-binding
activity of an antigen-binding molecule under a low calcium
concentration condition is reduced to be lower than that under a
high calcium concentration condition or the antigen-binding
activity of an antigen-binding molecule under a high calcium
concentration condition is increased to be higher than that under a
low calcium concentration condition, by modifying an amino acid
sequence in the antigen-binding molecule, etc. That is, in the
present invention, the ratio between the antigen-binding activity
of an antigen-binding molecule under a low calcium concentration
condition and that under a high calcium concentration condition may
be increased. For example, in an embodiment, the ratio of KD (Ca 3
.mu.M)/KD (Ca 2 mM) may be increased as described below. The ratio
between the antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule
under a low calcium concentration condition and that under a high
calcium concentration condition may be increased, for example, by
lowering the antigen-binding activity under a low calcium
concentration condition through selection of an antigen-binding
molecule with low antigen-binding activity under a low calcium
concentration condition, or through modification of an amino acid
sequence in the antigen-binding molecule; or by increasing the
antigen-binding activity under a high calcium concentration
condition through selection of an antigen-binding molecule with
high antigen-binding activity under a high calcium concentration
condition, or through modification of an amino acid sequence in the
antigen-binding molecule; or by both of them.
[0237] Herein, the expression "the antigen-binding ability is
weaker under a low calcium concentration condition than under a
high calcium concentration condition", is sometimes used instead of
the phrase "the antigen-binding activity is lower under a low
calcium concentration condition than under a high calcium
concentration condition". Furthermore, the expression, "weakening
the antigen-binding ability under a low calcium concentration
condition to be lower than that under a high calcium concentration
condition", is sometimes used instead of the phrase "reducing the
antigen-binding activity under a low calcium concentration
condition to be lower than that under a high calcium concentration
condition".
FcRn
[0238] Unlike Fey receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin
superfamily, FcRn, particularly human FcRn, is structurally similar
to polypeptides of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I,
exhibiting 22% to 29% sequence identity to class I MHC molecules
(Ghetie et al., Immunol. Today (1997) 18 (12): 592-598). FcRn is
expressed as a heterodimer consisting of soluble .beta. or light
chain (.beta.2 microglobulin) complexed with transmembrane a or
heavy chain. Like MHC, FcRn .alpha. chain comprises three
extracellular domains (.alpha.1, .alpha.2, and .alpha.3) and its
short cytoplasmic domain anchors the protein onto the cell surface.
.alpha.1 and .alpha.2 domains interact with the FcRn-binding domain
of the antibody Fc region (Raghavan et al., Immunity (1994) 1:
303-315).
[0239] FcRn is expressed in maternal placenta and york sac of
mammals, and is involved in mother-to-fetus IgG transfer. In
addition, in neonatal small intestine of rodents, where FcRn is
expressed, FcRn is involved in transfer of maternal IgG across
brush border epithelium from ingested colostrum or milk. FcRn is
expressed in a variety of other tissues and endothelial cell
systems of various species. FcRn is also expressed in adult human
endothelia, muscular blood vessels, and hepatic sinusoidal
capillaries. FcRn is believed to play a role in maintaining the
plasma IgG concentration by mediating recycling of IgG to serum
upon binding to IgG Typically, binding of FcRn to IgG molecules is
strictly pH dependent. The optimal binding is observed in an acidic
pH range below 7.0.
[0240] Human FcRn whose precursor is a polypeptide having the
signal sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 (the polypeptide with the signal
sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 18) forms a complex with human
.beta.2-microglobulin in vivo. Soluble human FcRn complexed with
.beta.2-microglobulin is produced by using conventional recombinant
expression techniques. FcRn-binding domains of the present
invention can be assessed for their binding activity to such a
soluble human FcRn complexed with .beta.2-microglobulin. Herein,
unless otherwise specified, human FcRn refers to a form capable of
binding to an FcRn-binding domain of the present invention.
Examples include a complex between human FcRn and human
.beta.2-microglobulin.
FcRn-Binding Domain
[0241] The antigen-binding molecules of the present invention have
an antigen-binding domain and a human FcRn-binding domain. The
human FcRn-binding domain is not particularly limited, as long as
the antigen-binding molecules exhibit the human FcRn-binding
activity at acidic pH and/or neutral pH. Alternatively, the domain
may have a direct or indirect human FcRn-binding activity. Such
domains include, for example, the Fc region of IgG-type
immunoglobulin, albumin, albumin domain 3, anti-human FcRn
antibodies, anti-human FcRn peptides, and anti-human FcRn scaffold
molecules, all of which have the activity to directly bind to human
FcRn; and molecules that bind to IgG or albumin, which have the
activity to indirectly bind to human FcRn. Such preferred domains
of the present invention have human FcRn-binding activity in the
acidic and neutral pH ranges. It is possible to use the domains
without any alteration as long as they already have human
FcRn-binding activity in the acidic and neutral pH ranges. When the
domains have only weak or no human FcRn-binding activity in the
acidic and/or neutral pH ranges, the human FcRn-binding activity
may be conferred by altering amino acids in the antigen-binding
molecules. However, it is preferred that human FcRn-binding
activity in the acidic and/or neutral pH ranges is conferred by
altering amino acids in the human FcRn-binding domain.
Alternatively, amino acids in the domains that already have human
FcRn-binding activity in the acidic and/or neutral pH ranges may be
altered to increase the human FcRn-binding activity. Desired amino
acid alterations in the human FcRn-binding domain can be selected
by comparing the human FcRn-binding activity in the acidic and/or
neutral pH ranges before and after amino acid alteration.
[0242] The preferred human FcRn-binding domain is a region that
directly binds to human FcRn. Such preferred human FcRn-binding
regions include, for example, antibody Fc regions. Meanwhile,
regions capable of binding to a polypeptide such as albumin or IgG,
which has human FcRn-binding activity, can indirectly bind to human
FcRn via albumin, IgG, or such. Thus, such a human FcRn-binding
region of the present invention may be a region that binds to a
polypeptide having an activity of binding to albumin or IgG. In
particular, a human-FcRn-binding domain with a greater human
FcRn-binding activity at neutral pH is preferred. A
human-FcRn-binding domain with a greater human FcRn-binding
activity at neutral pH may be selected in advance. Alternatively,
the human FcRn-binding activity at neutral pH may be conferred or
increased by modifying an amino acid in an antigen-binding
molecule.
[0243] Appropriate conditions, other than the pH at which the human
FcRn-binding activity is determined, can be selected by those
skilled in the art. The conditions are not particularly limited.
For example, the measurements can be conducted at 37.degree. C.
using MES buffer, as described in WO 2009/125825. Meanwhile, the
human FcRn-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule can be
determined by methods known to those skilled in the art, for
example, by using Biacore (GE Healthcare) or the like. The activity
of binding between an antigen-binding molecule and human FcRn can
be assessed by loading human FcRn or the antigen-binding molecule
as an analyte to a chip onto which the antigen-binding molecule or
human FcRn is immobilized, respectively.
[0244] Herein, the human FcRn-binding activity at acidic pH means
the human FcRn-binding activity at pH 4.0 to 6.5, preferably the
human FcRn-binding activity at pH 5.5 to 6.5, and particularly
preferably the human FcRn-binding activity at pH 5.8 to 6.0, which
is comparable to pH in the early endosome in vivo. Meanwhile, the
human FcRn-binding activity at neutral pH means the human
FcRn-binding activity at pH 6.7 to 10.0, preferably the human
FcRn-binding activity at pH 7.0 to pH 8.0, and particularly
preferably the human FcRn-binding activity at pH 7.4, which is
comparable to pH in plasma in vivo.
[0245] The human FcRn-binding activity at neutral pH can be
conferred to or increased in an antigen-binding molecule by
modifying an amino acid in the molecule. For example, when the Fc
region of an IgG-type immunoglobulin is used as the
human-FcRn-binding domain, the human FcRn-binding activity at
neutral pH can be conferred to or increased in an antigen-binding
molecule by modifying an amino acid in the human-FcRn-binding
domain. Preferred Fc region of IgG-type immunoglobulin to be
altered includes, for example, the Fc region of a human natural IgG
(IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4) Amino acids at any sites may be altered
to other amino acids as long as the human FcRn-binding activity is
conferred or increased at neutral pH. When the antigen-binding
molecule has a human IgG1 Fc region as the human FcRn-binding
domain, it is preferred that the molecule has alterations that
potentiate the binding to human FcRn at neutral pH as compared to
that of the human natural IgG1 Amino acids where such alteration
can be achieved include, for example, amino acids at positions 221
to 225, 227, 228, 230, 232, 233 to 241, 243 to 252, 254 to 260, 262
to 272, 274, 276, 278 to 289, 291 to 312, 315 to 320, 324, 325, 327
to 339, 341, 343, 345, 360, 362, 370, 375 to 378, 380, 382, 385 to
387, 389, 396, 414, 416, 423, 424, 426 to 438, 440, and 442 (EU
numbering). More specifically, such amino acid alterations include,
for example, those listed in Table 1. The human FcRn binding of the
Fc region of an IgG-type immunoglobulin at neutral pH can be
enhanced (potentiated) by using the alterations described above.
Furthermore, alterations that can potentiate the binding to human
FcRn in the acidic pH range as compared to the human natural IgG1
are shown as an example in Table 2. When appropriate alterations
that can also potentiate the binding to human FcRn at neutral pH
range are selected from the above-described alterations, they are
applicable to the present invention.
[0246] "Alteration of amino acids" or "amino acid alteration" of an
FcRn-binding domain comprises alteration of an amino acid sequence
in a parent FcRn-binding domain to a different amino acid
sequences. Any FcRn-binding domain can be used as a parent
FcRn-binding domain, as long as variants prepared by modifying the
parent FcRn-binding domain can bind to human FcRn in the neutral pH
range. Furthermore, an FcRn-binding domain modified from a parent
FcRn-binding domain which has been already modified can also be
used preferably as an FcRn-binding domain of the present invention.
The "parent FcRn-binding domain" can refer to the polypeptide
itself, a composition comprising the parent FcRn-binding domain, or
a polynucleotide sequence encoding the parent FcRn-binding domain.
Parent FcRn-binding domains can comprise a known Fc region produced
via recombination described briefly in section "Antibodies". The
origin of parent FcRn-binding domains is not limited, and they may
be obtained from human or any nonhuman organisms. Such organisms
preferably include mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, gerbils,
cats, rabbits, dogs, goats, sheep, bovines, horses, camels and
organisms selected from nonhuman primates. In another embodiment,
parent FcRn-binding domains can also be obtained from cynomolgus
monkeys, marmosets, rhesus monkeys, chimpanzees, or humans. Parent
FcRn-binding domains can be obtained preferably from human IgG1;
however, they are not limited to any particular IgG class. This
means that an Fc region of human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 can be
used appropriately as a parent FcRn-binding domain, and herein also
means that an Fc region of an arbitrary IgG class or subclass
derived from any organisms described above can be preferably used
as a parent FcRn-binding domain. Examples of naturally-occurring
IgG mutants or modified forms are described in published documents
(Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. (2009) 20 (6): 685-91; Curr. Opin.
Immunol. (2008) 20 (4), 460-470; Protein Eng. Des. Sel. (2010) 23
(4): 195-202; WO 2009/086320; WO 2008/092117; WO 2007/041635; and
WO 2006/105338); however, they are not limited to the examples.
[0247] Examples of alterations include those with one or more
mutations, for example, mutations by substitution of different
amino acid residues for amino acids of parent FcRn-binding domains,
by insertion of one or more amino acid residues into parent
FcRn-binding domains, or by deletion of one or more amino acids
from parent FcRn-binding domains. Preferably, the amino acid
sequences of altered FcRn-binding domains comprise at least a part
of the amino acid sequence of a non-natural FcRn-binding domain.
Such variants necessarily have sequence identity or similarity less
than 100% to their parent FcRn-binding domain. In a preferred
embodiment, the variants have amino acid sequence identity or
similarity about 75% to less than 100%, more preferably about 80%
to less than 100%, even more preferably about 85% to less than
100%, still more preferably about 90% to less than 100%, and yet
more preferably about 95% to less than 100% to the amino acid
sequence of their parent FcRn-binding domain. In a non-limiting
embodiment of the present invention, at least one amino acid is
different between a modified FcRn-binding domain of the present
invention and its parent FcRn-binding domain Amino acid difference
between a modified FcRn-binding domain of the present invention and
its parent FcRn-binding domain can also be preferably specified
based on amino acid differences at above-described particular amino
acid positions according to EU numbering system.
[0248] Furthermore, alterations that can potentiate the binding to
human FcRn in the acidic pH range as compared to the parent human
IgG are shown as an example in Table 2. When appropriate
alterations that can also potentiate the binding to human FcRn in
the neutral pH range are selected from the above-described
alterations, they are applicable to the present invention.
Meanwhile, combinations of alterations that can potentiate the
binding of Fv-4-IgG1 to human FcRn under acidic conditions are
shown in Tables 6-1 and 6-2. Particularly preferred amino acids to
be altered in the parent human IgG Fc region include, for example,
amino acids at positions 237, 238, 239, 248, 250, 252, 254, 255,
256, 257, 258, 265, 270, 286, 289, 297, 298, 303, 305, 307, 308,
309, 311, 312, 314, 315, 317, 325, 332, 334, 360, 376, 380, 382,
384, 385, 386, 387, 389, 424, 428, 433, 434, and 436 (EU
numbering).
[0249] Particularly preferred alterations include, for example,
an amino acid substitution of Met for Gly at position 237; an amino
acid substitution of Ala for Pro at position 238; an amino acid
substitution of Lys for Ser at position 239; an amino acid
substitution of Ile for Lys at position 248; an amino acid
substitution of Ala, Phe, Ile, Met, Gln, Ser, Val, Trp, or Tyr for
Thr at position 250; an amino acid substitution of Phe, Trp, or Tyr
for Met at position 252; an amino acid substitution of Thr for Ser
at position 254; an amino acid substitution of Glu for Arg at
position 255; an amino acid substitution of Asp, Glu, or Gln for
Thr at position 256; an amino acid substitution of Ala, Gly, Ile,
Leu, Met, Asn, Ser, Thr, or Val for Pro at position 257; an amino
acid substitution of His for Glu at position 258; an amino acid
substitution of Ala for Asp at position 265; an amino acid
substitution of Phe for Asp at position 270; an amino acid
substitution of Ala, or Glu for Asn at position 286; an amino acid
substitution of His for Thr at position 289; an amino acid
substitution of Ala for Asn at position 297; an amino acid
substitution of Gly for Ser at position 298; an amino acid
substitution of Ala for Val at position 303; an amino acid
substitution of Ala for Val at position 305; an amino acid
substitution of Ala, Asp, Phe, Gly, His, Ile, Lys, Leu, Met, Asn,
Pro, Gln, Arg, Ser, Val, Trp, or Tyr for Thr at position 307; an
amino acid substitution of Ala, Phe, Ile, Leu, Met, Pro, Gln, or
Thr for Val at position 308; an amino acid substitution of Ala,
Asp, Glu, Pro, or Arg for Leu or Val at position 309; an amino acid
substitution of Ala, His, or Ile for Gln at position 311; an amino
acid substitution of Ala, or His for Asp at position 312; an amino
acid substitution of Lys, or Arg for Leu at position 314; an amino
acid substitution of Ala, or His for Asn at position 315; an amino
acid substitution of Ala for Lys at position 317; an amino acid
substitution of Gly for Asn at position 325; an amino acid
substitution of Val for Ile at position 332; an amino acid
substitution of Leu for Lys at position 334; an amino acid
substitution of His for Lys at position 360; an amino acid
substitution of Ala for Asp at position 376; an amino acid
substitution of Ala for Glu at position 380; an amino acid
substitution of Ala for Glu at position 382; an amino acid
substitution of Ala for Asn or Ser at position 384; an amino acid
substitution of Asp, or His for Gly at position 385; an amino acid
substitution of Pro for Gln at position 386; an amino acid
substitution of Glu for Pro at position 387; an amino acid
substitution of Ala, or Ser for Asn at position 389; an amino acid
substitution of Ala for Ser at position 424; an amino acid
substitution of Ala, Asp, Phe, Gly, His, Ile, Lys, Leu, Asn, Pro,
Gln, Ser, Thr, Val, Trp, or Tyr for Met at position 428; an amino
acid substitution of Lys for His at position 433; an amino acid
substitution of Ala, Phe, His, Ser, Trp, or Tyr for Asn at position
434; and an amino acid substitution of His for Tyr or Phe at
position 436 (EU numbering) in the parent IgG Fc region.
[0250] Meanwhile, the number of amino acids to be altered is not
particularly limited; and it is possible to alter amino acids at
only a single site or at two or more sites. Combinations of two or
more amino acid alterations include, for example, those shown in
Table 3. Meanwhile, combinations of alterations that can potentiate
the binding to human FcRn in the acidic pH range as compared to the
parent human IgG are shown in Tables 4-1 to 4-5. When appropriate
combinations of alterations that can also potentiate the binding to
human FcRn in the neutral pH range are selected from the
above-described alterations, they are applicable to the present
invention. Furthermore, combinations of alterations that can
potentiate the binding of Fv-4-IgG1 to human FcRn under neutral
conditions are shown in Tables 5-1 and 5-2.
[0251] The human FcRn-binding activity of an antigen-binding
molecule in the neutral pH range can be increased by substituting
at least one amino acid selected from these amino acids with a
different amino acid.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 POSITION AMINO ACID ALTERATION 256 P 280 K
339 T 385 H 428 L 434 W, Y, F, A, H
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 POSITION AMINO ACID ALTERATION POSITION
AMINO ACID ALTERATION 221 Y, K 299 W, F, H, Y 222 Y 300 K, A, G, V,
M, Q, N, E 223 E, K 301 E 224 Y, E 302 I 225 E, K, W 303 Y, E, A
227 K, E, G 304 N, T 228 Y, K, G 305 A, H 230 E, G 306 Y 232 K 307
A, E, M, G, Q, H 233 R, S, M, T, W, Y, G 308 A, R, F, C, Y, W, N, H
234 H, R, E, I, V, F, D, Y, G 311 A, I, K, L, M, V, W, T, H 235 Y,
V, N, S, T, Q, D 312 A, P, H 236 I, V, K, P, E, Q, H, W, Y, D, T,
M, A, F, S, N, R 315 T, H 237 I, W, S, T, E, R, N, Q, K, H, D, P,
L, M 316 K 238 A, L, D, S, T, H, W, V, I, G, M, F, E, K 317 A, P, H
239 M, R, T, G, V, E, D, L, A 318 N, T, R, L, Y 240 I, M, T 319 L,
I, W, H, M, V, A 241 E, W, L 320 L, W, H, N 243 E, W 324 T, D 244 L
325 F, M, D 245 R 326 A 246 Y, H 327 D, K, M, Y, H, L 247 D 328 G,
A, W, R, F 248 Y 329 K, R, W 249 P, Q, Y, H 330 G, W, V, P, H, F
250 I, E, Q 331 L, FY 251 T, D 332 F, H, K, L, M, R, S, W, T, Q, E,
Y, D, N, V 252 Y, W, Q 333 L, F, M, A 254 H 334 A 255 E, Y, H 335
H, F, N, V, M, W, I, S, P, L 256 A 336 E, K 257 A, I, M, N, S, V,
T, L, Y, C 337 A 258 D, Y, H, A 338 A 259 I, F, N 339 N, W 260 S,
D, E, H, Y 341 P 262 L, E 343 E, H, K, Q, R, T, Y 263 I 360 H, A
264 F, A, I, T, N, S, D 362 A 265 R, P, G, A 375 R 266 I 376 A, G,
I, M, P, T, V 267 K, E, A 377 K 268 E, M 378 Q, D, N, W 269 M, W,
K, P, I, S, G, V, F, Y, A 380 A, N, S, T, Q, R, H 270 K, S, I, A
382 A, F, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, S, T, V, W, Y 271 A, V, S, Y, I,
T 385 N, E 272 A, L, R, I, D, H, V, W, Y, P, T 386 H 274 M, F, G,
E, I, T, N 387 H, Q 276 D, F, H, R, L, V, W, A 414 A 278 R, S, V,
M, N, I, L, D 423 N 279 A, D, G, H, M, N, Q, R, S, T, W, Y, C, I
424 A 281 D, Y 426 H, L, V, R 282 G, K, E, Y 427 N 283 A, D, F, G,
H, I, K, L, N, P, Q, R, S, T, W, Y 428 F 284 T, L, Q, E 429 Q 285
N, Y, W, Q, K, E, D, Y 430 A, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, Q, R, S, T,
V, Y 286 F, L, Y, E, P, , D, K, A 431 H, K 287 S, H 432 H 288 N, P,
Y, H, D, I, V, C, E, G, L, Q, R 433 P 289 H 434 G, T, M, S, 291 Q,
H 435 K 292 Y, E, D 436 I, L, T 293 V 437 H 294 I, K, G 438 K, L,
T, W 295 V, T 440 K 296 E, I, L 442 K 298 F, E, T, H
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 COMBINATION OF AMINO ACID ALTERATION
M252Y/S254T/T256E M252Y/S254T/T256E/H433K/N434F/Y436H
H433K/N434F/Y436H T307A/E380A T307A/E380A/N434H T307A/E380A/N434A
N434H/N315H N434H/T289H N434H/T370A/E380A T250Q/M428L T250Q/N434A
M252W/N434A M252Y/N434A T256A/N434A T256D/N434A T256E/N434A
T256S/N434A P257I/Q311I T307A/N434A T307E/N434A T307Q/N434A
V308P/N434A L309G/N434A Q311H/N434A Q311R/N434A N315D/N434A
A378V/N434A E380S/N434A E382V/N434A S424E/N434A M428L/N434A
N434A/Y436I T437Q/N434A T437R/N434A
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4-1 COMBINATION OF AMINO ACID ALTERATION
L234I/L235D G236A/V308F/I332E G236R/L328R G236A/I332E/N434S
S239E/V264I/A330Y/I332E S239E/V264I/I332E
S239E/V264I/S298A/A330Y/I332E S239D/D265H/N297D/I332E
S239D/E272Y/I332E S239D/E272S/I332E S239D/E272I/I332E
S239D/N297D/I332E S239D/K326T/I332E S239Q/I332Q S239Q/I332N
S239D/I332D S239D/I332E S239Q/I332E S239E/I332E F241W/F243W
F241Y/F243Y/V262T/V264T F241W/F243W/V262A/V264A F241L/V262I
F243L/V262I/V264W F243L/K288D/R292P/Y300L/V305I/P396L/H435K
F243L/K288D/R292P/Y300L/H435K F243L/R292P/Y300L/V305I/P396L/H435K
P245G/V308F T250I/V259I/V308F T250I/V308F T250I/V308F/N434S
T250Q/V308F/M428L T250Q/M428L L251I/N434S L251N/N434S L251F/N434S
L251V/N434S L251M/N434S T252L/T254S/T256F M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434M
M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434S M252Y/S254T/T256E
M252Y/S254T/T256E/V308F M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434S
M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434A M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L
M252Y/S254T/T256E/T307Q M252F/T256D M252Y/T256Q M252Y/P257L
M252Y/P257N M252Y/V259I M252Y/V279Q M252Y/V308P/N434Y M252Q/V308F
M252Y/V308F
[0252] Table 4-2 is a continuation of Table 4-1.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4-2 M252Q/V308F/N434S M252Y/V308F/M428L
M252Y/V308F/N434M M252Y/V308F/N434S M252Y/Y319I M252Q/M428L/N434S
M252Y/M428L M252Y/N434M M252Y/N434S M252Y/N434A M252Y/N434Y
S254T/V308F R255H/N434A R255Q/N434S R255H/N434S T256V/V308F
T256P/Q311I T256P/I332E T256P/I332F/S440Y T256P/E430Q T256P/N434H
T256E/N434Y T256P/S440Y P257Y/V279Q P257L/V279E P257N/V279Q
P257N/V279E P257N/V279Y P257L/V279Q P257N/{circumflex over ( )}281S
P257L/{circumflex over ( )}281S P257N/V284E P257N/L306Y P257L/V308Y
P257L/V308F P257N/V308Y P257I/Q311I/N434H P257L/Q311V P257L/G385N
P257L/M428L P257I/E430Q P257I/N434H P257L/N434Y E258H/N434A
E258H/N434H V259I/T307Q/V308F V259I/V308F V259I/V308F/Y319L
V259I/V308F/Y319I V259A/V308F V259I/V308F/N434M V259I/V308F/N434S
V259I/V308F/M428L/N434S V259I/V308F/M428L V259I/Y319I
V259I/Y319I/N434S V259I/M428L V259I/M428L/N434S V259I/N434S
[0253] Table 4-3 is a continuation of Table 4-2.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 4-3 V259I/N434Y V264I/A330L/I332E V264I/I332E
D265F/N297E/I332E S267L/A327S E272R/V279L V279E/V284E V279Q/L306Y
V279Y/V308F V279Q/V308F V279Q/G385H {circumflex over ( )}281S/V308Y
{circumflex over ( )}281S/V308F {circumflex over ( )}281S/N434Y
E283F/V284E V284E/V308F V284E/G385H K288A/N434A K288D/H435K
K288V/H435D T289H/N434A T289H/N434H L306I/V308F T307P/V308F
T307Q/V308F/N434S T307Q/V308F/Y319L T307S/V308F T307Q/V308F
T307A/E310A/N434A T307Q/E380A/N434A T307Q/M428L T307Q/N434M
T307I/N434S T307V/N434S T307Q/N434S T307Q/N434Y V308T/L309P/Q311S
V308F/L309Y V308F/Q311V V308F/Y319F V308F/Y319I/N434M V308F/Y319I
V308F/Y319L V308F/Y319I/M428L V308F/Y319I/M428L/N434S
V308F/Y319L/N434S V308F/I332E V308F/G385H V308F/M428L/N434M
V308F/M428L V308F/M428L/N434S V308P/N434Y V308F/N434M V308F/N434S
V308F/N434Y Q311G/N434S Q311D/N434S Q311E/N434S Q311N/N434S
[0254] Table 4-4 is a continuation of Table 4-3.
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 4-4 Q311Y/N434S Q311F/N434S Q311W/N434S
Q311A/N434S Q311K/N434S Q311T/N434S Q311R/N434S Q311L/N434S
Q311M/N434S Q311V/N434S Q311I/N434S Q311A/N434Y D312H/N434A
D312H/N434H L314Q/N434S L314V/N434S L314M/N434S L314F/N434S
L314I/N434S N315H/N434A N315H/N434H Y319I/V308F Y319I/N428L
Y319I/M428L/N434S Y319I/N434M Y319I/N434S L328H/I332E L328N/I332E
L328E/I332E L328I/I332E L328Q/I332E L328D/I332E L328R/M428L/N434S
A330L/I332E A330Y/I332E I332E/D376V I332E/N434S P343R/E345D
D376V/E430Q D376V/E430R D376V/N434H E380A/N434A
G385R/Q386T/P387R/N389P G385D/Q386P/N389S N414F/Y416H M428L/N434M
M428L/N434S M428L/N434A M428L/N434Y H429N/N434S E430D/N434S
E430T/N434S E430S/N434S E430A/N434S E430F/N434S E430Q/N434S
E430L/N434S E430I/N434S A431T/N434S
[0255] Table 4-5 is a continuation of Table 4-4.
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 4-5 A431S/N434S A431G/N434S A431V/N434S
A431N/N434S A431F/N434S A431H/N434S L432F/N434S L432N/N434S
L432Q/N434S L432H/N434S L432G/N434S L432I/N434S L432V/N434S
L432A/N434S H433K/N434F H433L/N434S H433M/N434S H433A/N434S
H433V/N434S H433K/N434S H433S/N434S H433P/N434S N434S/M428L
N434S/Y436D N434S/Y436Q N434S/Y436M N434S/Y436G N434S/Y436E
N434S/Y436F N434S/Y436T N434S/Y436R N434S/Y436S N434S/Y436H
N434S/Y436K N434S/Y436L N434S/Y436V N434S/Y436W N434S/Y436I
N434S/T437I
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 5-1 VARIANT NAME KD (M) AMINO ACID ALTERATION
IgG1 ND NONE IgG1-v1 3.2E-06 M252Y/S254T/T256E IgG1-v2 8.1E-07
N434W IgG1-F3 2.5E-06 N434Y IgG1-F4 5.8E-06 N434S IgG1-F5 6.8E-06
N434A IgG1-F7 5.6E-06 M252Y IgG1-F8 4.2E-06 M252W IgG1-F9 1.4E-07
M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434Y IgG1-F10 6.9E-08 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434W
IgG1-F11 3.1E-07 M252Y/N434Y IgG1-F12 1.7E-07 M252Y/N434W IgG1-F13
3.2E-07 M252W/N434Y IgG1-F14 1.8E-07 M252W/N434W IgG1-F19 4.6E-07
P257L/N434Y IgG1-F20 4.6E-07 V308F/N434Y IgG1-F21 3.0E-08
M252Y/V308P/N434Y IgG1-F22 2.0E-06 M428L/N434S IgG1-F25 9.2E-09
M252Y/S254T/T256E/V308P/N434W IgG1-F26 1.0E-06 I332V IgG1-F27
7.4E-06 G237M IgG1-F29 1.4E-06 I332V/N434Y IgG1-F31 2.8E-06
G237M/V308F IgG1-F32 8.0E-07 S254T/N434W IgG1-F33 2.3E-06
S254T/N434Y IgG1-F34 2.8E-07 T256E/N434W IgG1-F35 8.4E-07
T256E/N434Y IgG1-F36 3.6E-07 S254T/T256E/N434W IgG1-F37 1.1E-06
S254T/T256E/N434Y IgG1-F38 1.0E-07 M252Y/S254T/N434W IgG1-F39
3.0E-07 M252Y/S254T/N434Y IgG1-F40 8.2E-08 M252Y/T256E/N434W
IgG1-F41 1.5E-07 M252Y/T256E/N434Y IgG1-F42 1.0E-06
M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434A IgG1-F43 1.7E-06 M252Y/N434A IgG1-F44
1.1E-06 M252W/N434A IgG1-F47 2.4E-07 M252Y/T256Q/N434W IgG1-F48
3.2E-07 M252Y/T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F49 5.1E-07 M252F/T256D/N434W
IgG1-F50 1.2E-06 M252F/T256D/N434Y IgG1-F51 8.1E-06 N434F/Y436H
IgG1-F52 3.1E-06 H433K/N434F/Y436H IgG1-F53 1.0E-06 I332V/N434W
IgG1-F54 8.4E-08 V308P/N434W IgG1-F56 9.4E-07 I332V/M428L/N434Y
[0256] Table 5-2 is a continuation of Table 5-1.
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 5-2 IgG1-F57 1.1E-05 G385D/Q386P/N389S
IgG1-F58 7.7E-07 G385D/Q386P/N389S/N434W IgG1-F59 2.4E-06
G385D/Q386P/N389S/N434Y IgG1-F60 1.1E-05 G385H IgG1-F61 9.7E-07
G385H/N434W IgG1-F62 1.9E-06 G385H/N434Y IgG1-F63 2.5E-06 N434F
IgG1-F64 5.3E-06 N434H IgG1-F65 2.9E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434F
IgG1-F66 4.3E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434H IgG1-F67 6.3E-07
M252Y/N434F IgG1-F68 9.3E-07 M252Y/N434H IgG1-F69 5.1E-07
M428L/N434W IgG1-F70 1.5E-06 M428L/N434Y IgG1-F71 8.3E-08
M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434W IgG1-F72 2.0E-07
M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434Y IgG1-F73 1.7E-07 M252Y/M428L/N434W
IgG1-F74 4.6E-07 M252Y/M428L/N434Y IgG1-F75 1.4E-06
M252Y/M428L/N434A IgG1-F76 1.0E-06 M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434A
IgG1-F77 9.9E-07 T256E/M428L/N434Y IgG1-F78 7.8E-07
S254T/M428L/N434W IgG1-F79 5.9E-06 S254T/T256E/N434A IgG1-F80
2.7E-06 M252Y/T256Q/N434A IgG1-F81 1.6E-06 M252Y/T256E/N434A
IgG1-F82 1.1E-06 T256Q/N434W IgG1-F83 2.6E-06 T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F84
2.8E-07 M252W/T256Q/N434W IgG1-F85 5.5E-07 M252W/T256Q/N434Y
IgG1-F86 1.5E-06 S254T/T256Q/N434W IgG1-F87 4.3E-06
S254T/T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F88 1.9E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256Q/N434W IgG1-F89
3.6E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F90 1.9E-08
M252Y/T256E/V308P/N434W IgG1-F91 4.8E-08 M252Y/V308P/M428L/N434Y
IgG1-F92 1.1E-08 M252Y/S254T/T256E/V308P/M428L/N434W IgG1-F93
7.4E-07 M252W/M428L/N434W IgG1-F94 3.7E-07 P257L/M428L/N434Y
IgG1-F95 2.6E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434F IgG1-F99 6.2E-07
M252Y/T256E/N434H
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 6-1 VARIANT NAME KD (M) AMINO ACID ALTERATION
IgG1 ND NONE IgG1-v1 3.2E-06 M252Y/S254T/T256E IgG1-v2 8.1E-07
N434W IgG1-F3 2.5E-06 N434Y IgG1-F4 5.8E-06 N434S IgG1-F5 6.8E-06
N434A IgG1-F7 5.6E-06 M252Y IgG1-F8 4.2E-06 M252W IgG1-F9 1.4E-07
M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434Y IgG1-F10 6.9E-08 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434W
IgG1-F11 3.1E-07 M252Y/N434Y IgG1-F12 1.7E-07 M252Y/N434W IgG1-F13
3.2E-07 M252W/N434Y IgG1-F14 1.8E-07 M252W/N434W IgG1-F19 4.6E-07
P257L/N434Y IgG1-F20 4.6E-07 V308F/N434Y IgG1-F21 3.0E-08
M252Y/V308P/N434Y IgG1-F22 2.0E-06 M428L/N434S IgG1-F25 9.2E-09
M252Y/S254T/T56E/V308P/N434W IgG1-F26 1.0E-06 I332V IgG1-F27
7.4E-06 G237M IgG1-F29 1.4E-06 I332V/N434Y IgG1-F31 2.8E-06
G237M/V308F IgG1-F32 8.0E-07 S254T/N434W IgG1-F33 2.3E-06
S254T/N434Y IgG1-F34 2.8E-07 T256E/N434W IgG1-F35 8.4E-07
T256E/N434Y IgG1-F36 3.6E-07 S254T/T256E/N434W IgG1-F37 1.1E-06
S254T/T256E/N434Y IgG1-F38 1.0E-07 M252Y/S254T/N434W IgG1-F39
3.0E-07 M252Y/S254T/N434Y IgG1-F40 8.2E-08 M252Y/T256E/N434W
IgG1-F41 1.5E-07 M252Y/T256E/N434Y IgG1-F42 1.0E-06
M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434A IgG1-F43 1.7E-06 M252Y/N434A IgG1-F44
1.1E-06 M252W/N434A IgG1-F47 2.4E-07 M252Y/T256Q/N434W IgG1-F48
3.2E-07 M252Y/T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F49 5.1E-07 M252F/T256D/N434W
IgG1-F50 1.2E-06 M252F/T256D/N434Y IgG1-F51 8.1E-06 N434F/Y436H
IgG1-F52 3.1E-06 H433K/N434F/Y436H IgG1-F53 1.0E-06 I332V/N434W
IgG1-F54 8.4E-08 V308P/N434W IgG1-F56 9.4E-07 I332V/M428L/N434Y
IgG1-F57 1.1E-05 G385D/Q386P/N389S IgG1-F58 7.7E-07
G385D/Q386P/N389S/N434W IgG1-F59 2.4E-06 G385D/Q386P/N389S/N434Y
IgG1-F60 1.1E-05 G385H IgG1-F61 9.7E-07 G385H/N434W IgG1-F62
1.9E-06 G385H/N434Y IgG1-F63 2.5E-06 N434F IgG1-F64 5.3E-06
N434H
[0257] Table 6-2 is a continuation of Table 6-1.
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 6-2 IgG1-F65 2.9E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434F
IgG1-F66 4.3E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434H IgG1-F67 6.3E-07
M252Y/N434F IgG1-F68 9.3E-07 M252Y/N434H IgG1-F69 5.1E-07
M428L/N434W IgG1-F70 1.5E-06 M428L/N434Y IgG1-F71 8.3E-08
M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434W IgG1-F72 2.0E-07
M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434Y IgG1-F73 1.7E-07 M252Y/M428L/N434W
IgG1-F74 4.6E-07 M252Y/M428L/N434Y IgG1-F75 1.4E-06
M252Y/M428L/N434A IgG1-F76 1.0E-06 M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434A
IgG1-F77 9.9E-07 T256E/M428L/N434Y IgG1-F78 7.8E-07
S254T/M428L/N434W IgG1-F79 5.9E-06 S254T/T256E/N434A IgG1-F80
2.7E-06 M252Y/T256Q/N434A IgG1-F81 1.6E-06 M252Y/T256E/N434A
IgG1-F82 1.1E-06 T256Q/N434W IgG1-F83 2.6E-06 T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F84
2.8E-07 M252W/T256Q/N434W IgG1-F85 5.5E-07 M252W/T256Q/N434Y
IgG1-F86 1.5E-06 S254T/T256Q/N434W IgG1-F87 4.3E-06
S254T/T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F88 1.9E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256Q/N434W IgG1-F89
3.6E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F90 1.9E-08
M252Y/T256E/V308P/N434W IgG1-F91 4.8E-08 M252Y/V308P/M428L/N434Y
IgG1-F92 1.1E-08 M252Y/S254T/T256E/V308P/M428L/N434W IgG1-F93
7.4E-07 M252W/M428L/N434W IgG1-F94 3.7E-07 P257L/M428L/N434Y
IgG1-F95 2.6E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434F IgG1-F99 6.2E-07
M252Y/T256E/N434H
[0258] Such amino acid alterations can be appropriately introduced
using known methods. For example, alterations in the Fc domain of
human natural IgG1 are described in Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Jan.
35(1): 86-94; Int Immunol. 2006 Dec. 18, (12): 1759-69; J Biol.
Chem. 2001 Mar. 2, 276(9): 6591-604; J Biol. Chem. (2007) 282(3):
1709-17; J. Immunol. (2002) 169(9): 5171-80; J. Immunol. (2009)
182(12): 7663-71; Molecular Cell, Vol. 7, 867-877, April, 2001;
Nat. Biotechnol. 1997 Jul. 15, (7): 637-40; Nat. Biotechnol. 2005
Oct. 23, (10): 1283-8; Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006 Dec. 5,
103(49): 18709-14; EP 2154157; US 20070141052; WO 2000/042072; WO
2002/060919; WO 2006/020114; WO 2006/031370; WO 2010/033279; WO
2006/053301; and WO 2009/086320.
[0259] According to the Journal of Immunology (2009) 182:
7663-7671, the human FcRn-binding activity of human natural IgG1 in
the acidic pH range (pH 6.0) is KD 1.7 .mu.M, and the activity is
almost undetectable in the neutral pH range. Thus, in a preferred
embodiment, the antigen-binding molecule to be used in the methods
of the present invention includes antigen-binding molecules whose
human FcRn-binding activity in the acidic pH range is KD 20 .mu.M
or stronger, and is identical to or stronger than that of human
natural IgG1 in the neutral pH range. In a more preferred
embodiment, the antigen-binding molecule includes antigen-binding
molecules whose human FcRn-binding activity is KD 2.0 .mu.M or
stronger in the acidic pH range and KD 40 .mu.M or stronger in the
neutral pH range. In a still more preferred embodiment, the
antigen-binding molecule includes antigen-binding molecules whose
human FcRn-binding activity is KD 0.5 .mu.M or stronger in the
acidic pH range and KD 15 .mu.M or stronger in the neutral pH
range. Specifically, it is preferred that the antigen-binding
activity is lower under an acidic pH condition than under a neutral
pH condition. The above KD values are determined by the method
described in the Journal of Immunology (2009) 182: 7663-7671 (by
immobilizing the antigen-binding molecule onto a chip and loading
human FcRn as an analyte).
[0260] Dissociation constant (KD) can be used as a value of human
FcRn-binding activity. However, human natural IgG1 has little human
FcRn-binding activity in the neutral pH range (pH 7.4), and
therefore it is difficult to calculate the activity as KD. Methods
for assessing whether the human FcRn-binding activity is higher
than that of human natural IgG1 at pH 7.4 include assessment
methods by comparing the intensities of Biacore response after
loading analytes at the same concentration. Specifically, when the
response after loading a human FcRn chip immobilized with an
antigen-binding molecule at pH 7.4 is stronger than the response
after loading human FcRn onto a chip immobilized with human natural
IgG1 at pH 7.4, the human FcRn-binding activity of the
antigen-binding molecule is judged to be higher than that of human
natural IgG1 at pH 7.4.
[0261] pH 7.0 can also be used as a neutral pH range. Using pH 7.0
as a neutral pH can facilitate weak interaction between human FcRn
and FcRn-binding domain. As a temperature employed in the assay
condition, a binding affinity may be assessed at any temperature
from 10.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. Preferably, a temperature at
from 15.degree. C. to 40.degree. C. is employed in order to
determine the binding affinity between human FcRn-binding domain
and human FcRn. More preferably, any temperature at from 20.degree.
C. to 35.degree. C., like any one of 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35.degree. C. is also employed
in order to determine the binding affinity between human
FcRn-binding domain and human FcRn. A temperature at 25.degree. C.
described in Example 5 is one of example for the embodiment of this
invention. In a preferred embodiment, an interaction between human
FcRn and FcRn-binding domain can be measured at pH 7.0 and at
25.degree. C. as described in Example 5. Binding affinity of
antigen-binding molecule to human FcRn can be measured by Biacore
as described in Example 3.
[0262] In a more preferred embodiment, the antigen-binding
molecules of the present invention have human FcRn-binding activity
at pH 7.0 and at 25.degree. C. which is stronger than natural human
IgG. In a more preferred embodiment, human FcRn-binding activity at
pH 7.0 and at 25.degree. C. is 28-fold stronger than natural human
IgG or stronger than KD 3.2 .mu.M. In a more preferred embodiment,
human FcRn-binding activity at pH 7.0 and at 25.degree. C. is
38-fold stronger than natural human IgG or stronger than KD 2.3
.mu.M.
[0263] A natural human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 is preferably used
as the intact human IgG for a purpose of a reference intact human
IgG to be compared with the antigen-binding molecules for their
human FcRn binding activity or in vivo binding activity.
Preferably, a reference antigen-binding molecule comprising the
same antigen-binding domain as an antigen-binding molecule of the
interest and natural human IgG Fc region as a human FcRn-binding
domain can be appropriately used. More preferably, a natural human
IgG1 is used for a purpose of a reference natural human IgG to be
compared with the antigen-binding molecules for their human FcRn
binding activity or in vivo binding activity.
[0264] More specifically, the antigen-binding molecules with long
term effect on activity for eliminating antigen in plasma described
in the present invention have human FcRn-binding activity at pH 7.0
and at 25.degree. C. within a range of 28-fold to 440-fold stronger
than natural human IgG1 or KD within a range of 3.0 .mu.M to 0.2
.mu.M. A long term plasma antigen concentration is determined by
measuring total or free antigen concentration in plasma and molar
antigen/antigen-binding molecule ratio at 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, 56, or
84 days after administration of an antigen-binding molecule in
order to evaluate the long term effect of the antigen-binding
molecule of the present invention on activity for eliminating
antigen in plasma. Whether the reduction of plasma antigen
concentration or molar antigen/antigen-binding molecule ratio is
achieved by antigen-binding molecule described in the present
invention can be determined by the evaluation of the reduction at
any one or more of the time points described above.
[0265] Still more specifically, the antigen-binding molecules with
short term effect on activity for eliminating antigen in plasma
described in the present invention have human FcRn-binding activity
at pH 7.0 and at 25.degree. C. 440-fold stronger than natural human
IgG or KD stronger than 0.2 .mu.M. A short term plasma antigen
concentration is determined by measuring total or free antigen
concentration in plasma and molar antigen/antigen-binding molecule
ratio at 15 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hours after administration
of an antigen-binding molecule in order to evaluate the short term
effect of the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention on
activity for eliminating antigen in plasma.
[0266] The methods of the present invention are applicable to any
antigen-binding molecules regardless of the type of target
antigen.
[0267] For example, when the antigen-binding molecule is an
antibody that binds to a membrane antigen, the antibody
administered into the body binds to the antigen and then is taken
up via internalization into endosomes in the cells together with
the antigen while the antibody is kept bound to the antigen. Then,
the antibody translocates to lysosomes while the antibody is kept
bound to the antigen, and the antibody is degraded by the lysosome
together with the antigen. The internalization-mediated elimination
from the plasma is called antigen-dependent elimination, and such
elimination has been reported with numerous antibody molecules
(Drug Discov Today. 2006 January; 11(1-2): 81-8). When a single
molecule of IgG antibody binds to antigens in a divalent manner,
the single antibody molecule is internalized while the antibody is
kept bound to the two antigen molecules, and degraded in the
lysosome. Accordingly, in the case of common antibodies, one
molecule of IgG antibody cannot bind to three or more molecules of
antigen. For example, a single IgG antibody molecule having a
neutralizing activity cannot neutralize three or more antigen
molecules.
[0268] The relatively prolonged retention (slow elimination) of IgG
molecules in the plasma is due to the function of human FcRn which
is known as a salvage receptor of IgG molecules. When taken up into
endosomes via pinocytosis, IgG molecules bind to human FcRn
expressed in the endosomes under the acidic condition in the
endosomes. While IgG molecules that did not bind to human FcRn
transfer to lysosomes where they are degraded, IgG molecules that
are bound to human FcRn translocate to the cell surface and return
again in the plasma by dissociating from human FcRn under the
neutral condition in the plasma.
[0269] Alternatively, when the antigen-binding molecule is an
antibody that binds to a soluble antigen, the antibody administered
into the body binds to the antigen and then is taken up into cells
while the antibody is kept bound to the antigen. Many antibodies
taken up into cells are released to the outside of the cell via
FcRn. However, since the antibodies are released to the outside of
the cell, with the antibodies kept bound to antigens, the
antibodies cannot bind to antigens again. Thus, similar to
antibodies that bind to membrane antigens, in the case of common
antibodies, one molecule of IgG antibody cannot bind to three or
more antigen molecules.
[0270] Calcium concentration-dependent antigen-binding antibodies
that strongly bind to an antigen under high calcium concentration
conditions in plasma but dissociate from the antigen under low
calcium concentration conditions in the endosome can dissociate
from the antigen in the endosome. Such calcium
concentration-dependent antigen-binding antibodies can bind to
antigens again when they are recycled to the plasma by FcRn after
antigen dissociation; thus, each antibody can repeatedly bind to a
number of antigens. Furthermore, the antigen bound to the
antigen-binding molecule is dissociated in the endosome and not
recycled to the plasma.
[0271] This facilitates the antigen-binding molecule-mediated
antigen uptake into cells. Thus, the administration of an
antigen-binding molecule can enhance the antigen elimination and
thereby reduces the plasma antigen concentration.
Antigen-Binding Molecules
[0272] The present invention provides antigen-binding molecules
having an antigen-binding domain and a human FcRn-binding domain,
wherein the antigen-binding activity of the antigen-binding
molecules is different under two different calcium concentration
conditions and is lower under a low calcium concentration condition
than under a high calcium concentration condition.
[0273] The antigen-binding molecules of the present invention are
not particularly limited, as long as they include an
antigen-binding domain having a binding activity specific to a
target antigen. Such preferred antigen-binding domains comprise,
for example, domains having an antigen-binding region of an
antibody. The antigen-binding region of an antibody comprises, for
example, CDRs and variable regions. When the antigen-binding region
of an antibody is CDR, it may contain all six CDRs from the whole
antibody, or one, two, or more CDRs. When CDRs are contained as a
binding region in an antibody, they may comprise amino acid
deletions, substitutions, additions, and/or insertions, or may be a
portion of a CDR.
[0274] On the other hand, antigen-binding molecules to be used in
the methods of the present invention include antigen-binding
molecules that have an antagonistic activity (antagonistic
antigen-binding molecules), antigen-binding molecules that have an
agonistic activity (agonistic antigen-binding molecule), and
molecules having cytotoxicity. In a preferred embodiment, the
antigen-binding molecules comprise antagonistic antigen-binding
molecules, in particular, antagonistic antigen-binding molecules
that recognize an antigen such as a receptor or cytokine.
[0275] In the present invention, the antigen-binding molecule of
interest is not particularly limited, and may be any
antigen-binding molecules. The antigen-binding molecule of the
present invention preferably has both an antigen-binding activity
(antigen-binding domain) and a human FcRn-binding domain. In
particular, a preferred antigen-binding molecule of the present
invention comprises a human FcRn-binding domain.
[0276] The antigen-binding molecule comprising both an
antigen-binding domain and a human FcRn-binding domain includes,
for example, antibodies. In the context of the present invention, a
preferred example of antibody includes IgG antibodies. When the
antibody to be used is an IgG antibody, the type of IgG is not
limited; and an IgG belonging to any isotype (subclass) such as
IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 can be used. Furthermore, the
antigen-binding molecules of the present invention may comprise an
antibody constant region, and amino acid mutations may be
introduced into the constant region. Amino acid mutations to be
introduced include, for example, those that potentiate or impair
the binding to Fc.gamma. receptor (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006
Mar. 14; 103(11): 4005-10), but are not limited to these examples.
Alternatively, it is also possible to alter the pH-dependent
binding by selecting an appropriate constant region such as that of
IgG2.
[0277] When the antigen-binding molecule of interest in the present
invention is an antibody, it may be an antibody derived from any
animal, such as a mouse antibody, human antibody, rat antibody,
rabbit antibody, goat antibody, or camel antibody. Furthermore, the
antibody may be an altered antibody, for example, a chimeric
antibody, and in particular, an altered antibody including amino
acid substitutions in the sequence of a humanized antibody, and
such. The antibodies also include bispecific antibodies, antibody
modification products linked with various molecules, and
polypeptides comprising antibody fragments.
[0278] "Chimeric antibodies" are antibodies prepared by combining
sequences derived from different animals. Specifically, the
chimeric antibody includes, for example, antibodies having heavy
and light chain variable (V) regions from a mouse antibody and
heavy and light chain constant (C) regions from a human
antibody.
[0279] "Humanized antibodies", also referred to as reshaped human
antibodies, are antibodies in which the complementarity determining
regions (CDRs) of an antibody derived from a nonhuman mammal, for
example, a mouse, are transplanted into the CDRs of a human
antibody. Methods for identifying CDRs are known (Kabat et al.,
Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest (1987), National
Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md.; Chothia et al., Nature (1989)
342: 877). General genetic recombination technologies suitable for
this purpose are also known (see European Patent Application EP
125023; and WO 96/02576).
[0280] A bispecific antibody refers to an antibody that has
variable regions in the same antibody molecule that recognize
different epitopes. A bispecific antibody may be an antibody that
recognizes two or more different antigens, or an antibody that
recognizes two or more different epitopes on a same antigen.
[0281] Furthermore, polypeptides comprising antibody fragments
include, for example, Fab fragments, F(ab')2 fragments, scFvs (Nat.
Biotechnol. 2005 September; 23(9): 1126-36), domain antibodies
(dAbs) (WO 2004/058821; WO 2003/002609), scFv-Fc (WO 2005/037989),
dAb-Fc, and Fc fusion proteins. The Fc region of a molecule
comprising Fc region can be used as a human FcRn-binding domain.
Alternatively, an FcRn-binding domain may be fused to these
molecules.
[0282] Further, antigen-binding molecules that are applicable to
the present invention may be antibody-like molecules. An
antibody-like molecule (scaffold molecule, peptide molecule) is a
molecule that can exhibit functions by binding to a target molecule
(Current Opinion in Biotechnology (2006) 17: 653-658; Current
Opinion in Biotechnology (2007) 18: 1-10; Current Opinion in
Structural Biology (1997) 7: 463-469; Protein Science (2006) 15:
14-27), and includes, for example, DARPins (WO 2002/020565),
Affibody (WO 1995/001937), Avimer (WO 2004/044011; WO 2005/040229),
and Adnectin (WO 2002/032925). These antibody-like molecules can
bind to target molecules in a calcium concentration-dependent
manner, facilitate antigen uptake into cells by antigen-binding
molecules, facilitate reduction of plasma antigen concentration by
administering antigen-binding molecules, and improve plasma
retention of antigen-binding molecules, and increase the number of
times of antigen binding by a single antigen-binding molecule.
[0283] Furthermore, the antigen-binding molecule may be a protein
resulting from fusion between a human FcRn-binding domain and a
receptor protein that binds to a target, and includes, for example,
TNFR-Fc fusion proteins, IL1R-Fc fusion proteins, VEGFR-Fc fusion
proteins, and CTLA4-Fc fusion proteins (Nat. Med. 2003, January;
9(1): 47-52; BioDrugs. (2006) 20(3): 151-60). If these fusion
proteins of receptor and human FcRn-binding domain bind to a target
molecule in a calcium concentration-dependent manner, it is
possible to facilitate antigen uptake into cells by antigen-binding
molecules, facilitate the reduction of plasma antigen concentration
by administering antigen-binding molecules, and improve plasma
retention of the antigen-binding molecules, and increase the number
of times of antigen binding by a single antigen-binding
molecule.
[0284] Moreover, the antigen-binding molecule may be a fusion
protein between an artificial ligand protein that binds to a target
and has a neutralizing effect and a human FcRn-binding domain; and
an artificial ligand protein includes, for example, mutant IL-6
(EMBO J. 1994 Dec. 15; 13(24): 5863-70). If such artificial ligand
fusion proteins can bind to target molecules in a calcium
concentration-dependent manner, it is possible to facilitate
antigen uptake into cells by antigen-binding molecules, facilitate
reduction of plasma antigen concentration by administering
antigen-binding molecules, improve plasma retention of
antigen-binding molecules, and increase the number of times of
antigen binding by a single antigen-binding molecule.
[0285] Furthermore, sugar chains may be modified in the antibodies
of the present invention. Antibodies with altered sugar chains
include, for example, antibodies with modified glycosylation (WO
99/54342 and such), antibodies that are deficient in sugar
chain-attached fucose (WO 00/61739; WO 02/31140; WO 2006/067847; WO
2006/067913), and antibodies having sugar chains with bisecting
GlcNAc (WO 02/79255).
[0286] Besides ionized calcium concentration, conditions used for
measuring antigen-binding activity can be appropriately selected by
those skilled in the art, and they are not particularly limited.
For example, the conditions of using HEPES buffer at 37.degree. C.
may be used to determine the activity. For example, Biacore (GE
Healthcare) or such can be used to determine the activity. When the
antigen is a soluble antigen, the activity of an antigen-binding
molecule to bind to the soluble antigen can be determined by
loading the antigen as an analyte onto a chip immobilized with the
antigen-binding molecule. Alternatively, when the antigen is a
membrane-type antigen, the activity of the antigen-binding molecule
to bind to the membrane-type antigen can be determined by loading
the antigen-binding molecule as an analyte onto an
antigen-immobilized chip.
[0287] In the antigen-binding molecules of the present invention,
the ratio of antigen-binding activity under a low calcium
concentration condition to that under a high calcium concentration
condition is not particularly limited as long as the
antigen-binding activity is lower under the low calcium
concentration condition than under the high calcium concentration
condition. However, the value of KD (Ca 3 .mu.M)/KD (Ca 2 mM),
which is a ratio of dissociation constant (KD) against an antigen
under a low calcium concentration condition to that under a high
calcium concentration condition, is preferably 2 or greater, more
preferably 10 or greater, and still more preferably 40 or greater.
The upper limit of the KD (Ca 3 .mu.M)/KD (Ca 2 mM) value is not
particularly limited, and may be any value, for example, 400,
1,000, or 10,000, as long as production is possible by using the
technologies of those skilled in the art.
[0288] When the antigen is a soluble antigen, the value of
antigen-binding activity can be presented in terms of the
dissociation constant (KD). On the other hand, when the antigen is
a membrane-type antigen, the activity can be presented in terms of
apparent dissociation constant (apparent KD). The dissociation
constant (KD) and apparent dissociation constant (apparent KD) can
be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art, for
example, using Biacore (GE Healthcare), Scatchard plot, flow
cytometer, or such.
[0289] In the antigen-binding molecules of the present invention,
other parameters that are representative of the ratio between the
antigen-binding activities under a low calcium concentration
condition and a high calcium concentration condition include, for
example, dissociation rate constant k.sub.d. When the dissociation
rate constant (k.sub.d) is used instead of the dissociation
constant (KD) as a parameter representative of the binding activity
ratio, the value of k.sub.d (under a low calcium concentration
condition)/k.sub.d (under a high calcium concentration condition),
which is a ratio between the k.sub.d (dissociation rate constant)
values against an antigen under a low calcium concentration
condition and a high calcium concentration condition, is preferably
2 or greater, more preferably 5 or greater, even more preferably 10
or greater, and still more preferably 30 or greater. The upper
limit of the k.sub.d (under the condition of low calcium
concentration)/k.sub.d (under condition of high calcium condition)
value is not particularly limited, and may be any value, for
example, 50, 100, or 200, as long as production is possible by
using the technologies of those skilled in the art.
[0290] When the antigen is a soluble antigen, the value of
antigen-binding activity can be presented using the dissociation
rate constant (k.sub.d). Alternatively, when the antigen is a
membrane-type antigen, the value can be presented in terms of
apparent k.sub.d (apparent dissociation rate constant). The
dissociation rate constant (k.sub.d) and apparent dissociation rate
constant (apparent k.sub.d) can be determined by methods known to
those skilled in the art, for example, using Biacore (GE
Healthcare), flow cytometer, or the like.
[0291] In the present invention, when measuring the antigen-binding
activity of an antigen-binding molecule at a different calcium
concentration, it is preferable to use the same conditions except
for the calcium concentration.
[0292] There is no particular limitation on the method for reducing
(weakening) the antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding
molecule under a low calcium concentration condition to be lower
than that under a high calcium concentration condition (method for
conferring a calcium concentration-dependent antigen-binding
activity) in order to obtain an antigen-binding molecule that has a
lower antigen-binding activity under a low calcium concentration
condition than under a high calcium concentration condition.
Antigen-binding molecules that have a lower (weaker)
antigen-binding activity under a low calcium concentration
condition than under a high calcium concentration condition
(antigen-binding molecules that show calcium
concentration-dependent binding) can be obtained directly, for
example, by screening an in vitro-displayed antibody library using
the above-mentioned calcium concentration-dependent binding to an
antigen as an indicator.
[0293] Other methods include methods for directly isolating an
antigen-binding molecule having the above-mentioned property. For
example, it is possible to directly obtain an antibody having a
property of interest by immunizing animals (mice, rats, hamsters,
rabbits, human immunoglobulin transgenic mice, human immunoglobulin
transgenic rats, human immunoglobulin transgenic rabbits, llamas,
camels, etc.) with an antigen, and screening the obtained
antibodies using the calcium concentration-dependent antigen
binding as an indicator. Alternatively, random mutations may be
introduced into the amino acid sequence of an antigen-binding
molecule, and the antigen-binding activity of the antigen-binding
molecule at different calcium concentration conditions is measured
by the above-mentioned method to select an antigen-binding molecule
that has a lower antigen-binding activity under a low calcium
concentration condition than under a high calcium concentration
condition in comparison to the antigen-binding molecule before
modification.
[0294] When the antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding
molecule under a low calcium concentration condition is reduced
(weakened) to be lower than that under a high calcium concentration
condition (the value of KD (under a low calcium concentration
condition)/KD (under a high calcium concentration condition) is
increased) by the above-mentioned method or such, the value of KD
(under a low calcium concentration condition)/KD (under a high
calcium concentration condition) is, without particular limitation,
typically twice or more, preferably five times or more, and more
preferably ten times or more in comparison to the original
antibody.
[0295] Furthermore, by using a method for conferring the calcium
concentration-dependent antigen-binding activity of the present
invention, in combination with a method of using an antigen-binding
molecule having human FcRn-binding activity at neutral pH or a
method of conferring or increasing the human FcRn-binding activity
at neutral pH, it is possible to enhance the function of promoting
antigen uptake into cells, function of increasing the number of
times of antigen-binding by one antigen-binding molecule, function
of promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration by
administering an antigen-binding molecule, or function of improving
the plasma retention of an antigen-binding molecule. The methods of
conferring or increasing the human FcRn-binding activity at neutral
pH include, for example, the above-described methods for modifying
amino acids in the human-FcRn-binding domain. Herein, "human
FcRn-binding activity at neutral pH" means the activity to bind to
human FcRn at pH 6.7 to 10.0. A preferable human FcRn-binding
activity is, for example, the human FcRn-binding activity at pH 7.0
to 8.0; and a more preferable human FcRn-binding activity is, for
example, the human FcRn-binding activity at pH 7.4.
[0296] Furthermore, by using a method for conferring the calcium
concentration-dependent antigen-binding activity of the present
invention, in combination with a method of using an antigen-binding
molecule having pH-dependent antigen-binding activity or a method
of conferring a pH-dependent antigen-binding activity, it is
possible to enhance the function of promoting antigen uptake into
cells, function of increasing the number of times of
antigen-binding by one antigen-binding molecule, function of
promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration by
administering an antigen-binding molecule, or function of improving
the plasma retention of an antigen-binding molecule. The methods of
conferring a pH-dependent antigen-binding activity include, for
example, methods described in WO 2009/125825.
[0297] Specifically, for example, a calcium concentration-dependent
antigen-binding molecule of the present invention can be used in
combination with a method for reducing (weakening) the
antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule at acidic
pH to be lower than that at neural pH. Herein, "reducing
(weakening) the antigen-binding activity at acidic pH to be lower
than the antigen-binding activity at neural pH" means reducing the
antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule at pH 4.0
to 6.5 to be lower than that at pH 6.7 to 10.0. It preferably means
weakening the antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding
molecule at pH 5.5 to 6.5 to be lower than that at pH 7.0 to 8.0,
and particularly preferably means weakening the antigen-binding
activity of an antigen-binding molecule at pH 5.8 to be lower than
that at pH 7.4. Herein, "acidic pH" typically refers to pH 4.0 to
6.5, preferably pH 5.5 to 6.5, and particularly preferably pH 5.8.
Meanwhile, herein "neutral pH" typically refers to pH 6.7 to 10.0,
preferably pH 7.0 to 8.0, and particularly preferably pH 7.4.
[0298] On the other hand, the phrase "reducing the antigen-binding
activity of an antigen-binding molecule at acidic pH to be lower
than that at neutral pH" is synonymous with "increasing the
antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule at neutral
pH to be greater than that at acidic pH". Specifically, in the
present invention, one may increase the difference between the
antigen-binding activities of an antigen-binding molecule at acidic
pH and neutral pH (for example, one may increase the value of KD
(pH5.8)/KD (pH7.4) as described below). The difference between the
antigen-binding activities of an antigen-binding molecule at acidic
pH and neutral pH may be increased, for example, by reducing the
antigen-binding activity at acidic pH, or increasing the
antigen-binding activity at neutral pH, or both.
[0299] In the present invention, the difference between the
antigen-binding activities at acidic pH and neutral pH is not
particularly limited as long as the antigen-binding activity is
lower at acidic pH than at neutral pH. However, the value of KD (pH
5.8)/KD (pH 7.4), which is a ratio between the dissociation
constants (KD) against an antigen at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4, is
preferably 2 or greater, more preferably 10 or greater, and still
more preferably 40 or greater. The upper limit of the KD (pH
5.8)/KD (pH 7.4) value is not particularly limited, and may be any
value, for example, 400, 1,000, or 10,000, as long as production is
possible by using the technologies of those skilled in the art.
[0300] In the present invention, other parameters that are
representative of the ratio between antigen-binding activities at
acidic pH and neutral pH include, for example, dissociation rate
constant k.sub.d. When the dissociation rate constant (k.sub.d) is
used instead of the dissociation constant (KD) as a parameter
representative of the binding activity ratio, the value of k.sub.d
(pH 5.8)/k.sub.d (pH 7.4), which is a ratio between the k.sub.d
(dissociation rate constant) values against an antigen at pH 5.7
and pH 7.4, is preferably 2 or greater, more preferably 5 or
greater, even more preferably 10 or greater, and still more
preferably 30 or greater. The upper limit of the k.sub.d (pH
5.8)/k.sub.d (pH 7.4) value is not particularly limited, and may be
any value, for example, 50, 100, or 200, as long as production is
possible by using the technologies of those skilled in the art.
[0301] The methods for conferring a pH-dependent antigen-binding
activity are not particularly limited. Such methods include, for
example, methods for weakening the antigen-binding activity at pH
5.8 to be lower than that at pH 7.4 by substituting at least one
amino acid in an antigen-binding molecule with histidine, or
inserting at least one histidine into an antigen-binding molecule.
It is already known that substitution of an amino acid in an
antibody with histidine can confer a pH-dependent antigen-binding
activity to the antibody (FEBS Letter, 309(1): 85-88, (1992)). In
the present invention, sites of histidine mutation (substitution)
or insertion in an antigen-binding molecule are not particularly
limited, and any site can be used as long as the antigen-binding
activity at pH 5.8 becomes weaker than that at pH 7.4 (the value of
KD (pH5.8)/KD (pH7.4) becomes greater) in comparison to before the
mutation or insertion. For example, when the antigen-binding
molecule is an antibody, such sites include an antibody variable
region. The number of histidine mutation or insertion sites
introduced (or made) can be appropriately determined by those
skilled in the art. Only one site may be substituted with
histidine, or histidine may be inserted at only one site.
Alternatively, two or more multiple sites may be substituted with
histidine, or histidine may be inserted at two or more multiple
sites. It is also possible to introduce a mutation besides
histidine mutation (mutation into an amino acid besides histidine)
at the same time. Furthermore, histidine mutation may be introduced
simultaneously with histidine insertion. It is possible to
substitute or insert histidine at random using a method such as
histidine scanning, which uses histidine instead of alanine in
alanine scanning known to those skilled in the art. Alternatively,
an antigen-binding molecule whose KD (pH 5.8)/KD (pH 7.4) is
increased compared to before mutation can be selected from a
library of antigen-binding molecules into which a random histidine
mutation or insertion has been introduced.
[0302] When at least one amino acid in an antigen-binding molecule
is substituted with histidine, or at least one histidine is
inserted into the amino acids of an antigen-binding molecule, while
there is no particular limitation, it is preferred that the
antigen-binding activity of the antigen-binding molecule at pH 7.4
after histidine substitution or insertion is comparable to that at
pH 7.4 before histidine substitution or insertion. Herein, the
phrase "the antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule
at pH 7.4 after histidine substitution or insertion is comparable
to that at pH 7.4 before histidine substitution or insertion" means
that the antigen-binding molecule after histidine substitution or
insertion retains 10% or more, preferably 50% or more, more
preferably 80% or more, and still more preferably 90% or more of
the antigen-binding activity before histidine substitution or
insertion. When the antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding
molecule is impaired by a histidine substitution or insertion, the
antigen-binding activity may be made to be comparable to that
before the histidine substitution or insertion by introducing one
or more amino acid substitutions, deletions, additions, and/or
insertions into the antigen-binding molecule. The present invention
also includes antigen-binding molecules having a comparable binding
activity made by one or more amino acid substitutions, deletions,
additions, and/or insertions after histidine substitution or
insertion.
[0303] Alternative methods for weakening the antigen-binding
activity of an antigen-binding molecule at pH 5.8 to be lower than
that at pH 7.4 include methods of substituting an amino acid in an
antigen-binding molecule with a non-natural amino acid, or
inserting a non-natural amino acid into the amino acids of an
antigen-binding molecule. It is known that pKa can be artificially
controlled using non-natural amino acids (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2005, 44, 34; Chem Soc Rev. 2004 Sep. 10; 33(7): 422-30; Amino
Acids. 1999; 16(3-4): 345-79). Thus, in the present invention,
non-natural amino acids can be used instead of histidine mentioned
above. Substitution and/or insertion of a non-natural amino acid
may be introduced simultaneously with the above-mentioned histidine
substitution and/or insertion. Any non-natural amino acids may be
used in the present invention. It is possible to use non-natural
amino acids or such known to those skilled in the art.
[0304] Furthermore, when the antigen-binding molecule is a
substance containing an antibody constant region, alternative
methods for weakening the antigen-binding activity of the
antigen-binding molecule at pH 5.8 to be lower than that at pH 7.4
include methods for modifying the antibody constant region
contained in the antigen-binding molecule. Examples of modifying an
antibody constant region include methods for substituting a
constant region described in WO 2009/125825.
[0305] Meanwhile, methods for altering an antibody constant region
include, for example, methods for assessing various constant region
isotypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) and selecting isotypes that
reduce the antigen-binding activity at pH 5.8 (increase the
dissociation rate at pH 5.8). Such methods also include methods for
reducing the antigen-binding activity at pH 5.8 (increasing the
dissociation rate at pH 5.8) by introducing amino acid
substitutions into the amino acid sequences of wild-type isotypes
(amino acid sequences of wild type IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4). The
sequence of hinge region in the antibody constant region is
considerably different among isotypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4),
and the difference in the hinge region amino acid sequence has a
great impact on the antigen-binding activity. Thus, it is possible
to select an appropriate isotype to reduce the antigen-binding
activity pH 5.8 (increase the dissociation rate at pH 5.8)
according to the type of antigen or epitope. Furthermore, since the
difference in the hinge region amino acid sequence has a great
impact on the antigen-binding activity, preferred amino acid
substitution sites in the amino acid sequences of wild-type
isotypes are assumed to be within the hinge region.
[0306] When the antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding
substance at pH 5.8 is weakened to be lower than that at pH 7.4
(when the value of KD (pH 5.8)/KD (pH 7.4) is increased) by the
above-described method and the like, it is generally preferable
that the KD (pH 5.8)/KD (pH 7.4) value is twice or more, preferably
five times or more, and more preferably ten times or more in
comparison to the original antibody, but it is not particularly
limited thereto.
Antigen-Binding Molecules
[0307] Furthermore, the present invention provides antigen-binding
molecules whose antigen-binding activity differs at two different
calcium concentration conditions; i.e., the antigen-binding
activity is lower under a low calcium concentration condition than
under a high calcium concentration condition. Preferably, the
present invention provides antigen-binding molecules that have a
lower antigen-binding activity under a low calcium concentration
condition (ionized calcium concentration of 0.1 .mu.M to 30 .mu.M)
than under a high calcium concentration condition (ionized calcium
concentration of 100 .mu.M to 10 mM). More specifically, the
antigen-binding molecules include antigen-binding molecules that
have a lower antigen-binding activity at the ionized calcium
concentration in the early endosome in vivo (a low calcium
concentration such as 1 .mu.M to 5 .mu.M) than at the ionized
calcium concentration in plasma in vivo (a high calcium
concentration such as 0.5 mM to 2.5 mM).
[0308] With respect to the antigen-binding activity of an
antigen-binding molecule of the present invention that has a lower
antigen-binding activity under a low calcium concentration
condition than under a high calcium concentration condition, there
is no limitation on the difference in antigen-binding activity as
long as the antigen-binding activity is lower under a low calcium
concentration condition than under a high calcium concentration
condition. It is even acceptable that the antigen-binding activity
of an antigen-binding molecule is only slightly lower under a low
calcium concentration condition.
[0309] In a preferred embodiment, for an antigen-binding molecule
of the present invention that has a lower antigen-binding activity
under a low calcium concentration condition than under a high
calcium concentration condition, the value of KD (low Ca)/KD (high
Ca), which is the KD ratio between low and high calcium
concentration conditions, is 2 or more, preferably the value of KD
(low Ca)/KD (high Ca) is 10 or more, and more preferably the value
of KD (low Ca)/KD (high Ca) is 40 or more. The upper limit of the
KD (low Ca)/KD (high Ca) value is not particularly limited, and may
be any value such as 400, 1,000, and 10,000 as long as it can be
produced by techniques known to those skilled in the art.
[0310] In another preferred embodiment, for an antigen-binding
molecule of the present invention that has a lower antigen-binding
activity under a low calcium concentration condition than under a
high calcium concentration condition, the value of k.sub.d (low
Ca)/k.sub.d (high Ca), which is a ratio between the k.sub.d values
for an antigen at a low calcium concentration condition and pH 7.4,
is 2 or more, preferably the value of k.sub.d (low Ca)/k.sub.d
(high Ca) is 5 or more, more preferably the value of k.sub.d (low
Ca)/k.sub.d (high Ca) is 10 or more, and still more preferably the
value of k.sub.d (low Ca)/k.sub.d (high Ca) is 30 or more. The
upper limit of the k.sub.d (low Ca)/k.sub.d (high Ca) value is not
particularly limited, and may be any value such as 50, 100, and 200
as long as it can be produced by techniques known to those skilled
in the art.
[0311] An antigen-binding molecule of the present invention may
additionally have the above-mentioned human FcRn-binding activity
under a neutral pH condition. By using the human FcRn-binding
activity under a neutral pH condition in combination with a calcium
concentration-dependent antigen-binding activity, it is possible to
enhance the function of promoting antigen uptake into cells,
function of increasing the number of times of antigen binding by
one antigen-binding molecule, function of promoting the reduction
of plasma antigen concentration by administering an antigen-binding
molecule, or function of improving the plasma retention of an
antigen-binding molecule.
[0312] An antigen-binding molecule of the present invention may
additionally have the above-mentioned pH-dependent antigen-binding
activity, i.e., a lower antigen-binding activity under an acidic pH
condition than under a neutral pH condition. By using the
pH-dependent antigen-binding activity in combination with a calcium
concentration-dependent antigen-binding activity, it is possible to
enhance the function of promoting antigen uptake into cells,
function of increasing the number of times of antigen binding by
one antigen-binding molecule, function of promoting the reduction
of plasma antigen concentration by administering an antigen-binding
molecule, or function of improving the plasma retention of an
antigen-binding molecule.
[0313] Furthermore, an antigen-binding molecule of the present
invention may have any other property as long as it has a lower
antigen-binding activity under a low calcium concentration
condition than under a high calcium concentration condition. For
example, the antigen-binding molecule may be an agonistic
antigen-binding molecule or antagonistic antigen-binding molecule.
Preferred antigen-binding molecules of the present invention
include, for example, antagonistic antigen-binding molecules. Such
antagonistic antigen-binding molecule is typically an
antigen-binding molecule that inhibits receptor-mediated
intracellular signal transduction by inhibiting the binding between
a ligand (agonist) and its receptor.
[0314] Furthermore, an antigen-binding molecule to which the
pH-dependent antigen-binding activity is conferred may have a
substitution of histidine for at least one amino acid, or an
insertion of at least one histidine.
[0315] Meanwhile, there is no particular limitation on the antigen
to which an antigen-binding molecule of the present invention
binds, and the antigen-binding molecule may bind to any antigen.
Such antigens include, for example, membrane antigens such as
receptor proteins (membrane-type receptors and soluble receptors)
and cell surface markers, and soluble antigens such as cytokines.
Specific examples of other antigens are described above.
Screening Methods
[0316] The present invention provides methods of screening for an
antigen-binding molecule that has a lower antigen-binding activity
under a low calcium concentration condition than under a high
calcium concentration condition. The present invention also
provides methods of screening for an antigen-binding molecule
having at least one function selected from:
(i) function of promoting uptake of an antigen into cells; (ii)
function of binding to an antigen two or more times; (iii) function
of promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration; and
(iv) function of excellence in plasma retention.
[0317] Specifically, the present invention provides methods of
screening for an antigen-binding molecule, which comprises the
steps of (a) to (c) below:
(a) determining the antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding
molecule under a low calcium concentration condition; (b)
determining the antigen-binding activity of the antigen-binding
molecule under a high calcium concentration condition; and (c)
selecting an antigen-binding molecule that has a lower
antigen-binding activity under a low calcium concentration
condition than under a high calcium concentration condition.
[0318] The present invention also provides methods of screening for
an antigen-binding molecule, which comprises the steps of (a) to
(c) below:
(a) contacting an antigen with an antigen-binding molecule or a
library of antigen-binding molecules under a high calcium
concentration condition; (b) placing an antigen-binding molecule
that binds to the antigen in step (a) under a low calcium
concentration condition; and (c) obtaining an antigen-binding
molecule that dissociates in step (b).
[0319] The present invention also provides methods of screening for
an antigen-binding molecule, which comprises the steps of (a) to
(d) below:
(a) contacting an antigen with an antigen-binding molecule or a
library of antigen-binding molecules under a low calcium
concentration condition; (b) selecting an antigen-binding molecule
that does not bind to the antigen in step (a); (c) allowing the
antigen-binding molecule selected in step (b) to bind to the
antigen under a high calcium concentration condition; and (d)
obtaining an antigen-binding molecule that binds to the antigen in
step (c).
[0320] The present invention also provides methods of screening for
an antigen-binding molecule, which comprises the steps of (a) to
(c) below:
(a) contacting an antigen-binding molecule or a library of
antigen-binding molecules with an antigen-immobilized column under
a high calcium concentration condition; (b) eluting an
antigen-binding molecule that binds to the column in step (a) from
the column under a low calcium concentration condition; and (c)
obtaining the antigen-binding molecule eluted in step (b).
[0321] The present invention also provides methods of screening for
an antigen-binding molecule, which comprises the steps of (a) to
(d) below:
(a) allowing an antigen-binding molecule or a library of
antigen-binding molecules to pass through an antigen-immobilized
column under a low calcium concentration condition; (b) collecting
an antigen-binding molecule eluted without binding to the column in
step (a); (c) allowing the antigen-binding molecule collected in
step (b) to bind to the antigen under a high calcium concentration
condition; and (d) obtaining an antigen-binding molecule that binds
to the antigen in step (c).
[0322] The present invention also provides methods of screening for
an antigen-binding molecule, which comprises the steps of (a) to
(d) below:
(a) contacting an antigen with an antigen-binding molecule or a
library of antigen-binding molecules under a high calcium
concentration condition; (b) obtaining an antigen-binding molecule
that binds to the antigen in step (a); (c) placing the
antigen-binding molecule obtained in step (b) under a low calcium
concentration condition; and (d) obtaining an antigen-binding
molecule whose antigen-binding activity in step (c) is lower than
the standard selected in step (b).
[0323] The above steps may be repeated two or more times. Thus, the
present invention provides screening methods that further comprise
the step of repeating the steps of (a) to (c), or (a) to (d) two or
more times in the above-mentioned screening methods. The number of
times steps (a) to (c) or (a) to (d) are repeated is not
particularly limited, and it is generally ten or less.
[0324] In the screening methods of the present invention, the
antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule under a low
calcium concentration condition is not particularly limited, as
long as it is an antigen-binding activity at an ionized calcium
concentration of 0.1 .mu.M to 30 .mu.M. Preferably, the
antigen-binding activity includes antigen-binding activities at an
ionized calcium concentration of 0.5 .mu.M to 10 .mu.M. More
preferable ionized calcium concentrations include ionized calcium
concentrations in the early endosome in vivo. Specifically, the
antigen-binding activity includes activities at 1 .mu.M to 5 .mu.M.
Meanwhile, the antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding
molecule under a high calcium concentration condition is not
particularly limited, as long as it is an antigen-binding activity
at an ionized calcium concentration of 100 .mu.M to 10 mM.
Preferably, the antigen-binding activity includes antigen-binding
activities at an ionized calcium concentration of 200 .mu.M to 5
mM. More preferred ionized calcium concentrations include ionized
calcium concentrations in plasma in vivo. Specifically, the
antigen-binding activity includes activities at 0.5 mM to 2.5
mM.
[0325] The antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule
can be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art.
Appropriate conditions besides ionized calcium concentration can be
selected by those skilled in the art. The antigen-binding activity
of an antigen-binding molecule can be assessed by using KD
(dissociation constant), apparent KD (apparent dissociation
constant), dissociation rate k.sub.d (dissociation rate), apparent
k.sub.d (apparent dissociation: apparent dissociation rate), or
such. They can be determined by methods known to those skilled in
the art, for example, using Biacore (GE Healthcare), Scatchard
plot, FACS, or such.
[0326] In the present invention, the step of selecting an
antigen-binding molecule that has a greater antigen-binding
activity under a high calcium concentration condition than under a
low calcium concentration is synonymous with the step of selecting
an antigen-binding molecule that has a lower antigen-binding
activity under a low calcium concentration condition than under a
high calcium concentration condition.
[0327] The difference between the antigen binding activity under a
high calcium concentration condition and that under a low calcium
concentration condition is not particularly limited, as long as the
antigen-binding activity is greater under a high calcium
concentration condition than under a low calcium concentration
condition. However, the antigen-binding activity under a high
calcium concentration condition is preferably twice or more, more
preferably 10 times or more, and still more preferably 40 times or
more of the antigen-binding activity under a low calcium
concentration condition.
[0328] Antigen-binding molecules to be screened by the screening
method of the present invention may be any antigen-binding
molecules. For example, the above-described antigen-binding
molecules can be screened. For example, it is possible to screen
for antigen-binding molecules having a natural sequence or
antigen-binding molecules having an amino acid sequence with a
substitution.
[0329] Antigen-binding molecules to be screened by the screening
method of the present invention may be prepared by any methods. It
is possible to use, for example, pre-existing antibodies,
pre-existing libraries (phage libraries, and such), and antibodies
and libraries prepared from B cells of immunized animals or
hybridomas prepared by immunizing animals, antibodies or libraries
obtained by introducing amino acids capable of chelating calcium
(for example, aspartic acid or glutamic acid) or non-natural amino
acid mutations into such antibodies or libraries (libraries with
high content of non-natural amino acids or amino acids capable of
chelating calcium (for example, aspartic acid or glutamic acid),
libraries introduced with non-natural amino acid mutations or
mutations with amino acids capable of chelating calcium (for
example, aspartic acid or glutamic acid) at specific sites, or
such), or such.
An antigen-binding molecule having at least one function selected
from: (i) function of promoting antigen uptake into cells, (ii)
function of binding to an antigen two or more times, (iii) function
to promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration, and
(iv) function of excellence in plasma retention, can be obtained by
the screening methods of the present invention when administered to
animals such as humans, mice, and monkeys. Thus, the screening
methods of the present invention can be used as a screening method
to obtain an antigen-binding molecule having at least one of the
above-described functions.
[0330] Furthermore, such antigen-binding molecules obtained by the
screening methods of the present invention are expected to be
especially superior as pharmaceuticals, because the dose and
frequency of administration in patients can be reduced, and as a
result the total dosage can be reduced. Thus, the screening methods
of the present invention can be used as methods of screening for
antigen-binding molecules for use as pharmaceutical
compositions.
Methods for Producing Antigen-Binding Molecules
[0331] The present invention provides methods of producing an
antigen-binding molecule that has a lower antigen-binding activity
under a low calcium concentration condition than under a high
calcium concentration condition. The present invention also
provides methods of producing an antigen-binding molecule having at
least one function selected from:
(i) function of promoting antigen uptake into cells, (ii) function
of binding to an antigen two or more times, (iii) function of
promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration, and (iv)
function of excellence in plasma retention.
[0332] Specifically, the present invention provides methods of
producing an antigen-binding molecule, which comprise the steps of
(a) to (e) below:
(a) determining the antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding
molecule under a low calcium concentration condition; (b)
determining the antigen-binding activity of the antigen-binding
molecule under a high calcium concentration condition; (c)
selecting an antigen-binding molecule that has a lower
antigen-binding activity under the low calcium concentration
condition than under the high calcium concentration condition; (d)
obtaining a gene encoding the antigen-binding molecule selected in
step (c); and (e) producing the antigen-binding molecule using the
gene obtained in step (d).
[0333] The present invention also provides methods of producing an
antigen-binding molecule, which comprise the steps of (a) to (e)
below:
(a) contacting an antigen with an antigen-binding molecule or a
library of antigen-binding molecules under a high calcium
concentration condition; (b) placing the antigen-binding molecule
bound to the antigen in step (a) under a low calcium concentration
condition; (c) obtaining an antigen-binding molecule that
dissociates in step (b); (d) obtaining a gene encoding the
antigen-binding molecule obtained in step (c); and (e) producing
the antigen-binding molecule using the gene isolated in step
(d).
[0334] Steps (a) to (d) may be repeated two or more times. Thus,
the present invention provides methods that further comprise the
step of repeating steps (a) to (d) two or more times in the
above-described methods. The number of times steps (a) to (d) are
repeated is not particularly limited, and it is generally ten or
less.
[0335] Furthermore, the present invention provides methods of
producing an antigen-binding molecule, which comprise the steps of
(a) to (f) below:
(a) contacting an antigen with an antigen-binding molecule or a
library of antigen-binding molecules under a low calcium
concentration condition; (b) selecting an antigen-binding molecule
that does not bind to the antigen in step (a); (c) contacting the
antigen with the antigen-binding molecule selected in step (b)
under a high calcium concentration condition; (d) obtaining an
antigen-binding molecule that binds to the antigen in step (c); (e)
obtaining a gene encoding the antigen-binding molecule obtained in
step (d); and (f) producing the antigen-binding molecule using the
gene obtained in step (e).
[0336] Steps (a) to (e) may be repeated two or more times. Thus,
the present invention provides methods that further comprise the
step of repeating steps (a) to (e) two or more times in the
above-described methods. The number of times steps (a) to (e) are
repeated is not particularly limited, and it is generally ten or
less.
[0337] The present invention also provides methods of producing an
antigen-binding molecule, which comprise the steps of (a) to (e)
below:
(a) contacting an antigen-binding molecule or a library of
antigen-binding molecules with an antigen-immobilized column under
a high calcium concentration condition; (b) eluting an
antigen-binding molecule bound to the column in step (a) from the
column under a low calcium concentration condition; (c) obtaining
the antigen-binding molecule eluted in step (b); (d) obtaining a
gene encoding the antigen-binding molecule obtained in step (c);
and (e) producing the antigen-binding molecule using the gene
obtained in step (e).
[0338] Steps (a) to (d) may be repeated two or more times. Thus,
the present invention provides methods that further comprise the
step of repeating steps (a) to (d) two or more times in the
above-described methods. The number of times steps (a) to (d) are
repeated is not particularly limited, and it is generally ten or
less.
[0339] The present invention also provides methods of producing an
antigen-binding molecule, which comprise the steps of (a) to (f)
below:
(a) allowing an antigen-binding molecule or a library of
antigen-binding molecules to pass through an antigen-immobilized
column under a low calcium concentration condition; (b) collecting
an antigen-binding molecule eluted without binding to the column in
step (a); (c) allowing the antigen-binding molecule collected in
(b) to bind to the antigen under a high calcium concentration
condition; (d) obtaining an antigen-binding molecule that binds to
the antigen in step (c); (e) obtaining a gene encoding the
antigen-binding molecule obtained in step (d); and (f) producing an
antigen-binding molecule using the gene obtained in step (e).
[0340] Steps (a) to (e) may be repeated two or more times. Thus,
the present invention provides methods that further comprise the
step of repeating steps (a) to (e) two or more times in the
above-described methods. The number of times steps (a) to (e) are
repeated is not particularly limited, and it is generally ten or
less.
[0341] The present invention also provides methods of producing an
antigen-binding molecule, which comprise the steps of (a) to (f)
below:
(a) contacting an antigen with an antigen-binding molecule or a
library of antigen-binding molecules under a high calcium
concentration condition; (b) obtaining an antigen-binding molecule
that binds to the antigen in step (a); (c) placing the
antigen-binding molecule obtained in step (b) under a low calcium
concentration condition; (d) obtaining an antigen-binding molecule
that has lower antigen-binding activity in step (c) than the
standard selected in step (b); (e) obtaining a gene encoding the
antigen-binding molecule obtained in step (d); and (f) producing
the antigen-binding molecule using the gene obtained in step
(e).
[0342] Steps (a) to (e) may be repeated two or more times. Thus,
the present invention provides methods that further comprise the
step of repeating steps (a) to (e) two or more times in the
above-described methods. The number of times steps (a) to (e) are
repeated is not particularly limited, and it is generally ten or
less.
[0343] Antigen-binding molecules used in production methods of the
present invention may be prepared by any method, and include, for
example, existing antibodies and libraries (phage libraries, etc.),
antibodies and libraries that are prepared from hybridomas obtained
by immunizing animals or from B cells of immunized animals,
antibodies and libraries prepared by introducing amino acids
capable of chelating calcium (for example, aspartic acid and
glutamic acid) or non-natural amino acid mutations into libraries
(libraries with increased content of amino acids capable of
chelating calcium (for example, aspartic acid and glutamic acid) or
non-natural amino acids, libraries introduced with amino acids
capable of chelating calcium (for example, aspartic acid and
glutamic acid) or non-natural amino acid mutations at specific
sites, or such).
[0344] In the above-described production methods, the
antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule under a low
calcium concentration condition is not particularly limited, as
long as it is an antigen-binding activity at an ionized calcium
concentration of 0.1 .mu.M to 30 .mu.M. Preferably, the
antigen-binding activity includes an antigen-binding activity at an
ionized calcium concentration of 0.5 .mu.M to 10 .mu.M. More
preferred ionized calcium concentrations include the ionized
calcium concentration in the early endosome in vivo. Specifically,
the antigen-binding activity includes antigen-binding activities at
1 .mu.M to 5 .mu.M. Meanwhile, the antigen-binding activity of an
antigen-binding molecule under a high calcium concentration
condition is not particularly limited, as long as it is an
antigen-binding activity at an ionized calcium concentration of 100
.mu.M to 10 mM. Preferably, the antigen-binding activity includes
antigen-binding activities at an ionized calcium concentration of
200 .mu.M to 5 mM. More preferred ionized calcium concentrations
include the ionized calcium concentration in plasma in vivo.
Specifically, the antigen-binding activity includes antigen-binding
activities at 0.5 mM to 2.5 mM.
[0345] The antigen-binding activity of an antigen-binding molecule
can be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art.
Appropriate conditions other than the ionized calcium concentration
may be determined by those skilled in the art.
[0346] The step of selecting an antigen-binding molecule that has
greater antigen-binding activity under a high calcium concentration
condition than under a low calcium concentration condition is
synonymous with the step of selecting an antigen-binding molecule
that has greater antigen-binding activity under a low calcium
concentration condition than under a high calcium concentration
condition.
[0347] The difference between the antigen binding activity under a
high calcium concentration condition and that under a low calcium
concentration condition is not particularly limited, as long as the
antigen-binding activity is greater under a high calcium
concentration condition than under a low calcium concentration
condition. The antigen-binding activity under a high calcium
concentration condition is preferably twice or more, more
preferably 10 times or more, and still more preferably 40 times or
more of the antigen-binding activity under a low calcium
concentration condition.
[0348] In the production methods described above, the binding of an
antigen and an antigen-binding molecule may be carried out in any
state, and the state is not particularly limited. For example, the
binding of an antigen and an antigen-binding molecule may be
carried out by contacting an antigen with an immobilized
antigen-binding molecule, or by contacting an antigen-binding
molecule with an immobilized antigen. Alternatively, the binding
can be carried out by contacting an antigen with an antigen-binding
molecule in a solution.
[0349] Furthermore, the production method of the present invention
may be used for an above-described antigen-binding molecule having
the human FcRn-binding activity at neutral pH, or may be combined
with a method of conferring or increasing the human FcRn-binding
activity at neutral pH. When the production method of the present
invention is combined with a method of conferring or increasing the
human FcRn-binding activity at neutral pH, the method may
additionally comprise the step of altering amino acids in the
antigen-binding molecule to confer or increase the human
FcRn-binding activity under a neutral pH condition. Meanwhile, the
preferred human FcRn-binding domain of an antigen-binding molecule
having the human FcRn-binding activity at neutral pH includes, for
example, the above-described human FcRn-binding domains having the
human FcRn-binding activity at neutral pH. Thus, the production
methods of the present invention may additionally comprise the step
of selecting in advance an antigen-binding molecule having a
human-FcRn-binding domain with greater human FcRn-binding activity
at neutral pH and/or altering amino acids in an antigen-binding
molecule to confer or increase the human FcRn-binding activity at
neutral pH.
[0350] Furthermore, the production method of the present invention
may be used for an antigen-binding molecule having the
above-described pH-dependent antigen-binding activity, or may be
combined with a method of conferring pH-dependent antigen-binding
activity (WO 2009/125825). When the production method of the
present invention is combined with a method of conferring
pH-dependent antigen-binding activity, the method may additionally
comprise the step of selecting in advance an antigen-binding
molecule that has a lower antigen-binding activity under an acidic
pH condition than under a neutral pH condition, and/or altering
amino acids in an antigen-binding molecule to reduce the
antigen-binding activity under an acidic pH condition to be lower
than that under a neutral pH condition.
[0351] Preferred antigen-binding molecules having a pH-dependent
antigen-binding activity include, for example, antigen-binding
molecules in which at least one amino acid of an antigen binding
molecule is substituted with histidine or at least one histidine is
inserted into an antigen-binding molecule. Thus, the production
method of the present invention may additionally comprise the step
of using an antigen-binding molecule in which at least one amino
acid is substituted with histidine or at least one histidine is
inserted as an antigen-binding molecule, or the step of
substituting histidine for at least one amino acid or inserting at
least one histidine into an antigen-binding molecule.
[0352] In the production method of the present invention,
non-natural amino acids may be used instead of histidine. Thus, the
present invention can be understood with non-natural amino acids in
place of histidine described above.
[0353] The production methods of the present invention can produce
antigen-binding molecules having at least one function selected
from:
(i) function of promoting antigen uptake into cells, (ii) function
of binding to an antigen two or more times, (iii) function of
promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration, and (iv)
function of excellence in plasma retention, when administered to
animals such as humans, mice, and monkeys. Thus, the production
method of the present invention may be used as a method of
producing an antigen-binding molecule having at least one of the
above-described functions.
[0354] Furthermore, such antigen binding molecules are expected to
be especially superior as pharmaceuticals, because the dose and
frequency of administration in patients can be reduced and as a
result the total dosage can be reduced. Thus, the production
methods of the present invention can be used as methods for
producing antigen-binding molecules for use as pharmaceutical
compositions.
[0355] Genes obtained by the production methods of the present
invention are typically carried by (inserted into) appropriate
vectors, and then introduced into host cells. The vectors are not
particularly limited as long as they stably retain the inserted
nucleic acids. For example, when E. coli is used as the host,
preferred cloning vectors include the pBluescript vector
(Stratagene); however, various commercially available vectors may
be used. When using vectors to produce the antigen-binding
molecules of the present invention, expression vectors are
particularly useful. The expression vectors are not particularly
limited as long as the vectors express the antigen-binding
molecules in vitro, in E. coli, in culture cells, or in the body of
an organism. For example, the pBEST vector (Promega) is preferred
for in vitro expression; the pET vector (Invitrogen) is preferred
for E. coli; the pME18S-FL3 vector (GenBank Accession No. AB009864)
is preferred for culture cells; and the pME18S vector (Mol Cell
Biol. (1988) .delta.: 466-472) is preferred for bodies of
organisms. DNAs of the present invention can be inserted into the
vectors by conventional methods, for example, by ligation using
restriction enzyme sites (Current protocols in Molecular Biology,
edit. Ausubel et al., (1987) Publish. John Wiley & Sons,
Section 11.4-11.11).
[0356] The above host cells are not particularly limited, and
various host cells may be used depending on the purpose. Examples
of cells for expressing the antigen-binding molecules include
bacterial cells (such as those of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, E.
coli, Streptomyces, and Bacillus subtilis), eukaryotic cells (such
as those of yeast and Aspergillus), insect cells (such as
Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera SF9), animal cells (such as CHO, COS,
HeLa, C127, 3T3, BHK, HEK293, and Bowes melanoma cells), and plant
cells. Vectors can be introduced into a host cell by known methods,
for example, calcium phosphate precipitation methods,
electroporation methods (Current protocols in Molecular Biology
edit. Ausubel et al. (1987) Publish. John Wiley & Sons, Section
9.1-9.9), lipofection methods, and microinjection methods.
[0357] The host cells can be cultured by known methods. For
example, when using animal cells as a host, DMEM, MEM, RPMI1640, or
IMDM may be used as the culture medium. They may be used with serum
supplements such as FBS or fetal calf serum (FCS). The cells may be
cultured in serum-free cultures. The preferred pH is about 6 to 8
during the course of culturing. Incubation is carried out typically
at about 30 to 40.degree. C. for about 15 to 200 hours. Medium is
exchanged, aerated, or agitated, as necessary.
[0358] Appropriate secretion signals may be incorporated to
polypeptides of interest so that the antigen-binding molecules
expressed in the host cell are secreted into the lumen of the
endoplasmic reticulum, periplasmic space, or extracellular
environment. These signals may be endogenous to the antigen-binding
molecules of interest or may be heterologous signals.
[0359] On the other hand, for example, production systems using
animals or plants may be used as systems for producing polypeptides
in vivo. A polynucleotide of interest is introduced into an animal
or plant and the polypeptide is produced in the body of the animal
or plant, and then collected. The "hosts" of the present invention
include such animals and plants.
[0360] The production system using animals include those using
mammals or insects. It is possible to use mammals such as goats,
pigs, sheep, mice, and bovines (Vicki Glaser SPECTRUM Biotechnology
Applications (1993)). The mammals may be transgenic animals.
[0361] For example, a polynucleotide encoding an antigen-binding
molecule of the present invention is prepared as a fusion gene with
a gene encoding a polypeptide specifically produced in milk, such
as the goat .beta. casein. Next, goat embryos are injected with
polynucleotide fragments containing the fusion gene, and then
transplanted to female goats. Desired antigen-binding molecules can
be obtained from milk produced by the transgenic goats, which are
born from the goats that received the embryos, or from their
offspring. Hormones may be administered as appropriate to increase
the volume of milk containing the antigen-binding molecule produced
by the transgenic goats (Ebert et al., Bio/Technology (1994) 12:
699-702).
[0362] Insects such as silkworms may be used to produce the
antigen-binding molecules of the present invention. When silkworms
are used, baculoviruses carrying a polynucleotide encoding an
antigen-binding molecule of interest can be used to infect
silkworms, and the antigen-binding molecule of interest can be
obtained from their body fluids.
[0363] Furthermore, when plants are used to produce the
antigen-binding molecules of the present invention, for example,
tobacco may be used. When tobacco is used, a polynucleotide
encoding an antigen-binding molecule of interest is inserted into a
plant expression vector, for example, pMON 530, and then the vector
is introduced into bacteria, such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The
bacteria are then allowed to infect tobacco such as Nicotiana
tabacum, and the desired antigen-binding molecules can be collected
from their leaves (Ma et al., Eur. J. Immunol. (1994) 24: 131-138).
Alternatively, it is possible to infect duckweed (Lemna minor) with
similar bacteria. After cloning, the desired antigen-binding
molecules can be obtained from the duckweed cells (Cox K M et al.,
Nat. Biotechnol. 2006 December; 24(12): 1591-1597).
[0364] The thus obtained antigen-binding molecules may be isolated
from the inside or outside (such as the medium and milk) of host
cells, and purified as substantially pure and homogenous
antigen-binding molecules. The methods for isolating and purifying
antigen-binding molecules are not particularly limited, and
isolation and purification methods usually used for polypeptide
purification can be used. Antigen-binding molecules may be isolated
and purified by appropriately selecting and combining, for example,
chromatographic columns, filtration, ultrafiltration, salting out,
solvent precipitation, solvent extraction, distillation,
immunoprecipitation, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
isoelectric focusing, dialysis, and recrystallization.
[0365] Chromatography includes, for example, affinity
chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic
chromatography, gel filtration, reverse-phase chromatography, and
adsorption chromatography (Strategies for Protein Purification and
Characterization: A Laboratory Course Manual. Ed Daniel R. Marshak
et al., (1996) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press). Such
chromatographic methods can be conducted using liquid phase
chromatography such as HPLC and FPLC. Columns used for affinity
chromatography include, protein A columns and protein G columns.
Columns using protein A include, for example, Hyper D, POROS, and
Sepharose F. F. (Pharmacia).
[0366] If needed, an antigen-binding molecule can be modified
arbitrarily, and peptides can be partially deleted by allowing an
appropriate protein modification enzyme to act before or after
purification of the antigen-binding molecule. Such protein
modification enzymes include, for example, trypsin, chymotrypsin,
lysyl endopeptidases, protein kinases, and glucosidases.
<Pharmaceutical Compositions>
[0367] The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical
compositions that include antigen-binding molecules of the present
invention, antigen-binding molecules isolated by the screening
methods of the present invention, or antigen-binding molecules
produced by the production methods of the present invention.
Antigen-binding molecules of the present invention, antigen-binding
molecules isolated by the screening method of the present
invention, or antigen-binding molecules produced by the production
method of the present invention are antigen-binding molecules
having at least one function selected from:
(i) function of promoting antigen uptake into cells, (ii) function
of binding to an antigen two or more times, (iii) function of
promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration, and (iv)
function of excellence in plasma retention, are useful as
pharmaceutical compositions, because it is expected that the
administration frequency can be reduced. Furthermore, the
pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may comprise a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0368] In the present invention, pharmaceutical compositions
generally refer to agents for treating or preventing, or testing
and diagnosing diseases.
[0369] The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can
be formulated by methods known to those skilled in the art. For
example, they can be used parenterally, in the form of injections
of sterile solutions or suspensions including water or other
pharmaceutically acceptable liquid. For example, such compositions
may be formulated by mixing in the form of unit dose required in
the generally approved medicine manufacturing practice, by
appropriately combining with pharmacologically acceptable carriers
or media, specifically with sterile water, physiological saline,
vegetable oil, emulsifier, suspension, surfactant, stabilizer,
flavoring agent, excipient, vehicle, preservative, binder, or such.
In such formulations, the amount of active ingredient is adjusted
to obtain an appropriate amount in a pre-determined range.
[0370] Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated using
vehicles such as distilled water for injection, according to
standard formulation practice.
[0371] Aqueous solutions for injection include, for example,
physiological saline and isotonic solutions containing dextrose or
other adjuvants (for example, D-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-mannitol,
and sodium chloride). It is also possible to use in combination
appropriate solubilizers, for example, alcohols (ethanol and such),
polyalcohols (propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and such),
non-ionic surfactants (polysorbate 80(TM), HCO-50, and such).
[0372] Oils include sesame oil and soybean oils. Benzyl benzoate
and/or benzyl alcohol can be used in combination as solubilizers.
It is also possible to combine buffers (for example, phosphate
buffer and sodium acetate buffer), soothing agents (for example,
procaine hydrochloride), stabilizers (for example, benzyl alcohol
and phenol), and/or antioxidants. Appropriate ampules are filled
with the prepared injections.
[0373] The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are
preferably administered parenterally. For example, the compositions
may be in the dosage form for injections, transnasal
administration, transpulmonary administration, or transdermal
administration. For example, they can be administered systemically
or locally by intravenous injection, intramuscular injection,
intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, or such.
[0374] Administration methods can be appropriately selected in
consideration of the patient's age and symptoms. The dose of a
pharmaceutical composition containing an antigen-binding molecule
may be, for example, from 0.0001 to 1,000 mg/kg for each
administration. Alternatively, the dose may be, for example, from
0.001 to 100,000 mg per patient. However, the present invention is
not limited by the numeric values described above. The doses and
administration methods vary depending on the patient's weight, age,
symptoms, and such. Those skilled in the art can set appropriate
doses and administration methods in consideration of the factors
described above.
[0375] Furthermore, the pharmaceutical composition of the present
invention may be a pharmaceutical composition used to promote
antigen uptake into cells or reduction of antigen concentration in
plasma.
[0376] The present invention also relates to methods of promoting
antigen uptake into cells by an antigen-binding molecule and
methods of promoting the reduction of antigen concentration in
plasma by administering the antigen-binding molecule of the present
invention or antigen-binding molecule produced by the production
method of the present invention. The antigen-binding molecule may
be administered in vivo or in vitro. The subject to be administered
includes, for example, nonhuman animals (mice, monkeys, etc.) and
humans.
[0377] The present invention also relates to methods of increasing
the number of times of antigen binding by one antigen-binding
molecule and methods of improving the plasma retention of an
antigen-binding molecule by using an antigen-binding molecule of
the present invention or an antigen-binding molecule produced by
the production method of the present invention.
[0378] Amino acids contained in the amino acid sequences of the
present invention may be post-translationally modified (for
example, the modification of an N-terminal glutamine into a
pyroglutamic acid by pyroglutamylation is well-known to those
skilled in the art). Naturally, such post-translationally modified
amino acids are included in the amino acid sequences in the present
invention.
[0379] Furthermore, the present invention provides kits for use in
the methods of the present invention, which comprise at least an
antigen-binding molecule of the present invention. In addition to
the above, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, media, instruction
manuals describing the using method, and such may be packaged into
the kits.
[0380] The present invention also relates to agents for promoting
antigen uptake into cells by antigen-binding molecules, agents for
promoting the reduction of plasma antigen concentration, agents for
increasing the number of times of antigen binding by one
antigen-binding molecule, and agents for improving plasma retention
of antigen-binding molecules, all of which comprise as an active
ingredient an antigen-binding molecule of the present invention or
an antigen-binding molecule produced by production methods of the
present invention.
[0381] The present invention also relates to the use of
antigen-binding molecules of the present invention or
antigen-binding molecules produced by production methods of the
present invention in producing agents for promoting antigen uptake
into cells by antigen-binding molecules, agents for promoting the
reduction of plasma antigen concentration, agents for increasing
the number of times of antigen binding by one antigen-binding
molecule, or agents for improving plasma retention of
antigen-binding molecules.
[0382] The present invention also relates to antigen-binding
molecules of the present invention or antigen-binding molecules
produced by production methods of the present invention for use in
methods for promoting antigen uptake into cells by the
antigen-binding molecules, agents for promoting the reduction of
plasma antigen concentration, methods for increasing the number of
times of antigen binding by one antigen-binding molecule, and
methods for improving plasma retention of antigen-binding
molecules.
[0383] All prior art documents cited in the specification are
incorporated herein by reference.
EXAMPLES
[0384] Herein below, the present invention will be specifically
described with reference to the Examples, but it is not to be
construed as being limited thereto.
Example 1
The Concept of Antigen Elimination-Accelerating Effect of
Calcium-Dependent Antigen-Binding Antibodies
[0385] (1-1) Effect of pH-Dependent Antigen-Binding Antibodies to
Accelerate Antigen Elimination
[0386] H54/L28-IgG1 described in WO 2009/125825 is a humanized
anti-IL-6 receptor antibody. Fv-4-IgG1 is a humanized anti-IL-6
receptor antibody that results from conferring H54/L28-IgG1 with
the property to bind to soluble human IL-6 receptor in a
pH-dependent manner (which binds under neutral condition but is
dissociated under acidic condition). The in vivo test described in
WO 2009/125825 using mice demonstrated that the elimination of
soluble human IL-6 receptor could be greatly accelerated in a group
administered with a mixture of Fv-4-IgG1 and soluble human IL-6
receptor as antigen as compared to a group administered with a
mixture of H54/L28-IgG1 and soluble human IL-6 receptor as
antigen.
[0387] Soluble human IL-6 receptor bound to a general antibody that
binds to soluble human IL-6 receptor is recycled to the plasma
along with the antibody via FcRn. Meanwhile, an antibody that binds
to soluble human IL-6 receptor in a pH-dependent manner dissociates
from the soluble human IL-6 receptor that has been bound to the
antibody under acidic conditions in the endosome. The dissociated
soluble human IL-6 receptor is degraded in the lysosome. This can
greatly accelerate the elimination of soluble human IL-6 receptor.
Then, the antibody that binds to soluble human IL-6 receptor in a
pH-dependent manner is recycled to the plasma via FcRn. The
recycled antibody can bind to a soluble human IL-6 receptor again.
By repeating this cycle, a single antibody molecule can repeatedly
bind to soluble human IL-6 receptors multiple times (FIG. 1).
[0388] Meanwhile, as described in WO 2009/125825, after binding to
membrane-type human IL-6 receptor, a general humanized anti-IL-6
receptor antibody is internalized in a complex of humanized
anti-IL-6 receptor antibody and membrane-type human IL-6 receptor
and then degraded in the lysosome. In contrast, a humanized
anti-IL-6 receptor antibody that binds to IL-6 receptor in a
pH-dependent manner is recycled to plasma via dissociation from the
membrane-type human IL-6 receptor under the acidic condition in the
endosome after internalization in a complex with membrane-type
human IL-6 receptor. The recycled antibody can bind to
membrane-type human IL-6 receptor again. By repeating this cycle, a
single antibody molecule can repeatedly bind to membrane-type human
IL-6 receptor multiple times (FIG. 2).
(1-2) pH and Calcium Concentrations in Plasma and Endosome
[0389] In the mechanism of a pH-dependent binding antibody shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2, it is important that the antibody strongly binds to
an antigen in plasma and dissociates from the antigen in the
endosome based on the environmental difference between plasma and
endosome, i.e., pH difference (pH 7.4 in plasma; pH 6.0 in
endosome). The degree of environmental difference between plasma
and endosome is important for differentiating the antigen-binding
ability of a pH-dependent binding antibody in plasma and endosome.
A pH difference is due to a difference in the hydrogen ion
concentration. Specifically, the hydrogen ion concentration in
plasma (pH 7.4) is about 40 nM, while the concentration in the
endosome (pH 6.0) is about 1,000 nM. The factor (hydrogen ion)
concentration differs by about 25 times between plasma and
endosome.
[0390] The present inventors conceived that, in order to achieve
the mechanism illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 easily or to enhance the
mechanism, it would be beneficial to use an antibody that depends
on a factor that has a greater concentration difference between
plasma and endosome than the difference of hydrogen ion
concentration between the two. Thus, the inventors searched for a
factor whose concentration is considerably different between plasma
and endosome. As a result, calcium was identified. The ionized
calcium concentration is about 1.1 to 1.3 mM in plasma and about 3
.mu.M in the endosome. The factor (calcium) concentration differs
by about 400 times between the two. Thus, the ratio was found to be
greater than the difference in hydrogen ion concentration (25
times). Specifically, the mechanism illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2
was expected to be achieved or enhanced more readily by using an
ionized calcium concentration-dependent binding antibody, which
binds to an antigen under a high calcium concentration condition
(1.1 to 1.3 mM) but dissociates from the antigen under a low
calcium concentration condition (3 .mu.M).
[0391] Furthermore, in WO 2009/125825, pH-dependent binding
antibodies whose properties change between pH 7.4 and 6.0 were
produced by introducing histidine. Histidine is electrically
neutral under the neutral condition in plasma but is positively
charged under the acidic condition in the endosome. The pH
dependency can be conferred to antigen-antibody interaction by
utilizing the change in the electric charge of histidine.
Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 3, when histidine is used, in order to
bind to an antigen in plasma and to dissociate from the antigen in
the endosome, histidine residues in the antibody need to interact
with antigen's positively charged amino acids or amino acids that
potentially serve as a donor for hydrogen bonding. Therefore, an
antigen epitope, to which a pH-dependent binding antibody binds to
exert a target effect, has to contain positively charged amino
acids or amino acids that potentially serve as a donor for hydrogen
bonding.
[0392] On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, a calcium-dependent
binding antibody is assumed to bind to an antigen via calcium ion.
In this case, the antigen epitope contains negatively charged amino
acids or amino acids that potentially serve as an acceptor for
hydrogen bonding, which are capable of chelating calcium ion. Thus,
such antibodies can target epitopes that are not targeted by
pH-dependent binding antibodies produced by introducing histidine.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, it is expected that epitopes that
have a wide variety of properties can be targeted by using
antibodies with both calcium dependency and pH dependency.
Example 2
Isolation of Ca-Dependent Binding Antibodies from Human Antibody
Library Using Phage-Display Technique
(2-1) Preparation of Phage-Display Library of Naive Human
Antibodies
[0393] Several human antibody phage-display libraries that present
Fab domains comprising a human antibody sequence were constructed
using as a template polyA-RNA prepared from human PBMC, human polyA
RNA available on the market, or the like, according to Methods Mol.
Biol. 2002, 178: 87-100.
(2-2) Isolation of Ca-Dependent Binding Antibody Fragments from
Libraries by Bead Panning
[0394] The first selection from constructed human antibody
phage-display libraries was achieved by enriching antibody
fragments having antibody-binding ability or by enriching using the
Ca-dependent binding ability as an indicator. Antibody fragments
with a Ca-dependent binding ability were enriched by eluting phages
via EDTA chelation of Ca ion after antibody fragments were bound to
an antigen in the presence of Ca ion. Biotinylated human IL-6
receptor was used as the antigen.
[0395] Phages were produced with E. coli carrying phage-display
phagemids constructed in the manner described above. The resulting
culture medium was precipitated using 2.5 M NaC1/10% PEG. Then, the
precipitate was diluted with TBS to prepare a phage library
solution. BSA and CaCl.sub.2 were added to the phage library
solution so that the final concentrations of BSA and ionized
calcium were 4% and 1.2 mM, respectively. Panning was carried out
according to a conventional panning method using
antigen-immobilized magnetic beads (J Immunol Methods. 2008 Mar.
20, 332(1-2): 2-9; J Immunol Methods. 2001 Jan. 1, 247(1-2):
191-203; Biotechnol Prog. 2002 March-April, 18(2): 212-20; Mol Cell
Proteomics. 2003 February, 2(2): 61-9). The magnetic beads used
were NeutrAvidin coated beads (Sera-Mag SpeedBeads
NeutrAvidin-coated) and Streptavidin coated beads (Dynabeads M-280
Streptavidin).
[0396] Specifically, 250 pmol of the biotinylated antigen was added
to the prepared phage library solution, and contacted with the
antigen at room temperature for 60 minutes. BSA-blocked magnetic
beads were added and incubated for binding at room temperature for
15 minutes. The beads were washed once with 1 mL of 1.2 mM
CaCl.sub.2/TBS (TBS containing 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2). Then, the phages
were harvested by elution using a standard method when enriching
antibody fragments having binding ability, or by suspending the
beads in 2 mM EDTA/TBS (TBS containing 2% EDTA) to enrich antibody
fragments having Ca-dependent binding ability. E. coli was infected
by adding 10 mL of the E. coli strain TG1 during the logarithmic
growth phase (OD600 0.4-0.5) to the prepared phage suspension, and
culturing at 37.degree. C. for one hour with gentle stirring. The
infected E. coli was plated onto plates (225 mm.times.225 mm).
Again, the culture was started with this E. coli to cultivate the
phages.
[0397] In the second and subsequent panning, the enrichment was
achieved using Ca-dependent binding ability as an indicator.
Specifically, 40 pmol of the biotinylated antigen was added to the
prepared phage library solution. The phages were contacted with the
antigen at room temperature for 60 minutes. BSA-blocked magnetic
beads were added to the suspension and incubated for binding at
room temperature for 15 minutes. The beads were washed once each
with 1 mL of 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2/TBST (TBS containing 1.2 mM
CaCl.sub.2 and 0.1% Tween-20) and 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2/TBS. Then, 0.1
mL of 2 mM EDTA/TBS (TBS containing 2% EDTA) was added to suspend
the beads at room temperature, and immediately after suspension,
the beads were removed using Magnet Stand to collect the phage
suspension. The resulting phage suspension was added to 10 mL of
the E. coli stain TG1 during the logarithmic growth phase (OD600
0.4-0.5) to infect the E. coli which was then cultured at
37.degree. C. for one hour with gentle stirring. The infected E.
coli was plated onto plates (225 mm.times.225 mm). Again, the
culture was started with this E. coli, and the phages were
cultivated in the manner as described above. Panning was repeated
twice.
(2-3) Assessment by Phage ELISA
[0398] From E. coli single colonies obtained by the method
described above, phage-containing culture supernatants were
prepared according to Methods Mol. Biol. 2002, 178: 133-145.
[0399] BSA and CaCl.sub.2 were added to the phage-containing
culture supernatants so that the final concentrations of BSA and
calcium were 4% and 1.2 mM, respectively. The supernatants were
subjected to ELISA. StreptaWell 96 microtiter plates (Roche) were
coated using 100 .mu.L of PBS containing the biotinylated antigen.
After washing with PBST (PBS containing 0.1% Tween20) to remove the
antigen, the plates were blocked with 250 .mu.L of 4% BSA/TBS for
one hour or more. 4% BSA-TBS was removed, and then the prepared
culture supernatants were added to the plates. The plates were
allowed to stand at 37.degree. C. for one hour to achieve the
binding of phage-display antibody. Following wash with 1.2 mM
CaCl.sub.2/TBST (TBS containing 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2 and 0.1%
Tween20), 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2/TBS or 1 mM EDTA/TBS was added to the
plates. The plates were allowed to stand at 37.degree. C. for 30
minutes of incubation. After washing with 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2/TBST,
the plates were incubated for one hour with an HRP-conjugated
anti-M13 antibody (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) diluted with TBS
containing 4% BSA and 1.2 mM ionized calcium. After washing with
1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2/TBST, detection was carried out with the TMB
single solution (ZYMED). Absorbance at 450 nm was determined after
the reaction was terminated by adding sulfuric acid. Antibody
fragments judged to have a Ca-dependent binding ability were
analyzed for their nucleotide sequences using specific primers.
(2-4) Antibody Expression and Purification
[0400] Clones judged to have a Ca-dependent binding ability by
phage ELISA were introduced into animal cell expression plasmids.
Antibodies were expressed using the following method. Cells of
human fetal kidney-derived line FreeStyle 293-F (Invitrogen) were
suspended in the FreeStyle 293 Expression Medium (Invitrogen), and
3-ml aliquots were plated to each well of E-well plates at a cell
density of 1.33.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL. The prepared plasmids were
introduced into the cells by a lipofection method. The cells were
cultured in a CO.sub.2 incubator (37.degree. C., 8% CO.sub.2, 90
rpm) for four days. From the obtained culture supernatants,
antibodies were purified using rProtein A Sepharose.TM. Fast Flow
(Amersham Biosciences) by a method known to those skilled in the
art. The concentrations of purified antibodies were determined by
measuring absorbance at 280 nm using a spectrophotometer. The
antibody concentrations were calculated from the determined values
based on the extinction coefficient determined by PACE method
(Protein Science 1995; 4: 2411-2423).
Example 3
Assessment of the Prepared Antibodies for their Ca-Dependent
Binding Activity to Human IL-6 Receptor
[0401] Antibodies 6RL#9-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 1; light chain
SEQ ID NO: 2), 6RK#12-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 66; light chain
SEQ ID NO: 67), and FH4-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 3; light chain
SEQ ID NO: 4) prepared in Example 2 were assessed for their binding
activity to human interleukin 6 receptor (hIL6R) at pH 7.4 using
Biacore T100 (GE Healthcare). The assay was carried out using as a
running buffer 0.05% Surfactant P20, 10 mmol/l ACES, 150 mmol/l
NaCl (pH 7.4 or 6.0) containing 3 .mu.M or 2 mM CaCl.sub.2.
[0402] After immobilizing an adequate amount of recombinant Protein
A (Thermo Scientific) onto Sensor chip CM4 (GE Healthcare) by an
amino coupling method, antibodies were allowed to bind onto the
sensor chip. An appropriate concentration of hIL-6R was injected as
an analyte to interact with antibodies on the sensor chip. Then, 10
mmol/l glycine-HCl (pH 1.5) was injected to regenerate the sensor
chip. Measurements were carried out at 37.degree. C. Sensorgrams
obtained by the measurements are show in in FIG. 6. The result
demonstrated that all of antibodies 6RL#9-IgG1, 6RK#12-IgG1, and
FH4-IgG1 bound to hIL6R more weakly under the condition of 3 .mu.M
Ca.sup.2+ concentration of than under the condition of 2 mM
Ca.sup.2+ concentration.
[0403] Of these antibodies, as antibodies exhibiting Ca dependency,
6RL#9-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 1; light chain SEQ ID NO: 2) and
FH4-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 3; light chain SEQ ID NO: 4) were
further analyzed kinetically. H54/L28-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO:
5; light chain SEQ ID NO: 6) described in WO 2009/125825 was used
as an antibody exhibiting no Ca dependency. The high and low
calcium ion concentration conditions used were 2 mM and 3 .mu.M,
respectively. Human IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) was used as an antigen.
An appropriate amount of protein A (Invitrogen) was immobilized
onto Sensor chip CM4 (GE Healthcare) by the amine coupling method
and antibodies of interest were captured on the chip. The two types
of running buffers used were: [10 mmol/L ACES, 150 mmol/L NaCl,
0.05% (w/v) Tween20, 2 mmol/L CaCl.sub.2 (pH 7.4)] or [10 mmol/L
ACES, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 0.05% (w/v) Tween20, 3 .mu.mol/L CaCl.sub.2
(pH 7.4)]. All measurements were carried out at 37.degree. C. Each
buffer was also used to dilute IL-6R.
[0404] H54L28-IgG1 was assayed by injecting each running buffer as
a blank and the diluted IL-6R solution at a flow rate of 20
.mu.l/min for three minutes. Thus, IL-6R was allowed to interact
with the antibody captured on the sensor chip. Then, the running
buffer was injected at a flow rate of 20 .mu.l/min for ten minutes
to observe the dissociation of IL-6R. Next, 10 mmol/L glycine-HCl
(pH 1.5) was injected at a flow rate of 30 .mu.l/min for 30 seconds
to regenerate the sensor chip. Association rate constant ka (1/Ms)
and dissociation rate constant kd (1/s), which are kinetic
parameters, were calculated from the sensorgram obtained by the
measurement. Based on the values, the dissociation constant K.sub.D
(M) between each antibody and human IL-6 receptor was calculated.
Each parameter was calculated using the Biacore T100 Evaluation
Software (GE Healthcare).
[0405] FH4-IgG1 and 6RL#9-IgG1 were assayed by injecting each
running buffer as a blank and the diluted IL-6R solution at a flow
rate of 5 .mu.l/min for 15 minutes. Thus, IL-6R was allowed to
interact with the antibody captured on the sensor chip. Then, 10
mmol/L glycine-HCl (pH 1.5) was injected at a flow rate of 30
.mu.l/min for 30 seconds to regenerate the sensor chip. Based on
the steady state affinity model, the dissociation constant K.sub.D
(M) was calculated from the sensorgram obtained by the measurement.
Each parameter was calculated using the Biacore T100 Evaluation
Software (GE Healthcare).
[0406] The dissociation constants K.sub.D between IL-6R and each
antibody in the presence of 2 mM CaCl.sub.2, which was determined
by the above-described methods, are shown in Table 7. H54/L28-IgG1
did not show any difference in the level of IL-6R binding due to
the Ca concentration difference. Meanwhile, FH4-IgG1 and 6RL#9-IgG1
exhibited a significant impairment of binding at the low Ca
concentration condition (FIGS. 7, 8, and 9).
TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 7 H54/L28-IgG1 FH4-IgG1 6RL#9-IgG1 K.sub.D (M)
1.9E-9 5.9E-7 2.6E-7
[0407] In the case of H54/L28-IgG1, K.sub.D at a Ca concentration
of 3 .mu.M can be calculated by similar methods used for
determining K.sub.D at a Ca concentration of 2 mM. In the case of
FH4-IgG1 and 6RL#9-IgG1, on the other hand, it is difficult to
calculate K.sub.D at a Ca concentration of 3 .mu.M by similar
methods described above, because the binding to IL-6R was almost
undetectable at 3 .mu.M Ca concentration. However, the K.sub.D can
be predicted by using formula 1 shown below (Biacore T100 Software
Handbook, BR-1006-48, AE January 2007).
R.sub.eq=CR.sub.max/(K.sub.D+C)+RI [Formula 1]
[0408] Each symbol in formula 1 shown above is defined below.
R.sub.eq (RU): steady state binding levels R.sub.max (RU): analyte
binding capacity of the surface RI (RU): bulk refractive index
contribution in the sample C (M): analyte concentration K.sub.D
(M): equilibrium dissociation constant
[0409] The dissociation constant K.sub.D between IL-6R and each
antibody at a Ca concentration of 3 .mu.mol/L, which can be
predicted by using formula 1 above, is shown as an approximate
estimate in Table 8.
TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 8 H54L28-IgG1 FH4-IgG1 6RL#9-IgG1 R.sub.eq
(RU) 5 10 R.sub.max (RU) 39 72 RI (RU) 0 0 C (M) 5E-06 5E-06
K.sub.D (M) 2.2E-9 3.4E-05 3.1E-05
[0410] In Table 8 shown above, the R.sub.eq, R.sub.max, RI, and C
values are estimated based on the assay result.
[0411] Based on the findings described above, it was predicted that
the K.sub.D between IL-6R and FH4-IgG1 or 6RL#9-IgG1 was increased
by about 60 or 120 times (the affinity was reduced by 60 or 120
times or more) when the concentration of CaCl.sub.2 was altered
from 2 mM to 3 .mu.M. Table 9 summarizes the K.sub.D values at
CaCl.sub.2 concentrations of 2 mM and 3 .mu.M and the Ca dependency
for the three types of antibodies H54/L28-IgG1, FH4-IgG1, and
6RL#9-IgG1.
TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 9 H54/L28-IgG1 FH4-IgG1 6RL#9-IgG1 K.sub.D (M)
(2 mM CaCl.sub.2) 1.9E-9 5.9E-7 2.6E-7 K.sub.D (M) (3 .mu.M
CaCl.sub.2) 2.2E-9 3.4E-5 OR HIGHER 3.1E-5 OR HIGHER Ca DEPENDENCY
ABOUT THE SAME ABOUT 60 FOLD OR MORE ABOUT 120 FOLD OR MORE
Example 4
Assessment of the Obtained Antibodies for their Calcium Ion
Binding
[0412] Next, antibodies were tested for their calcium ion binding
by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (MicroCal VP-Capillary
DSC; MicroCal) to assess the midpoint temperature of thermal
denaturation (Tm value). The midpoint temperature of thermal
denaturation (Tm value) serves as an indicator for stability. When
a protein is stabilized by calcium ion binding, the midpoint
temperature of thermal denaturation (Tm value) is elevated as
compared to that when the protein is not bound to calcium ion (J
Bio Chem. 2008 September 12; Vol. 283; No. 37: pp 25140-25149).
Based on this principle, antibodies were assessed for their calcium
ion binding. Purified antibodies were dialyzed (EasySEP, TOMY)
against a solution of [20 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM CaCl.sub.2
(pH 7.4)] or [20 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 3 .mu.M CaCl.sub.2 (pH
7.4)]. The protein solutions were adjusted to 0.1 mg/ml using the
same dialysis buffer as used in dialyzing the protein solution. DSC
measurement was carried out at a heating rate of 240.degree. C./hr
from 20 to 115.degree. C. Based on the obtained DSC denaturation
curves, the midpoint temperature of thermal denaturation (Tm value)
was calculated for the Fab domain of each antibody. The values are
shown in Table 10.
TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 10 CALCIUM ION VARIABLE REGION CONCENTRATION
.DELTA. Tm[.degree. C.] SEQUENCE 3 .mu.M 2 mM 2 mM - 3 .mu.M
H54/L28 92.87 92.87 0.00 FH4 74.71 78.97 4.26 6RL#9 77.77 78.98
1.21
[0413] The result shown in Table 10 demonstrates that for FH4 and
6RL#9, which exhibit calcium-dependent binding ability, the Tm
values of their Fab vary depending on the calcium concentration,
while the Tm value does not change in H54/L28, which does not
exhibit calcium-dependent binding ability. The observed changes in
the Tm values of Fab in FH4 and 6RL#9 suggest that the Fab domains
of the antibodies were stabilized by calcium ion binding to the
antibodies. This implies that calcium ion binds to FH4 and 6RL#9
whereas calcium ion does not bind to H54/L28.
Example 5
Assessment of Ca-Dependent Binding Antibodies for their Effect on
Antigen Retention in Plasma using normal mice
(5-1) In Vivo Test Using Normal Mice
[0414] Normal mice (57BL/6J mouse; Charles River Japan) were
administered with hsIL-6R (soluble human IL-6 receptor: prepared as
described in REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1) alone or in combination with an
anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody, and then assessed for the in
vivo dynamics of hsIL-6R and the anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody.
An hsIL-6R solution (5 .mu.g/ml) or a mixed solution of hsIL-6R and
an anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody was administered at 10 ml/kg
once into the caudal vein. The anti-human IL-6 receptor antibodies
used were H54/L28-IgG1, 6RL#9-IgG1, and FH4-IgG1 described
above.
[0415] The concentration of hsIL-6R was 5 .mu.g/ml in all the mixed
solutions. Meanwhile, the anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody
concentration differs with each antibody. The concentration of
H54/L28-IgG1 was 0.1 mg/mL, while those of 6RL#9-IgG1 and FH4-IgG1
were 10 mg/mL. The anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody is present in
excess over hsIL-6R, and therefore almost every hsIL-6R is assumed
to be bound by the antibody. Blood was collected 15 minutes, 7
hours, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days
after administration. The collected blood was immediately
centrifuged at 4.degree. C. and 12,000 rpm for 15 minutes to
separate the plasma. The separated plasma was stored in a freezer
at -20.degree. C. or below until measurement.
(5-2) ELISA Determination of the Anti-Human IL-6 Receptor Antibody
Concentration in Normal Mice Plasma
[0416] The anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody concentration in mouse
plasma was determined by ELISA. First, Anti-Human IgG
(.gamma.-chain specific) F(ab')2 Fragment of Antibody (SIGMA) was
dispensed onto Nunc-Immuno Plates, MaxiSorp (Nalge nunc
International) and allowed to stand overnight at 4.degree. C. to
prepare Anti-Human IgG-immobilized plates. Calibration curve
samples having plasma concentrations of 0.64, 0.32, 0.16, 0.08,
0.04, 0.02, and 0.01 .mu.g/mL, and mouse plasma assay samples
diluted 100-fold or more were prepared and aliquoted into the
Anti-Human IgG-immobilized plates. The plates were incubated at
25.degree. C. for one hour, followed by incubation with
biotinylated anti-human IL-6R antibody (R&D) at 25.degree. C.
for one hour. Then, Streptavidin-PolyHRP80 (Stereospecific
Detection Technologies) was reacted at 25.degree. C. for 0.5 hour.
Color development was carried out using TMB One Component HRP
Microwell Substrate (BioFX Laboratories) as a substrate. After
stopping the reaction with 1N Sulfuric acid (Showa Chemical),
absorbance at 450 nm was measured on a microplate reader. The
plasma concentrations in the mice were calculated from the
absorbance of the calibration curve using the analytical software
SOFTmax PRO (Molecular Devices). Time courses for the plasma
concentrations of antibodies H54/L28-IgG1, 6RL#9-IgG1, and FH4-IgG1
in normal mice after intravenous administration determined by this
method are shown in FIG. 10.
(5-3) Measurement of Plasma hsIL-6R Concentration by
Electrochemiluminescence Method
[0417] The hsIL-6R concentration in mouse plasma was measured by
the electrochemiluminescence method. hsIL-6R calibration curve
samples adjusted to concentrations of 2,000, 1,000, 500, 250, 125,
62.5, or 31.25 .mu.g/mL and mouse plasma assay samples diluted
50-fold or more were prepared. The samples were mixed with a
solution of monoclonal anti-human IL-6R antibody (R&D)
ruthenium-labeled with SULFO-TAG NHS Ester (Meso Scale Discovery),
Biotinylated Anti-human IL-6R Antibody (R&D), and tocilizumab
(heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 13; light chain SEQ ID NO: 14), and then
allowed to react overnight at 4.degree. C. The assay buffer used
for the reaction contains 10 mM EDTA for the purpose of reducing
the free Ca concentration in the samples so that almost every
hsIL-6R is dissociated from 6RL#9-IgG1 or FH4-IgG1 in the samples
and binds to tocilizumab added. Then, the mixtures were aliquoted
into the MA400 PR Streptavidin Plate (Meso Scale Discovery). After
another hour of reaction at 25.degree. C., the plate was washed
Immediately after Read Buffer T(.times.4) (Meso Scale Discovery)
was aliquoted into the plate, measurement was carried out using the
SECTOR PR 400 reader (Meso Scale Discovery). The hSIL-6R
concentration was calculated based on the response in the
calibration curve using the analytical software, SOFTmax PRO
(Molecular Devices). Time courses of the plasma hsIL-6R
concentration in normal mice after intravenous administration
determined by the above-described method are shown in FIG. 11.
[0418] The findings described above demonstrated that hsIL-6R
administered alone was eliminated very rapidly. Meanwhile, the
elimination of hsIL-6R was considerably retarded when hsIL-6R was
simultaneously administered with a general antibody H54/L28-IgG1
which does not exhibit Ca-dependent hsIL-6R binding. Meanwhile, the
elimination of hsIL-6R was significantly accelerated when hsIL-6R
was simultaneously administered with 6RL#9-IgG1 or FH4-IgG1, which
has 100 times or higher hsIL-6R binding in a Ca-dependent manner.
When hsIL-6R was administered in combination with 6RL#9-IgG1 or
FH4-IgG1, the plasma hsIL-6R concentration on Day 1 could be
reduced by 39 times or twice, respectively, in comparison to when
hsIL-6R was administered in combination with H54/L28-IgG1. This
demonstrates that calcium-dependent binding antibodies can
accelerate the elimination of an antigen from the plasma.
Example 6
Trials to Improve the Antigen Elimination-Accelerating Effect of
Antibody with Ca-Dependent Antigen-Binding (Preparation of
Antibodies)
(6-1) Regarding the Binding of IgG Antibody to FcRn
[0419] IgG antibodies have longer plasma retention time as a result
of FcRn binding. The binding between IgG and FcRn is observed only
under an acidic condition (pH 6.0). By contrast, the binding is
almost undetectable under a neutral condition (pH 7.4). An IgG
antibody is taken up into cells in a nonspecific manner. The
antibody returns to the cell surface by binding to endosomal FcRn
under the endosomal acidic condition, and then dissociates from
FcRn under the plasma neutral condition. When the FcRn binding
under the acidic condition is lost by introducing mutations into
the IgG Fc domain, the antibody retention time in plasma is
markedly impaired because the antibody no longer recycles to the
plasma from the endosome.
[0420] A reported method for improving the plasma retention of an
IgG antibody is to enhance the FcRn binding under acidic conditions
Amino acid mutations are introduced into its Fc domain of an IgG
antibody to improve its FcRn binding under acidic conditions. This
increases the efficiency of recycling to the plasma from the
endosome, resulting in improvement of the plasma retention. An
important requirement in the amino acid substitution is not to
augment the FcRn binding under neutral conditions. If an IgG
antibody binds to FcRn under neutral conditions, the antibody does
not dissociate from FcRn under the plasma neutral condition even if
it returns to the cell surface by binding to FcRn under the
endosomal acidic condition. In this case, the plasma retention is
rather lost because the IgG antibody is not recycled to the
plasma.
[0421] For example, as described in J. Immunol. (2002) 169(9):
5171-80, an IgG1 antibody modified by introduction of amino acid
substations so that the resulting antibody is capable of binding to
mouse FcRn under a neutral condition (pH 7.4) was reported to
exhibit very poor plasma retention when administered to mice.
Furthermore, as described in J. Immunol. (2009) 182(12): 7663-71; J
Biol. Chem. 2007 Jan. 19, 282(3): 1709-17; and J. Immunol. 2002
Nov. 1, 169(9): 5171-80, an IgG1 antibody has been modified by
introduction of amino acid substitutions so that the resulting
antibody exhibits improved human FcRn binding under an acidic
condition (pH 6.0) and at the same time becomes capable of binding
to human FcRn under a neutral condition (pH 7.4). The resulting
antibody was reported to show neither improvement nor alteration in
plasma retention when administered to cynomolgus monkeys. Thus, the
antibody engineering technology for improving antibody functions
has only focused on the improvement of antibody plasma retention by
enhancing human FcRn binding under acidic conditions without
enhancing it under a neutral condition (pH 7.4). To date, there is
no report describing the advantage of improving human FcRn binding
under a neutral condition (pH 7.4) by introducing amino acid
substitutions into the Fc domain of an IgG antibody.
[0422] Antibodies that bind to antigens in a pH-dependent manner
accelerate the elimination of soluble antigen. The antibodies
produce the effect by repeatedly binding to soluble antigens
multiple times. Thus, such antibodies are very useful. A method for
augmenting FcRn binding under a neutral condition (pH 7.4) was
tested to further enhance the antigen elimination-facilitating
effect.
(6-2) Preparation of Ca-Dependent Human IL-6 Receptor-Binding
Antibodies Having FcRn-Binding Activity Under Neutral
Conditions
[0423] Amino acid mutations to enhance FcRn binding under a neutral
condition (pH 7.4) were introduced into FH4-IgG1 and 6RL#9-IgG1
which have a calcium-dependent antigen-binding ability, and
H54/L28-IgG1 as a control which does not have the calcium-dependent
antigen-binding ability. Amino acid mutations were introduced by a
PCR method known to those skilled in the art. Specifically,
FH4-N434W (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 7; light chain SEQ ID NO: 8),
6RL#9-N434W (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 9; light chain SEQ ID NO: 10),
and H54/L28-N434W (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 11; light chain SEQ ID
NO: 12) were constructed by substituting Trp for Asn at position
434 in the EU numbering system in the heavy chain constant region
of IgG1. The method for substituting an amino acid is as follows.
Mutants were prepared using the QuikChange Site-Directed
Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene) by the method described in the
appended instruction manual. The resulting plasmid fragments were
inserted into animal cell expression vectors to construct desired
expression vectors. Antibody expression and purification, and
determination of their concentrations were carried out by the
methods described in Example 2.
Example 7
Assessment of the Elimination-Accelerating Effect of Ca-Dependent
Binding Antibodies Using Normal Mice
(7-1) In Vivo Test Using Normal Mice
[0424] Normal mice (C57BL/6J mouse; Charles River Japan) were
administered with hsIL-6R (soluble human IL-6 receptor: prepared as
described in REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1) alone or in combination with an
anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody, and then assessed for the in
vivo dynamics of hsIL-6R and the anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody.
An hsIL-6R solution (5 .mu.g/ml) or a mixed solutions of hsIL-6R
and an anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody was administered at 10
mL/kg once into the caudal vein. The anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibodies used were the above-described H54/L28-N434W,
6RL#9-N434W, and FH4-N434W.
[0425] The concentration of hsIL-6R was 5 .mu.g/mL in all the mixed
solutions. Meanwhile, the anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody
concentration differs with each antibody. The concentrations of
H54/L28-N434W, 6RL#9-N434W, and FH4-N434W were 0.042, 0.55, and 1
mg/ml, respectively. In this case, the anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibody is present in excess over hsIL-6R in the mixed solutions,
and therefore almost every hsIL-6R is assumed to be bound by the
antibody. Blood was collected 15 minutes, 7 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 4
days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days after administration.
The collected blood was immediately centrifuged at 4.degree. C. and
12,000 rpm for 15 minutes to separate plasma. The separated plasma
was stored in a freezer at -20.degree. C. or below before
assay.
(7-2) ELISA Measurement of the Anti-Human IL-6 Receptor Antibody
Concentration in Plasma in Normal Mice
[0426] The anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody concentration in mouse
plasma was measured by ELISA in the same manner as described in
EXAMPLE 6. Time courses of the plasma concentrations of antibodies
H54/L28-N434W, 6RL#9-N434W, and FH4-N434W in normal mice after
intravenous administration determined by this method are shown in
FIG. 12.
(7-3) Measurement of the Plasma hsIL-6R Concentration by
Electrochemiluminescence Assay
[0427] The hsIL-6R concentration in mouse plasma was measured by
the electrochemiluminescence method. hsIL-6R calibration curve
samples adjusted to concentrations of 2,000, 1,000, 500, 250, 125,
62.5, and 31.25 .mu.g/mL and mouse plasma assay samples diluted
50-fold or more were prepared. The samples were mixed with a
solution of monoclonal anti-human IL-6R antibody (R&D)
ruthenium-labeled with SULFO-TAG NHS Ester (Meso Scale Discovery)
and biotinylated anti-human IL-6R antibody (R&D), and then
allowed to react overnight at 4.degree. C. The assay buffer used
for the reaction contains 10 mM EDTA for the purpose of reducing
the free Ca concentration in the samples so that almost every
hsIL-6R dissociates from 6RL#9-N434W or FH4-N434W in the samples
and exists in a free form. Then, the mixtures were aliquoted into
the MA400 PR Streptavidin Plate (Meso Scale Discovery). After one
hour of reaction at 25.degree. C., the plate was washed Immediately
after Read Buffer T(.times.4) (Meso Scale Discovery) was aliquoted
into the plate, measurement was carried out using the SECTOR PR 400
reader (Meso Scale Discovery). The hsIL-6R concentrations were
calculated based on the response in the calibration curve using the
analytical software, SOFTmax PRO (Molecular Devices). Time courses
of the plasma hsIL-6R concentration in normal mice after
intravenous administration determined by the above-described method
are shown in FIG. 13.
[0428] The findings described above demonstrated that the FcRn
binding at pH 7.4 was enhanced but, when hsIL-6R was simultaneously
administered with a general antibody H54/L28-N434W, which does not
exhibit Ca-dependent hsIL-6R binding, the elimination of hsIL-6R
was considerably retarded as compared to when hsIL-6R was
administered alone. Meanwhile, when hsIL-6R was simultaneously
administered with 6RL#9-N434W or FH4-N434W which are antibodies
that have enhanced FcRn binding at pH 7.4 and 100 times or higher
hsIL-6R binding depending on Ca, the elimination of hsIL-6R was
significantly accelerated as compared to when hsIL-6R was
administered alone. When hsIL-6R was simultaneously administered
with 6RL#9-N434W and FH4-N434W, the plasma hsIL-6R concentration on
Day 1 could be reduced by 3 and 8 times, respectively, as compared
to when hsIL-6R was administered alone. This demonstrates that the
elimination of an antigen from the plasma can be further
accelerated by enhancing the FcRn-binding ability of a
calcium-dependent binding antibody at pH 7.4.
[0429] In comparison to a general antibody H54/L28-IgG1 which does
not exhibit Ca-dependent hsIL-6R binding, antibody 6RL#9-IgG1 or
FH4-IgG1 which has 100 times or higher Ca-dependent hsIL-6R binding
were confirmed to have the effect to enhance the hsIL-6R
elimination. Furthermore, in comparison to when hsIL-6R alone was
administered, hsIL-6R and antibody 6RL#9-N434W or FH4-N434W which
exhibits enhanced FcRn binding at pH 7.4 and has 100 times or
higher hsIL-6R binding depending on Ca were confirmed to be able to
accelerate hsIL-6R elimination. The data described above suggests
that similar to an antibody that binds to an antigen in a
pH-dependent manner, an antibody that binds to an antigen in a
Ca-dependent manner dissociates from the antigen in the endosome,
as illustrated in FIG. 1. As described in Example 1, there are
limited types of epitopes targeted by antibodies with pH-dependent
antigen binding (FIG. 3). However, by using antibodies with
Ca-dependent antigen binding as revealed in the present invention,
it is considered that one can expand the variety of epitopes to be
targeted by antibodies capable of endosome-dependent antigen
dissociation (FIGS. 4 and 5).
Example 8
Identification of Calcium Ion-Binding Site in Antibody 6RL#9 by
X-Ray Crystallography
(8-1) X-Ray Crystallography
[0430] As described in Example 4, the measurements of thermal
denaturation temperature Tm suggested that antibody 6RL#9 binds to
calcium ion. However, it was unpredictable which portion of
antibody 6RL#9 binds to calcium ion. Then, by using the technique
of X-ray crystallography, residues of antibody 6RL#9 that interact
with calcium ion were identified.
(8-2) Expression and Purification of Antibody 6RL#9
[0431] Antibody 6RL#9 was expressed and purified for X-ray
crystallography. Specifically, animal expression plasmids
constructed to be capable of expressing the heavy chain (SEQ ID NO:
1) and light chain (SEQ ID NO: 2) of antibody 6RL#9 were introduced
transiently into animal cells. The constructed plasmids were
introduced by the lipofection method into cells of human fetal
kidney cell-derived FreeStyle 293-F (Invitrogen) suspended in 800
ml of the FreeStyle 293 Expression Medium (Invitrogen) (final cell
density: 1.times.10.sup.6 cells/mL). The plasmid-introduced cells
were cultured in a CO.sub.2 incubator (37.degree. C., 8% CO.sub.2,
90 rpm) for five days. From the culture supernatant obtained as
described above, antibodies were purified by a method known to
those skilled in the art using the rProtein A Sepharose.TM. Fast
Flow (Amersham Biosciences). Absorbance at 280 nm of purified
antibody solutions was measured using a spectrophotometer. Antibody
concentrations were calculated from the measured values using an
extinction coefficient calculated by the PACE method (Protein
Science (1995) 4, 2411-2423).
(8-3) Purification of Antibody 6RL#9 Fab Fragment
[0432] Antibody 6RL#9 was concentrated to 21 mg/ml using an
ultrafilter with a molecular weight cutoff of 10,000 MWCO. A 5
mg/mL antibody sample (2.5 mL) was prepared by diluting the
antibody solution using 4 mM L-cysteine/5 mM EDTA/20 mM sodium
phosphate buffer (pH 6.5). 0.125 mg of papain (Roche Applied
Science) was added to the sample. After stirring, the sample was
incubated at 35.degree. C. for two hours. After incubation, a
tablet of Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Mini, EDTA-free (Roche
Applied Science) was dissolved in 10 ml of 25 mM MES buffer (pH 6)
and added to the sample. The sample was incubated on ice to stop
the papain proteolytic reaction. Then, the sample was loaded onto a
1-ml cation-exchange column HiTrap SP HP (GE Healthcare)
equilibrated with 25 mM MES buffer (pH 6), downstream of which a
1-ml HiTrap MabSelect Sure Protein A column (GE Healthcare) was
connected in tandem. A purified fraction of the Fab fragment of
antibody 6RL#9 was obtained by performing elution with a linear
NaCl concentration gradient up to 300 mM in the above-described
buffer. Then, the resulting purified fraction was concentrated to
about 0.8 ml using a 5000 MWCO ultrafilter. The concentrate was
loaded onto a gel filtration column Superdex 200 10/300 GL (GE
Healthcare) equilibrated with 100 mM HEPES buffer (pH 8) containing
50 mM NaCl. The purified Fab fragment of antibody 6RL#9 for
crystallization was eluted from the column using the same buffer.
All the column treatments described above were carried out at a low
temperature of 6 to 7.5.degree. C.
(8-4) Crystallization of the Antibody 6RL#9 Fab Fragment in the
Presence of Ca
[0433] Seed crystals of the 6RL#9 Fab fragment were prepared in
advance under general conditions. Then, the purified Fab fragment
of antibody 6RL#9 in 5 mM CaCl.sub.2 was concentrated to 12 mg/ml
with a 5000 MWCO ultrafilter. Next, the sample concentrated as
described above was crystallized by the hanging drop vapor
diffusion method using 100 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) containing 20%
to 29% PEG4000 as a reservoir solution. The above-described seed
crystals were crushed in 100 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) containing
29% PEG4000 and 5 mM CaCl.sub.2, and serially diluted to 100 to
10,000 folds. Then, 0.2 .mu.L of diluted solutions were combined
with a mixture of 0.8 .mu.A of the reservoir solution and 0.8 .mu.A
of the concentrated sample to prepare crystallization drops on a
glass cover slide. The crystal drops were allowed to stand at
20.degree. C. for two to three days to prepare thin plate-like
crystals. X-ray diffraction data were collected using the
crystals.
(8-5) Crystallization of the Antibody 6RL#9 Fab Fragment in the
Absence of Ca
[0434] The purified Fab fragment of antibody 6RL#9 was concentrated
to 15 mg/ml using a 5000 MWCO ultrafilter. Then, the sample
concentrated as described above was crystallized by the hanging
drop vapor diffusion method using 100 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.5)
containing 18% to 25% PEG4000 as a reservoir solution. Crystals of
the antibody 6RL#9 Fab fragment obtained in the presence of Ca were
crushed in 100 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) containing 25% PEG4000, and
serially diluted to 100 to 10,000 folds. Then, 0.2 .mu.L of diluted
solutions were combined with a mixture of 0.8 .mu.l of the
reservoir solution and 0.8 .mu.l of the concentrated sample to
prepare crystallization drops on a glass cover slide. The crystal
drops were allowed to stand at 20.degree. C. for two to three days
to prepare thin plate-like crystals. X-ray diffraction data were
collected using the crystals.
(8-6) X-Ray Crystallographic Measurement of Fab Fragment Crystal
from Antibody 6RL#9 in the Presence of Ca
[0435] Crystals of the Fab fragment of antibody 6RL#9 prepared in
the presence of Ca were soaked in 100 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.5)
solution containing 35% PEG4000 and 5 mM CaCl.sub.2. By removing
the exterior solution from the surface of a single crystal with a
micro-nylon-loop pin, the single crystal was frozen in liquid
nitrogen. X-ray diffraction data of the frozen crystal was
collected from beam line BL-17A of the Photon Factory in the High
Energy Accelerator Research Organization. The frozen crystal was
maintained in the frozen state during the measurement by constantly
placing it in a stream of nitrogen gas at -178.degree. C. A total
of 180 diffraction images were collected using the CCD detector
Quantum315r (ADSC) attached to the beam line while rotating the
crystal in 1.degree. intervals. Lattice constant determination,
diffraction spot indexing, and diffraction data analysis were
performed using programs Xia2 (CCP4 Software Suite), XDS Package
(Walfgang Kabsch), and Scala (CCP4 Software Suite). Finally,
diffraction intensity data up to 2.2 angstrom resolution was
obtained. The crystal belongs to space group P212121 with lattice
constant a=45.47 angstrom, b=79.86 angstrom, c=116.25 angstrom,
.alpha.=90.degree., .beta.=90.degree., and .gamma.=90.degree..
(8-7) X-Ray Crystallographic Measurement of the Fab Fragment
Crystal from Antibody 6RL#9 in the Absence of Ca Crystals of the
Fab fragment of antibody 6RL#9 prepared in the absence of Ca were
soaked in 100 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) solution containing 35%
PEG4000. By removing the exterior solution from the surface of a
single crystal with a micro-nylon-loop pin, the single crystal was
frozen in liquid nitrogen. X-ray diffraction data of the frozen
crystal was collected from beam line BL-5A of the Photon Factory in
the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization. The frozen
crystal was maintained in the frozen state during the measurement
by constantly placing it in a stream of nitrogen gas at
-178.degree. C. A total of 180 diffraction images were collected
using the CCD detector Quantum210r (ADSC) attached to the beam line
while rotating the crystal in 1.degree. intervals. Lattice constant
determination, diffraction spot indexing, and diffraction data
analysis were performed using programs Xia2 (CCP4 Software Suite),
XDS Package (Walfgang Kabsch), and Scala (CCP4 Software Suite).
Finally, diffraction intensity data up to 2.3 angstrom resolution
was obtained. The crystal belongs to space group P212121 with
lattice constant a=45.40 angstrom, b=79.63 angstrom, c=116.07
angstrom, .alpha.=90.degree., .beta.=90.degree.,
.gamma.=90.degree., and thus is structurally identical to the
crystal prepared in the presence of Ca. (8-8) X-Ray
Crystallographic Measurement of the Fab Fragment Crystal from
Antibody 6RL#9 in the Presence of Ca
[0436] The crystal structure of the antibody 6RL#9 Fab fragment in
the presence of Ca was determined by a molecular replacement method
using the Phaser program (CCP4 Software Suite). The number of
molecules in an asymmetrical unit was estimated to be one from the
size of crystal lattice and molecular weight of the antibody 6RL#9
Fab fragment. Based on the primary sequence homology, a portion of
amino acid positions 112 to 220 from A chain and a portion of amino
acid positions 116 to 218 from B chain in the conformational
coordinate of PDB code 1ZA6 were used as model molecules for
analyzing the CL and CH1 regions. Then, a portion of amino acid
positions 1 to 115 from B chain in the conformational coordinate of
PDB code 1ZA6 was used as a model molecule for analyzing the VH
region. Finally, a portion of amino acid positions 3 to 147 of the
light chain in the conformational coordinate of PDB code 2A9M was
used as a model molecule for analyzing the VL region. Based on this
order, an initial structure model for the antibody 6RL#9 Fab
fragment was obtained by determining from translation and rotation
functions the positions and orientations of the model molecules for
analysis in the crystal lattice. The crystallographic reliability
factor R for the reflection data at 25 to 3.0 angstrom resolution
was 46.9% and Free R was 48.6% after rigid body refinement where
the VH, VL, CH1, and CL domains were each allowed to deviate from
the initial structure model. Then, model refinement was achieved by
repeating structural refinement using program Refmac5 (CCP4
Software Suite) followed by model revision performed using program
Coot (Paul Emsley) with reference to the Fo-Fc and 2Fo-F electron
density maps where the coefficients Fo-Fc and 2Fo-Fc were
calculated using experimentally determined structural factor Fo,
structural factor Fc calculated based on the model, and the phases.
The final refinement was carried out using program Refmac5 (CCP4
Software Suite) based on the Fo-Fc and 2Fo-F electron density maps
by adding water molecule and Ca ion into the model. With 21,020
reflection data at 25 to 2.2 angstrom resolution, eventually the
crystallographic reliability factor R became 20.0% and free R
became 27.9% for the model consisting of 3440 atoms.
(8-9) Measurement of X-Ray Diffraction Data of the Fab Fragment
Crystal from Antibody 6RL#9 in the Absence of Ca
[0437] The crystal structure of the antibody 6RL#9 Fab fragment in
the absence of Ca was determined based on the structure of the
crystal prepared in the presence of Ca. Water and Ca ion molecules
were omitted from the conformational coordinate of the crystal of
the antibody 6RL#9 Fab fragment prepared in the presence of Ca. The
crystallographic reliability factor R for the data of reflection at
25 to 3.0 angstrom resolution was 30.3% and Free R was 31.7% after
the rigid body refinement where the VH, VL, CH1, and CL domains
were each allowed to deviate. Then, model refinement was achieved
by repeating structural refinement using program Refmac5 (CCP4
Software Suite) followed by model revision performed using program
Coot (Paul Emsley) with reference to the Fo-Fc and 2Fo-Fc electron
density maps where the coefficients Fo-Fc and 2Fo-Fc were
calculated using experimentally determined structural factor Fo,
structural factor Fc calculated based on the model, and the phases.
The final refinement was carried out using program Refmac5 (CCP4
Software Suite) based on the Fo-Fc and 2Fo-F electron density maps
by adding water molecule and Ca ion into the model. With 18,357
reflection data at 25 to 2.3 angstrom resolution, eventually the
crystallographic reliability factor R became 20.9% and free R
became 27.7% for the model consisting of 3351 atoms.
(8-10) Comparison of X-Ray Crystallographic Diffraction Data of the
Fab Fragments of Antibody 6RL#9 Between in the Presence and Absence
of Ca
[0438] When the crystallographic structures of the Fab fragments of
antibody 6RL#9 are compared between in the presence and absence of
Ca, significant changes are seen in the heavy chain CDR3. The
structure of the heavy chain CDR3 of the antibody 6RL#9 Fab
fragment determined by X-ray crystallography is shown in FIG. 14.
Specifically, a calcium ion resided at the center of the heavy
chain CDR3 loop region of the antibody 6RL#9 Fab fragment prepared
in the presence of Ca. The calcium ion was assumed to interact with
positions 95, 96, and 100a (Kabat's numbering) of the heavy chain
CDR3. It was believed that the heavy chain CDR3 loop which is
important for the antigen binding was stabilized by calcium binding
in the presence of Ca, and became an optimum structure for antigen
binding. There is no report demonstrating that calcium binds to the
antibody heavy chain CDR3. Thus, the calcium-bound structure of the
antibody heavy chain CDR3 is a novel structure. The heavy chain
CDR3 is known to be most important for antigen binding. The motif
for which calcium ion is required for maintaining the structure of
the heavy chain CDR3, revealed as described in the present Example,
implies that calcium ion plays an important role in antigen
binding. Specifically, it is highly plausible that antibodies with
this motif bind to an antigen in a calcium ion-dependent manner.
For example, when a synthetic library having this motif is
prepared, one can efficiently isolate calcium-dependent binding
antibodies from the library.
Example 9
Preparation of Antibodies that Bind to IL-6 in a Ca-Dependent
Manner from a Human Antibody Library Using Phage Display
Techniques
[0439] (9-1) Construction of a Phage Display Library of Naive Human
Antibodies
[0440] A human antibody phage display library containing multiple
phages that display various human antibody Fab domain sequences was
constructed by a method known to those skilled in the art using, as
a template, polyA RNA prepared from human PBMC, commercially
available human polyA RNA, and such.
(9-2) Preparation of Antibody Fragments that Bind to the Antigen in
a Ca-Dependent Manner from Library by Bead Panning
[0441] Primary selection from the constructed phage display library
of naive human antibodies was carried out by enriching antibody
fragments that have antigen (IL-6)-binding activity. The antigen
used was biotin-labeled IL-6.
[0442] Phages were produced from E. coli carrying the constructed
phagemid for phage display. To precipitate the phages produced by
E. coli, 2.5 M NaC1/10% PEG was added to the E. coli culture
medium. The phage fraction was diluted with TBS to prepare a phage
library solution. Then, BSA and CaCl.sub.2 were added the phage
library solution at final concentrations of 4% and 1.2 mM calcium
ion concentration, respectively. The panning method used was a
conventional panning method using antigen-immobilized magnetic
beads (J. Immunol. Methods. (2008) 332(1-2): 2-9; J. Immunol.
Methods. (2001) 247(1-2): 191-203; Biotechnol. Prog. (2002) 18(2):
212-20; Mol. Cell. Proteomics (2003) 2(2): 61-9). The magnetic
beads used were NeutrAvidin-coated beads (Sera-Mag SpeedBeads
NeutrAvidin-coated) and Streptavidin-coated beads (Dynabeads M-280
Streptavidin).
[0443] Specifically, 250 pmol of the biotin-labeled antigen was
added to the prepared phage library solution. Thus, the solution
was contacted with the antigen at room temperature for 60 minutes.
Magnetic beads blocked with BSA were added, and the antigen-phage
complex was allowed to bind to the magnetic beads at room
temperature for 15 minutes. The beads were washed three times with
1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2/TBST (TBST containing 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2), and
then twice with 1 ml of 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2/TBS (TBS containing 1.2
mM CaCl.sub.2). Thereafter, 0.5 ml of 1 mg/ml trypsin was added to
the beads. After 15 minutes of dispersion at room temperature, the
beads were immediately separated using a magnetic stand to collect
a phage suspension. The prepared phage suspension was added to 10
ml of E. coli of stain TG1 at the logarithmic growth phase
(OD600=0.4 to 0.5). The E. coli was incubated with gentle stirring
at 37.degree. C. for one hour to infect the phages. The infected E.
coli was seeded in a plate (225 mm.times.225 mm). Then, phages were
collected from the culture medium of the seeded E. coli to prepare
a phage library solution.
[0444] In the second round and subsequent panning, phages were
enriched using the Ca-dependent binding activity as an indicator.
Specifically, 40 pmol of the biotin-labeled antigen was added to
the prepared phage library solution. Thus, the phage library was
contacted with the antigen at room temperature for 60 minutes.
Magnetic beads blocked with BSA were added, and the antigen-phage
complex was allowed to bind to the magnetic beads at room
temperature for 15 minutes. The beads were washed with 1 ml of 1.2
mM CaCl.sub.2/TBST and 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2/TBS. Next, 0.1 ml of 2 mM
EDTA/TBS was added to the beads. After dispersion at room
temperature, the beads were immediately separated using a magnetic
stand to collect a phage suspension. The pIII protein (helper
phage-derived protein pIII) was cleaved from phages that did not
display Fab by adding 5 .mu.l of 100 mg/ml trypsin to the collected
phage suspension to eliminate the ability of phages displaying no
Fab to infect E. coli. Phages collected from the trypsinized liquid
phage stock was added to 10 ml of E. coli cells of the TG1 strain
at the logarithmic growth phase (OD600=0.4 to 0.7). The E. coli was
incubated while gently stirring at 37.degree. C. for one hour to
infect phage. The infected E. coli was seeded in a plate (225
mm.times.225 mm). Then, phages were collected from the culture
medium of the seeded E. coli to prepare a liquid stock of phage
library. Panning was performed three times using the Ca-dependent
binding activity as an indicator.
(9-3) Assessment by Phage ELISA
[0445] Culture supernatants containing phages were collected from
single colonies of E. coli obtained by the method described above
according to a conventional method (Methods Mol. Biol. (2002) 178,
133-145). BSA and CaCl.sub.2 were added at final concentrations of
4% and 1.2 mM calcium ion concentration, respectively, to the
phage-containing culture supernatants. The supernatants were
subjected to ELISA by the following procedure. A StreptaWell
96-well microtiter plate (Roche) was coated overnight with 100
.mu.l of PBS containing the biotin-labeled antigen. The antigen was
removed by washing each well of the plate with PBST. Then, the
wells were blocked with 250 .mu.l of 4% BSA-TBS for one hour or
more. After removal of 4% BSA-TBS, the prepared culture
supernatants were added to the each well. The plate was incubated
at 37.degree. C. for one hour so that the antibody-displaying
phages were allowed to bind to the antigen on each well. After each
well was washed with 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2/TBST, 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2/TBS
or 1 mM EDTA/TBS was added. The plate was left for incubation at
37.degree. C. for 30 minutes. After washing with 1.2 mM
CaCl.sub.2/TBST, an HRP-conjugated anti-M13 antibody (Amersham
Pharmacia Biotech) diluted with TBS containing BSA and calcium ion
at final concentrations of 4% and 1.2 mM calcium ion concentration
was added to each well, and the plate was incubated for one hour.
After washing with 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2/TBST, the TMB single solution
(ZYMED) was added to each well. The chromogenic reaction in the
solution of each well was stopped by adding sulfuric acid. Then,
the developed color was assessed by measuring absorbance at 450
nm.
[0446] From the 96 clones isolated, antibodies 6KC4-1#85,
6LC4-1#15, and 6LC4-2#16 having Ca-dependent IL-6-binding activity
were obtained by phage ELISA. Using antibody fragments that were
predicted to have a Ca-dependent antigen-binding activity based on
the result of the phage ELISA described above as a template, genes
were amplified with specific primers and their sequences were
analyzed. The heavy-chain and light-chain variable region sequences
of antibody 6KC4-1#85 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 25 and 26,
respectively. The polynucleotide encoding the heavy-chain variable
region of antibody 6KC4-1#85 (SEQ ID NO: 25) was linked to a
polynucleotide encoding an IgG1-derived sequence (SEQ ID NO: 65) by
PCR method. The resulting DNA fragment was inserted into an animal
cell expression vector to construct an expression vector for the
heavy chain of SEQ ID NO: 27. A polynucleotide encoding the
light-chain variable region of antibody 6KC4-1#85 (SEQ ID NO: 26)
was linked to a polynucleotide encoding the constant region of the
natural Kappa chain (SEQ ID NO: 28) by PCR. A DNA fragment encoding
the linked sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 29 was inserted into an
animal cell expression vector. Using the same method, antibody
6LC4-1#15 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 68; light chain SEQ ID NO: 69)
and antibody 6LC4-2#16 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 70; light chain SEQ
ID NO: 71) were also inserted into cell expression vectors.
Sequences of the constructed variants were confirmed by a method
known to those skilled in the art.
(9-4) Expression and Purification of Antibodies
[0447] Clones that were predicted to have a Ca-dependent
antigen-binding activity based on the result of phage ELISA were
inserted into animal cell expression plasmids. Antibody expression
was carried out by the following method. Cells of human fetal
kidney cell-derived FreeStyle 293-F (Invitrogen) were suspended in
the FreeStyle 293 Expression Medium (Invitrogen), and plated at a
cell density of 1.33.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml (3 ml) into each well
of a 6-well plate. The prepared plasmids were introduced into cells
by a lipofection method. The cells were cultured for four days in a
CO.sub.2 incubator (37.degree. C., 8% CO.sub.2, 90 rpm). From the
culture supernatants, antibodies were purified using the rProtein A
Sepharose.TM. Fast Flow (Amersham Biosciences) by a method known to
those skilled in the art. Absorbance at 280 nm of the purified
antibody solutions was measured using a spectrophotometer. Antibody
concentrations were calculated from the determined values using an
extinction coefficient calculated by the PACE method (Protein
Science (1995) 4: 2411-2423).
(9-5) Binding Assay of Calcium-Dependent Anti-IL6 Antibodies
[0448] Using Biacore T100 (GE Healthcare), the prepared antibodies
were assessed for their binding activity (dissociation constant
K.sub.D (M)) to human interleukin 6 (hIL6) at pH 7.4. The
measurement was carried out using as a running buffer 0.05%
Tween20, 10 mmol/l ACES, 150 mmol/l NaCl (pH 7.4) containing 3
.mu.M or 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2.
[0449] After an adequate amount of recombinant Protein A/G (Thermo
Scientific) was immobilized onto Sensor chip CM5 (GE Healthcare) by
an amino coupling method, antibodies were allowed to bind thereto.
An appropriate concentration of hIL6 (human interleukin 6; Kamakura
Techno-Science, Inc.) was injected as an analyte to interact with
antibodies on the sensor chip. Then, the sensor chip was
regenerated by injecting 10 mmol/l glycine-HCl (pH 1.5). The
measurement was carried out at 37.degree. C. The sensorgram
resulting from the measurement is shown in FIG. 15. The result
demonstrates that antibodies 6LC4-1#15-IgG1, 6LC4-2#16-IgG1, and
6KC4-1#85-IgG1 had weaker hIL6 binding under the condition of 3
.mu.M Ca.sup.2+ concentration than at 1.2 mM. The finding described
above suggests that this method is applicable to other antigens
since the property of calcium-dependent antigen binding was proven
for IL-6 as well as for IL-6R demonstrated in Example 3.
Example 10
Assessment of Antibody 6KC4-1#85 for Calcium Ion Binding
(10-1) Assessment of Antibody 6KC4-1#85 for Calcium Ion Binding
[0450] Calcium-dependent antigen-binding antibody 6KC4-1#85 which
was isolated from a human antibody library was assessed for its
calcium binding. Whether the measured Tm value varies depending on
the ionized calcium concentration condition was assessed by the
method described in Example 4.
[0451] Tm values for the Fab domain of antibody 6KC4-1#85 are shown
in Table 11. As shown in Table 11, the Tm value of the 6KC4-1#85
antibody Fab domain varied depending on the calcium ion
concentration. This demonstrates that antibody 6KC4-1#85 binds to
calcium.
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 11 CALCIUM ION CONCENTRATION .DELTA.
Tm[.degree. C.] ANTIBODY 3 .mu.M 2 mM 2 mM - 3 .mu.M 6KC4-1#85
71.49 75.39 3.9
(10-2) Identification of Calcium Ion-Binding Site in Antibody
6KC4-1#85
[0452] As demonstrated in (10-1) of Example 10, antibody 6KC4-1#85
binds to calcium ion. However, 6KC4-1#85m does not have a
calcium-binding motif such as the hVk5-2 sequence described below.
Thus, to identify residues responsible for the calcium ion binding
of antibody 6KC4-1#85, altered heavy chains (6_H1-11 (SEQ ID NO:
30), 6_H1-12 (SEQ ID NO: 31), 6_H1-13 (SEQ ID NO: 32), 6_H1-14 (SEQ
ID NO: 33), 6_H1-15 (SEQ ID NO: 34)) and altered light chains
(6_L1-5 (SEQ ID NO: 35) and 6_L1-6 (SEQ ID NO: 36)) were
constructed by substituting an Asp (D) residue in the CDR of
antibody 6KC4-1#85 with an Ala (A) residue which does not
participate in the binding or chelation of calcium ion. By the
method described in Example 2, altered antibodies were purified
from the culture supernatants of animal cells introduced with
expression vectors carrying the altered antibody genes. The
purified altered antibodies were assessed for their calcium binding
by the method described in Example 4. The measurement result is
shown in Table 12.
TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 12 CALCIUM ION CONCENTRATION .DELTA. Tm
(.degree. C.) HEAVY CHAIN LIGHT CHAIN ALTERED RESIDUE 3 .mu.M 2 mM
2 mM - 3 .mu.M 6KC4-1#85 6KC4-1#85 WILD-TYPE 71.49 75.39 3.9 6H1-11
6KC4-1#85 H CHAIN 71.73 75.56 3.83 POSITION 61 (Kabat NUMBERING)
6H1-12 6KC4-1#85 H CHAIN 72.9 73.43 0.53 POSITION 95 (Kabat
NUMBERING) 6H1-13 6KC4-1#85 H CHAIN 70.94 76.25 5.31 POSITION 100 a
(Kabat NUMBERING) 6H1-14 6KC4-1#85 H CHAIN 73.95 75.14 1.19
POSITION 100 g (Kabat NUMBERING) 6H1-15 6KC4-1#85 H CHAIN 65.37
66.25 0.87 POSITION 101 (Kabat NUMBERING) 6KC4-1#85 6L1-5 L CHAIN
71.92 76.08 4.16 POSITION 50 (Kabat NUMBERING) 6KC4-1#85 6L1-6 L
CHAIN 72.13 78.74 6.61 POSITION 92 (Kabat NUMBERING)
[0453] As shown in Table 12, substitution of an Ala residue for the
residue at position 95 or 101 (Kabat's numbering) in the heavy
chain CDR3 of antibody 6KC4-1#85 resulted in loss of the
calcium-binding activity of antibody 6KC4-1#85. This suggests that
these residues are responsible for calcium binding. It was
demonstrated that the calcium-binding motif around the base of the
loop of the heavy chain CDR3 in antibody 6KC4-1#85, which was
identified based on the calcium-binding activity of antibodies
altered from antibody 6KC4-1#85, could also be used as a
calcium-binding motif in the antigen-binding domain of an
antigen-binding molecule of the present invention. Like the motif
revealed as described in Example 8, this calcium-binding motif is
located in the heavy chain CDR3. Thus, likewise, for example, when
a synthetic library having this motif is constructed,
calcium-dependent binding antibodies can be efficiently isolated
from the library.
Example 11
Search for Human Germline Sequences that Bind to Calcium Ion
(11-1) Isolation of Human Germline Sequences
[0454] Calcium ion-binding antibodies containing human germline
sequences have not been reported. Thus, the germline sequences of
antibodies having human germline sequences were cloned using as a
template cDNA prepared from Human Fetal Spleen Poly RNA (Clontech)
to assess whether antibodies having human germline sequences bind
to calcium ion. Cloned DNA fragments were inserted into animal cell
expression vectors. The nucleotide sequences of the constructed
expression vectors were determined by a method known to those
skilled in the art. The SEQ IDs are shown in Table 13. By PCR,
polynucleotides encoding SEQ ID NO: 37 (Vk1), SEQ ID NO: 38 (Vk2),
SEQ ID NO: 39 (Vk3), SEQ ID NO: 40 (Vk4), and SEQ ID NO: 41 (Vk5)
were linked to a polynucleotide encoding the natural Kappa chain
constant region (SEQ ID NO: 28). The linked DNA fragments were
inserted into animal cell expression vectors. Furthermore,
polynucleotides encoding SEQ ID NO: 42 (Vk1), SEQ ID NO: 43 (Vk2),
SEQ ID NO: 44 (Vk3), SEQ ID NO: 45 (Vk4), and SEQ ID NO: 46 (Vk5)
were linked by PCR to a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide (SEQ
ID NO: 65) having a deletion of two amino acids at the C terminus
of IgG1. The resulting DNA fragments were inserted into animal cell
expression vectors. The sequences of the constructed variants were
confirmed by a method known to those skilled in the art.
TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 13 LIGHT CHAIN HEAVY CHAIN LIGHT CHAIN
GERMLINE VARIABLE REGION VARIABLE REGION SEQUENCE SEQ ID NO SEQ ID
NO Vk1 42 37 Vk2 43 38 Vk3 44 39 Vk4 45 40 Vk5 46 41
(11-2) Expression and Purification of Antibodies
[0455] The constructed animal cell expression vectors inserted with
the DNA fragments having the five types of human germ-line
sequences were introduced into animal cells. Antibody expression
was carried out by the following method. Cells of human fetal
kidney cell-derived FreeStyle 293-F (Invitrogen) were suspended in
the FreeStyle 293 Expression Medium (Invitrogen), and plated at a
cell density of 1.33.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml (3 ml) into each well
of a 6-well plate. The prepared plasmids were introduced into cells
by a lipofection method. The cells were cultured for four days in a
CO.sub.2 incubator (37.degree. C., 8% CO.sub.2, 90 rpm). From the
culture supernatants prepared as described above, antibodies were
purified using the rProtein A Sepharose.TM. Fast Flow (Amersham
Biosciences) by a method known to those skilled in the art.
Absorbance at 280 nm of the purified antibody solutions was
measured using a spectrophotometer. Antibody concentrations were
calculated from the determined values using an extinction
coefficient calculated by the PACE method (Protein Science (1995)
4: 2411-2423).
(11-3) Assessment of Antibodies Having Human Germ-Line Sequences
for their Calcium Ion-Binding Activity
[0456] The purified antibodies were assessed for their calcium
ion-binding activity. The purified antibodies were dialyzed
(EasySEP, TOMY) against a solution containing 20 mM Tris-HCl, 150
mM NaCl, and 2 mM CaCl.sub.2 (pH 7.4), or 20 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM
NaCl, and 3 .mu.M CaCl.sub.2 (pH 7.4). The antibody solutions as a
test substance were adjusted to 0.1 mg/ml using the same solution
used for dialysis, and DSC measurement was carried out at a rate of
temperature increase of 240.degree. C./hr from 20 to 115.degree. C.
Based on the obtained DSC denaturation curves, the midpoint
temperature of thermal denaturation (Tm value) was calculated for
the Fab domain of each antibody. The Tm values are shown in Table
14.
TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 14 LIGHT CHAIN CALCIUM ION GERMLINE
CONCENTRATION .DELTA. Tm (.degree. C.) SEQUENCE 3 .mu.M 2 mM 2 mM -
3 .mu.M Vk1 80.32 80.78 0.46 Vk2 80.67 80.61 -0.06 Vk3 81.64 81.36
-0.28 Vk4 70.74 70.74 0 Vk5 71.52 74.17 2.65
[0457] The result showed that the Tm values of the Fab domains of
antibodies having the hVk1, hVk2, hVk3, or hVk4 sequence did not
vary depending on the calcium ion concentration in the Fab
domain-containing solutions. Meanwhile, the Tm value for the
antibody Fab domain having the hVk5 sequence varied depending on
the calcium ion concentration in the Fab domain-containing
solution. This demonstrates that the hVkS sequence binds to calcium
ion.
Example 12
Assessment of the Human Vk5 (hVk5) Sequence
[0458] (12-1) hVk5 Sequence
[0459] The only hVk5 sequence registered in Kabat's database is
hVk5-2 sequence. Hereinafter, hVk5 and hVk5-2 are used
synonymously.
(12-2) Construction, Expression, and Purification of a
Non-Glycosylated Form of the hVk5-2 Sequence
[0460] The hVk5-2 sequence has a sequence for N glycosylation at
position 20 amino acid (Kabat's numbering). Sugar chains attached
to proteins exhibit heterogeneity. Thus, it is desirable to lose
the glycosylation from the viewpoint of substance homogeneity. In
this context, variant hVk5-2_L65 (SEQ ID NO: 47) in which the Asn
(N) residue at position 20 (Kabat's numbering) is substituted with
Thr (T) was constructed. Amino acid substitution was carried out by
a method known to those skilled in the art using the QuikChange
Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene). A DNA encoding the
variant hVk5-2_L65 was inserted into an animal expression vector.
The animal expression vector inserted with the constructed DNA
encoding variant hVk5-2_L65, in combination with an animal
expression vector having an insert to express CIM_H (SEQ ID NO: 48)
as a heavy chain, was introduced into animal cells by the method
described in Example 2. The antibody comprising hVk5-2_L65 and
CIM_H, which was expressed in animal cells introduced with the
vectors, was purified by the method described in Example 2.
(12-3) Assessment of the Antibody Having the Non-Glycosylated
hVk5-2 Sequence for Physical Properties
[0461] The isolated antibody having the modified sequence
hVk5-2_L65 was analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography to test
whether it is less heterogeneous than the antibody having the
original sequence hVk5-2 before modification. The procedure of
ion-exchange chromatography is shown in Table 15. The analysis
result showed that hVk5-2_L65 modified at the glycosylation site
was less heterogeneous than the original sequence hVk5-2, as shown
in FIG. 16.
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 15 CONDITION COLUMN TOSOH TSKgel DEAE-NPR
MOBILE PHASE A; 10 mM Tris-HCl, 3 .mu.M CaCl.sub.2(pH 8.0) B; 10 mM
Tris-HCl, 500 mM NaCl, 3 .mu.M CaCl.sub.2(pH 8.0) GRADIENT SCHEDULE
% B = 0 - (5min) - 0 - 2%/1 min COLUMN TEMPERATURE 40.degree. C.
DETECTION 280 nm INJECTION VOLUME 100 .mu.L (5 .mu.g)
[0462] Next, whether the less-heterogeneous hVk5-2_L65
sequence-comprising antibody binds to calcium ion was assessed by
the method described in Example 4. The result showed that the Tm
value for the Fab domain of the antibody having hVk5-2_L65 with
altered glycosylation site also varied depending on the calcium ion
concentration in the antibody solutions, as shown in Table 16.
Specifically, it was demonstrated that the Fab domain of the
antibody having hVk5-2_L65 with altered glycosylation site binds to
calcium ion.
TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 16 GLY- CALCIUM ION LIGHT COSYLATED
CONCENTRATION .DELTA. Tm (.degree. C.) CHAIN SEQUENCE 3 .mu.M 2 mM
2 mM - 3 .mu.M hVk5-2 YES 71.52 74.17 2.65 hVk5-2_L65 NO 71.51
73.66 2.15
Example 13
Assessment of the Calcium Ion-Binding Activity of Antibody
Molecules Having CDR Sequence of the hVk5-2 Sequence
[0463] (13-1) Construction, Expression, and Purification of
Modified Antibodies Having a CDR Sequence from the hVk5-2
Sequence
[0464] The hVk5-2_L65 sequence is a sequence with altered amino
acids at a glycosylation site in the framework of human Vk5-2
sequence. As described in Example 12, it was demonstrated that
calcium ion bound even after alteration of the glycosylation site.
Meanwhile, from the viewpoint of immunogenicity, it is generally
desirable that the framework sequence is a germ-line sequence.
Thus, the present inventors assessed whether an antibody framework
sequence could be substituted with the framework sequence of a
non-glycosylated germline sequence while maintaining the calcium
ion-binding activity of the antibody.
[0465] Polynucleotides encoding chemically synthesized sequences
which comprise an altered framework sequence of the hVk5-2
sequence, hVk1, hVk2, hVk3, or hVk4 (CaVk1 (SEQ ID NO: 49), CaVk2
(SEQ ID NO: 50), CaVk3 (SEQ ID NO: 51), or CaVk4 (SEQ ID NO: 52),
respectively) were linked by PCR to a polynucleotide encoding the
constant region (SEQ ID NO: 28) of the natural Kappa chain. The
linked DNA fragments were inserted into animal cell expression
vectors. Sequences of the constructed variants were confirmed by a
method known to those skilled in the art. Each plasmid constructed
as described above was introduced into animal cells in combination
with a plasmid inserted with a polynucleotide encoding CIM_H (SEQ
ID NO: 48) by the method described in Example 2. The expressed
antibody molecules of interest were purified from culture media of
the animal cells introduced with the plasmids.
(13-2) Assessment of Altered Antibodies Having the CDR Sequence of
the hVk5-2 Sequence for Their Calcium Ion-Binding Activity
[0466] Whether calcium ion binds to altered antibodies having the
CDR sequence of the hVk5-2 sequence and the framework sequences of
germline sequences other than hVk5-2 (hVk1, hVk2, hVk3, and hVk4)
was assessed by the method described in Example 4. The assessment
result is shown in Table 17. The Tm value of the Fab domain of each
altered antibody was revealed to vary depending on the calcium ion
concentration in the antibody solutions. This demonstrates that
antibodies having a framework sequence other than the framework
sequences of the hVk5-2 sequence also bind to calcium ion.
Specifically, it was demonstrated that the motif in the CDR
sequence of the hVk5-2 sequence is responsible for the calcium ion
binding while the framework can be any framework sequence.
TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 17 GERMLINE (LIGHT CHAIN CALCIUM ION FRAMEWORK
CONCENTRATION .DELTA. Tm (.degree. C.) SEQUENCE) 3 .mu.M 2 mM 2 mM
- 3 .mu.M hVk1 77.51 79.79 2.28 hVk2 78.46 80.37 1.91 hVk3 77.27
79.54 2.27 hVk4 80.35 81.38 1.03 hVk5-2 71.52 74.17 2.65
[0467] The thermal denaturation temperature (Tm value), as an
indicator of thermal stability, of the Fab domain of each antibody
altered to have the CDR sequence of the hVk5-2 sequence and the
framework sequence of a germ-line sequence other than the hVk5-2
sequence (hVk1, hVk2, hVk3, or hVk4) was demonstrated to be greater
than that of the Fab domain of the original antibody having the
hVk5-2 sequence. This result shows that antibodies having the CDR
sequence of the hVk5-2 sequence and the framework sequence of hVk1,
hVk2, hVk3, or hVk4 not only have calcium ion-binding activity but
also are excellent molecules from the viewpoint of thermal
stability.
Example 14
Identification of the Calcium Ion-Binding Site in Human Germline
hVk5-2 Sequence
[0468] (14-1) Design of Mutation Site in the CDR Sequence of the
hVk5-2 Sequence
[0469] As described in Example 13, antibodies having the light
chain resulting from introduction of the CDR domain of the hVk5-2
sequence into the framework sequence of a different germline
sequence were also demonstrated to bind to calcium ion. This result
suggests that in hVk5-2a calcium ion-binding site is localized
within its CDR. Amino acids that bind to calcium ion, i.e., chelate
calcium ion, include negatively charged amino acids and amino acids
that can be a hydrogen bond acceptor. Thus, it was tested whether
antibodies having a mutant hVk5-2 sequence with a substitution of
an Ala (A) residue for an Asp (D) or Glu (E) residue in the CDR
sequence of the hVk5-2 sequence bind to calcium ion.
(14-2) Construction of Variant hVk5-2 Sequences with Ala
Substitution, and Expression and Purification of Antibodies
[0470] Antibody molecules were prepared to comprise a light chain
with substitution of an Ala residue for Asp and/or Glu residue in
the CDR sequence of the hVk5-2 sequence. As described in Example
12, non-glycosylated variant hVk5-2_L65 exhibited calcium ion
binding and was assumed to be equivalent to the hVk5-2 sequence in
terms of calcium ion binding. In this Example, amino acid
substitutions were introduced into hVk5-2_L65 as a template
sequence. Constructed variants are shown in Table 18. Amino acid
substitutions were carried out by methods known to those skilled in
the art such as using the QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit
(Stratagene), PCR, or the In fusion Advantage PCR Cloning Kit
(TAKARA) to construct expression vectors for altered light chains
having an amino acid substitution.
[Table 18]
TABLE-US-00024 [0471] LIGHT CHAIN ALTERED POSITION VARIANT NAME
(Kabat's NUMBERING) SEQ ID NO hVk5-2_L65 WILDTYPE 47 hVk5-2_L66 30
53 hVk5-2_L67 31 54 hVk5-2_L68 32 55 hVk5-2_L69 50 56 hVk5-2_L70
30, 32 57 hVk5-2_L71 30, 50 58 hVk5-2_L72 30, 32, 50 59 hVk5-2_L73
92 60
[0472] Nucleotide sequences of the constructed expression vectors
were confirmed by a method known to those skilled in the art. The
expression vectors constructed for the altered light chains were
transiently introduced, in combination with an expression vector
for the heavy chain CIM_H (SEQ ID NO: 48), into cells of the human
fetal kidney cell-derived HEK293H line (Invitrogen) or FreeStyle293
(Invitrogen) to express antibodies. From the obtained culture
supernatants, antibodies were purified using the rProtein A
Sepharose.TM. Fast Flow (GE Healthcare) by a method known to those
skilled in the art. Absorbance at 280 nm of the purified antibody
solutions was measured using a spectrophotometer. Antibody
concentrations were calculated from the determined values using an
extinction coefficient calculated by the PACE method (Protein
Science (1995) 4: 2411-2423).
(14-3) Assessment of the Calcium Ion-Binding Activity of Antibodies
Having an Ala Substitution in the hVk5-2 Sequence
[0473] Whether the obtained purified antibodies bind to calcium ion
was tested. Specifically, the purified antibodies were dialyzed
(EasySEP, TOMY) against 20 mM Tris-HC1/150 mM NaC1/2 mM CaCl.sub.2
(pH 7.5) solution or 20 mM Tris-HC1/150 mM NaCl (pH 7.5) solution
(in Table 19, indicated as 0 .mu.M calcium ion concentration). DSC
measurement was carried out at a rate of temperature increase of
240.degree. C./hr from 20 to 115.degree. C. using antibody
solutions prepared at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL by the same
solution used for dialysis. Based on the obtained DSC denaturation
curves, the intermediate temperature of thermal denaturation (Tm
value) was calculated for the Fab domain of each antibody as shown
in Table 19. Some antibodies having substitution of an Asp or Glu
residue in the CDR sequence of the hVk5-2 sequence with an Ala
residue which cannot be involved in calcium ion binding or
chelation were revealed to have an Fab domain whose Tm did not vary
by the calcium ion concentration in the antibody solutions. The
substitution sites at which Ala substitution did not alter the Tm
(positions 32 and 92 (Kabat's numbering)) were demonstrated to be
greatly important for the calcium ion-antibody binding.
TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 19 LIGHT ALTERED CHAIN POSITION CALCIUM ION
VARIANT (Kabat's CONCENTRATION .DELTA. Tm (.degree. C.) NAME
NUMBERING) 0 .mu.M 2 mM 2 mM - 0 .mu.M hVk5-2_L65 WILDTYPE 71.71
73.69 1.98 hVk5-2_L66 30 71.65 72.83 1.18 hVk5-2_L67 31 71.52 73.30
1.78 hVk5-2_L68 32 73.25 74.03 0.78 hVk5-2_L69 50 72.00 73.97 1.97
hVk5-2_L70 30, 32 73.42 73.60 0.18 hVk5-2_L71 30, 50 71.84 72.57
0.73 hVk5-2_L72 30, 32, 50 75.04 75.17 0.13 hVk5-2_L73 92 75.23
75.04 -0.19
Example 15
Assessment of the Calcium Ion-Binding Activity of Antibodies Having
hVk1 Sequence with Calcium Ion-Binding Motif
[0474] (15-1) Construction of an hVk1 Sequence with Calcium
Ion-Binding Motif, and Expression and Purification of
Antibodies
[0475] The result described in Example 14 on the calcium-binding
activity of the Ala substitute demonstrates that Asp or Glu
residues in the CDR sequence of the hVk5-2 sequence were important
for calcium binding. Thus, the present inventors assessed whether
an antibody can bind to calcium ion when the residues at positions
30, 31, 32, 50, and 92 (Kabat's numbering) alone were introduced
into a different germline variable region sequence. Specifically,
variant LfVk1_Ca (SEQ ID NO: 61) was constructed by substituting
the residues at positions 30, 31, 32, 50, and 92 (Kabat's
numbering) in the hVk5-2 sequence for the residues at positions 30,
31, 32, 50, and 92 (Kabat's numbering) in the hVk1 sequence (a
human germline sequence). Specifically, it was tested whether
antibodies having an hVk1 sequence introduced with only 5 residues
from the hVk5-2 sequence can bind to calcium. The variants were
produced by the same method as described in Example 2. The
resulting light chain variant LfVk1_Ca and LfVk1 having the
light-chain hVk1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 62) were co-expressed with
the heavy chain CIM_H (SEQ ID NO: 48). Antibodies were expressed
and purified by the same method as described in Example 14.
(15-2) Assessment of the Calcium Ion-Binding Activity of Antibodies
Having a Human hVk1 Sequence with Calcium Ion-Binding Motif
[0476] Whether the purified antibody prepared as described above
binds to calcium ion was assessed by the method described in
Example 4. The result is shown in Table 20. The Tm value of the Fab
domain of the antibody having LfVk1 with an hVk1 sequence did not
vary depending on the calcium concentration in the antibody
solutions. Meanwhile, Tm of the antibody having the LfVk1_Ca
sequence was shifted by 1.degree. C. or more upon change in the
calcium concentration in the antibody solutions. Thus, it was shown
that the antibody having LfVk1_Ca binds to calcium. The result
described above demonstrates that the entire CDR sequence of hVk5-2
is not required, while the residues introduced for construction of
the LfVk1_Ca sequence alone are sufficient for calcium ion
binding.
TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 20 LIGHT CALCIUM ION CHAIN CONCENTRATION
.DELTA. Tm (.degree. C.) VARIANT 3 .mu.M 2 mM 2 mM - 3 .mu.M LfVk1
83.18 83.81 0.63 LfVk1_Ca 79.83 82.24 2.41
(15-3) Construction, Expression, and Purification of
Degradation-Resistant LfVk1_Ca Sequence
[0477] As described in (15-2) of Example 15, variant LfVk1_Ca (SEQ
ID NO: 61) was constructed to have substitution of residues at
positions 30, 31, 32, 50, and 92 (Kabat's numbering) in the hVk5-2
sequence for residues at positions 30, 31, 32, 50, and 92 (Kabat's
numbering) in the hVk1 sequence (a human germline sequence). The
variant was demonstrated to bind to calcium ion. Thus, one can
consider Ca-dependent antibodies (Ca-binding antibodies) having the
LfVk1_Ca sequence. However, since the LfVk1_Ca sequence is a novel
sequence, its storage stability as pharmaceuticals is unclear.
Thus, applicability of the LfVk1_Ca sequence as pharmaceuticals
remains to be clarified. In this context, the stability of LfVk1_Ca
was assessed by a thermal acceleration test. An antibody having
LfVk1_Ca as an L chain was dialyzed against a solution of 20 mM
histidine-HCl/150 mM NaCl (pH 6.0) overnight at 4.degree. C. The
dialyzed antibody concentration was adjusted to 0.5 mg/ml, and
stored at 5.degree. C. or 50.degree. C. for three days. After
storage, each antibody was subjected to ion-exchange chromatography
by the method described in Example 12. The result demonstrated that
LfVk1_Ca was significantly degraded during three days of storage at
50.degree. C., as shown in FIG. 17. The LfVk1_Ca sequence has Asp
at positions 30, 31, and 32 (Kabat's numbering) and thus its CDR1
sequence contains an Asp-Asp sequence which has been reported to be
degraded under acidic conditions (J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. (2008)
47(1): 23-30). This suggests that amino acids at positions 30, 31,
and 32 (Kabat's numbering) are a possible degradation site. Then,
to avoid degradation of LfVk1_Ca, variants LfVk1_Ca1 (SEQ ID NO:
72), LfVk1_Ca2 (SEQ ID NO: 73), and LfVk1_Ca3 (SEQ ID NO: 74) were
constructed to have substitution of Ala (A) residues for the three
Asp (D) residues that are possibly sensitive to degradation Amino
acid substitution was carried out by a method known to those
skilled in the art using the QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Kit (Stratagene). DNAs encoding the variants were inserted into
animal expression vectors. In combination with an animal expression
vector having an insert to express GC H (SEQ ID NO: 102) as the
heavy chain, the constructed animal expression vectors carrying DNA
inserts for the variants were introduced into animal cells by the
method described in Example 14. The antibodies expressed in the
animal cells introduced with the vectors were purified by the
method described in Example 14.
(15-4) Stability Assessment of Antibodies Having the
Degradation-Resistant LfVk1_Ca Sequence
[0478] Whether the antibodies prepared as described in (15-3) of
Example 15 were more resistant to degradation in solutions at pH
6.0 than the original antibodies having the LfVk1_Ca sequence
provided for modification was assessed by comparing the
heterogeneity between respective antibodies after thermal
acceleration. In the same manner as described above, antibodies
were stored at 5.degree. C. or 50.degree. C. for three days. Each
antibody after storage was subjected to ion-exchange chromatography
using the method described in Example 12. As shown in FIG. 17, the
analysis result demonstrates that LfVk1_Ca1 with an alteration at
position 30 (Kabat's numbering) was less heterogeneous and much
more resistant to degradation from thermal acceleration than the
original LfVk1_Ca sequence. Specifically, it was demonstrated that
degradation occurred at the Asp (D) residue of position 30 in the
LfVk1_Ca sequence but it could be prevented by amino acid
alteration.
(15-5) Construction of a Light Chain LfVk1_Ca Sequence Resistant to
Degradation at the Asp Residue of Position 30, and Expression and
Purification of Antibodies
[0479] The result described in (15-4) of Example 15 on the
degradation resistance of the Ala-substituted form demonstrates
that under acidic conditions the LfVk1_Ca sequence was degraded at
the Asp (D) residue of position 30 (Kabat's numbering) in its CDR
sequence and the degradation could be prevented in the case
substitution of a different amino acid (in (15-4), by substituting
an Ala (A) residue) for the Asp (D) residue at position 30 (Kabat's
numbering). Then, the present inventors tested whether even a
sequence with a substitution of Ser (S), a residue capable of
chelating calcium ion, for the residue at position 30 (Kabat's
numbering) (referred to as LfVk1_Ca6; SEQ ID NO: 75) was resistant
to degradation while maintaining the calcium-binding activity.
Variants were prepared by the same method as described in Example
14. The altered light chains LfVk1_Ca6 and LfVk1_Ca sequences were
expressed in combination with a heavy chain GC_H (SEQ ID NO: 102).
Antibodies were expressed and purified by the same method as
described in Example 14.
(15-6) Assessment of a Light Chain LfVk1_Ca Sequence Resistant to
Degradation at Asp Residue at Position 30
[0480] Purified antibodies prepared as described above were
assessed for their storage stability under acidic conditions by the
method described in (15-4) of Example 15. The result demonstrates
that antibodies having the LfVk1_Ca6 sequence are more resistant to
degradation than those having the original LfVk1_Ca sequence, as
shown in FIG. 18.
[0481] Then, whether antibodies having the LfVk1_Ca sequence and
antibodies having the LfVk1_Ca6 sequence bind to calcium ion was
tested by the method described in Example 15. The result is shown
in Table 21. The Tm values of the Fab domains of antibodies having
LfVk1_Ca sequence and antibodies having the degradation-resistant
LfVk1_Ca6 sequence were shifted by 1.degree. C. or more upon change
in the calcium concentration in antibody solutions.
TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 21 LIGHT CALCIUM ION CHAIN CONCENTRATION
.DELTA. Tm (.degree. C.) VARIANT 3 .mu.M 2 mM 2 mM - 3 .mu.M
LfVk1_Ca 78.45 80.06 1.61 LfVk1_Ca6 78.44 79.74 1.30
[0482] Taking the stability into consideration, the result
described above demonstrates that it is important for the calcium
ion binding of antibodies that the amino acid at position 30 was an
amino acid capable of interacting with calcium ion (Asn, Glu, Gln,
Ser, Thr, His, Tyr, etc.) other than Asp, and all or some of the
amino acids at positions 31, 32, 50, and 92 (Kabat's numbering) in
the sequence were the same as hVk5-2 or amino acids capable of
interacting with calcium (Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Ser, Thr, His, Tyr,
etc.). For example, when a synthetic library is constructed to have
such a motif, calcium-dependent binding antibodies can be
efficiently isolated from the library.
Example 16
NMR Assessment of the Calcium Ion-Binding Activity of Antibodies
Having the Human hVk1 Sequence with a Calcium Ion-Binding Motif
(16-1) Expression and Purification of Antibodies
[0483] An antibody having LfVk1_Ca and an antibody having LfVk1
were expressed and purified for NMR measurements. Specifically,
animal expression plasmids for an antibody having LfVk1_Ca were
constructed to be capable of expressing its heavy chain (SEQ ID NO:
13) and light chain (SEQ ID NO: 61), and they were introduced
transiently into animal cells. Furthermore, animal expression
plasmids for an antibody having LfVk1 were constructed to be
capable of expressing its heavy chain (SEQ ID NO: 13) and light
chain (SEQ ID NO: 62), and they were introduced transiently into
animal cells. Labeled amino acids were added to 100 ml of cell
suspensions prepared by suspending human fetal kidney cell-derived
FreeStyle 293-F (Invitrogen) at a final cell density of
1.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml in the FreeStyle 293 Expression Medium
(Invitrogen). Specifically, a solution of L-aspartic
acid-.sup.13C.sub.4, .sup.15N (10 mg), L-glutamic
acid-.sup.13C.sub.5, .sup.15N (2.5 mg), L-glutamine-.sup.13C.sub.5,
.sup.15N.sub.2 (60 mg), L-asparagine-.sup.13C.sub.4,
.sup.15N.sub.2.H.sub.2O (2.5 mg), and .beta.-chloro-L-alanine (6
mg) in 10 ml of water was filtered through a 0.22-.mu.m filter and
added to prepare Asp/Glu/Gln/Asn-labeled antibodies. Meanwhile, a
solution of L-leucine-.sup.15N (30 mg) and .beta.-chloro-L-alanine
(6 mg) in 10 ml of water was filtered through a 0.22-.mu.m filter
and added to prepare Leu-labeled antibodies. Constructed plasmids
were introduced into cells by the lipofection method. Cells
introduced with the plasmids were cultured for five days in a
CO.sub.2 incubator (37.degree. C., 8% CO.sub.2, 90 rpm). From the
culture supernatants prepared as described above, antibodies were
purified using the rProtein A Sepharose.TM. Fast Flow (Amersham
Biosciences) by a method known to those skilled in the art.
Absorbance at 280 nm of purified antibody solutions was measured
using a spectrophotometer. Antibody concentrations were calculated
from the determined values using an extinction coefficient
calculated by the PACE method (Protein Science (1995) 4:
2411-2423).
(16-2) Preparation of Fab Fragment
[0484] Each antibody was concentrated to 8.2 to 11.8 mg/ml using an
ultrafilter with a molecular weight cut off of 30,000 MWCO. The
antibodies were diluted to 8 mg/ml using 50 mM acetic acid/125 mM
Tris buffer (pH 6.8) containing 1 mM L-cysteine and 2 mM EDTA to
prepare samples. A 1/240 amount of papain (Roche Applied Science)
was added to each antibody. After stirring, the samples were
incubated at 37.degree. C. for one hour. After incubation, each
sample was loaded onto a 1-ml HiTrap NHS-activated HP (GE
Healthcare) immobilized with Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg peptide (Sigma) and
equilibrated with 50 mM acetic acid/125 mM Tris buffer (pH 6.8),
downstream of which a 1-ml HiTrap MabSelect Sure Protein A column
(GE Healthcare) was connected in tandem. Purified Fab fragment
fractions were obtained by removing Fc fragment and undigested
antibodies by the downstream Protein A column while removing
activated papain by the upstream Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg peptide. Cysteine
protease inhibitor E64 (Sigma) was added at 10 .mu.M to the Fab
fractions to prevent the activation of inactive papain in the Fab
fractions. All the column operations described above were carried
out at room temperature from 20 to 25.degree. C.
(16-3) Preparation of Fab Fragments of Antibodies LfVk1_Ca and
LfVk1 as NMR Samples
[0485] Antibody solutions were concentrated to 0.5 ml by
centrifugation using ultrafiltration device Vivaspin (Sartorius)
with MWCO 5,000. Then, a diafiltration cup was placed in the
ultrafiltration device described above, and the buffer was changed
with NMR buffer: 5 mM d-BisTris/20 mM NaCl/0.001% (w/v)
NaN.sub.3/5% (v/v) .sup.2H.sub.2O (pH 7.0) (the pH was adjusted
using NaOH and HCl) (via three cycles of: addition of 5 ml of the
above-described buffer to the diafiltration cup, followed by
concentration to 0.5 ml by centrifugation). The antibody solutions
were ultimately concentrated to 0.25 ml. Finally, the
ultrafiltration device was washed with NMR buffer, and the buffer
was combined with the concentrate. This yielded 420 .mu.l and 270
.mu.l of antibody solutions for antibody LfVk1_Ca and antibody
LfVk1, respectively. At this stage, the pH of the solutions was
again confirmed, and the pH was adjusted to pH 7.0 using NaOH and
HCl if needed. The absorbance at 280 nm was measured using an UV
spectrophotometer Nanodrop (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and
concentrations of the Fab fragments were determined with molar
extinction coefficient at 280 nm=70,000 M.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1. The
concentrations of Leu-labeled antibodies LfVk1_Ca and LfVk1 were
0.12 mM, while the concentrations of Asp-, Glu-, Asn-, and
Gln-labeled antibodies LfVk1 Ca and LfVk1 were 0.24 mM. Of the
above-described samples, antibody LfVk1_Ca was filled in a 5
mm-diameter NMR sample tube (shigemi) and antibody LfVk1 was filled
in a 5 mm-diameter symmetrical micro sample tube (shigemi) for
aqueous solution using a Pasteur pipette. In Ca.sup.2+ titration
experiments for antibody LfVk1_Ca, CaCl.sub.2 solutions were added
to antibody solutions in succession so that Ca.sup.2+ was 1, 2, 5,
10, or 20 molar equivalents to antibody. The CaCl.sub.2 solutions
added were prepared at 10, 20, 50, and 100 mM CaCl.sub.2 using NMR
buffer. Required volumes of CaCl.sub.2 solutions were added
directly to antibody solutions in the NMR sample tubes using a
microsyringe (ITO), which was custom-tailored by extending the
syringe portion of a ready-made product, so that the loading volume
ranges from 3 to 10 .mu.l After stirring with a vortex mixer, the
sample tubes were centrifuged using a manual centrifuge
(Shimadzu).
(16-4) NMR Measurement to Observe Amide Group Signals from the Fab
Fragments of Antibodies LfVk1_Ca and LfVk1_Ca
[0486] NMR measurements were carried out using the NMR spectrometer
DRX750 (Bruker Biospin) installed with TCI CryoProbe. The
temperature was set at 307K (GasFlow 535 L/h). .sup.1H-.sup.15N
HSQC was used for observing amide group signals in NMR
measurements. The measurement method was conducted by simultaneous
.sup.13C decoupling of .alpha. and carbonyl carbons and subtraction
of solvent water signals during the .sup.15N evolution period using
.sup.1H-.sup.15N FHSQC with a 3-9-19 pulse train. A standard
program provided by the manufacturer (Bruker Biospin) was used as a
pulse control scheme. The conditions of NMR measurement were as
follows. Spectral width: 12019 Hz (f2), 1976 Hz (f1); the number of
data points: 2048 (f2), 128 (f1). The data were processed using
Topspin 3.0 (Bruker Biospin) in the following manner. A shifted
square sine (QSINE) window function in both f2 and f1, and
zero-filling to double the data size were applied prior to Fourier
transformation. The chemical shifts of signals were calculated
using an NMR analysis software Sparky (UCSF).
(16-5) NMR Signal Assignment of Main Chain Amide Groups
[0487] 80% of the NMR signals from the main chain amide groups of
the Fab fragment of tocilizumab (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 13; light
chain SEQ ID NO: 14) were assigned previously (data not disclosed).
The amino acid sequence of the Fab fragment of antibody LfVk1_Ca is
the same as that of the Fab fragment of tocilizumab, except some
portions of light chain CDR1, CDR2, CDR3 and the amino acid
residues at positions 73 and 83 in the light chain Amino acid
sequences shared by the two antibodies give NMR signals that
exhibit the same or similar chemical shifts. Because of this, the
assignment information on tocilizumab was applicable in such amino
acid sequences. For Leu-labeled samples, assignments revealed to be
applicable include: 11, (33), (46), (47), (54), (78), 125, 135,
136, 154, 175, 179, 181, and 201 in the light chain, and 18, 46,
64, 71, 81, 83, 114, 144, 147, 165, 176, 181, 184, and 195 in the
heavy chain. In the above, numbers without parenthesis represent
residue numbers at which the assignments are applicable because the
chemical shifts are shared by tocilizumab; numbers in parentheses
represent residue numbers at which the assignments are applicable
because the chemical shifts are similar to those of tocilizumab and
there are no other signals giving similar chemical shifts.
Meanwhile, for the Asp-, Glu-, Asn-, Gln-labeled samples, four
signals were newly observed in LfVk1_Ca when the spectra were
compared between antibodies LfVk1_Ca and LfVk1. These were assumed
to be assignable to four of the five residues, Asp30, Asp31, Asp32,
Asp92, and Glu50, among Asp, Glu, Asn, and Gln residues in the
light chain where the sequence introduced as a Ca.sup.2+-binding
motif is different between the two antibodies.
(16-6) Identification of Ca.sup.2+ Binding Site in Antibody
LfVk1_Ca
[0488] Signals with different chemical shift were extracted by
comparing .sup.1H-.sup.15N HSQC spectra of the Fab fragment of
antibody LfVk1_Ca between in the presence and absence of 20 molar
equivalents of Ca.sup.2+. The result on the Leu-labeled samples
showed that only Leu33, but no other Leu residues, in the light
chain is involved in the binding. In addition, with the Asp-, Glu-,
Asn-, Gln-labeled samples, four of the five residues, Asp30, Asp31,
Asp32, Asp92, and Glu50, in the light chain were revealed to be
involved in the binding, and all but except one of the other Asp,
Glu, Asn, and Gln residues were not responsible for the binding.
The finding described above demonstrates that in the amino acid
sequence introduced as a Ca.sup.2+-binding motif, some amino acids
of at least light chain CDR1 and of both or either of light chain
CDR2 and CDR3 were involved in the Ca.sup.2+ binding. This is
consistent with the finding described in Example 15 that it is
important for the calcium ion binding that amino acids at four
positions among positions 30, 31, 32, 50, and 92 (Kabat's
numbering) are identical to those in the hVk5-2 sequence.
(16-7) Calculation of Ca.sup.2+ Dissociation Constant by Titration
Experiment
[0489] Based on .sup.1H-.sup.15N HSQC spectra at Ca.sup.2+
concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, or 20 molar equivalents to the
Fab fragment of antibody LfVk1_Ca, a graph was plotted with the
molar equivalent of Ca.sup.2+ in the horizontal axis and with
.sup.1H or .sup.15N chemical shifts of the signal for light chain
Leu33 identified as the binding site in the vertical axis. Using
the function represented by formula 2 shown below, data fitting was
performed with graphing software Gnuplot.
f(x)=s*[1-0.5/a*{(a*x+a+Kd)-((a*x+a+Kd).sup.2-4*x*a.sup.2).sup.0.5}+t*[0-
.5/a*{(a*x+a+Kd)-((a*x+a+Kd).sup.2-4*x*a.sup.2).sup.0.5} [Formula
2]
[0490] In the function represented by formula 2, "s" and "t"
represent the chemical shift [ppm] for the Ca.sup.2+-unbound state
and an estimated chemical shift [ppm] for the Ca.sup.2+-bound,
saturated state, respectively; "a" represents the concentration of
the antibody Fab fragment [M]; "Kd" represents the dissociation
constant; and "x" represents the molar equivalents of Ca.sup.2+
added to the antibody Fab fragment. In the data fitting, s, t, and
Kd were fitting parameters. As a result, based on .sup.1H and
.sup.15N chemical shifts, Kd was estimated as follows:
Kd=7.1.times.10.sup.-5 [M] and Kd=5.9.times.10.sup.-5 [M],
respectively.
Example 17
Assessment of Variant Sequence hVk5-2 for Calcium Binding
[0491] Vk5-2 variant 1 (SEQ ID NO: 63) and Vk5-2 variant 2 (SEQ ID
NO: 64) were obtained in addition to Vk5-2 (SEQ ID NO: 41), all of
which are classified as Vk5-2. These variants were assessed for
their calcium binding. DNA fragments for Vk5-2, Vk5-2 variant 1,
and Vk5-2 variant 2 were each inserted into animal cell expression
vectors. The nucleotide sequences of the constructed expression
vectors were determined by a method known to those skilled in the
art. By the method described in Example 13, the animal cell
expression vectors inserted with DNA fragments for Vk5-2, Vk5-2
variant 1, and Vk5-2 variant 2 were introduced, in combination with
animal expression vector carrying an insert to express CIM_H (SEQ
ID NO: 48) as a heavy chain, into animal cells and antibodies were
purified. The purified antibodies were assessed for their calcium
ion-binding activity. The purified antibodies were dialyzed
(EasySEP, TOMY) against 20 mM Tris-HC1/150 mM NaCl (pH 7.5) (in
Table 22, indicated as 0 mM calcium ion concentration) or 20 mM
Tris-HCl/150 mM NaC1/2 mM CaCl.sub.2 (pH 7.5). DSC measurement was
carried out at a rate of temperature increase of 240.degree. C./hr
from 20 to 115.degree. C. using antibody solutions prepared at a
concentration of 0.1 mg/mL by the same solution as used for
dialysis. Based on the obtained DSC denaturation curves, the
intermediate temperature of thermal denaturation (Tm value) was
calculated for the Fab domain of each antibody. The Tm values are
shown in Table 22.
TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 22 CALCIUM ION CONCENTRATION .DELTA. Tm
(.degree. C.) LIGHT CHAIN 0 mM 2 mM 2 mM - 0 mM Vk5-2 71.65 74.38
2.73 Vk5-2 VARIANT 1 65.75 72.24 6.49 Vk5-2 VARIANT 2 66.46 72.24
5.78
[0492] The result showed that the Tm value for the Fab domains of
antibodies having the sequence of Vk5-2, Vk5-2 variant 1, or Vk5-2
variant 2 varied depending on the calcium ion concentration in
solutions containing antibodies having the Fab domains. This
demonstrates that antibodies having a sequence classified as Vk5-2
bind to calcium ion.
Example 18
Antibodies that Bind to Human CD4 in a Calcium-Dependent Manner
(18-1) Preparation of Soluble Human CD4
[0493] Soluble human CD4 was prepared as follows. A DNA sequence
encoding a sequence (SEQ ID NO: 76) in which Myc tag is attached to
the amino acid sequence of human CD4 that lacks the transmembrane
region was inserted into an animal cell expression vector. The
sequence of the constructed recombinant human CD4 was confirmed by
a method known to those skilled in the art.
(18-2) Expression and Purification of Antibodies that Bind to
Soluble Human CD4
[0494] TNX355-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 77; light chain SEQ ID
NO: 78) and Q425 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 79; light chain SEQ ID NO:
80) are anti-human CD4 antibodies. Furthermore, Q425L9 (heavy chain
SEQ ID NO: 81; light chain SEQ ID NO: 82) is an L chain variant
from Q425. DNA sequences encoding the amino acids of TNX355-IgG1
(heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 77; light chain SEQ ID NO: 78), Q425 (heavy
chain SEQ ID NO: 79; light chain SEQ ID NO: 80), and Q425L9 (heavy
chain SEQ ID NO: 81; light chain SEQ ID NO: 82) were inserted into
animal cell expression plasmids. Antibodies were expressed by the
following method. Cells of human fetal kidney cell-derived
FreeStyle 293-F (Invitrogen) were suspended in FreeStyle 293
Expression Medium (Invitrogen), and plated at a cell density of
1.33.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml (3 ml) into each well of a 6-well
plate. The prepared plasmids were introduced into cells by a
lipofection method. The cells were cultured for four days in a
CO.sub.2 incubator (37.degree. C., 8% CO.sub.2, 90 rpm). From the
culture supernatants prepared as described above, antibodies were
purified using the rProtein A Sepharose.TM. Fast Flow (Amersham
Biosciences) by a method known to those skilled in the art.
Absorbance at 280 nm of purified antibody solutions was measured
using a spectrophotometer. Antibody concentrations were calculated
from the determined values using an extinction coefficient
calculated by the PACE method (Protein Science (1995) 4:
2411-2423).
(18-3) Assessment of Prepared Antibodies for Calcium-Dependent
Binding Activity to Human CD4
[0495] The prepared antibodies were assessed for their
calcium-dependent binding activity to soluble human CD4 using
Biacore T100 (GE Healthcare). The high calcium ion concentration
used was 1.2 mM, while the low calcium ion concentration was 3
.mu.M. Soluble human CD4 (prepared as described in 18-1) was used
as antigen. An adequate amount of protein G (Invitrogen) was
immobilized onto the Sensor chip CM4 (GE Healthcare) by the amine
coupling method, and then antibodies of interest were allowed to
capture. 10 mmol/l ACES, 150 mmol/l NaCl, 0.05% (w/v) Tween20, 1.2
mmol/l CaCl.sub.2 (pH 7.4 or pH 6.0) containing 1.2 mmol/l or 3
.mu.mol/l CaCl.sub.2 was used as a running buffer. All measurements
were carried out at 37.degree. C. Human CD4 was diluted using the
respective buffers. Antibody sensorgrams are shown in FIG. 19. As
shown in FIG. 19, the shape of sensorgram of antibody TNX355-IgG1
did not change even when the running buffer condition was changed.
This demonstrates that TNX355-IgG1 is a common antibody that does
not show calcium-dependent binding activity to human CD4.
Meanwhile, for both antibodies Q425 and Q425L9, the amount of
antigen binding was smaller at a calcium ion concentration of 3
.mu.M (low calcium ion concentration) than at 1.2 mM (high calcium
ion concentration), and thus they exhibited Ca-dependent binding
activity. In particular, no binding phase was observed for antibody
Q425L9 at a calcium ion concentration of 3 .mu.M even at an analyte
(soluble human CD4) concentration of 200 nM. Specifically, Q425 and
Q425L9 were demonstrated to be calcium-dependent binding antibodies
that bind to human CD4 in a calcium-dependent manner.
Example 19
Assessment of Ca-Dependent Binding Antibodies for their Effect on
Antigen Retention in Plasma Using Normal Mice
(19-1) In Vivo Assay Using Normal Mice
[0496] Q425 and Q425L9 prepared as described in Example 18 are
antibodies that bind to soluble human CD4 in a calcium-dependent
manner. As already described in Examples 5 and 6, regarding IL6R,
it has been demonstrated that when administered in combination with
an antigen, an antibody having the property of binding to an
antigen in a calcium-dependent manner has a property to accelerate
antigen elimination as compared to when an antibody that binds to
an antigen in a calcium-independent manner is administered in
combination with an antigen. However, whether antibodies against
other antigens also have the property to accelerate antigen
elimination remain to be clarified.
[0497] Then, soluble human CD4 (prepared as described in Example
18) was administered alone or in combination with an anti-human CD4
antibody to normal mice (C57BL/6J mouse; Charles River Japan). The
mice were assessed for in vivo kinetics of soluble human CD4 and
anti-human CD4 antibody after administration. A solution of soluble
human CD4 (50 .mu.g/ml) or a mixed solution of soluble human CD4
and an anti-human CD4 antibody was administrated once at 10 ml/kg
to the caudal vein. Anti-human CD4 antibodies used were
TNX355-IgG1, Q425-IgG1, and Q425L9-IgG1 described above.
[0498] The concentration of soluble human CD4 in the mixed solution
was 50 .mu.g/ml. Meanwhile, the concentrations of anti-human CD4
antibodies varied depending on the antibody: 0.264 mg/ml for
TNX355-IgG1; 0.197 mg/ml for Q425-IgG1; and 2.594 mg/ml for
Q425L9-IgG1. In this case, the anti-human CD4 antibodies were
present in an excess amount as compared to soluble human CD4, and
soluble human CD4 was assumed to mostly bind to the antibodies. In
the group administered with soluble human CD4 alone, blood was
collected 2 minutes, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, one hour,
and two hours after administration. In the group administered with
soluble human CD4 in combination with TNX355-IgG1 without
calcium-dependent antigen-binding activity, blood was collected 5
minutes, 2 hours, 7 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28
days after administration. In the group administered with soluble
human CD4 in combination with Q425-IgG1 or Q425L9-IgG1 having
calcium-dependent antigen-binding activity, blood was collected 5
minutes, 30 minutes, 2 hours, 7 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 8 days, 14
days, and 28 days after administration. Immediately after
collection, the blood was centrifuged at 4.degree. C. and 12,000
rpm for 15 minutes to isolate plasma. The isolated plasma was
stored in a freezer at -20.degree. C. or below before
measurements.
(19-2) Determination of Plasma Anti-Human CD4 Antibody
Concentration in Normal Mice by ELISA
[0499] Anti-human CD4 antibody concentrations in mouse plasma were
determined by ELISA. First, Anti-Human IgG (.gamma.-chain specific)
F(ab')2 Fragment of Antibody (SIGMA) was aliquoted into Nunc-Immuno
Plate, MaxiSorp (Nalge nunc International). The plate was allowed
to stand overnight at 4.degree. C. to prepare an anti-human IgG
antibody-immobilized plate. Standard samples were prepared at
concentrations of 0.64, 0.32, 0.16, 0.08, 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01
.mu.g/ml in plasma. Mouse plasma assay samples were prepared by
diluting 100 times or more. The samples were aliquoted into the
anti-human IgG antibody-immobilized plate. The plate was incubated
at 25.degree. C. for one hour. After incubation, the samples were
reacted with biotinylated anti-human IL-6 R antibody (R&D) at
25.degree. C. for one hour, and then with Streptavidin-PolyHRP80
(Stereospecific Detection Technologies) at 25.degree. C. for 0.5
hour. Chromogenic reaction was carried out using TMB One Component
HRP Microwell Substrate (BioFX Laboratories) as a substrate. After
the reaction was terminated with 1N sulfuric acid (Showa Chemical),
the absorbance at 450 nm was measured using a microplate reader.
Using analysis software SOFTmax PRO (Molecular Devices), the
concentrations in mouse plasma were calculated based on the
absorbance from the standard curve.
[0500] A time course of plasma concentrations of antibodies
TNX355-IgG1, Q425-IgG1, and Q425L9-IgG1 determined by the
above-described method after intravenous administration to normal
mice is shown in FIG. 20.
(19-3) Determination of Plasma Concentrations of Soluble Human CD4
by an Electrochemical Luminescence Method
[0501] Soluble human CD4 concentrations in mouse plasma were
determined by ELISA.
[0502] For the group administered with sCD4 alone and the group
administered in combination with Q425 or Q425_L9, TNX was aliquoted
into Nunc-Immuno Plate, MaxiSorp (Nalge nunc International). The
plate was left overnight at 4.degree. C. to prepare a
TNX-immobilized plate. Standard samples were prepared at plasma
concentrations of 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.3125, and 0.156
.mu.g/ml. Mouse plasma assay samples were prepared by diluting 100
times or more. The samples were prepared using a buffer containing
10 mM EDTA, and aliquoted into the TNX-immobilized plate. After
three hours of incubation at 25.degree. C., the samples were
reacted with anti-c-myc-HRP (Miltenyi Biotech) at 25.degree. C. for
one hour. Chromogenic reaction was carried out using the TMB One
Component HRP Microwell Substrate (BioFX Laboratories) as a
substrate. After the reaction was terminated with 1N sulfuric acid
(Showa Chemical), the absorbance at 450 nm was measured using a
microplate reader. Using the analysis software SOFTmax PRO
(Molecular Devices), the concentrations in mouse plasma were
calculated based on the absorbance from the standard curve.
[0503] In the group administered in combination with TNX, Q425 was
aliquoted into Nunc-Immuno Plate, MaxiSorp (Nalge nunc
International). The plate was left overnight at 4.degree. C. to
prepare a Q425-immobilized plate. Standard samples were prepared at
plasma concentrations of 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125
.mu.g/ml. Mouse plasma assay samples were prepared by diluting 100
times or more. The samples were prepared using a buffer containing
2 mM Ca.sup.2+, and aliquoted into the TNX-immobilized plate. After
three hours of incubation at 25.degree. C., the samples were
reacted with Anti-c-myc-HRP (Miltenyi Biotech) at 25.degree. C. for
one hour. Chromogenic reaction was carried out using the TMB One
Component HRP Microwell Substrate (BioFX Laboratories) as a
substrate. After the reaction was terminated with 1N sulfuric acid
(Showa Chemical), the absorbance at 450 nm was measured using a
microplate reader. Using the analysis software SOFTmax PRO
(Molecular Devices), the concentrations in mouse plasma were
calculated based on the absorbance from the standard curve.
[0504] A time course of plasma concentrations of soluble human CD4
determined by the above-described method after intravenous
administration to normal mice is shown in FIG. 21.
[0505] The result showed that soluble human CD4 when administered
alone was eliminated very rapidly. Meanwhile, the elimination of
soluble human CD4 was greatly retarded when administered in
combination with TNX355-IgG1, a common antibody without
Ca-dependent binding activity to soluble human CD4. In contrast,
the elimination of soluble human CD4 was significantly accelerated
when administered in combination with Q425-IgG1 or Q425L9-IgG1
having Ca-dependent binding activity to soluble human CD4. The
elimination of soluble human CD4 could be accelerated when
administered in combination with Q425-IgG1 or Q425L9-IgG1 as
compared to when administered in combination with TNX355-IgG1. This
finding demonstrates that not only for IL-6R but also for human
CD4, antigen elimination from plasma can be achieved with a
calcium-dependent binding antibody.
Example 20
Antibodies that Bind to Human IgA in a Calcium-Dependent Manner
[0506] (20-1) Preparation of Human IgA (hIgA)
[0507] An antigen, recombinant human IgA (hereinafter abbreviated
as hIgA), was prepared as follows. hIgA comprising H(WT)-IgA1 (SEQ
ID NO: 83) and L(WT) (SEQ ID NO: 14) was expressed, and purified by
ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography using
a method known to those skilled in the art.
(20-2) Expression and Purification of Antibodies that Bind to Human
IgA
[0508] GA1-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 84; light chain SEQ ID NO:
85), GA2-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 86; light chain SEQ ID NO:
87), GA3-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 88; light chain SEQ ID NO:
89), and GA4-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 90; light chain SEQ ID
NO: 91) are antibodies that bind to human IgA. Then, for the
purpose of further enhancing antigen (hIgA) elimination from
plasma, in a similar way as described in Examples 6 and 7,
GA2-N434W (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 92; light chain SEQ ID NO: 87)
was constructed by introducing amino acid substitution N434W into
GA2-IgG1 to strengthen the binding to mouse FcRn at pH 7.4. DNA
sequences encoding GA1-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 84; light chain
SEQ ID NO: 85), GA2-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 86; light chain
SEQ ID NO: 87), GA3-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 88; light chain
SEQ ID NO: 89), GA4-IgG1 (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 90; light chain
SEQ ID NO: 91), and GA2-N434W (heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 92; light
chain SEQ ID NO: 87) were inserted into animal expression plasmids
by a method known to those skilled in the art. Antibodies were
expressed by the following method. Cells of human fetal kidney
cell-derived FreeStyle 293-F (Invitrogen) were suspended in the
FreeStyle 293 Expression Medium (Invitrogen), and plated at a cell
density of 1.33.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml (3 ml) into each well of a
6-well plate. The constructed plasmids were introduced into cells
by a lipofection method. The cells were cultured for four days in a
CO.sub.2 incubator (37.degree. C., 8% CO.sub.2, 90 rpm). From the
prepared culture supernatants, antibodies were purified using the
rProtein A Sepharose.TM. Fast Flow (Amersham Biosciences) by a
method known to those skilled in the art. The concentrations of
purified antibodies were determined by measuring absorbance at 280
nm using a spectrophotometer. Antibody concentrations were
calculated from the determined values using an extinction
coefficient calculated by the PACE method (Protein Science (1995)
4: 2411-2423).
(20-3) Assessment of Prepared Antibodies for Ca-Dependent Human
IgA-Binding Activity
[0509] Using Biacore T200 (GE Healthcare), the obtained antibodies
were assessed for their binding activity to human IgA (dissociation
constant K.sub.D (M)). The measurement was carried out using as a
running buffer 0.05% tween20, 20 mmol/l ACES, 150 mmol/l NaCl (pH
7.4 or pH 5.8) containing 3 .mu.M or 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2, or 0.05%
tween20, 20 mmol/l ACES, 150 mmol/lNaC1 (pH 8.0) containing 0.1
.mu.M or 10 mM CaCl.sub.2.
[0510] After an adequate amount of recombinant Protein A/G (Thermo
Scientific) was immobilized onto the Sensor chip CM5 (GE
Healthcare) by an amino coupling method, antibodies were allowed to
bind onto the sensor chip. An appropriate concentration of hIgA
(described in (20-1)) was injected as an analyte to interact with
antibodies on the sensor chip. Then, the sensor chip was
regenerated by injecting 10 mmol/l glycine-HCl, pH 1.5. The
measurement was carried out at 37.degree. C. From the assay result,
the dissociation constant K.sub.D (M) was calculated based on
curve-fitting analysis and equilibrium constant analysis using
Biacore T200 Evaluation Software (GE Healthcare). The result is
shown in Table 23. The obtained sensorgram is shown in FIG. 22.
GA2-IgG1, GA3-IgG1, and GA4-IgG1 were demonstrated to bind to human
IgA strongly at a Ca.sup.2+ concentration of 1.2 mM and weakly at a
Ca.sup.2+ concentration of 3 .mu.M.
TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 23 ANTIBODY NAME CONDITION Fit ka kd KD
GA1-IgG1 pH 8.0, 10 mM Ca 1:1 binding mode I 1.10E+06 2.40E-01
2.20E-07 pH 8.0, 0.1 .mu.M Ca 1:1 binding mode I 1.20E+06 1.20E-01
1.00E-07 pH 7.4, 1.2 mM Ca 1:1 binding mode I 5.70E+05 8.40E-02
1.50E-07 pH 7.4, 3 .mu.M Ca 1:1 binding mode I 6.40E+05 1.20E-01
1.90E-07 pH 5.8, 1.2 mM Ca 1:1 binding mode I 6.80E+05 9.90E-02
1.40E-07 pH 5.8, 3 .mu.M Ca 1:1 binding mode I 7.10E+05 1.10E-01
1.50E-07 GA2-IgG1 pH 7.4, 1.2 mM Ca 1:1 binding mode I 4.00E+05
1.60E-02 3.90E-08 pH 7.4, 3 .mu.M Ca Steady State Affinity -- --
6.70E-06 pH 5.8, 1.2 mM Ca Steady State Affinity -- -- 4.00E-06 pH
5.8, 3 .mu.M Ca Steady State Affinity -- -- 5.00E-06 GA3-IgG1 pH
7.4, 1.2 mM Ca 1:1 binding mode I 4.30E+05 3.30E-02 7.90E-08 pH
7.4, 3 .mu.M Ca Steady State Affinity -- -- -- pH 5.8, 1.2 mM Ca
1:1 binding mode I 4.40E+05 3.50E-02 8.10E-08 pH 5.8, 3 .mu.M Ca
Steady State Affinity -- -- 1.10E-06 GA4-IgG1 pH 7.4, 1.2 mM Ca
Steady State Affinity -- -- 4.20E-07 pH 7.4, 3 .mu.M Ca Steady
State Affinity -- -- 8.90E-07 pH 5.8, 1.2 mM Ca Steady State
Affinity -- -- 1.10E-06 pH 5.8, 3 .mu.M Ca Steady State Affinity --
-- 1.50E-06
Example 21
Assessment of the Effect of Ca-Dependent Human IgA-Binding
Antibodies on Antigen Retention in Plasma Using Normal Mice
(21-1) In Vivo Assay Using Normal Mice
[0511] Human IgA (human IgA: prepared as described in Example 20)
was administered alone or in combination with an anti-human IgA
antibody to normal mice (C57BL/6J mouse; Charles River Japan). The
mice were assessed for in vivo kinetics of human IgA and anti-human
IgA antibody after administration. A human IgA solution (80
.mu.g/ml) or a mixed solution of human IgA and anti-human IgA
antibody was administered once at 10 ml/kg to the caudal vein.
Anti-human IgA antibodies used were GA1-IgG1, GA2-IgG1, GA3-IgG1,
and GA2-N434W described above.
[0512] The concentration of human IgA in the mixed solution was 80
.mu.g/ml. Meanwhile, the concentrations of anti-human IgA
antibodies vary depending on the affinity for hIgA: 100 mg/ml for
GA1-IgG1; 28.9 mg/ml for GA2-IgG1; 53.8 mg/ml for GA3-IgG1; and 1
mg/ml for GA2-N434W. In this case, the anti-human IgA antibodies
were present in an excess amount as compared to human IgA, and
human IgA was assumed to mostly bind to the antibodies. Blood was
collected 5 minutes, 7 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, and 7 days
after administration. Immediately after the collection, the blood
was centrifuged at 4.degree. C. and 12,000 rpm for 15 minutes to
isolate plasma. The isolated plasma was stored in a freezer at
-20.degree. C. or below before measurements.
(21-2) Determination of Plasma Concentration of Anti-Human IgA
Antibody in Normal Mice by ELISA
[0513] Anti-human IgA antibody concentrations in mouse plasma were
determined by ELISA. First, Anti-Human IgG (.gamma.-chain specific)
F(ab')2 Fragment of Antibody (SIGMA) was aliquoted into Nunc-Immuno
Plate, MaxiSorp (Nalge nunc International). The plate was left
overnight at 4.degree. C. to prepare an anti-human IgG
antibody-immobilized plate. Standard samples were prepared at
plasma concentrations of 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.03125,
0.01563, and 0.07813 .mu.g/ml. Mouse plasma assay samples were
prepared by diluting 100 times or more. The samples were aliquoted
into the Anti-Human IgG antibody-immobilized plate. After one hour
of incubation at 25.degree. C., the samples were reacted with the
Goat Anti-Human IgG (.gamma. chain specific) Biotin (BIOT)
Conjugate (Southern Biotechnology Associats Inc.) at 25.degree. C.
for one hour. Then, the samples were reacted with
Streptavidin-PolyHRP80 (Stereospecific Detection Technologies) at
25.degree. C. for one hour. Chromogenic reaction was carried out
using the TMB One Component HRP Microwell Substrate (BioFX
Laboratories) as a substrate. After the reaction was terminated
with 1N sulfuric acid (Showa Chemical), the absorbance at 450 nm
was measured using a microplate reader. Using the analysis software
SOFTmax PRO (Molecular Devices), the concentrations in mouse plasma
were calculated based on the absorbance from the standard curve. A
time course of plasma concentrations of antibodies GA1-IgG1,
GA2-IgG1, GA3-IgG1, and GA2-N434W determined by the above-described
method after intravenous administration to normal mice is shown in
FIG. 23.
(21-3) Determination of Plasma Human IgA Concentration by ELISA
[0514] Human IgA concentrations in mouse plasma were determined by
ELISA. First, Goat anti-Human IgA antibody (BETHYL) was aliquoted
into a Nunc-Immuno Plate, MaxiSorp (Nalge nunc International). The
plate was left at 4.degree. C. overnight to prepare an anti-human
IgA antibody-immobilized plate. Standard samples of human IgA were
prepared at plasma concentrations of 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.025,
0.0125, and 0.00625 .mu.g/ml. Mouse plasma assay samples were
prepared by diluting 100 times or more. 200 .mu.l of 500 ng/ml
hsIL-6R was added to 100 .mu.l of the standard and plasma samples.
The resulting mixtures were allowed to stand at room temperature
for one hour, and then aliquoted into the anti-human IgA
antibody-immobilized plate and incubated at room temperature for
one hour. After incubation, the mixtures were reacted with
biotinylated Anti-human IL-6R antibody (R&D) at room
temperature for one hour, and then with the Streptavidin-PolyHRP80
(Stereospecific Detection Technologies) at room temperature for one
hour. Chromogenic reaction was carried out using the TMB One
Component HRP Microwell Substrate (BioFX Laboratories) as a
substrate. After the reaction was terminated with 1N sulfuric acid
(Showa Chemical), the absorbance at 450 nm was measured using a
microplate reader. Using analysis software SOFTmax PRO (Molecular
Devices), the concentrations in mouse plasma were calculated based
on the absorbance from the standard curve. A time course of plasma
concentrations of human IgA determined by the above-described
method after intravenous administration to normal mice is shown in
FIG. 24.
[0515] The result showed that when human IgA was administered in
combination with GA1-IgG1, an antibody whose Ca dependency in the
human IgA binding is weak (the degree of dependency is low), the
elimination of human IgA was retarded as compared to when
administered alone. Meanwhile, the elimination of human IgA was
significantly accelerated when administered in combination with
GA2-IgG1 which exhibits 100 times or more Ca-dependent human
IgA-binding activity. The plasma concentration of unbound human IgA
was determined from the plasma antibody concentration shown in FIG.
23, the plasma concentration of human IgA shown in FIG. 24, and the
KD value of each antibody shown in Table 23. The result is shown in
FIG. 25. As shown in FIG. 25, the concentration of unbound antigen
(human IgA) in the group administered with GA2-IgG1 or GA3-IgG1 was
lower as compared to the concentration of unbound antigen (human
IgA) in the GA1-IgG1-administered group. This demonstrates that
unbound antigen (human IgA) can be reduced by accelerating antigen
elimination using calcium-dependent binding antibodies. Moreover,
GA2-N434W that exhibited enhanced FcRn binding at pH 7.4
accelerated antigen elimination more than GA2-IgG1. The antigen was
reduced to a level below the detection limit 7 hours after
administration.
[0516] The finding described above demonstrates that
calcium-dependent binding antibodies can accelerate antigen
elimination from plasma as compared to common antibodies that bind
to an antigen in a pH- or calcium-independent manner. It was
revealed that this applies not only to human IL6R described in
Example 5 or human CD4 described in Example 19 but also to human
IgA. Furthermore, in addition to human IL6R described in Examples 6
and 7, it was demonstrated for human IgA that antigen elimination
can be further accelerated by enhancing the FcRn binding of
calcium-dependent binding antibodies at pH 7.4.
[0517] As shown in Reference Example 31, Fv-4-IgG1, which binds to
human IL-6 receptor in a pH-dependent manner, can accelerate the
elimination of human IL-6 receptor as compared to H54/L28-IgG1
which binds to human IL-6 receptor in a pH-independent manner;
however, Fv-4-IgG1 cannot accelerate the elimination as compared to
administration of human IL-6 receptor alone. Fv-4-IgG1-v1 or
Fv-4-IgG1-v2 with enhanced FcRn binding activity in the neutral
range should be used to accelerate the elimination as compared to
administration of human IL-6 receptor alone.
[0518] Meanwhile, surprisingly, GA2-IgG1, which binds to human IgA
in a Ca-dependent manner, was revealed to accelerate the
elimination of human IgA as compared to administration of human IgA
alone, although it has the constant region of natural IgG1 whose
FcRn binding in the neutral range is not enhanced. The following
mechanism is thought to account for what happened in GA2-IgG1.
[0519] In the case of monomeric antigens such as human IL-6
receptor, two antigens bind to a divalent antibody. This results in
the formation of an antigen/antibody complex consisting of three
molecules of antigen and antibody. On the other hand, since human
IgA is a dimeric antigen and an antibody is divalent, the
antigen/antibody complex between them is likely to form an
antigen/antibody complex (immune complex) consisting of four or
more molecules of antigen and antibody.
[0520] When a common antibody of natural IgG1 type against a
multimeric antigen forms a bulky immune complex, the immune complex
can bind to FcgR, FcRn, complement receptor, and such with avidity
in a multivalent fashion via Fc domain. Thus, the immune complex is
internalized into cells expressing such receptors. Meanwhile, a
common pH/Ca-independent antibody against a monomeric antigen has
insufficient affinity for the natural IgG1 type receptor, and thus
the resulting immune complex is internalized into cells with low
efficiency. FcRn originally has a role of recycling intracellularly
internalized antibodies from the endosome to plasma. However, bulky
immune complexes capable of binding to FcRn in a multivalent
fashion are known to be transferred from the endosome by FcRn and
degraded in the lysosome. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 26, a
common antibody against a multimeric antigen, which forms a bulky
immune complex, can accelerate the elimination of the antigen;
however, the antigen is not dissociated from the antibody in the
endosome, and the antibody is also eliminated simultaneously
together with the antigen. Therefore, the antigen elimination
efficiency per antibody molecule is low. In other words, a common
pH/Ca-independent antibody against a monomeric antigen can
accelerate antigen elimination; however, the efficiency is assumed
to be low.
[0521] On the other hand, when a pH/Ca-dependent antibody that has
a natula-IgG1-type constant region against a multimeric antigen
forms a bulky immune complex, the immune complex binds to FcgR,
FcRn, complement receptor, and such with avidity via multivalent Fc
region as shown in FIG. 27, and is taken up by cells expressing the
receptors. The immune complex dissolves by dissociation of the
antigen from the pH/Ca-dependent antibody in the endosome. The
antigen cannot bind to FcRn and is transferred to the lysosome for
degradation. Meanwhile, the antibody is recycled to plasma by FcRn
because it does not form an immune complex.
[0522] Specifically, when a pH/Ca-dependent antibody that has a
natural-IgG1-type constant region against a multimeric antigen can
bind to FcgR, FcRn, complement receptor, and such with avidity by
forming a bulky immune complex, only antigen elimination can be
selectively and greatly accelerated. The above described phenomenon
was assumed to also occur with GA2-IgG1 against human IgA. This was
expected to be useful as a method for significantly accelerating
the elimination of multimeric antigen without using the amino acid
substitution method for enhancing the FcRn binding of natural IgG1
in the neutral range such as shown in Reference Example 31.
[0523] In order to achieve the effect described above, an antigen
and an antibody form a bulky immune complex and must tightly bind
to FcgR/FcRn with avidity, even if the antibody is an IgG1. When
the antigen is a dimeric or higher-order polymeric antigen, by
screening for pH/Ca-dependent antibodies that form a bulky immune
complex and bind to the above-described receptor, the antigen
elimination can be accelerated efficiently by using the natural
IgG1 constant region without performing any amino acid
substitution. In general, it is considered that antigens have to be
multimeric (for example, immunoglobulins such as IgA and IgE, and
the TNF superfamily such as TNF and CD154) for antibodies and
antigens to form bulky immune complexes. Even when an antigen is
monomeric, a bulky immune complex can be formed by using a mixture
of two or more types of appropriate pH/Ca-dependent antibodies that
recognize two or more epitopes in a monomeric antigen.
Alternatively, a bulky immune complex can be formed by using an
appropriate multispecific pH/Ca-dependent antibody that recognizes
two or more epitopes in a monomeric antigen (for example, a
bispecific antibody having a natural IgG constant region with the
right and left arms recognizing epitopes A and B, respectively,
such as shown in FIG. 28). Specifically, if appropriate
pH/Ca-dependent antibodies against monomeric antigens can be
screened, antigen elimination can be accelerated efficiently by
using a mixture of antibodies having a natural IgG1 constant region
or a multispecific antibody having a natural IgG1 constant region,
without using mutant IgG1 having an amino acid substitution.
Example 22
Antibodies that Bind to Human Glypican 3 in a Calcium-Dependent
Manner
(22-1) Preparation of Human Glypican 3 (GPC3)
[0524] Recombinant human glypican 3 (hereinafter abbreviated as
GPC3) which is used as an antigen was prepared by the following
procedure. CHO cells constitutively introduced with a plasmid that
expresses a sequence to which six histidine residues are linked to
the amino acid sequence of human glypican 3 without having the
transmembrane domain (SEQ ID NO: 93) were cultured. Then, from the
collected culture supernatant, GPC3 was purified by ion-exchange
chromatography, followed by His tag-based affinity and gel
filtration chromatography.
(22-2) Expression and Purification of Antibodies that Bind to Human
GPC3
[0525] Anti-human glypican 3 antibodies CSCM-01005 (heavy chain
sequence: 94; light chain sequence: 95), CSCM-01009 (heavy chain
sequence: 96; light chain sequence: 97), CSCM-01015 (heavy chain
sequence: 98, light chain sequence: 99), CSCM-01023 (heavy chain
sequence: 100; light chain sequence: 101), and GC-IgG1 (heavy chain
sequence: 102; light chain sequence: 103) were each inserted into
animal expression plasmids. Antibodies were expressed by the
following procedure. Cells of human fetal kidney cell-derived
FreeStyle 293-F (Invitrogen) were suspended in the FreeStyle 293
Expression Medium (Invitrogen), and plated at a cell density of
1.33.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml (3 ml) into each well of a 6-well
plate. The prepared plasmids were introduced into cells by a
lipofection method. The cells were cultured for four days in a
CO.sub.2 incubator (37.degree. C., 8% CO.sub.2, 90 rpm). From the
prepared culture supernatants, antibodies were purified using the
rProtein A Sepharose.TM. Fast Flow (Amersham Biosciences) by a
method known to those skilled in the art. The concentrations of
purified antibodies were determined by measuring absorbance at 280
nm using a spectrophotometer. Antibody concentrations were
calculated from the determined values using an extinction
coefficient calculated by the PACE method (Protein Science (1995)
4: 2411-2423). Furthermore, antibody GC-IgG1 was purified from
culture supernatants of CHO cells constitutively expressing
antibody GC-IgG1 and its concentration was determined by the same
method as described above.
(22-3) Assessment of Isolated Antibodies for Ca-Dependent Human
GPC3-Binding Activity
[0526] Isolated antibodies were subjected to ELISA using the
following procedure. StreptaWell 96-well microtiter plate (Roche)
was coated overnight with 100 .mu.l of PBS containing a
biotin-labeled antigen. After the antigen was washed off from each
well of the plate using ACES buffer (10 mM ACES, 150 mM NaCl, 100
mM CaCl.sub.2, 0.05% Tween20, pH 7.4), the wells were blocked for
one hour or more with 250 .mu.l of an ACES Buffer containing 2%
BSA. After removing the ACES Buffer containing 2% BSA from each
well, a purified IgG serially diluted at a dilution ratio of 4
starting from 10 .mu.g/ml was prepared in advance and aliquoted at
100 .mu.l into the plate. The plate was allowed to stand for one
hour to allow binding of IgG to the antigen in each well. Following
wash with the ACES Buffer, "10 mM ACES, 150 mM NaCl, 1.2 mM
CaCl.sub.2, pH 7.4", "10 mM ACES, 150 mM NaCl, 3 .mu.M CaCl.sub.2,
pH 7.4", "10 mM ACES, 150 mM NaCl, 1.2 mM CaCl.sub.2, pH 5.8", or
"10 mM ACES, 150 mM NaCl, 3 .mu.M CaCl.sub.2, pH 5.8" was added to
each well. The plate was incubated at 37.degree. C. for 30 minutes.
After washing with the ACES Buffer, an HRP-conjugated anti-human
IgG antibody (BIOSOURCE) diluted with an ACES Buffer containing 2%
BSA was added to each well. The plate was incubated for one hour.
Following wash with ACES Buffer, the TMB single solution (ZYMED)
was added to each well. The chromogenic reaction in the solution of
each well was terminated by adding sulfuric acid. Then, the
developed color was assessed by measuring absorbance at 450 nm.
[0527] The measurement result is shown in FIG. 29. In the case of
GC-IgG1, the absorbance of GC-IgG1 did not change according to the
calcium ion concentration. By contrast, as for CSCM-01.sub.--005,
CSCM-01.sub.--009, CSCM-01.sub.--015, and CSCM-01.sub.--023, the
absorbance was considerably lower at a calcium ion concentration of
3 .mu.M (low calcium ion concentration) than at 1.2 mM (high
calcium ion concentration). The result described above demonstrates
that CSCM-01.sub.--005, CSCM-01.sub.--009, CSCM-01.sub.--015, and
CSCM-01.sub.--023 have the property that their antigen binding
varies according to the calcium ion concentration. This
demonstrates that calcium-dependent antibodies against human
glypican 3 are also obtainable. As compared to typical anti-human
glypican 3 antibodies, it is considered that the calcium-dependent
anti-human glypican 3 antibodies can accelerate elimination of
human glypican 3, similarly to the case with human IL-6R, human
CD4, or human IgA described in Examples above. Moreover, it is
considered that the elimination of human glypican 3 can be further
accelerated by enhancing the FcRn binding of the calcium-dependent
anti-human glypican 3 antibodies at pH 7.4.
Example 23
Antibodies that Bind to IgE in a Calcium-Dependent Manner
(23-1) Preparation of Biotinylated Human IgE
[0528] Human IgE was prepared as an antigen by the following
procedure. An animal cell expression vector inserted with a DNA
sequence encoding IgE-H (SEQ ID NO: 104, a sequence for
biotinylation is linked at the C terminus) and L(WT) (SEQ ID NO:
14) was prepared. Using the expression vector and FreeStyle293
(Invitrogen), the full-length human IgE protein to which a sequence
for biotinylation is linked to the C terminus was expressed in the
culture supernatant. From the isolated culture supernatant, a
biotinylated human IgE was prepared by performing ion-exchange
chromatography, avidin-affinity purification, and gel filtration
chromatography purification.
(23-2) Expression and Purification of Antibodies that Bind to Human
IgE
[0529] GEB0100 (heavy chain, SEQ ID NO: 105; light chain, SEQ ID
NO: 106), GEB0220 (heavy chain, SEQ ID NO: 107; light chain, SEQ ID
NO: 108), GEB0230 (heavy chain, SEQ ID NO: 109; light chain, SEQ ID
NO: 110), and Xolair (heavy chain, SEQ ID NO: 111; light chain, SEQ
ID NO: 112) were antibodies that bind to human IgE. GEB0100 (heavy
chain, SEQ ID NO: 105; light chain, SEQ ID NO: 106), GEB0220 (heavy
chain, SEQ ID NO: 107; light chain, SEQ ID NO: 108), GEB0230 (heavy
chain, SEQ ID NO: 109; light chain, SEQ ID NO: 110), and Xolair
(generic name: Omalizumab) (heavy chain, SEQ ID NO: 111; light
chain, SEQ ID NO: 112) were each inserted into animal expression
plasmids by a method known to those skilled in the art. Antibodies
were expressed by the following procedure. The constructed plasmids
were introduced into cells of human fetal kidney cell-derived
FreeStyle 293-F (Invitrogen) by a lipofection method. The cells
were cultured for four to seven days in a CO.sub.2 incubator
(37.degree. C., 8% CO.sub.2, 90 rpm). From the prepared culture
supernatants, antibodies were purified using the rProtein A
Sepharose.TM. Fast Flow (Amersham Biosciences) by a method known to
those skilled in the art.
[0530] The concentrations of purified antibodies were determined by
measuring absorbance at 280 nm using a spectrophotometer. Antibody
concentrations were calculated from the determined values using an
extinction coefficient calculated by the PACE method (Protein
Science (1995) 4: 2411-2423).
(23-3) Assessment of Isolated Antibodies for Ca-Dependent Human
IgE-Binding Activity
[0531] Isolated antibodies were assessed for their Ca-dependent
binding activity to human IgE by ELISA. Specifically, 40 .mu.l of 1
.mu.g/ml Goat anti-rabbit IgG-Fc polyclonal antibody (Bethyl
laboratory; A120-111A) or 1 .mu.g/ml Goat anti-human IgG-Fc
polyclonal antibody (ICN biomedicals; 55071) was added to the NUNC
Immuno 384-well Plate MaxiSorp (Thermo fisher scientific; 464718).
After one hour of incubation at room temperature, the solution was
removed and 50 .mu.l of Blocking One Reagent (Nacalai Tesque;
03953-95) diluted to 20% was added. After one hour of incubation at
room temperature, the solution was removed and 40 .mu.l of purified
antibodies diluted with Tris buffer containing 1.2 mM calcium
chloride were added. After overnight incubation at 4.degree. C.,
the plate was washed three times with 80 .mu.l of Tris buffer
containing 1.2 mM calcium chloride and 0.05% (w/v) Tween-20, and 40
.mu.l of the biotinylated human IgE (prepared as described in
(23-1)) diluted to 500 ng/ml with a Tris buffer containing 1.2 mM
calcium chloride was added. After one hour of incubation at room
temperature, the plate was washed three times with 80 .mu.l of a
Tris buffer containing 1.2 mM calcium chloride and 0.05% (w/v)
Tween-20. 80 .mu.l of an ACES buffer (pH 7.4) containing 2 mM or 3
.mu.M calcium chloride was added and then immediately removed.
Again, 80 .mu.l of an ACES buffer (pH 7.4) containing 2 mM or 3
.mu.M calcium chloride was added to the plate. After one hour of
incubation at 37.degree. C., the plate was washed three times with
80 .mu.l of a Tris buffer containing 1.2 mM calcium chloride and
0.05% (w/v) Tween-20, and 40 .mu.l of HRP-labeled streptavidin
(Thermo fisher scientific; 21132) diluted to 25 ng/ml with a Tris
buffer containing 1.2 mM calcium chloride was added. After one hour
of incubation at room temperature, the plate was washed three times
with 80 .mu.l of a Tris buffer containing 1.2 mM calcium chloride
and 0.05% (w/v) Tween-20. Then, 40 .mu.l of a chromogenic substrate
(KPL; 50-66-06: ABTS peroxidase substrate system 1 component) is
added. Following 15 to 30 minutes of incubation at room
temperature, the absorbance at 405 nm was measured (Molecular
devices; SpectraMax Plus384).
[0532] The measurement result is shown in FIG. 30. In the case of
Xolair, the absorbance did not change according to the calcium ion
concentration. By contrast, as for GEB0100, GEB0220, and GEB0230,
the absorbance was considerably lower at a calcium ion
concentration of 3 .mu.M (low calcium ion concentration) than at
1.2 mM (high calcium ion concentration). The result described above
demonstrates that GEB0100, GEB0220, and GEB0230 have the property
that their antigen binding varies according to the calcium ion
concentration. This indicates that calcium-dependent antibodies
against human IgE are also obtainable. As compared to typical
anti-human IgE antibodies such as Xolair, it is considered that the
calcium-dependent anti-human IgE antibodies can accelerate the
elimination of human IgE, similarly to the case with human IL-6R,
human CD4, or human IgA described in Examples above. Moreover, it
is considered that the elimination of human IgE can be further
accelerated by enhancing the FcRn binding of the calcium-dependent
anti-human IgE antibodies at pH 7.4.
Reference Example 1
Preparation of Soluble Human IL-6 Receptor (hsIL-6R)
[0533] Recombinant human IL-6 receptor as an antigen was prepared
as follows. A CHO cell line constitutively expressing soluble human
IL-6 receptor (hereinafter referred to as hsIL-6R) having the amino
acid sequence of positions 1 to 357 from the N terminus as reported
in J. Immunol. 152: 4958-4968 (1994) was established by a method
known to those skilled in the art. The cells were cultured to
express hsIL-6R. The hsIL-6R was purified from the culture
supernatant by two steps: Blue Sepharose 6 FF column chromatography
and gel filtration column chromatography. A fraction eluted as the
main peak in the final stage was prepared as the final purification
product.
Reference Example 2
Preparation of Human FcRn
[0534] FcRn is a complex of FcRn and 132-microglobulin. Oligo-DNA
primers were prepared based on the published human FcRn gene
sequence (J Exp Med. 1994 Dec. 1; 180(6): 2377-81). A DNA fragment
encoding the whole gene was prepared by PCR using human cDNA (Human
Placenta Marathon-Ready cDNA, Clontech) as a template and the
prepared primers. Using the obtained DNA fragment as a template, a
DNA fragment encoding the extracellular domain containing the
signal region (Metl-Leu290) was amplified by PCR, and inserted into
a mammalian cell expression vector. Likewise, oligo-DNA primers
were prepared based on the published human 132-microglobulin gene
sequence (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899-16903
(2002)). A DNA fragment encoding the whole gene was prepared by PCR
using human cDNA (Human Placenta Marathon-Ready cDNA, Clontech) as
a template and the prepared primers. Using the obtained DNA
fragment as a template, a DNA fragment encoding the whole protein
containing a signal region (Metl-Met119) was amplified by PCR and
inserted into a mammalian cell expression vector.
[0535] Soluble human FcRn was expressed by the following procedure.
The plasmids constructed for expressing human FcRn (SEQ ID NO: 17)
and 132-microglobulin (SEQ ID NO: 18) were introduced into cells of
the human embryonic kidney cancer-derived cell line HEK293H
(Invitrogen) by the lipofection method using PEI (Polyscience). The
resulting culture supernatant was collected, and FcRn was purified
using IgG Sepharose 6 Fast Flow (Amersham Biosciences), followed by
further purification using HiTrap Q HP (GE Healthcare) (J. Immunol.
2002 Nov. 1; 169(9): 5171-80).
Reference Example 3
Studies to Improve the Antigen Elimination-Accelerating Effect of
pH-Dependent Antigen-Binding Antibodies (In Vivo Test)
[0536] (3-1) Preparation of pH-Dependent Human IL-6
Receptor-Binding Antibodies that Bind to FcRn Under Neutral
Condition
[0537] Mutations were introduced into Fv-4-IgG1 comprising VH3-IgG1
(SEQ ID NO: 19) and VL3-CK (SEQ ID NO: 20) to augment the FcRn
binding under a neutral condition (pH 7.4). Specifically,
VH3-IgG1-v1 (SEQ ID NO: 21) was prepared from the heavy chain
constant region of IgG1 by substituting Tyr for Met at position
252, Thr for Ser at position 254, and Glu for Thr at position 256
in EU numbering, while VH3-IgG1-v2 (SEQ ID NO: 22) was constructed
from the heavy chain constant region of IgG1 by substituting Trp
for Asn at position 434 in EU numbering. The mutants were
constructed by amino acid substitution using QuikChange
Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene) or In-Fusion HD Cloning
Kit (Clontech) according to the method described in the provided
manual. The prepared plasmid fragments were inserted into animal
cell expression vectors to construct expression vectors for the H
chain and L chain of interest. The nucleotide sequences of the
constructed expression vectors were determined by a method known to
those skilled in the art.
[0538] H54/L28-IgG1 comprising H54 (SEQ ID NO: 5) and L28 (SEQ ID
NO: 6), Fv-4-IgG1 comprising VH3-IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and VL3-CK
(SEQ ID NO: 20), Fv-4-IgG1-v1 comprising VH3-IgG1-v1 (SEQ ID NO:
21) and VL3-CK (SEQ ID NO: 20), and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 comprising
VH3-IgG1-v2 (SEQ ID NO: 22) and VL3-CK (SEQ ID NO: 20) were
expressed and purified by the method described below. Antibodies
were expressed by FreestyleHEK293 (Invitrogen) as described by the
protocol provided by the manufacture or HEK293H cell line
(Invitrogen). Human embryonic kidney cancer-derived HEK293H cell
line (Invitrogen) was suspended in DMEM (Invitrogen) supplemented
with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Invitrogen). The cells were plated at
10 ml per dish in dishes for adherent cells (10 cm in diameter;
CORNING) at a cell density of 5 to 6.times.10.sup.5 cells/ml and
cultured in a CO.sub.2 incubator (37.degree. C., 5% CO.sub.2) for
one whole day and night. Then, the medium was removed by
aspiration, and 6.9 ml of CHO-S-SFM-II medium (Invitrogen) was
added. The prepared plasmid was introduced into the cells by the
lipofection method. The resulting culture supernatants were
collected, centrifuged (approximately 2,000.times.g, 5 min, room
temperature) to remove cells, and sterilized by filtering through
0.22-.mu.m filter MILLEX (registered trademark)-GV (Millipore) to
obtain the supernatants. Antibodies were purified from the obtained
culture supernatants by a method known to those skilled in the art
using rProtein A Sepharose.TM. Fast Flow (Amersham Biosciences). To
determine the concentration of the purified antibody, absorbance
was measured at 280 nm using a spectrophotometer. Antibody
concentrations were calculated from the determined values using an
absorbance coefficient calculated by the method described in
Protein Science (1995) 4: 2411-2423.
(3-2) In Vivo Test Using Human FcRn Transgenic Mice and Normal
Mice
[0539] The in vivo kinetics of hsIL-6R (soluble human IL-6
receptor: prepared as described in Reference Example 1) and
anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody was assessed after administering
hsIL-6R alone or hsIL-6R and anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody in
combination to human FcRn transgenic mice (B6.mFcRn-/-.hFcRn Tg
line 276+/+ mouse, Jackson Laboratories; Methods Mol. Biol. (2010)
602: 93-104) and normal mice (C57BL/6J mouse; Charles River Japan).
An hsIL-6R solution (5 .mu.g/ml) or a solution of mixture
containing hsIL-6R and anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody (5
.mu.g/ml and 0.1 mg/ml, respectively) was administered once at a
dose of 10 ml/kg into the caudal vein. In this case, the anti-human
IL-6 receptor antibody is present in excess over hsIL-6R, and
therefore almost every hsIL-6R is assumed to be bound to the
antibody. Blood was collected 15 minutes, seven hours, one day, two
days, three days, four days, seven days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28
days after administration. The collected blood was immediately
centrifuged at 15,000 rpm and 4.degree. C. for 15 minutes to
separate the plasma. The separated plasma was stored in a
refrigerator at or below -20.degree. C. before assay. The
anti-human IL-6 receptor antibodies used are: above-described
H54/L28-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1, and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 for human FcRn transgenic
mice, and above-described H54/L28-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1-v1,
and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 for normal mice.
(3-3) Measurement of Anti-Human IL-6 Receptor Antibody Plasma
Concentration by ELISA
[0540] The concentration of anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody in
mouse plasma was measured by ELISA. Anti-human IgG (.gamma. chain
specific) F(ab')2 antibody fragment (Sigma) was dispensed onto a
Nunc-ImmunoPlate MaxiSorp (Nalge Nunc International) and allowed to
stand overnight at 4.degree. C. to prepare anti-human
IgG-immobilized plates. Calibration curve samples having plasma
concentrations of 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.025, and 0.0125
.mu.g/ml, and mouse plasma samples diluted 100-fold or more were
prepared. 200 .mu.L of 20 ng/ml hsIL-6R was added to 100 .mu.L of
the calibration curve samples and plasma samples, and then the
samples were allowed to stand for one hour at room temperature.
Subsequently, the samples were dispensed into the anti-human
IgG-immobilized plates, and allowed to stand for one hour at room
temperature. Then, Biotinylated Anti-Human IL-6R Antibody (R&D)
was added to react for one hour at room temperature. Subsequently,
Streptavidin-PolyHRP80 (Stereospecific Detection Technologies) was
added to react for one hour at room temperature, and chromogenic
reaction was carried out using TMP One Component HRP Microwell
Substrate (BioFX Laboratories) as a substrate. After stopping the
reaction with 1N sulfuric acid (Showa Chemical), the absorbance at
450 nm was measured by a microplate reader. The concentration in
mouse plasma was calculated from the absorbance of the calibration
curve using the analytical software SOFTmax PRO (Molecular
Devices). The time course of plasma concentration after intravenous
administration as measured by this method is shown in FIG. 31 for
human FcRn transgenic mice and FIG. 33 for normal mice.
(3-4) Measurement of hsIL-6R Plasma Concentration by
Electrochemiluminescence Assay
[0541] The concentration of hsIL-6R in mouse plasma was measured by
electrochemiluminescence. hsIL-6R calibration curve samples
adjusted to concentrations of 2,000, 1,000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5,
and 31.25 .mu.g/ml, and mouse plasma samples diluted 50-fold or
more were prepared. The samples were mixed with a solution of
Monoclonal Anti-human IL-6R Antibody (R&D) ruthenium-labeled
with Sulfo-Tag NHS Ester (Meso Scale Discovery), Biotinylated
Anti-human IL-6R Antibody (R&D), and WT-IgG1, and then allowed
to react overnight at 37.degree. C. The final concentration of
WT-IgG1 as an anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody, comprising H (WT)
(SEQ ID NO: 13) and L (WT) (SEQ ID NO: 14), was 333 .mu.g/ml, which
is in excess of the concentration of anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibody contained in the samples, for the purpose of binding
nearly all of the hsIL-6R molecules in the samples to WT-IgG1.
Subsequently, the samples were dispensed into an MA400 PR
Streptavidin Plate (Meso Scale Discovery), and allowed to react for
one hour at room temperature, and washing was performed.
Immediately after Read Buffer T (.times.4) (Meso Scale Discovery)
was dispensed, the measurement was performed by the Sector PR 400
Reader (Meso Scale Discovery). The hsIL-6R concentration was
calculated based on the response of the calibration curve using the
analytical software SOFTmax PRO (Molecular Devices). The time
course of plasma hsIL-6R concentration after intravenous
administration as measured by this method is shown in FIG. 32 for
human FcRn transgenic mice and FIG. 34 for normal mice.
(3-5) Determination of Free hsIL-6R Concentration in Plasma by
Electrochemiluminescence Assay
[0542] To assess the degree of neutralization of soluble human IL-6
receptor in plasma, the concentration of soluble human IL-6
receptor free of (non-neutralized by) anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibody (free hsIL-6R concentration) in mouse plasma was
determined by electrochemiluminescence assay. All IgG-type
antibodies (mouse IgG, anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody, and
anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody-soluble human IL-6 receptor
complex) in plasma were adsorbed onto protein A by adding 12 .mu.l
each of hsIL-6R standard samples prepared at 10,000, 5,000, 2,500,
1,250, 625, 312.5, or 156.25 .mu.g/ml and mouse plasma samples onto
an appropriate amount of rProtein A Sepharose Fast Flow (GE
Healthcare) resin dried on 0.22-1.1m filter cup (Millipore). Then,
the solution in a cup was spun down using a high-speed centrifuge
to collect the solution that passed through. The passed-through
solution does not contain Protein A-bound anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibody-soluble human IL-6 receptor complex. Thus, the
concentration of free hsIL-6R in plasma can be determined by
measuring the concentration of hsIL-6R in the passed-through
solution. Then, the passed-through solution was mixed with a
monoclonal anti-human IL-6R antibody (R&D) ruthenium-labeled
with SULFO-TAG NHS Ester (Meso Scale Discovery) and a biotinylated
anti-human IL-6 R antibody (R&D). The resulting mixture was
incubated at room temperature for one hour, and then aliquoted to
MA400 PR Streptavidin Plate (Meso Scale Discovery). After another
hour of incubation at room temperature, the plate was washed and
Read Buffer T (.times.4) (Meso Scale Discovery) was aliquoted
thereto Immediately, the plate was measured in SECTOR PR 400 reader
(Meso Scale Discovery). The hsIL-6R concentration was calculated
based on the response in the standard curve using the analysis
software SOFTmax PRO (Molecular Devices). A time course of free
hsIL-6R concentration in the plasma of normal mice after
intravenous administration determined by the above-described method
is shown in FIG. 35.
(3-6) Effect of pH-Dependent Binding to Human IL-6 Receptor
[0543] H54/L28-IgG1 and Fv-4-IgG1 which binds to human IL-6
receptor in a pH-dependent manner were tested in vivo, and the
results were compared between them. As shown in FIGS. 31 and 33,
the antibody retention in plasma was comparable. Meanwhile, as
shown in FIGS. 32 and 34, hsIL-6R simultaneously administered with
Fv-4-IgG1 which binds to human IL-6 receptor in a pH-dependent
manner was found to accelerate the elimination of hsIL-6R as
compared to hsIL-6R simultaneously administered with H54/L28-IgG1.
The above tendency was observed in both human FcRn transgenic and
normal mice; thus, it was demonstrated that by conferring a
pH-dependent human IL-6 receptor-binding ability, the plasma
hsIL-6R concentration four days after administration could be
decreased by about 17 and 34 times, respectively.
(3-7) Effect of FcRn Binding Under Neutral Condition (pH 7.4)
[0544] Natural human IgG1 has been reported to hardly bind to (have
extremely low affinity for) human FcRn under a neutral condition
(pH 7.4). The human FcRn binding under a neutral condition (pH 7.4)
was reported to be augmented by substituting Trp for Asn at
position 434 (EU numbering) in natural human IgG1 (J. Immunol.
(2009) 182 (12): 7663-71). Fv-4-IgG1-v2 which results from
introducing the above amino acid substitution into Fv-4-IgG1 was
tested by an in vivo test using human FcRn transgenic mice. The
test result was compared to that of Fv-4-IgG1. As shown in FIG. 31,
the antibody plasma retention was comparable between the two.
Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 32, hsIL-6R simultaneously administered
with Fv-4-IgG1-v2 that exhibits enhanced human FcRn binding under a
neutral condition (pH 7.4) was found to be eliminated faster as
compared to hsIL-6R simultaneously administered with Fv-4-IgG1.
Thus, it was demonstrated that by conferring the ability to bind to
human FcRn under a neutral condition (pH 7.4), the plasma
concentration of hsIL-6R four days after administration could be
reduced by about four times.
[0545] Based on the homology between human FcRn and mouse FcRn, the
substitution of Trp for Asn at position 434 in EU numbering is
assumed to augment the binding to mouse FcRn under a neutral
condition (pH 7.4). Meanwhile, the binding to mouse FcRn under a
neutral condition (pH 7.4) has been reported to be augmented by
substituting Tyr for Met at position 252, Thr for Ser at position
254, and Glu for Thr at position 256 in EU numbering (J. Immunol.
(2002) 169(9): 5171-80). Fv-4-IgG1-v1 and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 which result
from introducing the above-described amino acid substitutions into
Fv-4-IgG1 were tested in vivo using normal mice. The test results
were compared to that of Fv-4-IgG1. As shown in FIG. 33, the plasma
retention times of Fv-4-IgG1-v1 and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 which had also
been improved to increase the binding to mouse FcRn under a neutral
condition (pH 7.4) were slightly shortened (the neutralizing
antibody concentrations in plasma one day after administration were
reduced by about 1.5 and 1.9 times, respectively) as compared to
Fv-4-IgG1.
[0546] As shown in FIG. 34, hsIL-6R simultaneously administered
with Fv-4-IgG1-v1 or Fv-4-IgG1-v2 which had been improved to
increase the binding to mouse FcRn under a neutral condition (pH
7.4) was demonstrated to be eliminated markedly faster as compared
to hsIL-6R simultaneously administered with Fv-4-IgG1. Fv-4-IgG1-v1
and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 reduced the plasma hsIL-6R concentrations one day
after administration by about 32 and 80 times, respectively. Thus,
it was revealed that the plasma concentration could be reduced by
conferring mouse FcRn-binding ability under a neutral condition (pH
7.4). As described above, by conferring the mouse FcRn-binding
ability under a neutral condition (pH 7.4), the plasma antibody
concentration was slightly reduced; however, the effect of reducing
the plasma hsIL-6R concentration, which largely exceeded the
decrease in antibody concentration, was produced. Furthermore,
hsIL-6R simultaneously administered with Fv-4-IgG1-v1 or
Fv-4-IgG1-v2 was found to be eliminated faster even when compared
to the group administered with hsIL-6R alone. As shown in FIG. 34,
it was demonstrated that hsIL-6R simultaneously administered with
Fv-4-IgG1-v1 or Fv-4-IgG1-v2 could reduce the plasma hsIL-6R
concentration one day after administration by about 4 or 11 times,
respectively, as compared to hsIL-6R alone. Specifically, this
means that the elimination of soluble IL-6 receptor could be
accelerated by administering the antibody that binds to soluble
IL-6 receptor in a pH-dependent manner and which is conferred with
mouse FcRn-binding ability under a neutral condition (pH 7.4).
Specifically, the plasma antigen concentration can be reduced in
vivo by administering such an antibody to the body.
[0547] As shown in FIG. 35, free hsIL-6R was in a detectable
concentration range for seven days after administration of
H54/L28-IgG1, while free hsIL-6R was undetectable after one day
following administration of Fv-4-IgG1. On the other hand, free
hsIL-6R was not detectable after seven hours following
administration of Fv-4-IgG1-v1 or Fv-4-IgG1-v2. Specifically, the
free hsIL-6R concentration was lower in the presence of Fv-4-IgG1
that binds to hsIL-6R in a pH-dependent manner as compared to
H54/L28-IgG1, suggesting that a strong hsIL-6R-neutralizing effect
was produced by conferring the pH-dependent hsIL-6R-binding
ability. Furthermore, the free hsIL-6R concentration was much lower
in the presence of Fv-4-IgG1-v1 or Fv-4-IgG1-v2, both of which were
modified from Fv-4-IgG1 to increase the FcRn-binding ability at pH
7.4. This demonstrates that a much stronger hsIL-6R-neutralizing
effect can be produced by increasing the FcRn-binding ability at pH
7.4.
[0548] When administered, an ordinary neutralizing antibody such as
H54/L28-IgG1 reduces the clearance of a binding antigen, resulting
in prolonged antigen plasma retention. It is not preferred that
administered antibodies prolong the plasma retention of an antigen
whose action is intended to be neutralized by the antibodies. The
antigen plasma retention can be shortened by conferring the pH
dependency to antigen binding (the antibody binds under neutral
conditions but is dissociated under acidic conditions). In the
present invention, the antigen retention time in plasma could be
further shortened by additionally conferring human FcRn-binding
ability under a neutral condition (pH 7.4). Furthermore, it was
demonstrated that as compared to clearance of antigen alone,
antigen clearance could be increased by administering an antibody
that binds to an antigen in a pH dependent manner, and which is
conferred with FcRn-binding ability under a neutral condition (pH
7.4). To date, there is no method available for increasing antigen
clearance by antibody administration relative to clearance of
antigen alone. Thus, the methods established as described in this
EXAMPLE are very useful as a method for eliminating antigens from
plasma by administering antibodies. Furthermore, the present
inventors discovered for the first time the advantage of increasing
the FcRn-binding ability under a neutral condition (pH 7.4).
Furthermore, both v-4-IgG1-v1 and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 which have different
amino acid substitutions that increase the FcRn-binding ability
under a neutral condition (pH 7.4) produced comparable effects.
This suggests that regardless of the type of amino acid
substitution, every amino acid substitution that increases the
human FcRn-binding ability under a neutral condition (pH 7.4)
potentially has an effect of accelerating antigen elimination.
Specifically, antibody molecules that eliminate antigens from
plasma when administered can be produced using the following amino
acid substitutions alone or in combination:
an amino acid substitution of Ile for Pro at position 257 and an
amino acid substitution of Ile for Gln at position 311 in EU
numbering, both of which have been reported in J Biol. Chem. 2007,
282(3): 1709-17; an amino acid substitution of Ala, Tyr, or Trp for
Asn at position 434, an amino acid substitution of Tyr for Met at
position 252, an amino acid substitution of Gln for Thr at position
307, an amino acid substitution of Pro for Val at position 308, an
amino acid substitution of Gln for Thr at position 250, an amino
acid substitution of Leu for Met at position 428, an amino acid
substitution of Ala for Glu at position 380, an amino acid
substitution of Val for Ala at position 378, an amino acid
substitution of Ile for Tyr at position 436 in EU numbering, all of
which have been reported in J. Immunol. (2009) 182(12): 7663-71; an
amino acid substitution of Tyr for Met at position 252, an amino
acid substitution of Thr for Ser at position 254, an amino acid
substitution of Glu for Thr at position 256 in EU numbering, all of
which have been reported in J Biol. Chem. 2006 Aug. 18, 281(33):
23514-24; an amino acid substitution of Lys for His at position
433, an amino acid substitution of Phe for Asn at position 434, and
an amino acid substitution of His for Tyr at position 436 in EU
numbering, all of which have been reported in Nat. Biotechnol. 2005
Oct. 23(10): 1283-8; and the like.
Reference Example 4
Assessment of Human FcRn-Binding Activity
[0549] For the Biacore-based assay system for testing the
interaction between antibody and FcRn, a system that immobilizes
antibody on a sensor chip and uses human FcRn as an analyte is
reported in J. Immunol. (2009) 182(12): 7663-71. For this purpose,
human FcRn was prepared as described in Reference Example 4.
Fv-4-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1-v1, and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 were assessed for the
human FcRn-binding activity (dissociation constant (KD)) at pH 6.0
and pH 7.4 by using the above-described system. The antibodies were
tested as a test substance after direct immobilization onto Series
S Sensor Chip CM5. Using an amino-coupling kit according to the
supplier's instruction manual, the antibodies were immobilized onto
Sensor Chip so as to secure an immobilization amount of 500 RU. The
running buffer used was 50 mmol/l Na-phosphate/150 mmol/l NaCl
containing 0.05% (v/v %) Surfactant P20 (pH 6.0).
[0550] With the prepared sensor chips, assay was carried out using
as a running buffer, 50 mmol/l Na-phosphate/150 mmol/l NaCl
containing 0.05% Surfactant P20 (pH 6.0) or 50 mmol/l
Na-phosphate/150 mmol/l NaCl containing 0.05% Surfactant P20 (pH
7.4). Assays were carried out exclusively at 25.degree. C. The
diluted human FcRn solutions and running buffer as a reference
solution were injected at a flow rate of 5 .mu.l/min for ten
minutes to allow for human FcRn to interact with the antibody on
the chip. Next, the running buffer was injected at a flow rate of 5
.mu.l/min for one minute to monitor the dissociation of FcRn. Then,
the sensor chip was regenerated by two rounds of injection of 20
mmol/l Tris-HC1/150 mmol/l NaCl (pH 8.1) at a flow rate of 30
.mu.l/min for 15 seconds.
[0551] The assay results were analyzed using Biacore T100
Evaluation Software (Ver. 2.0.1). By a steady-state affinity
method, the dissociation constant (KD) was calculated from the
assay results at six different FcRn concentrations. The results on
the human FcRn-binding activities (dissociation constants (KD)) of
Fv-4-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1-v1, and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 at pH 6.0 and pH 7.4 are
shown in Table 24 below.
TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 24 KD (.mu.M) pH 6.0 pH 7.4 Fv4-IgG1 1.99 NA
Fv4-IgG1-v1 0.32 36.55 Fv4-IgG1-v2 0.11 11.03
[0552] At pH 7.4, the binding of human FcRn to Fv-4-IgG1 was too
weak to determine the KD value (NA). Meanwhile, Fv-4-IgG1-v1 and
Fv-4-IgG1-v2 were observed to bind to human FcRn at pH 7.4, and the
KD values were determined to be 36.55 and 11.03 .mu.M,
respectively. The KD values for human FcRn at pH 6.0 were
determined to be 1.99, 0.32, and 0.11 .mu.M. As shown in FIG. 31,
when compared to Fv-4-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1-v2 accelerated the
elimination of hsIL-6R in human FcRn transgenic mice. Thus, antigen
elimination can be predicted to be accelerated by augmenting the
human FcRn binding at pH 7.4 at least to be stronger than 11.03
.mu.M by alteration of human IgG1. Meanwhile, as described in J.
Immunol. (2002) 169(9): 5171-80, human IgG1 binds about ten times
more strongly to mouse FcRn than human FcRn. For this reason,
Fv-4-IgG1-v1 and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 are also predicted to bind about ten
times more strongly to mouse FcRn than human FcR at pH 7.4.
Acceleration of the hsIL-6R elimination by Fv-4-IgG1-v1 or
Fv-4-IgG1-v2 in normal mice shown in FIG. 34 is more significant
than acceleration of the elimination by Fv-4-IgG1-v2 in human FcRn
transgenic mice shown in FIG. 32. This suggests that the degree of
acceleration of hsIL-6R elimination is increased according to the
strength of FcRn binding at pH 7.4.
Reference Example 5
Preparation of pH-Dependent Human IL-6 Receptor-Binding Antibodies
with Enhanced Human FcRn Binding Under Neutral Condition
(5-1) Preparation of Heavy Chain Constant Region Mutants of
Fv-4-IgG1
[0553] Various alterations to augment the human FcRn binding under
a neutral condition were introduced into Fv-4-IgG1 to further
enhance the antigen elimination effect of the pH-dependent human
IL-6 receptor-binding antibody in human FcRn transgenic mice.
Specifically, the amino acid alterations shown in Tables 25-1 and
25-2 were introduced into the heavy chain constant region of
Fv-4-IgG1 to produce various mutants (amino acid numbers of the
mutation sites are presented according to EU numbering). The amino
acid substitutions were introduced by methods known to those
skilled in the art as described in Reference Example 3.
TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 25-1 VARIANT NAME KD (M) AMINO ACID ALTERATION
IgG1 ND NONE IgG1-v1 3.2E-06 M252Y/S254T/T256E IgG1-v2 8.1E-07
N434W IgG1-F3 2.5E-06 N434Y IgG1-F4 5.8E-06 N434S IgG1-F5 6.8E-06
N434A IgG1-F7 5.6E-06 M252Y IgG1-F8 4.2E-06 M252W IgG1-F9 1.4E-07
M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434Y IgG1-F10 6.9E-08 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434W
IgG1-F11 3.1E-07 M252Y/N434Y IgG1-F12 1.7E-07 M252Y/N434W IgG1-F13
3.2E-07 M252W/N434Y IgG1-F14 1.8E-07 M252W/N434W IgG1-F19 4.6E-07
P257L/N434Y IgG1-F20 4.6E-07 V308F/N434Y IgG1-F21 3.0E-08
M252Y/V308P/N434Y IgG1-F22 2.0E-06 M428L/N434S IgG1-F25 9.2E-09
M252Y/S254T/T256E/V308P/N434W IgG1-F26 1.0E-06 I332V IgG1-F27
7.4E-06 G237M IgG1-F29 1.4E-06 I332V/N434Y IgG1-F31 2.8E-06
G237M/V308F IgG1-F32 8.0E-07 S254T/N434W IgG1-F33 2.3E-06
S254T/N434Y IgG1-F34 2.8E-07 T256E/N434W IgG1-F35 8.4E-07
T256E/N434Y IgG1-F36 3.6E-07 S254T/T256E/N434W IgG1-F37 1.1E-06
S254T/T256E N434Y IgG1-F38 1.0E-07 M252Y/S254T/N434W IgG1-F39
3.0E-07 M252Y/S254T/N434Y IgG1-F40 8.2E-08 M252Y/T256E/N434W
IgG1-F41 1.5E-07 M252Y/T256E/N434Y IgG1-F42 1.0E-06
M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434A IgG1-F43 1.7E-06 M252Y/N434A IgG1-F44
1.1E-06 M252W/N434A IgG1-F47 2.4E-07 M252Y/T256Q/N434W IgG1-F48
3.2E-07 M252Y/T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F49 5.1E-07 M252F/T256D/N434W
IgG1-F50 1.2E-06 M252F/T256D/N434Y IgG1-F51 8.1E-06 N434F/Y436H
IgG1-F52 3.1E-06 H433K/N434F/Y436H IgG1-F53 1.0E-06 I332V/N434W
IgG1-F54 8.4E-08 V308P/N434W IgG1-F56 9.4E-07 I332V/M428L/N434Y
IgG1-F57 1.1E-05 G385D/Q386P/N389S IgG1-F58 7.7E-07
G385D/Q386P/N389S/N434W IgG1-F59 2.4E-06 G385D/Q386P/N389S/N434Y
IgG1-F60 1.1E-05 G385H IgG1-F61 9.7E-07 G385H/N434W IgG1-F62
1.9E-06 G385H /N434Y IgG1-F63 2.5E-06 N434F IgG1-F64 5.3E-06
N434H
TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 25-2 Table 25-2 is the continuation of Table
25-1. IgG1-F65 2.9E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434F IgG1-F66 4.3E-07
M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434H IgG1-F67 6.3E-07 M252Y/N434F IgG1-F68
9.3E-07 M252Y/N434H IgG1-F69 5.1E-07 M428L/N434W IgG1-F70 1.5E-06
M428L/N434Y IgG1-F71 8.3E-08 M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434W IgG1-F72
2.0E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434Y IgG1-F73 1.7E-07
M252Y/M428L/N434W IgG1-F74 4.6E-07 M252Y/M428L/N434Y IgG1-F75
1.4E-06 M252Y/M428L/N434A IgG1-F76 1.0E-06
M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434A IgG1-F77 9.9E-07 T256E/M428L/N434Y
IgG1-F78 7.8E-07 S254T/M428L/N434W IgG1-F79 5.9E-06
S254T/T256E/N434A IgG1-F80 2.7E-06 M252Y/T256Q/N434A IgG1-F81
1.6E-06 M252Y/T256E/N434A IgG1-F82 1.1E-06 T256Q/N434W IgG1-F83
2.6E-06 T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F84 2.8E-07 M252W/T256Q/N434W IgG1-F85
5.5E-07 M252W/T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F86 1.5E-06 S254T/T256Q/N434W
IgG1-F87 4.3E-06 S254T/T256Q/N434Y IgG1-F88 1.9E-07
M252Y/S254T/T256Q/N434W IgG1-F89 3.6E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256Q/N434Y
IgG1-F90 1.9E-08 M252Y/T256E/V308P/N434W IgG1-F91 4.8E-08
M252Y/V308P/M428L/N434Y IgG1-F92 1.1E-08
M252Y/S254T/T256E/V308P/M428L/N434W IgG1-F93 7.4E-07
M252W/M428L/N434W IgG1-F94 3.7E-07 P257L/M428L/N434Y IgG1-F95
2.6E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434F IgG1-F99 6.2E-07
M252Y/T256E/N434H
[0554] The variants each comprising a prepared heavy chain and L
(WT) (SEQ ID NO: 14) were expressed and purified by methods known
to those skilled in the art as described in Reference Example
3.
(5-2) Assessment of Human FcRn Binding
[0555] The binding between antibody and human FcRn was kinetically
analyzed using Biacore T100 (GE Healthcare). For this purpose,
human FcRn was prepared as described in Reference Example 2. An
appropriate amount of protein L (ACTIGEN) was immobilized onto
Sensor chip CM4 (GE Healthcare) by the amino coupling method, and
the chip was allowed to capture an antibody of interest. Then,
diluted FcRn solutions and running buffer (as a reference solution)
were injected to allow human FcRn to interact with the antibody
captured on the sensor chip. The running buffer used comprised 50
mmol/l sodium phosphate, 150 mmol/l NaCl, and 0.05% (w/v) Tween20
(pH 7.0). FcRn was diluted using each buffer. The chip was
regenerated using 10 mmol/l glycine-HCl (pH 1.5). Assays were
carried out exclusively at 25.degree. C. The association rate
constant ka (1/Ms) and dissociation rate constant kd (1/s), both of
which are kinetic parameters, were calculated based on the
sensorgrams obtained in the assays, and KD (M) of each antibody for
human FcRn was determined from these values. Each parameter was
calculated using Biacore T100 Evaluation Software (GE
Healthcare).
[0556] The assessment result on the human FcRn binding under a
neutral condition (pH 7.0) by Biacore is shown in Tables 6-1 and
6-2. The KD of the natural IgG1 could not be calculated because it
exhibited only very weak binding. Thus, the KD is indicated as ND
in Table 6-1.
Reference Example 6
In Vivo Test of pH-Dependent Human IL-6 Receptor-Binding Antibodies
with Enhanced Human FcRn Binding Under the Neutral Condition
[0557] pH-dependent human IL-6 receptor-binding antibodies having
human FcRn binding ability under a neutral condition were produced
using the heavy chains prepared as described in Reference Example 4
to have human FcRn binding ability under a neutral condition. The
antibodies were assessed for their in vivo antigen elimination
effect. Specifically, the antibodies listed below were expressed
and purified by methods known to those skilled in the art as
described in Reference Example 3:
Fv-4-IgG1 comprising VH3-IgG1 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-v2 comprising
VH3-IgG1-v2 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F14 comprising VH3-IgG1-F14 and
VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F20 comprising VH3-IgG1-F20 and VL3-CK;
Fv-4-IgG1-F21 comprising VH3-IgG1-F21 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F25
comprising VH3-IgG1-F25 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F29 comprising
VH3-IgG1-F29 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F35 comprising VH3-IgG1-F35 and
VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F48 comprising VH3-IgG1-F48 and VL3-CK;
Fv-4-IgG1-F93 comprising VH3-IgG1-F93 and VL3-CK; and Fv-4-IgG1-F94
comprising VH3-IgG1-F94 and VL3-CK.
[0558] By the same methods described in Reference Example 3, the
prepared pH-dependent human IL-6 receptor-binding antibodies were
tested in vivo using human FcRn transgenic mice (B6.mFcRn-/-.hFcRn
Tg line 276+/+ mouse, Jackson Laboratories; Methods Mol. Biol.
(2010) 602: 93-104).
[0559] A time course of plasma concentration of soluble human IL-6
receptor after intravenous administration to human FcRn transgenic
mice is shown in FIG. 36. The test result showed that the plasma
concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor remained low over time
in the presence of any of the pH-dependent human IL-6
receptor-binding antibodies with augmented human FcRn binding under
neutral condition, as compared to in the presence of Fv-4-IgG1
which has almost no human FcRn binding ability under neutral
condition. Among others, antibodies that produced the remarkable
effect include, for example, Fv-4-IgG1-F14. The plasma
concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor simultaneously
administered with Fv-4-IgG1-F14 was demonstrated to be reduced by
about 54 times one day after administration as compared to that of
soluble human IL-6 receptor simultaneously administered with
Fv-4-IgG1. Furthermore, the plasma concentration of soluble human
IL-6 receptor simultaneously administered with Fv-4-IgG1-F21 was
demonstrated to be reduced by about 24 times seven hours after
administration as compared to that of soluble human IL-6 receptor
simultaneously administered with Fv-4-IgG1. In addition, the plasma
concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor simultaneously
administered with Fv-4-IgG1-F25 seven hours after administration
was below the detection limit (1.56 ng/ml). Thus, Fv-4-IgG1-F25 was
expected to enable a remarkable reduction of 200 or more times in
the concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor relative to the
concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor simultaneously
administered with Fv-4-IgG1. The findings described above
demonstrate that augmentation of the human FcRn binding of
pH-dependent antigen-binding antibodies under a neutral condition
is highly effective for enhancing the antigen elimination effect.
Meanwhile, the type of amino acid alteration to augment human FcRn
binding under neutral condition, which is introduced to enhance the
antigen elimination effect, is not particularly limited; and such
alterations include those shown in Tables 6-1 and 6-2. The antigen
elimination effect can be predicted to be enhanced in vivo by any
introduced alteration.
[0560] Furthermore, the plasma concentration of soluble human IL-6
receptor simultaneously administered with one of the four types of
pH-dependent human IL-6 receptor-binding antibodies, Fv-4-IgG1-F14,
Fv-4-IgG1-F21, Fv-4-IgG1-F25, and Fv-4-IgG1-F48, remained lower
over time than that of soluble human IL-6 receptor administered
alone. Such a pH-dependent human IL-6 receptor-binding antibody can
be administered to the body where the plasma concentration of
soluble human IL-6 receptor is kept constant (steady state) to keep
the plasma concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor lower than
the steady-state concentration in plasma. Specifically, the in vivo
antigen concentration in plasma can be reduced by administering
such an antibody to the body.
Reference Example 7
Assessment for the Effectiveness of Low-Dose (0.01 mg/kg)
Fv-4-IgG1-F14
[0561] Fv-4-IgG1-F14 prepared as described in Reference Example 6
was tested at a low dose (0.01 mg/kg) by the same in vivo test
method as described in Reference Example 6. The result (shown in
FIGS. 37 and 38) was compared to that described in Reference
Example 6, which was obtained by administering Fv-4-IgG1 and
Fv-4-IgG1-F14 at 1 mg/kg.
[0562] The result showed that although the plasma antibody
concentration in the group administered with Fv-4-IgG1-F14 at 0.01
mg/kg was about 100 times lower as compared to the group
administered at 1 mg/kg (FIG. 38), the time courses of plasma
concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor were comparable to
each other (FIG. 37). In addition, it was demonstrated that the
plasma concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor seven hours
after administration in the group administered with Fv-4-IgG1-F14
at 0.01 mg/kg was reduced by about three times as compared to that
in the group administered with Fv-4-IgG1 at 1 mg/kg. Furthermore,
in the presence of Fv-4-IgG1-F14, the plasma concentration of
soluble human IL-6 receptor was lower over time in both groups
administered at different doses when compared to the group
administered with soluble human IL-6 receptor alone (FIG. 37).
[0563] The finding demonstrates that even when administered at a
dose one-hundredth of that of Fv-4-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1-F14 which
results from modification of Fv-4-IgG1 to augment human FcRn
binding under a neutral condition effectively reduces the plasma
concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor. Specifically, it is
predicted that antigens can be efficiently eliminated even at a
lower dose when a pH-dependent antigen-binding antibody is modified
to augment its FcRn-binding ability under neutral condition.
Reference Example 8
In Vivo Test Based on the Steady-State Model Using Normal Mice
(8-1) Assessment of the Binding to Mouse FcRn Under Neutral
Condition
[0564] VH3/L (WT)-IgG1 comprising VH3-IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and L
(WT) (SEQ ID NO: 14), VH3/L (WT)-IgG1-v2 comprising VH3-IgG1-v2
(SEQ ID NO: 22) and L (WT) (SEQ ID NO: 14), and VH3/L (WT)-IgG1-F20
comprising VH3-IgG1-F20 (SEQ ID NO: 23) and L (WT) (SEQ ID NO: 14),
all of which were prepared as described in Reference Example 5,
were assessed for mouse FcRn binding under a neutral condition (pH
7.4) by the method described below.
[0565] The binding between antibody and mouse FcRn was kinetically
analyzed using Biacore T100 (GE Healthcare). An appropriate amount
of protein L (ACTIGEN) was immobilized onto Sensor chip CM4 (GE
Healthcare) by the amino coupling method, and the chip was allowed
to capture an antibody of interest. Then, diluted FcRn solutions
and running buffer (as a reference solution) were injected to allow
mouse FcRn to interact with the antibody captured on the sensor
chip. The running buffer used contains 50 mmol/l sodium phosphate,
150 mmol/l NaCl, and 0.05% (w/v) Tween20 (pH 7.4). FcRn was diluted
using each buffer. The chip was regenerated using 10 mmol/l
glycine-HCl (pH 1.5). Assays were carried out exclusively at
25.degree. C. The association rate constant ka (1/Ms) and
dissociation rate constant k.sub.d (1/s), both of which are kinetic
parameters, were calculated based on the sensorgrams obtained in
the assays, and the KD (M) of each antibody for mouse FcRn was
determined from these values. Each parameter was calculated using
Biacore T100 Evaluation Software (GE Healthcare).
[0566] The result is shown in Table 26 (affinity for mouse FcRn at
pH 7.4). VH3/L (WT)-IgG1 (IgG1 in Table 26) whose constant region
is of the natural IgG1 exhibited only very weak binding to mouse
FcRn. Thus, the KD could not be calculated and is indicated as ND
in Table 26. The assay result showed that the altered antibodies
with enhanced human FcRn binding under neutral condition also
exhibited augmented binding to mouse FcRn under the neutral
condition.
TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 26 KD (M) IgG1 ND IgG1-v2 1.04E-06 IgG1-F20
1.17E-07
(8-2) In Vivo Test Using Normal Mice with a Constant Plasma
Concentration of Soluble Human IL-6 Receptor
[0567] Using H54/L28-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1-v2, and
Fv-4-IgG1-F20 prepared as described in Example 3 and Reference
Example 5, an in vivo test was conducted by the method described
below.
[0568] An infusion pump (MINI-OSMOTIC PUMP MODEL 2004; alzet)
containing soluble human IL-6 receptor was implanted under the skin
on the back of normal mice (C57BL/6J mice; Charles River Japan) to
prepare model animals where the plasma concentration of soluble
human IL-6 receptor was kept constant. Anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibodies were administered to the model animals to assess the in
vivo kinetics after administration of soluble human IL-6 receptor.
Monoclonal anti-mouse CD4 antibody (R&D) was administered at 20
mg/kg once into the caudal vein to suppress the production of
neutralizing antibody against soluble human IL-6 receptor. Then, an
infusion pump containing 92.8 .mu.g/ml soluble human IL-6 receptor
was implanted under the skin on the back of the mice. Three days
after implantation of an infusion pump, anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibodies were administered at 1 mg/kg once into the caudal vein.
Blood was collected 15 minutes, seven hours, one day, two days,
three days, four days, seven days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days
after administration of the anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody. The
collected blood was immediately centrifuged at 15,000 rpm and
4.degree. C. for 15 minutes to separate plasma. The separated
plasma was stored in a refrigerator at or below -20.degree. C.
before assay.
(8-3) Determination of Plasma Concentration of Anti-Human IL-6
Receptor Antibodies by ELISA
[0569] The method used was the same as described in Reference
Example 3.
(8-4) Determination of Plasma hsIL-6R Concentration by
Electrochemiluminescence Assay
[0570] The method used was the same as described in Example 5.
[0571] As shown in FIG. 39, the plasma concentration of soluble
human IL-6 receptor was elevated to 650 ng/ml (15 times before
administration) when H54/L28-IgG1, a neutralizing antibody against
soluble human IL-6 receptor, was administered to normal mice
(hsIL-6R group) in which the plasma concentration of soluble human
IL-6 receptor was kept constantly at about 40 ng/ml. On the other
hand, the plasma concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor was
maintained at about 70 ng/ml in the group administered with
Fv-4-IgG1 which results from conferring H54/L28-IgG1 with a
pH-dependent antigen binding ability. This suggests that the
increase in the plasma concentration of soluble human IL-6 receptor
caused by administration of H54/L28-IgG1, an ordinary neutralizing
antibody, can be suppressed to about one tenth by conferring the
pH-dependent binding ability.
[0572] Furthermore, the plasma concentration of soluble human IL-6
receptor was demonstrated to be maintained at or below one tenth of
the steady-state concentration by administering Fv-IgG1-v2 or
Fv-IgG1-F20, both of which resulted from introducing an alteration
into a pH-dependent human IL-6 receptor-binding antibody to augment
the FcRn binding under neutral condition. When Fv-IgG1-v2 was
administered, the plasma concentration of soluble human IL-6
receptor 14 days after administration was about 2 ng/ml. Thus,
Fv-IgG1-v2 could reduce the concentration to 1/20 of the level
before administration. Meanwhile, when Fv-IgG1-F20 was
administered, the plasma concentrations of soluble human IL-6
receptor seven hours, one day, two days, and four days after
administration were below the detection limit (1.56 ng/ml). This
suggests that Fv-IgG1-F20 reduced the concentration to or below
1/25 of the level before administration.
[0573] The findings described above demonstrate that the plasma
antigen concentration can be significantly reduced by increasing
the antigen elimination rate in plasma, by administering an
antibody having both pH-dependent antigen-binding ability and
FcRn-binding ability under the neutral condition to model animals
in which the plasma antigen concentration is kept constant.
[0574] Common antibodies such as H54/L28-IgG1 can only neutralize
the action of a target antigen by binding to the target antigen,
and even worse they increase the plasma antigen concentration. By
contrast, antibodies having both pH-dependent antigen-binding
ability and FcRn-binding ability under neutral condition were found
to be able to not only neutralize the target antigen but also
reduce the plasma concentration of the target antigen. The effect
of antigen removal from the plasma can be expected to be more
beneficial than neutralization. In addition, antigen removal can
also work for target antigens that are insufficiently effective by
neutralization alone.
Reference Example 9
Identification of Threshold of the Binding Affinity to Human FcRn
at Neutral pH Required to Enhance Antigen Elimination and
Relationship Between Antigen Elimination and the Binding Affinity
to Human FcRn at Neutral pH
(9-1) Antibody Preparation for In Vivo Study
[0575] Fc variants of Fv-4-IgG1 comprising VH3-IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 19)
and VL3-CK (SEQ ID NO: 20) with increased FcRn binding under the
neutral pH were generated. Specifically, VH3-M73 (SEQ ID NO: 24)
and VH3-IgG1-v1 (SEQ ID NO: 21) was prepared. The amino acid
substitutions were introduced by methods known to those skilled in
the art as described in Reference Example 3.
[0576] H54/L28-IgG1 comprising H54 (SEQ ID NO: 5) and L28 (SEQ ID
NO: 6), Fv-4-IgG1 comprising VH3-IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and VL3-CK
(SEQ ID NO: 20), Fv-4-M73 comprising VH3-M73 (SEQ ID NO: 24) and
VL3-CK (SEQ ID NO: 20), Fv-4-IgG1-v1 comprising VH3-IgG1-v1 (SEQ ID
NO: 21) and VL3-CK (SEQ ID NO: 20), and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 comprising
VH3-IgG1-v2 (SEQ ID NO: 22) and VL3-CK (SEQ ID NO: 20), were
expressed and purified by the method known to those skilled in the
art described in Reference Example 3.
(9-2) Assessment of the Binding Affinity of Antibodies to Human
FcRn Under Neutral pH Condition
[0577] VH3/L (WT)-IgG1 comprising VH3-IgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and L
(WT) (SEQ ID NO: 14), VH3/L (WT)-M73 comprising VH3-M73 (SEQ ID NO:
24) and L (WT) (SEQ ID NO: 14), VH3/L (WT)-IgG1-v1 comprising
VH3-IgG1-v1 (SEQ ID NO: 21) and L (WT) (SEQ ID NO: 14), and VH3/L
(WT)-IgG1-v2 comprising VH3-IgG1-v2 (SEQ ID NO: 22) and L (WT) (SEQ
ID NO: 14), all of which were prepared as described in Reference
Example 3, were assessed for human FcRn binding under a neutral pH
(pH 7.0).
[0578] The binding activity of VH3/L (WT)-IgG1-v1 and VH3/L
(WT)-IgG1-v2 to human FcRn was measured using the method described
in Reference Example 5. Due to the low binding activity of VH3/L
(WT)-IgG1 and VH3/L (WT)-M73 to human FcRn, binding activity to
human FcRn could not be measured using the method described in
Example 5, therefore, these antibodies were assessed by the method
described below. The binding between antibody and human FcRn was
kinetically analyzed using Biacore T100 (GE Healthcare). An
appropriate amount of protein L (ACTIGEN) was immobilized onto
Sensor chip CM4 (GE Healthcare) by the amine-coupling method, and
the chip was allowed to capture an antibody of interest. Then,
diluted FcRn solutions and running buffer as a reference solution
were injected to allow for human FcRn to interact with the antibody
captured on the sensor chip. The running buffer used comprised 50
mmol/l sodium phosphate, 150 mmol/l NaCl, and 0.05% (w/v) Tween20
(pH 7.0). FcRn was diluted using each buffer. The chip was
regenerated using 10 mmol/l glycine-HCl (pH 1.5). Assays were
carried out at 25.degree. C.
[0579] KD (M) of each antibody was derived from the sensorgram data
using Biacore T100 Evaluation Software (GE Healthcare), which
simultaneously fits the association and dissociation phases of the
sensorgrams and globally fits all curves in the working set.
Sensorgrams were fit to 1:1 binding model, the "Langmuir binding"
model, supplied by Biacore T100 Evaluation Software. For some of
the binding interactions, KD was derived by nonlinear regression
analysis of plots of R.sub.eq, the equilibrium binding response,
versus the log of the analyte concentration using an
equilibrium-based approach.
[0580] The result on the human FcRn binding under the neutral
condition (pH 7.0) by Biacore is shown in Tables 27.
TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 27 KD(M) IgG1 8.8E-05 M73 1.4E-05 IgG1-v1
3.2E-06 IgG1-v2 8.1E-07
(9-3) In Vivo Studies of Effect of Antibodies on Antigen
Elimination in Co-Administration Model Using Human FcRn Transgenic
Mouse Line 276
[0581] In vivo study of antibodies using co-administration model
was performed as described in Reference Example 3. Anti-human IL-6
receptor antibodies used in this study are the above-described
H54/L28-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1, Fv-4-M73, Fv-4-IgG1-v1 and Fv-4-IgG1-v2.
Mice used in this study is human FcRn transgenic mice
(B6.mFcRn-/-.hFcRn Tg line 276+/+ mouse, Jackson Laboratories;
Methods Mol. Biol. (2010) 602: 93-104).
[0582] As shown in FIG. 40, pharmacokinetics of H54/L28-IgG1,
Fv-4-IgG1, Fv-4-M73, Fv-4-IgG1-v1 and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 were comparable,
and these antibodies maintained similar plasma concentration during
the study.
[0583] Time course of plasma hsIL-6R concentration was show in FIG.
41. Compared to the hsIL-6R administered with Fv-4-IgG1, hsIL-6R
administered with Fv-4-IgG1-v2 exhibited enhanced clearance,
whereas hsIL-6R administered with Fv-4-M73 and Fv-4-IgG1-v1
exhibited reduced clearance. Although all Fc variant, M73, v1, and
v2 have increased binding affinity to human FcRn at neutral pH
condition (pH 7.0), it was demonstrated that only Fv-4-IgG1-v2, but
not Fv-4-M73 and Fv-4-IgG1-v1, exhibited enhanced hsIL-6R
clearance. This indicates that in order to enhance antigen
clearance, binding affinity of antibody to human FcRn at pH 7.0
needs to be at least stronger than IgG1-v1, whose binding affinity
to human FcRn at pH 7.0 is KD 3.2 .mu.M or 28-fold stronger than
intact human IgG1 (binding affinity to human FcRn is KD 88
.mu.M).
[0584] FIG. 42 describes the relationship between the binding
affinity of Fc variants to human FcRn at pH7.0 and plasma hsIL-6R
concentration at day 1 after co-administration of hsIL-6R and Fc
variants. Fc variants described in this Example and Reference
Example 6 (Fv-4-IgG1, Fv-4-M73, Fv-4-IgG1-v1, Fv-4-IgG1-v2,
Fv-4-IgG1-F14, Fv-4-IgG1-F20, Fv-4-IgG1-F21, Fv-4-IgG1-F25,
Fv-4-IgG1-F29, Fv-4-IgG1-F35, Fv-4-IgG1-F48, Fv-4-IgG1-F93, and
Fv-4-IgG1-F94) are plotted. By increasing the binding affinity of
antibody to human FcRn at pH 7.0, plasma concentration of hsIL-6R,
which reflects the clearance of antigen, increased at first, but
then decreased rapidly. This demonstrates that in order to enhance
the antigen clearance compared to intact human IgG1, binding
affinity of antibody to human FcRn at pH 7.0 needs to be preferably
stronger than KD 2.3 .mu.M (value obtained from curve fitting of
FIG. 42). Binding affinity of antibody to human FcRn between KD 88
.mu.M and KD 2.3 .mu.M would rather reduce the antigen clearance
(higher hsIL-6R concentration). In other words, binding affinity of
antibody to human FcRn at pH 7.0 needs to be preferably 38-fold
stronger than natural human IgG1 to enhance antigen elimination, or
otherwise would reduce the antigen clearance.
[0585] FIG. 43 describes the relationship between the binding
affinity of Fc variants to human FcRn at pH 7.0 and plasma antibody
concentration at day 1 after co-administration of hsIL-6R and Fc
variants. Fc variants described in this Example and Reference
Example 6 (Fv-4-IgG1, Fv-4-M73, Fv-4-IgG1-v1, Fv-4-IgG1-v2,
Fv-4-IgG1-F14, Fv-4-IgG1-F20, Fv-4-IgG1-F21, Fv-4-IgG1-F25,
Fv-4-IgG1-F29, Fv-4-IgG1-F35, Fv-4-IgG1-F48, Fv-4-IgG1-F93, and
Fv-4-IgG1-F94) are plotted. By increasing the binding affinity of
antibody to human FcRn at pH 7.0, plasma concentration of antibody,
which reflects antibody pharmacokinetics (clearance), is maintained
at first, but then decreased rapidly. This demonstrates that in
order to maintain pharmacokinetics of antibody similar to natural
human IgG1 (binding affinity to human FcRn is KD 88 .mu.M),
affinity of antibody to human FcRn at pH 7.0 needs to be weaker
than KD 0.2 .mu.M (value obtained from curve fitting of FIG. 43).
Binding affinity of antibody to human FcRn stronger than KD 0.2
.mu.M increased the antibody clearance (i.e. more rapid antibody
elimination from plasma). In other words, binding affinity of
antibody to human FcRn at pH 7.0 needs to be within 440-fold
stronger than natural human IgG1 to exhibit similar antibody
pharmacokinetics as natural human IgG1, or otherwise would result
in rapid antibody elimination from plasma.
[0586] Considering both FIGS. 42 and 43, in order to enhance
antigen clearance (i.e., reduce antigen plasma concentration)
compared to IgG1, while maintaining antibody pharmacokinetics
similar to natural human IgG1, binding affinity of antibody to
human FcRn at pH 7.0 needs to be between 2.3 .mu.M and 0.2 .mu.M,
or in other words, binding affinity of antibody to human FcRn at pH
7.0 needs to be within a range of 38-fold to 440-fold stronger than
intact human IgG1. Such antibody with similar pharmacokinetics as
IgG1 with long-term antigen-elimination activity would be
beneficial for antibody therapeutic which requires longer dosing
interval such as chronic disease because of its long-acting
property.
[0587] On the other hand, by increasing the binding affinity of
antibody to human FcRn at pH 7.0 stronger than KD 0.2 .mu.M, or in
other words, by increasing the binding affinity of antibody to
human FcRn at pH 7.0 more than 440-fold as compared to natural
human IgG1, it would enhance antigen clearance to a large extent
within a short-term, although antibody is eliminated from plasma
faster than natural human IgG1. Such antibody with capability of
inducing rapid and strong reduction of antigen concentration would
be beneficial for antibody therapeutic such as acute disease in
which disease related antigen needs to be removed from plasma
because of its fast-acting property.
[0588] Amount of antigen eliminated from plasma per antibody is the
important factor to evaluate the efficiency of antigen elimination
by administrating the antibody Fc variants having increased binding
affinity to human FcRn at pH 7.0. To evaluate the efficiency of
antigen elimination per antibody, following calculation were
conducted at each time point of in vivo study described in this
Example and Reference Example 6.
[0589] value A: Molar antigen concentration at each time point
[0590] value B: Molar antibody concentration at each time point
[0591] value C: Molar antigen concentration per molar antibody
concentration (molar antigen/antibody ratio) at each time point
C=A/B
[0592] Time courses of value C (molar antigen/antibody ratio) for
each antibody were described in FIG. 44. Smaller value C indicates
higher efficiency of antigen elimination per antibody whereas
higher value C indicates lower efficiency of antigen elimination
per antibody. Lower value C as compared to IgG1 indicates that
higher antigen elimination efficiency was achieved by Fc variants,
whereas higher value C as compared to IgG1 indicates that Fc
variants have negative effect on antigen elimination efficiency.
All the Fc variants except Fv-4-M73 and Fv-4-IgG1-v1 demonstrated
enhanced antigen elimination efficiency as compared to Fv-4-IgG1.
Fv-4-M73 and Fv-4-IgG1-v1 demonstrated negative impact on antigen
elimination efficiency, which was consistent with FIG. 42.
[0593] FIG. 45 describes the relationship between the binding
affinity of Fc variants to human FcRn at pH 7.0 and value C (molar
antigen/antibody ratio) at day 1 after co-administration of hsIL-6R
and Fc variants. Fc variants described in this Example and
Reference Example 6 (Fv-4-IgG1, Fv-4-M73, Fv-4-IgG1-v1,
Fv-4-IgG1-v2, Fv-4-IgG1-F14, Fv-4-IgG1-F20, Fv-4-IgG1-F21,
Fv-4-IgG1-F25, Fv-4-IgG1-F29, Fv-4-IgG1-F35, Fv-4-IgG1-F48,
Fv-4-IgG1-F93, and Fv-4-IgG1-F94) are plotted. This demonstrates
that in order to achieve higher antigen elimination efficiency as
compared to natural human IgG1, affinity of antibody to human FcRn
at pH 7.0 needs to be stronger than KD 3.0 .mu.M (value obtained
from curve fitting of FIG. 45). In other words, binding affinity of
antibody to human FcRn at pH 7.0 needs to be at least 29-fold
stronger than natural human IgG1 to achieve higher antigen
elimination efficiency as compared to natural human IgG1.
[0594] In conclusion, group of antibody variants having binding
affinity to FcRn at pH 7.0 between KD 3.0 .mu.M and 0.2 .mu.M, or
in other words, group of antibody variants having binding affinity
to FcRn at pH 7.0 within a range of 29-fold to 440-fold stronger
than natural human IgG1, have similar antibody pharmacokinetics to
IgG1 but have enhanced capability to eliminate the antibody from
plasma. Therefore, such antibody exhibits enhanced antigen
elimination efficiency as compared to IgG1. Similar
pharmacokinetics as IgG1 would enable long-term elimination of
antigen from plasma (long-acting antigen elimination), and
therefore long dosing intervals which would be preferable for
antibody therapeutics for chronic disease. Group of antibody
variants having binding affinity to FcRn at pH 7.0 stronger than KD
0.2 .mu.M, or in other words, group of antibody variants having
binding affinity to FcRn at pH 7.0 440-fold stronger than natural
human IgG1, have rapid antibody clearance (short-term antibody
elimination). Nevertheless, since such antibody enables even more
rapid clearance of antigen (fast-acting antigen elimination),
therefore, such antibody also exhibits enhanced antigen elimination
efficiency as compared to IgG1. As shown in Reference Example 8,
Fv-4-IgG1-F20 in normal mouse would induce significant elimination
of the antigen from plasma in a very short term, but the antigen
elimination effect is not durable. Such profile would be preferable
for acute diseases where disease related antigen is needed to be
depleted from plasma rapidly and significantly in a very short
term.
Reference Example 10
In vivo study of Fv-4-IgG1-F14 by steady-state infusion model using
human FcRn transgenic mouse line 276
[0595] In vivo study of Fv-4-IgG1-F14 by steady-state infusion
model using human FcRn transgenic mouse line 276 was performed as
described below. Study group consists of control group (without
antibody), Fv-4-IgG1 at a dose of 1 mg/kg and Fv-4-IgG1-F14 at a
dose of 1 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, and 0.01 mg/kg.
[0596] An infusion pump (MINI-OSMOTIC PUMP MODEL 2004; alzet)
containing soluble human IL-6 receptor was implanted under the skin
on the back of human FcRn transgenic mice 276 (B6.mFcRn-/-.hFcRn Tg
line 276+/+ mouse (B6.mFcRn-/- hFCRN Tg276 B6.Cg-Fcgrt
<tm1Dcr> Tg(FCGRT) 276Dcr (Jackson #4919)), Jackson
Laboratories; Methods Mol. Biol. (2010) 602: 93-104) to prepare
model animals where the plasma concentration of soluble human IL-6
receptor was kept constant. Anti-human IL-6 receptor antibodies
were administered to the model animals to assess the in vivo
dynamics after administration of soluble human IL-6 receptor.
Monoclonal anti-mouse CD4 antibody (R&D) was administered at 20
mg/kg before implanting infusion pump and 14 days after antibody
administration into the caudal vein to suppress the production of
neutralizing antibody against soluble human IL-6 receptor. Then, an
infusion pump containing 92.8 .mu.g/ml soluble human IL-6 receptor
was implanted under the skin on the back of the mice. Three days
after implantation of an infusion pump, anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibodies (H54/L28-IgG1 and H54/L28-IgG1-F14) were administered at
1 mg/kg once into the caudal vein. Blood was collected 15 minutes,
seven hours, one day, two days, three days, four days, seven days,
14 days, 21 days, and 28 days after administration of the
anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody. The collected blood was
immediately centrifuged at 15,000 rpm and 4.degree. C. for 15
minutes to separate plasma. The separated plasma was stored in a
refrigerator at -20.degree. C. or below before assay.
[0597] The concentration of hsIL-6R in mouse plasma was measured by
electrochemiluminescence. hsIL-6R calibration curve samples
adjusted to concentrations of 2,000, 1,000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5,
and 31.25 pg/ml, and mouse plasma samples diluted 50-fold or more
were prepared. The samples were mixed with a solution of Monoclonal
Anti-human IL-6R Antibody (R&D) ruthenium-labeled with
Sulfo-Tag NHS Ester (Meso Scale Discovery), Biotinylated Anti-human
IL-6R Antibody (R&D), and WT-IgG1, and then allowed to react
overnight at 37.degree. C. The final concentration of WT-IgG1 as an
anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody, comprising tocilizumab (heavy
chain SEQ ID NO: 13; light chain SEQ ID NO: 14), was 333 .mu.g/ml,
which is in excess of the concentration of anti-human IL-6 receptor
antibody contained in the samples, for the purpose of binding
nearly all of the hsIL-6R molecules in the samples to WT-IgG1.
Subsequently, the samples were dispensed into an MA400 PR
Streptavidin Plate (Meso Scale Discovery), and allowed to react for
one hour at room temperature, and washing was performed Immediately
after Read Buffer T (.times.4) (Meso Scale Discovery) was
dispensed, the measurement was performed by the Sector PR 400
Reader (Meso Scale Discovery). The hsIL-6R concentration was
calculated based on the response of the calibration curve using the
analytical software SOFTmax PRO (Molecular Devices).
[0598] FIG. 46 describes time profile of hsIL-6R plasma
concentration after antibody administration. Compared to baseline
hsIL-6R level without antibody, administration of 1 mg/kg of
Fv-4-IgG1 resulted in several fold increase in plasma hsIL-6R
concentration. On the other hands, administration of 1 mg/kg of
Fv-4-IgG1-F14 resulted in significant reduction in plasma
concentration in comparison with Fv-4-IgG1 group and baseline
group. At day 2, plasma hsIL-6R concentration was not detected
(quantitation limit of plasma hsIL-6R concentration is 1.56 ng/mL
in this measurement system), and this lasted up to day 14.
[0599] H54/L28-IgG1-F14 exhibited reduction of plasma hsIL-6R
concentration as compared to H54/L28-IgG1, but the extent of the
reduction was small. Extent of reduction was much higher for Fv4
variable region which has pH dependent binding property to hsIL-6R.
This demonstrates that although increasing binding affinity to
human FcRn at pH 7.0 is effective for reducing plasma antigen
concentration, combination of pH dependent antigen binding and
increased binding affinity to human FcRn at neutral pH
significantly enhances the antigen elimination.
[0600] Study using lower dose of Fv-4-IgG1-F14 exhibited that even
at 0.01 mg/kg, 1/100 of 1 mg/kg, reduced the antigen plasma
concentration below the baseline demonstrating significant
efficiency of the molecule to deplete the antigen from plasma.
Reference Example 11
Comparison of Human FcRn Transgenic Mouse Lineage 276 and Lineage
32 in Co-Administration Model
[0601] Previous in vivo studies have been conducted using human
FcRn transgenic mouse line 276 (Jackson Laboratories). In order to
compare the difference between human FcRn transgenic mouse lineage
276 and a different transgenic line, lineage 32, we conducted
co-administration study of H54/L28-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1, and
Fv-4-IgG1-v2 using human FcRn transgenic mouse lineage 32
(B6.mFcRn-/-.hFcRn Tg lineage 32+/+ mouse (B6.mFcRn-/- hFCRN Tg32;
B6.Cg-Fcgrt<tm1Dcr>Tg(FCGRT)32Dcr) (Jackson #4915)), Jackson
Laboratories; Methods Mol. Biol. (2010) 602: 93-104). Study method
was same as that of Reference Example 3 but human FcRn transgenic
mouse lineage 32 was used instead of human FcRn transgenic mouse
lineage 276.
[0602] FIG. 47 describes the time course of plasma hsIL-6R
concentration in both human FcRn transgenic mouse lineage 276 and
lineage 32. H54/L28-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1, and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 exhibited
similar plasma hsIL-6R concentration time profile. In both mice,
increasing binding affinity to human FcRn at pH 7.0 enhanced the
antigen elimination from plasma (comparing Fv-4-IgG1 and
Fv-4-IgG1-v2) to a same extent.
[0603] FIG. 48 describes the time course of plasma antibody
concentration in both human FcRn transgenic mouse lineage 276 and
lineage 32. H54/L28-IgG1, Fv-4-IgG1, and Fv-4-IgG1-v2 exhibited
similar plasma antibody concentration time profile.
[0604] In conclusion, no significant difference were observed
between lineage 276 and lineage 32, demonstrating that the Fc
variant to increase the binding affinity to human FcRn at pH 7.0
was effective in two different transgenic mouse line expressing
human FcRn for enhancing elimination of antigen plasma
concentration.
Reference Example 12
Generation of Various Antibody Fc Variants Having Increased Binding
Affinity to Human FcRn at Neutral pH
(12-1) Generation of Fc Variants
[0605] Various mutations to increase the binding affinity to human
FcRn under the neutral pH were introduced into Fv-4-IgG1 to further
improve the antigen elimination profile. Specifically, the amino
acid mutations shown in Table 15, were introduced into the heavy
chain constant region of Fv-4-IgG1 to generate Fc variants (amino
acid numbers of the mutation sites are described according to the
EU numbering). The amino acid substitutions were introduced by the
method known to those skilled in the art described in Reference
Example 3.
[0606] The additional variants (IgG1-F100 to IgG1-F1052) each
comprising a prepared heavy chain and L (WT) (SEQ ID NO: 14) were
expressed and purified by methods known to those skilled in the art
as described in Reference Example 3.
(12-2) Assessment of Human FcRn Binding
[0607] The binding between antibody and human FcRn was kinetically
analyzed as described in Reference Example 5 for IgG1-v1, IgG1-v2
and IgG1-F2 to IgG1-F1052 or Reference Example 9 for IgG1 and M73.
The result on the human FcRn binding under a neutral condition (pH
7.0) by Biacore is shown in Tables 28-1 to 28-21.
TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 28-1 VARIANT KD (M) AMINO ACID ALTERED
POSITION F1 8.10E-07 N434W F2 3.20E-06 M252Y/S254T/T256E F3
2.50E-06 N434Y F4 5.80E-06 N434S F5 6.80E-06 N434A F7 5.60E-06
M252Y F8 4.20E-06 M252W F9 1.40E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434Y F10
6.90E-08 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434W F11 3.10E-07 M252Y/N434Y F12
1.70E-07 M252Y/N434W F13 3.20E-07 M252W/N434Y F14 1.80E-07
M252W/N434W F19 4.60E-07 P257L/N434Y F20 4.60E-07 V308F/N434Y F21
3.00E-08 M252Y/V308P/N434Y F22 2.00E-06 M428L/N434S F25 9.20E-09
M252Y/S254T/T256E/V308P/N434W F26 1.00E-06 I332V F27 7.40E-06 G237M
F29 1.40E-06 I332V/N434Y F31 2.80E-06 G237M/V308F F32 8.00E-07
S254T/N434W F33 2.30E-06 S254T/N434Y F34 2.80E-07 T256E/N434W F35
8.40E-07 T256E/N434Y F36 3.60E-07 S254T/T256E/N434W F37 1.10E-06
S254T/T256E/N434Y F38 1.00E-07 M252Y/S254T/N434W F39 3.00E-07
M252Y/S254T/N434Y F40 8.20E-08 M252Y/T256E/N434W F41 1.50E-07
M252Y/T256E/N434Y F42 1.00E-06 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434A F43 1.70E-06
M252Y/N434A F44 1.10E-06 M252W/N434A F47 2.40E-07 M252Y/T256Q/N434W
F48 3.20E-07 M252Y/T256Q/N434Y F49 5.10E-07 M252F/T256D/N434W F50
1.20E-06 M252F/T256D/N434Y F51 8.10E-06 N434F/Y436H
[0608] Table 28-2 is the continuation of Table 28-1.
TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 28-2 F52 3.10E-06 H433K/N434F/Y436H F53
1.00E-06 I332V/N434W F54 8.40E-08 V308P/N434W F56 9.40E-07
I332V/M428L/N434Y F57 1.10E-05 G380/Q386P/N389S F58 7.70E-07
G385D/Q386P/N389S/N434W F59 2.40E-06 G385D/Q386P/N389S/N434Y F60
1.10E-05 G385H F61 9.70E-07 G385H/N434W F62 1.90E-06 G385H/N434Y
F63 2.50E-06 N434F F64 5.30E-06 N434H F65 2.90E-07
M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434F F66 4.30E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256E/N434H F67
6.30E-07 M252Y/N434F F68 9.30E-07 M252Y/N434H F69 5.10E-07
M428L/N434W F70 1.50E-06 M428L/N434Y F71 8.30E-08
M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434W F72 2.00E-07
M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434Y F73 1.70E-07 M252Y/M428L/N434W F74
4.60E-07 M252Y/M428L/N434Y F75 1.40E-06 M252Y/M428L/N434A F76
1.00E-06 M252Y/S254T/T256E/M428L/N434A F77 9.90E-07
T256E/M428L/N434Y F78 7.80E-07 S254T/M428L/N434W F79 5.90E-06
S254T/T256E/N434A F80 2.70E-06 M252Y/T256Q/N434A F81 1.60E-06
M252Y/T256E/N434A F82 1.10E-06 T256Q/N434W F83 2.60E-06 T256Q/N434Y
F84 2.80E-07 M252W/T256Q/N434W F85 5.50E-07 M252W/T256Q/N434Y F86
1.50E-06 S254T/T256Q/N434W F87 4.30E-06 S254T/T256Q/N434Y F88
1.90E-07 M252Y/S254T/T256Q/N434W F89 3.60E-07
M252Y/S254T/T256Q/N434Y F90 1.90E-08 M252Y/T256E/V308P/N434W F91
4.80E-08 M252Y/V308P/M428L/N434Y F92 1.10E-08
M252Y/S254T/T256E/V308P/M428L/N434W F93 7.40E-07 M252W/M428L/N434W
F94 3.70E-07 P257L/M428L/N434Y
[0609] Table 28-3 is the continuation of Table 28-2.
TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 28-3 F95 2.60E-07
M252Y/S254T/1256E/M428L/N434F F99 6.20E-07 M252Y/T256E/N434H F101
1.10E-07 M252W/T256Q/P257L/N434Y F103 4.40E-08
P238A/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F104 3.70E-08 M252Y/D265A/V308P/N434Y F105
7.50E-08 M252Y/T307A/V308P/N434Y F106 3.70E-08
M252Y/V303A/V308P/N434Y F107 3.40E-08 M252Y/V308P/D376A/N434Y F108
4.10E-08 M252Y/V305A/V308P/N434Y F109 3.20E-08
M252Y/V308P/Q311A/N434Y F111 3.20E-08 M252Y/V308P/K317A/N434Y F112
6.40E-08 M252Y/V308P/E380A/N434Y F113 3.20E-08
M252Y/V308P/E382A/N434Y F114 3.80E-08 M252Y/V308P/S424A/N434Y F115
6.60E-06 T307A/N434A F116 8.70E-06 E380A/N434A F118 1.40E-05 M428L
F119 5.40E-06 T250Q/M428L F120 6.30E-08 P257L/V308P/M428L/N434Y
F121 1.50E-08 M252Y/T256E/V308P/M428L/N434W F122 1.20E-07
M252Y/T256E/M428L/N434W F123 3.00E-08 M252Y/T256E/V308P/N434Y F124
2.90E-07 M252Y/T256E/M428L/N434Y F125 2.40E-08
M252Y/S254T/T256E/V308P/M428L/N434Y F128 1.70E-07 P257L/M428L/N434W
F129 2.20E-07 P257A/M428L/N434Y F131 3.00E-06 P257G/M428L/N434Y
F132 2.10E-07 P257I/M428L/N434Y F133 4.10E-07 P257M/M428L/N434Y
F134 2.70E-07 P257N/M428L/N434Y F135 7.50E-07 P257S/M428L/N434Y
F136 3.80E-07 P257T/M428L/N434Y F137 4.60E-07 P257V/M428L/N434Y
F139 1.50E-08 M252W/V308P/N434W F140 3.60E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F141 3.50E-08 M252Y/S298G/V308P/N434Y F142
3.70E-08 M252Y/D270F/V308P/N434Y F143 2.00E-07 M252Y/V308A/N434Y
F145 5.30E-08 M252Y/V308F/N434Y F147 2.40E-07 M252Y/V308I/N434Y
F149 1.90E-07 M252Y/V308L/N434Y F150 2.00E-07 M252Y/V308M/N434Y
[0610] Table 28-4 is the continuation of Table 28-3.
TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 28-4 F152 2.70E-07 M252Y/V308Q/N434Y F154
1.80E-07 M252Y/V308T/N434Y F157 1.50E-07 P257A/V308P/M428L/N434Y
F158 5.90E-08 P257T/V308P/M428L/N434Y F159 4.40E-08
P257V/V308P/M428L/N434Y F160 8.50E-07 M252W/M428I/N434Y F162
1.60E-07 M252W/M428Y/N434Y F163 4.20E-07 M252W/M428F/N434Y F164
3.70E-07 P238A/M252W/N434Y F165 2.90E-07 M252W/D265A/N434Y F166
1.50E-07 M252W/T307Q/N434Y F167 2.90E-07 M252W/V303A/N434Y F168
3.20E-07 M252W/D376A/N434Y F169 2.90E-07 M252W/V305A/N434Y F170
1.70E-07 M252W/Q311A/N434Y F171 1.90E-07 M252W/D312A/N434Y F172
2.20E-07 M252W/K317A/N434Y F173 7.70E-07 M252W/E380A/N434Y F174
3.40E-07 M252W/E382A/N434Y F175 2.70E-07 M252W/S424A/N434Y F176
2.90E-07 S239K/M252W/N434Y F177 2.80E-07 M252W/S298G/N434Y F178
2.70E-07 M252W/D270F/N434Y F179 3.10E-07 M252W/N325G/N434Y F182
6.60E-08 P257A/M428L/N434W F183 2.20E-07 P257T/M428L/N434W F184
2.70E-07 P257V/M428L/N434W F185 2.60E-07 M252W/I332V/N434Y F188
3.00E-06 P257I/Q311I F189 1.90E-07 M252Y/T307A/N434Y F190 1.10E-07
M252Y/T307Q/N434Y F191 1.60E-07 P257L/T307A/M428L/N434Y F192
1.10E-07 P257A/T307A/M428L/N434Y F193 8.50E-08
P257T/T307A/M428L/N434Y F194 1.20E-07 P257V/T307A/M428L/N434Y F195
5.60E-08 P257L/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F196 3.50E-08
P257A/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F197 3.30E-08 P257T/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F198
4.80E-08 P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F201 2.10E-07 M252Y/T307D/N434Y
F203 2.40E-07 M252Y/T307F/N434Y F204 2.10E-07 M252Y/T307G/N434Y
[0611] Table 28-5 is the continuation of Table 28-4.
TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 28-5 F205 2.00E-07 M252Y/T307H/N434Y F206
2.30E-07 M252Y/T307I/N434Y F207 9.40E-07 M252Y/T307K/N434Y F208
3.90E-07 M252Y/T307L/N434Y F209 1.30E-07 M252Y/T307M/N434Y F210
2.90E-07 M252Y/T307N/N434Y F211 2.40E-07 M252Y/T307P/N434Y F212
6.80E-07 M252Y/T307R/N434Y F213 2.30E-07 M252Y/T307S/N434Y F214
1.70E-07 M252Y/T307V/N434Y F215 9.60E-08 M252Y/T307W/N434Y F216
2.30E-07 M252Y/T307Y/N434Y F217 2.30E-07 M252Y/K334L/N434Y F218
2.60E-07 M252Y/G385H/N434Y F219 2.50E-07 M252Y/T289H/N434Y F220
2.50E-07 M252Y/Q311H/N434Y F221 3.10E-07 M252Y/D312H/N434Y F222
3.40E-07 M252Y/N315H/N434Y F223 2.70E-07 M252Y/K360H/N434Y F225
1.50E-06 M252Y/L314R/N434Y F226 5.40E-07 M252Y/L314K/N434Y F227
1.20E-07 M252Y/N286E/N434Y F228 2.30E-07 M252Y/L309E/N434Y F229
5.10E-07 M252Y/R255E/N434Y F230 2.50E-07 M252Y/P387E/N434Y F236
8.90E-07 K248I/M428L/N434Y F237 2.30E-07 M252Y/M428A/N434Y F238
7.40E-07 M252Y/M428D/N434Y F240 7.20E-07 M252Y/M428F/N434Y F241
1.50E-06 M252Y/M428G/N434Y F242 8.50E-07 M252Y/M428H/N434Y F243
1.80E-07 M252Y/M428I/N434Y F244 1.30E-06 M252Y/M428K/N434Y F245
4.70E-07 M252Y/M428N/N434Y F246 1.10E-06 M252Y/M428P/N434Y F247
4.40E-07 M252Y/M428Q/N434Y F249 6.40E-07 M252Y/M428S/N434Y F250
2.90E-07 M252Y/M428T/N434Y F251 1.90E-07 M252Y/M428V/N434Y F252
1.00E-06 M252Y/M428W/N434Y F253 7.10E-07 M252Y/M428Y/N434Y F254
7.50E-08 M252W/T307Q/M428Y/N434Y
[0612] Table 28-6 is the continuation of Table 28-5.
TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 28-6 F255 1.10E-07 M252W/Q311A/M428Y/N434Y
F256 5.40E-08 M252W/T307Q/Q311A/M428Y/N434Y F257 5.00E-07
M252Y/T307A/M428Y/N434Y F258 3.20E-07 M252Y/T307Q/M428Y/N434Y F259
2.80E-07 M252Y/D270F/N434Y F260 1.30E-07 M252Y/T307A/Q311A/N434Y
F261 8.40E-08 M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F262 1.90E-07
M252Y/T307A/Q311H/N434Y F263 1.10E-07 M252Y/T307Q/Q311H/N434Y F264
2.80E-07 M252Y/E382A/N434Y F265 6.80E-07 M252Y/E382A/M428Y/N434Y
F266 4.70E-07 M252Y/T307A/E382A/M428Y/N434Y F267 3.20E-07
M252Y/T307Q/E382A/M428Y/N434Y F268 6.30E-07 P238A/M252Y/M428F/N434Y
F269 5.20E-07 M252Y/V305A/M428F/N434Y F270 6.60E-07
M252Y/N325G/M428F/N434Y F271 6.90E-07 M252Y/D376A/M428F/N434Y F272
6.80E-07 M252Y/E380A/M428F/N434Y F273 6.50E-07
M252Y/E382A/M428F/N434Y F274 7.60E-07 M252Y/E380A/E382A/M428F/N434Y
F275 4.20E-08 S239K/M252Y/V308P/E382A/N434Y F276 4.10E-08
M252Y/D270F/V308P/E382A/N434Y F277 1.30E-07
S239K/M252Y/V308P/M428Y/N434Y F278 3.00E-08
M252Y/T307Q/V308P/E382A/N434Y F279 6.10E-08
M252Y/V308P/Q311H/E382A/N434Y F280 4.10E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/V308P/N434Y F281 9.20E-08
M252Y/V308P/E382A/M428F/N434Y F282 2.90E-08
M252Y/V308P/E382A/M428L/N434Y F283 1.00E-07
M252Y/V308P/E382A/M428Y/N434Y F284 1.00E-07 M252Y/V308P/M428Y/N434Y
F285 9.90E-08 M252Y/V308P/M428F/N434Y F286 1.20E-07
S239K/M252Y/V308P/E382A/M428Y/N434Y F287 1.00E-07
M252Y/V308P/E380A/E382A/M428F/N434Y F288 1.90E-07
M252Y/T256E/E382A/N434Y F289 4.80E-07 M252Y/T256E/M428Y/N434Y F290
4.60E-07 M252Y/T256E/E382A/M428Y/N434Y F292 2.30E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/E382A/M428I/N434Y F293 5.30E-08
M252Y/V308P/E380A/E382A/M428I/N434Y F294 1.10E-07
S239K/M252Y/V308P/M428F/N434Y F295 6.80E-07
S239K/M252Y/E380A/E382A/M428F/N434Y F296 4.90E-07
M252Y/Q311A/M428Y/N434Y F297 5.10E-07 M252Y/D312A/M428Y/N434Y
[0613] Table 28-7 is the continuation of Table 28-6.
TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 28-7 F298 4.80E-07
M252Y/Q311A/D312A/M428Y/N434Y F299 9.40E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/Q311A/M428Y/N434Y F300 8.30E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/D312A/M428Y/N434Y F301 7.20E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/Q311A/D312A/M428Y/N434Y F302 1.90E-07
M252Y/T256E/T307P/N434Y F303 6.70E-07 M252Y/T307P/M428Y/N434Y F304
1.60E-08 M252W/V308P/M428Y/N434Y F305 2.70E-08
M252Y/T256E/V308P/E382A/N434Y F306 3.60E-08 M252W/V308P/E382A/N434Y
F307 3.60E-08 S239K/M252W/V308P/E382A/N434Y F308 1.90E-08
S239K/M252W/V308P/E382A/M428Y/N434Y F310 9.40E-08
S239K/M252W/V308P/E382A/M428I/N434Y F311 2.80E-08
S239K/M252W/V308P/M428F/N434Y F312 4.50E-07
S239K/M252W/E380A/E382A/M428F/N434Y F313 6.50E-07
S239K/M252Y/T307P/M428Y/N434Y F314 3.20E-07
M252Y/T256E/Q311A/D312A/M428Y/N434Y F315 6.80E-07
S239K/M252Y/M428Y/N434Y F316 7.00E-07 S239K/M252Y/D270F/M428Y/N434Y
F317 1.10E-07 S239K/M252Y/D270F/V308P/M428Y/N434Y F318 1.80E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/M428I/N434Y F320 2.00E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/N325G/E382A/M428I/N434Y F321 3.20E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/V308P/N325G/N434Y F322 9.20E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/T307P/V308P/N434Y F323 2.70E-08
S239K/M252Y/T256E/D270F/V308P/N434Y F324 2.80E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/T307Q/V308P/N434Y F325 2.10E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/N434Y F326 7.50E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F327 6.50E-08
S239K/M252Y/T256E/D270F/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F328 1.90E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/V308P/M428I/N434Y F329 1.20E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/N286E/V308P/N434Y F330 3.60E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/V308P/L309E/N434Y F331 3.00E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/V308P/P387E/N434Y F333 7.40E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/T307Q/L309E/Q311A/N434Y F334 1.90E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/V308P/N325G/M428I/N434Y F335 1.50E-08
S239K/M252Y/T256E/D270F/V308P/M428I/N434Y F336 1.40E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/ M428I/N434Y F337 5.60E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/T307Q/Q311A/M428I/N434Y F338 7.70E-09
S239K/M252Y/D270F/N286E/V308P/M428I/N434Y F339 1.90E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/V308P/L309E/M428I/N434Y F343 3.20E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/V308P/M428L/N434Y F344 3.00E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/M428L/N434Y F349 1.50E-07
S239K/M252Y/V308P/L309P/M428L/N434Y
[0614] Table 28-8 is the continuation of Table 28-7.
TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 28-8 F350 1.70E-07
S239K/M252Y/V308P/L309R/M428L/N434Y F352 6.00E-07
S239K/M252Y/L309P/M428L/N434Y F353 1.10E-06
S239K/M252Y/L309R/M428L/N434Y F354 2.80E-08
S239K/M252Y/T307Q/V308P/M428L/N434Y F356 3.40E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/V308P/L309E/P387E/N434Y F357 1.60E-08
S239K/M252Y/T256E/D270F/V308P/N325G/M428I/ N434Y F358 1.00E-07
S239K/M252Y/T307Q/N434Y F359 4.20E-07 P257V/T307Q/M428I/N434Y F360
1.30E-06 P257V/T307Q/M428V/N434Y F362 5.40E-08
P257V/T307Q/N325G/M428L/N434Y F363 4.10E-08
P257V/T307Q/Q311A/M428L/N434Y F364 3.50E-08
P257V/T307Q/Q311A/N325G/M428L/N434Y F365 5.10E-08
P257V/V305A/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F367 1.50E-08
S239K/M252Y/E258H/D270F/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/ N434Y F368 2.00E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/V308P/N325G/E382A/M428I/ N434Y F369 7.50E-08
M252Y/P257V/T307Q/M428I/N434Y F372 1.30E-08
S239K/M252W/V308P/M428Y/N434Y F373 1.10E-08
S239K/M252W/V308P/Q311A/M428Y/N434Y F374 1.20E-08
S239K/M252W/T256E/V308P/M428Y/N434Y F375 5.50E-09
S239K/M252W/N286E/V308P/M428Y/N434Y F376 9.60E-09
S239K/M252Y/T256E/D270F/N286E/V308P/N434Y F377 1.30E-07
S239K/M252W/T307P/M428Y/N434Y F379 9.00E-09
S239K/M252W/T256E/V308P/Q311A/M428Y/N434Y F380 5.60E-09
S239K/M252W/T256E/N286E/V308P/M428Y/N434Y F381 1.10E-07
P257V/T307A/Q311A/M428L/N434Y F382 8.70E-08
P257V/V305A/T307A/M428L/N434Y F386 3.20E-08 M252Y/V308P/L309E/N434Y
F387 1.50E-07 M252Y/V308P/L309D/N434Y F388 7.00E-08
M252Y/V308P/L309A/N434Y F389 1.70E-08 M252W/V308P/L309E/M428Y/N434Y
F390 6.80E-08 M252W/V308P/L309D/M428Y/N434Y F391 3.60E-08
M252W/V308P/L309A/M428Y/N434Y F392 6.90E-09
S239K/M252Y/N286E/V308P/M428I/N434Y F393 1.20E-08
S239K/M252Y/N286E/V308P/N434Y F394 5.30E-08
S239K/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/M428I/N434Y F395 2.40E-08
S239K/M252Y/T256E/V308P/N434Y F396 2.00E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/M428I/ N434Y F397 4.50E-08
S239K/M252Y/D270F/T307Q/Q311A/P387E/M428I/ N434Y F398 4.40E-09
S239K/M252Y/D270F/N286E/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/ M428I/N434Y F399
6.50E-09 S239K/M252Y/D270F/N286E/T307Q/V308P/M428I/ N434Y F400
6.10E-09 S239K/M252Y/D270F/N286E/V308P/Q311A/M428I/ N434Y
[0615] Table 28-9 is the continuation of Table 28-8.
TABLE-US-00043 TABLE 28-9 F401 6.90E-09
S239K/M252Y/D270F/N286E/V308P/P387E/ M428I/N434Y F402 2.30E-08
P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434W F403 5.10E-08 P257V/T307A/M428L/N434W F404
9.40E-08 P257A/T307Q/L309P/M428L/N434Y F405 1.70E-07
P257V/T307Q/L309P/M428L/N434Y F406 1.50E-07
P257A/T307Q/L309R/M428L/N434Y F407 1.60E-07
P257V/T307Q/L309R/M428L/N434Y F408 2.50E-07 P257V/N286E/M428L/N434Y
F409 2.00E-07 P257V/P387E/M428L/N434Y F410 2.20E-07
P257V/T307H/M428L/N434Y F411 1.30E-07 P257V/T307N/M428L/N434Y F412
8.80E-08 P257V/T307G/M428L/N434Y F413 1.20E-07
P257V/T307P/M428L/N434Y F414 1.10E-07 P257V/T307S/M428L/N434Y F415
5.60E-08 P257V/N286E/T307A/M428L/N434Y F416 9.40E-08
P257V/T307A/P387E/M428L/N434Y F418 6.20E-07
S239K/M252Y/T307P/N325G/M428Y/N434Y F419 1.60E-07
M252Y/T307A/Q311H/K360H/N434Y F420 1.50E-07
M252Y/T307A/Q311H/P387E/N434Y F421 1.30E-07
M252Y/T307A/Q311H/M428A/N434Y F422 1.80E-07
M252Y/T307A/Q311H/E382A/N434Y F423 8.40E-08 M252Y/T307W/Q311H/N434Y
F424 9.40E-08 S239K/P257A/V308P/M428L/N434Y F425 8.00E-08
P257A/V308P/L309E/M428L/N434Y F426 8.40E-08 P257V/T307Q/N434Y F427
1.10E-07 M252Y/P257V/T307Q/M428V/N434Y F428 8.00E-08
M252Y/P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F429 3.70E-08 M252Y/P257V/T307Q/N434Y
F430 8.10E-08 M252Y/P257V/T307Q/M428Y/N434Y F431 6.50E-08
M252Y/P257V/T307Q/M428F/N434Y F432 9.20E-07
P257V/T307Q/Q311A/N325G/M428V/N434Y F433 6.00E-08
P257V/T307Q/Q311A/N325G/N434Y F434 2.00E-08
P257V/T307Q/Q311A/N325G/M428Y/N434Y F435 2.50E-08
P257V/T307Q/Q311A/N325G/M428F/N434Y F436 2.50E-07
P257A/T307Q/M428V/N434Y F437 5.70E-08 P257A/T307Q/N434Y F438
3.60E-08 P257A/T307Q/M428Y/N434Y F439 4.00E-08
P257A/T307Q/M428F/N434Y F440 1.50E-08
P257V/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/N325G/M428L/N434Y F441 1.80E-07
P257A/Q311A/M428L/N434Y F442 2.00E-07 P257A/Q311H/M428L/N434Y F443
5.50E-08 P257A/T307Q/Q311A/M428L/N434Y
[0616] Table 28-10 is the continuation of Table 28-9.
TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 28-10 F444 1.40E-07
P257A/T307A/Q311A/M428L/N434Y F445 6.20E-08
P257A/T307Q/Q311H/M428L/N434Y F446 1.10E-07
P257A/T307A/Q311H/M428L/N434Y F447 1.40E-08
P257A/N286E/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F448 5.30E-08
P257A/N286E/T307A/M428L/N434Y F449 5.70E-07
S239K/M252Y/D270F/T307P/N325G/M428Y/N434Y F450 5.20E-07
S239K/M252Y/T307P/L309E/N325G/M428Y/N434Y F451 1.00E-07
P257S/T307A/M428L/N434Y F452 1.40E-07 P257M/T307A/M428L/N434Y F453
7.80E-08 P257N/T307A/M428L/N434Y F454 9.60E-08
P257I/T307A/M428L/N434Y F455 2.70E-08 P257V/T307Q/M428Y/N434Y F456
3.40E-08 P257V/T307Q/M428F/N434Y F457 4.00E-08
S239K/P257V/V308P/M428L/N434Y F458 1.50E-08
P257V/T307Q/V308P/N325G/M428L/N434Y F459 1.30E-08
P257V/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/N325G/M428L/N434Y F460 4.70E-08
P257V/T307A/V308P/N325G/M428L/N434Y F462 8.50E-08
P257A/V308P/N325G/M428L/N434Y F463 1.30E-07
P257A/T307A/V308P/M428L/N434Y F464 5.50E-08
P257A/T307Q/V308P/M428L/N434Y F465 2.10E-08
P257V/N286E/T307Q/N325G/M428L/N434Y F466 3.50E-07 T256E/P257V/N434Y
F467 5.70E-07 T256E/P257T/N434Y F468 5.70E-08
S239K/P257T/V308P/M428L/N434Y F469 5.60E-08
P257T/V308P/N325G/M428L/N434Y F470 5.40E-08
T256E/P257T/V308P/N325G/M428L/N434Y F471 6.60E-08
P257T/V308P/N3256/E382A/M428L/N434Y F472 5.40E-08
P257T/V308P/N325G/P387E/M428L/N434Y F473 4.50E-07
P257T/V308P/L309P/N325G/M428L/N434Y F474 3.50E-07
P257T/V308P/L309R/N325G/M428L/N434Y F475 4.30E-08
T256E/P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F476 5.50E-08
P257V/T307Q/E382A/M428L/N434Y F477 4.30E-08
P257V/T307Q/P387E/M428L/N434Y F480 3.90E-08 P257L/V308P/N434Y F481
5.60E-08 P257T/T307Q/N434Y F482 7.00E-08 P257V/T307Q/N325G/N434Y
F483 5.70E-08 P257V/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F484 6.20E-08
P257V/V305A/T307Q/N434Y F485 9.70E-08 P257V/N286E/T307A/N434Y F486
3.40E-07 P257V/T307Q/L309R/Q311H/M428L/N434Y F488 3.50E-08
P257V/V308P/N325G/M428L/N434Y F490 7.50E-08
S239K/P257V/V308P/Q311H/M428L/N434Y
[0617] Table 28-11 is the continuation of Table 28-10.
TABLE-US-00045 TABLE 28-11 F492 9.80E-08
P257V/V305A/T307A/N325G/M428L/N434Y F493 4.90E-07
S239K/D270F/T307P/N325G/M428Y/N434Y F497 3.10E-06
P257T/T307A/M428V/N434Y F498 1.30E-06 P257A/M428V/N434Y F499
5.20E-07 P257A/T307A/M428V/N434Y F500 4.30E-08
P257S/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F506 1.90E-07 P257V/N297A/T307Q/M428L/N434Y
F507 5.10E-08 P257V/N286A/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F508 1.10E-07
P257V/T307Q/N315A/M428L/N434Y F509 5.80E-08
P257V/T307Q/N384A/M428L/N434Y F510 5.30E-08
P257V/T307Q/N389A/M428L/N434Y F511 4.20E-07 P257V/N434Y F512
5.80E-07 P257T/N434Y F517 3.10E-07 P257V/N286E/N434Y F518 4.20E-07
P257T/N286E/N434Y F519 2.60E-08 P257V/N286E/T307Q/N434Y F521
1.10E-08 P257V/N286E/T307Q/M428Y/N434Y F523 2.60E-08
P257V/V305A/T307Q/428Y/N434Y F526 1.90E-08 P257T/T307/M428Y/N434Y
F527 9.40E-09 P257V/T307Q/V308P/N325G/M428Y/N434Y F529 2.50E-08
P257T/T307Q/M428F/N434Y F533 1.20E-08 P257A/N286E/T307Q/M428F/N434Y
F534 1.20E-08 P257A/N286E/T307Q/M428Y/N434Y F535 3.90E-08
T250A/P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F538 9.90E-08
T250F/P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F541 6.00E-08
T250I/P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F544 3.10E-08
T250M/P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F549 5.40E-08
T250S/P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F550 5.90E-08
T250V/P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F551 1.20E-07
T250W/P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F552 1.10E-07
T250Y/P257V/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F553 1.70E-07 M252Y/Q311A/N434Y F554
2.80E-08 S239K/M252Y/S254T/V308P/N434Y F556 1.50E-06
M252Y/T307Q/Q311A F559 8.00E-08 M252Y/S254T/N286E/N434Y F560
2.80E-08 M252Y/S254T/V308P/N434Y F561 1.40E-07
M252Y/S254T/T307A/N434Y F562 8.30E-08 M252Y/S254T/T307Q/N434Y F563
1.30E-07 M252Y/S254T/Q311A/N434Y F564 1.90E-07
M252Y/S254T/Q311H/N434Y F565 9.20E-08 M252Y/S254T/T307A/Q311A/N434Y
F566 6.10E-08 M252Y/S254T/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y
[0618] Table 28-12 is the continuation of Table 28-11.
TABLE-US-00046 TABLE 28-12 F567 2.20E-07 M252Y/S254T/M428I/N4341
F568 1.10E-07 M252Y/T256E/T307A/Q311H/N434Y F569 2.00E-07
M252Y/T2560/T307A/Q311H/N434Y F570 1.30E-07
M252Y/S254T/T307A/Q311H/N434Y F571 8.10E-08
M252Y/N286E/T307A/Q311H/N434Y F572 1.00E-07
M252Y/T307A/Q311H/M428I/N434Y F576 1.60E-06 M252Y/T256E/T307Q/Q311N
F577 1.30E-06 M252Y/N286E/T307A/Q311A F578 5.70E-07
M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A F580 8.60E-07 M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311N F581
7.20E-08 M252Y/T256E/N286E/N434Y F582 7.50E-07 S239K/M252Y/V308P
F583 7.80E-07 S239K/M252Y/V308P/E382A F584 6.30E-07
S239K/M252Y/T256E/V308P F585 2.90E-07 S239K/M252Y/N286E/V308P F586
1.40E-07 S239K/M252Y/N286E/V308P/M428I F587 1.90E-07
M252Y/N286E/M428L/N434Y F592 2.00E-07 M252Y/S254T/E382A/N434Y F593
3.10E-08 S239K/M252Y/S254T/V308P/M428I/N434Y F594 1.60E-08
S239K/M252Y/T256E/V308P/M428I/N434Y F595 1.80E-07
S239K/M252Y/M428I/N434Y F596 4.00E-07 M252Y/D312A/E382A/M428Y/N434Y
F597 2.20E-07 M252Y/E382A/P387E/N434Y F598 1.40E-07
M252Y/D312A/P387E/N434Y F599 5.20E-07 M252Y/P387E/M428Y/N434Y F600
2.80E-07 M252Y/T2560/E382A/N4341 F601 9.60E-09
M252Y/N286E/V308P/N434Y F608 G236A/S239D/I332E F611 2.80E-07
M252Y/V305T/T307P/V308I/L309A/N434Y F612 3.60E-07
M252Y/T307P/V308I/L309A/N434Y F613 S239D/A330L/I332E F616
S239D/K326D/L328Y F617 7.40E-07 S239K/N434W F618 6.40E-07
S239K/V308F/N434Y F619 3.10E-07 S239K/M252Y/N434Y F620 2.10E-07
S239K/M252Y/S254T/N434Y F621 1.50E-07 S239K/M252Y/T307A/Q311H/N434Y
F622 3.50E-07 S239K/M252Y/T256Q/N434Y F623 1.80E-07
S239K/M252W/N434W F624 1.40E-08 S239K/P257A/N286E/T307Q/M428L/N434Y
F625 7.60E-08 S239K/P257A/T307Q/M428L/N434Y F626 1.30E-06 V308P
[0619] Table 28-13 is the continuation of Table 28-12.
TABLE-US-00047 TABLE 28-13 F629 3.90E-08 M252Y/V279L/V308P/N434Y
F630 3.70E-08 S239K/M252Y/V279L/V308P/N434Y F633 2.40E-08
M252Y/V282D/V308P/N434Y F634 3.20E-08 S239K/M252Y/V282D/V308P/N434Y
F635 4.50E-08 M252Y/V284K/V308P/N434Y F636 4.80E-08
S239K/M252Y/V284K/V308P/N434Y F637 1.50E-07 M252Y/K288S/V308P/N434Y
F638 1.40E-07 S239K/M252Y/K288S/V308P/N434Y F639 2.70E-08
M252Y/V308P/G385R/N434Y F640 3.60E-08 S239K/M252Y/V308P/G385R/N434Y
F641 3.00E-08 M252Y/V308P/Q386K/N434Y F642 3.00E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/Q386K/N434Y F643 3.20E-08
L235G/G236R/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F644 3.00E-08
G236R/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F645 3.30E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/L328R/N434Y F646 3.80E-08
S239K/M252Y/N297A/V308P/N434Y F647 2.90E-08 P238D/M252Y/V308P/N434Y
F648 P238D F649 1.20E-07 S239K/M252Y/N286E/N434Y F650 1.70E-07
S239K/M252Y/T256E/N434Y F651 1.80E-07 S239K/M252Y/Q311A/N434Y F652
2.40E-07 P238D/M252Y/N434Y F654 3.20E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F655 3.40E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F656 3.30E-08
G237K/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F657 3.20E-08
G237R/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F658 3.20E-08
P238K/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F659 3.00E-08
P238R/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F660 3.10E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/P329K/N434Y F661 3.40E-08
S239K/M252Y/V308P/P329R/N434Y F663 6.40E-09
S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/N434Y F664 3.90E-08
M252Y/N286A/V308P/N434Y F665 2.00E-08 M252Y/N286D/V308P/N434Y F666
2.10E-08 M252Y/N286F/V308P/N434Y F667 3.00E-08
M252Y/N286G/V308P/N434Y F668 4.00E-08 M252Y/N286H/V308P/N434Y F669
3.50E-08 M252Y/N286I/V308P/N434Y F670 2.10E-07
M252Y/N286K/V308P/N434Y F671 2.20E-08 M252Y/N286L/V308P/N434Y F672
2.40E-08 M252Y/N286M/V308P/N434Y F673 2.30E-08
M252Y/N286P/V308P/N434Y F674 3.20E-08 M252Y/N286Q/V308P/N434Y
[0620] Table 28-14 is the continuation of Table 28-13.
TABLE-US-00048 TABLE 28-14 F675 5.10E-08 M252Y/N286R/V308P/N434Y
F676 3.20E-08 M252Y/N286S/V308P/N434Y F677 4.70E-08
M252Y/N286T/V308P/N434Y F678 3.30E-08 M252Y/N286V/V308P/N434Y F679
1.70E-08 M252Y/N286W/V308P/N434Y F680 1.50E-08
M252Y/N286Y/V308P/N434Y F681 4.90E-08 M252Y/K288A/V308P/N434Y F682
8.20E-08 M252Y/K288D/V308P/N434Y F683 5.00E-08
M252Y/K288E/V308P/N434Y F684 5.10E-08 M252Y/K288F/V308P/N434Y F685
5.30E-08 M252Y/K288G/V308P/N434Y F686 4.60E-08
M252Y/K288H/V308P/N434Y F687 4.90E-08 M252Y/K288I/V308P/N434Y F688
2.80E-08 M252Y/K288L/V308P/N434Y F689 4.10E-08
M252Y/K288M/V308P/N434Y F690 1.00E-07 M252Y/K288N/V308P/N434Y F691
3.20E-07 M252Y/K288P/V308P/N434Y F692 3.90E-08
M252Y/K288Q/V308P/N434Y F693 3.60E-08 M252Y/K288R/V308P/N434Y F694
4.70E-08 M252Y/K288V/V308P/N434Y F695 4.00E-08
M252Y/K288W/V308P/N434Y F696 4.40E-08 M252Y/K288Y/V308P/N434Y F697
3.10E-08 S239K/M252Y/V308P/N325G/N434Y F698 2.20E-08
M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F699 2.30E-08
S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F700 5.20E-08
M252Y/V308P/L328E/N434Y F705 7.10E-09 M252Y/N286E/V308P/M428I/N434Y
F706 1.80E-08 M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/M428I/N434Y F707 5.90E-09
M252Y/N286E/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/N434Y F708 4.10E-09
M252Y/N286E/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/M428I/N434Y F709 2.00E-08
S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/M428I/N434Y F710 1.50E-08
P238D/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/M428I/N434Y F711 6.50E-08
S239K/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F712 6.00E-08
P238D/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F713 2.00E-08
P238D/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F714 2.30E-07
P238D/M252Y/N325S/N434Y F715 2.30E-07 P238D/M252Y/N325M/N434Y F716
2.70E-07 P238D/M252Y/N325L/N434Y F717 2.60E-07
P238D/M252Y/N325I/N434Y F718 2.80E-07 P238D/M252Y/Q295M/N434Y F719
7.40E-08 P238D/M252Y/N325G/N434Y F720 2.40E-08
M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/N434Y
[0621] Table 28-15 is the continuation of Table 28-14.
TABLE-US-00049 TABLE 28-15 F721 1.50E-08
M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/M428I/N434Y F722 2.70E-07
P238D/M252Y/A327G/N434Y F723 2.80E-07 P238D/M252Y/L328D/N434Y F724
2.50E-07 P238D/M252Y/L328E/N434Y F725 4.20E-08
L235K/G237R/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F726 3.70E-08
L235K/P238K/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F729 9.20E-07 T307A/Q311A/N434Y
F730 6.00E-07 T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F731 8.50E-07 T307A/Q311H/N434Y
F732 6.80E-07 T307Q/Q311H/N434Y F733 3.20E-07 M252Y/L328E/N434Y
F734 3.10E-07 G236D/M252Y/L328E/N434Y F736 3.10E-07
M252Y/S267M/L328E/N434Y F737 3.10E-07 M252Y/S267L/L328E/N434Y F738
3.50E-07 P238D/M252Y/T307P/N434Y F739 2.20E-07
M252Y/T307P/Q311A/N434Y F740 2.90E-07 M252Y/T307P/Q311H/N434Y F741
3.10E-07 P238D/T250A/M252Y/N434Y F744 9.90E-07
P238D/T250F/M252Y/N434Y F745 6.60E-07 P238D/T250G/M252Y/N434Y F746
6.00E-07 P238D/T250H/M252Y/N434Y F747 2.80E-07
P238D/T250I/M252Y/N434Y F749 5.10E-07 P238D/T250L/M252Y/N434Y F750
3.00E-07 P238D/T250M/M252Y/N434Y F751 5.30E-07
P238D/T250N/M252Y/N434Y F753 1.80E-07 P238D/T250Q/M252Y/N434Y F755
3.50E-07 P238D/T250S/M252Y/N434Y F756 3.70E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/N434Y F757 1.20E-06 P238D/T250W/M252Y/N434Y F758
1.40E-06 P238D/T250Y/M252Y/N434Y F759 L235K/S239K F760 L235R/S239K
F761 1.10E-06 P238D/N434Y F762 3.60E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F763 3.50E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F764 6.30E-07
P238D/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F765 8.50E-08
P238D/M252Y/T307Q/L309E/Q311A/N434Y F766 6.00E-07
T307A/L309E/Q311A/N434Y F767 4.30E-07 T307Q/L309E/Q311A/N434Y F768
6.40E-07 T307A/L309E/Q311H/N434Y F769 4.60E-07
T307Q/L309E/Q311H/N434Y F770 3.00E-07 M252Y/T256A/N434Y
[0622] Table 28-16 is the continuation of Table 28-15.
TABLE-US-00050 TABLE 28-16 F771 4.00E-07 M252Y/E272A/N434Y F772
3.80E-07 M252Y/K274A/N434Y F773 3.90E-07 M252Y/V282A/N434Y F774
4.00E-07 M252Y/N286A/N434Y F775 6.20E-07 M252Y/K338A/N434Y F776
3.90E-07 M252Y/K340A/N434Y F777 3.90E-07 M252Y/E345A/N434Y F779
3.90E-07 M252Y/N361A/N434Y F780 3.90E-07 M252Y/Q362A/N434Y F781
3.70E-07 M252Y/S375A/N434Y F782 3.50E-07 M252Y/Y391A/N434Y F783
4.00E-07 M252Y/D413A/N434Y F784 5.00E-07 M252Y/L309A/N434Y F785
7.40E-07 M252Y/L309N/N434Y F786 2.80E-08
M252Y/S254T/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F787 8.80E-08
M252Y/S254T/T307Q/L309E/Q311A/N434Y F788 4.10E-07 M252Y/N315A/N434Y
F789 1.50E-07 M252Y/N315D/N434Y F790 2.70E-07 M252Y/N315E/N434Y
F791 4.40E-07 M252Y/N315F/N434Y F792 4.40E-07 M252Y/N315G/N434Y
F793 3.30E-07 M252Y/N315I/N434Y F794 4.10E-07 M252Y/N315K/N434Y
F795 3.10E-07 M252Y/N315L/N434Y F796 3.40E-07 M252Y/N315M/N434Y
F798 3.50E-07 M252Y/N315Q/N434Y F799 4.10E-07 M252Y/N315R/N434Y
F800 3.80E-07 M252Y/N315S/N434Y F801 4.40E-07 M252Y/N315T/N434Y
F802 3.30E-07 M252Y/N315V/N434Y F803 3.60E-07 M252Y/N315W/N434Y
F804 4.00E-07 M252Y/N315Y/N434Y F805 3.00E-07 M252Y/N325A/N434Y
F806 3.10E-07 M252Y/N384A/N434Y F807 3.20E-07 M252Y/N389A/N434Y
F808 3.20E-07 M252Y/N389A/N390A/N434Y F809 2.20E-07
M252Y/S254T/T256S/N434Y F810 2.20E-07 M252Y/A378V/N434Y F811
4.90E-07 M252Y/E380S/N434Y F812 2.70E-07 M252Y/E382V/N434Y F813
2.80E-07 M252Y/S424E/N434Y F814 1.20E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436I
[0623] Table 28-17 is the continuation of Table 28-16.
TABLE-US-00051 TABLE 28-17 F815 5.50E-07 M252Y/N434Y/T437R F816
3.60E-07 P238D/T250V/M252Y/T307P/N434Y F817 9.80E-08
P238D/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F819 1.40E-07
P238D/M252Y/N286E/N434Y F820 3.40E-07 L235K/S239K/M252Y/N434Y F821
3.10E-07 L235R/S239K/M252Y/N434Y F822 1.10E-06
P238D/T250Y/M252Y/W313Y/N434Y F823 1.10E-06
P238D/T250Y/M252Y/W313F/N434Y F828 2.50E-06
P238D/T250V/M252Y/I253V/N434Y F831 1.60E-06
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255A/N434Y F832 2.60E-06
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255D/N434Y F833 8.00E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255E/N434Y F834 8.10E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255F/N434Y F836 5.00E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255H/N434Y F837 5.60E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255I/N434Y F838 4.30E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255K/N434Y F839 3.40E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255L/N434Y F840 4.20E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255M/N434Y F841 1.10E-06
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255N/N434Y F843 6.60E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255Q/N434Y F844 1.30E-06
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255S/N434Y F847 3.40E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255W/N434Y F848 8.30E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/R255Y/N434Y F849 3.30E-07 M252Y/D280A/N434Y F850
2.90E-07 M252Y/D280E/N434Y F852 3.30E-07 M252Y/D280G/N434Y F853
3.20E-07 M252Y/D280H/N434Y F855 3.20E-07 M252Y/D280K/N434Y F858
3.20E-07 M252Y/D280N/N434Y F860 3.30E-07 M252Y/D280Q/N434Y F861
3.20E-07 M252Y/D280R/N434Y F862 3.00E-07 M252Y/D280S/N434Y F863
2.70E-07 M252Y/D280T/N434Y F867 2.80E-07 M252Y/N384A/N389A/N434Y
F868 2.00E-08 G236A/S239D/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F869
G236A/S239D F870 7.30E-08 L235K/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F871
7.10E-08 L235R/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y F872 1.30E-07
L235K/S239K/M252Y/N286E/N434Y F873 1.20E-07
L235R/S239K/M252Y/N286E/N434Y F875 4.80E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436A F877
8.30E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436E
[0624] Table 28-18 is the continuation of Table 28-17.
TABLE-US-00052 TABLE 28-18 F878 1.90E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436F F879
9.20E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436G F880 3.90E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436H F881
3.10E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436K F882 1.30E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436L F883
2.10E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436M F884 4.00E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436N F888
4.80E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436S F889 2.20E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436T F890
1.10E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436V F891 1.70E-07 M252Y/N434Y/Y436W F892
7.10E-08 M252Y/S254T/N434Y/Y436I F893 9.80E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/N434Y/Y4361 F894 9.20E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/N434Y/Y4361 F895 2.10E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/ Q311A/N315E/N434Y F896 2.00E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/ Q311A/N315E/N434Y F897 9.70E-08
M252Y/N315D/N384A/N389A/N434Y F898 1.70E-07
M252Y/N315E/N384A/N389A/N434Y F899 1.10E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316A/N434Y
F900 1.70E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316D/N434Y F901 1.30E-07
M252Y/N315D/G316E/N434Y F902 2.20E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316F/N434Y F903
2.30E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316H/N434Y F904 1.00E-07
M252Y/N315D/G316I/N434Y F905 1.30E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316K/N434Y F906
1.50E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316L/N434Y F907 1.30E-07
M252Y/N315D/G316M/N434Y F908 1.50E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316N/N434Y F909
1.30E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316P/N434Y F910 1.40E-07
M252Y/N315D/G316Q/N434Y F911 1.30E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316R/N434Y F912
1.20E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316S/N434Y F913 1.10E-07
M252Y/N315D/G316T/N434Y F914 1.50E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316V/N434Y F915
2.30E-07 M252Y/N315D/G316W/N434Y F917 2.50E-07 M252Y/N286S/N434Y
F918 2.80E-07 M252Y/D280E/N384A/N389A/N434Y F919 3.30E-07
M252Y/D280G/N384A/N389A/N434Y F920 2.50E-07
M252Y/N286S/N384A/N389A/N434Y F921 1.20E-07
M252Y/N286E/N384A/N389A/N434Y F922 5.90E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/N286E/N434Y/Y436I F923 6.00E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/N286E/N434Y/Y436I
[0625] Table 28-19 is the continuation of Table 28-18.
TABLE-US-00053 TABLE 28-19 F924 3.40E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/Y4361 F925 3.20E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/Y4361 F926 1.10E-07
L235K/S239K/M252Y/S254T/N434Y/Y4361 F927 1.00E-07
L235R/S239K/M252Y/S254T/N434Y/Y4361 F928 2.90E-08
M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/Y4361 F929 2.90E-08
M252Y/S254T/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/Y4361 F930 1.40E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/N286E/N434Y F931 1.20E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/N434Y/Y436I F932 3.20E-07 T250V/M252Y/N434Y F933
3.00E-07 L234R/P238D/T250V/M252Y/N434Y F934 3.10E-07
G236K/P238D/T250V/M252Y/N434Y F935 3.20E-07
G237K/P238D/T250V/M252Y/N434Y F936 3.20E-07
G237R/P238D/T250V/M252Y/N434Y F937 3.10E-07
P238D/S239K/T250V/M252Y/N434Y F938 1.60E-07
L235K/S239K/M252Y/N434Y/Y436V F939 1.50E-07
L235R/S239K/M252Y/N434Y/Y436V F940 1.50E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/N434Y/Y436V F941 1.20E-08
M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/Y436V F942 4.20E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/Y436V F943 4.00E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/Y436V F944 1.70E-07
T250V/M252Y/N434Y/Y436V F945 1.70E-08 T250V/M252Y/V308P/N434Y/Y436V
F946 4.30E-08 T250V/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/Y436V F947 1.10E-08
T250V/M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/N434Y/Y436V F954 5.30E-07
M252Y/N434Y/H435K/Y436V F957 7.70E-07 M252Y/N434Y/H435N/Y436V F960
8.00E-07 M252Y/N434Y/H435R/Y436V F966 3.10E-07 M252Y/S254A/N434Y
F970 2.50E-06 M252Y/S254G/N434Y F971 2.60E-06 M252Y/S254H/N434Y
F972 2.60E-07 M252Y/S254I/N434Y F978 1.30E-06 M252Y/S254Q/N434Y
F980 1.80E-07 M252Y/S254V/N434Y F987 4.00E-08
P238D/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/Y436V F988 6.90E-08
P238D/T250V/M252Y/N286E/N434Y/Y436V F989 1.40E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y/Y436V F990 9.40E-09
L235R/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/ N434Y/Y436V F991 1.30E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/ N434Y/Y436V F992 5.10E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/M428I/ N434Y/Y436V F993 3.80E-08
M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/Y436V F994 2.80E-07 M252Y/N325G/N434Y F995
2.90E-07 L235R/P238D/S239K/M252Y/N434Y
[0626] Table 28-20 is the continuation of Table 28-19.
TABLE-US-00054 TABLE 28-20 F996 1.30E-07
L235R/P238D/S239K/M252Y/N434Y/Y436V F997 3.80E-07
K248I/T250V/M252Y/N434Y/Y436V F998 8.50E-07
K248Y/T250V/M252Y/N434Y/Y436V F999 2.10E-07
T250V/M252Y/E258H/N434Y/Y436V F1005 N325G F1008 1.70E-07
L235R/8239K/T250V/M252Y/N434Y/Y436V F1009 1.20E-08
L235R/S239K/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/ N434Y/Y436V F1010
1.90E-07 L235R/S239K/M252Y/T307A/Q311H/N434Y F1011 4.50E-08
T250V/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F1012 4.70E-08
L235R/S239K/T250V/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F1013 3.00E-08
T250V/M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/N434Y F1014 3.20E-08
L235R/S239K/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/ N434Y F1015 2.20E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/N434Y F1016 3.80E-09
T250V/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/N434Y/ Y436V F1017 4.20E-09
L235R/S239K/T250V/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/V308P/ Q311A/N434Y/Y436V F1018
3.20E-09 L235R/S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/ N434Y/Y436V
F1019 3.40E-07 P238D/T250V/M252Y/N325G/N434Y F1020 8.50E-08
P238D/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N325G/N434Y F1021 3.30E-07
P238D/T250V/M252Y/N325A/N434Y F1022 K326D/L328Y F1023 4.40E-08
S239D/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/Y436V F1024 4.00E-08
T250V/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/K326D/L328Y/N434Y/ Y436V F1025 3.60E-08
S239D/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/K326D/L328Y/ N434Y/Y436V F1026
8.40E-08 M252Y/T307A/Q311H/N434Y/Y436V F1027 8.60E-08
L235R/S239K/M252Y/T307A/Q311H/N434Y/Y436V F1028 4.60E-08
G236A/S239D/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/ Y436V F1029 5.10E-08
T250V/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/I332E/N434Y/Y436V F1030 I332E F1031
5.30E-08 G236A/S2390/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/I332E/ N434Y/Y436V
F1032 4.30E-08 P238D/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/N325G/N434Y/ Y436V
F1033 1.00E-06 P238D/N434W F1034 1.50E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/V308P/N434Y/Y436V F1035 1.00E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/N434Y/ Y436V F1036 1.40E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/Q311A/N434Y/ Y436V F1037 6.10E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/Q311A/M428I/N434Y/ Y436V F1038 2.80E-07
L235K/P238D/S239K/M252Y/N434Y F1039 1.30E-07
L235K/P238D/S239K/M252Y/N434Y/Y436V
[0627] Table 28-21 is the continuation of Table 28-20.
TABLE-US-00055 TABLE 28-21 F1040 2.00E-07
L235K/S239K/T250V/M252Y/N434Y/Y436V F1041 1.40E-08
L235K/S239K/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/ N434Y/Y436V F1042
2.00E-07 L235K/S239K/M252Y/T307A/Q311H/N434Y F1043 5.20E-08
L235K/S239K/T250V/M252Y/V308P/N434Y F1044 3.50E-08
L235K/S239K/T250V/M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/ N434Y F1045 2.50E-08
L235K/S239K/M252Y/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/N434Y F1046 4.50E-09
L235K/S239K/T250V/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/V308P/ Q311A/N434Y/Y436V F1047
3.40E-09 L235K/S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/ N434Y/Y436V
F1048 9.90E-08 L235K/S239K/M252Y/T307A/Q311H/N434Y/Y436V F1050
3.50E-09 T250V/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/M428I/ N434Y/Y436V
F1051 3.90E-09 L235R/S239K/T250V/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/V308P/
Q311A/M428I/N434Y/Y436V F1052 3.20E-09
L235R/S239K/M252Y/N286E/T307Q/V308P/Q311A/ M428I/N434Y/Y436V
Reference Example 13
In Vivo Study of Various Fc Variant Antibodies by Steady-State
Infusion Model Using Human FcRn Transgenic Mouse Lineage 32
[0628] Fc variants generated in Reference Example 12 was tested for
their ability to eliminate antigen from plasma in steady-state
infusion model using human FcRn transgenic mouse lineage 32.
Steady-state infusion model in vivo study was performed as
described in Example 1, but human FcRn transgenic mouse lineage 32
was used instead of lineage 276, and monoclonal anti-mouse CD4
antibody was administered twice (before infusion pump was implanted
and 14 days after antibody administration) or three times (before
infusion pump was implanted and 10 and 20 days after antibody
administration).
[0629] From the Fc variants described in Tables 28-1 to 28-21,
selected antibody Fc variants listed below were expressed and
purified by methods known to those skilled in the art as described
in Reference Example 3:
Fv-4-IgG1 comprising VH3-IgG1 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F11 comprising
VH3-IgG1-F11 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F14 comprising VH3-IgG1-F14 and
VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F39 comprising VH3-IgG1-F39 and VL3-CK;
Fv-4-IgG1-F48 comprising VH3-IgG1-F48 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F140
comprising VH3-IgG1-F140 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F157 comprising
VH3-IgG1-F157 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F194 comprising VH3-IgG1-F194
and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F196 comprising VH3-IgG1-F196 and VL3-CK;
Fv-4-IgG1-F198 comprising VH3-IgG1-F198 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F262
comprising VH3-IgG1-F262 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F264 comprising
VH3-IgG1-F264 and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F393 comprising VH3-IgG1-F393
and VL3-CK; Fv-4-IgG1-F424 comprising VH3-IgG1-F434 and VL3-CK; and
Fv-4-IgG1-F447 comprising VH3-IgG1-F447 and VL3-CK.
[0630] These antibodies were administered to the human FcRn
transgenic mouse lineage 32 at a dose of 1 mg/kg.
[0631] FIG. 49 describes the time course of plasma hsIL-6R
concentration in the mouse. Compared to Fv-4-IgG1, all the Fc
variants having increased binding affinity to human FcRn at pH 7.0
exhibited reduction of plasma hsIL-6R concentration, therefore
enhanced antigen elimination from plasma. Although the extent and
durability of antigen concentration reduction was different among
the Fc variants, all the variant consistently reduced the plasma
hsIL-6R concentration as compared to IgG1 demonstrating that
increased binding affinity to human FcRn at pH 7.0 would
universally enhance the antigen elimination from plasma. FIG. 50
describes the time course of plasma antibody concentration in the
mouse. Antibody pharmacokinetics was different among the Fc
variants.
[0632] As described in Reference Example 9, amount of antigen
eliminated from plasma per antibody is the important factor to
evaluate the efficiency of antigen elimination by administrating
the antibody Fc variants having increased binding affinity to human
FcRn at pH 7.0. Therefore, time courses of value C (molar
antigen/antibody ratio) for each antibody were described in FIG.
51. FIG. 52 describes the relationship between the binding affinity
of Fc variants to human FcRn at pH 7.0 and value C (molar
antigen/antibody ratio) at day 1 after administration of
antibodies. This demonstrates that all the antibody Fc variants
tested in this study have lower value C as compared to Fv-4-IgG1.
Since all the Fc variants tested in this study have binding
affinity to human FcRn at pH 7.0 stronger than KD 3.0 .mu.M, they
achieved higher antigen elimination efficiency as compared to
natural human IgG1. This was consistent with the results obtained
in Reference Example 9 (FIG. 42).
[0633] FIG. 53 describes that among the Fc variants tested in this
study, antibodies having Fc variant of F11, F39, F48, and F264
exhibited similar pharmacokinetics to IgG1. Since this study is
conducted using human FcRn transgenic mouse, these Fc variants is
expected to have long half-life similar to IgG1 also in human. FIG.
54 describes the time course of plasma hsIL-6R concentration in
mice administered with antibodies having similar pharmacokinetics
to natural human IgG1 (F11, F39, F48, and F264). These variants
reduced the plasma hsIL-6R concentration as compared to IgG1
approximately 10-fold. Moreover, these antibodies reduced the
hsIL-6R concentration below the baseline hsIL-6R concentration
(concentration without antibody). Therefore, these antibodies would
enable long-term elimination of antigen from plasma, and therefore
long dosing intervals which would be preferable for antibody
therapeutics for chronic disease.
[0634] FIGS. 55 and 56 described the time course of plasma antibody
concentration and plasma hsIL-6R concentration for IgG1, and Fc
variant F157, F196 and F262, respectively. Surprisingly, although
antibody pharmacokinetics of F157 and F262 showed significantly
faster clearance from plasma as compared to natural human IgG1,
F157 and F262 exhibited significant elimination of hsIL-6R from
plasma. Specifically, plasma hsIL-6R concentration of F157 was
below detection limit (1.56 ng/mL), from days 1 to 28 (except at
day 14), and that of F262 was below detection limit (1.56 ng/mL)
from days 14 to 28. On the other hand, for F196 with slower
clearance of antibody compared to F157, antigen concentration
started to increase at day 14 and returned back to baseline at day
28. Among the Fc variants tested in this study, F157 and F262 were
the only Fc variants that were capable of reducing plasma hsIL-6R
concentration below 1.56 ng/mL at day 28.
[0635] Such durable long-term effect of F157 and F262 is unexpected
from the pharmacokinetics of the antibody, since antibodies were
eliminated from plasma very rapidly as compared to natural human
IgG1. In particular, plasma antibody concentration of F157 was not
detected at day 21. Nevertheless, plasma hsIL-6R concentration
continued to be reduced to a level lower than the detection limit
of 1.56 ng/mL at days 21 and 28. The present invention is not
limited to a particular theory, but this unexpected effect is
considered to be due to the presence of the antibody at the surface
of vascular endothelium cell as FcRn bound form. Although these
antibodies showed low concentration in plasma, these antibodies is
still present in the vascular compartment as FcRn bound form (which
cannot be measured as a plasma antibody concentration). These FcRn
bound antibody can still bind to the antigen in the plasma, and
after FcRn mediated uptake of antigen/antibody complex, antigen is
released within the endosome and degraded by the lysosome while the
antibody is recycled back to the cell surface as FcRn bound form.
Thus these FcRn bound antibody contribute to the antigen
elimination. This explains the reason why these antibodies
maintains antigen elimination capability even after the antibody
concentration becomes low in plasma.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0636] The present invention provides methods for promoting antigen
uptake into cells by using antigen-binding molecules, methods for
increasing the number of times of antigen binding by one
antigen-binding molecule, methods for promoting the reduction of
plasma antigen concentration by administering antigen-binding
molecules, and methods for improving plasma retention of
antigen-binding molecules. By promoting antigen uptake into cells
by an antigen-binding molecule, it becomes possible to not only
promote the reduction of plasma antigen by administration of the
antigen-binding molecule, but also improve the plasma retention of
the antigen-binding molecule and increase the number of times of
antigen binding by each of the antigen-binding molecule. Such
antigen-binding molecules can exhibit more beneficial effects in
vivo than typical antigen-binding molecules.
Sequence CWU 1
1
1131449PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
1Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1
5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Tyr Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu
Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Ile Ile Asn Pro Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Ser
Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Arg Asp
Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr Val Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg
Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Asp Pro
Gly Gly Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly 100 105 110 Gln Gly Thr
Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser 115 120 125 Val
Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala 130 135
140 Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val
145 150 155 160 Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr
Phe Pro Ala 165 170 175 Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser
Ser Val Val Thr Val 180 185 190 Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His 195 200 205 Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val
Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys 210 215 220 Asp Lys Thr His Thr
Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly 225 230 235 240 Gly Pro
Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met 245 250 255
Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 260
265 270 Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu
Val 275 280 285 His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn
Ser Thr Tyr 290 295 300 Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln
Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly 305 310 315 320 Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser
Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile 325 330 335 Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys
Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val 340 345 350 Tyr Thr Leu Pro
Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser 355 360 365 Leu Thr
Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 370 375 380
Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro 385
390 395 400 Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu
Thr Val 405 410 415 Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser
Cys Ser Val Met 420 425 430 His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln
Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 435 440 445 Pro 2216PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 2Gln Ser Val Leu Thr
Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Gly Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Arg Val Thr
Ile Ser Cys Thr Gly Ser Arg Ser Asn Met Gly Ala Gly 20 25 30 Tyr
Asp Val His Trp Tyr Gln Leu Leu Pro Gly Ala Ala Pro Lys Leu 35 40
45 Leu Ile Ser His Asn Thr His Arg Pro Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe
50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Lys Ser Gly Ala Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Ile Thr
Gly Leu 65 70 75 80 Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ser
His Asp Ser Ser 85 90 95 Leu Ser Ala Val Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr
Lys Leu Thr Val Leu Ser 100 105 110 Gln Pro Lys Ala Ala Pro Ser Val
Thr Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu 115 120 125 Glu Leu Gln Ala Asn Lys
Ala Thr Leu Val Cys Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe 130 135 140 Tyr Pro Gly Ala
Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp Ser Ser Pro Val 145 150 155 160 Lys
Ala Gly Val Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys 165 170
175 Tyr Ala Ala Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser
180 185 190 His Arg Ser Tyr Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr
Val Glu 195 200 205 Lys Thr Val Ala Pro Thr Glu Cys 210 215
3453PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 3Gln
Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ser 1 5 10
15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Gly Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr
20 25 30 Ala Ile Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu
Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly Ile Ile Pro Ile Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn Tyr
Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp Glu
Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser
Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Glu Arg Asp Tyr
Tyr Asp Ser Ser Gly Tyr Tyr Asp Ala Phe 100 105 110 Asp Ile Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr 115 120 125 Lys Gly
Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser 130 135 140
Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu 145
150 155 160 Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly
Val His 165 170 175 Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr
Ser Leu Ser Ser 180 185 190 Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly
Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys 195 200 205 Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn
Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu 210 215 220 Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys
Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro 225 230 235 240 Glu Leu Leu
Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys 245 250 255 Asp
Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val 260 265
270 Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp
275 280 285 Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu
Gln Tyr 290 295 300 Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val
Leu His Gln Asp 305 310 315 320 Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys
Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu 325 330 335 Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr
Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg 340 345 350 Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr
Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys 355 360 365 Asn Gln Val
Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp 370 375 380 Ile
Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys 385 390
395 400 Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr
Ser 405 410 415 Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn
Val Phe Ser 420 425 430 Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His
Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser 435 440 445 Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 450
4214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 4Glu
Thr Thr Val Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Phe Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10
15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Ile Thr Thr Thr Asp Ile Asp Asp Asp
20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Phe Gln Gln Glu Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu
Leu Ile 35 40 45 Ser Glu Gly Asn Ile Leu Arg Pro Gly Val Pro Ser
Arg Phe Ser Ser 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr
Ile Ser Lys Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys
Leu Gln Ser Asp Asn Leu Pro Phe 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr
Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe
Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala
Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140
Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145
150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser
Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys
His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser
Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
5447PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 5Gln
Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Glu 1 5 10
15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Val Ser Gly Tyr Ser Ile Ser Asp Asp
20 25 30 Gln Ala Trp Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Glu Gly Leu
Glu Trp 35 40 45 Ile Gly Tyr Ile Ser Tyr Ser Gly Ile Thr Asn Tyr
Asn Pro Ser Leu 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Thr
Ser Lys Asn Gln Phe Ser 65 70 75 80 Leu Lys Leu Ser Ser Val Thr Ala
Ala Asp Thr Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Ser Leu Ala Arg
Thr Thr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Glu Gly 100 105 110 Thr Leu Val Thr
Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe 115 120 125 Pro Leu
Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu 130 135 140
Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp 145
150 155 160 Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala
Val Leu 165 170 175 Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val
Thr Val Pro Ser 180 185 190 Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys
Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro 195 200 205 Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys
Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys 210 215 220 Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro
Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro 225 230 235 240 Ser Val Phe
Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser 245 250 255 Arg
Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp 260 265
270 Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn
275 280 285 Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr
Arg Val 290 295 300 Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu
Asn Gly Lys Glu 305 310 315 320 Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala
Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys 325 330 335 Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr 340 345 350 Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg
Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr 355 360 365 Cys Leu Val
Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu 370 375 380 Ser
Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu 385 390
395 400 Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp
Lys 405 410 415 Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val
Met His Glu 420 425 430 Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu
Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440 445 6214PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 6Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro
Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Ser Val Thr Ile Thr
Cys Gln Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr
Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Tyr
Gly Ser Glu Leu His Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Phe Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Glu Ala 65
70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Gly Asn Ser Leu
Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Glu Arg
Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp
Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu
Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val
Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val
Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser
Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185
190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser
195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 7453PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 7Gln Val Gln Leu Val
Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys
Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Gly Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala
Ile Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40
45 Gly Gly Ile Ile Pro Ile Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe
50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp Glu Ser Thr Ser Thr
Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Glu Arg Asp Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Ser
Gly Tyr Tyr Asp Ala Phe 100 105 110 Asp Ile Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Met
Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr 115 120 125 Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe
Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser 130 135 140 Gly Gly Thr Ala
Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu 145 150 155 160 Pro
Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His 165 170
175 Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser
180 185 190 Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr
Ile Cys 195 200 205 Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp
Lys Lys Val Glu 210 215 220 Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys
Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro 225 230 235 240 Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser
Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys
245 250 255 Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val
Val Val 260 265 270 Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn
Trp Tyr Val Asp 275 280 285 Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys
Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr 290 295 300 Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser
Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp 305 310 315 320 Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys
Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu 325 330 335 Pro Ala Pro
Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg 340 345 350 Glu
Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys 355 360
365 Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp
370 375 380 Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn
Tyr Lys 385 390 395 400 Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser
Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser 405 410 415 Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp
Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser 420 425 430 Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala
Leu His Trp His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser 435 440 445 Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro
450 8214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
8Glu Thr Thr Val Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Phe Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Ile Thr Thr Thr Asp Ile Asp Asp
Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Phe Gln Gln Glu Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys
Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Ser Glu Gly Asn Ile Leu Arg Pro Gly Val Pro
Ser Arg Phe Ser Ser 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Lys Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr
Cys Leu Gln Ser Asp Asn Leu Pro Phe 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135
140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln
145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
9449PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 9Gln
Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10
15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr
20 25 30 Tyr Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu
Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Ile Ile Asn Pro Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Ser Tyr
Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Arg Asp Thr
Ser Thr Ser Thr Val Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser
Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Asp Pro Gly
Gly Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly 100 105 110 Gln Gly Thr Leu
Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser 115 120 125 Val Phe
Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala 130 135 140
Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val 145
150 155 160 Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe
Pro Ala 165 170 175 Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser
Val Val Thr Val 180 185 190 Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr
Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His 195 200 205 Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp
Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys 210 215 220 Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys
Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly 225 230 235 240 Gly Pro Ser
Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met 245 250 255 Ile
Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 260 265
270 Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val
275 280 285 His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser
Thr Tyr 290 295 300 Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp
Trp Leu Asn Gly 305 310 315 320 Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile 325 330 335 Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala
Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val 340 345 350 Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro
Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser 355 360 365 Leu Thr Cys
Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 370 375 380 Trp
Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro 385 390
395 400 Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr
Val 405 410 415 Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys
Ser Val Met 420 425 430 His Glu Ala Leu His Trp His Tyr Thr Gln Lys
Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 435 440 445 Pro 10216PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 10Gln Ser Val Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro
Ser Val Ser Gly Ala Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys
Thr Gly Ser Arg Ser Asn Met Gly Ala Gly 20 25 30 Tyr Asp Val His
Trp Tyr Gln Leu Leu Pro Gly Ala Ala Pro Lys Leu 35 40 45 Leu Ile
Ser His Asn Thr His Arg Pro Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe 50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Lys Ser Gly Ala Ser Ala Ser Leu Ala Ile Thr Gly Leu 65
70 75 80 Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ser His Asp
Ser Ser 85 90 95 Leu Ser Ala Val Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys Leu
Thr Val Leu Ser 100 105 110 Gln Pro Lys Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr Leu
Phe Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu 115 120 125 Glu Leu Gln Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr
Leu Val Cys Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe 130 135 140 Tyr Pro Gly Ala Val Thr
Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp Ser Ser Pro Val 145 150 155 160 Lys Ala Gly
Val Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys 165 170 175 Tyr
Ala Ala Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser 180 185
190 His Arg Ser Tyr Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu
195 200 205 Lys Thr Val Ala Pro Thr Glu Cys 210 215
11447PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
11Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Glu 1
5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Val Ser Gly Tyr Ser Ile Ser Asp
Asp 20 25 30 Gln Ala Trp Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Glu Gly
Leu Glu Trp 35 40 45 Ile Gly Tyr Ile Ser Tyr Ser Gly Ile Thr Asn
Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp
Thr Ser Lys Asn Gln Phe Ser 65 70 75 80 Leu Lys Leu Ser Ser Val Thr
Ala Ala Asp Thr Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Ser Leu Ala
Arg Thr Thr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Glu Gly 100 105 110 Thr Leu Val
Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe 115 120 125 Pro
Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu 130 135
140 Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp
145 150 155 160 Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro
Ala Val Leu 165 170 175 Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val
Val Thr Val Pro Ser 180 185 190 Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile
Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro 195 200 205 Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys 210 215 220 Thr His Thr Cys Pro
Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro 225 230 235 240 Ser Val
Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser 245 250 255
Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp 260
265 270 Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His
Asn 275 280 285 Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr
Tyr Arg Val 290 295 300 Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp
Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu 305 310 315 320 Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys
Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys 325 330 335 Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys
Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr 340 345 350 Leu Pro Pro Ser
Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr 355 360 365 Cys Leu
Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu 370 375 380
Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu 385
390 395 400 Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val
Asp Lys 405 410 415 Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser
Val Met His Glu 420 425 430 Ala Leu His Trp His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser
Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440 445 12214PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 12Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro
Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Ser Val Thr Ile Thr
Cys Gln Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr
Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Tyr
Gly Ser Glu Leu His Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Phe Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Glu Ala 65
70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Gly Asn Ser Leu
Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Glu Arg
Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp
Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu
Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val
Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val
Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser
Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185
190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser
195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 13449PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 13Gln Val Gln Leu Gln
Glu Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Arg Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser
Leu Thr Cys Thr Val Ser Gly Tyr Ser Ile Thr Ser Asp 20 25 30 His
Ala Trp Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Arg Gly Leu Glu Trp 35 40
45 Ile Gly Tyr Ile Ser Tyr Ser Gly Ile Thr Thr Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu
50 55 60 Lys Ser Arg Val Thr Met Leu Arg Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn Gln
Phe Ser 65 70 75 80 Leu Arg Leu Ser Ser Val Thr Ala Ala Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Ser Leu Ala Arg Thr Thr Ala Met
Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly 100 105 110 Ser Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala
Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe 115 120 125 Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser
Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu 130 135 140 Gly Cys Leu Val
Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp 145 150 155 160 Asn
Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu 165 170
175 Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser
180 185 190 Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His
Lys Pro 195 200 205 Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys
Ser Cys Asp Lys 210 215 220 Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro
Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro 225 230 235 240 Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro
Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser 245 250 255 Arg Thr Pro Glu Val
Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp 260 265 270 Pro Glu Val
Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn 275 280 285 Ala
Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val 290 295
300 Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu
305 310 315 320 Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro
Ile Glu Lys 325 330 335 Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu
Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr 340 345 350 Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr
Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr 355 360 365 Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr
Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu 370 375 380 Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro
Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu 385 390 395 400 Asp Ser
Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys 405 410 415
Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu 420
425 430 Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro
Gly 435 440 445 Lys 14214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 14Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala
Ser Gln Asp Ile Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Tyr Thr Ser Arg
Leu His Ser
Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp
Phe Thr Phe Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ile Ala
Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Gly Asn Thr Leu Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe
Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110
Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115
120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu
Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly
Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp
Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala
Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His
Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly
Glu Cys 210 15468PRTHomo sapiens 15Met Leu Ala Val Gly Cys Ala Leu
Leu Ala Ala Leu Leu Ala Ala Pro 1 5 10 15 Gly Ala Ala Leu Ala Pro
Arg Arg Cys Pro Ala Gln Glu Val Ala Arg 20 25 30 Gly Val Leu Thr
Ser Leu Pro Gly Asp Ser Val Thr Leu Thr Cys Pro 35 40 45 Gly Val
Glu Pro Glu Asp Asn Ala Thr Val His Trp Val Leu Arg Lys 50 55 60
Pro Ala Ala Gly Ser His Pro Ser Arg Trp Ala Gly Met Gly Arg Arg 65
70 75 80 Leu Leu Leu Arg Ser Val Gln Leu His Asp Ser Gly Asn Tyr
Ser Cys 85 90 95 Tyr Arg Ala Gly Arg Pro Ala Gly Thr Val His Leu
Leu Val Asp Val 100 105 110 Pro Pro Glu Glu Pro Gln Leu Ser Cys Phe
Arg Lys Ser Pro Leu Ser 115 120 125 Asn Val Val Cys Glu Trp Gly Pro
Arg Ser Thr Pro Ser Leu Thr Thr 130 135 140 Lys Ala Val Leu Leu Val
Arg Lys Phe Gln Asn Ser Pro Ala Glu Asp 145 150 155 160 Phe Gln Glu
Pro Cys Gln Tyr Ser Gln Glu Ser Gln Lys Phe Ser Cys 165 170 175 Gln
Leu Ala Val Pro Glu Gly Asp Ser Ser Phe Tyr Ile Val Ser Met 180 185
190 Cys Val Ala Ser Ser Val Gly Ser Lys Phe Ser Lys Thr Gln Thr Phe
195 200 205 Gln Gly Cys Gly Ile Leu Gln Pro Asp Pro Pro Ala Asn Ile
Thr Val 210 215 220 Thr Ala Val Ala Arg Asn Pro Arg Trp Leu Ser Val
Thr Trp Gln Asp 225 230 235 240 Pro His Ser Trp Asn Ser Ser Phe Tyr
Arg Leu Arg Phe Glu Leu Arg 245 250 255 Tyr Arg Ala Glu Arg Ser Lys
Thr Phe Thr Thr Trp Met Val Lys Asp 260 265 270 Leu Gln His His Cys
Val Ile His Asp Ala Trp Ser Gly Leu Arg His 275 280 285 Val Val Gln
Leu Arg Ala Gln Glu Glu Phe Gly Gln Gly Glu Trp Ser 290 295 300 Glu
Trp Ser Pro Glu Ala Met Gly Thr Pro Trp Thr Glu Ser Arg Ser 305 310
315 320 Pro Pro Ala Glu Asn Glu Val Ser Thr Pro Met Gln Ala Leu Thr
Thr 325 330 335 Asn Lys Asp Asp Asp Asn Ile Leu Phe Arg Asp Ser Ala
Asn Ala Thr 340 345 350 Ser Leu Pro Val Gln Asp Ser Ser Ser Val Pro
Leu Pro Thr Phe Leu 355 360 365 Val Ala Gly Gly Ser Leu Ala Phe Gly
Thr Leu Leu Cys Ile Ala Ile 370 375 380 Val Leu Arg Phe Lys Lys Thr
Trp Lys Leu Arg Ala Leu Lys Glu Gly 385 390 395 400 Lys Thr Ser Met
His Pro Pro Tyr Ser Leu Gly Gln Leu Val Pro Glu 405 410 415 Arg Pro
Arg Pro Thr Pro Val Leu Val Pro Leu Ile Ser Pro Pro Val 420 425 430
Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Gly Ser Asp Asn Thr Ser Ser His Asn Arg Pro 435
440 445 Asp Ala Arg Asp Pro Arg Ser Pro Tyr Asp Ile Ser Asn Thr Asp
Tyr 450 455 460 Phe Phe Pro Arg 465 161407DNAHomo sapiens
16atgctggccg tcggctgcgc gctgctggct gccctgctgg ccgcgccggg agcggcgctg
60gccccaaggc gctgccctgc gcaggaggtg gcgagaggcg tgctgaccag tctgccagga
120gacagcgtga ctctgacctg cccgggggta gagccggaag acaatgccac
tgttcactgg 180gtgctcagga agccggctgc aggctcccac cccagcagat
gggctggcat gggaaggagg 240ctgctgctga ggtcggtgca gctccacgac
tctggaaact attcatgcta ccgggccggc 300cgcccagctg ggactgtgca
cttgctggtg gatgttcccc ccgaggagcc ccagctctcc 360tgcttccgga
agagccccct cagcaatgtt gtttgtgagt ggggtcctcg gagcacccca
420tccctgacga caaaggctgt gctcttggtg aggaagtttc agaacagtcc
ggccgaagac 480ttccaggagc cgtgccagta ttcccaggag tcccagaagt
tctcctgcca gttagcagtc 540ccggagggag acagctcttt ctacatagtg
tccatgtgcg tcgccagtag tgtcgggagc 600aagttcagca aaactcaaac
ctttcagggt tgtggaatct tgcagcctga tccgcctgcc 660aacatcacag
tcactgccgt ggccagaaac ccccgctggc tcagtgtcac ctggcaagac
720ccccactcct ggaactcatc tttctacaga ctacggtttg agctcagata
tcgggctgaa 780cggtcaaaga cattcacaac atggatggtc aaggacctcc
agcatcactg tgtcatccac 840gacgcctgga gcggcctgag gcacgtggtg
cagcttcgtg cccaggagga gttcgggcaa 900ggcgagtgga gcgagtggag
cccggaggcc atgggcacgc cttggacaga atccaggagt 960cctccagctg
agaacgaggt gtccaccccc atgcaggcac ttactactaa taaagacgat
1020gataatattc tcttcagaga ttctgcaaat gcgacaagcc tcccagtgca
agattcttct 1080tcagtaccac tgcccacatt cctggttgct ggagggagcc
tggccttcgg aacgctcctc 1140tgcattgcca ttgttctgag gttcaagaag
acgtggaagc tgcgggctct gaaggaaggc 1200aagacaagca tgcatccgcc
gtactctttg gggcagctgg tcccggagag gcctcgaccc 1260accccagtgc
ttgttcctct catctcccca ccggtgtccc ccagcagcct ggggtctgac
1320aatacctcga gccacaaccg accagatgcc agggacccac ggagccctta
tgacatcagc 1380aatacagact acttcttccc cagatag 140717365PRTHomo
sapiens 17Met Gly Val Pro Arg Pro Gln Pro Trp Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu
Leu Phe 1 5 10 15 Leu Leu Pro Gly Ser Leu Gly Ala Glu Ser His Leu
Ser Leu Leu Tyr 20 25 30 His Leu Thr Ala Val Ser Ser Pro Ala Pro
Gly Thr Pro Ala Phe Trp 35 40 45 Val Ser Gly Trp Leu Gly Pro Gln
Gln Tyr Leu Ser Tyr Asn Ser Leu 50 55 60 Arg Gly Glu Ala Glu Pro
Cys Gly Ala Trp Val Trp Glu Asn Gln Val 65 70 75 80 Ser Trp Tyr Trp
Glu Lys Glu Thr Thr Asp Leu Arg Ile Lys Glu Lys 85 90 95 Leu Phe
Leu Glu Ala Phe Lys Ala Leu Gly Gly Lys Gly Pro Tyr Thr 100 105 110
Leu Gln Gly Leu Leu Gly Cys Glu Leu Gly Pro Asp Asn Thr Ser Val 115
120 125 Pro Thr Ala Lys Phe Ala Leu Asn Gly Glu Glu Phe Met Asn Phe
Asp 130 135 140 Leu Lys Gln Gly Thr Trp Gly Gly Asp Trp Pro Glu Ala
Leu Ala Ile 145 150 155 160 Ser Gln Arg Trp Gln Gln Gln Asp Lys Ala
Ala Asn Lys Glu Leu Thr 165 170 175 Phe Leu Leu Phe Ser Cys Pro His
Arg Leu Arg Glu His Leu Glu Arg 180 185 190 Gly Arg Gly Asn Leu Glu
Trp Lys Glu Pro Pro Ser Met Arg Leu Lys 195 200 205 Ala Arg Pro Ser
Ser Pro Gly Phe Ser Val Leu Thr Cys Ser Ala Phe 210 215 220 Ser Phe
Tyr Pro Pro Glu Leu Gln Leu Arg Phe Leu Arg Asn Gly Leu 225 230 235
240 Ala Ala Gly Thr Gly Gln Gly Asp Phe Gly Pro Asn Ser Asp Gly Ser
245 250 255 Phe His Ala Ser Ser Ser Leu Thr Val Lys Ser Gly Asp Glu
His His 260 265 270 Tyr Cys Cys Ile Val Gln His Ala Gly Leu Ala Gln
Pro Leu Arg Val 275 280 285 Glu Leu Glu Ser Pro Ala Lys Ser Ser Val
Leu Val Val Gly Ile Val 290 295 300 Ile Gly Val Leu Leu Leu Thr Ala
Ala Ala Val Gly Gly Ala Leu Leu 305 310 315 320 Trp Arg Arg Met Arg
Ser Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Trp Ile Ser Leu Arg 325 330 335 Gly Asp Asp
Thr Gly Val Leu Leu Pro Thr Pro Gly Glu Ala Gln Asp 340 345 350 Ala
Asp Leu Lys Asp Val Asn Val Ile Pro Ala Thr Ala 355 360 365
18119PRTHomo sapiens 18Met Ser Arg Ser Val Ala Leu Ala Val Leu Ala
Leu Leu Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Glu Ala Ile Gln Arg Thr Pro
Lys Ile Gln Val Tyr Ser Arg 20 25 30 His Pro Ala Glu Asn Gly Lys
Ser Asn Phe Leu Asn Cys Tyr Val Ser 35 40 45 Gly Phe His Pro Ser
Asp Ile Glu Val Asp Leu Leu Lys Asn Gly Glu 50 55 60 Arg Ile Glu
Lys Val Glu His Ser Asp Leu Ser Phe Ser Lys Asp Trp 65 70 75 80 Ser
Phe Tyr Leu Leu Tyr Tyr Thr Glu Phe Thr Pro Thr Glu Lys Asp 85 90
95 Glu Tyr Ala Cys Arg Val Asn His Val Thr Leu Ser Gln Pro Lys Ile
100 105 110 Val Lys Trp Asp Arg Asp Met 115 19447PRTHomo sapiens
19Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Glu 1
5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Val Ser Gly His Ser Ile Ser His
Asp 20 25 30 His Ala Trp Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Glu Gly
Leu Glu Trp 35 40 45 Ile Gly Phe Ile Ser Tyr Ser Gly Ile Thr Asn
Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp
Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg
Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Ser Leu Ala
Arg Thr Thr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Glu Gly 100 105 110 Thr Leu Val
Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe 115 120 125 Pro
Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu 130 135
140 Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp
145 150 155 160 Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro
Ala Val Leu 165 170 175 Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val
Val Thr Val Pro Ser 180 185 190 Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile
Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro 195 200 205 Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys 210 215 220 Thr His Thr Cys Pro
Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro 225 230 235 240 Ser Val
Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser 245 250 255
Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp 260
265 270 Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His
Asn 275 280 285 Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr
Tyr Arg Val 290 295 300 Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp
Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu 305 310 315 320 Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys
Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys 325 330 335 Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys
Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr 340 345 350 Leu Pro Pro Ser
Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr 355 360 365 Cys Leu
Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu 370 375 380
Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu 385
390 395 400 Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val
Asp Lys 405 410 415 Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser
Val Met His Glu 420 425 430 Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser
Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440 445 20214PRTHomo sapiens 20Asp Ile Gln
Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp
Ser Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Gln Ala Ser Thr Asp Ile Ser Ser His 20 25
30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Ile
35 40 45 Tyr Tyr Gly Ser His Leu Leu Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe
Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Phe Thr Ile Ser
Ser Leu Glu Ala 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gly Gln
Gly Asn Arg Leu Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val
Glu Ile Glu Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe
Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val
Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val
Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155
160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser
165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys
Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro
Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
21447PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
21Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Glu 1
5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Val Ser Gly His Ser Ile Ser His
Asp 20 25 30 His Ala Trp Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Glu Gly
Leu Glu Trp 35 40 45 Ile Gly Phe Ile Ser Tyr Ser Gly Ile Thr Asn
Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp
Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg
Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Ser Leu Ala
Arg Thr Thr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Glu Gly 100 105 110 Thr Leu Val
Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe 115 120 125 Pro
Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu 130 135
140 Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp
145 150 155 160 Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro
Ala Val Leu 165 170 175 Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val
Val Thr Val Pro Ser 180 185 190 Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile
Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro 195 200 205 Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys 210 215 220 Thr His Thr Cys Pro
Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro 225 230 235 240 Ser Val
Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Tyr Ile Thr 245 250 255
Arg Glu Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp 260
265 270 Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His
Asn 275
280 285 Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg
Val 290 295 300 Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn
Gly Lys Glu 305 310 315 320 Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu
Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys 325 330 335 Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln
Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr 340 345 350 Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp
Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr 355 360 365 Cys Leu Val Lys
Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu 370 375 380 Ser Asn
Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu 385 390 395
400 Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys
405 410 415 Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met
His Glu 420 425 430 Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser
Leu Ser Pro 435 440 445 22447PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 22Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu
Val Lys Pro Ser Glu 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Val Ser
Gly His Ser Ile Ser His Asp 20 25 30 His Ala Trp Ser Trp Val Arg
Gln Pro Pro Gly Glu Gly Leu Glu Trp 35 40 45 Ile Gly Phe Ile Ser
Tyr Ser Gly Ile Thr Asn Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg
Val Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Arg Ser Leu Ala Arg Thr Thr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Glu Gly
100 105 110 Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser
Val Phe 115 120 125 Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly
Thr Ala Ala Leu 130 135 140 Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu
Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp 145 150 155 160 Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser
Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu 165 170 175 Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu
Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser 180 185 190 Ser Ser Leu
Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro 195 200 205 Ser
Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys 210 215
220 Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro
225 230 235 240 Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu
Met Ile Ser 245 250 255 Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp
Val Ser His Glu Asp 260 265 270 Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val
Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn 275 280 285 Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val 290 295 300 Val Ser Val Leu Thr
Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu 305 310 315 320 Tyr Lys
Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys 325 330 335
Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr 340
345 350 Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu
Thr 355 360 365 Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val
Glu Trp Glu 370 375 380 Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr
Thr Pro Pro Val Leu 385 390 395 400 Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu
Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys 405 410 415 Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly
Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu 420 425 430 Ala Leu His Trp
His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440 445
23447PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
23Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Glu 1
5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Val Ser Gly His Ser Ile Ser His
Asp 20 25 30 His Ala Trp Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Glu Gly
Leu Glu Trp 35 40 45 Ile Gly Phe Ile Ser Tyr Ser Gly Ile Thr Asn
Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp
Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg
Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Ser Leu Ala
Arg Thr Thr Ala Met Asp Tyr Trp Gly Glu Gly 100 105 110 Thr Leu Val
Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe 115 120 125 Pro
Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu 130 135
140 Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp
145 150 155 160 Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro
Ala Val Leu 165 170 175 Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val
Val Thr Val Pro Ser 180 185 190 Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile
Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro 195 200 205 Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys 210 215 220 Thr His Thr Cys Pro
Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro 225 230 235 240 Ser Val
Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser 245 250 255
Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp 260
265 270 Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His
Asn 275 280 285 Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr
Tyr Arg Val 290 295 300 Val Ser Val Leu Thr Phe Leu His Gln Asp Trp
Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu 305 310 315 320 Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys
Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys 325 330 335 Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys
Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr 340 345 350 Leu Pro Pro Ser
Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr 355 360 365 Cys Leu
Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu 370 375 380
Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu 385
390 395 400 Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val
Asp Lys 405 410 415 Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser
Val Met His Glu 420 425 430 Ala Leu His Tyr His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser
Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440 445 24443PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 24Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly
Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Glu 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys
Ala Val Ser Gly His Ser Ile Ser His Asp 20 25 30 His Ala Trp Ser
Trp Val Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Glu Gly Leu Glu Trp 35 40 45 Ile Gly
Phe Ile Ser Tyr Ser Gly Ile Thr Asn Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu 50 55 60
Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65
70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Ser Leu Ala Arg Thr Thr Ala Met Asp Tyr
Trp Gly Glu Gly 100 105 110 Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr
Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe 115 120 125 Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser
Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu 130 135 140 Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp
Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp 145 150 155 160 Asn Ser Gly
Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu 165 170 175 Gln
Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser 180 185
190 Ser Asn Phe Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His Lys Pro
195 200 205 Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Thr Val Glu Arg Lys Ser Cys
Val Glu 210 215 220 Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Pro Val Ala Gly Pro
Ser Val Phe Leu 225 230 235 240 Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu
Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu 245 250 255 Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp
Val Ser Gln Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Gln 260 265 270 Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val
Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys 275 280 285 Pro Arg Glu
Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser Thr Phe Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu 290 295 300 Thr
Val Val His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys 305 310
315 320 Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser
Lys 325 330 335 Thr Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu
Pro Pro Ser 340 345 350 Gln Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu
Thr Cys Leu Val Lys 355 360 365 Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val
Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln 370 375 380 Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr
Thr Pro Pro Met Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly 385 390 395 400 Ser Phe Phe Leu
Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln 405 410 415 Glu Gly
Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Ala 420 425 430
His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440
25126PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
25Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1
5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Glu Met Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu
Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Tyr Ile Ser Ser Ser Gly Ser Thr Ile Tyr
Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp
Asn Ala Lys Asn Ser Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg
Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Ala Pro
Tyr Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Ala 100 105 110 Phe Asp Ile
Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120 125
26106PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
26Glu Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Thr Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Val Ser Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Arg
Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Phe Asp Ala Ser Asn Arg Ala Ala Gly Ile Pro
Ala Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Glu Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr
Cys Gln Gln Phe Asp Lys Trp Val Thr 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr
Thr Val Glu Ile Arg 100 105 27454PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 27Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly
Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys
Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Glu Met Asn Trp
Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ser Tyr
Ile Ser Ser Ser Gly Ser Thr Ile Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60
Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Ser Leu Tyr 65
70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Ala Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Ser Gly
Tyr Thr Asp Ala 100 105 110 Phe Asp Ile Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Met Val
Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser 115 120 125 Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro
Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr 130 135 140 Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala
Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro 145 150 155 160 Glu Pro Val
Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val 165 170 175 His
Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser 180 185
190 Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile
195 200 205 Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
Lys Val 210 215 220 Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro
Pro Cys Pro Ala 225 230 235 240 Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val
Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro 245 250 255 Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser
Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val 260 265 270 Val Asp Val Ser His
Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val 275 280 285 Asp Gly Val
Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln 290 295 300 Tyr
Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln 305 310
315 320 Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys
Ala 325 330 335 Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys
Gly Gln Pro 340 345 350 Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser
Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr 355 360 365 Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu
Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser 370 375 380 Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu
Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr 385 390 395 400 Lys Thr Thr Pro
Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr 405 410 415 Ser Lys
Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe 420 425 430
Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys 435
440 445 Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 450 28107PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 28Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu 1 5 10 15 Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe 20 25 30 Tyr Pro Arg Glu
Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln 35 40 45 Ser Gly
Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val
Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser 50 55 60 Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser
Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu 65 70 75 80 Lys His Lys Val
Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser 85 90 95 Pro Val
Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 100 105 29213PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 29Glu Ile Val Leu Thr
Gln Ser Pro Ala Thr Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Ala
Thr Leu Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Val Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Leu
Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40
45 Phe Asp Ala Ser Asn Arg Ala Ala Gly Ile Pro Ala Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu
Glu Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Phe Asp
Lys Trp Val Thr 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Thr Val Glu Ile Arg
Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro 100 105 110 Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser
Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr 115 120 125 Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu
Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys 130 135 140 Val Gln Trp Lys
Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu 145 150 155 160 Ser
Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser 165 170
175 Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala
180 185 190 Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys
Ser Phe 195 200 205 Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 30454PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 30Glu Val Gln Leu Val
Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg
Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Glu
Met Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40
45 Ser Tyr Ile Ser Ser Ser Gly Ser Thr Ile Tyr Tyr Ala Ala Ser Val
50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Ser
Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Ala Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Asp Ser
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Ala 100 105 110 Phe Asp Ile Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser 115 120 125 Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val
Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr 130 135 140 Ser Gly Gly Thr
Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro 145 150 155 160 Glu
Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val 165 170
175 His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser
180 185 190 Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
Tyr Ile 195 200 205 Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val
Asp Lys Lys Val 210 215 220 Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr
Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala 225 230 235 240 Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro
Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro 245 250 255 Lys Asp Thr Leu Met
Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val 260 265 270 Val Asp Val
Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val 275 280 285 Asp
Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln 290 295
300 Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln
305 310 315 320 Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser
Asn Lys Ala 325 330 335 Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys
Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro 340 345 350 Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro
Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr 355 360 365 Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr
Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser 370 375 380 Asp Ile Ala Val Glu
Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr 385 390 395 400 Lys Thr
Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr 405 410 415
Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe 420
425 430 Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln
Lys 435 440 445 Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 450 31454PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 31Glu Val Gln Leu Val
Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg
Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Glu
Met Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40
45 Ser Tyr Ile Ser Ser Ser Gly Ser Thr Ile Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val
50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Ser
Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Ala Ala Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Asp Ser
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Ala 100 105 110 Phe Asp Ile Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser 115 120 125 Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val
Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr 130 135 140 Ser Gly Gly Thr
Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro 145 150 155 160 Glu
Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val 165 170
175 His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser
180 185 190 Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
Tyr Ile 195 200 205 Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val
Asp Lys Lys Val 210 215 220 Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr
Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala 225 230 235 240 Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro
Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro 245 250 255 Lys Asp Thr Leu Met
Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val 260 265 270 Val Asp Val
Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val 275 280 285 Asp
Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln 290 295
300 Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln
305 310 315 320 Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser
Asn Lys Ala 325 330 335 Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys
Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro 340 345 350 Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro
Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr 355 360 365 Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr
Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser 370 375 380 Asp Ile Ala Val Glu
Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr 385 390 395 400 Lys Thr
Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr 405 410 415
Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe 420
425 430 Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln
Lys 435 440 445 Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 450 32454PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 32Glu Val Gln Leu Val
Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg
Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Glu
Met Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40
45 Ser Tyr Ile Ser Ser Ser Gly Ser Thr Ile Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val
50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Ser
Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Ala Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Ala Ser
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Ala 100 105 110 Phe Asp Ile Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser 115 120 125 Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val
Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr 130 135 140 Ser Gly Gly Thr
Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro 145 150 155 160 Glu
Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val 165 170
175 His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser
180 185 190 Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
Tyr Ile 195 200 205 Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val
Asp Lys Lys Val 210 215 220 Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr
Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala 225 230 235 240 Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro
Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro 245 250 255 Lys Asp Thr Leu Met
Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val 260 265 270 Val Asp Val
Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val 275 280 285 Asp
Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln 290 295
300 Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln
305 310 315 320 Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser
Asn Lys Ala 325 330 335 Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys
Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro 340 345 350 Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro
Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr 355 360 365 Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr
Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser 370 375 380 Asp Ile Ala Val Glu
Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr 385 390 395 400 Lys Thr
Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr 405 410 415
Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe 420
425 430 Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln
Lys 435 440 445 Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 450 33454PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 33Glu Val Gln Leu Val
Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg
Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Glu
Met Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40
45 Ser Tyr Ile Ser Ser Ser Gly Ser Thr Ile Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val
50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Ser
Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Ala Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Asp Ser
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Ala Ala 100 105 110 Phe Asp Ile Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser 115 120 125 Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val
Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr 130 135 140 Ser Gly Gly Thr
Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro 145 150 155 160 Glu
Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val 165 170
175 His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser
180 185 190 Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
Tyr Ile 195 200 205 Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val
Asp Lys Lys Val 210 215 220 Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr
Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala 225 230 235 240 Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro
Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro 245 250 255 Lys Asp Thr Leu Met
Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val 260 265 270 Val Asp Val
Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val 275 280 285 Asp
Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln 290 295
300 Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln
305 310 315 320 Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser
Asn Lys Ala 325 330 335 Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys
Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro 340 345 350 Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro
Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr 355 360 365 Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr
Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser 370 375 380 Asp Ile Ala Val Glu
Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr 385 390 395 400 Lys Thr
Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr 405 410 415
Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe 420
425 430 Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln
Lys 435 440 445 Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 450 34454PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 34Glu Val Gln Leu Val
Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg
Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Glu
Met Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40
45 Ser Tyr Ile Ser Ser Ser Gly Ser Thr Ile Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val
50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Ser
Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Ala Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Asp Ser
Ser Gly Tyr Thr Asp Ala 100 105 110 Phe Ala Ile Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser 115 120 125 Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val
Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr 130 135 140 Ser Gly Gly Thr
Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro 145 150 155 160 Glu
Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val
165 170 175 His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
Leu Ser 180 185 190 Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr
Gln Thr Tyr Ile 195 200 205 Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr
Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val 210 215 220 Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr
His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala 225 230 235 240 Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly
Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro 245 250 255 Lys Asp Thr
Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val 260 265 270 Val
Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val 275 280
285 Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln
290 295 300 Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu
His Gln 305 310 315 320 Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys
Val Ser Asn Lys Ala 325 330 335 Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile
Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro 340 345 350 Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr
Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr 355 360 365 Lys Asn Gln Val Ser
Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser 370 375 380 Asp Ile Ala
Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr 385 390 395 400
Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr 405
410 415 Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val
Phe 420 425 430 Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr
Thr Gln Lys 435 440 445 Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 450
35213PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
35Glu Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Thr Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Val Ser Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Arg
Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Phe Ala Ala Ser Asn Arg Ala Ala Gly Ile Pro
Ala Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Glu Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr
Cys Gln Gln Phe Asp Lys Trp Val Thr 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr
Thr Val Glu Ile Arg Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro 100 105 110 Ser Val Phe
Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr 115 120 125 Ala
Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys 130 135
140 Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu
145 150 155 160 Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser
Leu Ser Ser 165 170 175 Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys
His Lys Val Tyr Ala 180 185 190 Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser
Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe 195 200 205 Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
36213PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
36Glu Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Thr Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Val Ser Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Arg
Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Phe Asp Ala Ser Asn Arg Ala Ala Gly Ile Pro
Ala Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Glu Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr
Cys Gln Gln Phe Ala Lys Trp Val Thr 85 90 95 Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr
Thr Val Glu Ile Arg Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro 100 105 110 Ser Val Phe
Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr 115 120 125 Ala
Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys 130 135
140 Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu
145 150 155 160 Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser
Leu Ser Ser 165 170 175 Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys
His Lys Val Tyr Ala 180 185 190 Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser
Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe 195 200 205 Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
37107PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
37Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys
Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Ala Ala Ser Ser Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro
Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr
Cys Gln Gln Ser Tyr Ser Thr Pro Phe 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Pro Gly
Thr Lys Val Asp Ile Lys 100 105 38112PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 38Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro
Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser
Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu His Ser 20 25 30 Asn Gly Asp Asn
Tyr Leu Asp Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40 45 Pro Gln
Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu Gly Ser Asn Arg Ala Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60
Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile 65
70 75 80 Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Met
Gln Val 85 90 95 Leu Arg Asn Pro Leu Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys
Val Glu Ile Gln 100 105 110 39107PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 39Glu Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro
Ala Thr Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Ser
Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Val Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Ala Trp Tyr
Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Asp
Ala Ser Asn Arg Ala Thr Gly Ile Pro Ala Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Glu Pro 65
70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Arg Ser Asn Trp
Pro Pro 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys 100
105 40112PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
40Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Glu Ser Leu Val Leu Ser Leu Gly 1
5 10 15 Gly Thr Ala Thr Ile Asn Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Val Leu Tyr
Ser 20 25 30 Ser Asn Asn Lys Asn Tyr Leu Thr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Gln 35 40 45 Pro Pro Thr Leu Leu Phe Ser Trp Ala Ser Ile
Arg Asp Ser Gly Val 50 55 60 Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Ala Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Glu Phe Thr Leu Thr 65 70 75 80 Ile Ser Asp Leu Gln Ala Glu
Asp Ala Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln 85 90 95 Tyr Tyr Arg Ala Pro
Ser Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Leu Gln Ile Lys 100 105 110
41107PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
41Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Asn Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asp Asp
Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile
Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Glu Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Ser
Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe
Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100 105 42128PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 42Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly
Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys
Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Tyr Met His Trp
Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Ile
Ile Asn Pro Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Ser Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60
Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Arg Asp Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr Val Tyr 65
70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Gly Thr Leu Tyr Asp Phe Trp Ser Gly
Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr 100 105 110 Asp Ala Phe Asp Ile Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr
Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120 125 43122PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 43Gln Met Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly
Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys
Lys Ala Ser Gly Gly Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Ile Ser Trp
Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly
Ile Ile Pro Ile Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60
Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp Glu Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65
70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Leu Asp Thr Gly Pro Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly
Met Asp Val Trp 100 105 110 Gly Gln Gly Thr Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser
115 120 44124PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized
sequence 44Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro
Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Gly Thr
Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Ile Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly
Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly Ile Ile Pro Ile Phe Gly
Thr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile
Thr Ala Asp Glu Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser
Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg
Asp Ser Pro Val Pro Gly Val Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Met Asp 100 105 110
Val Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
45119PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
45Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Glu 1
5 10 15 Ser Leu Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Gly Ser Gly Tyr Ser Phe Thr Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Trp Ile Gly Trp Val Arg Gln Met Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu
Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Ile Ile Tyr Pro Gly Asp Ser Asp Thr Arg
Tyr Ser Pro Ser Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Gln Val Thr Ile Ser Ala Asp
Lys Ser Ile Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Trp Ser Ser Leu Lys
Ala Ser Asp Thr Ala Met Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg His Arg Ala
Gly Asp Leu Gly Gly Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly 100 105 110 Thr Leu Val
Thr Val Ser Ser 115 46121PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 46Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val
Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser
Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Ile Met Asn Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Leu Ile Asn Pro
Tyr Asn Gly Gly Thr Asp Tyr Asn Pro Gln Phe 50 55 60 Gln Asp Arg
Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp Lys Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met
Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Arg Asp Gly Tyr Asp Asp Gly Pro Tyr Thr Leu Glu Thr Trp Gly
100 105 110 Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser 115 120
47214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
47Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asp Asp
Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile
Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Glu Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Ser
Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe
Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135
140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln
145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
48445PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
48Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1
5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Gly
Tyr 20 25 30 Ile Met Asn Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu
Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Leu Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Gly Gly Thr Asp
Tyr Asn Pro Gln Phe 50 55 60 Gln Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp
Lys Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg
Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys
85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Gly Tyr Asp Asp Gly Pro Tyr Thr Leu Glu Thr
Trp Gly 100 105 110 Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr
Lys Gly Pro Ser 115 120 125 Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser
Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala 130 135 140 Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp
Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val 145 150 155 160 Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly
Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala 165 170 175 Val Leu Gln
Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val 180 185 190 Pro
Ser Ser Asn Phe Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Thr Cys Asn Val Asp His 195 200
205 Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Thr Val Glu Arg Lys Ser Cys
210 215 220 Val Glu Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Pro Val Ala Gly Pro
Ser Val 225 230 235 240 Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu
Met Ile Ser Arg Thr 245 250 255 Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp
Val Ser Gln Glu Asp Pro Glu 260 265 270 Val Gln Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val
Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys 275 280 285 Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu
Glu Gln Phe Asn Ser Thr Phe Arg Val Val Ser 290 295 300 Val Leu Thr
Val Val His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys 305 310 315 320
Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile 325
330 335 Ser Lys Thr Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu
Pro 340 345 350 Pro Ser Gln Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu
Thr Cys Leu 355 360 365 Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val
Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn 370 375 380 Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr
Thr Pro Pro Met Leu Asp Ser 385 390 395 400 Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu
Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg 405 410 415 Trp Gln Glu Gly
Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu 420 425 430 His Asn
His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440 445
49107PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
49Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asp Asp
Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys
Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Val Pro
Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr
Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys 100 105 50107PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 50Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro
Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser
Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asp Asp Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr
Leu Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ser Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu
Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile Ser Arg Val Glu Ala 65
70 75 80 Glu Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe
Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100
105 51107PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
51Glu Ile Val Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Gly Thr Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asp Asp
Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Pro Arg
Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Pro
Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Arg Leu Glu Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Val Tyr Tyr
Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys 100 105 52107PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 52Asp Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro
Asp Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Ala Thr Ile Asn
Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asp Asp Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr
Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu
Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Ala 65
70 75 80 Glu Asp Val Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe
Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100
105 53214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
53Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Ala Asp
Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile
Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Glu Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Ser
Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe
Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135
140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln
145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
54214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
54Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asp Ala
Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile
Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Glu Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Ser
Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe
Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135
140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln
145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
55214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
55Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asp Asp
Ala 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile
Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Glu Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Ser
Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe
Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135
140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln
145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
56214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
56Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Asp Asp
Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile
Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Ala Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Ser
Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe
Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135
140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln
145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
57214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
57Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Ala Asp
Ala 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile
Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Glu Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Ser
Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe
Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135
140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln
145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
58214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
58Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Ala Asp
Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile
Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Ala Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Ser
Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe
Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135
140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln
145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
59214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
59Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gln Asp Ile Ala Asp
Ala 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile
Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Ala Ala Thr Thr Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Ser
Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe
Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg
Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser
Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys
Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys
Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr
His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg
Gly Glu Cys 210 60214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 60Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met
Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gln Asp Ile Asp Asp Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Glu Ala Thr Thr
Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Ser Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu
Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe Cys Leu Gln His Ala Asn Phe Pro Tyr 85 90
95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala
100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys
Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 61214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 61Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala
Ser Gln Ser Ile Asp Asp Asp 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser
Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu
Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Ser Asp Ser Thr Pro Tyr 85 90
95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala
100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys
Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 62214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 62Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala
Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Ala Ala Ser Ser
Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu
Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Ser Tyr Ser Thr Pro Tyr 85 90
95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala
100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys
Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 63214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 63Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met
Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Asn Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gln Asp Ile Asp Asp Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Glu Ala Thr Thr
Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Pro Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu
Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Leu 85 90
95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala
100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys
Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 64214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 64Glu Thr Thr Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Phe Met
Ser Ala Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Lys Val Asn Ile Ser Cys Lys Ala
Ser Gln Asp Ile Glu Asp Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Ile Phe Ile Ile 35 40 45 Gln Glu Ala Thr Thr
Leu Val Pro Gly Ile Ser Pro Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Asn Asn Ile Glu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu
Asp Ala Ala Tyr Tyr Phe Cys Leu Gln His Asp Asn Phe Pro Leu 85 90
95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala
100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys
Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 65328PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 65Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu
Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys 1 5 10 15 Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu
Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr 20 25 30 Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val
Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser 35 40 45 Gly Val His Thr Phe
Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser 50 55 60 Leu Ser Ser
Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr 65 70 75 80 Tyr
Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys 85 90
95 Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys
100 105 110 Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe
Pro Pro 115 120 125 Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro
Glu Val Thr Cys 130 135 140 Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro
Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp 145 150 155 160 Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val
His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu 165 170 175 Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser
Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu 180 185 190 His Gln Asp
Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn 195 200 205 Lys
Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly 210 215
220 Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu
225 230 235 240 Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys
Gly Phe Tyr 245 250 255 Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn
Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn 260 265 270 Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu
Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe 275 280 285 Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val
Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn 290 295 300 Val Phe Ser Cys Ser
Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr 305 310 315 320 Gln Lys
Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 325 66462PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 66Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly
Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys
Lys Ala Ser Gly Gly Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Ile Ser Trp
Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly
Ile Ile Pro Ile Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60
Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp Glu Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65
70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Leu Gly Asp Ile Val Val Val Pro Ala
Ala Pro Asp Met 100 105 110 Pro Lys Gly Tyr Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Met Asp
Val Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 115 120 125 Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser
Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro 130 135 140 Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys
Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly 145 150 155 160 Cys Leu Val
Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn 165 170 175 Ser
Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln 180 185
190 Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser
195 200 205 Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys
Pro Ser 210 215 220 Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser
Cys Asp Lys Thr 225 230 235 240 His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro
Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser 245 250 255 Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys
Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg 260 265 270 Thr Pro Glu Val Thr
Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro 275 280 285 Glu Val Lys
Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala 290 295 300 Lys
Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val 305 310
315 320 Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu
Tyr 325 330 335 Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile
Glu Lys Thr 340 345 350 Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro
Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu 355 360 365 Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys
Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys 370 375 380 Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro
Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser 385 390 395 400 Asn Gly Gln Pro
Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp 405 410 415 Ser Asp
Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser 420 425 430
Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala 435
440 445 Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 450
455 460 67215PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized
sequence 67Glu Ile Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Thr Leu Ser Val Ser
Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Ser Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Asn Asp Asn 20 25 30 Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln
Ala Pro Arg Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Gly Ala Ser Thr Arg Ala Thr
Gly Ile Pro Ala Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu
Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala
Val Tyr Phe Cys Gln Gln Tyr Gln Tyr Trp Pro Pro 85 90 95 Ile Thr
Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Arg Leu Asp Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala 100 105 110
Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser 115
120 125 Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg
Glu 130 135 140 Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser
Gly Asn Ser 145 150 155 160 Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys
Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu 165 170 175 Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys
Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val 180 185 190 Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr
His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys 195 200 205 Ser Phe Asn Arg
Gly Glu Cys 210 215 68446PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 68Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val
Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Thr Val Lys Ile Ser Cys Lys Val Ser
Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asp Tyr 20 25 30 Tyr Met His Trp Val Gln Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Leu Val Asp Pro
Glu Asp Gly Glu Thr Ile Tyr Ala Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg
Val Thr Ile
Thr Ala Asp Thr Ser Thr Asp Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser
Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Thr
Ala Gly Ser Ser Ser Asn Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr 100 105 110
Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro 115
120 125 Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu
Gly 130 135 140 Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val
Ser Trp Asn 145 150 155 160 Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr
Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln 165 170 175 Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser
Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser 180 185 190 Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr
Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser 195 200 205 Asn Thr Lys Val
Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr 210 215 220 His Thr
Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser 225 230 235
240 Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg
245 250 255 Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu
Asp Pro 260 265 270 Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu
Val His Asn Ala 275 280 285 Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn
Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val 290 295 300 Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln
Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr 305 310 315 320 Lys Cys Lys Val Ser
Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr 325 330 335 Ile Ser Lys
Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu 340 345 350 Pro
Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys 355 360
365 Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser
370 375 380 Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val
Leu Asp 385 390 395 400 Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu
Thr Val Asp Lys Ser 405 410 415 Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser
Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala 420 425 430 Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln
Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440 445 69216PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 69Gln Ser Ala Leu Thr
Gln Pro Arg Ser Val Ser Gly Ser Pro Gly Gln 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Thr
Ile Ser Cys Thr Gly Thr Ser Ser Asp Val Gly Gly Tyr 20 25 30 Asn
Tyr Val Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln His Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu 35 40
45 Met Ile Tyr Asp Val Ser Lys Arg Pro Ser Gly Val Pro Asp Arg Phe
50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Lys Ser Gly Asn Thr Ala Ser Leu Thr Ile Ser
Gly Leu 65 70 75 80 Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Cys Ser
Tyr Ala Gly Ser 85 90 95 Tyr Thr Trp Val Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Lys
Leu Thr Val Leu Gly Gln 100 105 110 Pro Lys Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Thr
Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu Glu 115 120 125 Leu Gln Ala Asn Lys Ala
Thr Leu Val Cys Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe Tyr 130 135 140 Pro Gly Ala Val
Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp Ser Ser Pro Val Lys 145 150 155 160 Ala
Gly Val Glu Thr Thr Thr Pro Ser Lys Gln Ser Asn Asn Lys Tyr 165 170
175 Ala Ala Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser His
180 185 190 Arg Ser Tyr Ser Cys Gln Val Thr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val
Glu Lys 195 200 205 Thr Val Ala Pro Thr Glu Cys Ser 210 215
70452PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
70Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Gln 1
5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys Ala Ile Ser Gly Asp Ser Val Ser Ser
Asn 20 25 30 Ser Ala Ala Trp Asn Trp Ile Arg Gln Ser Pro Ser Arg
Gly Leu Glu 35 40 45 Trp Leu Gly Arg Thr Tyr Tyr Arg Ser Lys Trp
Tyr Asn Asp Tyr Ala 50 55 60 Val Ser Val Lys Ser Arg Ile Thr Ile
Asn Pro Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn 65 70 75 80 Gln Phe Ser Leu Gln Leu Asn
Ser Val Thr Pro Glu Asp Thr Ala Val 85 90 95 Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Arg
Asp Leu Ile Ala Ala Ala Gly Gly Asp Phe Asp 100 105 110 Tyr Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys 115 120 125 Gly
Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly 130 135
140 Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro
145 150 155 160 Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly
Val His Thr 165 170 175 Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr
Ser Leu Ser Ser Val 180 185 190 Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly
Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn 195 200 205 Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn
Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro 210 215 220 Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys
Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu 225 230 235 240 Leu Leu
Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp 245 250 255
Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp 260
265 270 Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp
Gly 275 280 285 Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu
Gln Tyr Asn 290 295 300 Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val
Leu His Gln Asp Trp 305 310 315 320 Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys
Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro 325 330 335 Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr
Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu 340 345 350 Pro Gln Val Tyr
Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn 355 360 365 Gln Val
Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile 370 375 380
Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr 385
390 395 400 Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr
Ser Lys 405 410 415 Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn
Val Phe Ser Cys 420 425 430 Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His
Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu 435 440 445 Ser Leu Ser Pro 450
71217PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
71Gln Ser Val Leu Thr Gln Pro Pro Ser Val Ser Gly Ala Pro Gly Gln 1
5 10 15 Arg Val Thr Ile Ser Cys Thr Gly Ser Arg Ser Asn Ile Gly Ala
Gly 20 25 30 Phe Asp Val His Trp Tyr Arg Gln Leu Pro Gly Thr Ala
Pro Lys Leu 35 40 45 Leu Ile Tyr Gly Ile Ser Asn Arg Pro Ser Gly
Val Pro Asp Arg Phe 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Lys Ser Asp Thr Ser Val
Ser Leu Ala Ile Thr Gly Leu 65 70 75 80 Gln Ala Glu Asp Glu Ala Asp
Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Ser Tyr Asp Ser Ser 85 90 95 Leu Ser Gly Tyr Val
Phe Gly Thr Gly Thr Lys Val Thr Val Leu Gly 100 105 110 Gln Pro Lys
Ala Asn Pro Thr Val Thr Leu Phe Pro Pro Ser Ser Glu 115 120 125 Glu
Leu Gln Ala Asn Lys Ala Thr Leu Val Cys Leu Ile Ser Asp Phe 130 135
140 Tyr Pro Gly Ala Val Thr Val Ala Trp Lys Ala Asp Gly Ser Pro Val
145 150 155 160 Lys Ala Gly Val Glu Thr Thr Lys Pro Ser Lys Gln Ser
Asn Asn Lys 165 170 175 Tyr Ala Ala Ser Ser Tyr Leu Ser Leu Thr Pro
Glu Gln Trp Lys Ser 180 185 190 His Arg Ser Tyr Ser Cys Gln Val Thr
His Glu Gly Ser Thr Val Glu 195 200 205 Lys Thr Val Ala Pro Thr Glu
Cys Ser 210 215 72214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 72Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala
Ser Gln Ser Ile Ala Asp Asp 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser
Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu
Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Ser Asp Ser Thr Pro Tyr 85 90
95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala
100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys
Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 73214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 73Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala
Ser Gln Ser Ile Asp Ala Asp 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser
Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu
Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Ser Asp Ser Thr Pro Tyr 85 90
95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala
100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys
Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 74214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 74Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala
Ser Gln Ser Ile Asp Asp Ala 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser
Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu
Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Ser Asp Ser Thr Pro Tyr 85 90
95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala
100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys
Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 75214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 75Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala
Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Asp 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser
Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu
Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Ser Asp Ser Thr Pro Tyr 85 90
95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala
100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys
Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 76383PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 76Lys Lys Val Val Leu Gly Lys Lys Gly Asp Thr
Val Glu Leu Thr Cys 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Gln Lys Lys Ser Ile Gln
Phe His Trp Lys Asn Ser Asn 20 25 30 Gln Ile Lys Ile Leu Gly Asn
Gln Gly Ser Phe Leu Thr Lys Gly Pro 35 40 45 Ser Lys Leu Asn Asp
Arg Ala Asp Ser Arg Arg Ser Leu Trp Asp Gln 50 55 60 Gly Asn Phe
Pro Leu Ile Ile Lys Asn Leu Lys Ile Glu Asp Ser Asp 65 70 75 80 Thr
Tyr Ile Cys Glu Val Glu Asp Gln Lys Glu Glu Val Gln Leu Leu 85 90
95 Val Phe Gly Leu Thr Ala Asn Ser Asp Thr His Leu Leu Gln Gly Gln
100 105 110 Ser Leu Thr
Leu Thr Leu Glu Ser Pro Pro Gly Ser Ser Pro Ser Val 115 120 125 Gln
Cys Arg Ser Pro Arg Gly Lys Asn Ile Gln Gly Gly Lys Thr Leu 130 135
140 Ser Val Ser Gln Leu Glu Leu Gln Asp Ser Gly Thr Trp Thr Cys Thr
145 150 155 160 Val Leu Gln Asn Gln Lys Lys Val Glu Phe Lys Ile Asp
Ile Val Val 165 170 175 Leu Ala Phe Gln Lys Ala Ser Ser Ile Val Tyr
Lys Lys Glu Gly Glu 180 185 190 Gln Val Glu Phe Ser Phe Pro Leu Ala
Phe Thr Val Glu Lys Leu Thr 195 200 205 Gly Ser Gly Glu Leu Trp Trp
Gln Ala Glu Arg Ala Ser Ser Ser Lys 210 215 220 Ser Trp Ile Thr Phe
Asp Leu Lys Asn Lys Glu Val Ser Val Lys Arg 225 230 235 240 Val Thr
Gln Asp Pro Lys Leu Gln Met Gly Lys Lys Leu Pro Leu His 245 250 255
Leu Thr Leu Pro Gln Ala Leu Pro Gln Tyr Ala Gly Ser Gly Asn Leu 260
265 270 Thr Leu Ala Leu Glu Ala Lys Thr Gly Lys Leu His Gln Glu Val
Asn 275 280 285 Leu Val Val Met Arg Ala Thr Gln Leu Gln Lys Asn Leu
Thr Cys Glu 290 295 300 Val Trp Gly Pro Thr Ser Pro Lys Leu Met Leu
Ser Leu Lys Leu Glu 305 310 315 320 Asn Lys Glu Ala Lys Val Ser Lys
Arg Glu Lys Ala Val Trp Val Leu 325 330 335 Asn Pro Glu Ala Gly Met
Trp Gln Cys Leu Leu Ser Asp Ser Gly Gln 340 345 350 Val Leu Leu Glu
Ser Asn Ile Lys Val Leu Pro Thr Trp Glu Gln Lys 355 360 365 Leu Ile
Ser Glu Glu Asp Leu Asp Tyr Lys Asp Asp Asp Asp Lys 370 375 380
77450PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
77Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Gln Ser Gly Pro Glu Val Val Lys Pro Gly Ala 1
5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Met Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Val Ile His Trp Val Arg Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu
Asp Trp Ile 35 40 45 Gly Tyr Ile Asn Pro Tyr Asn Asp Gly Thr Asp
Tyr Asp Glu Lys Phe 50 55 60 Lys Gly Lys Ala Thr Leu Thr Ser Asp
Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg
Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Glu Lys Asp
Asn Tyr Ala Thr Gly Ala Trp Phe Ala Tyr Trp 100 105 110 Gly Gln Gly
Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro 115 120 125 Ser
Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr 130 135
140 Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr
145 150 155 160 Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His
Thr Phe Pro 165 170 175 Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu
Ser Ser Val Val Thr 180 185 190 Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln
Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn 195 200 205 His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys
Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser 210 215 220 Cys Asp Lys Thr His
Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu 225 230 235 240 Gly Gly
Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu 245 250 255
Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser 260
265 270 His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val
Glu 275 280 285 Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr
Asn Ser Thr 290 295 300 Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His
Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn 305 310 315 320 Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val
Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro 325 330 335 Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser
Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln 340 345 350 Val Tyr Thr Leu
Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val 355 360 365 Ser Leu
Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val 370 375 380
Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro 385
390 395 400 Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys
Leu Thr 405 410 415 Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe
Ser Cys Ser Val 420 425 430 Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr
Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu 435 440 445 Ser Pro 450 78219PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 78Asp Ile Val Met Thr
Gln Ser Pro Asp Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Arg Val
Thr Met Asn Cys Lys Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser 20 25 30 Thr
Asn Gln Lys Asn Tyr Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln 35 40
45 Ser Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Trp Ala Ser Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Val
50 55 60 Pro Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr
Leu Thr 65 70 75 80 Ile Ser Ser Val Gln Ala Glu Asp Val Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys Gln Gln 85 90 95 Tyr Tyr Ser Tyr Arg Thr Phe Gly Gly Gly
Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu 115 120 125 Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe 130 135 140 Tyr Pro Arg Glu
Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln 145 150 155 160 Ser
Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser 165 170
175 Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
180 185 190 Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser 195 200 205 Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
215 79448PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
79Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Asp Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Gly 1
5 10 15 Ser Leu Lys Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Gly Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Thr Pro Asp Lys Gly Leu
Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ala Thr Ile Ser Ser Gly Gly Ser Tyr Thr Tyr
Tyr Pro Asp Asn Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp
Asn Ala Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Ser Ser Leu Lys
Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Met Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg His Glu Asp
Gly Asn Trp Asn Tyr Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln 100 105 110 Gly Thr Thr
Leu Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val 115 120 125 Phe
Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala 130 135
140 Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser
145 150 155 160 Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe
Pro Ala Val 165 170 175 Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser
Val Val Thr Val Pro 180 185 190 Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr
Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys 195 200 205 Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp
Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp 210 215 220 Lys Thr His Thr Cys
Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly 225 230 235 240 Pro Ser
Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile 245 250 255
Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu 260
265 270 Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val
His 275 280 285 Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser
Thr Tyr Arg 290 295 300 Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp
Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys 305 310 315 320 Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu 325 330 335 Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala
Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr 340 345 350 Thr Leu Pro Pro
Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu 355 360 365 Thr Cys
Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp 370 375 380
Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val 385
390 395 400 Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr
Val Asp 405 410 415 Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys
Ser Val Met His 420 425 430 Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys
Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440 445 80214PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 80Glu Thr Thr Val Thr Gln Ser Pro
Ala Ser Leu Ser Val Ala Ile Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Lys Val Thr Ile Arg
Cys Ile Thr Ser Thr Asp Ile Asp Asp Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr
Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Glu Pro Pro Lys Phe Phe Ile 35 40 45 Ser Glu
Gly Asn Thr Leu Arg Pro Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Ser 50 55 60
Ser Gly Tyr Gly Thr Asp Phe Val Phe Thr Ile Glu Asn Met Leu Ser 65
70 75 80 Glu Asp Val Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Leu Gln Ser Asp Thr Leu
Pro Leu 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg
Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp
Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu
Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val
Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val
Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser
Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185
190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser
195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 81448PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 81Glu Val Gln Leu Val
Glu Ser Gly Gly Asp Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Lys
Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Gly
Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Thr Pro Asp Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40
45 Ala Thr Ile Ser Ser Gly Gly Ser Tyr Thr Tyr Tyr Pro Asp Asn Val
50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Thr
Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Ser Ser Leu Lys Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala
Met Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg His Glu Asp Gly Asn Trp Asn Tyr
Phe Asp Tyr Trp Gly Gln 100 105 110 Gly Thr Thr Leu Thr Val Ser Ser
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val 115 120 125 Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser
Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala 130 135 140 Leu Gly Cys Leu
Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser 145 150 155 160 Trp
Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val 165 170
175 Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro
180 185 190 Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn
His Lys 195 200 205 Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro
Lys Ser Cys Asp 210 215 220 Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala
Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly 225 230 235 240 Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro
Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile 245 250 255 Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu
Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu 260 265 270 Asp Pro Glu
Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His 275 280 285 Asn
Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg 290 295
300 Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys
305 310 315 320 Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala
Pro Ile Glu 325 330 335 Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg
Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr 340 345 350 Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu
Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu 355 360 365 Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe
Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp 370 375 380 Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln
Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val 385 390 395 400 Leu Asp
Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp 405 410 415
Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His 420
425 430 Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser
Pro 435 440 445 82214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 82Glu Thr Thr Val Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala Ser Leu
Ser Val Ala Ile Gly 1 5 10 15 Glu Lys Val Thr Ile Arg Cys Ile Thr
Ser Thr Asp Ile Asp Asp Asp 20 25 30 Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Glu Pro Pro Lys Phe Phe Ile 35 40 45 Ser Asn Gly Asn Thr
Leu Arg Pro Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Ser 50 55 60 Ser Gly Tyr
Gly Thr Asp Phe Val Phe Thr Ile Glu Asn Met Leu Ser 65 70 75 80 Glu
Asp Val Ala Asp Tyr Tyr Cys Leu Gln Ser Asp Thr Leu Pro Leu 85 90
95 Thr Phe Gly Ser Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala
100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys
Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200
205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 83464PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 83Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser Gly
Pro Gly Leu Val Arg Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr Cys
Thr Val Ser Gly Tyr Ser Ile Thr Ser Asp 20 25 30 His Ala Trp Ser
Trp Val Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Arg Gly Leu Glu Trp 35 40 45 Ile Gly
Tyr Ile Ser Tyr Ser Gly Ile Thr Thr Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu 50 55 60
Lys Ser Arg Val Thr Met Leu Arg Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn Gln Phe Ser 65
70 75 80 Leu Arg Leu Ser Ser Val Thr Ala Ala Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Ser Leu Ala Arg Thr Thr Ala Met Asp Tyr
Trp Gly Gln Gly 100 105 110 Ser Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Pro
Thr Ser Pro Lys Val Phe 115 120 125 Pro Leu Ser Leu Cys Ser Thr Gln
Pro Asp Gly Asn Val Val Ile Ala 130 135 140 Cys Leu Val Gln Gly Phe
Phe Pro Gln Glu Pro Leu Ser Val Thr Trp 145 150 155 160 Ser Glu Ser
Gly Gln Gly Val Thr Ala Arg Asn Phe Pro Pro Ser Gln 165 170 175 Asp
Ala Ser Gly Asp Leu Tyr Thr Thr Ser Ser Gln Leu Thr Leu Pro 180 185
190 Ala Thr Gln Cys Leu Ala Gly Lys Ser Val Thr Cys His Val Lys His
195 200 205 Tyr Thr Asn Pro Ser Gln Asp Val Thr Val Pro Cys Pro Val
Pro Ser 210 215 220 Thr Pro Pro Thr Pro Ser Pro Ser Thr Pro Pro Thr
Pro Ser Pro Ser 225 230 235 240 Cys Cys His Pro Arg Leu Ser Leu His
Arg Pro Ala Leu Glu Asp Leu 245 250 255 Leu Leu Gly Ser Glu Ala Asn
Leu Thr Cys Thr Leu Thr Gly Leu Arg 260 265 270 Asp Ala Ser Gly Val
Thr Phe Thr Trp Thr Pro Ser Ser Gly Lys Ser 275 280 285 Ala Val Gln
Gly Pro Pro Glu Arg Asp Leu Cys Gly Cys Tyr Ser Val 290 295 300 Ser
Ser Val Leu Pro Gly Cys Ala Glu Pro Trp Asn His Gly Lys Thr 305 310
315 320 Phe Thr Cys Thr Ala Ala Tyr Pro Glu Ser Lys Thr Pro Leu Thr
Ala 325 330 335 Thr Leu Ser Lys Ser Gly Asn Thr Phe Arg Pro Glu Val
His Leu Leu 340 345 350 Pro Pro Pro Ser Glu Glu Leu Ala Leu Asn Glu
Leu Val Thr Leu Thr 355 360 365 Cys Leu Ala Arg Gly Phe Ser Pro Lys
Asp Val Leu Val Arg Trp Leu 370 375 380 Gln Gly Ser Gln Glu Leu Pro
Arg Glu Lys Tyr Leu Thr Trp Ala Ser 385 390 395 400 Arg Gln Glu Pro
Ser Gln Gly Thr Thr Thr Phe Ala Val Thr Ser Ile 405 410 415 Leu Arg
Val Ala Ala Glu Asp Trp Lys Lys Gly Asp Thr Phe Ser Cys 420 425 430
Met Val Gly His Glu Ala Leu Pro Leu Ala Phe Thr Gln Lys Thr Ile 435
440 445 Asp Arg Leu Ala Gly Lys Glu Gln Lys Leu Ile Ser Glu Glu Asp
Leu 450 455 460 84450PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 84Glu Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val
Lys Lys Pro Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser
Gly Gly Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Ile Ser Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly Ile Ile Pro
Ile Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg
Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp Glu Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met
Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Arg Val Ala Pro Gly Asn Trp Gly Ser Pro Tyr Phe Asp Tyr Trp
100 105 110 Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys
Gly Pro 115 120 125 Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr
Ser Gly Gly Thr 130 135 140 Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr
Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr 145 150 155 160 Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala
Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro 165 170 175 Ala Val Leu Gln Ser
Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr 180 185 190 Val Pro Ser
Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn 195 200 205 His
Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser 210 215
220 Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu
225 230 235 240 Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys
Asp Thr Leu 245 250 255 Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val
Val Val Asp Val Ser 260 265 270 His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn
Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu 275 280 285 Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys
Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr 290 295 300 Tyr Arg Val Val Ser
Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn 305 310 315 320 Gly Lys
Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro 325 330 335
Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln 340
345 350 Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln
Val 355 360 365 Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp
Ile Ala Val 370 375 380 Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn
Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro 385 390 395 400 Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser
Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr 405 410 415 Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp
Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val 420 425 430 Met His Glu Ala
Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu 435 440 445 Ser Pro
450 85214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
85Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Glu Asp
Asp 20 25 30 Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys
Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu Ala Ser Ser Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro
Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr
Cys Gln Gln Arg Asp Ser Ser Pro Leu 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135
140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln
145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
86451PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
86Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ser 1
5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Gly Thr Phe Ser Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Ile Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu
Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly Ile Ile Pro Ile Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn
Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp
Glu Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg
Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Pro Arg Trp
Glu Thr Ala Ile Ser Ser Asp Ala Phe Asp Ile 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln
Gly Thr Met Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly 115 120 125 Pro
Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly 130 135
140 Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val
145 150 155 160 Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val
His Thr Phe 165 170 175 Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser
Leu Ser Ser Val Val 180 185 190 Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr
Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val 195 200 205 Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr
Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys 210 215 220 Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr
His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu 225 230 235 240 Leu Gly
Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr 245 250 255
Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val 260
265 270 Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly
Val 275 280 285 Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln
Tyr Asn Ser 290 295 300 Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu
His Gln Asp Trp Leu 305 310 315 320 Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys
Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala 325 330 335 Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile
Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro 340 345 350 Gln Val Tyr Thr
Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln 355 360 365 Val Ser
Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala 370 375 380
Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr 385
390 395 400 Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser
Lys Leu 405 410 415 Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val
Phe Ser Cys Ser 420 425 430 Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr
Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser 435 440 445 Leu Ser Pro 450
87214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
87Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1
5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp
Asp 20 25 30 Leu Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys
Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu Ala Ser Asn Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro
Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu
Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr
Cys Gln Gln His Ser Ser Ser Pro Leu 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly
Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val
Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr
Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135
140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln
145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr
Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu
Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu
Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210
88448PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
88Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ser 1
5 10 15 Ser Val Lys Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Gly Thr Phe Ser Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Ile Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu
Glu Trp Met 35 40 45 Gly Gly Ile Ile Pro Ile Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn
Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe 50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp
Glu Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg
Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Gly Asn Gly
Asp Tyr Leu Glu Tyr Phe Gln His Trp Gly Gln 100 105 110 Gly Thr Leu
Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val 115 120 125 Phe
Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala 130 135
140 Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser
145 150 155 160 Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe
Pro Ala Val 165 170 175 Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser
Val Val Thr Val Pro 180 185 190 Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr
Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys 195 200 205 Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp
Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp 210 215 220 Lys Thr His Thr Cys
Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly 225 230 235 240 Pro Ser
Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile 245 250 255
Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu 260
265 270 Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val
His 275 280 285 Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser
Thr Tyr Arg 290 295 300 Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp
Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys 305 310 315 320 Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn
Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu 325 330 335 Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala
Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr 340 345 350 Thr Leu Pro Pro
Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu 355 360 365 Thr Cys
Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp 370 375 380
Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val 385
390 395 400 Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr
Val Asp 405 410 415 Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys
Ser Val Met His 420 425 430 Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys
Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440 445 89214PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 89Asp Ile Gln Met Thr
Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val
Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Asp 20 25 30 Leu
Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40
45 Tyr Glu Ala Ser Asn Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu
Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Arg Asp
Ser Ser Pro Leu 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile
Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro
Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys
Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp
Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu
Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170
175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr
180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr
Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 90452PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 90Gln Val Gln Leu Gln
Gln Ser Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Lys Pro Ser Glu 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser
Leu Thr Cys Thr Ile Leu Gly Gly Ser Ile Ser Gly His 20 25 30 Tyr
Trp Ser Trp Ile Arg Gln Thr Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40
45 Gly Tyr Ile Asp Tyr Ser Gly Ser Thr His Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu Lys
50 55 60 Ser Arg Val Thr Met Ser Val Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn Gln Phe
Ser Leu 65 70 75 80 Lys Leu Ser Ser Val Thr Ala Ala Asp Thr Ala Met
Tyr Tyr Cys Ala 85 90 95 Arg Asp Asn Trp Asp Phe Gly Ser Gly Ser
Tyr Tyr Asn Trp Phe Asp 100 105 110 Pro Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val
Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys 115 120 125 Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro
Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly 130 135 140 Gly Thr Ala Ala
Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro 145 150 155 160 Val
Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr 165 170
175 Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val
180 185 190 Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile
Cys Asn 195 200 205 Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
Lys Val Glu Pro 210 215 220 Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro
Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu 225 230 235 240 Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val
Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp 245 250 255 Thr Leu Met Ile Ser
Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp 260 265 270 Val Ser His
Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly 275 280 285 Val
Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn 290 295
300 Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp
305 310 315 320 Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys
Ala Leu Pro 325 330 335 Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys
Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu 340 345 350 Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser
Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn 355 360 365 Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu
Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile 370 375 380 Ala Val Glu Trp Glu
Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr 385 390 395 400 Thr Pro
Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys 405 410 415
Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys 420
425 430 Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser
Leu 435 440 445 Ser Leu Ser Pro 450 91214PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 91Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro
Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr
Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Glu Asp Asp 20 25 30 Leu Ala Trp Tyr
Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr His
Ala Ser Ser Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65
70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Ser Asp Asn Ser
Pro Leu 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg
Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp
Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu
Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val
Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val
Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser
Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185
190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser
195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 92451PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 92Gln Val Gln Leu Val
Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys
Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Gly Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala
Ile Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40
45 Gly Gly Ile Ile Pro Ile Phe Gly Thr Ala Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Phe
50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Ala Asp Glu Ser Thr Ser Thr
Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Arg Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Pro Arg Trp Glu Thr Ala Ile Ser
Ser Asp Ala Phe Asp Ile 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Met Val Thr
Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly 115 120 125 Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu
Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly 130 135 140 Thr Ala Ala Leu
Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val 145 150 155 160 Thr
Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe 165 170
175 Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val
180 185 190 Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys
Asn Val 195 200 205 Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys
Val Glu Pro Lys 210 215 220 Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro
Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu 225 230 235 240 Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe
Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr 245 250 255 Leu Met Ile Ser Arg
Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val 260 265 270 Ser His Glu
Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val 275 280 285 Glu
Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser 290 295
300 Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu
305 310 315 320 Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala
Leu Pro Ala 325 330 335 Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro 340 345 350 Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg
Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln 355 360 365 Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val
Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala 370 375 380 Val Glu Trp Glu Ser
Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr 385 390 395 400 Pro Pro
Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu 405 410 415
Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser 420
425 430 Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Trp His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu
Ser 435 440 445 Leu Ser Pro 450 93545PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 93Gln Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Asp
Ala Thr Cys His Gln Val Arg Ser 1 5 10 15 Phe Phe Gln Arg Leu Gln
Pro Gly Leu Lys Trp Val Pro Glu Thr Pro 20 25 30 Val Pro Gly Ser
Asp Leu Gln Val Cys Leu Pro Lys Gly Pro Thr Cys 35 40 45 Cys Ser
Arg Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Tyr Gln Leu Thr Ala Arg Leu Asn 50 55 60
Met Glu Gln Leu Leu Gln Ser Ala Ser Met Glu Leu Lys Phe Leu Ile 65
70 75 80 Ile Gln Asn Ala Ala Val Phe Gln Glu Ala Phe Glu Ile Val
Val Arg 85 90 95 His Ala Lys Asn Tyr Thr Asn Ala Met Phe Lys Asn
Asn Tyr Pro Ser 100 105 110 Leu Thr Pro Gln Ala Phe Glu Phe Val Gly
Glu Phe Phe Thr Asp Val 115 120 125 Ser Leu Tyr Ile Leu Gly Ser Asp
Ile Asn Val Asp Asp Met Val Asn 130 135 140 Glu Leu Phe Asp Ser Leu
Phe Pro Val Ile Tyr Thr Gln Leu Met Asn 145 150 155 160 Pro Gly Leu
Pro Asp Ser Ala Leu Asp Ile Asn Glu Cys Leu Arg Gly 165 170 175 Ala
Arg Arg Asp Leu Lys Val Phe Gly Asn Phe Pro Lys Leu Ile Met 180 185
190 Thr Gln Val Ser Lys Ser Leu Gln Val Thr Arg Ile Phe Leu Gln Ala
195 200 205 Leu Asn Leu Gly Ile Glu Val Ile Asn Thr Thr Asp His Leu
Lys Phe 210 215 220 Ser Lys Asp Cys Gly Arg Met Leu Thr Arg Met Trp
Tyr Cys Ser Tyr 225 230 235 240 Cys Gln Gly Leu Met Met Val Lys Pro
Cys Gly Gly Tyr Cys Asn Val 245 250 255 Val Met Gln Gly Cys Met Ala
Gly Val Val Glu Ile Asp Lys Tyr Trp 260 265 270 Arg Glu Tyr Ile Leu
Ser Leu Glu Glu Leu Val Asn Gly Met Tyr Arg 275 280 285 Ile Tyr Asp
Met Glu Asn Val Leu Leu Gly Leu Phe Ser Thr Ile His 290 295 300 Asp
Ser Ile Gln Tyr Val Gln Lys Asn Ala Gly Lys Leu Thr Thr Thr 305 310
315 320 Ile Gly Lys Leu Cys Ala His Ser Gln Gln Arg Gln Tyr Arg Ser
Ala 325 330 335 Tyr Tyr Pro Glu Asp Leu Phe Ile Asp Lys Lys Val Leu
Lys Val Ala 340 345 350 His Val Glu His Glu Glu Thr Leu Ser Ser Arg
Arg Arg Glu Leu Ile 355 360 365 Gln Lys Leu Lys Ser Phe Ile Ser Phe
Tyr Ser Ala Leu Pro Gly Tyr 370 375 380 Ile Cys Ser His Ser Pro Val
Ala Glu Asn Asp Thr Leu Cys Trp Asn 385 390 395 400 Gly Gln Glu Leu
Val Glu Arg Tyr Ser Gln Lys Ala Ala Arg Asn Gly 405 410 415 Met Lys
Asn Gln Phe Asn Leu His Glu Leu Lys Met Lys Gly Pro Glu 420 425 430
Pro Val Val Ser Gln Ile Ile Asp Lys Leu Lys His Ile Asn Gln Leu 435
440 445 Leu Arg Thr Met Ser Met Pro Lys Gly Arg Val Leu Asp Lys Asn
Leu 450 455 460 Asp Glu Glu Gly Phe Glu Ala Gly Asp Cys Gly Asp Asp
Glu Asp Glu 465 470 475 480 Cys Ile Gly Gly Ala Gly Asp Gly Met Ile
Lys Val Lys Asn Gln Leu 485 490 495 Arg Phe Leu Ala Glu Leu Ala Tyr
Asp Leu Asp Val Asp Asp Ala Pro 500 505 510 Gly Asn Ser Gln Gln Ala
Thr Pro Lys Asp Asn Glu Ile Ser Thr Phe 515 520 525 His Asn Leu Gly
Asn Val His Ser Pro Leu Lys His His His His His 530 535 540 His 545
94443PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
94Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Thr Gly Gly Gly Val Val Gln Pro Gly Arg 1
5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser
Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu
Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ala Val Ile Ser Tyr Asp Gly Ser Asn Lys Tyr
Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp
Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg
Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Gly Ala Gly
Met Asp Val Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Thr Val Thr 100 105 110 Val Ser Ser
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro 115 120 125 Ser
Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val 130 135
140 Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala
145 150 155 160 Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln
Ser Ser Gly 165 170 175 Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro
Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly 180 185 190 Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn
His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys 195 200 205 Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro
Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys 210 215 220 Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala
Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu 225 230 235 240 Phe Pro
Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu 245 250 255
Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys 260
265 270 Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr
Lys 275 280 285 Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val
Ser Val Leu 290 295 300 Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys
Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys 305 310 315 320 Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala
Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys 325 330 335 Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg
Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser 340 345 350 Arg Asp Glu Leu
Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys 355 360 365 Gly Phe
Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln 370 375
380 Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly
385 390 395 400 Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser
Arg Trp Gln 405 410 415 Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His
Glu Ala Leu His Asn 420 425 430 His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu
Ser Pro 435 440 95214PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 95Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu
Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala
Ser Gln Ser Ile Glu Asp Asp 20 25 30 Leu Ala Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys
Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu Ala Ser Asn
Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu
Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln His Asp Ser Tyr Pro Leu 85 90
95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala
100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys
Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 96459PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially
synthesized sequence 96Gln Val Gln Leu Val Gln Ser Gly Gly Gly Val
Val Gln Pro Gly Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser
Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala Met His Trp Val Arg Gln
Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ala Val Ile Ser Tyr
Asp Gly Ser Asn Lys Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg
Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu
Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90
95 Ala Arg Glu Pro Ala Gly Arg His Tyr Tyr Asp Ser Ser Gly Tyr Tyr
100 105 110 Asp Tyr Tyr Tyr Gly Met Asp Val Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Met
Val Thr 115 120 125 Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val Phe
Pro Leu Ala Pro 130 135 140 Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala
Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val 145 150 155 160 Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro
Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala 165 170 175 Leu Thr Ser Gly Val
His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly 180 185 190 Leu Tyr Ser
Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly 195 200 205 Thr
Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys 210 215
220 Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys
225 230 235 240 Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser
Val Phe Leu 245 250 255 Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile
Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu 260 265 270 Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser
His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys 275 280 285 Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly
Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys 290 295 300 Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln
Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu 305 310 315 320 Thr Val
Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys 325 330 335
Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys 340
345 350 Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro
Ser 355 360 365 Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser Leu Thr Cys
Leu Val Lys 370 375 380 Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp
Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln 385 390 395 400 Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr
Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly 405 410 415 Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser
Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln 420 425 430 Gln Gly Asn Val
Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn 435 440 445 His Tyr
Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 450 455 97214PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 97Asp Ile Gln Met Thr
Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val
Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Asp 20 25 30 Leu
Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40
45 Tyr Glu Ala Ser Asn Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly
50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu
Gln Pro 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Tyr Asn
Ser Leu Pro Leu 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile
Lys Arg Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro
Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys
Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp
Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu
Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170
175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr
180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr
Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 98451PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 98Gln Val Gln Leu Val
Glu Thr Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg
Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Ala
Met Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40
45 Ser Ala Ile Ser Gly Ser Gly Gly Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val
50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ser Lys Asn Thr
Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Lys Asp Arg Thr Pro Tyr Asp Phe Trp
Ser Gly Tyr Leu Asp Tyr 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr
Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly 115 120 125 Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu
Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly 130 135 140 Thr Ala Ala Leu
Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val 145 150 155 160 Thr
Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe 165 170
175 Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val
180 185 190 Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys
Asn Val 195 200 205 Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys
Val Glu Pro Lys 210 215 220 Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro
Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu 225 230 235 240 Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe
Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr 245 250 255 Leu Met Ile Ser Arg
Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val 260 265 270 Ser His Glu
Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val 275 280 285 Glu
Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser 290 295
300 Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu
305 310 315 320 Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala
Leu Pro Ala 325 330 335 Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro 340 345 350 Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg
Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln 355 360 365 Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val
Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala 370 375 380 Val Glu Trp Glu Ser
Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr 385 390 395 400 Pro Pro
Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu 405 410 415
Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser 420
425 430 Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu
Ser 435 440 445 Leu Ser Pro 450 99214PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 99Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser Pro
Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr
Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Glu Asp Asp 20 25 30 Leu Ala Trp Tyr
Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Glu
Ala Ser Asn Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55 60
Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro 65
70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Arg Asp Ser Ser
Pro Leu 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg
Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp
Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu
Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val
Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val
Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170 175 Ser
Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr 180 185
190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr Lys Ser
195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 100451PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 100Gln Val Gln Leu Val
Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys
Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Gly
Ile Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40
45 Gly Trp Ile Ser Ala Tyr Asn Gly Asn Thr Asn Tyr Ala Gln Lys Leu
50 55 60 Gln Gly Arg Val Thr Met Thr Thr Asp Thr Ser Thr Ser Thr
Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Arg Ser Asp Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Asp Ser Pro Leu Leu Trp Phe Gly
Glu Pro Phe Phe Asp Tyr 100 105 110 Trp Gly Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr
Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly 115 120 125 Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu
Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly 130 135 140 Thr Ala Ala Leu
Gly Cys Leu Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val 145 150 155 160 Thr
Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe 165 170
175 Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val
180 185 190 Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys
Asn Val 195 200 205 Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys
Val Glu Pro Lys 210 215 220 Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro
Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu 225 230 235 240 Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe
Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr 245 250 255 Leu Met Ile Ser Arg
Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val 260 265 270 Ser His Glu
Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val 275 280 285 Glu
Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser 290 295
300 Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu
305 310 315 320 Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala
Leu Pro Ala 325 330 335 Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly
Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro 340 345 350 Gln Val Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg
Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln 355 360 365 Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val
Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala 370 375 380 Val Glu Trp Glu Ser
Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr 385 390 395 400 Pro Pro
Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu 405 410 415
Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser 420
425 430 Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu
Ser 435 440 445 Leu Ser Pro 450 101214PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 101Asp Ile Gln Met Thr Gln Ser
Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile
Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser Ile Glu Asp Asp 20 25 30 Leu Ala Trp
Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr
His Ala Ser Thr Leu Gln Ser Gly Val Pro Ser Arg Phe Ser Gly 50 55
60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Ser Leu Gln Pro
65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Ser Asp Ser Tyr
Pro Leu 85 90 95 Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg
Thr Val Ala Ala 100 105 110 Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp
Glu Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly 115 120 125 Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu
Asn Asn Phe Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala 130 135 140 Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val
Asp Asn Ala Leu Gln Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln 145 150 155 160 Glu Ser Val
Thr Glu Gln Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser 165 170
175 Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His Lys Val Tyr
180 185 190 Ala Cys Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val Thr
Lys Ser 195 200 205 Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 102443PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 102Gln Val Gln Leu Val
Gln Ser Gly Ala Glu Val Lys Lys Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Lys
Val Ser Cys Lys Ala Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Thr Asp Tyr 20 25 30 Glu
Met His Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Trp Met 35 40
45 Gly Ala Leu Asp Pro Lys Thr Gly Asp Thr Ala Tyr Ser Gln Lys Phe
50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Val Thr Leu Thr Ala Asp Lys Ser Thr Ser Thr
Ala Tyr 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Leu Ser Ser Leu Thr Ser Glu Asp Thr Ala
Val Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Thr Arg Phe Tyr Ser Tyr Thr Tyr Trp Gly
Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr 100 105 110 Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly
Pro Ser Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro 115 120 125 Ser Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser
Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val 130 135 140 Lys Asp Tyr Phe
Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser Trp Asn Ser Gly Ala 145 150 155 160 Leu
Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly 165 170
175 Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly
180 185 190 Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys Pro Ser Asn
Thr Lys 195 200 205 Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys
Thr His Thr Cys 210 215 220 Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly
Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu 225 230 235 240 Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp
Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu 245 250 255 Val Thr Cys Val Val
Val Asp Val Ser His Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys 260 265 270 Phe Asn Trp
Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys 275 280 285 Pro
Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu 290 295
300 Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys
305 310 315 320 Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr
Ile Ser Lys 325 330 335 Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val Tyr
Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser 340 345 350 Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val
Ser Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys 355 360 365 Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile
Ala Val Glu Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln 370 375 380 Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr
Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly 385 390 395 400 Ser Phe
Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln 405 410 415
Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn 420
425 430 His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440
103219PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence
103Asp Val Val Met Thr Gln Ser Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Val Thr Pro Gly
1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Ala Ser Ile Ser Cys Arg Ser Ser Gln Ser Leu Val
His Ser 20 25 30 Asn Arg Asn Thr Tyr Leu His Trp Tyr Leu Gln Lys
Pro Gly Gln Ser 35 40 45 Pro Gln Leu Leu Ile Tyr Lys Val Ser Asn
Arg Phe Ser Gly Val Pro 50 55 60 Asp Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser
Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Lys Ile 65 70 75 80 Ser Arg Val Glu Ala Glu
Asp Val Gly Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Gln Asn 85 90 95 Thr His Val Pro
Pro Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Leu Glu Ile Lys 100 105 110 Arg Thr
Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu 115 120 125
Gln Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe 130
135 140 Tyr Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln 145 150 155 160 Ser Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser 165 170 175 Thr Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu 180 185 190 Lys His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser 195 200 205 Pro Val Thr Lys Ser Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 215 104567PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 104Gln Val Gln Leu Gln Glu Ser
Gly Pro Gly Leu Val Arg Pro Ser Gln 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ser Leu Thr
Cys Thr Val Ser Gly Tyr Ser Ile Thr Ser Asp 20 25 30 His Ala Trp
Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Pro Pro Gly Arg Gly Leu Glu Trp 35 40 45 Ile
Gly Tyr Ile Ser Tyr Ser Gly Ile Thr Thr Tyr Asn Pro Ser Leu 50 55
60 Lys Ser Arg Val Thr Met Leu Arg Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn Gln Phe Ser
65 70 75 80 Leu Arg Leu Ser Ser Val Thr Ala Ala Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Ser Leu Ala Arg Thr Thr Ala Met Asp Tyr
Trp Gly Gln Gly 100 105 110 Ser Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser Thr
Gln Ser Pro Ser Val Phe 115 120 125 Pro Leu Thr Arg Cys Cys Lys Asn
Ile Pro Ser Asn Ala Thr Ser Val 130 135 140 Thr Leu Gly Cys Leu Ala
Thr Gly Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Met Val 145 150 155 160 Thr Trp Asp
Thr Gly Ser Leu Asn Gly Thr Thr Met Thr Leu Pro Ala 165 170 175 Thr
Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Gly His Tyr Ala Thr Ile Ser Leu Leu Thr 180 185
190 Val Ser Gly Ala Trp Ala Lys Gln Met Phe Thr Cys Arg Val Ala His
195 200 205 Thr Pro Ser Ser Thr Asp Trp Val Asp Asn Lys Thr Phe Ser
Val Cys 210 215 220 Ser Arg Asp Phe Thr Pro Pro Thr Val Lys Ile Leu
Gln Ser Ser Cys 225 230 235 240 Asp Gly Gly Gly His Phe Pro Pro Thr
Ile Gln Leu Leu Cys Leu Val 245 250 255 Ser Gly Tyr Thr Pro Gly Thr
Ile Asn Ile Thr Trp Leu Glu Asp Gly 260 265 270 Gln Val Met Asp Val
Asp Leu Ser Thr Ala Ser Thr Thr Gln Glu Gly 275 280 285 Glu Leu Ala
Ser Thr Gln Ser Glu Leu Thr Leu Ser Gln Lys His Trp 290 295 300 Leu
Ser Asp Arg Thr Tyr Thr Cys Gln Val Thr Tyr Gln Gly His Thr 305 310
315 320 Phe Glu Asp Ser Thr Lys Lys Cys Ala Asp Ser Asn Pro Arg Gly
Val 325 330 335 Ser Ala Tyr Leu Ser Arg Pro Ser Pro Phe Asp Leu Phe
Ile Arg Lys 340 345 350 Ser Pro Thr Ile Thr Cys Leu Val Val Asp Leu
Ala Pro Ser Lys Gly 355 360 365 Thr Val Asn Leu Thr Trp Ser Arg Ala
Ser Gly Lys Pro Val Asn His 370 375 380 Ser Thr Arg Lys Glu Glu Lys
Gln Arg Asn Gly Thr Leu Thr Val Thr 385 390 395 400 Ser Thr Leu Pro
Val Gly Thr Arg Asp Trp Ile Glu Gly Glu Thr Tyr 405 410 415 Gln Cys
Arg Val Thr His Pro His Leu Pro Arg Ala Leu Met Arg Ser 420 425 430
Thr Thr Lys Thr Ser Gly Pro Arg Ala Ala Pro Glu Val Tyr Ala Phe 435
440 445 Ala Thr Pro Glu Trp Pro Gly Ser Arg Asp Lys Arg Thr Leu Ala
Cys 450 455 460 Leu Ile Gln Asn Phe Met Pro Glu Asp Ile Ser Val Gln
Trp Leu His 465 470 475 480 Asn Glu Val Gln Leu Pro Asp Ala Arg His
Ser Thr Thr Gln Pro Arg 485 490 495 Lys Thr Lys Gly Ser Gly Phe Phe
Val Phe Ser Arg Leu Glu Val Thr 500 505 510 Arg Ala Glu Trp Glu Gln
Lys Asp Glu Phe Ile Cys Arg Ala Val His 515 520 525 Glu Ala Ala Ser
Pro Ser Gln Thr Val Gln Arg Ala Val Ser Val Asn 530 535 540 Pro Gly
Lys Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Gly Leu Asn Asp Ile Phe Glu Ala 545 550 555
560 Gln Lys Ile Glu Trp His Glu 565 105438PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 105Gln Ser Leu Glu Glu Ser Gly
Gly Asp Leu Val Lys Pro Gly Gly Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Leu Thr Cys
Thr Ala Ser Gly Tyr Asp Phe Ser Ser Ala Tyr 20 25 30 Asp Met Cys
Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile 35 40 45 Ala
Cys Ile Tyr Thr Gly Asp Gly Val Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Ser Trp Ala 50 55
60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr Ser Ser Thr Thr Val Thr Leu
65 70 75 80 Gln Met Thr Ser Leu Thr Ala Ala Asp Thr Ala Thr Tyr Phe
Cys Ala 85 90 95 Arg Gly Gly Asp Tyr Tyr Asp Leu Trp Gly Pro Gly
Thr Leu Val Thr 100 105 110 Val Ser Ser Gly Gln Pro Lys Ala Pro Ser
Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro 115 120 125 Cys Cys Gly Asp Thr Pro Ser Ser
Thr Val Thr Leu Gly Cys Leu Val 130 135 140 Lys Gly Tyr Leu Pro Glu
Pro Val Thr Val Thr Trp Asn Ser Gly Thr 145 150 155 160 Leu Thr Asn
Gly Val Arg Thr Phe Pro Ser Val Arg Gln Ser Ser Gly 165 170 175 Leu
Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Ser Val Thr Ser Ser Ser Gln Pro 180 185
190 Val Thr Cys Asn Val Ala His Pro Ala Thr Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys
195 200 205 Thr Val Ala Pro Ser Thr Cys Ser Lys Pro Met Cys Pro Pro
Pro Glu 210 215 220 Leu Leu Gly Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro
Lys Pro Lys Asp 225 230 235 240 Thr Leu Met Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu
Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp 245 250 255 Val Ser Gln Asp Asp Pro Glu
Val Gln Phe Thr Trp Tyr Ile Asn Asn 260 265 270 Glu Gln Val Arg Thr
Ala Arg Pro Pro Leu Arg Glu Gln Gln Phe Asn 275 280 285 Ser Thr Ile
Arg Val Val Ser Thr Leu Pro Ile Ala His Gln Asp Trp 290 295 300 Leu
Arg Gly Lys Glu Phe Lys Cys Lys Val His Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro 305 310
315 320 Ala Pro Ile Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Arg Gly Gln Pro Leu
Glu 325 330 335 Pro Lys Val Tyr Thr Met Gly Pro Pro Arg Glu Glu Leu
Ser Ser Arg 340 345 350 Ser Val Ser Leu Thr Cys Met Ile Asn Gly Phe
Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile 355 360 365 Ser Val Glu Trp Glu Lys Asn Gly Lys
Ala Glu Asp Asn Tyr Lys Thr 370 375 380 Thr Pro Thr Val Leu Asp Ser
Asp Gly Ser Tyr Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys 385 390 395 400 Leu Ser Val Pro
Thr Ser Glu Trp Gln Arg Gly Asp Val Phe Thr Cys 405 410 415 Ser Val
Met His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Ile 420 425 430
Ser Arg Ser Pro Gly Lys 435 106215PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 106Ala Ile Val Met Thr Gln Thr
Pro Ser Ser Lys Ser Val Pro Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Thr Val Thr Ile
Asn Cys Gln Ala Ser Glu Ser Val Tyr Ser Asn 20 25 30 Tyr Leu Ala
Trp Phe Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln Pro Pro Lys Arg Leu 35 40 45 Ile
Tyr Gly Ala Ser Thr Leu Asp Ser Gly Val Ser Ser Arg Phe Lys 50 55
60 Gly Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Gln Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Asn Asp Val Gln
65 70 75 80 Cys Asp Asp Ala Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Ala Gly Tyr Lys Ser
Asp Asn 85 90 95 Thr Asp Gly Ile Ala Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Glu Val
Val Val Lys Gly 100 105 110 Asp Pro Val Ala Pro Thr Val Leu Ile Phe
Pro Pro Ala Ala Asp Gln 115 120 125 Val Ala Thr Gly Thr Val Thr Ile
Val Cys Val Ala Asn Lys Tyr Phe 130 135 140 Pro Asp Val Thr Val Thr
Trp Glu Val Asp Gly Thr Thr Gln Thr Thr 145 150 155 160 Gly Ile Glu
Asn Ser Lys Thr Pro Gln Asn Ser Ala Asp Cys Thr Tyr 165 170 175 Asn
Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Thr Ser Thr Gln Tyr Asn Ser His 180 185
190 Lys Glu Tyr Thr Cys Lys Val Thr Gln Gly Thr Thr Ser Val Val Gln
195 200 205 Ser Phe Asn Arg Gly Asp Cys 210 215 107448PRTArtificial
Sequencean artificially synthesized sequence 107Gln Ser Val Glu Glu
Ser Gly Gly Arg Leu Val Thr Pro Gly Thr Pro 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Leu
Thr Cys Thr Val Ser Gly Phe Ser Leu Ser Ser Tyr Asp 20 25 30 Met
Ser Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile Gly 35 40
45 Asp Ile Asp Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr Thr Ile Tyr Ala Thr Trp Ala Lys
50 55 60 Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr Ser Thr Thr Val Asp Leu
Lys Ile 65 70 75 80 Thr Ser Pro Thr Thr Glu Asp Thr Ala Thr Tyr Phe
Cys Ala Arg Cys 85 90 95 Ala Gly Gly Thr Gly Tyr Cys Glu Asp Gly
Leu Asp Pro Trp Gly Pro 100 105 110 Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser
Ala Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val 115 120 125 Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser
Ser Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala 130 135 140 Leu Gly Cys Leu
Val Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser 145 150 155 160 Trp
Asn Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val 165 170
175 Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro
180 185 190 Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn
His Lys 195 200 205 Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro
Lys Ser Cys Asp 210 215 220 Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala
Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly Gly 225 230 235 240 Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro
Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile 245 250 255 Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu
Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu 260 265 270 Asp Pro Glu
Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His 275 280 285 Asn
Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg 290 295
300 Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys
305 310 315 320 Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala
Pro Ile Glu
325 330 335 Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln
Val Tyr 340 345 350 Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys Asn
Gln Val Ser Leu 355 360 365 Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser
Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp 370 375 380 Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn
Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val 385 390 395 400 Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly
Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp 405 410 415 Lys Ser Arg
Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His 420 425 430 Glu
Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435 440
445 108217PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized
sequence 108Ala Phe Asp Met Thr Gln Thr Pro Ala Ser Val Glu Val Ala
Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Gly Thr Val Thr Ile Asn Cys Gln Ala Ser Gln Ser
Ile Gly Ser Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Thr Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln
Pro Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Arg Ala Ser Thr Leu Ala Ser
Gly Val Ser Ser Arg Phe Lys Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu
Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Asp Leu Glu Cys 65 70 75 80 Ala Asp Ala Ala
Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Asp Tyr Ser Gly Ser Asn 85 90 95 Val Asp
Asn Ile Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Glu Val Val Val Lys Arg Thr 100 105 110
Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu 115
120 125 Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro 130 135 140 Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly 145 150 155 160 Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr 165 170 175 Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His 180 185 190 Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val 195 200 205 Thr Lys Ser Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 215 109448PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 109Gln Ser Val Glu Glu Ser Gly
Gly Arg Leu Val Thr Pro Gly Thr Pro 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Leu Thr Cys
Thr Val Ser Gly Phe Ser Leu Ser Ser Tyr Asp 20 25 30 Met Ser Trp
Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Ile Gly 35 40 45 Asp
Ile Asp Thr Ala Ser Gly Thr Thr Ile Tyr Ala Ser Trp Ala Lys 50 55
60 Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Lys Thr Ser Thr Thr Val Asp Leu Lys Ile
65 70 75 80 Thr Ser Pro Thr Thr Glu Asp Thr Ala Thr Tyr Phe Cys Ala
Arg Cys 85 90 95 Ala Gly Ser Ser Gly Tyr Cys Glu Asn Gly Leu Asp
Pro Trp Gly Pro 100 105 110 Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala Ser
Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser Val 115 120 125 Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser Lys
Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala Ala 130 135 140 Leu Gly Cys Leu Val Lys
Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val Ser 145 150 155 160 Trp Asn Ser
Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala Val 165 170 175 Leu
Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val Pro 180 185
190 Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His Lys
195 200 205 Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys Ser
Cys Asp 210 215 220 Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu
Leu Leu Gly Gly 225 230 235 240 Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys
Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met Ile 245 250 255 Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr
Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His Glu 260 265 270 Asp Pro Glu Val Lys
Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val His 275 280 285 Asn Ala Lys
Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr Arg 290 295 300 Val
Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly Lys 305 310
315 320 Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile
Glu 325 330 335 Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro
Gln Val Tyr 340 345 350 Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Glu Glu Met Thr Lys
Asn Gln Val Ser Leu 355 360 365 Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro
Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu Trp 370 375 380 Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu
Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro Val 385 390 395 400 Leu Asp Ser Asp
Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val Asp 405 410 415 Lys Ser
Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met His 420 425 430
Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser Pro 435
440 445 110217PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized
sequence 110Ala Ile Glu Met Thr Gln Thr Pro Phe Ser Val Ser Ala Thr
Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Gly Thr Val Thr Ile Asn Cys Gln Ala Ser Gln Asn
Ile Asn Asp Tyr 20 25 30 Leu Ser Trp Tyr Gln Gln Lys Pro Gly Gln
Pro Pro Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Tyr Lys Ala Ser Thr Leu Ala Ser
Gly Val Ser Ser Arg Phe Lys Gly 50 55 60 Ser Gly Ser Gly Thr Glu
Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser Asp Leu Glu Cys 65 70 75 80 Ala Asp Ala Ala
Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Asp Tyr Ser Gly Ser Asp 85 90 95 Val Asp
Asn Ile Phe Gly Gly Gly Thr Glu Val Val Val Lys Arg Thr 100 105 110
Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln Leu 115
120 125 Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe Tyr
Pro 130 135 140 Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala Leu
Gln Ser Gly 145 150 155 160 Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Asp
Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr Tyr 165 170 175 Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu
Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys His 180 185 190 Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys Glu
Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro Val 195 200 205 Thr Lys Ser Phe
Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 215 111449PRTArtificial Sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 111Glu Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser
Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser
Cys Ala Val Ser Gly Tyr Ser Ile Thr Ser Gly 20 25 30 Tyr Ser Trp
Asn Trp Ile Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp 35 40 45 Val
Ala Ser Ile Thr Tyr Asp Gly Ser Thr Asn Tyr Asn Pro Ser Val 50 55
60 Lys Gly Arg Ile Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asp Ser Lys Asn Thr Phe Tyr
65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Ala Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr
Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Arg Gly Ser His Tyr Phe Gly His Trp His Phe
Ala Val Trp Gly 100 105 110 Gln Gly Thr Leu Val Thr Val Ser Ser Ala
Ser Thr Lys Gly Pro Ser 115 120 125 Val Phe Pro Leu Ala Pro Ser Ser
Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly Gly Thr Ala 130 135 140 Ala Leu Gly Cys Leu Val
Lys Asp Tyr Phe Pro Glu Pro Val Thr Val 145 150 155 160 Ser Trp Asn
Ser Gly Ala Leu Thr Ser Gly Val His Thr Phe Pro Ala 165 170 175 Val
Leu Gln Ser Ser Gly Leu Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Val Val Thr Val 180 185
190 Pro Ser Ser Ser Leu Gly Thr Gln Thr Tyr Ile Cys Asn Val Asn His
195 200 205 Lys Pro Ser Asn Thr Lys Val Asp Lys Lys Val Glu Pro Lys
Ser Cys 210 215 220 Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro
Glu Leu Leu Gly 225 230 235 240 Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro
Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met 245 250 255 Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val
Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 260 265 270 Glu Asp Pro Glu Val
Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val 275 280 285 His Asn Ala
Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr 290 295 300 Arg
Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly 305 310
315 320 Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro
Ile 325 330 335 Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu
Pro Gln Val 340 345 350 Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr
Lys Asn Gln Val Ser 355 360 365 Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr
Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 370 375 380 Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro
Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro 385 390 395 400 Val Leu Asp Ser
Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val 405 410 415 Asp Lys
Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met 420 425 430
His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 435
440 445 Pro 112218PRTArtificial Sequencean artificially synthesized
sequence 112Asp Ile Gln Leu Thr Gln Ser Pro Ser Ser Leu Ser Ala Ser
Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Arg Val Thr Ile Thr Cys Arg Ala Ser Gln Ser
Val Asp Tyr Asp 20 25 30 Gly Asp Ser Tyr Met Asn Trp Tyr Gln Gln
Lys Pro Gly Lys Ala Pro 35 40 45 Lys Leu Leu Ile Tyr Ala Ala Ser
Tyr Leu Glu Ser Gly Val Pro Ser 50 55 60 Arg Phe Ser Gly Ser Gly
Ser Gly Thr Asp Phe Thr Leu Thr Ile Ser 65 70 75 80 Ser Leu Gln Pro
Glu Asp Phe Ala Thr Tyr Tyr Cys Gln Gln Ser His 85 90 95 Glu Asp
Pro Tyr Thr Phe Gly Gln Gly Thr Lys Val Glu Ile Lys Arg 100 105 110
Thr Val Ala Ala Pro Ser Val Phe Ile Phe Pro Pro Ser Asp Glu Gln 115
120 125 Leu Lys Ser Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Val Cys Leu Leu Asn Asn Phe
Tyr 130 135 140 Pro Arg Glu Ala Lys Val Gln Trp Lys Val Asp Asn Ala
Leu Gln Ser 145 150 155 160 Gly Asn Ser Gln Glu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln
Asp Ser Lys Asp Ser Thr 165 170 175 Tyr Ser Leu Ser Ser Thr Leu Thr
Leu Ser Lys Ala Asp Tyr Glu Lys 180 185 190 His Lys Val Tyr Ala Cys
Glu Val Thr His Gln Gly Leu Ser Ser Pro 195 200 205 Val Thr Lys Ser
Phe Asn Arg Gly Glu Cys 210 215 11319PRTArtificial sequencean
artificially synthesized sequence 113Met Gly Trp Ser Cys Ile Ile
Leu Phe Leu Val Ala Thr Ala Thr Gly 1 5 10 15 Val His Ser
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