U.S. patent application number 14/256220 was filed with the patent office on 2014-08-14 for peracetic acid composition.
This patent application is currently assigned to FMC Corporation. The applicant listed for this patent is FMC Corporation. Invention is credited to Shibu ABRAHAM, Mary HOMAN, Donald LAPHAM, John M. ROVISON.
Application Number | 20140228328 14/256220 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39562938 |
Filed Date | 2014-08-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140228328 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ROVISON; John M. ; et
al. |
August 14, 2014 |
PERACETIC ACID COMPOSITION
Abstract
The invention relates to anti-microbial compositions useful
against a wide range of microorganisms undesirable on a wide
variety of materials, including food, food contact and non-food
contact surfaces, and surfaces in industrial, recreational, health
care, and other institutional environments. More particularly, the
anti-microbial compositions comprise peracetic acid in combination
with a) citric acid or a salt and b) salicylic acid or a salt in
aqueous solution.
Inventors: |
ROVISON; John M.; (Sanborn,
NY) ; LAPHAM; Donald; (Lockport, NY) ;
ABRAHAM; Shibu; (Stewartsville, NJ) ; HOMAN;
Mary; (San Antonio, TX) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
FMC Corporation |
Philadelphia |
PA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
FMC Corporation
Philadelphia
PA
|
Family ID: |
39562938 |
Appl. No.: |
14/256220 |
Filed: |
April 18, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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12519889 |
Jun 18, 2009 |
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PCT/US2007/088409 |
Dec 20, 2007 |
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14256220 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/163 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 37/16 20130101;
A01N 25/22 20130101; A01N 37/40 20130101; A01N 37/40 20130101; A23L
3/349 20130101; A23B 7/10 20130101; A01N 37/40 20130101; A23C 7/02
20130101; A01N 37/36 20130101; A01N 37/36 20130101; A01N 2300/00
20130101; A01N 37/40 20130101; A01N 37/18 20130101; A01N 37/36
20130101; A01N 37/16 20130101; A23V 2002/00 20130101; A23B 4/12
20130101; A23L 3/3508 20130101; A01N 37/16 20130101; A01N 2300/00
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/163 |
International
Class: |
A01N 37/40 20060101
A01N037/40; A01N 37/16 20060101 A01N037/16; A01N 37/36 20060101
A01N037/36 |
Claims
1. A composition comprising, in aqueous solution, a. an aqueous
peracetic acid solution; and b. an adjuvant comprising (i)
salicylic acid or a salt thereof and (ii) citric acid or a salt
thereof.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the salicylic acid and citric
acid or their respective salts are dissolved to their solubility
limits and in proportionate weight ratios ranging from about 1:5 or
1:1 respectively.
3. The composition of claim 2 further comprising one or more
stabilizing agents, wetting agents, hydrotopes, thickeners, foaming
agents, acidifiers, pigments, dyes, surfactants, or combinations
thereof.
4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the surfactant consists of
one or more anionic or nonionic surfactants in concentrations up to
2% selected from the group consisting of polyoxylene (C.sub.20 to
C.sub.80) sorbitan monooleates, alklyl long chain fatty acid
(C.sub.5 to C.sub.20) metallic esters and alcohols; and
alkylbenzenesulfonic acids and alcohols and/or their metallic ester
salts having alkyl groups ranging from C.sub.2 to C.sub.20.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the salicylate salt or
salicylic acid and citric acid compounds are in proportionate
weight ratios ranging from 1:5 to 1:1 respectively, in a solution
matrix of glacial acetic acid (70-90%) and water (30-5%).
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the salicylic acid or salt
thereof is sodium salicylate and the citric acid or salt thereof is
citric acid.
7. A kit comprising a. an aqueous peracetic acid solution; and b.
an adjuvant comprising (i) salicylic acid or a salt thereof and
(ii) citric acid or a salt thereof.
8. A method of reducing microbial contamination comprising applying
the composition of claim 1 to a surface in an amount and for a time
sufficient to reduce the microbial contamination.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the surface is meat, poultry,
seafood, or a portion thereof.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the surface is a plant material
(leaf, stalk, flower, fruit, vegetable, or portion thereof).
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the surface is a non-food contact
surface.
12. The method of claim 8 further comprising recovering the applied
composition and reprocessing the recovered composition to yield a
recycled anti-microbial composition.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein the peracetic acid is present at
end use concentrations ranging to 1%.
14. The method of claim 8 wherein the salicylic acid or salt
thereof is present at up to 20000 ppm.
15. The method of claim 8 wherein the citric acid is present up to
20000 ppm.
16. The method of claim 8 wherein the end use concentrations of the
composition have pH values between 1 and 4.5.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 60/876,941, filed Dec. 22, 2006.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to anti-microbial compositions useful
against a wide range of microorganisms that are undesirable on a
wide variety of materials, including food, food contact and
non-food contact surfaces, and surfaces in industrial,
recreational, health care, and other institutional environments.
More particularly, the anti-microbial compositions comprise an
aqueous solution of peracetic acid (PAA) and an adjuvant, the
adjuvant comprising a) citric acid or a salt of citric acid and b)
salicylic acid or a salt of salicylic acid.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Certain environments pose challenges to the efficacy of
sanitizers and disinfectants upon various microorganisms found
within those environments. Additionally, a number of widely applied
antimicrobial control agents have effectively been reduced because
of their inherent toxicity, long term and latent effects on the
environment, food chain, and surface waters. A number of compounds
are undergoing increased scrutiny because of these factors coupled
with misapplication and general in-use safety.
[0004] Peracetic acid is known to be a useful antimicrobial agent.
However, its antimicrobial effect is best obtained with high
concentrations (generally greater than 100 parts per million
(ppm)). At these concentrations the material has an overbearing
odor, sometimes causes oxidative damage to foodstuffs and surfaces
to which it is applied, and present hazards to persons handling the
materials. U.S. Pat. No. 4,051,058 discloses aqueous solutions of
peracetic acid in concentrations of 0.5% to 20% by weight for use
in sanitizing and disinfecting applications. Compositions
additionally containing organic acids are also known. U.S. Pat. No.
6,617,290 discloses the use of acidifying agents classified as GRAS
(Generally Regarded As Safe) for use as food additives in
preparations for cleaning and sanitizing food contact and non-food
contact surfaces. These agents include citric and lactic acids.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,475,967 discloses a light duty antibacterial liquid
detergent displaying foaming and grease-cutting as well as low
corrosive properties. The aqueous composition comprises
hydroxyl-containing organic acid(s), a peracetic acid, and other
components including various surfactants, and polyethylene
glycol.
[0005] A need continues to exist for antimicrobial compositions
that are stable, environmentally compatible, are "no rinse" after
application, exhibit residual anti-microbial activity, do not alter
organoleptic properties such as taste, smell, or visual appearance
of food which comes into contact with the composition, will not
oxidize hard surfaces, and will not adversely affect humans should
incidental ingestion or contact occur. Particularly desirable are
antimicrobial compositions that are effective at low concentrations
in solution.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The invention is a cleaning and sanitizing composition
comprising, in aqueous solution, [0007] a. peracetic acid; and
[0008] b. an adjuvant comprising (i) salicylic acid or its salts
and (ii) citric acid or its salts.
[0009] The invention further includes the adjuvant wherein the
salicylic acid and citric acid or their respective salts are
dissolved to their solubility limits and in proportionate ratios
ranging from about 1:5 to 1:1 by weight respectively. One or more
stabilizing agents, wetting agents, hydrotopes, thickeners, foaming
agents, acidifiers, pigments, dyes, surfactants, or combinations
thereof may further be components of the invention to effect other
properties desirable in such a composition. One such surfactant
consists of one or more anionic or nonionic surfactants in
concentrations up to 2% selected from the group FMC HRS.TM.,
polyoxylene (C.sub.20 to sorbitan monooleates, alklyl long chain
fatty acid (C.sub.5 to C.sub.m) metallic esters and alcohols; and
alkylbenzenesulfonic acids and alcohols and/or their metallic ester
salts having alkyl groups ranging from C.sub.2 to C.sub.20.
[0010] The invention further includes a kit comprising [0011] a. an
aqueous peracetic acid solution; and [0012] b. a mixture comprising
salicylic acid and citric acid or their respective salts in
proportionate ratios ranging from about 1:5 to 1:1 by weight
respectively and in a solution matrix acting as solvent of glacial
acetic acid (70-90%) and water (30-5%).
[0013] The invention also encompasses a method of reducing
microbial contamination comprising applying the anti-microbial
composition to a surface in an amount and for a time sufficient to
reduce the microbial contamination. The surface to which the
composition is applied is any of meat, poultry, seafood, or
portions thereof. The surface may alternatively be a plant material
(leaf, stalk, flower, fruit, vegetable, or portion thereof).
Additionally, the surface may be a non-food surface. The method
further contemplates recovering the applied composition and
reprocessing the recovered composition to yield a recycled
anti-microbial composition. The method includes an embodiment
wherein the peracetic acid component is present at end use
concentrations ranging up to 1%. The invention further contemplates
a composition wherein the sodium salicylate or salicylic acid is
present at end use at up to 20000 ppm. The invention further
contemplates a composition wherein the citric acid is present at
end use at up to 20000 ppm. End use concentrations of the
composition generally have pH values between 1 and 4.5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0014] The present invention relates to improved mycocidal and
bacteriocidal compositions that are safe for food contact and
non-food surfaces without requiring a post-sanitizing rinse and are
safe for incidental human contact. The composition of the invention
is intended to enhance the efficacy of peracetic acid solutions at
end use concentrations. The invention is a composition comprising:
[0015] a) an aqueous peracetic acid solution; and [0016] b) an
adjuvant comprising (i) salicylic acid or its salts (cationic
valence +1 or +2) and (ii) citric acid or its salts (cationic
valence +1 or +2).
[0017] The aqueous adjuvant solution comprises 70-95% acetic acid
and 30-5% by weight water containing the salicylic acid and the
citric acid components dissolved in the liquid. The resulting
adjuvant is then added to the peracetic acid/water solution such
that the upper ppm limit of PAA is about 10,000 ppm and the upper
ppm limit of the other acids is about 40,000 ppm. One method of
forming the invention includes adding to the peracetic acid
formulation in situ salicylic acid or its salts (as a simple form
of an aromatic carboxylic acid) and citric acid or its salts (as a
tricarboxylic acid). Salicylic acid and citric acid are used to
form the adjuvant in concentrations of from about 100 ppm to about
40,000 ppm. Above this concentration the additive formulation
itself becomes unstable (acetic acid+water+sodium salicylate+citric
acid) to support addition into the PAA/water solution.
[0018] The resulting peracetic acid in situ mixture containing the
adjuvant provides enhanced performance and latent residual activity
on a treated surface once the liquid portions have disappeared
through decomposition and evaporation. Additional components may be
anionic or non-ionic surfactants which can foam and thereby hold
the sanitizer in place for extended periods of time. The
composition contains peracetic acid at end use concentrations of
between about 40 ppm to about 10,000 ppm. Any lower use
concentrations of peracetic acid require too long of a contact time
to be considered practicably effective. The final diluted solution
as applied to a food stuff or surface will contain by weight in one
embodiment approximately water 84.5-91.4%; acetic acid 10.1-0.149%;
PAA 1-0.004%; hydrogen peroxide 4-0.003%; citric acid or salt
0.56-0.010%; and, salicylic acid or salycilate salts 0.12-0.002%.
All percents here and elsewhere throughout the application are
percents by weight unless indicated otherwise.
[0019] The compositions of the invention are appropriate for use in
food and beverage processing plants (including facilities related
to meat, seafood, poultry, produce, dairies, wineries, breweries,
and beverage plants), food preparation kitchens, food serving
establishments, nursing-care and hospital-care applications, and
industrial and institutional surfaces where concerns exist
regarding the safety of food products, environmental residues, or
for human contact. The composition can be applied either through in
situ mixing via batch tank, in-line mixing with ratio controllers
or ratio control via pump speeds, or topical application of one
liquid separately into/onto one another upon the surface to be
treated. The invention is also provided in the form of a kit
containing an aqueous peracetic acid solution as a first component
and a concentrate of salicylic and citric acid or salts thereof as
a second component.
[0020] Although not wishing to be bound to any particular theory,
the following information is presented to assist those skilled in
the art to understand the applicability and limits of this
invention.
[0021] Yeasts and molds have a typical surface structure containing
a cell wall generally comprised of 1,3-{acute over
(.alpha.)}-peptidoglycans and/or chitin along with the lipid
bi-layer associated with cell membranes. The slightly different
construction of fungal cell walls relative to the 1,4 and
1,6-{acute over (.alpha.)}-peptidoglycans associated with bacteria
having cell walls (gram positive) presents some different
characteristics when attempting to destroy the organism.
[0022] The intent of the invention is to disrupt the metabolic
homeostatic mechanisms of the target organisms with a mixture of
antimicrobial compounds. All antimicrobial agents will have some
toxic effects to lower and higher forms of life, including animals
and humans, because all life forms share some degree of common
metabolic pathways. Typical homeostatic metabolic mechanisms
include: protein coagulation, lysing, oxidation, reduction, and
competitive and non-competitive inhibition. More specifically,
citric acid disrupts respiratory pathways via Kreb's cycle and has
known preservative properties. Salicylic acid derivatives inhibit
folic acid synthesis in mycobacterium and are bacteriostatic. These
derivatives are known for their use as preservatives, fungicides
(i.e., as a treatment of tinea), and have mild antibiotic
properties when used as a topical treatment for skin ailments.
These compounds weaken the target organism and so enhance the
efficacy of peracetic acid in oxidative lysing.
[0023] Cell damage is distinguished as "-static" or "-cidal"
activity based on the degree of the control agent's efficacy and
defined by official laboratory control protocols. "Static" cell
damage is reversible, with the organism able to multiply once
relieved of exposure to the agent. "-cidal" cell damage is
irreversible, with lethality resulting from complete microbial cell
destruction or incapacitation. According to this definition,
preservatives are generally considered inhibitory, bacteriostatic,
or mycobacteriostatic and sanitizers and disinfectants are
considered microbiocidal.
[0024] Preservatives are inhibitory compounds added to foods and
non-food products to prolong or enhance shelf-life by hindering the
deterioration of properties such as: texture, nutritive value,
odor, flavor, color, appearance, value or safety. Minimum
Inhibitory Concentration is the standard criteria for evaluating
such materials as is Zone of Inhibition. The key differentiators
between preservatives and sanitizers are: 1) mode of
action--preservatives prevent growth instead of demonstrating
lethality; and 2) exposure time--preservatives operate over periods
of days to months whereas sanitizers must provide 99.9999% (5 log
order) lethality within 30 seconds at nominal 20 degrees C.
[0025] Sanitizers reduce microbial contaminants to levels deemed
safe as given by public health requirements and must result in
99.9999% reduction (5 log order reduction) from a practical
perspective for given organisms as defined by Germicidal and
Detergent Sanitizing Action of Disinfectants, Official Methods of
Analysis of the Association of Official analytical Chemists,
paragraph 960.09 and applicable sections, 15.sup.th Edition, 1990
(EPA Guideline 91-2). Disinfectants must pass a more stringent
antimicrobial test; the A.O.A.C. Use Dilution Methods, Official
Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official analytical
Chemists, paragraph 955.14 and applicable sections, 15.sup.th
Edition, 1990 (EPA Guideline 91-2).
[0026] It is desirable that sanitizing agents or compounds have key
properties beyond antimicrobial efficacy. They include "no rinse"
after application and exhibit residual activity where "residual
activity" refers to some latent antimicrobial effects remain on the
treated surface if contaminated by microorganisms during storage or
lag periods by means of a lingering coating or film. Additionally,
the sanitizer ought not to alter food or (organoleptic properties
such as taste, smell, or visual appearance) if food contact occurs
and should not affect humans should incidental ingestion
result.
Compositions:
[0027] The compositions of the present invention comprise (a)
peracetic acid (b) salicylic acid or a salt thereof and (c) citric
acid or a salt thereof.
[0028] Peracetic acid is well known for its highly oxidative
properties and as a bactericide and fungicide, especially in food
processing operations. VigorOx.RTM. Liquid Sanitizer &
Disinfectant and VigorOx.RTM. LS (LS&D and LS, FMC, USA) are
equilibrium mixtures of peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, acetic
acid, water and stabilizer. They are used at low solution
concentrations to rapidly kill a broad spectrum of microorganisms
including gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. They are more
tolerant than most sanitizers to pH, temperature, water hardness,
and organic soils. The products are EPA-registered solutions for
the food and beverage industry. VigorOx.RTM. LS&D's and
VigorOx.RTM. LS's no-rinse, non-foaming formulas and their ability
to sanitize at cold temperatures make them ideally suited for use
in circulation clean-in-place (CIP) systems for food processing
equipment. VigorOx.RTM.LS&D and VigorOx.RTM. LS are also
approved for immersion cleaning of equipment and utensils in food
processing and packaging plants and eating establishments.
VigorOx.RTM. LS&D is composed of: PAA 5-6%; H.sub.2O.sub.2
21-23%; acetic acid 10-11%; and water 63-65%. Clarity.RTM.,
Blitz.RTM., and Spectrum.RTM. are additional FMC formulations of
peracetic acid. The compositions for Clarity.RTM., Blitz.RTM.,
Spectrum.RTM., and VigorOx.RTM. SP-15 are identical with
registration differences for their intended use: PAA 15-17%;
H.sub.2O.sub.2 9-11%; acetic acid 33-38%; sulfuric acid 0-1%; and
water 30-44%.
[0029] Salicylic acid is well known as the substructure for common
aspirin, is easily metabolized at low exposure rates, and is known
as a mild antibiotic for skin-care products targeting acne,
psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, and warts. It is
also known for inhibiting genes necessary for parthenogenesis in
some soil microbes, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
[0030] Citric acid and its salts are well established as
preservatives in food, especially beverages, and as pH buffers in
solutions. Citric acid is Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) by the
FDA.
[0031] In addition to the free citric or salicylic acids, the
compositions of the present invention may alternatively contain
"salts" of these acids. The salts may be salicylate salt(s)
comprising cationic salts including, but not limited to, sodium,
potassium, ammonium; salicylates salts of cations with valences of
+1 and +2, or alkyl (C.sub.2 to C.sup.20), or acetyl derivatives
and/or with side chains in the ortho, meta, and/or para positions
of alkyl, aryl, acetyl, or carboxy side chains of length C.sub.2 to
C.sub.20. Salts may also be citric acid ester salts of cations with
valences of +1 and +2 including complex cations such as ammonium. A
preferred composition comprises peracetic acid, sodium salicylate
and citric acid.
[0032] The compositions of the present invention upon drying will
leave minute amounts of salicylic acid or its salts and citric acid
or its salts after the peracetic acid has decomposed or has been
lost by evaporation. This effect will provide for some extended
latent antimicrobial effects.
Additives:
[0033] The compositions may further comprise a variety of other
optional ingredients such as surfactants, wetting agents,
hydrotopes, thickeners, foaming agents, acidifiers, builders,
stabilizers, bleach activators, soil suspenders, dye transfer
agents, brighteners, perfumes, anti-dusting agents, enzymes,
dispersants, dye transfer inhibitors, pigments, odor masking
agents, or a combination thereof.
[0034] Surfactants of particular interest are anionic and non ionic
surfactants used in concentrations from 0 to 2%, such as, but not
limited to, FMC HRS.TM., polyoxylene (C.sub.20 to C.sub.80)
sorbitan monooleates, alklyl long chain fatty acid (C.sub.5 to
C.sub.20) metallic esters and alcohols; and alkylbenzenesulfonic
acids and alcohols and/or their metallic ester salts having alkyl
groups ranging from C.sub.2 to C.sub.20.
[0035] The invention is preferably formulated as a liquid
composition, preferably an aqueous composition. The pH of the
composition is preferably between 2-5 pH and may be maintained by
adjustment with PAA, citric, or acetic acid or mixture of these
acids. The PAA and adjuvant solution can be combined into one
solution to which can be added a foaming agent, (i.e., FMC HRS.TM.)
at a rate of 2-10 liquid ounces per gallon of sanitizer solution
and applied by means of devices and equipment known in the art. The
invention may also be combined by means of a two-part spray system
(PAA solution and adjuvant) to surfaces. PAA formulations are
generally marketed as concentrates. The adjuvant of the invention
can therefore be provided as an additive formulation. An
illustrative formulation is a 10.times. concentration consisting of
approximately 79% acetic acid, 14.2% water, 5.6% citric acid, and
1.2% Na salicylate. Additionally, the adjuvant of the invention may
be provided as a dry powder having a ratio of citric acid to Na
salicylate of 4.67:1 by weight.
Target Organisms:
[0036] The compositions of the invention are effectively used to
sanitize or disinfect food and surfaces where microbial populations
are the result of contamination by fecal matter or digestive tract
content. Additionally, contamination by other microbial vectors is
also effectively reduced or eliminated by applying the disclosed
compositions. The invention is effective in combating a variety of
microorganisms including, but not limited to:
TABLE-US-00001 Gram positive bacteria Bacillus, Listeria,
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium. Gram
negative bacteria Escherichia, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Moraxella,
Heliobactor, Stenotrophomonas, Acetobactoer, and Bdellovibrio.
Viruses Avian viral types and influenza species Fungi & Molds
Penicillium spp., Geotrichum spp., Aspergillus spp. Y casts Candida
spp., Rhyzopus spp., Mucor.
[0037] The microorganisms used in developing this invention and in
the examples below were obtained from the American Type Culture
Collection (ATCC), Manassas, Va. 20108 or from Remel Microbiology
Products, Lenexa, Kans., 66215 USA. Specific organisms studied with
use of the AOAC Use-Dilution Method in the development of this
invention were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), Staphylococcus
aureus (ATCC 6538), Salmonella choleraesuis (ATCC 10708). Specific
organisms studied for germicidal and detergent sanitizing action
were Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC
6538). Additionally studied in a moist environment in contact with
fruit juice were species C. parapsilosis and M. plumbeus.
Types of Environments and Methods of Application:
[0038] The compositions of this invention are suitable for use in a
wide variety of environments including circulation cleaning in
place (CIP) and industrial sanitizing of equipment such as tanks
pipelines, evaporators, fillers, pasteurizers, aseptic equipment,
and for sanitizing previously cleaned, hard, porous and non-porous
food contact surfaces of equipment in, for example, 1) dairies,
wineries, breweries, and beverage plants, 2) meat and poultry
processing and packing plants, 3) milk and dairy products
processing and packaging plants, 4) seafood and produce processing
and packaging plants, 5) food processing and packing plants, 6) egg
processing and packing equipment surfaces, and 7) eating
establishments. Microbial populations are reduced in continuous
online applications or in discontinuous batch applications. The
composition may be recovered for reprocessing/reapplication to
poultry, meat, seafood, plant materials, and to surfaces.
Direct Contact with Food:
[0039] The compositions are useful for treating and intervening
with microbial vectors as applied to any kind of poultry (i.e.,
chicken, turkey, duck, ostrich, emu, quail, partridge, squab,
guinea fowl, pheasant, goose, and game hens), red meat (i.e., beef,
buffalo, pork, veal, lam, and mutton), and seafood (fish and
shellfish). Also, to animal, poultry, or seafood carcasses that
have been subjected to stunning, bleeding, scalding, picking,
singeing, or a combination thereof. Also, to meat and poultry that
have been subjected to beheading, removing feet, neck-cropping,
portioning, or a combination thereof. Also, to a whole carcass or
individual parts of carcasses (parts) or one or more dismembered
parts of a carcass. Also, to a carcasses (parts) that has/have been
subjected to portioning, or to any portion or combination thereof
that has been subjected to deboning.
[0040] The composition may also be applied to plant material (i.e.,
leaf, stalk, flower, fruit, vegetable, or portion thereof) for
treating and intervening with the growth of microbial vectors.
[0041] Treatment of food material may be by any suitable means
including, for example, dip, spray nozzle or electrostatic spray
system. Additionally, in poultry processing it may be applied
within a de-feathering picker, inside-outside bird washing, dress
rinsing, spray rinsing, or a combination thereof. Application may
further include treating food material with the composition and
then exposing the treated food material to activated light.
Activated light is defined as ultraviolet light, infrared light,
visible light or a combination thereof. Treatment may alternatively
be by air chilling. The composition may be applied at temperatures
between about 0.degree. C. and 100.degree. C. for use of the
composition with direct food contact.
Surface Applications:
[0042] Surfaces prone to contamination with microorganisms can be
found in many industries. Automated, clean-in-place (CIP) systems
are widely used in food and beverage plants throughout product
reception, storage, and process areas. This practice has expanded
the need for cold terminal sanitation of stainless steel storage
silos and process tanks, particularly in dairies and breweries. The
advantages of CIP systems to the processors are savings in
personnel, energy, and chemical costs by prevention of misuse by
employees. Potential difficulties encountered using CIP systems are
effective removal of soils, uniform surface contact by cleaners and
sanitizers, problems with foam, and cross contamination problems
associated with the practice of processing multiple product
lines.
[0043] In these applications, the composition is applied to solid
surfaces for the control of microbiological organisms. Surfaces may
be porous or non-porous. One method for applying the composition is
by a dual feed pump dosing system using ratio control or other
means to proportionately meter the active formulations into a
common stream of water or other appropriate carrier for the
peracetic acid and additives (salicylic and citric) to be applied
onto surfaces such as, but not limited to, any and all food
processing equipment, bottle washing systems (including but not
limited to such systems for glass, HDPE, MDPE, LLDPE and PET, and
PLA), food contact surfaces, or other non-food processing surfaces.
Application to surfaces may be accomplished, with or without foam
additive, as treatments for food contact surfaces in restaurants,
hospitals, and other industrial and institutional areas requiring
sanitization and disinfection. Additionally, application may be
accomplished, with or without foaming additives, as treatments for
non-food contact surfaces such as, but not limited to, locker
rooms, shower facilities, toilets, rest rooms, and counter
tops.
[0044] The invention is exemplified in the following examples. The
examples are illustrative of the invention and not intended to be
limiting.
EXAMPLES
Methods and Materials
[0045] "RB" refers to a mixture of 0.2% sodium salicylate
(Mallinckrodt powder) and 0.5% citric acid (Sigma anhydrous
crystal), each ingredient added separately as a solid.
[0046] P-077-22 is a solution comprised of 81% acetic acid, 8%
water, 7.6% citric acid, and 3.0% salicylic acid. P-077-23 is a
solution comprised of 79% acetic acid, 14.2% water, 5.6% citric
acid, and 1.2% sodium salicylate. In all studies, the "P" solutions
were added such that the final test solutions contained 0.5% citric
acid. For P-077-22 the actual weight of "as is" solution used was
6.58%; and for P-077-23 the weight was 8.93%.
[0047] The acronym "POESM" refers to Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene 20
sorbitan monooleate). The acronym "DDBSA" refers to
dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and "SLS" refers to sodium lauryl
sulfate.
[0048] Use of oxidative lysing agents such as peracetic acid in
aqueous solution at concentration(s) ranging from 400-660 ppm
provided only moderate kill rates with log reductions of 4-5.5.
However, use of peracetic acid at the same concentrations with the
addition of the adjuvant herein described produced improved kill
rates up to complete destruction of the species with log reductions
of 6 or recovery rates of 0. Additional testing of peracetic acid
at nominal rates of 0-200 ppm with and without the adjuvant clearly
demonstrated that complete control against C. albicans was achieved
only when both PAA and the adjuvant were deployed together.
[0049] Additional testing to prove control as a disinfectant and
not have interference between the adjuvant with the peracetic acid
(VigorOx.RTM. LS&D, FMC, USA) was demonstrated through a
3.sup.rd party laboratory with complete control of the tested
organisms and met U.S. EPA disinfection claims. Similar testing
also demonstrated similar performance with a third party laboratory
as a sanitizer for pre-cleaned, non-porous food contact surfaces
meeting the U.S. EPA definition for sanitizer performance.
[0050] The method of deployment consisted of peracetic acid in a
water carrier fluid to which has been added the adjuvant herein
described and then applied to the surface(s) to be treated and held
for a specific period of time determined by field application
testing. All the components were compounded into a single
homogeneous mixture.
[0051] In the examples, the combination of 0.2% sodium salicylate
and 0.5% citric acid added as solids (RB) or as dissolved in acetic
acid (P-077-23) significantly enhanced the efficacy of VigorOx.RTM.
versus microbes with thick cell walls such as Gram-positive
bacteria, yeasts, and molds. This increase in biocidal
effectiveness is most likely due to cell wall damage/changes caused
by the adjuvants, allowing further penetration by peracetic acid.
Since VigorOx.RTM. is highly/totally effective against
thinner-walled Gram-negative bacteria, the addition of adjuvants
results in no/little difference in efficacy against these
microbes.
[0052] In parallel tests, the P-077-22 formulation containing
salicylic acid achieved practically identical reductions as the
sodium salicylate-containing version against all microbes except
the spoilage mold Rhizopus oryzae. Thus, studies conducted to date
indicate that P-077-23 is the more effective formulation; however,
it should be noted that only one study versus Rhizopus indicated
that P-077-22 was inferior. (See Example 4.)
Disinfecting Test Method:
Laboratory Procedures
Preparation of Challenge Inoculi for IsoGrid and Suspension
Efficacy Testing
[0053] For bacterial studies, test microbes obtained from ATCC or
Remel were first streaked on nutrient agar plates to confirm
purity. Some of the plate growth was then transferred to nutrient
broth and stirred at .about.37.degree. C. for .about.24 hrs. or
until growth reaches a level of 8 log.sub.10 colony forming units
(CFU)/ml. This broth was then serially diluted in nutrient broth
with 5% calf serum (added as an organic burden) to prepare a
.about.6 log.sub.10 CFU/ml suspension for the inoculation of test
filters and a .about.2 log.sub.10 CFU/ml suspension for the
inoculation of positive control filters.
[0054] For yeast studies, test microbes obtained from ATCC or Remel
were streaked on appropriate agar to confirm purity and then spread
over the entire surface of several agar plates. After an incubation
period of sufficient length to yield heavy growth, the surface of
the agar was gently scraped with an inoculating loop to transfer
the growth to a tube of sterile Butterfield's buffer (generally one
plate of growth in .about.100 ml buffer). The concentration
(CFU/ml) of the resulting suspension was determined by using a
hemacytometer or inoculating agar plates or IsoGrid filters. The
mixture was refrigerated and was usable for several weeks after
preparation. On the day of testing, the suspension was serially
diluted in Butterfield's phosphate buffer to a level of .about.5-6
log.sub.10 CFU/ml for the inoculation of test filters and a
.about.2 log.sub.10 CFU/ml suspension for the inoculation of
positive control filters.
[0055] For mold studies, test microbes obtained from ATCC or Remel
were streaked on appropriate agar to confirm purity and then spread
over the entire surface of several agar plates. After an incubation
period of sufficient length to yield confluent growth and
sporulation, the plates were flooded with 6-10 ml sterile
Butterfield's buffer. A hockey stick plate spreader was used to
gently scrape the surface of the agar to loosen conidia and hyphae.
The suspension on the agar was then poured off and filtered through
sterile gauze in a sterile Buchner funnel with receiving flask. The
concentration (CFU/ml) of the resulting conidial filtrate was
determined by using a hemacytometer or inoculating agar plates or
IsoGrid filters. The mixture was refrigerated and was usable for
several weeks after preparation. On the day of testing, the
suspension was serially diluted in Butterfield's phosphate buffer
to a level of .about.5-6 log.sub.10 CFU/ml for the inoculation of
test filters and a .about.2 log.sub.10 CFU/ml suspension for the
inoculation of positive control filters.
Preparation of Test Solutions
[0056] Peracetic acid (PAA) solutions were prepared by diluting 5%
or 15% VigorOx.RTM. with "Milli-Q" water in a passivated amber
bottle to obtain the target concentration. The concentration was
then confirmed by titration on an autotitrator.
[0057] Mixtures of PAA and amounts of adjuvants </=1 g/100 g
mixture were prepared by weighing the adjuvant directly into a
passivated amber bottle and adding previously prepared peracetic
acid to reach the desired total weight. The PAA content was
determined by titrating with a test PAA kit #7191 (LaMotte Company,
Chestertown, Md. 21620 USA).
[0058] Mixtures of PAA and amounts of adjuvants >/=1 g/100 g
mixture were prepared by weighing the adjuvant and the peracetic
acid separately into a passivated amber bottle and using Milli-Q
water to reach the desired total weight. The PAA content was
determined by titrating with a test PAA kit #7191 (LaMotte Company,
Chestertown, Md. 21620 USA).
IsoGrid Efficacy Testing
[0059] Using aseptic technique, IsoGrid filters (enough to run each
test solution/condition in triplicate), were clamped in filter
funnel units and each inoculated with a target of .about.100,000 to
one million CFU. This was accomplished by first adding .about.12 ml
sterile Butterfield's buffer to the funnel followed by 1 ml of
.about.10.sup.5-10.sup.6 CFU/ml inoculum suspension, and then
removing all fluid under vacuum. Positive controls were similarly
prepared by adding 1 ml of a .about.10.sup.2 CFU/ml suspension.
Afterwards, filters are transferred to empty sterile Petri dishes
and dried with dish lids cracked open for .about.15 min. in a
biosafety cabinet. For treatment, each dried test filter is mounted
in a filter funnel unit to which 15 ml of test biocide solution is
then added. After the desired treatment time, the biocide is
neutralized by the addition of 50 ml of Letheen broth with 0.5%
sodium thiosulfate; all fluid removed under vacuum, and the filter
transferred to an agar plate. The plates are enumerated after an
appropriate incubation period.
Suspension Efficacy Testing
[0060] For this type of study, one ml of challenge inoculum
(.about.6-7 log.sub.10 CFU/ml) is mixed with nine ml of biocide in
a sterile tube at Time 0. At precisely timed intervals, one ml
aliquots of this reaction mixture are transferred to sterile tubes
containing 9 ml neutralizing solution (Letheen broth with 0.5%
sodium thiosulfate). Afterwards, the contents of each neutralizer
tube are poured onto an IsoGrid filter mounted in a filter funnel
unit (as used in the IsoGrid testing described above). Each tube is
twice rinsed with sterile Butterfield's buffer and the rinsate
added to the funnel unit before all fluid is removed under vacuum.
Positive controls are prepared by serially diluting the .about.6-7
log.sub.10 CFU/ml inoculum suspension in Butterfield's buffer to
make a .about.2 log.sub.10 CFU/ml suspension. One ml of this
suspension is then used to inoculate triplicate IsoGrid filters.
All filters are transferred to agar plates, incubated, and
enumerated.
[0061] The following tables list the reductions achieved by test
biocides against several types of microbes in both IsoGrid and
suspension studies.
Example 1
[0062] VigorOx.RTM. at low concentrations with adjuvant showed
significant enhanced activity against these spoilage bacterial
organisms. All tests were run in triplicate. Tests were conducted
at room temperature and for 30 sec.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1.1 Species Avg. LOG.sub.10 Avg. LOG.sub.10
Biocide Treatment Challenge Recovery Reduction [-] Control (FMC
table 1) E. coli 6.4206 -- 85 ppm PAA VigorOx.sup. .RTM. (5%) E.
coli 0.0001 -6.4205 85 ppm PAA VigorOx.sup. .RTM. (5%) + RB E. coli
0 -6.4206 Control P. aeruginosa 7.5714 -- 85 ppm PAA VigorOx.sup.
.RTM. (5%) P. aeruginosa 0.9736 -6.5978 85 ppm PAA VigorOx.sup.
.RTM. (5%) + Adjuvant P. aeruginosa 0 -7.5714 (RB, P-077-22 and
P-077-23 all got complete kills) Table 4 FMC data Control (FMC
Table 5) S. aureus* 5.9403 -- 85 ppm PAA VigorOx.sup. .RTM. (5%) S.
aureus* 4.5858 -1.3544 85 ppm PAA VigorOx.sup. .RTM. (5%) +
P-077-23 S. aureus* 0.2596 -5.6807 *S. aureus past expiration
date.
Example 2
Candida parapsilosis vs. VigorOx.RTM. and VigorOx.RTM. with
Adjuvant
[0063] The VigorOx.RTM. with adjuvant showed significant enhanced
activity against this spoilage yeast organism. Testing at room
temperature showed complete kill at the three time intervals and no
residual for future colonization.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2.1 Candida parapsilosis Count (MPN) Count
(MPN) Count (MPN) Biocide Challenge 30 sec. 45 sec. 60 sec. 440 ppm
PAA 15% VigorOx.sup. .RTM. 1.69 .times. 107 TNTC TNTC TNTC 440 ppm
PAA VigorOx.sup. .RTM. with Adjuvant 1.69 .times. 107 0 0 0
Example 3
Modified Suspension Efficacy Study vs. Mucor plumbeus
[0064] Mucor plumbeus is a problematic spoilage yeast. 1 ml
1.1.times.10.sup.7 cfu/ml Mucor plumbeus suspension was added to 9
ml of prepared biocide at time 0. 1 ml of reaction mixture was
transferred to a tube containing 9 ml Letheen plus 0.5% sodium
thiosulfate at 30 sec., 45 sec., and 60 sec. Each tube of
neutralized mixture was used to inoculate an IsoGrid filter. Tube
was then rinsed with Butterfield's buffer twice and the rinsate
poured back into the IsoGrid funnel and removed under vacuum.
[0065] Filters were plated on malt agar and incubated at room
temperature for 5 days. Inoculum suspension was serially diluted in
Butterfield's buffer and the 10.sup.-6 dilution plated on
triplicate IsoGrid filters.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3.1 Modified Suspension Efficacy Study vs.
Mucor plumbeus Mucor Count (MPN) Count (MPN) Count (MPN) Biocide
Challenge 30 sec. 45 sec. 60 sec. 440 PAA 5% VigorOx.sup. .RTM. 1.1
.times. 10.sup.7 TNTC TNTC TNTC 440 PAA 5% VigorOx.sup. .RTM. +
Adjunct test A 1.1 .times. 10.sup.7 0 0 0 440 PAA 5% VigorOx.sup.
.RTM. + Adjunct test B 1.1 .times.10.sup.7 0 0 0 TNTC = too
numerous to count
Example 4
R. oryzae Challenge with VigorOx.RTM. & VigorOx.RTM. with
Adjuvant
[0066] 1 ml 2.69.times.10.sup.7 cfu/ml Rhizopus oryzae mold
suspension was added to 9 ml of prepared biocide at time 0. 1 ml of
reaction mixture was transferred to a tube containing 9 ml Letheen
plus 0.5% sodium thiosulfate at 30 sec., 45 sec., and 60 sec. Each
tube of neutralized mixture was used to inoculate an IsoGrid
filter. The tube was then rinsed with Butterfield's buffer twice
and the rinsate poured back into the IsoGrid funnel and removed
under vacuum. Filters were plated on malt agar and incubated at
room temperature for 1 day. Inoculum suspension was serially
diluted in Butterfield's buffer and the 10-5 dilution plated on
triplicate IsoGrid filters.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4.1 R. oryzae Challenge with VigorOx.sup.
.RTM. & VigorOx.sup. .RTM. with Adjuvant Rhizopus Count (MPN)
Count (MPN) Count (MPN) Biocide Challenge 30 sec. 45 sec. 60 sec.
440 ppm PAA 5% VigorOx.sup. .RTM. 2.69 .times. 10.sup.7 TNTC TNTC
TNTC 440 ppm PAA VigorOx.sup. .RTM. with Adjuvant 2.69 .times.
10.sup.7 0 0 0 TNTC = too numerous to count
* * * * *